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Tagirasa R, Yoo E. Role of Serine Proteases at the Tumor-Stroma Interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832418. [PMID: 35222418 PMCID: PMC8873516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumor development, invasion and metastasis, the intimate interaction between tumor and stroma shapes the tumor microenvironment and dictates the fate of tumor cells. Stromal cells can also influence anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern this complex and dynamic interplay, thus is important for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Proteolytic enzymes that are expressed and secreted by both cancer and stromal cells play important roles in modulating tumor-stromal interaction. Among, several serine proteases such as fibroblast activation protein, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, kallikrein-related peptidases, and granzymes have attracted great attention owing to their elevated expression and dysregulated activity in the tumor microenvironment. This review highlights the role of serine proteases that are mainly derived from stromal cells in tumor progression and associated theranostic applications.
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2
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Howng B, Winter MB, LePage C, Popova I, Krimm M, Vasiljeva O. Novel Ex Vivo Zymography Approach for Assessment of Protease Activity in Tissues with Activatable Antibodies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091390. [PMID: 34575469 PMCID: PMC8471274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are involved in the control of numerous physiological processes, and their dysregulation has been identified in a wide range of pathologies, including cancer. Protease activity is normally tightly regulated post-translationally and therefore cannot be accurately estimated based on mRNA or protein expression alone. While several types of zymography approaches to estimate protease activity exist, there remains a need for a robust and reliable technique to measure protease activity in biological tissues. We present a novel quantitative ex vivo zymography (QZ) technology based on Probody® therapeutics (Pb-Tx), a novel class of protease-activated cancer therapeutics that contain a substrate linker cleavable by tumor-associated proteases. This approach enables the measurement and comparison of protease activity in biological tissues via the detection of Pb-Tx activation. By exploiting substrate specificity and selectivity, cataloguing and differentiating protease activities is possible, with further refinement achieved using protease-specific inhibitors. Using the QZ assay and human tumor xenografts, patient tumor tissues, and patient plasma, we characterized protease activity in preclinical and clinical samples. The QZ assay offers the potential to increase our understanding of protease activity in tissues and inform diagnostic and therapeutic development for diseases, such as cancer, that are characterized by dysregulated proteolysis.
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3
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Bordeau BM, Yang Y, Balthasar JP. Transient Competitive Inhibition Bypasses the Binding Site Barrier to Improve Tumor Penetration of Trastuzumab and Enhance T-DM1 Efficacy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4145-4154. [PMID: 33727230 PMCID: PMC8338739 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Poor penetration of mAbs in solid tumors is explained, in part, by the binding site barrier hypothesis. Following extravasation, mAbs rapidly bind cellular antigens, leading to the observation that, at subsaturating doses, therapeutic antibody in solid tumors localizes around tumor vasculature. Here we report a unique strategy to overcome the binding site barrier through transient competitive inhibition of antibody-antigen binding. The anti-trastuzumab single domain antibody 1HE was identified through in vitro binding assays as a model inhibitor. Coadministration of 1HE did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab or ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in vivo. Administration of 1HE alone was rapidly eliminated with a terminal plasma half-life of 1.2 hours, while coadministrations of 1HE with trastuzumab had a terminal half-life of 56 hours. In mice harboring SKOV3 xenografts, coadministration of 1HE with trastuzumab led to significant increases in both penetration of trastuzumab from vasculature and the percentage of tumor area that stained positive for trastuzumab. 1HE coadministered with a single dose of T-DM1 to NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice significantly enhanced T-DM1 efficacy, increasing median survival. These results support the hypothesis that transient competitive inhibition can improve therapeutic antibody distribution in solid tumors and enhance antibody efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the development of a transient competitive inhibition strategy that enhances the tumor penetration and efficacy of anticancer antibodies.See related commentary by van Dongen, p. 3956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Bordeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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4
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Chen G, Sun J, Xie M, Yu S, Tang Q, Chen L. PLAU Promotes Cell Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:651882. [PMID: 34093649 PMCID: PMC8173099 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.651882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator, urokinase (uPA) is a secreted serine protease whose Dysregulation is often accompanied by various cancers. However, the biological functions and potential mechanisms of PLAU in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain undetermined. Here, the expression, prognosis, function, and coexpression genetic networks of PLAU in HNSCC were investigated by a series of public bioinformatics tools. A Higher PLAU level predicted a poorer clinical outcome. Meanwhile, functional network analysis implied that PLAU and associated genes mainly regulated cell-substrate adhesion, tissue migration, and extracellular matrix binding. The top 4 significantly associated genes are C10orf55, ITGA5, SERPINE1, and TNFRSF12A. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that PLAU might activate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which could explain the poor prognosis in HNSCC. Besides, genes associated with PLAU were also enriched in EMT pathways. We further validated the bioinformatics analysis results by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Then, we found that much more PLAU was detected in HNSCC tissues, and the silencing of PLAU inhibit the proliferation, migration, and EMT process of CAL27 cell lines. Notably, the downregulation of PLAU decreased the expression of TNFRSF12A. Moreover, knockdown TNFRSF12A also inhibits cell proliferation and migration. In vivo experiment results indicated that PLAU inhibition could suppress tumor growth. Collectively, PLAU is necessary for tumor progression and can be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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5
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PLAU directs conversion of fibroblasts to inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts, promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via uPAR/Akt/NF-κB/IL8 pathway. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:32. [PMID: 33574243 PMCID: PMC7878926 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment. The heterogeneity of CAFs affects the effect of CAFs on promoting or inhibiting tumors, which can be regulated by other cells in the tumor microenvironment through paracrine methods. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) system mediates cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and other functions through the proteolytic system, intracellular signal transduction, and chemokine activation. PLAU promotes tumor progression in many tumors. We explored the function of PLAU in ESCC and the influence of PLAU secreted by tumor cells on the heterogeneity of CAFs. We found that PLAU is highly expressed in ESCC, which is related to poor prognosis and can be used as a prognostic marker for ESCC. Through loss-of function and gain-of function experiments, we found that PLAU promoted ESCC proliferation and clone formation via MAPK pathway, and promotes migration by upregulating Slug and MMP9, which can be reversed by the MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126. At the same time, through sequencing, cytokine detection, and RT-qPCR verification, we found that tumor cells secreted PLAU promoted the conversion of fibroblasts to inflammatory CAFs, which upregulated expression and secretion of IL8 via the uPAR/Akt/NF-κB pathway. The IL8 secreted by CAFs in turn promotes the high expression of PLAU in tumor cells and further promoted the progression of ESCC. In summary, PLAU was not only a prognostic marker of ESCC, which promoted tumor cell proliferation and migration, but also promoted the formation of inflammatory CAFs by the PLAU secreted by tumor cells.
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6
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Sevillano N, Bohn MF, Zimanyi M, Chen Y, Petzold C, Gupta S, Ralston CY, Craik CS. Structure of an affinity-matured inhibitory recombinant fab against urokinase plasminogen activator reveals basis of potency and specificity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140562. [PMID: 33221341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Affinity maturation of U33, a recombinant Fab inhibitor of uPA, was used to improve the affinity and the inhibitory effect compared to the parental Fab. Arginine scanning of the six CDR loops of U33 was done to identify initial binding determinants since uPA prefers arginine in its primary substrate binding pocket. Two CDR loops were selected to create an engineered affinity maturation library of U33 that was diversified around ArgL91 (CDR L3) and ArgH52 (CDR H2). Biopanning of the randomized U33 library under stringent conditions resulted in eight Fabs with improved binding properties. One of the most potent inhibitors, AB2, exhibited a 13-fold decrease in IC50 when compared to U33 largely due to a decrease in its off rate. To identify contributions of interfacial residues that might undergo structural rearrangement upon interface formation we used X-ray footprinting and mass spectrometry (XFMS). Four residues showed a pronounced decrease in solvent accessibility, and their clustering suggests that AB2 targets the active site and also engages residues in an adjacent pocket unique to human uPA. The 2.9 Å resolution crystal structure of AB2-bound to uPA shows a binding mode in which the CDR L1 loop inserts into the active site cleft and acts as a determinant of inhibition. The selectivity determinant of this binding mode is unlike previously identified inhibitory Fabs against uPA related serine proteases, MTSP-1, HGFA and FXIa. CDRs H2 and L3 loops aid in interface formation and provide critical salt-bridges to remodel loops surrounding the active site of uPA providing specificity and further evidence that antibodies can be potent and selective inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sevillano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - M F Bohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - M Zimanyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Y Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, and Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Petzold
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, and Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Y Ralston
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America.
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7
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Vasiljeva O, Menendez E, Nguyen M, Craik CS, Michael Kavanaugh W. Monitoring protease activity in biological tissues using antibody prodrugs as sensing probes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5894. [PMID: 32246002 PMCID: PMC7125177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases have been implicated in the development of many pathological conditions, including cancer. Detection of protease activity in diseased tissues could therefore be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Due to tight post-translational regulation, determination of the expression level of proteases alone may not be indicative of protease activities, and new methods for measuring protease activity in biological samples such as tumor biopsies are needed. Here we report a novel zymography-based technique, called the IHZTM assay, for the detection of specific protease activities in situ. The IHZ assay involves imaging the binding of a protease-activated monoclonal antibody prodrug, called a Probody® therapeutic, to tissue. Probody therapeutics are fully recombinant, masked antibodies that can only bind target antigen after removal of the mask by a selected protease. A fluorescently labeled Probody molecule is incubated with a biological tissue, thereby enabling its activation by tissue endogenous proteases. Protease activity is measured by imaging the activated Probody molecule binding to antigen present in the sample. The method was evaluated in xenograft tumor samples using protease specific substrates and inhibitors, and the measurements correlated with efficacy of the respective Probody therapeutics. Using this technique, a diverse profile of MMP and serine protease activities was characterized in breast cancer patient tumor samples. The IHZ assay represents a new type of in situ zymography technique that can be used for the screening of disease-associated proteases in patient samples from multiple pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vasiljeva
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.; 151 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 400, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Menendez
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.; 151 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 400, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Margaret Nguyen
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.; 151 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 400, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - W Michael Kavanaugh
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.; 151 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 400, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
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8
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Wang Z, Liu T, Li G, Cao Z. The exploration of new therapeutic targets for HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell cancer through the construction of a ceRNA network and immune microenvironment analysis. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3426-3437. [PMID: 31898341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) suffer from an unsatisfactory prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified to participate in many biological processes, including regulating gene expression as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), while few studies focused the ceRNA network regulation mechanism in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC tumor. Meanwhile, the immune microenvironment may be critical in the development and prognosis of HPV-negative tumors. Our study aimed to further investigate the pathogenesis and potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of HPV-negative HNSCC through a ceRNA network. Comprehensively analyzing the sequencing data of lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC dataset, we constructed a differentially expressed ceRNA network containing 131 lncRNAs, 35 miRNAs and 162 mRNAs. Then, survival analysis in the network was cited to explore the prognostic biomarkers. Eight mRNAs, nine lncRNAs, and one miRNA were identified to be associated with prognosis. Neuropilin (NRP) binding function, retinoid X receptor (RXR) binding, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway were associated with the enrichment analysis, and they also related to the immune microenvironment. Combined with the analysis of the immune microenvironment differences, we obtained new targeted therapies using an RXR agonist, or a combination of the VEGF monoclonal antibody and an NRP antagonist, which may provide a promising future for HPV-negative HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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9
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Abstract
Introduction: The toxicity of potent new biological therapies for cancer has limited their utility. By improving tumor specificity, antibody prodrugs can widen or even create a therapeutic window for anticancer agents that are difficult or impossible to use otherwise because of poor tolerability.Areas covered: This review will describe the current status of the field of antibody prodrugs, focusing on ProbodyTM therapeutics, including the principles behind their design, application to a variety of different antibody-based therapies, preclinical examples of their activity and safety, and early results of Phase 1 trials.Expert opinion: Proof of concept for the antibody prodrug approach, which is defined as demonstration of potent antitumor activity with improved safety, has been extensively established preclinically as well as preliminarily in early clinical trials in human patients. However, experience with antibody prodrugs is limited, and important challenges remain. Principal among them are how to design the molecules to provide the most effective protection from toxicities while preserving efficacy, how to optimize clinical pharmacology, and how to determine which among the many possible clinical applications is the best use of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Kavanaugh
- Chief Scientific Officer and Head, Research and Non-clinical Development CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Glumac PM, Gallant JP, Shapovalova M, Li Y, Murugan P, Gupta S, Coleman IM, Nelson PS, Dehm SM, LeBeau AM. Exploitation of CD133 for the Targeted Imaging of Lethal Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:1054-1064. [PMID: 31732520 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) is a nonandrogen receptor-driven form of disease that arises in men in whom standard-of-care therapies have failed. Therapeutic options for AVPC are limited, and the development of novel therapeutics is significantly hindered by the inability to accurately quantify patient response to therapy by imaging. Imaging modalities that accurately and sensitively detect the bone and visceral metastases associated with AVPC do not exist. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study investigated the transmembrane protein CD133 as a targetable cell surface antigen in AVPC. We evaluated the expression of CD133 by microarray and IHC analysis. The imaging potential of the CD133-targeted IgG (HA10 IgG) was evaluated in preclinical prostate cancer models using two different imaging modalities: near-infrared and PET imaging. RESULTS Evaluation of the patient data demonstrated that CD133 is overexpressed in a specific phenotype of AVPC that is androgen receptor indifferent and neuroendocrine differentiated. In addition, HA10 IgG was selective for CD133-expressing tumors in all preclinical imaging studies. PET imaging with [89Zr]Zr-HA10 IgG revealed a mean %ID/g of 24.30 ± 3.19 in CD133-positive metastatic lesions as compared with 11.82 ± 0.57 in CD133-negative lesions after 72 hours (P = 0.0069). Ex vivo biodistribution showed similar trends as signals were increased by nearly 3-fold in CD133-positive tumors (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to define CD133 as a targetable marker of AVPC. Similarly, we have developed a novel imaging agent, which is selective for CD133-expressing tumors, resulting in a noninvasive PET imaging approach to more effectively detect and monitor AVPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Glumac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph P Gallant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mariya Shapovalova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yingming Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paari Murugan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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11
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Vasiljeva O, Hostetter DR, Moore SJ, Winter MB. The multifaceted roles of tumor-associated proteases and harnessing their activity for prodrug activation. Biol Chem 2019; 400:965-977. [PMID: 30913028 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteases in cancer was originally thought to be limited to the breakdown of basement membranes and extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby promoting cancer cell invasion into surrounding normal tissues. It is now well understood that proteases play a much more complicated role in all stages of cancer progression and that not only tumor cells, but also stromal cells are an important source of proteases in the tumor microenvironment. Among all the proteolytic enzymes potentially associated with cancer, some proteases have taken on heightened importance due to their significant up-regulation and ability to participate at multiple stages of cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss some of the advances in understanding of the roles of several key proteases from different classes in the development and progression of cancer and the potential to leverage their upregulated activity for the development of novel targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vasiljeva
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel R Hostetter
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stephen J Moore
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael B Winter
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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12
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Classification of prostate cancer using a protease activity nanosensor library. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8954-8959. [PMID: 30126988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805337115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved biomarkers are needed for prostate cancer, as the current gold standards have poor predictive value. Tests for circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are susceptible to various noncancer comorbidities in the prostate and do not provide prognostic information, whereas physical biopsies are invasive, must be performed repeatedly, and only sample a fraction of the prostate. Injectable biosensors may provide a new paradigm for prostate cancer biomarkers by querying the status of the prostate via a noninvasive readout. Proteases are an important class of enzymes that play a role in every hallmark of cancer; their activities could be leveraged as biomarkers. We identified a panel of prostate cancer proteases through transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Using this panel, we developed a nanosensor library that measures protease activity in vitro using fluorescence and in vivo using urinary readouts. In xenograft mouse models, we applied this nanosensor library to classify aggressive prostate cancer and to select predictive substrates. Last, we coformulated a subset of nanosensors with integrin-targeting ligands to increase sensitivity. These targeted nanosensors robustly classified prostate cancer aggressiveness and outperformed PSA. This activity-based nanosensor library could be useful throughout clinical management of prostate cancer, with both diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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13
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Antibody-based PET of uPA/uPAR signaling with broad applicability for cancer imaging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73912-73924. [PMID: 27729618 PMCID: PMC5342023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) play a central role in tumor progression. The goal of this study was to develop an 89Zr-labeled, antibody-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for quantitative imaging of the uPA/uPAR system. An anti-uPA monoclonal antibody (ATN-291) was conjugated with a deferoxamine (Df) derivative and subsequently labeled with 89Zr. Flow cytometry, microscopy studies, and competitive binding assays were conducted to validate the binding specificity of Df-ATN-291 against uPA. PET imaging with 89Zr-Df-ATN-291 was carried out in different tumors with distinct expression levels of uPA. Biodistribution, histology examination, and Western blotting were performed to correlate tumor uptake with uPA or uPAR expression. ATN-291 retained uPA binding affinity and specificity after Df conjugation. 89Zr-labeling of ATN-291 was achieved in good radiochemical yield and high specific activity. Serial PET imaging demonstrated that, in most tumors studied (except uPA- LNCaP), the uptake of 89Zr-Df-ATN-291 was higher compared to major organs at 120 h post-injection, providing excellent tumor contrast. The tumor-to-muscle ratio of 89Zr-Df-ATN-291 in U87MG was as high as 45.2 ± 9.0 at 120 h p.i. In vivo uPA specificity of 89Zr-Df-ATN-291 was confirmed by successful pharmacological blocking of tumor uptake with ATN-291 in U87MG tumors. Although the detailed mechanisms behind in vivo 89Zr-Df-ATN-291 tumor uptake remained to be further elucidated, quantitative PET imaging with 89Zr-Df-ATN-291 in tumors can facilitate oncologists to adopt more relevant cancer treatment planning.
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14
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Nowacka-Zawisza M, Wiśnik E. DNA methylation and histone modifications as epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2587-2596. [PMID: 29048620 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in Poland after lung cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality after lung and colon cancer. The etiology of most cases of prostate cancer are not fully known, and therefore it is essential to search for the molecular basis of prostate cancer and markers for the early diagnosis of this type of cancer. Epigenetics deals with changes in gene expression that are not determined by changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes refer to changes in the structure of DNA, which are the result of DNA modification after replication and/or post-translational modification of proteins associated with DNA. In contrast to mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible and occur very rapidly. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, modification of histone proteins, chemical modification and chromatin remodeling changes in gene expression caused by microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic changes play an important role in malignant transformation and can be specific to types of cancers including prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowacka-Zawisza
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiśnik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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uPAR-targeted optical near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and PET for image-guided surgery in head and neck cancer: proof-of-concept in orthotopic xenograft model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15407-15419. [PMID: 28039488 PMCID: PMC5362495 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Urokinase-like Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) is overexpressed in a variety of carcinoma types, and therefore represents an attractive imaging target. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of two uPAR-targeted probes for PET and fluorescence tumor imaging in a human xenograft tongue cancer model. Experimental design and results Tumor growth of tongue cancer was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and MRI. Either ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105 (fluorescent agent) or 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 (PET agent) was injected systemically, and fluorescence imaging or PET/CT imaging was performed. Tissue was collected for micro-fluorescence imaging and histology. A clear fluorescent signal was detected in the primary tumor with a mean in vivo tumor-to-background ratio of 2.5. Real-time fluorescence-guided tumor resection was possible, and sub-millimeter tumor deposits could be localized. Histological analysis showed co-localization of the fluorescent signal, uPAR expression and tumor deposits. In addition, the feasibility of uPAR-guided robotic cancer surgery was demonstrated. Also, uPAR-PET imaging showed a clear and localized signal in the tongue tumors. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of combining two uPAR-targeted probes in a preclinical head and neck cancer model. The PET modality provided preoperative non-invasive tumor imaging and the optical modality allowed for real-time fluorescence-guided tumor detection and resection. Clinical translation of this platform seems promising.
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16
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Harris NLE, Vennin C, Conway JRW, Vine KL, Pinese M, Cowley MJ, Shearer RF, Lucas MC, Herrmann D, Allam AH, Pajic M, Morton JP, Biankin AV, Ranson M, Timpson P, Saunders DN. SerpinB2 regulates stromal remodelling and local invasion in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4288-4298. [PMID: 28346421 PMCID: PMC5537606 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a devastating prognosis, with an overall 5-year survival rate of ~8%, restricted treatment options and characteristic molecular heterogeneity. SerpinB2 expression, particularly in the stromal compartment, is associated with reduced metastasis and prolonged survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and our genomic analysis revealed that SERPINB2 is frequently deleted in PDAC. We show that SerpinB2 is required by stromal cells for normal collagen remodelling in vitro, regulating fibroblast interaction and engagement with collagen in the contracting matrix. In a pancreatic cancer allograft model, co-injection of PDAC cancer cells and SerpinB2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resulted in increased tumour growth, aberrant remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and increased local invasion from the primary tumour. These tumours also displayed elevated proteolytic activity of the primary biochemical target of SerpinB2-urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). In a large cohort of patients with resected PDAC, we show that increasing uPA mRNA expression was significantly associated with poorer survival following pancreatectomy. This study establishes a novel role for SerpinB2 in the stromal compartment in PDAC invasion through regulation of stromal remodelling and highlights the SerpinB2/uPA axis for further investigation as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L E Harris
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - C Vennin
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - J R W Conway
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - K L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - M Pinese
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - M J Cowley
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - R F Shearer
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - M C Lucas
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - D Herrmann
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - A H Allam
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - M Pajic
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - J P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - P Timpson
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - D N Saunders
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Yang X, Li Y, Li L, Liu J, Wu M, Ye M. SnoRNAs are involved in the progression of ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:545-551. [PMID: 28110922 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Emerging evidences indicate that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various pathophysiological processes including inflammation and cancer. In the current study, we investigate whether snoRNAs dysregulate in colorectal cancer (CRC) and intestinal inflammation and contribute the pathogenesis of CRC. METHODS We analyzed the snoRNAs expression profile in CRC patients by GeneChipR Array and validated candidate snoRNAs expression in 44 CRC tissues, as well as in 28 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 28 healthy controls using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between snoRNAs expression and clinical characteristics of CRC and evaluated the diagnosis and differentiation efficiencies of the snoRNAs in CRC and UC. RESULTS The expression of snoRA15, snoRA41 displayed increased, whereas snoRD33 was down-regulated in CRC compared with matched non-cancerous tissues. When compared to healthy control, the three snoRNAs are all upregulated in lesion tissue of UC and CRC, which showed an increasingly trend from healthy control to UC and CRC. CONCLUSIONS The identified three snoRNAs might contribute the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer and involve in the progress from chronic intestinal inflammation to malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Gastroenterology Division, Geriatrics Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Gastroenterology Division, Geriatrics Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Gastroenterology Division, Geriatrics Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Gastroenterology Division, Geriatrics Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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18
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Harryman WL, Hinton JP, Rubenstein CP, Singh P, Nagle RB, Parker SJ, Knudsen BS, Cress AE. The Cohesive Metastasis Phenotype in Human Prostate Cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1866:221-231. [PMID: 27678419 PMCID: PMC5534328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical barrier for the successful prevention and treatment of recurrent prostate cancer is detection and eradication of metastatic and therapy-resistant disease. Despite the fall in diagnoses and mortality, the reported incidence of metastatic disease has increased 72% since 2004. Prostate cancer arises in cohesive groups as intraepithelial neoplasia, migrates through muscle and leaves the gland via perineural invasion for hematogenous dissemination. Current technological advances have shown cohesive-clusters of tumor (also known as microemboli) within the circulation. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) profiles are indicative of disseminated prostate cancer, and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are found in cohesive-clusters, a phenotypic characteristic of both radiation- and drug-resistant tumors. Recent reports in cell biology and informatics, coupled with mass spectrometry, indicate that the integrin adhesome network provides an explanation for the biophysical ability of cohesive-clusters of tumor cells to invade thorough muscle and nerve microenvironments while maintaining adhesion-dependent therapeutic resistance. Targeting cohesive-clusters takes advantage of the known ability of extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion to promote tumor cell survival and represents an approach that has the potential to avoid the progression to drug- and radiotherapy-resistance. In the following review we will examine the evidence for development and dissemination of cohesive-clusters in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Harryman
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - James P Hinton
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Cynthia P Rubenstein
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Parminder Singh
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Anne E Cress
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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19
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López-Fernández H, de S Pessôa G, Arruda MAZ, Capelo-Martínez JL, Fdez-Riverola F, Glez-Peña D, Reboiro-Jato M. LA-iMageS: a software for elemental distribution bioimaging using LA-ICP-MS data. J Cheminform 2016; 8:65. [PMID: 27917244 PMCID: PMC5116144 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of chemical elements in different types of samples is an important field in several research areas such as biology, paleontology or biomedicine, among others. Elemental distribution imaging by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) is an effective technique for qualitative and quantitative imaging due to its high spatial resolution and sensitivity. By applying this technique, vast amounts of raw data are generated to obtain high-quality images, essentially making the use of specific LA–ICP–MS imaging software that can process such data absolutely mandatory. Since existing solutions are usually commercial or hard-to-use for average users, this work introduces LA-iMageS, an open-source, free-to-use multiplatform application for fast and automatic generation of high-quality elemental distribution bioimages from LA–ICP–MS data in the PerkinElmer Elan XL format, whose results can be directly exported to external applications for further analysis. A key strength of LA-iMageS is its substantial added value for users, with particular regard to the customization of the elemental distribution bioimages, which allows, among other features, the ability to change color maps, increase image resolution or toggle between 2D and 3D visualizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo López-Fernández
- ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gustavo de S Pessôa
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13084-62 Brazil ; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Arruda
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13084-62 Brazil ; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
| | - José L Capelo-Martínez
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal ; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Florentino Fdez-Riverola
- ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Daniel Glez-Peña
- ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel Reboiro-Jato
- ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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20
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Vangestel C, Thomae D, Van Soom J, Ides J, wyffels L, Pauwels P, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Magdolen V, Joossens J, Augustyns K, Staelens S. Preclinical evaluation of [111In]MICA-401, an activity-based probe for SPECT imaging ofin vivouPA activity. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:448-458. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - David Thomae
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Soom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Johan Ides
- Center for Oncological Research; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Leonie wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Pathology; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Klinische Forschergruppe der Frauenklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München; 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
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21
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Juhl K, Christensen A, Persson M, Ploug M, Kjaer A. Peptide-Based Optical uPAR Imaging for Surgery: In Vivo Testing of ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147428. [PMID: 26828431 PMCID: PMC4734687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared intra-operative optical imaging is an emerging technique with clear implications for improved cancer surgery by enabling a more distinct delineation of the tumor margins during resection. This modality has the potential to increase the number of patients having a curative radical tumor resection. In the present study, a new uPAR-targeted fluorescent probe was developed and the in vivo applicability was evaluated in a human xenograft mouse model. Most human carcinomas express high level of uPAR in the tumor-stromal interface of invasive lesions and uPAR is therefore considered an ideal target for intra-operative imaging. Conjugation of the flourophor indocyanine green (ICG) to the uPAR agonist (AE105) provides an optical imaging ligand with sufficiently high receptor affinity to allow for a specific receptor targeting in vivo. For in vivo testing, human glioblastoma xenograft mice were subjected to optical imaging after i.v. injection of ICG-AE105, which provided an optimal contrast in the time window 6–24 h post injection. Specificity of the uPAR-targeting probe ICG-AE105 was demonstrated in vivo by 1) no uptake of unconjugated ICG after 15 hours, 2) inhibition of ICG-AE105 tumor uptake by a bolus injection of the natural uPAR ligand pro-uPA, and finally 3) the histological colocalization of ICG-AE105 fluorescence and immunohistochemical detected human uPAR on resected tumor slides. Taken together, our data supports the potential use of this probe for intra-operative optical guidance in cancer surgery to ensure complete removal of tumors while preserving adjacent, healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Juhl
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Persson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wong KR, Menendez E, Craik CS, Kavanaugh WM, Vasiljeva O. In vivo imaging of protease activity by Probody therapeutic activation. Biochimie 2015; 122:62-7. [PMID: 26546838 PMCID: PMC5709043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probody™ therapeutics are recombinant, proteolytically-activated antibody prodrugs, engineered to remain inert until activated locally by tumor-associated proteases. Probody therapeutics exploit the fundamental dysregulation of extracellular protease activity that exists in tumors relative to healthy tissue. Leveraging the ability of a Probody therapeutic to bind its target at the site of disease after proteolytic cleavage, we developed a novel method for profiling protease activity in living animals. Using NIR optical imaging, we demonstrated that a non-labeled anti-EGFR Probody therapeutic can become activated and compete for binding to tumor cells in vivo with a labeled anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, by inhibiting matriptase activity in vivo with a blocking-matriptase antibody, we show that the ability of the Probody therapeutic to bind EGFR in vivo was dependent on protease activity. These results demonstrate that in vivo imaging of Probody therapeutic activation can be used for screening and characterization of protease activity in living animals, and provide a method that avoids some of the limitations of prior methods. This approach can improve our understanding of the activity of proteases in disease models and help to develop efficient strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Wong
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., 343 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Elizabeth Menendez
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., 343 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - W Michael Kavanaugh
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., 343 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Olga Vasiljeva
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., 343 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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23
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Ménoret A, Crocker SJ, Rodriguez A, Rathinam VA, Clark RB, Vella AT. Transition from identity to bioactivity-guided proteomics for biomarker discovery with focus on the PF2D platform. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015. [PMID: 26201056 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic strategies provide a valuable tool kit to identify proteins involved in diseases. With recent progress in MS technology, high throughput proteomics has accelerated protein identification for potential biomarkers. Numerous biomarker candidates have been identified in several diseases, and many are common among pathologies. An overall strategy that could complement and strengthen the search for biomarkers is combining protein identity with biological outcomes. This review describes an emerging framework of bridging bioactivity to protein identity, exploring the possibility that some biomarkers will have a mechanistic role in the disease process. A review of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and CNS biomarkers will be discussed to demonstrate the utility of combining bioactivity with identification as a means to not only find meaningful biomarkers, but also to uncover functional mediators of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robert B Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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24
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Abstract
New incidence of prostate cancer is a major public health issue in the Western world, and has been rising in other areas of the globe in recent years. In an effort to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this disease, numerous cell models have been developed, arising mostly from patient biopsies. The introduction of the genetically engineered mouse in biomedical research has allowed the development of murine models that allow for the investigation of tumorigenic and metastatic processes. Current challenges to the field include lack of an animal model that faithfully recapitulates bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cunningham
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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