1
|
Linscott MP, Ren JR, Gestl SA, Gunther EJ. Different Oncogenes and Reproductive Histories Shape the Progression of Distinct Premalignant Clones in Multistage Mouse Breast Cancer Models. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1329-1345. [PMID: 38537934 PMCID: PMC11220927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A remote carcinogen exposure can predispose to breast cancer onset decades later, suggesting that carcinogen-induced mutations generate long-lived premalignant clones. How subsequent events influence the progression of specific premalignant clones remains poorly understood. Herein, multistage mouse models of mammary carcinogenesis were generated by combining chemical carcinogen exposure [using 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)] with transgenes that enable inducible expression of one of two clinically relevant mammary oncogenes: c-MYC (MYC) or PIK3CAH1047R (PIK). In prior work, DMBA exposure generated mammary clones bearing signature HrasQ61L mutations, which only progressed to mammary cancer after inducible Wnt1 oncogene expression. Here, after an identical DMBA exposure, MYC versus PIK drove cancer progression from mammary clones bearing mutations in distinct Ras family paralogs. For example, MYC drove cancer progression from either Kras- or Nras-mutant clones, whereas PIK transformed Kras-mutant clones only. These Ras mutation patterns were maintained whether oncogenic transgenes were induced within days of DMBA exposure or months later. Completing a full-term pregnancy (parity) failed to protect against either MYC- or PIK-driven tumor progression. Instead, a postpartum increase in mammary tumor predisposition was observed in the context of PIK-driven progression. However, parity decreased the overall prevalence of tumors bearing Krasmut, and the magnitude of this decrease depended on both the number and timing of pregnancies. These multistage models may be useful for elucidating biological features of premalignant mammary neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryknoll P Linscott
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jerry R Ren
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shelley A Gestl
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Gunther
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raghuram N, Temel EI, Kawamata T, Kozma KJ, Loch AJ, Wang W, Adams JR, Muller WJ, Egan SE. Elevated expression of wildtype RhoC promotes ErbB2- and Pik3ca-induced mammary tumor formation. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:86. [PMID: 38807216 PMCID: PMC11134842 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Copy number gains in genes coding for Rho activating exchange factors as well as losses affecting genes coding for RhoGAP proteins are common in breast cancer (BC), suggesting that elevated Rho signaling may play an important role. Extra copies and overexpression of RHOC also occur, although a role for RhoC overexpression in driving tumor formation has not been assessed in vivo. To this end, we report on the development of a Rosa26 (R26)-targeted Cre-conditional RhoC overexpression mouse (R26RhoC). This mouse was crossed to two models for ERBB2/NEU+ breast cancer: one based on expression of an oncogenic ErbB2/Neu cDNA downstream of the endogenous ErbB2 promoter (FloxNeoNeuNT), the other, a metastatic model that is based on high-level expression from MMTV regulatory elements (NIC). RhoC overexpression dramatically enhanced mammary tumor formation in FloxNeoNeuNT mice but showed a more subtle effect in the NIC line, which forms multiple mammary tumors after a very short latency. RhoC overexpression also enhanced mammary tumor formation in an activated Pik3ca model for breast cancer (Pik3caH1047R). The transforming effect of RhoC was associated with epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ErbB2/NeuNT and Pik3caH1047R systems. Thus, our study reveals the importance of elevated wildtype Rho protein expression as a driver of breast tumor formation and highlights the significance of Copy Number Abberations that affect Rho signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Raghuram
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - E Idil Temel
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Toshihiro Kawamata
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Kozma
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Room 16-9703, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carrión-Estrada DA, Aguilar-Rojas A, Huerta-Yepez S, Montecillo-Aguado M, Bello M, Rojo-Domínguez A, Arechaga-Ocampo E, Briseño-Díaz P, Meraz-Ríos MA, Thompson-Bonilla MDR, Hernández-Rivas R, Vargas M. Antineoplastic effect of compounds C14 and P8 on TNBC and radioresistant TNBC cells by stabilizing the K-Ras4B G13D/PDE6δ complex. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1341766. [PMID: 38571493 PMCID: PMC10989073 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1341766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant subtypes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor potential of C14 and P8 molecules in both TNBC and radioresistant TNBC cells. These compounds were chosen for their ability to stabilize the complex formed by the overactivated form of K-Ras4BG13D and its membrane transporter (PDE6δ). Methods The antitumor potential of C14 and P8 was assessed using TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, and the radioresistant derivative MDA-MB-231RR, both carrying the K-Ras4B> G13D mutation. We investigated the compounds' effects on K-Ras signaling pathways, cell viability, and tumor growth in vivo. Results Western blotting analysis determined the negative impact of C14 and P8 on the activation of mutant K-Ras signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231RR cells. Proliferation assays demonstrated their efficacy as cytotoxic agents against K-RasG13D mutant cancer cells and in inducing apoptosis. Clonogenic assays proven their ability to inhibit TNBC and radioresistant TNBC cell clonogenicity. In In vivo studies, C14 and P8 inhibited tumor growth and reduced proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell cycle progression markers. Discussion These findings suggest that C14 and P8 could serve as promising adjuvant treatments for TNBC, particularly for non-responders to standard therapies. By targeting overactivated K-Ras and its membrane transporter, these compounds offer potential therapeutic benefits against TNBC, including its radioresistant form. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate their efficacy and safety as novel TNBC treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayan A. Carrión-Estrada
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-I.P.N.), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Aguilar-Rojas
- Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), High Specialty Medical Unit in Gynecology and Obstetrics No. 4 Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Research Unit in Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Research Unit in Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation, Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Rojo-Domínguez
- Department of Natural Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University Cuajimalpa Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Arechaga-Ocampo
- Department of Natural Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University Cuajimalpa Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Briseño-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-I.P.N.), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- Biomedical and Transnational Research, Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital 1° de Octubre, Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Hernández-Rivas
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-I.P.N.), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vargas
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-I.P.N.), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan S, Kang B, Li S, Li W, Chen C, Chen J, Deng L, Chen D, Zhou J. Exploring the multifaceted role of RASGRP1 in disease: immune, neural, metabolic, and oncogenic perspectives. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:722-746. [PMID: 38865342 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2366009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) characterized by the presence of a RAS superfamily GEF domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor, specifically activating RAS through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activation of RAS by RASGRP1 has a wide range of downstream effects at the cellular level. Thus, it is not surprising that many diseases are associated with RASGRP1 disorders. Here, we present an overview of the structure and function of RASGRP1, its crucial role in the development, expression, and regulation of immune cells, and its involvement in various signaling pathways. This review comprehensively explores the relationship between RASGRP1 and various diseases, elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms of RASGRP1 in each disease, and identifies potential therapeutic targets. This study provides novel insights into the role of RASGRP1 in insulin secretion and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes. The limitations and challenges associated with studying RASGRP1 in disease are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Canyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lijing Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Danjun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar B, Khatpe AS, Guanglong J, Batic K, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Granatir MM, Addison RJ, Szymanski M, Baldridge LA, Temm CJ, Sandusky G, Althouse SK, Cote ML, Miller KD, Storniolo AM, Nakshatri H. Stromal heterogeneity may explain increased incidence of metaplastic breast cancer in women of African descent. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5683. [PMID: 37709737 PMCID: PMC10502140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The biologic basis of genetic ancestry-dependent variability in disease incidence and outcome is just beginning to be explored. We recently reported enrichment of a population of ZEB1-expressing cells located adjacent to ductal epithelial cells in normal breasts of women of African ancestry compared to those of European ancestry. In this study, we demonstrate that these cells have properties of fibroadipogenic/mesenchymal stromal cells that express PROCR and PDGFRα and transdifferentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. PROCR + /ZEB1 + /PDGFRα+ (PZP) cells are enriched in normal breast tissues of women of African compared to European ancestry. PZP: epithelial cell communication results in luminal epithelial cells acquiring basal cell characteristics and IL-6-dependent increase in STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, level of phospho-STAT3 is higher in normal and cancerous breast tissues of women of African ancestry. PZP cells transformed with HRasG12V ± SV40-T/t antigens generate metaplastic carcinoma suggesting that these cells are one of the cells-of-origin of metaplastic breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Aditi S Khatpe
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jiang Guanglong
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Katie Batic
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Maggie M Granatir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rebekah Joann Addison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Megan Szymanski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lee Ann Baldridge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Constance J Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sandra K Althouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim O, Tran PT, Gal M, Lee SJ, Na SH, Hwangbo C, Lee JH. RAS‑stimulated release of exosomal miR‑494‑3p promotes the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:84. [PMID: 37503759 PMCID: PMC10555479 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS activation is a key determinant of breast cancer progression and metastasis. However, the role of the interaction among exosomes, RAS and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the role of activated RAS (KRAS, HRAS and NRAS) in the release of exosome‑mediated osteoclastogenic miRNAs and to elucidate their functional role in bone microenvironment remodeling in vitro and in vivo. Exosomes derived from RAS‑activated breast cancer cells promoted RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis; however, RAS inhibition abolished this effect. miR‑494‑3p, miR‑4508 and miR‑6869‑5p were identified as osteoclastogenic miRNAs in the exosomes secreted by RAS‑activated breast cancer cells. The levels of these osteoclastogenic miRNAs in the sera of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‑positive luminal breast cancer were significantly higher than those in the sera of patients with triple‑negative breast cancer. miR‑494‑3p exhibited both osteoclastogenic and anti‑osteoblastogenic activity. Treatment with a miR‑494‑3p inhibitor abolished the exosome‑mediated increase in RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with a miR‑494‑3p mimic enhanced RANKL‑induced osteoclast formation; however, treatment with its inhibitor suppressed this effect by targeting leucine‑rich repeat‑containing G‑protein coupled receptor 4 in osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, miR‑494‑3p inhibited bone morphogenetic protein 2‑induced osteoblast formation by targeting semaphorin 3A. In a mouse model, exosomes derived from breast cancer cells promoted osteolytic bone lesions; however, treatment with a miR‑494‑3p inhibitor significantly suppressed this effect. On the whole, the present study provides a novel mechanism, demonstrating that the RAS activation of breast cancer cells induces osteolytic bone metastasis by stimulating the exosome‑mediated transfer of osteoclastogenic miRNAs, including miR‑494‑3p to bone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okhwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
| | - Minju Gal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do 24341
| | - Sung Hun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do 24341
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin H, Koh M, Lim H, Yong HY, Kim ES, Kim SY, Kim K, Jung J, Ryu WJ, Choi KY, Moon A. Lipid raft protein flotillin-1 is important for the interaction between SOS1 and H-Ras/K-Ras, leading to Ras activation. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1933-1946. [PMID: 36691829 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ras mutations have been frequently observed in human cancer. Although there is a high degree of similarity between Ras isomers, they display preferential coupling in specific cancer types. The binding of Ras to the plasma membrane is essential for its activation and biological functions. The present study elucidated Ras isoform-specific interactions with the membrane and their role in Ras-mediated biological activities. We investigated the role of a lipid raft protein flotillin-1 (Flot-1) in the activations of Ras. We found that Flot-1 was co-localized with H-Ras, but not with N-Ras, in lipid rafts of MDA-MB-231 human breast cells. The amino-terminal hydrophobic domain (1-38) of Flot-1 interacted with the hypervariable region of H-Ras. The epidermal growth factor-stimulated activation of H-Ras required Flot-1 which was not necessary for that of N-Ras in breast cancer cells. Flot-1 interacted with son of sevenless (SOS)-1, which promotes the conversion of Ras-bound GDP to GTP. Notably, Flot-1 was crucial for the interaction between SOS1 and H-Ras/K-Ras in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Stable knockdown of Flot-1 reduced the in vivo metastasis in a mouse xenograft model with human breast carcinoma cells. A tissue microarray composed of 61 human pancreatic cancer samples showed higher levels of Flot-1 expression in pancreatic tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and a correlation between K-Ras and Flot-1. Taken together, our findings suggest that Flot-1 may serve as a membrane platform for the interaction of SOS1 with H-Ras/K-Ras in human cancer cells, presenting Flot-1 as a potential target for Ras-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Koh
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesol Lim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Yong
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmee Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ji Ryu
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ochoa S, Hernández-Lemus E. Functional impact of multi-omic interactions in breast cancer subtypes. Front Genet 2023; 13:1078609. [PMID: 36685900 PMCID: PMC9850112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1078609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omic approaches are expected to deliver a broader molecular view of cancer. However, the promised mechanistic explanations have not quite settled yet. Here, we propose a theoretical and computational analysis framework to semi-automatically produce network models of the regulatory constraints influencing a biological function. This way, we identified functions significantly enriched on the analyzed omics and described associated features, for each of the four breast cancer molecular subtypes. For instance, we identified functions sustaining over-representation of invasion-related processes in the basal subtype and DNA modification processes in the normal tissue. We found limited overlap on the omics-associated functions between subtypes; however, a startling feature intersection within subtype functions also emerged. The examples presented highlight new, potentially regulatory features, with sound biological reasons to expect a connection with the functions. Multi-omic regulatory networks thus constitute reliable models of the way omics are connected, demonstrating a capability for systematic generation of mechanistic hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Ochoa
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico,Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico,*Correspondence: Enrique Hernández-Lemus,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naaman SC, Shen S, Zeytinoglu M, Iyengar NM. Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: The Oncogenic Implications of Metabolic Dysregulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2154-2166. [PMID: 35453151 PMCID: PMC9282365 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is increasing in prevalence in parallel with rising rates of obesity worldwide. Obesity is recognized as a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of breast cancer; however, this association varies considerably by clinicopathologic features, and the underlying mechanisms are complex. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pubmed literature search using combinations of "obesity," "breast cancer risk," "diet," "exercise," "weight gain," "weight loss," "adipose tissue inflammation," "crown-like structure," "immune markers," "metformin," "gliflozins," "SGLT-2i," "GLP1-RA," and related terms. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Elevated body mass index and weight gain are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that adverse measures of body composition in individuals of any weight can also confer increased breast cancer risk. Mechanistically, various factors including altered adipokine balance, dysfunctional adipose tissue, dysregulated insulin signaling, and chronic inflammation contribute to tumorigenesis. Weight loss and more specifically fat mass loss through lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions improve serum metabolic and inflammatory markers, sex hormone levels, and measures of breast density, suggesting a link to decreased breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Incorporating markers of metabolic health and body composition measures with body mass index can capture breast cancer risk more comprehensively. Further studies of interventions targeting body fat levels are needed to curb the growing prevalence of obesity-related cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neil M Iyengar
- Correspondence: Neil Iyengar, MD, Associate Attending, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center, 300 East 66th Street | New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao J, McGill JR, Nasir A, Lekan A, Johnson B, Wilkins DJ, Pearson GW, Tanner K, Goodarzi H, Glasgow E, Schlegel R, Agarwal S. Identifying drivers of breast cancer metastasis in progressively invasive subpopulations of zebrafish-xenografted MDA-MB-231. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:16. [PMID: 35614362 PMCID: PMC9133282 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of the high mortality rate among human cancers. Efforts to identify therapeutic agents targeting cancer metastasis frequently fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials despite strong preclinical evidence. Until recently, most preclinical studies used mouse models to evaluate anti-metastatic agents. Mouse models are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, an important drawback is that mouse models inadequately model the early stages of metastasis which plausibly leads to the poor correlation with clinical outcomes. Here, we report an in vivo model based on xenografted zebrafish embryos where we select for progressively invasive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A subpopulation analogous to circulating tumor cells found in human cancers was selected by injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into the yolk sacs of 2 days post-fertilized zebrafish embryos and selecting cells that migrated to the tail. The selected subpopulation derived from MDA-MB-231 cells were increasingly invasive in zebrafish. Isolation of these subpopulations and propagation in vitro revealed morphological changes consistent with activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Differential gene analysis and knockdown of genes identified gene-candidates (DDIT4, MT1X, CTSD, and SERPINE1) as potential targets for anti-metastasis therapeutics. Furthermore, RNA-splicing analysis reinforced the importance of BIRC5 splice variants in breast cancer metastasis. This is the first report using zebrafish to isolate and expand progressively invasive populations of human cancer cells. The model has potential applications in understanding the metastatic process, identification and/or development of therapeutics that specifically target metastatic cells and formulating personalized treatment strategies for individual cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph R McGill
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devan J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Prolactin coordinates with the ovarian steroids to orchestrate mammary development and lactation, culminating in nourishment and an increasingly appreciated array of other benefits for neonates. Its central activities in mammary epithelial growth and differentiation suggest that it plays a role(s) in breast cancer, but it has been challenging to identify its contributions, essential for incorporation into prevention and treatment approaches. Large prospective epidemiologic studies have linked higher prolactin exposure to increased risk, particularly for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, it has been more difficult to determine its actions and clinical consequences in established tumors. Here we review experimental data implicating multiple mechanisms by which prolactin may increase the risk of breast cancer. We then consider the evidence for role(s) of prolactin and its downstream signaling cascades in disease progression and treatment responses, and discuss how new approaches are beginning to illuminate the biology behind the seemingly conflicting epidemiologic and experimental studies of prolactin actions across diverse breast cancers.
Collapse
|
12
|
das Chagas PF, de Sousa GR, Veronez LC, Martins-da-Silva A, Corrêa CAP, Cruzeiro GAV, Nagano LFP, Queiroz RGDP, Marie SKN, Brandalise SR, Scrideli CA, Tone LG, Valera ET. Identification of ITPR1 as a Hub Gene of Group 3 Medulloblastoma and Coregulated Genes with Potential Prognostic Values. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:633-641. [PMID: 34822110 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Group 3 Medulloblastoma (Grp3-MB) is an aggressive molecular subtype with a high incidence of metastasis and deaths. In this study, were used an RNA sequencing data (RNA-Seq) from a Brazilian cohort of MBs to identify hub genes associated with the metastatic risk. Data validation were performed by using multiple large datasets from MBs (GSE85217, GSE37418, and EGAS00001001953). DESeq2 package in R software was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in our RNA-Seq data. The DEGs data were accessed to construct the modules/graphs of co-expression and to identify hub genes through Cytoscape platform. The coregulated genes were enriched by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was visualized by Cytoscape. The Kaplan-Meier plotter and ROC curves were used to validate the diagnostic and prognostic values of specific biomarkers identified through this model. We identified that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) as a downregulated hub gene, with a high diagnostic accuracy to Grp3-MBs and associated with tumor metastasis. In addition, we identified genes significantly correlated with ITPR1 that were associated with metastasis in Grp3-MB (ATP1A2, MTTL7A, and RGL1) and worst overall survival in MBs (ANTXR1 and RGL1). Our findings suggest that the ITPR1 hub gene is potentially involved in the metastatic process for Grp3-MB. Our data also provide evidence of targets that may serve as prognostic predictors and/or regulators for the metastatic process that maybe explored for further research of individualized therapy to Grp3-MBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ferreira das Chagas
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, 390014049-900, Brazil.
| | - Graziella Ribeiro de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, 390014049-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil
| | - Andrea Martins-da-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alves Pereira Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, 390014049-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis Fernando Peinado Nagano
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, 390014049-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomes de Paula Queiroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de SãoPaulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, 390014049-900, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, 390014049-900, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar B, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Maguire C, Jacobsen M, Temm CJ, Sandusky G, Nakshatri H. Bidirectional Regulatory Cross-Talk between Cell Context and Genomic Aberrations Shapes Breast Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1802-1817. [PMID: 34285086 PMCID: PMC8568628 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers are classified into five intrinsic subtypes and 10 integrative clusters based on gene expression patterns and genomic aberrations, respectively. Although the cell-of-origin, adaptive plasticity, and genomic aberrations shape dynamic transcriptomic landscape during cancer progression, how interplay between these three core elements governs obligatory steps for a productive cancer progression is unknown. Here, we used genetic ancestry-mapped immortalized breast epithelial cell lines generated from breast biopsies of healthy women that share gene expression profiles of luminal A, normal-like, and basal-like intrinsic subtypes of breast cancers and breast cancer relevant oncogenes to develop breast cancer progression model. Using flow cytometry, mammosphere growth, signaling pathway, DNA damage response, and in vivo tumorigenicity assays, we provide evidence that establishes cell context-dependent effects of oncogenes in conferring plasticity, self-renewal/differentiation, intratumor heterogeneity, and metastatic properties. In contrast, oncogenic aberrations, independent of cell context, shaped response to DNA damage-inducing agents. Collectively, this study reveals how the same set of genomic aberration can have distinct effects on tumor characteristics based on cell-of-origin of tumor and highlights the need to utilize multiple "normal" epithelial cell types to decipher oncogenic properties of a gene of interest. In addition, by creating multiple isogenic cell lines ranging from primary cells to metastatic variants, we provide resources to elucidate cell-intrinsic properties and cell-oncogene interactions at various stages of cancer progression. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings demonstrate that how an interplay between the normal cell type that encountered genomic aberrations and type of genomic aberration influences heterogeneity, self-renewal/differentiation, and tumor properties including propensity for metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Departments of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Calli Maguire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Max Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Constance J Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Departments of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dombroski JA, Hope JM, Sarna NS, King MR. Channeling the Force: Piezo1 Mechanotransduction in Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:2815. [PMID: 34831037 PMCID: PMC8616475 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, motivating research into identifying new methods of preventing cancer metastasis. Recently there has been increasing interest in understanding how cancer cells transduce mechanical forces into biochemical signals, as metastasis is a process that consists of a wide range of physical forces. For instance, the circulatory system through which disseminating cancer cells must transit is an environment characterized by variable fluid shear stress due to blood flow. Cancer cells and other cells can transduce physical stimuli into biochemical responses using the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, which is activated by membrane deformations that occur when cells are exposed to physical forces. When active, Piezo1 opens, allowing for calcium flux into the cell. Calcium, as a ubiquitous second-messenger cation, is associated with many signaling pathways involved in cancer metastasis, such as angiogenesis, cell migration, intravasation, and proliferation. In this review, we discuss the roles of Piezo1 in each stage of cancer metastasis in addition to its roles in immune cell activation and cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael R. King
- King Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.M.H.); (N.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kavarthapu R, Anbazhagan R, Dufau ML. Crosstalk between PRLR and EGFR/HER2 Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4685. [PMID: 34572912 PMCID: PMC8467304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB) signaling pathways activated by prolactin (PRL) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), have a major role in the mammary gland development and in the etiology of breast cancer, respectively. ER+ breast tumors comprise up to 75% of all breast cancers and 10% of these are HER2+. Elevated levels of PRLR in breast tumors, high circulating levels of PRL and increased expression of ERBB1/2 in patients that become resistant to endocrine therapy have shown to be associated with higher risk of cancer progression. In this review, we examine the role of crosstalk between PRLR and ERBB1/2 signaling pathways in the activation of unliganded ERα, cyclin-D1 and other oncogenic factors (MYC, FOS, JUN) in breast cancer. PRL/PRLR and EGF/EGFR induces phosphorylation of ERα through activation of MEK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. PRL in breast cancer cells via PRLR/JAK2 can also induce phosphorylation of ERBB2/HER2, which in turn activates the downstream RAS/MEK/ERK pathway required for ERα phosphorylation. EGFR, independent of PRL/PRLR, can activate STAT5 indirectly via c-SRC and drive the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and survival. The crosstalk between PRLR and HER2, where PRL induces HER2 signaling can be an alternative route for ERα activation to induce transcription of PRLR and other ER target genes. We believe that overexpression of EGFR/HER2 and PRLR in breast tumors could maximize the actions of their ligands, and further induce cell proliferation promoting malignancy. This could also explain the resistance to endocrine therapy resulting in tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria L. Dufau
- Section on Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.K.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schuler LA, Murdoch FE. Endogenous and Therapeutic Estrogens: Maestro Conductors of the Microenvironment of ER+ Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153725. [PMID: 34359625 PMCID: PMC8345134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) marks heterogeneous breast cancers which display a repertoire of somatic genomic mutations and an immune environment that differs from other breast cancer subtypes. These cancers also exhibit distinct biological behaviors; despite an overall better prognosis than HER2+ or triple negative breast cancers, disseminated dormant cells can lead to disease recurrence decades after the initial diagnosis and treatment. Estrogen is the best studied driver of these cancers, and antagonism or reduction of estrogen activity is the cornerstone of therapeutic approaches. In addition to reducing proliferation of ERα+ cancer cells, these treatments also alter signals to multiple other target cells in the environment, including immune cell subpopulations, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells via several distinct estrogen receptors. In this review, we update progress in our understanding of the stromal cells populating the microenvironments of primary and metastatic ER+ tumors, the effects of estrogen on tumor and stromal cells to modulate immune activity and the extracellular matrix, and net outcomes in experimental and clinical studies. We highlight new approaches that will illuminate the unique biology of these cancers, provide the foundation for developing new treatment and prevention strategies, and reduce mortality of this disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun X, Luo Z, Gong L, Tan X, Chen J, Liang X, Cai M. Identification of significant genes and therapeutic agents for breast cancer by integrated genomics. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2140-2154. [PMID: 34151730 PMCID: PMC8806825 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1931642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women; thus, more cancer prevention research is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to predict potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer and determine their molecular mechanisms using integrated bioinformatics. Summary data from a large genome-wide association study of breast cancer was derived from the UK Biobank. The gene expression profile of breast cancer was from the Oncomine database. We performed a network-wide association study and gene set enrichment analysis to identify the significant genes in breast cancer. Then, we performed Gene Ontology analysis using the STRING database and conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis using Cytoscape software. We verified our results using the Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis, PROgeneV2, and Human Protein Atlas databases. Connectivity map analysis was used to identify small-molecule compounds that are potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer. We identified 10 significant genes in breast cancer based on the gene expression profile and genome-wide association study. A total of 65 small-molecule compounds were found to be potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Liuyun Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Tan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grible JM, Zot P, Olex AL, Hedrick SE, Harrell JC, Woock AE, Idowu MO, Clevenger CV. The human intermediate prolactin receptor is a mammary proto-oncogene. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 33772010 PMCID: PMC7997966 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (hPRLr) are significantly involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. The intermediate hPRLr (hPRLrI) is an alternatively-spliced isoform, capable of stimulating cellular viability and proliferation. An analogous truncated mouse PRLr (mPRLr) was recently found to be oncogenic when co-expressed with wild-type mPRLr. The goal of this study was to determine if a similar transforming event occurs with the hPRLr in human breast epithelial cells and to better understand the mechanism behind such transformation. hPRLrL+I co-expression in MCF10AT cells resulted in robust in vivo and in vitro transformation, while hPRLrI knock-down in MCF7 cells significantly decreased in vitro malignant potential. hPRLrL+I heterodimers displayed greater stability than hPRLrL homodimers, and while being capable of activating Jak2, Ras, and MAPK, they were unable to induce Stat5a tyrosine phosphorylation. Both immunohistochemical breast cancer tissue microarray data and RNA sequencing analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) identified that higher hPRLrI expression associates with triple-negative breast cancer. These studies indicate the hPRLrI, when expressed alongside hPRLrL, participates in mammary transformation, and represents a novel oncogenic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Grible
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patricija Zot
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy L Olex
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shannon E Hedrick
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alicia E Woock
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael O Idowu
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Charles V Clevenger
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Progression to Metastasis of Solid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040717. [PMID: 33578666 PMCID: PMC7916396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
20
|
Wu Q, Yin G, Luo J, Zhang Y, Ai T, Tian J, Jin Y, Lei J, Liu S. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of SPINT1/2 in Breast Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665666. [PMID: 34381422 PMCID: PMC8351597 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling plays a plethora of roles in tumorigenesis and progression in many cancer types. As HGF activator inhibitors, serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz types 1 and 2 (SPINT1 and SPINT2) have been reported to be differentially expressed in breast cancer, but their prognostic significance and functioning mechanism remain unclear. METHODS In our study, multiple databases and bioinformatics tools were used to investigate SPINT1/2 expression profiles, prognostic significance, genetic alteration, methylation, and regulatory network in breast carcinoma. RESULTS SPINT1/2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer, and was relatively higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and node positive patients. Elevated SPINT1/2 expression was significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis. Genetic alterations and SPINT1/2 hypomethylation were observed. In breast carcinoma, SPINT1/2 were reciprocally correlated and shared common co-expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that their common co-expressed genes were primarily involved in regulating cell attachment and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the expression profiles, prognostic significance and potential roles of SPINT1/2 in breast carcinoma. These study results showed that the SPINT1/2 were potential prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobing Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Ai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Chongqing Kangxin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudi Jin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Lei
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchun Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Ras proteins mediate extracellular and cytoplasmic signaling networks via receptor tyrosine kinase. The Ras pathway induces activation of signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and apoptosis, metabolism, and motility. Although Ras mutations in breast cancer are not frequently reported, hyperactivation of Ras signaling plays an important role in breast cancer growth and progression. Oncogenic Ras activation occurs via loss of Ras GTPase-activating proteins, overexpression of growth factor receptor, and stimulation by various cytokines. Effective control of oncogenic Ras is one of the therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. The mechanisms of intracellular localization, activation, and signaling pathway of Ras in cancer have been used to develop therapeutic candidates. Recent studies have reported an effective therapy for breast cancer by inhibition of enzymes involved in the posttranslational modification of Ras, such as farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase 1, and anti-cancer therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Emerging targets involved in EGF-mediated Ras activity in breast cancer have shed new insight into Ras activation in breast cancer progression. These alternative mechanisms for Ras signaling pathway may suggest novel therapeutic approaches for targeting Ras in breast cancer. In spite of the difficulties in targeting Ras protein, important discoveries highlight the direct inhibition of Ras activity. Further studies may elucidate the effects of targeting Ras protein and the clinical relevance thereof.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mehrpour Layeghi S, Arabpour M, Esmaeili R, Naghizadeh MM, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J, Shakoori A. Evaluation of the potential role of long non-coding RNA LINC00961 in luminal breast cancer: a case-control and systems biology study. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:478. [PMID: 33024416 PMCID: PMC7531117 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Luminal subtype is the most common subgroup of breast cancer (BC), accounting for more than 70% of this cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs which play critical roles in diverse cellular processes. It is proved that dysregulation of them can contribute to the development of various cancers, including BC. LINC00961 was reported to be downregulated in several cancers, however, its expression level in BC remains largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible role of LINC00961 in luminal A and B subtypes of BC. Methods To obtain novel lncRNAs associated with different cancers and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) between BC tumor and normal tissues, Lnc2Cancer and GDC databases were used, respectively. After performing literature review, the expression level of the selected lncRNA (LINC00961) was evaluated in 79 luminal A and B BC specimens and adjacent non-cancerous tissues by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). LINC00961 expression was also evaluated in two luminal A BC cell lines, compared to a normal breast cell line. The comparison of the differences between tumor and adjacent non-tumor samples was performed by paired sample t-test. Moreover, correlation analysis between LINC00961 expression and clinicopathological features was performed using the chi-square, fisher exact, and independent t-test. In order to investigate the possible roles of LINC00961 in luminal A and B BC, different bioinformatics analyses such as functional annotation of the LINC00961 co-expressed genes and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks construction were also performed. Results LINC00961 was selected as a significant DElncRNA which had not been studied in BC. According to q-RT PCR assay, LINC00961 was downregulated in luminal BC tissues and cell lines. Its expression was correlated with smoking status and the age of menarche in luminal BC patients. Also, the results of the bioinformatics analysis were consistent with the data obtained from q-RT PCR assay. The final results indicated that LINC00961 might be involved in multiple cancer-associated pathways such as chemokine, Ras and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways, GPCR ligand binding, and signal transduction in luminal subtypes of BC. CDH5, GNG11, GNG8, SELL, S1PR1, CCL19, FYN, ACAN, CD3E, ACVRL1, CAV1, and PPARGC1A were identified as the top hub genes of the PPI networks across luminal subgroup. Conclusion Our findings suggested that LINC00961 was significantly downregulated in luminal A and B subtypes of BC. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis provided a basis for better identification of the potential role of LINC00961 in luminal subtype of BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mehrpour Layeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Medical Genetic Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Campbell KM, O'Leary KA, Rugowski DE, Mulligan WA, Barnell EK, Skidmore ZL, Krysiak K, Griffith M, Schuler LA, Griffith OL. A Spontaneous Aggressive ERα+ Mammary Tumor Model Is Driven by Kras Activation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1526-1537.e4. [PMID: 31390566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRL-PRL murine model, defined by mammary-selective transgenic rat prolactin ligand rPrl expression, establishes spontaneous ER+ mammary tumors in nulliparous females, mimicking the association between elevated prolactin (PRL) and risk for development of ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Whole-genome and exome sequencing in a discovery cohort (n = 5) of end-stage tumors revealed canonical activating mutations and copy number amplifications of Kras. The frequent mutations in this pathway were validated in an extension cohort, identifying activating Ras alterations in 79% of tumors (23 of 29). Transcriptome analyses over the course of oncogenesis revealed marked alterations associated with Ras activity in established tumors compared with preneoplastic tissues; in cell-intrinsic processes associated with mitosis, cell adhesion, and invasion; as well as in the surrounding tumor environment. These genomic analyses suggest that PRL induces a selective bottleneck for spontaneous Ras-driven tumors that may model a subset of aggressive clinical ER+ breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Campbell
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William A Mulligan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erica K Barnell
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Zachary L Skidmore
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kilannin Krysiak
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gupta GK, Collier AL, Lee D, Hoefer RA, Zheleva V, Siewertsz van Reesema LL, Tang-Tan AM, Guye ML, Chang DZ, Winston JS, Samli B, Jansen RJ, Petricoin EF, Goetz MP, Bear HD, Tang AH. Perspectives on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Treatment Strategies, Unmet Needs, and Potential Targets for Future Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2392. [PMID: 32846967 PMCID: PMC7565566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence or low expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for about 15% of breast cancer cases in the U.S., and is known for high relapse rates and poor overall survival (OS). Chemo-resistant TNBC is a genetically diverse, highly heterogeneous, and rapidly evolving disease that challenges our ability to individualize treatment for incomplete responders and relapsed patients. Currently, the frontline standard chemotherapy, composed of anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and taxanes, is commonly used to treat high-risk and locally advanced TNBC. Several FDA-approved drugs that target programmed cell death protein-1 (Keytruda) and programmed death ligand-1 (Tecentriq), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and/or antibody drug conjugates (Trodelvy) have shown promise in improving clinical outcomes for a subset of TNBC. These inhibitors that target key genetic mutations and specific molecular signaling pathways that drive malignant tumor growth have been used as single agents and/or in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens. Here, we review the current TNBC treatment options, unmet clinical needs, and actionable drug targets, including epidermal growth factor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) activation in TNBC. Supported by strong evidence in developmental, evolutionary, and cancer biology, we propose that the K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver, and SIAH is a new drug target, a therapy-responsive prognostic biomarker, and a major tumor vulnerability in TNBC. Since persistent K-RAS/SIAH/EGFR pathway activation endows TNBC tumor cells with chemo-resistance, aggressive dissemination, and early relapse, we hope to design an anti-SIAH-centered anti-K-RAS/EGFR targeted therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy to control and eradicate incurable TNBC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan K. Gupta
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
| | - Amber L. Collier
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33131, USA;
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Richard A. Hoefer
- Dorothy G. Hoefer Foundation, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA;
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Vasilena Zheleva
- Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America—Comprehensive Care and Research Center Phoenix, 14200 W Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA;
| | | | - Angela M. Tang-Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Mary L. Guye
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Sentara Surgery Specialists, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA
| | - David Z. Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, 1051 Loftis Boulevard, Suite 100, Newport News, VA 23606, USA;
| | - Janet S. Winston
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Billur Samli
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Rick J. Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Departments of Oncology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE), Women’s Cancer Program, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Amy H. Tang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dissemination of Ras V12-transformed cells requires the mechanosensitive channel Piezo. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3568. [PMID: 32678085 PMCID: PMC7366633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of transformed cells is a key process in metastasis. Despite its importance, how transformed cells disseminate from an intact tissue and enter the circulation is poorly understood. Here, we use a fully developed tissue, Drosophila midgut, and describe the morphologically distinct steps and the cellular events occurring over the course of RasV12-transformed cell dissemination. Notably, RasV12-transformed cells formed the Actin- and Cortactin-rich invasive protrusions that were important for breaching the extracellular matrix (ECM) and visceral muscle. Furthermore, we uncovered the essential roles of the mechanosensory channel Piezo in orchestrating dissemination of RasV12-transformed cells. Collectively, our study establishes an in vivo model for studying how transformed cells migrate out from a complex tissue and provides unique insights into the roles of Piezo in invasive cell behavior. Drosophila tumours can be utilised to study the mechanisms of cell dissemination. Here, the authors use Drosophila midgut to examine the course of RasV12-transformed cell dissemination from midgut into circulation, which requires the actions of invasive protrusions and the mechanosensitive channel Piezo.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ras and Wnt Interaction Contribute in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102380. [PMID: 32443915 PMCID: PMC7287876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancer types in men, which causes more than three-hundred thousand cancer death each year. At late stage of PCa progression, bone marrow is the most often metastatic site that constitutes almost 70% of metastatic cases of the PCa population. However, the characteristic for the osteo-philic property of PCa is still puzzling. Recent studies reported that the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways are pivotal in bone metastasis and that take parts in different cytological changes, but their crosstalk is not well studied. In this review, we focused on interactions between the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways during each stage of bone metastasis and present the fate of those interactions. This review contributes insights that can guide other researchers by unveiling more details with regard to bone metastasis and might also help in finding potential therapeutic regimens for preventing PCa bone metastasis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lewis K, Kiepas A, Hudson J, Senecal J, Ha JR, Voorand E, Annis MG, Sabourin V, Ahn R, La Selva R, Tabariès S, Hsu BE, Siegel MJ, Dankner M, Canedo EC, Lajoie M, Watson IR, Brown CM, Siegel PM, Ursini-Siegel J. p66ShcA functions as a contextual promoter of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:7. [PMID: 31941526 PMCID: PMC6964019 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-1245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The p66ShcA redox protein is the longest isoform of the Shc1 gene and is variably expressed in breast cancers. In response to a variety of stress stimuli, p66ShcA becomes phosphorylated on serine 36, which allows it to translocate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria where it stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conflicting studies suggest both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions for p66ShcA, which prompted us to examine the contribution of tumor cell-intrinsic functions of p66ShcA during breast cancer metastasis. Methods We tested whether p66ShcA impacts the lung-metastatic ability of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cells characteristic of the ErbB2+/luminal (NIC) or basal (4T1) subtypes were engineered to overexpress p66ShcA. In addition, lung-metastatic 4T1 variants (4T1-537) were engineered to lack endogenous p66ShcA via Crispr/Cas9 genomic editing. p66ShcA null cells were then reconstituted with wild-type p66ShcA or a mutant (S36A) that cannot translocate to the mitochondria, thereby lacking the ability to stimulate mitochondrial-dependent ROS production. These cells were tested for their ability to form spontaneous metastases from the primary site or seed and colonize the lung in experimental (tail vein) metastasis assays. These cells were further characterized with respect to their migration rates, focal adhesion dynamics, and resistance to anoikis in vitro. Finally, their ability to survive in circulation and seed the lungs of mice was assessed in vivo. Results We show that p66ShcA increases the lung-metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by augmenting their ability to navigate each stage of the metastatic cascade. A non-phosphorylatable p66ShcA-S36A mutant, which cannot translocate to the mitochondria, still potentiated breast cancer cell migration, lung colonization, and growth of secondary lung metastases. However, breast cancer cell survival in the circulation uniquely required an intact p66ShcA S36 phosphorylation site. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence that both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial p66ShcA pools collaborate in breast cancer cells to promote their maximal metastatic fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lewis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jesse Hudson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julien Senecal
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline R Ha
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elena Voorand
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Valerie Sabourin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ryuhjin Ahn
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rachel La Selva
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian E Hsu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Matthew Dankner
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Eduardo Cepeda Canedo
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lajoie
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Ian R Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, West, Room 513, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 Maisonneuve Blvd West, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hwang KT, Kim BH, Oh S, Park SY, Jung J, Kim J, Choi IS, Jeon SY, Kim WY. Prognostic Role of KRAS mRNA Expression in Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2019; 22:548-561. [PMID: 31897329 PMCID: PMC6933029 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the prognostic role of KRAS mRNA expression in breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases. Methods Clinical and biological data of 1,093 breast cancers from TCGA database and 1,904 breast cancers from METABRIC database were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were determined. Results The group with high KRAS mRNA expression showed worse survival than the group with low KRAS mRNA expression regarding both OS (p = 0.012 in TCGA, p < 0.001 in METABRIC) and BCSS (p = 0.001 in METABRIC). According to multivariate analysis, the level of KRAS mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor in both TCGA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.570; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.026–2.403; p = 0.038) and METABRIC (HR, 1.254; 95% CI, 1.087–1.446; p = 0.002) databases. The prognostic impact of mRNA expression was effective only for luminal A subtype (p < 0.001 in METABRIC). Positive correlation was observed between mRNA expression and copy number alteration (CNA) (r = 0.577, p < 0.001 in TCGA; ρ = 0.343, p < 0.001 in METABRIC). Methylation showed negative correlations with both mRNA expression and CNA (r = −0.272, p < 0.001 in TCGA). The expression of mRNA had little association with the mutation status in breast cancers, having a mutation frequency of approximately 0.6%. Conclusion KRAS mRNA expression was significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis. It was found to be an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. Prognostic role of KRAS mRNA expression was effective only in luminal A subtype. Further studies are needed to validate the prognostic role of KRAS mRNA expression in breast cancer, thus paving a way for clinical application of KRAS in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Tae Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Hyuck Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongjin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of RAS isoforms leads tumor initiation and progression in many types of cancers and is gaining increasing interest as target for novel therapeutic strategies. In sharp contrast with other types of cancer, the importance of RAS in breast tumorigenesis has long been undermined by the low frequency of its oncogenic mutation in human breast lesions. Nevertheless, a wealth of studies over the last years have revealed how the engagement of RAS function might be mandatory downstream varied oncogenic alterations for the progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance in breast cancers. We review herein the major studies over the last three decades which have explored the controversial role of RAS proteins and their mutation status in breast tumorigenesis and have contributed to reveal their role as supporting actors, instead of as primary cause, in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang JJ, Huang YQ, Song W, Li YF, Wang H, Wang WJ, Huang M. Comprehensive analysis of the lncRNA‑associated competing endogenous RNA network in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2572-2582. [PMID: 31638237 PMCID: PMC6826329 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be potential prognostic markers in a variety of cancers and to interact with microRNAs (miRNAs) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate target gene expression. However, the role of lncRNA‑mediated ceRNAs in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In the present study, a ceRNA network was generated to explore their role in BC. The expression profiles of mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs in 1,109 BC tissues and 113 normal breast tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). A total of 3,198 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 150 differentially DEmiRNAs and 1,043 DElncRNAs were identified between BC and normal tissues. A lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network associated with BC was successfully constructed based on the combined data obtained from RNA databases, and comprised 97 lncRNA nodes, 24 miRNA nodes and 74 mRNA nodes. The biological functions of the 74 DEmRNAs were further investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The results demonstrated that the DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in two GO biological process categories; the main biological process enriched term was 'positive regulation of GTPase activity'. By KEGG analysis, four key enriched pathways were obtained, including the 'MAPK signaling pathway', the 'Ras signaling pathway', 'prostate cancer', and the 'FoxO signaling pathway'. Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis revealed that six DElncRNAs (INC AC112721.1, LINC00536, MIR7‑3HG, ADAMTS9‑AS1, AL356479.1 and LINC00466), nine DEmRNAs (KPNA2, RACGAP1, SHCBP1, ZNF367, NTRK2, ORS1, PTGS2, RASGRP1 and SFRP1) and two DEmiRNAs (hsa‑miR‑301b and hsa‑miR‑204) had significant effects on overall survival in BC. The present results demonstrated the aberrant expression of INC AC112721.1, AL356479.1, LINC00466 and MIR7‑3HG in BC, indicating their potential prognostic role in patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining Cancer Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio‑Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bai J, Zhang X, Kang X, Jin L, Wang P, Wang Z. Screening of core genes and pathways in breast cancer development via comprehensive analysis of multi gene expression datasets. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5821-5830. [PMID: 31788055 PMCID: PMC6865771 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. Perturbation of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression is generally considered as the fundamental cause of cancer initiation and progression. In the present study, three gene expression datasets containing information of breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues that were detected using traditional gene microarrays were downloaded and batch effects were removed with R programming software. The differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and normal tissue groups were closely associated with cancer development pathways. Interestingly, five pathways, including ‘extracellular matrix-receptor interaction’, ‘peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway’, ‘propanoate metabolism’, ‘pyruvate metabolism’ and ‘regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes’, were thoroughly connected by 10 genes. Patients with upregulation of six of these hub genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase β, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain, adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing, acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 and perilipin 1) exhibited improved breast cancer prognosis. Additionally, breast cancer-specific network analysis identified several gene-gene interaction modules. These gene clusters had strong interactions according to the scoring in the whole network, which may be important to the development of breast cancer. In conclusion, the present study may improve the understanding of the mechanisms of breast cancer and provide several valuable prognosis and treatment signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Kang
- Department of Ultrasound II, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Hahn YI, Yoon HJ, Han B, Kim K, Lee S, Kim KP, Suh YG, Na HK, Surh YJ. 15-Keto prostaglandin E 2 suppresses STAT3 signaling and inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101175. [PMID: 31129031 PMCID: PMC6859578 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been linked to enhanced tumor cell proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis as well as resistance to apoptosis. 15-Keto prostaglandin E2 (15-keto PGE2), a product formed from 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of PGE2, has recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. In this study, we observed that 15-keto PGE2 suppressed the phosphorylation, dimerization and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in human mammary epithelial cells transfected with H-ras (MCF10A-ras). 15-Keto PGE2 inhibited the migration and clonogenicity of MCF10A-ras cells. In addition, subcutaneous injection of 15-keto PGE2 attenuated xenograft tumor growth and phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. However, a non-electrophilic analogue, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 failed to inhibit STAT3 signaling and was unable to suppress the growth and transformation of MCF10A-ras cells. These findings suggest that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of 15-keto PGE2 is essential for its suppression of STAT3 signaling. We observed that the thiol reducing agent, dithiothreitol abrogated 15-keto PGE2-induced STAT3 inactivation and disrupted the direct interaction between 15-keto PGE2 and STAT3. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis suggested that Cys251 and Cys259 residues of STAT3 could be preferential binding sites for this lipid mediator. Mass spectral analysis revealed the covalent modification of recombinant STAT3 by 15-keto PGE2 at Cys259. Taken together, thiol modification of STAT3 by 15-keto PGE2 inactivates STAT3 which may account for its suppression of breast cancer cell proliferation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Il Hahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Yoon
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Bitnara Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Kyeojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, South Korea
| | - Young Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin Women's University, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Seoul 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choi J, Park S, Yoon Y, Ahn J. Improved prediction of breast cancer outcome by identifying heterogeneous biomarkers. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:3619-3626. [PMID: 28961949 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Identification of genes that can be used to predict prognosis in patients with cancer is important in that it can lead to improved therapy, and can also promote our understanding of tumor progression on the molecular level. One of the common but fundamental problems that render identification of prognostic genes and prediction of cancer outcomes difficult is the heterogeneity of patient samples. Results To reduce the effect of sample heterogeneity, we clustered data samples using K-means algorithm and applied modified PageRank to functional interaction (FI) networks weighted using gene expression values of samples in each cluster. Hub genes among resulting prioritized genes were selected as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of samples. This process outperformed traditional feature selection methods as well as several network-based prognostic gene selection methods when applied to Random Forest. We were able to find many cluster-specific prognostic genes for each dataset. Functional study showed that distinct biological processes were enriched in each cluster, which seems to reflect different aspect of tumor progression or oncogenesis among distinct patient groups. Taken together, these results provide support for the hypothesis that our approach can effectively identify heterogeneous prognostic genes, and these are complementary to each other, improving prediction accuracy. Availability and implementation https://github.com/mathcom/CPR. Contact jgahn@inu.ac.kr. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Choi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Yoon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegyoon Ahn
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, The Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shah S, Brock EJ, Ji K, Mattingly RR. Ras and Rap1: A tale of two GTPases. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 54:29-39. [PMID: 29621614 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ras oncoproteins play pivotal roles in both the development and maintenance of many tumor types. Unfortunately, these proteins are difficult to directly target using traditional pharmacological strategies, in part due to their lack of obvious binding pockets or allosteric sites. This obstacle has driven a considerable amount of research into pursuing alternative ways to effectively inhibit Ras, examples of which include inducing mislocalization to prevent Ras maturation and inactivating downstream proteins in Ras-driven signaling pathways. Ras proteins are archetypes of a superfamily of small GTPases that play specific roles in the regulation of many cellular processes, including vesicle trafficking, nuclear transport, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and cell cycle progression. Several other superfamily members have also been linked to the control of normal and cancer cell growth and survival. For example, Rap1 has high sequence similarity to Ras, has overlapping binding partners, and has been demonstrated to both oppose and mimic Ras-driven cancer phenotypes. Rap1 plays an important role in cell adhesion and integrin function in a variety of cell types. Mechanistically, Ras and Rap1 cooperate to initiate and sustain ERK signaling, which is activated in many malignancies and is the target of successful therapeutics. Here we review the role activated Rap1 in ERK signaling and other downstream pathways to promote invasion and cell migration and metastasis in various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Shah
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ethan J Brock
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Identification of circular RNAs as a promising new class of diagnostic biomarkers for human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44096-44107. [PMID: 28484086 PMCID: PMC5546465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous noncoding circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained attention for their involvement in carcinogenesis, but their expression pattern in breast cancer has remained largely unknown. In this two-stage study, we first used an Arraystar Human circRNA Array to construct a genome-wide circRNA profile. We then selected candidate circRNAs for validation using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction system. CircRNA/miRNA interactions were predicted and sequence analyses were performed. Among 1155 differentially expressed circRNAs, 715 were upregulated and 440 were downregulated in breast cancer tissues. The validation study demonstrated that hsa_circ_103110, hsa_circ_104689 and hsa_circ_104821 levels were elevated in breast cancer tissues, whereas hsa_circ_006054, hsa_circ_100219 and hsa_circ_406697 were downregulated. These circRNAs targeted complementary miRNA response elements. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing breast cancer was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90) when hsa_circ_006054, hsa_circ_100219 and hsa_circ_406697 were used in combination. This study provides evidence that circRNAs are differentially expressed in breast cancer and are important in carcinogenesis because they participate in cancer-related pathways and sequester miRNAs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hollern DP, Swiatnicki MR, Andrechek ER. Histological subtypes of mouse mammary tumors reveal conserved relationships to human cancers. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007135. [PMID: 29346386 PMCID: PMC5773092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer has been characterized by extensive transcriptional heterogeneity, with dominant patterns reflected in the intrinsic subtypes. Mouse models of breast cancer also have heterogeneous transcriptomes and we noted that specific histological subtypes were associated with particular subsets. We hypothesized that unique sets of genes define each tumor histological type across mouse models of breast cancer. Using mouse models that contained both gene expression data and expert pathologist classification of tumor histology on a sample by sample basis, we predicted and validated gene expression signatures for Papillary, EMT, Microacinar and other histological subtypes. These signatures predict known histological events across murine breast cancer models and identify counterparts of mouse mammary tumor types in subtypes of human breast cancer. Importantly, the EMT, Adenomyoepithelial, and Solid signatures were predictive of clinical events in human breast cancer. In addition, a pan-cancer comparison revealed that the histological signatures were active in a variety of human cancers such as lung, oral, and esophageal squamous tumors. Finally, the differentiation status and transcriptional activity implicit within these signatures was identified. These data reveal that within tumor histology groups are unique gene expression profiles of differentiation and pathway activity that stretch well beyond the transgenic initiating events and that have clear applicability to human cancers. As a result, our work provides a predictive resource and insights into possible mechanisms that govern tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Swiatnicki
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Eran R. Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu R, Zhang W, Liu ZQ, Zhou HH. Gene modules associated with breast cancer distant metastasis-free survival in the PAM50 molecular subtypes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21686-98. [PMID: 26934123 PMCID: PMC5008315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify PAM50 subtype–specific associations between distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in breast cancer (BC) patients and gene modules describing potentially targetable oncogenic pathways, a comprehensive analysis evaluating the prognostic efficacy of published gene signatures in 2027 BC patients from 13 studies was conducted. We calculated 21 gene modules and computed hazard ratios (HRs) for DMFS for one-unit increases in module score, with and without adjustment for clinical characteristics. By comparing gene expression to survival outcomes, we derived four subtype-specific prognostic signatures for BC. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that in the luminal A subgroup, E2F3, PTEN and GGI gene module scores were associated with clinical outcome. In the luminal B tumors, RAS was associated with DMFS and in the basal-like tumors, ER was associated with DMFS. Our defined gene modules predicted high-risk patients in multivariate analyses for the basal-like (HR: 2.19, p=2.5×10−4), luminal A (HR: 3.03, p=7.2×10−5), luminal B (HR: 3.00, p=2.4×10−10) and HER2+ (HR: 5.49, p=9.7×10−10) subgroups. We found that different modules are associated with DMFS in different BC subtypes. The results of this study could help to identify new therapeutic strategies for specific molecular subgroups of BC, and could enhance efforts to improve patient-specific therapy options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
LncSubpathway: a novel approach for identifying dysfunctional subpathways associated with risk lncRNAs by integrating lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles and pathway topologies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15453-15469. [PMID: 28152521 PMCID: PMC5362499 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes, including the development of many diseases. Pathway analysis is a valuable aid for understanding the cellular functions of these transcripts. We have developed and characterized LncSubpathway, a novel method that integrates lncRNA and protein coding gene (PCG) expression with interactome data to identify disease risk subpathways that functionally associated with risk lncRNAs. LncSubpathway identifies the most relevance regions which are related with risk lncRNA set and implicated with study conditions through simultaneously considering the dysregulation extent of lncRNAs, PCGs and their correlations. Simulation studies demonstrated that the sensitivity and false positive rates of LncSubpathway were within acceptable ranges, and that LncSubpathway could accurately identify dysregulated regions that related with disease risk lncRNAs within pathways. When LncSubpathway was applied to colorectal carcinoma and breast cancer subtype datasets, it identified cancer type- and breast cancer subtype-related meaningful subpathways. Further, analysis of its robustness and reproducibility indicated that LncSubpathway was a reliable means of identifying subpathways that functionally associated with lncRNAs. LncSubpathway is freely available at http://www.bio-bigdata.com/lncSubpathway/.
Collapse
|
39
|
Suárez-Cabrera C, Quintana RM, Bravo A, Casanova ML, Page A, Alameda JP, Paramio JM, Maroto A, Salamanca J, Dupuy AJ, Ramírez A, Navarro M. A Transposon-based Analysis Reveals RASA1 Is Involved in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1357-1368. [PMID: 28108518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RAS genes are mutated in 20% of human tumors, but these mutations are very rare in breast cancer. Here, we used a mouse model to generate tumors upon activation of a mutagenic T2Onc2 transposon via expression of a transposase driven by the keratin K5 promoter in a p53+/- background. These animals mainly developed mammary tumors, most of which had transposon insertions in one of two RASGAP genes, neurofibromin1 (Nf1) and RAS p21 protein activator (Rasa1). Immunohistochemical analysis of a collection of human breast tumors confirmed that low expression of RASA1 is frequent in basal (triple-negative) and estrogen receptor negative tumors. Bioinformatic analysis of human breast tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that although RASA1 mutations are rare, allelic loss is frequent, particularly in basal tumors (80%) and in association with TP53 mutation. Inactivation of RASA1 in MCF10A cells resulted in the appearance of a malignant phenotype in the context of mutated p53. Our results suggest that alterations in the Ras pathway due to the loss of negative regulators of RAS may be a common event in basal breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1357-68. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Suárez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita M Quintana
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Maroto
- Department of Pathology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Salamanca
- Department of Pathology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Angel Ramírez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Breast cancer in neurofibromatosis type 1: overrepresentation of unfavourable prognostic factors. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:211-217. [PMID: 27931045 PMCID: PMC5243991 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An increased breast cancer incidence and poor survival have been reported for women with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). To explain the poor survival, we aimed to link the histopathology and clinical characteristics of NF1-associated breast cancers. Methods: The Finnish Cancer Registry and the Finnish NF Registry were cross-referenced to identify the NF1 patients with breast cancer. Archival NF1 breast cancer specimens were retrieved for histopathological typing and compared with matched controls. Results: A total of 32 breast cancers were diagnosed in 1404 NF1 patients during the follow-up. Women with NF1 had an estimated lifetime risk of 18.0% for breast cancer, and this is nearly two-fold compared with that of the general Finnish female population (9.74%). The 26 successfully retrieved archival NF1 breast tumours were more often associated with unfavourable prognostic factors, such as oestrogen and progesterone receptor negativity and HER2 amplification. However, survival was worse in the NF1 group (P=0.053) even when compared with the control group matched for age, diagnosis year, gender and oestrogen receptor status. Scrutiny of The Cancer Genome Atlas data set showed that NF1 mutations and deletions were associated with similar characteristics in the breast cancers of the general population. Conclusions: These results emphasise the role of the NF1 gene in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and a need for active follow-up for breast cancer in women with NF1.
Collapse
|
41
|
Blaas L, Pucci F, Messal HA, Andersson AB, Ruiz EJ, Gerling M, Douagi I, Spencer-Dene B, Musch A, Mitter R, Bhaw L, Stone R, Bornhorst D, Sesay AK, Jonkers J, Stamp G, Malanchi I, Toftgård R, Behrens A. Lgr6 labels a rare population of mammary gland progenitor cells that are able to originate luminal mammary tumours. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1346-1356. [PMID: 27798604 PMCID: PMC5812439 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is composed of a complex cellular hierarchy with unusual postnatal plasticity. The identities of stem/progenitor cell populations, as well as tumour-initiating cells that give rise to breast cancer, are incompletely understood. Here we show that Lgr6 marks rare populations of cells in both basal and luminal mammary gland compartments in mice. Lineage tracing analysis showed that Lgr6+ cells are unipotent progenitors, which expand clonally during puberty but diminish in adulthood. In pregnancy or following stimulation with ovarian hormones, adult Lgr6+ cells regained proliferative potency and their progeny formed alveoli over repeated pregnancies. Oncogenic mutations in Lgr6+ cells resulted in expansion of luminal cells, culminating in mammary gland tumours. Conversely, depletion of Lgr6+ cells in the MMTV-PyMT model of mammary tumorigenesis significantly impaired tumour growth. Thus, Lgr6 marks mammary gland progenitor cells that can initiate tumours, and cells of luminal breast tumours required for efficient tumour maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leander Blaas
- Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Fabio Pucci
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Hendrik A. Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Agneta B. Andersson
- Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - E. Josue Ruiz
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Marco Gerling
- Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Alexandra Musch
- Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Leena Bhaw
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Richard Stone
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Dorothee Bornhorst
- Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abdul K. Sesay
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour-Stroma Interactions in Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
| | - Rune Toftgård
- Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT,UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
van Reesema LLS, Zheleva V, Winston JS, Jansen RJ, O'Connor CF, Isbell AJ, Bian M, Qin R, Bassett PT, Hinson VJ, Dorsch KA, Kirby BW, Van Sciver RE, Tang-Tan AM, Harden EA, Chang DZ, Allen CA, Perry RR, Hoefer RA, Tang AH. SIAH and EGFR, Two RAS Pathway Biomarkers, are Highly Prognostic in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:183-198. [PMID: 27569656 PMCID: PMC5049993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer exhibits diverse and rapidly evolving intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Patients with similar clinical presentations often display distinct tumor responses to standard of care (SOC) therapies. Genome landscape studies indicate that EGFR/HER2/RAS "pathway" activation is highly prevalent in malignant breast cancers. The identification of therapy-responsive and prognostic biomarkers is paramount important to stratify patients and guide therapies in clinical oncology and personalized medicine. METHODS In this study, we analyzed matched pairs of tumor specimens collected from 182 patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapies (NST). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine whether EGFR/HER2/RAS pathway biomarkers and clinicopathological predictors, alone and in combination, are prognostic in breast cancer. FINDINGS SIAH and EGFR outperform ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 as two logical, sensitive and prognostic biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer. We found that increased SIAH and EGFR expression correlated with advanced pathological stage and aggressive molecular subtypes. Both SIAH expression post-NST and NST-induced changes in EGFR expression in invasive mammary tumors are associated with tumor regression and increased survival, whereas ER, PR, and HER2 were not. These results suggest that SIAH and EGFR are two prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer with lymph node metastases. INTERPRETATION The discovery of incorporating tumor heterogeneity-independent and growth-sensitive RAS pathway biomarkers, SIAH and EGFR, whose altered expression can be used to estimate therapeutic efficacy, detect emergence of resistant clones, forecast tumor regression, differentiate among partial responders, and predict patient survival in the neoadjuvant setting, has a clear clinical implication in personalizing breast cancer therapy. FUNDING This work was supported by the Dorothy G. Hoefer Foundation for Breast Cancer Research (A.H. Tang); Center for Innovative Technology (CIT)-Commonwealth Research Commercialization Fund (CRCF) (MF14S-009-LS to A.H. Tang), and National Cancer Institute (CA140550 to A.H. Tang).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Siewertsz van Reesema
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Vasilena Zheleva
- Department of Surgery, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Janet S Winston
- Sentara Pathology and Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Rick J Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States
| | - Carolyn F O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Andrew J Isbell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Minglei Bian
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Patricia T Bassett
- Sentara Pathology and Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Virginia J Hinson
- Sentara Pathology and Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Kimberly A Dorsch
- Sentara Cancer Network, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States
| | - Brad W Kirby
- Sentara Cancer Network, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States
| | - Robert E Van Sciver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Angela M Tang-Tan
- Princess Anne High School, International Baccalaureate (IB) Gifted and Talented Program, 4400 Virginia Beach Boulevard, Virginia Beach, VA 23462, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Harden
- Dorothy G. Hoefer Comprehensive Breast Center, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States; Virginia Oncology Associates, 1051 Loftis Blvd, Suite 100, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
| | - David Z Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, 1051 Loftis Blvd, Suite 100, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
| | - Cynthia A Allen
- Sentara Cancer Network, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States
| | - Roger R Perry
- Department of Surgery, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Richard A Hoefer
- Sentara Cancer Network, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States; Dorothy G. Hoefer Comprehensive Breast Center, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States; Sentara CarePlex Hospital, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 235, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dirican E, Akkiprik M, Özer A. Mutation distributions and clinical correlations of PIK3CA gene mutations in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7033-45. [PMID: 26921096 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cancer and the second cause of death among women. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has a crucial role in the cellular processes such as cell survival, growth, division, and motility. Moreover, oncogenic mutations in the PI3K pathway generally involve the activation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutation which has been identified in numerous BCa subtypes. In this review, correlations between PIK3CA mutations and their clinicopathological parameters on BCa will be described. It is reported that PIK3CA mutations which have been localized mostly on exon 9 and 20 hot spots are detected 25-40 % in BCa. This relatively high frequency can offer an advantage for choosing the best treatment options for BCa. PIK3CA mutations may be used as biomarkers and have been major focus of drug development in cancer with the first clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors currently in progress. Screening of PIK3CA gene mutations might be useful genetic tests for targeted therapeutics or diagnosis. Increasing data about PIK3CA mutations and its clinical correlations with BCa will help to introduce new clinical applications in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük Mah., Maltepe Başıbüyük Yolu Sok., No: 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkiprik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük Mah., Maltepe Başıbüyük Yolu Sok., No: 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Özer
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük Mah., Maltepe Başıbüyük Yolu Sok., No: 9/1, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|