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Zwanenburg A, Price G, Löck S. Artificial intelligence for response prediction and personalisation in radiation oncology. Strahlenther Onkol 2024:10.1007/s00066-024-02281-z. [PMID: 39212687 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems may personalise radiotherapy by assessing complex and multifaceted patient data and predicting tumour and normal tissue responses to radiotherapy. Here we describe three distinct generations of AI systems, namely personalised radiotherapy based on pretreatment data, response-driven radiotherapy and dynamically optimised radiotherapy. Finally, we discuss the main challenges in clinical translation of AI systems for radiotherapy personalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zwanenburg
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr. 74, PF 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Germany:, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gareth Price
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr. 74, PF 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Patil S, Ahmed A, Viossat Y, Noble R. Preventing evolutionary rescue in cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.22.568336. [PMID: 38045391 PMCID: PMC10690287 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
First-line cancer treatment frequently fails due to initially rare therapeutic resistance. An important clinical question is then how to schedule subsequent treatments to maximize the probability of tumour eradication. Here, we provide a theoretical solution to this problem by using mathematical analysis and extensive stochastic simulations within the framework of evolutionary rescue theory to determine how best to exploit the vulnerability of small tumours to stochastic extinction. Whereas standard clinical practice is to wait for evidence of relapse, we confirm a recent hypothesis that the optimal time to switch to a second treatment is when the tumour is close to its minimum size before relapse, when it is likely undetectable. This optimum can lie slightly before or slightly after the nadir, depending on tumour parameters. Given that this exact time point may be difficult to determine in practice, we study windows of high extinction probability that lie around the optimal switching point, showing that switching after the relapse has begun is typically better than switching too early. We further reveal how treatment dose and tumour demographic and evolutionary parameters influence the predicted clinical outcome, and we determine how best to schedule drugs of unequal efficacy. Our work establishes a foundation for further experimental and clinical investigation of this evolutionarily-informed "extinction therapy" strategy.
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3
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Shultes PV, Weaver DT, Tadele DS, Barker-Clarke RJ, Scott JG. Cell-cell fusion in cancer: The next cancer hallmark? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 175:106649. [PMID: 39186970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the role of cell-cell fusion in cancer development and progression through an evolutionary lens. We begin by summarizing the origins of fusion proteins (fusogens), of which there are many distinct classes that have evolved through convergent evolution. We then use an evolutionary framework to highlight how the persistence of fusion over generations and across different organisms can be attributed to traits that increase fitness secondary to fusion; these traits map well to the expanded hallmarks of cancer. By studying the tumor microenvironment, we can begin to identify the key selective pressures that may favor higher rates of fusion compared to healthy tissues. The paper concludes by discussing the increasing number of research questions surrounding fusion, recommendations for how to answer them, and the need for a greater interest in exploring cell fusion and evolutionary principles in oncology moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulameena V Shultes
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Davis T Weaver
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Dagim S Tadele
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rowan J Barker-Clarke
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Jacob G Scott
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; Physics Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
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4
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Casotti MC, Meira DD, Zetum ASS, Campanharo CV, da Silva DRC, Giacinti GM, da Silva IM, Moura JAD, Barbosa KRM, Altoé LSC, Mauricio LSR, Góes LSBDB, Alves LNR, Linhares SSG, Ventorim VDP, Guaitolini YM, dos Santos EDVW, Errera FIV, Groisman S, de Carvalho EF, de Paula F, de Sousa MVP, Fechine PBA, Louro ID. Integrating frontiers: a holistic, quantum and evolutionary approach to conquering cancer through systems biology and multidisciplinary synergy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1419599. [PMID: 39224803 PMCID: PMC11367711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1419599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is facing increasingly significant challenges, marked by a wide range of techniques and research efforts centered around somatic mutations, precision oncology, and the vast amount of big data. Despite this abundance of information, the quest to cure cancer often seems more elusive, with the "war on cancer" yet to deliver a definitive victory. A particularly pressing issue is the development of tumor treatment resistance, highlighting the urgent need for innovative approaches. Evolutionary, Quantum Biology and System Biology offer a promising framework for advancing experimental cancer research. By integrating theoretical studies, translational methods, and flexible multidisciplinary clinical research, there's potential to enhance current treatment strategies and improve outcomes for cancer patients. Establishing stronger links between evolutionary, quantum, entropy and chaos principles and oncology could lead to more effective treatments that leverage an understanding of the tumor's evolutionary dynamics, paving the way for novel methods to control and mitigate cancer. Achieving these objectives necessitates a commitment to multidisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration at the heart of both research and clinical endeavors in oncology. This entails dismantling silos between disciplines, encouraging open communication and data sharing, and integrating diverse viewpoints and expertise from the outset of research projects. Being receptive to new scientific discoveries and responsive to how patients react to treatments is also crucial. Such strategies are key to keeping the field of oncology at the forefront of effective cancer management, ensuring patients receive the most personalized and effective care. Ultimately, this approach aims to push the boundaries of cancer understanding, treating it as a manageable chronic condition, aiming to extend life expectancy and enhance patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Correia Casotti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Débora Dummer Meira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Maria Giacinti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Iris Moreira da Silva
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Diniz Moura
- Laboratório de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Karen Ruth Michio Barbosa
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lorena Souza Castro Altoé
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius do Prado Ventorim
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Moreto Guaitolini
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sonia Groisman
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paula
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Iuri Drumond Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
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5
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An G, Liu J, Lin T, He L, He Y. Global trends in research of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1392245. [PMID: 39015496 PMCID: PMC11249725 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1392245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the current research status, focus areas, and developmental trends in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) through a bibliometric analysis. Methods Articles focusing on NPC published from 2000 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric and visual analysis. Results A total of 14516 related publications were retrieved. There has been a steady increase in the number of NPC-related publications from 2000 to 2023. China was the dominant country in this field with 8948 papers (61.64%), followed by the USA (2234, 15.39%). Sun Yat-sen University was the most influential institution, while Ma J was the most prolific author. Furthermore, Head And Neck-journal For The Sciences And Specialties Of The Head And Neck was the most prolific journal. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics had the highest total citation counts. "Introduction chemotherapy", "Concurrent chemotherapy", "Epithelial-mesenchymal transition", "Cancer stem cells", "MicroRNAs", "LncRNA", "Exosomes", and "Biomarker" were the most common keywords. The reference "Chen YP, 2019, Lancet" had the highest citations and strong outbreak value. Conclusion The past two decades have witnessed a significant increase in research on NPC. The optimization of treatment mode is the most widely studied aspect at present. The mechanism of occurrence and development and the most favorable diagnostic and therapeutic targets are the research hotspots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin An
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lan He
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingchun He
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Spring BQ, Watanabe K, Ichikawa M, Mallidi S, Matsudaira T, Timerman D, Swain JWR, Mai Z, Wakimoto H, Hasan T. Red light-activated depletion of drug-refractory glioblastoma stem cells and chemosensitization of an acquired-resistant mesenchymal phenotype. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38922889 DOI: 10.1111/php.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are potent tumor initiators resistant to radiochemotherapy, and this subpopulation is hypothesized to re-populate the tumor milieu due to selection following conventional therapies. Here, we show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) treatment-a pro-fluorophore used for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery-leads to elevated levels of fluorophore conversion in patient-derived GSC cultures, and subsequent red light-activation induces apoptosis in both intrinsically temozolomide chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant GSC phenotypes. Red light irradiation of ALA-treated cultures also exhibits the ability to target mesenchymal GSCs (Mes-GSCs) with induced temozolomide resistance. Furthermore, sub-lethal light doses restore Mes-GSC sensitivity to temozolomide, abrogating GSC-acquired chemoresistance. These results suggest that ALA is not only useful for fluorescence-guided glioblastoma tumor resection, but that it also facilitates a GSC drug-resistance agnostic, red light-activated modality to mop up the surgical margins and prime subsequent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Q Spring
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon USA, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tatsuyuki Matsudaira
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitriy Timerman
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph W R Swain
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiming Mai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Brain Tumor Research Center and Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Ramisetty S, Subbalakshmi AR, Pareek S, Mirzapoiazova T, Do D, Prabhakar D, Pisick E, Shrestha S, Achuthan S, Bhattacharya S, Malhotra J, Mohanty A, Singhal SS, Salgia R, Kulkarni P. Leveraging Cancer Phenotypic Plasticity for Novel Treatment Strategies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3337. [PMID: 38893049 PMCID: PMC11172618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, like all other organisms, are adept at switching their phenotype to adjust to the changes in their environment. Thus, phenotypic plasticity is a quantitative trait that confers a fitness advantage to the cancer cell by altering its phenotype to suit environmental circumstances. Until recently, new traits, especially in cancer, were thought to arise due to genetic factors; however, it is now amply evident that such traits could also emerge non-genetically due to phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity in the population, which is a major impediment in treating the disease. Finally, plasticity also impacts the group behavior of cancer cells, since competition and cooperation among multiple clonal groups within the population and the interactions they have with the tumor microenvironment also contribute to the evolution of drug resistance. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that cancer cells exploit to tailor their phenotypes at a systems level can aid the development of novel cancer therapeutics and treatment strategies. Here, we present our perspective on a team medicine-based approach to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Ramisetty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Ayalur Raghu Subbalakshmi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Siddhika Pareek
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Dana Do
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Dhivya Prabhakar
- City of Hope Atlanta, 600 Celebrate Life Parkway, Newnan, GA 30265, USA;
| | - Evan Pisick
- City of Hope Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA;
| | - Sagun Shrestha
- City of Hope Phoenix, 14200 West Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA;
| | - Srisairam Achuthan
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Sharad S. Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (A.R.S.); (S.P.); (T.M.); (D.D.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (S.S.S.)
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Arora G, Bairagi N, Chatterjee S. A mathematical model to study low-dose metronomic scheduling for chemotherapy. Math Biosci 2024; 372:109186. [PMID: 38580078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy refers to the frequent administration of chemotherapeutic agents at a lower dose and presents an attractive alternative to conventional chemotherapy with encouraging response rates. However, the schedule of the therapy, including the dosage of the drug, is usually based on empiricism. The confounding effects of tumor-endothelial-immune interactions during metronomic administration of drugs have not yet been explored in detail, resulting in an incomplete assessment of drug dose and frequency evaluations. The present study aimed to gain a mechanistic understanding of different actions of metronomic chemotherapy using a mathematical model. We have established an analytical condition for determining the dosage and frequency of the drug depending on its clearance rate for complete tumor elimination. The model also brings forward the immune-mediated clearance of the tumor during the metronomic administration of the chemotherapeutic agent. The results from the global sensitivity analysis showed an increase in the sensitivity of drug and immune-mediated killing factors toward the tumor population during metronomic scheduling. Our results emphasize metronomic scheduling over the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and define a model-based approach for approximating the optimal schedule of drug administration to eliminate tumors while minimizing harm to the immune cells and the patient's body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garhima Arora
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Nandadulal Bairagi
- Department of Mathematics, Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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9
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Valcz G, Buzás EI, Gatenby RA, Újvári B, Molnár B. Small extracellular vesicles from surviving cancer cells as multiparametric monitoring tools of measurable residual disease and therapeutic efficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189088. [PMID: 38387823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Although conventional anti-cancer therapies remove most cells of the tumor mass, small surviving populations may evolve adaptive resistance strategies, which lead to treatment failure. The size of the resistant population initially may not reach the threshold of clinical detection (designated as measurable residual disease/MRD) thus, its investigation requires highly sensitive and specific methods. Here, we discuss that the specific molecular fingerprint of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is suitable for longitudinal monitoring of MRD. Furthermore, we present a concept that exploiting the multiparametric nature of sEVs may help early detection of recurrence and the design of dynamic, evolution-adjusted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- HUN-REN-SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Image Analysis, 3DHISTECH Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Edit I Buzás
- HUN-REN-SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Beáta Újvári
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Béla Molnár
- Department of Image Analysis, 3DHISTECH Ltd, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Baygin RC, Yilmaz KC, Acar A. Characterization of dabrafenib-induced drug insensitivity via cellular barcoding and collateral sensitivity to second-line therapeutics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:286. [PMID: 38167959 PMCID: PMC10762103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug insensitivity is arguably one of the biggest challenges in cancer therapeutics. Although effective therapeutic solutions in cancer are limited due to the emergence of drug insensitivity, exploiting evolutionary understanding in this context can provide potential second-line therapeutics sensitizing the drug insensitive populations. Targeted therapeutic agent dabrafenib is used to treat CRC patients with BRAF V600E genotype and insensitivity to dabrafenib is often observed. Understanding underlying clonal architecture of dabrafenib-induced drug insensitivity and identification of potential second-line therapeutics that could sensitize dabrafenib insensitive populations remain to be elucidated. For this purpose, we utilized cellular barcoding technology to decipher dabrafenib-induced clonal evolution in BRAF V600E mutant HT-29 cells. This approach revealed the detection of both pre-existing and de novo barcodes with increased frequencies as a result of dabrafenib insensitivity. Furthermore, our longitudinal monitoring of drug insensitivity based on barcode detection from floating DNA within used medium enabled to identify temporal dynamics of pre-existing and de novo barcodes in relation to dabrafenib insensitivity in HT-29 cells. Moreover, whole-exome sequencing analysis exhibited possible somatic CNVs and SNVs contributing to dabrafenib insensitivity in HT-29 cells. Last, collateral drug sensitivity testing demonstrated oxaliplatin and capecitabine, alone or in combination, as successful second-like therapeutics in inducing collateral sensitivity in dabrafenib-insensitive HT-29 cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate clonal dynamics of dabrafenib-insensitivity in HT-29 cells. In addition, oxaliplatin and capecitabine, alone or in combination, were successful second-line therapeutics in inducing collateral sensitivity in dabrafenib-insensitive HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Can Baygin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubra Celikbas Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, Çankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Derbal Y. Adaptive Control of Tumor Growth. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241230869. [PMID: 38294947 PMCID: PMC10832444 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241230869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment optimizations select the most optimum combinations of drugs, sequencing schedules, and appropriate doses that would limit toxicity and yield an improved patient quality of life. However, these optimizations often lack an adequate consideration of cancer's near-infinite potential for evolutionary adaptation to therapeutic interventions. Adapting cancer therapy based on monitored tumor burden and clonal composition is an intuitively sound approach to the treatment of cancer as an inherently complex and adaptive system. The adaptation would be driven by clinical outcome setpoints embodying the aims to thwart therapeutic resistance and maintain a long-term management of the disease or even a cure. However, given the nonlinear, stochastic dynamics of tumor response to therapeutic interventions, adaptive therapeutic strategies may at least need a one-step-ahead prediction of tumor burden to maintain their control over tumor growth dynamics. The article explores the feasibility of adaptive cancer treatment driven by tumor state feedback assuming cell adaptive fitness to be the underlying source of phenotypic plasticity and pathway entropy as a biomarker of tumor growth trajectory. The exploration is undertaken using deterministic and stochastic models of tumor growth dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Derbal
- Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Derbal Y. Adaptive Cancer Therapy in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241264704. [PMID: 38897721 PMCID: PMC11189021 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241264704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is a major challenge facing the design of effective cancer treatments. Adaptive cancer therapy is in principle the most viable approach to manage cancer's adaptive dynamics through drug combinations with dose timing and modulation. However, there are numerous open issues facing the clinical success of adaptive therapy. Chief among these issues is the feasibility of real-time predictions of treatment response which represent a bedrock requirement of adaptive therapy. Generative artificial intelligence has the potential to learn prediction models of treatment response from clinical, molecular, and radiomics data about patients and their treatments. The article explores this potential through a proposed integration model of Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPTs) in a closed loop with adaptive treatments to predict the trajectories of disease progression. The conceptual model and the challenges facing its realization are discussed in the broader context of artificial intelligence integration in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Derbal
- Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Zhang L, Ma J, Liu L, Li G, Li H, Hao Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Chen Y, Wu J, Wang X, Yang S, Xu S. Adaptive therapy: a tumor therapy strategy based on Darwinian evolution theory. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104192. [PMID: 37898477 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is a dynamic process of continuous evolution, in which genetic diversity and heterogeneity are generated by clonal and subclonal amplification based on random mutations. Traditional cancer treatment strategies have a great challenge, which often leads to treatment failure due to drug resistance. Integrating evolutionary dynamics into treatment regimens may be an effective way to overcome the problem of drug resistance. In particular, a potential treatment is adaptive therapy, which strategy advocates containment strategies that adjust the treatment cycles according to tumor evolution to control the growth of treatment-resistant cells. In this review, we first summarize the shortcomings of traditional tumor treatment methods in evolution and then introduce the theoretical basis and research status of adaptive therapy. By analyzing the limitations of adaptive therapy and exploring possible solutions, we can broaden people's understanding of adaptive therapy and provide new insights and strategies for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Li
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yihai Chen
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiale Wu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinheng Wang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China.
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14
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Chai K, Wang C, Zhou J, Mu W, Gao M, Fan Z, Lv G. Quenching thirst with poison? Paradoxical effect of anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106987. [PMID: 37949332 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have been developed with expectations to provide long-term or at least short-term survival benefits for patients with cancer. Unfortunately, drug therapy tends to provoke malignant biological and clinical behaviours of cancer cells relating not only to the evolution of resistance to specific drugs but also to the enhancement of their proliferation and metastasis abilities. Thus, drug therapy is suspected to impair long-term survival in treated patients under certain circumstances. The paradoxical therapeutic effects could be described as 'quenching thirst with poison', where temporary relief is sought regardless of the consequences. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which tumours react on drug-induced stress to maintain viability is crucial to develop rational targeting approaches which may optimize survival in patients with cancer. In this review, we describe the paradoxical adverse effects of anticancer drugs, in particular how cancer cells complete resistance evolution, enhance proliferation, escape from immune surveillance and metastasize efficiently when encountered with drug therapy. We also describe an integrative therapeutic framework that may diminish such paradoxical effects, consisting of four main strategies: (1) targeting endogenous stress response pathways, (2) targeting new identities of cancer cells, (3) adaptive therapy- exploiting subclonal competition of cancer cells, and (4) targeting tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuanlei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wentao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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15
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Wang S, Song Y, Shi Q, Qiao G, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Zhao J, Jiang N, Huang H. Safety of dendritic cell and cytokine-induced killer (DC-CIK) cell-based immunotherapy in patients with solid tumor: a retrospective study in China. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4767-4782. [PMID: 37970341 PMCID: PMC10636667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic assessment of adverse side effects of Adoptive T cell therapy, especially cytokine-induced killer cell and dendric cell treatment Dendritic cells-Cytokine-induced killer (DC-CIK) therapy, especially when combined with chemotherapy, has not been reported. Totally 1100 consecutive patients (2504 trail cycles) enrolled in DC-CIK treatment trials at Beijing Shijitian Hospital between August 2012 and August 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The 370 patients (34%)/815 cycles enrolled in our trial combined with chemotherapy. In total, 548 (cases)/870 (cycles) patients experienced AEs. The AE class was mainly composed of Neurological 34 cycles (4%), Musculoskeletal 28 cycles (3%), Immunopathies 5 cycles (1%), Hematological 521 cycles (60%), 224 general disorders and administration site conditions cycles (26%), Gastrointestinal 209 cycles (24%), Skin 15 cycles (2%), and 119 Metabolism and Nutrition disorders cycles (14%). The AE class of gastrointestinal (vomiting, P=0.025), nutritional (anorexia, P=0.016), and hematological disorders (anemia P<0.0001, leukopenia P<0.0001) appeared in the DC-CIK treatment and were mainly correlated with chemotherapy. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that regardless of whether DC-CIK was combined with chemotherapy, multi-line treatment was more prone to nausea, anorexia, fatigue, anemia, and leukopenia than first-line treatment. However, correlation analysis verified that increasing the number of cycles of DC-CIK treatment alone could reduce the incidence rate of fatigue (P=0.001), anorexia (P<0.0001), and anxiety (P=0.01). Most of the adverse side effects that occurred during autologous DC-CIK treatment were associated with combined or previously applied chemotherapeutic treatment, which also indicated that autologous DC-CIK anti-tumor therapy was safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Yuguang Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Guoliang Qiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalNo. 55, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, China
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16
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Strobl MAR, Gallaher J, Robertson-Tessi M, West J, Anderson ARA. Treatment of evolving cancers will require dynamic decision support. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:867-884. [PMID: 37777307 PMCID: PMC10688269 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has traditionally focused on developing new agents, but an underexplored question is that of the dose and frequency of existing drugs. Based on the modus operandi established in the early days of chemotherapies, most drugs are administered according to predetermined schedules that seek to deliver the maximum tolerated dose and are only adjusted for toxicity. However, we believe that the complex, evolving nature of cancer requires a more dynamic and personalized approach. Chronicling the milestones of the field, we show that the impact of schedule choice crucially depends on processes driving treatment response and failure. As such, cancer heterogeneity and evolution dictate that a one-size-fits-all solution is unlikely-instead, each patient should be mapped to the strategy that best matches their current disease characteristics and treatment objectives (i.e. their 'tumorscape'). To achieve this level of personalization, we need mathematical modeling. In this perspective, we propose a five-step 'Adaptive Dosing Adjusted for Personalized Tumorscapes (ADAPT)' paradigm to integrate data and understanding across scales and derive dynamic and personalized schedules. We conclude with promising examples of model-guided schedule personalization and a call to action to address key outstanding challenges surrounding data collection, model development, and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A R Strobl
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa; Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - J Gallaher
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - M Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - J West
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - A R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa.
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17
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Park J, Newton PK. Stochastic competitive release and adaptive chemotherapy. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034407. [PMID: 37849192 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We develop a finite-cell model of tumor natural selection dynamics to investigate the stochastic fluctuations associated with multiple rounds of adaptive chemotherapy. The adaptive cycles are designed to avoid chemoresistance in the tumor by managing the ecological mechanism of competitive release of a resistant subpopulation. Our model is based on a three-component evolutionary game played among healthy (H), sensitive (S), and resistant (R) populations of N cells, with a chemotherapy control parameter, C(t), which we use to dynamically impose selection pressure on the sensitive subpopulation to slow tumor growth and manage competitive release of the resistant population. The adaptive chemoschedule is designed based on the deterministic (N→∞) adjusted replicator dynamical system, then implemented using the finite-cell stochastic frequency dependent Moran process model (N=10K-50K) to ascertain the cumulative effect of the stochastic fluctuations on the efficacy of the adaptive schedules over multiple rounds. We quantify the stochastic fixation probability regions of the R and S populations in the HSR trilinear phase plane as a function of the control parameter C∈[0,1], showing that the size of the R region increases with increasing C. We then implement an adaptive time-dependent schedule C(t) for the stochastic model and quantify the variances (using principal component coordinates) associated with the evolutionary cycles over multiple rounds of adaptive therapy. The variances increase subquadratically through several rounds before the evolutionary cycle begins to break down. Despite this, we show the stochastic adaptive schedules are more effective at delaying resistance than standard maximum tolerated dose and low-dose metronomic schedules. The simplified low-dimensional model provides some insights on how well multiple rounds of adaptive therapies are likely to perform over a range of tumor sizes (i.e., different values of N) if the goal is to maintain a sustained balance among competing subpopulations of cells to avoid chemoresistance via competitive release in a stochastic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1191, USA
| | - P K Newton
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, and Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1191, USA
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18
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Leow BCS, Kok CH, Yeung DT, Hughes TP, White DL, Eadie LN. The acquisition order of leukemic drug resistance mutations is directed by the selective fitness associated with each resistance mechanism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13110. [PMID: 37567965 PMCID: PMC10421868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, the transition from drug sensitive to drug resistant disease is poorly understood. Here, we used exploratory sequencing of gene transcripts to determine the mechanisms of drug resistance in a dasatinib resistant cell line model. Importantly, cell samples were collected sequentially during drug exposure and dose escalation, revealing several resistance mechanisms which fluctuated over time. BCR::ABL1 overexpression, BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutation, and overexpression of the small molecule transporter ABCG2, were identified as dasatinib resistance mechanisms. The acquisition of mutations followed an order corresponding with the increase in selective fitness associated with each resistance mechanism. Additionally, it was demonstrated that ABCG2 overexpression confers partial ponatinib resistance. The results of this study have broad applicability and help direct effective therapeutic drug usage and dosing regimens and may be useful for clinicians to select the most efficacious therapy at the most beneficial time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C S Leow
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chung H Kok
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David T Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Timothy P Hughes
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Deborah L White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura N Eadie
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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19
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Aguadé-Gorgorió G, Costa J, Solé R. An oncospace for human cancers. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200215. [PMID: 36864571 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers comprise an heterogeneous array of diseases with different progression patterns and responses to therapy. However, they all develop within a host context that constrains their natural history. Since it occurs across the diversity of organisms, one can conjecture that there is order in the cancer multiverse. Is there a way to capture the broad range of tumor types within a space of the possible? Here we define the oncospace, a coordinate system that integrates the ecological, evolutionary and developmental components of cancer complexity. The spatial position of a tumor results from its departure from the healthy tissue along these three axes, and progression trajectories inform about the components driving malignancy across cancer subtypes. We postulate that the oncospace topology encodes new information regarding tumorigenic pathways, subtype prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities: treatment design could benefit from considering how to nudge tumors toward empty evolutionary dead ends in the oncospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guim Aguadé-Gorgorió
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICREA-Complex Systems Lab, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Costa
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ricard Solé
- ICREA-Complex Systems Lab, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-UPF, Barcelona, Spain.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
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20
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Bukkuri A, Pienta KJ, Hockett I, Austin RH, Hammarlund EU, Amend SR, Brown JS. Modeling cancer's ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Med Oncol 2023; 40:109. [PMID: 36853375 PMCID: PMC9974726 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In this didactic paper, we present a theoretical modeling framework, called the G-function, that integrates both the ecology and evolution of cancer to understand oncogenesis. The G-function has been used in evolutionary ecology, but has not been widely applied to problems in cancer. Here, we build the G-function framework from fundamental Darwinian principles and discuss how cancer can be seen through the lens of ecology, evolution, and game theory. We begin with a simple model of cancer growth and add on components of cancer cell competition and drug resistance. To aid in exploration of eco-evolutionary modeling with this approach, we also present a user-friendly software tool. By the end of this paper, we hope that readers will be able to construct basic G function models and grasp the usefulness of the framework to understand the games cancer plays in a biologically mechanistic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Bukkuri
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA.
- Tissue Development and Evolution Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ian Hockett
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Emma U Hammarlund
- Tissue Development and Evolution Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sarah R Amend
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
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21
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Derbal Y. Cell Adaptive Fitness and Cancer Evolutionary Dynamics. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231154679. [PMID: 36860424 PMCID: PMC9969436 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231154679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability of cancer cells translates into increased entropy and lower information processing capacity, leading to metabolic reprograming toward higher energy states, presumed to be aligned with a cancer growth imperative. Dubbed as the cell adaptive fitness, the proposition postulates that the coupling between cell signaling and metabolism constrains cancer evolutionary dynamics along trajectories privileged by the maintenance of metabolic sufficiency for survival. In particular, the conjecture postulates that clonal expansion becomes restricted when genetic alterations induce a sufficiently high level of disorder, that is, high entropy, in the regulatory signaling network, abrogating as a result the ability of cancer cells to successfully replicate, leading to a stage of clonal stagnation. The proposition is analyzed in the context of an in-silico model of tumor evolutionary dynamics to illustrate how cell-inherent adaptive fitness may predictably constrain clonal evolution of tumors, which would have significant implications for the design of adaptive cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Derbal
- Youcef Derbal, Ted Rogers School of
Information Technology Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria
Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
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22
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Ramisetty S, Kulkarni P, Bhattacharya S, Nam A, Singhal SS, Guo L, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev B, Mittan S, Malhotra J, Pisick E, Subbiah S, Rajurkar S, Massarelli E, Salgia R, Mohanty A. A Systems Biology Approach for Addressing Cisplatin Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020599. [PMID: 36675528 PMCID: PMC9861808 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational research in medicine, defined as the transfer of knowledge and discovery from the basic sciences to the clinic, is typically achieved through interactions between members across scientific disciplines to overcome the traditional silos within the community. Thus, translational medicine underscores 'Team Medicine', the partnership between basic science researchers and clinicians focused on addressing a specific goal in medicine. Here, we highlight this concept from a City of Hope perspective. Using cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a paradigm, we describe how basic research scientists, clinical research scientists, and medical oncologists, in true 'Team Science' spirit, addressed cisplatin resistance in NSCLC and identified a previously approved compound that is able to alleviate cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. Furthermore, we discuss how a 'Team Medicine' approach can help to elucidate the mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance in NSCLC and develop alternative strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Ramisetty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Translational Bioinformatics, Center for Informatics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sharad S. Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1000 FivePoint, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Evan Pisick
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA
| | - Shanmuga Subbiah
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1250 S. Sunset Ave., Suite 303, West Covina, CA 91790, USA
| | - Swapnil Rajurkar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1100 San Bernardino Road, Suite 1100, Upland, CA 91786, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Zhao R, Lai X. Evolutionary analysis of replicator dynamics about anti-cancer combination therapy. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:656-682. [PMID: 36650783 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and growth of drug-resistant cancer cell subpopulations during anti-cancer treatment is a major challenge for cancer therapies. Combination therapies are usually applied for overcoming drug resistance. In the present paper, we explored the evolution outcome of tumor cell populations under different combination schedules of chemotherapy and p53 vaccine, by construction of replicator dynamical model for sensitive cells, chemotherapy-resistant cells and p53 vaccine-resistant cells. The local asymptotic stability analysis of the evolutionary stable points revealed that cancer population could evolve to the population with single subpopulation, or coexistence of sensitive cells and p53 vaccine-resistant cells, or coexistence of chemotherapy-resistant cells and p53 vaccine-resistant cells under different monotherapy or combination schedules. The design of adaptive therapy schedules that maintain the subpopulations under control is also demonstrated by sequential and periodic application of combination treatment strategies based on the evolutionary velocity and evolutionary absorbing regions. Applying a new replicator dynamical model, we further explored the supportive effects of sensitive cancer cells on targeted therapy-resistant cells revealed in mice experiments. It was shown that the supportive effects of sensitive cells could drive the evolution of cell population from sensitive cells to coexistence of sensitive cells and one type of targeted therapy-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujing Zhao
- School of Mathematics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiulan Lai
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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24
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Deris A, Sohrabi-Haghighat M. Abiraterone-Docetaxel scheduling for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on evolutionary dynamics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282646. [PMID: 36893142 PMCID: PMC9997888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are divided into three groups based on their response to Abiraterone treatment: best responder, responder, and non-responder. In the latter two groups, successful outcomes may not be achieved due to the development of drug-resistant cells in the tumor environment during treatment. To overcome this challenge, a secondary drug can be used to control the population of drug-resistant cells, potentially leading to a longer period of disease inhibition. This paper proposes using a combination of Docetaxel and Abiraterone in some polytherapy methods to control both the overall cancer cell population and the drug-resistant subpopulation. To investigate the competition and evolution of mCRPC cancer phenotypes, as in previous studies, the Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) has been used as a mathematical modeling of evolutionary biology concepts.
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25
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Evolutionary rescue of resistant mutants is governed by a balance between radial expansion and selection in compact populations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7916. [PMID: 36564390 PMCID: PMC9789051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation-mediated treatment resistance is one of the primary challenges for modern antibiotic and anti-cancer therapy. Yet, many resistance mutations have a substantial fitness cost and are subject to purifying selection. How emerging resistant lineages may escape purifying selection via subsequent compensatory mutations is still unclear due to the difficulty of tracking such evolutionary rescue dynamics in space and time. Here, we introduce a system of fluorescence-coupled synthetic mutations to show that the probability of evolutionary rescue, and the resulting long-term persistence of drug resistant mutant lineages, is dramatically increased in dense microbial populations. By tracking the entire evolutionary trajectory of thousands of resistant lineages in expanding yeast colonies we uncover an underlying quasi-stable equilibrium between the opposing forces of radial expansion and natural selection, a phenomenon we term inflation-selection balance. Tailored computational models and agent-based simulations corroborate the fundamental nature of the observed effects and demonstrate the potential impact on drug resistance evolution in cancer. The described phenomena should be considered when predicting multi-step evolutionary dynamics in any mechanically compact cellular population, including pathogenic microbial biofilms and solid tumors. The insights gained will be especially valuable for the quantitative understanding of response to treatment, including emerging evolution-based therapy strategies.
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26
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Lorenzo G, di Muzio N, Deantoni CL, Cozzarini C, Fodor A, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Pérez-García VM, Gomez H, Reali A. Patient-specific forecasting of postradiotherapy prostate-specific antigen kinetics enables early prediction of biochemical relapse. iScience 2022; 25:105430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Kulkarni P, Mohanty A, Bhattacharya S, Singhal S, Guo L, Ramisetty S, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev B, Mittan S, Malhotra J, Gupta N, Kim P, Babikian R, Rajurkar S, Subbiah S, Tan T, Nguyen D, Merla A, Kollimuttathuillam SV, Phillips T, Baik P, Tan B, Vashi P, Shrestha S, Leach B, Garg R, Rich PL, Stewart FM, Pisick E, Salgia R. Addressing Drug Resistance in Cancer: A Team Medicine Approach. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5701. [PMID: 36233569 PMCID: PMC9572909 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains one of the major impediments to treating cancer. Although many patients respond well initially, resistance to therapy typically ensues. Several confounding factors appear to contribute to this challenge. Here, we first discuss some of the challenges associated with drug resistance. We then discuss how a 'Team Medicine' approach, involving an interdisciplinary team of basic scientists working together with clinicians, has uncovered new therapeutic strategies. These strategies, referred to as intermittent or 'adaptive' therapy, which are based on eco-evolutionary principles, have met with remarkable success in potentially precluding or delaying the emergence of drug resistance in several cancers. Incorporating such treatment strategies into clinical protocols could potentially enhance the precision of delivering personalized medicine to patients. Furthermore, reaching out to patients in the network of hospitals affiliated with leading academic centers could help them benefit from such innovative treatment options. Finally, lowering the dose of the drug and its frequency (because of intermittent rather than continuous therapy) can also have a significant impact on lowering the toxicity and undesirable side effects of the drugs while lowering the financial burden carried by the patient and insurance providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sravani Ramisetty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1000 FivePoint, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Naveen Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1100 San Bernardino Road, Suite 1100, Upland, CA 91786, USA
| | - Pauline Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Razmig Babikian
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Swapnil Rajurkar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1100 San Bernardino Road, Suite 1100, Upland, CA 91786, USA
| | - Shanmuga Subbiah
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1250 S. Sunset Ave., Suite 303, West Covina, CA 91790, USA
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1601 Avocado Ave., Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA
| | - Danny Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 19671 Beach Blvd. #315, Huntington Beach, CA 92648, USA
| | - Amartej Merla
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 38660 Medical Center Dr, Suite A380, Palmdale, CA 93551, USA
| | - Sudarsan V. Kollimuttathuillam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 16300 Sand Canyon Ave., Suite 207, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Tanyanika Phillips
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 44151 15th St. West, Lancaster, CA 93534, USA
| | - Peter Baik
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA
| | - Bradford Tan
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA
| | - Pankaj Vashi
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA
| | - Sagun Shrestha
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Phoenix, 14200 West Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA
| | - Benjamin Leach
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 15031 Rinaldi St., Suite 150, Mission Hills, CA 91345, USA
| | - Ruchi Garg
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Atlanta, 600 Celebrate Life Parkway, Newnan, GA 30265, USA
| | - Patricia L. Rich
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Atlanta, 600 Celebrate Life Parkway, Newnan, GA 30265, USA
| | - F. Marc Stewart
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Evan Pisick
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, CTCA Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Yu Z, Tong S, Wang C, Wu Z, Ye Y, Wang S, Jiang K. PPy@Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of CRC via suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoting ferroptosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1001994. [PMID: 36177184 PMCID: PMC9513590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers of the digestive tract, and patients with advanced-stage cancer have poor survival despite the use of multidrug conventional chemotherapy regimens. Intra-tumor heterogeneity of cancerous cells is the main obstacle in the way to effective cancer treatments. Therefore, we are looking for novel approaches to eliminate just cancer cells including nanoparticles (NPs). PPy@Fe3O4 NPs were successfully synthesized through a portable method. The characterization of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transformed infrared spectrometer, and X-ray powder diffraction have further proved successful preparation of PPy@Fe3O4 NPs. NIR irradiation was used to test the photothermal properties of NPs and an infrared camera was used to record their temperature. The direct effects of PPy@Fe3O4 NPs on colorectal cancer cell DLD1 were assessed using CCK8, plate clone, transwell, flow cytometry, and western blotting in CRC cell. The effect of PPy@Fe3O4 NPs on neoplasm growth in nude mice was evaluated in vivo. This study demonstrated that PPy@ Fe3O4 NPs significantly inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion and promote ferroptosis to the untreated controls in colorectal cancer cells. Mechanical exploration revealed that PPy@Fe3O4 NPs inhibit the multiplication, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, Ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 can reverse the changes in metastasis-associated proteins caused by NPs treatment. Collectively, our observations revealed that PPy@Fe3O4 NPs were blockers of tumor progression and metastasis in CRC. This study brought new insights into bioactive NPs, with application potential in curing CRC or other human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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29
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Raja Arul GL, Toruner MD, Gatenby RA, Carr RM. Ecoevolutionary biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2022; 22:730-740. [PMID: 35821188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common histological subtype of pancreatic cancer, is an aggressive disease predicted to be the 2nd cause of cancer mortality in the US by 2040. While first-line therapy has improved, 5-year overall survival has only increased from 5 to ∼10%, and surgical resection is only available for ∼20% of patients as most present with advanced disease, which is invariably lethal. PDAC has well-established highly recurrent mutations in four driver genes including KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. Unfortunately, these genetic drivers are not currently therapeutically actionable. Despite extensive sequencing efforts, few additional significantly recurrent and druggable drivers have been identified. In the absence of targetable mutations, chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for most patients. Further, the role of the above driver mutations on PDAC initiation and early development is well-established. However, these mutations alone cannot account for PDAC heterogeneity nor discern early from advanced disease. Taken together, management of PDAC is an example highlighting the shortcomings of the current precision medicine paradigm. PDAC, like other malignancies, represents an ecoevolutionary process. Better understanding the disease through this lens can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to better control and cure PDAC. This review aims to integrate the current understanding of PDAC pathobiology into an ecoevolutionary framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merih D Toruner
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ryan M Carr
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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30
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Xi W, Zhou C, Xu F, Sun D, Wang S, Chen Y, Ji J, Ma T, Wu J, Shangguan C, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Molecular evolutionary process of advanced gastric cancer during sequential chemotherapy detected by circulating tumor DNA. Lab Invest 2022; 20:365. [PMID: 35962408 PMCID: PMC9373478 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of conventional sequential chemotherapy paradigm for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients has largely plateaued. Dynamic molecular changes during and after sequential chemotherapy have not been fully delineated. We aimed to profile the molecular evolutionary process of AGC patients during sequential chemotherapy by next generation sequencing (NGS) of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). METHODS A total of 30 chemo-naïve patients who were diagnosed with unresectable advanced or metastatic stomach adenocarcinoma were enrolled. All patients received sequential chemotherapy regimens following the clinical guideline. One hundred and eight serial peripheral blood samples were collected at baseline, radiographical assessment and disease progression. Plasma ctDNA was isolated and a customized NGS panel was used to detect the genomic features of ctDNA including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and gene-level copy number variations (CNVs). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed. RESULTS Platinum-based combination chemotherapy was administrated as first-line regimen. Objective response rate was 50% (15/30). Patients with higher baseline values of copy number instability (CNI), CNVs and variant allel frequency (VAF) were more sensitive to platinum-based first-line regimens. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), CNI and CNV burden at partial response and stable disease were significantly lower than those at baseline, where at progressive disease they recovered to baseline levels. Dynamic change of TMB (ΔTMB) was correlated with progression-free survival of first-line treatment. Fluctuating changes of SNVs and gene-level CNVs could be observed during sequential chemotherapy. Under the pressure of conventional chemotherapy, the number of novel gene-level CNVs were found to be higher than that of novel SNVs. Such novel molecular alterations could be enriched into multiple common oncologic signaling pathways, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and platinum drug resistance pathways, where their distributions were found to be highly heterogenous among patients. The impact of subsequent regimens, including paclitaxel-based and irinotecan-based regimens, on the molecular changes driven by first-line therapy was subtle. CONCLUSION Baseline and dynamic changes of genomic features of ctDNA could be biomarkers for predicting response of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy in AGC patients. After treatment with standard chemotherapy regimens, convergent oncologic pathway enrichment was identified, which is yet characterized by inter-patient heterogenous gene-level CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Xi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Oncology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 197 Zhixian Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, 214104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Debin Sun
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, 214104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengzhou Wang
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, 214104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yawei Chen
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, 214104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Oncology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 197 Zhixian Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Chengfang Shangguan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Oncology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 197 Zhixian Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi, 214028, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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31
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhou H, Du Z. Anticancer effects of natural phytochemicals in anaplastic thyroid cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 48:156. [PMID: 35856443 PMCID: PMC9471558 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy having a dismal prognosis. Phytochemicals are bioactive components obtained from plants that have been proven useful to treat numerous diseases. Phytochemicals are also an important source of novel anticancer drugs and an important area of research due to the numerous available candidates that can potentially treat cancers. This review discusses naturally occurring phytochemicals and their derivatives that show promising anticancer effects in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Anticancer effects include cell growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, promoting cell cycle arrest, suppressing angiogenesis, modulating autophagy, and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals are not only prospective candidates in the therapy of anaplastic thyroid cancer but also exhibit potential as adjuvants to improve the anticancer effects of other drugs. Although some phytochemicals have excellent anticancer properties, drug resistance observed during the use of resveratrol and artemisinin in different anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines is still a problem. Anaplastic thyroid cancer cells have several biological, clinical, and drug-resistance features that differ from differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol and quercetin exhibit different biological effects in anaplastic thyroid cancer and differentiated thyroid cancer. Tumor cells depend on increased aerobic glycolysis by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to provide energy for their rapid growth, invasiveness, and drug resistance. Phytochemicals can alter signaling cascades, modulate the metabolic properties of cancer cells, and influence the mitochondrial membrane potential of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. These findings enrich our knowledge of the anticancer effects of phytochemicals and highlight alternative therapies to prevent drug resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Li
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Du
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
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32
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Brutovský B. Scales of Cancer Evolution: Selfish Genome or Cooperating Cells? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133253. [PMID: 35805025 PMCID: PMC9264996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer continuously evolves its ability to survive in time-varying microenvironment, which results, regarding the therapeutic context, in its therapeutic resistance. As it is accepted that the development of resistance is the direct consequence of intratumour heterogeneity, its evolutionary etiology is intensively studied. Models of carinogenesis are often assessed accordingly to how well they fit into the evolutionary scenario. In the paper, the relevant observations and concepts in cancer research, such as intratumour heterogeneity, cell plasticity, and Markov cell state dynamics, are reviewed and integrated into an evolutionary model. The possibility that the interaction between cancer cells can be interpreted as cooperation is proposed. Abstract The exploitation of the evolutionary modus operandi of cancer to steer its progression towards drug sensitive cancer cells is a challenging research topic. Integrating evolutionary principles into cancer therapy requires properly identified selection level, the relevant timescale, and the respective fitness of the principal selection unit on that timescale. Interpretation of some features of cancer progression, such as increased heterogeneity of isogenic cancer cells, is difficult from the most straightforward evolutionary view with the cancer cell as the principal selection unit. In the paper, the relation between the two levels of intratumour heterogeneity, genetic, due to genetic instability, and non-genetic, due to phenotypic plasticity, is reviewed and the evolutionary role of the latter is outlined. In analogy to the evolutionary optimization in a changing environment, the cell state dynamics in cancer clones are interpreted as the risk diversifying strategy bet hedging, optimizing the balance between the exploitation and exploration of the cell state space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Brutovský
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
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33
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Thomas DS, Cisneros LH, Anderson ARA, Maley CC. In Silico Investigations of Multi-Drug Adaptive Therapy Protocols. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2699. [PMID: 35681680 PMCID: PMC9179496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for cancer patients aims to eradicate the tumor by killing the maximum number of cancer cells using the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a drug. MTD causes significant toxicity and selects for resistant cells, eventually making the tumor refractory to treatment. Adaptive therapy aims to maximize time to progression (TTP), by maintaining sensitive cells to compete with resistant cells. We explored both dose modulation (DM) protocols and fixed dose (FD) interspersed with drug holiday protocols. In contrast to previous single drug protocols, we explored the determinants of success of two-drug adaptive therapy protocols, using an agent-based model. In almost all cases, DM protocols (but not FD protocols) increased TTP relative to MTD. DM protocols worked well when there was more competition, with a higher cost of resistance, greater cell turnover, and when crowded proliferating cells could replace their neighbors. The amount that the drug dose was changed, mattered less. The more sensitive the protocol was to tumor burden changes, the better. In general, protocols that used as little drug as possible, worked best. Preclinical experiments should test these predictions, especially dose modulation protocols, with the goal of generating successful clinical trials for greater cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Thomas
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (D.S.T.); (L.H.C.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Luis H. Cisneros
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (D.S.T.); (L.H.C.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | - Carlo C. Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (D.S.T.); (L.H.C.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Chen J, Ren Y, Huang WL, Zhang L, Li J. Multilevel Mesoscale Complexities in Mesoregimes: Challenges in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:431-455. [PMID: 35378042 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the complex behaviors in diverse chemical and biochemical systems to elucidate their commonalities and thus help develop a mesoscience methodology to address the complexities in even broader topics. This could possibly build a new scientific paradigm for different disciplines and could meanwhile provide effective tools to tackle the big challenges in various fields, thus paving a path toward combining the paradigm shift in science with the breakthrough in technique developments. Starting with our relatively fruitful understanding of chemical systems, the discussion focuses on the relatively pristine but very intriguing biochemical systems. It is recognized that diverse complexities are multilevel in nature, with each level being multiscale and the complexity emerging always at mesoscales in mesoregimes. Relevant advances in theoretical understandings and mathematical tools are summarized as well based on case studies, and the convergence between physics and mathematics is highlighted. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Wen Lai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Jinghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) powered by the accumulating clinical and molecular data about cancer has fueled the expectation that a transformation in cancer treatments towards significant improvement of patient outcomes is at hand. However, such transformation has been so far elusive. The opacity of AI algorithms and the lack of quality annotated data being available at population scale are among the challenges to the application of AI in oncology. Fundamentally however, the heterogeneity of cancer and its evolutionary dynamics make every tumor response to therapy sufficiently different from the population, machine-learned statistical models, challenging hence the capacity of these models to yield reliable inferences about treatment recommendations that can improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the nominal elements of clinical decision-making for precision oncology and frames the utility of AI to cancer treatment improvements in light of cancer unique challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Derbal
- Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, 7984Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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36
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Suresh S, Raghavendran S, Selvaraj S. Combining Evolution and Cancer Therapy: A Review of the Mathematical
Approach. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210922151146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
:
Conventional cancer therapy kills tumors by applying the maximum tolerable dose of
therapy. However, it leads to the development of tumoral heterogeneity and resistance, hence leading
to therapy failure and progression. It is necessary to design therapies keeping in mind the evolutionary
dynamics of tumors to minimize resistance and delay progression. Mathematical models
are of great importance in oncology as they assist in the recreation of the tumor microenvironment,
predict the outcomes of treatment strategies and elucidate fundamentals of tumor growth and resistance
development. The body of literature covering models which incorporate evolutionary dynamics
is vast. This paper provides an overview of existing models of “evolutionary therapy”, including
ordinary differential equations, fitness, and probability functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Suresh
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Stalin Selvaraj
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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37
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Morsky B, Vural DC. Suppressing evolution of antibiotic resistance through environmental switching. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-022-00530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Italia M, Dercole F, Lucchetti R. Optimal chemotherapy counteracts cancer adaptive resistance in a cell-based, spatially-extended, evolutionary model. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35100568 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Most aggressive cancers are incurable due to their fast evolution of drug resistance. We model cancer growth and adaptive response in a simplified cell-based (CB) setting, assuming a genetic resistance to two chemotherapeutic drugs. We show that optimal administration protocols can steer cells resistance and turned it into a weakness for the disease. Our work extends the population-based (PB) model proposed by Orlando et al. (Physical Biology, 2012), in which a homogeneous population of cancer cells evolves according to a fitness landscape. The landscape models three types of trade-offs, differing on whether the cells are more, less, or equal effective when generalizing resistance to two drugs as opposed to specializing to a single one. The CB framework allows us to include genetic heterogeneity, spatial competition, and drugs diffusion, as well as realistic administration protocols. By calibrating our model on Orlando et al.'s assumptions, we show that dynamical protocols that alternate the two drugs minimize the cancer size at the end of (or at mid-points during) treatment. These results significantly differ from those obtained with the homogeneous model---suggesting static protocols under the pro-generalizing and neutral allocation trade-offs---highlighting the important role of spatial and genetic heterogeneities. Our work is the first attempt to search for optimal treatments in a CB setting, a step forward toward realistic clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Italia
- Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, Milano, 20133, ITALY
| | - Fabio Dercole
- Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, Milano, 20133, ITALY
| | - Roberto Lucchetti
- Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Edoardo Bonardi, 9, Milano, 20133, ITALY
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Gedye C, Navani V. Find the path of least resistance: Adaptive therapy to delay treatment failure and improve outcomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188681. [PMID: 35051527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapies help people with advanced cancers, but for most, treatment fails. Cancer heterogeneity is one cause of treatment failure, but also suggests an opportunity to improve outcomes; reconceptualising cancer therapy as an ecological problem offers the strategy of adaptive therapy. If an agent is active against a patient's cancer, instead of traditional continuous dosing at the maximum tolerated dose until treatment failure, the patient and their oncologist may instead choose to pause treatment as soon as the cancer responds. When tumour burden increases, the cancer is rechallenged with the same agent in hope of delivering another response, ideally before symptoms occur or quality-of-life is impacted. These 'loops' of 'pause/restart' allows an active treatment to be used strategically, to delay the development of evolutionary selection within the cancer, delaying the onset of treatment resistance, controlling the cancer for longer. Modelling predicts patients can navigate several 'loops', potentially increasing the utility of an active treatment by multiples, and early trials suggest at least doubling of progression-free survival. In this narrative review we confront how cancer heterogeneity limits treatment effectiveness, re-examine cancer as an ecological problem, review the data supporting adaptive therapy and outline the challenges and opportunities faced in clinical practice to implement this evolutionary concept. In an era where multiple novel active anti-neoplastic agents are being used with ancient inflexibile maximum tolerated dose for maximum duration approaches, adaptive dosing offers a personalised, n = 1 approach to cancer therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gedye
- Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah 2298, NSW, Australia; Clinical Trial Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vishal Navani
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Sebestyén A, Dankó T, Sztankovics D, Moldvai D, Raffay R, Cervi C, Krencz I, Zsiros V, Jeney A, Petővári G. The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:989-1033. [PMID: 35029792 PMCID: PMC8825419 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
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Diaz-Colunga J, Diaz-Uriarte R. Conditional prediction of consecutive tumor evolution using cancer progression models: What genotype comes next? PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009055. [PMID: 34932572 PMCID: PMC8730404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of tumor progression is key for adaptive therapy and precision medicine. Cancer progression models (CPMs) can be used to infer dependencies in mutation accumulation from cross-sectional data and provide predictions of tumor progression paths. However, their performance when predicting complete evolutionary trajectories is limited by violations of assumptions and the size of available data sets. Instead of predicting full tumor progression paths, here we focus on short-term predictions, more relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We examine whether five distinct CPMs can be used to answer the question "Given that a genotype with n mutations has been observed, what genotype with n + 1 mutations is next in the path of tumor progression?" or, shortly, "What genotype comes next?". Using simulated data we find that under specific combinations of genotype and fitness landscape characteristics CPMs can provide predictions of short-term evolution that closely match the true probabilities, and that some genotype characteristics can be much more relevant than global features. Application of these methods to 25 cancer data sets shows that their use is hampered by a lack of information needed to make principled decisions about method choice. Fruitful use of these methods for short-term predictions requires adapting method's use to local genotype characteristics and obtaining reliable indicators of performance; it will also be necessary to clarify the interpretation of the method's results when key assumptions do not hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diaz-Colunga
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ramon Diaz-Uriarte
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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42
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Gonçalves AC, Richiardone E, Jorge J, Polónia B, Xavier CPR, Salaroglio IC, Riganti C, Vasconcelos MH, Corbet C, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB. Impact of cancer metabolism on therapy resistance - Clinical implications. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100797. [PMID: 34955385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing arsenal of anticancer therapies, many patients continue to have poor outcomes due to the therapeutic failures and tumor relapses. Indeed, the clinical efficacy of anticancer therapies is markedly limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance mechanisms that can occur in any tumor type and with any treatment. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to implement fundamental changes in the tumor treatment paradigm by the development of new experimental strategies that can help to predict the occurrence of clinical drug resistance and to identify alternative therapeutic options. Apart from mutation-driven resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME) conditions generate an intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity that supports disease progression and dismal outcomes. Tumor cell metabolism is a prototypical example of dynamic, heterogeneous, and adaptive phenotypic trait, resulting from the combination of intrinsic [(epi)genetic changes, tissue of origin and differentiation dependency] and extrinsic (oxygen and nutrient availability, metabolic interactions within the TME) factors, enabling cancer cells to survive, metastasize and develop resistance to anticancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding metabolism-based mechanisms conferring adaptive resistance to chemo-, radio-and immunotherapies as well as targeted therapies. Furthermore, we report the role of TME-mediated intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity in therapy resistance and how adaptations in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism support the growth of therapy-resistant cancers and/or cellular subpopulations. We also report the intricate interplay between tumor signaling and metabolic pathways in cancer cells and discuss how manipulating key metabolic enzymes and/or providing dietary changes may help to eradicate relapse-sustaining cancer cells. Finally, in the current era of personalized medicine, we describe the strategies that may be applied to implement metabolic profiling for tumor imaging, biomarker identification, selection of tailored treatments and monitoring therapy response during the clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Richiardone
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Belgium
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Belgium.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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43
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu H. Is the Fixed Periodic Treatment Effective for the Tumor System without Complete Information? Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8915-8928. [PMID: 34876854 PMCID: PMC8643150 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s339787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The treatment plans designed with the guidance of the mathematical model and adaptive strategy can trap tumor subpopulations in a periodic and controllable loop. But this process requires detailed information about the tumor system, which is difficult to obtain. Therefore, we wondered whether the fixed periodic treatment plans designed with the typical values of population parameters could be applied to a similar tumor system without complete information. Methods A binary tumor system constructed by an EGFR-mutant and a KRAS-mutant cell line was used to explore the applicability of the fixed periodic treatment plans. The dynamics of this system were described by combining the Lotka-Volterra model with the framework of the nonlinear mixed-effects model. The typical values of population parameters were used to design the plans, and the robust plans were screened through parameter variation. These screened plans were examined their applicability in animal experiments and simulations. Results In animal experiments where system parameters vary from -30% to 30%, the "osimertinib administration, withdrawal, FK866 administration and withdrawal" plan can trap subpopulations of the system in periodic cycles. In simulation, when there was an unknown resistant subpopulation, the screened fixed periodic treatment plans can still delay the evolution of resistance. The median outcomes of screened plans were better than conventional sequential treatment in most cases. There was no significant difference between the outcomes of the screened plan with median stability and the optimal therapy. The evolutionary trajectories of these two plans were similar. Conclusion According to the results, these fixed periodic plans should be tried in treatment even the information of the tumor system was incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haochen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Blaszczak W, Swietach P. What do cellular responses to acidity tell us about cancer? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1159-1176. [PMID: 34850320 PMCID: PMC8825410 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The notion that invasive cancer is a product of somatic evolution is a well-established theory that can be modelled mathematically and demonstrated empirically from therapeutic responses. Somatic evolution is by no means deterministic, and ample opportunities exist to steer its trajectory towards cancer cell extinction. One such strategy is to alter the chemical microenvironment shared between host and cancer cells in a way that no longer favours the latter. Ever since the first description of the Warburg effect, acidosis has been recognised as a key chemical signature of the tumour microenvironment. Recent findings have suggested that responses to acidosis, arising through a process of selection and adaptation, give cancer cells a competitive advantage over the host. A surge of research efforts has attempted to understand the basis of this advantage and seek ways of exploiting it therapeutically. Here, we review key findings and place these in the context of a mathematical framework. Looking ahead, we highlight areas relating to cellular adaptation, selection, and heterogeneity that merit more research efforts in order to close in on the goal of exploiting tumour acidity in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Blaszczak
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England.
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45
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Abstract
Analogies between placentation, in particular the behavior of trophoblast cells, and cancer have been noted since the beginning of the twentieth century. To what degree these can be explained as a consequence of the evolution of placentation has been unclear. In this review, we conclude that many similarities between trophoblast and cancer cells are shared with other, phylogenetically older processes than placentation. The best candidates for cancer hallmarks that can be explained by the evolution of eutherian placenta are mechanisms of immune evasion. Another dimension of the maternal accommodation of the placenta with an impact on cancer malignancy is the evolution of endometrial invasibility. Species with lower degrees of placental invasion tend to have lower vulnerability to cancer malignancy. We finally identify several areas in which one could expect to see coevolutionary changes in placental and cancer biology but that, to our knowledge, have not been explored. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter P Wagner
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; , , .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Storrs, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Anasuya Dighe
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; , , .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; , , .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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46
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Dynamics of Acquired Resistance to Nivolumab Therapies Varies From Administration Strategies. Clin Ther 2021; 43:2088-2103. [PMID: 34782163 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of optimal drug administration schedules to overcome the emergence of resistance that causes treatment failure is a major challenge in cancer research. We report the outcomes of a computational strategy to assess the dynamics of tumor progression as a function of time under different treatment regimens. METHODS We developed an evolutionary game theory model that combined Lotka-Volterra equations and pharmacokinetic properties with 2 competing cancer species: nivolumab-response cells and Janus kinase (JAK1/2) mutation cells. We selected 3 therapeutic schemes that have been tested in the clinical trials: 3 mg/kg Q2w, 10 mg/kg Q2w, and 480 mg Q4w. The simulation was performed under the intervals of 75, 125, and 175 days, respectively, for each regimen. The data sources of the pharmacokinetic parameters used in this study were collected from previous published clinical trials. Other parameters in the evolutionary model come from the existing references. FINDINGS Predictions under various dose schedules indicated a strong selection for nivolumab-independent cells. Under the 3 mg/kg dose strategy, the reproduction rate of JAK mutation cells was highest, with strongest tumor elimination ability at a 75-day interval between treatments. Prolonged drug intervals to 125 or 175 days delayed tumor evolution but accelerated tumor recurrence. Although 10 mg/kg Q2w had an obvious clinical effect in a short time, it further promotes the progress of resistant population compared with the 3 mg/kg dose. Our model suggests that 480 mg Q4w would be more valuable in terms of clinical efficacy, but complete resistant occurs earlier regardless the interval. IMPLICATIONS The results of this study emphasize that increasing the dose or shortening the interval between doses accelerates the evolution of heterogeneous populations, although the short-term effect is significant. In practice, the therapeutic regimen should be balanced according to the evolutionary principle.
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47
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Niida A, Mimori K, Shibata T, Miyano S. Modeling colorectal cancer evolution. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:869-878. [PMID: 33986478 PMCID: PMC8384629 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cancer evolution provides a clue to tackle therapeutic difficulties in colorectal cancer. In this review, together with related works, we will introduce a series of our studies, in which we constructed an evolutionary model of colorectal cancer by combining genomic analysis and mathematical modeling. In our model, multiple subclones were generated by driver mutation acquisition and subsequent clonal expansion in early-stage tumors. Among the subclones, the one obtaining driver copy number alterations is endowed with malignant potentials to constitute a late-stage tumor in which extensive intratumor heterogeneity is generated by the accumulation of neutral mutations. We will also discuss how to translate our understanding of cancer evolution to a solution to the problem related to therapeutic resistance: mathematical modeling suggests that relapse caused by acquired resistance could be suppressed by utilizing clonal competition between sensitive and resistant clones. Considering the current rate of technological development, modeling cancer evolution by combining genomic analysis and mathematical modeling will be an increasingly important approach for understanding and overcoming cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Niida
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Lakatos E, Hockings H, Mossner M, Huang W, Lockley M, Graham TA. LiquidCNA: Tracking subclonal evolution from longitudinal liquid biopsies using somatic copy number alterations. iScience 2021; 24:102889. [PMID: 34401670 PMCID: PMC8350516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) measured via liquid biopsies provides a way for minimally invasive monitoring of tumor evolutionary dynamics during therapy. Here we present liquidCNA, a method to track subclonal evolution from longitudinally collected cfDNA samples sequenced through cost-effective low-pass whole-genome sequencing. LiquidCNA utilizes somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) to simultaneously genotype and quantify the size of the dominant subclone without requiring B-allele frequency information, matched-normal samples, or prior knowledge on the genetic identity of the emerging clone. We demonstrate the accuracy of liquidCNA in synthetically generated sample sets and in vitro mixtures of cancer cell lines. In vivo application in patients with metastatic lung cancer reveals the progressive emergence of a novel tumor subpopulation. LiquidCNA is straightforward to use, is computationally inexpensive, and enables continuous monitoring of subclonal evolution to understand and control-therapy-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Lakatos
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen Hockings
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Weini Huang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Cancer Services, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Trevor A. Graham
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Archetti M. Collapse of Intra-Tumor Cooperation Induced by Engineered Defector Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153674. [PMID: 34359576 PMCID: PMC8345189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer therapies promote clonal selection of resistant cells that evade treatment. Effective therapy must be stable against the evolution of resistance. A potential strategy based on concepts from evolutionary game theory is to impair intra-tumor cooperation using genetically modified cells in which genes coding for essential growth factors have been knocked out. Such engineered cells would spread by clonal selection, driving the collapse of intra-tumor cooperation and a consequent reduction in tumor growth. Here, I test this idea in vitro in four cancer types (neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer, mesothelioma, lung adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma). A reduction, or even complete eradication, of the producer clone and the consequent reduction in cell proliferation, is achieved in some but not all cases by introducing a small fraction of non-producer cells in the population. I show that the collapse of intra-tumor cooperation depends on the cost/benefit ratio of growth factor production. When stable cooperation among producer and non-producer cells occurs, its collapse can be induced by increasing the number of growth factors available to the cells. Considerations on nonlinear dynamics in the framework of evolutionary game theory explain this as the result of perturbation of the equilibrium of a system that resembles a public goods game, in which the production of growth factors is a cooperative phenotype. Inducing collapse of intra-tumor cooperation by engineering cancer cells will require the identification of growth factors that are essential for the tumor and that have a high cost of production for the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Archetti
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
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50
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Reid P, Staudacher AH, Marcu LG, Olver I, Moghaddasi L, Brown MP, Bezak E. Characteristic differences in radiation-induced DNA damage response in human papillomavirus-negative and human papillomavirus-positive head and neck cancers with accumulation of fractional radiation dose. Head Neck 2021; 43:3086-3096. [PMID: 34235809 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superior treatment responses by patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), compared to patients with HNSCC from other causes, drive biomarker research to optimize treatment. Most HNSCC patients receive radiation therapy delivered as a fractionated course. Changing HPV status in HNSCC from a positive prognostic marker to a predictive one requires biomarkers that capture cellular radiation response to cumulative dose. METHODS Nuclear enlargement, γH2AX expression and micronuclei count, were studied in six HNSCC cell lines after 4 Gy fractionated X-irradiation. RESULTS All HNSCC cell lines displayed altered cellular responses, indicating increasing inability to repair radiation damage with subsequent radiation fractions. Increases in nuclear area were significantly greater among HPV positive cell lines (207% and 67% for the HPV positive and HPV negative groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A different character of DNA repair dysfunction in the HPV positive group suggests greater chromosomal translocation with accumulated radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Reid
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Loredana G Marcu
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ian Olver
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- Genesis Care, Adelaide Radiotherapy Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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