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Dhupar R, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Gemmill RM, Bardawil CE, Udoh HM, Cubitt A, Nangle LA, Soloff AC. Orchestrating Resilience: How Neuropilin-2 and Macrophages Contribute to Cardiothoracic Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1446. [PMID: 38592275 PMCID: PMC10934188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunity has evolved to balance the destructive nature of inflammation with wound healing to overcome trauma, infection, environmental insults, and rogue malignant cells. The inflammatory response is marked by overlapping phases of initiation, resolution, and post-resolution remodeling. However, the disruption of these events can lead to prolonged tissue damage and organ dysfunction, resulting long-term disease states. Macrophages are the archetypic phagocytes present within all tissues and are important contributors to these processes. Pleiotropic and highly plastic in their responses, macrophages support tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration, all while balancing immunologic self-tolerance with the clearance of noxious stimuli, pathogens, and malignant threats. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a promiscuous co-receptor for growth factors, semaphorins, and integrins, has increasingly been recognized for its unique role in tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. Notably, recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of Nrp2 in both non-hematopoietic cells and macrophages with cardiothoracic disease. Herein, we describe the unique role of Nrp2 in diseases of the heart and lung, with an emphasis on Nrp2 in macrophages, and explore the potential to target Nrp2 as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Amy A. Powers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Seth H. Eisenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Robert M. Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Charles E. Bardawil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Hannah M. Udoh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Andrea Cubitt
- aTyr Pharma, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (A.C.); (L.A.N.)
| | | | - Adam C. Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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Kannan S, Rutkowski JM. VEGFR-3 signaling in macrophages: friend or foe in disease? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349500. [PMID: 38464522 PMCID: PMC10921555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have been increasingly appreciated in the context of immunology not only as passive conduits for immune and cancer cell transport but also as key in local tissue immunomodulation. Targeting lymphatic vessel growth and potential immune regulation often takes advantage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) signaling to manipulate lymphatic biology. A receptor tyrosine kinase, VEGFR-3, is highly expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells, and its signaling is key in lymphatic growth, development, and survival and, as a result, often considered to be "lymphatic-specific" in adults. A subset of immune cells, notably of the monocyte-derived lineage, have been identified to express VEGFR-3 in tissues from the lung to the gut and in conditions as varied as cancer and chronic kidney disease. These VEGFR-3+ macrophages are highly chemotactic toward the VEGFR-3 ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D. VEGFR-3 signaling has also been implicated in dictating the plasticity of these cells from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Conversely, expression may potentially be transient during monocyte differentiation with unknown effects. Macrophages play critically important and varied roles in the onset and resolution of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and vasculogenesis: targeting lymphatic vessel growth and immunomodulation by manipulating VEGFR-3 signaling may thus impact macrophage biology and their impact on disease pathogenesis. This mini review highlights the studies and pathologies in which VEGFR-3+ macrophages have been specifically identified, as well as the activity and polarization changes that macrophage VEGFR-3 signaling may elicit, and affords some conclusions as to the importance of macrophage VEGFR-3 signaling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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Mullen SA, Das D, Ziamiavaghi N, High R, Datta K, Teply BA. Association of plasma NRP2 and VEGF-C levels with prostate cancer disease severity. Prostate 2024; 84:277-284. [PMID: 37942701 PMCID: PMC10842186 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) expression in tissue is an independent prognostic factor for aggressive prostate cancer. Since the NRP2 pathway activation is thought to occur in part through secondary resistance, quantification of NRP2 in initial tissue biopsy specimens collected at diagnosis may have limited utility in identifying patients at highest risk for morbidity and mortality. Given that metastatic tissue is only occasionally obtained for analysis, there is a need for development of a plasma biomarker indicative of NRP2 pathway activation to potentially inform prostate cancer prognosis. Therefore, we investigated if plasma levels of NRP2 or vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), a known soluble ligand of NRP2, are prognostic for prostate cancer. We hypothesized that plasma NRP2 and VEGF-C would be associated with more advanced disease or relapsed disease. METHODS NRP2 and VEGF-C levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay in plasma samples obtained from 145 prostate cancer patients in an opportunistic biobank. These patients were either (1) newly diagnosed (N = 28), (2) in remission (N = 56), or (3) relapsed disease (N = 61). Plasma samples from 15 adult males without known malignancy served as a comparator cohort. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the association of plasma NRP2/VEGF-C with patient outcomes, adjusting for age, race, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and tumor stage at diagnosis. RESULTS Neither NRP2 nor VEGF-C levels were significantly different in cancer patients compared to noncancer controls. We observed no clear association between plasma NRP2 and disease severity. Increased plasma VEGF-C was significantly associated with disease remission and correlated with Stage I/II and intermediate-risk Gleason score. Neither NRP2 nor VEGF-C correlated with PSA level. CONCLUSIONS Although tissue NRP2 expression correlates with severe disease, this was not observed for plasma NRP2. Plasma NRP2 levels did not correlate with disease severity or relapse. VEGF-C was highest in patients in remission and with less severe disease. Future investigation is needed to identify noninvasive methods to assess tumor NRP2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Mullen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dipanwita Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Negin Ziamiavaghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robin High
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Benjamin A Teply
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Li T, Ran J, Miao Z, Yang M, Mou D, Jiang Y, Xu X, Xie Q, Jin K. Deficiency of inflammation-sensing protein neuropilin-2 in myeloid-derived macrophages exacerbates colitis via NF-κB activation. J Pathol 2024; 262:175-188. [PMID: 37946610 DOI: 10.1002/path.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a multifunctional protein engaged in the regulation of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, axon guidance, and tumor metastasis, but its function in colitis remains unclear. Here, we found that NRP2 was an inflammation-sensing protein rapidly and dramatically induced in myeloid cells, especially in macrophages, under inflammatory contexts. NRP2 deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced experimental colitis by promoting polarization of M1 macrophages and colon injury. Mechanistically, NRP2 could be induced via NF-κB activation by TNF-α in macrophages, but exerted an inhibitory effect on NF-κB signaling, forming a negative feedback loop with NF-κB to sense and alleviate inflammation. Deletion of NRP2 in macrophages broke this negative feedback circuit, leading to NF-κB overactivation, inflammatory exacerbation, and more severe colitis. Collectively, these findings reveal inflammation restriction as a role for NRP2 in macrophages under inflammation contexts and suggest that NRP2 in macrophages may relieve inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, PR China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Miao
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dachao Mou
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ke Jin
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Schultz DF, Billadeau DD, Jois SD. EGFR trafficking: effect of dimerization, dynamics, and mutation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1258371. [PMID: 37752992 PMCID: PMC10518470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1258371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous dimerization of EGF receptors (EGFR) and dysregulation of EGFR signaling has been associated with the development of different cancers. Under normal physiological conditions and to maintain homeostatic cell growth, once EGFR signaling occurs, it needs to be attenuated. Activated EGFRs are rapidly internalized, sorted through early endosomes, and ultimately degraded in lysosomes by a process generally known as receptor down-regulation. Through alterations to EGFR trafficking, tumors develop resistance to current treatment strategies, thus highlighting the necessity for combination treatment strategies that target EGFR trafficking. This review covers EGFR structure, trafficking, and altered surface expression of EGFR receptors in cancer, with a focus on how therapy targeting EGFR trafficking may aid tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Tian XM, Xiang B, Jin LM, Mi T, Wang JK, Zhanghuang C, Zhang ZX, Chen ML, Shi QL, Liu F, Lin T, Wei GH. Immune-related gene signature associates with immune landscape and predicts prognosis accurately in patients with Wilms tumour. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920666. [PMID: 36172369 PMCID: PMC9510599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common kidney malignancy in children. Chemoresistance is the leading cause of tumour recurrence and poses a substantial therapeutic challenge. Increasing evidence has underscored the role of the tumour immune microenvironment (TIM) in cancers and the potential for immunotherapy to improve prognosis. There remain no reliable molecular markers for reflecting the immune landscape and predicting patient survival in WT. Here, we examine differences in gene expression by high-throughput RNA sequencing, focused on differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) based on the ImmPort database. Via univariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis, IRGs were screened out to establish an immune signature. Kaplan-Meier curves, time-related ROC analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression studies, and nomograms were used to evaluate the accuracy and prognostic significance of this signature. Furthermore, we found that the immune signature could reflect the immune status and the immune cell infiltration character played in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and showed significant association with immune checkpoint molecules, suggesting that the poor outcome may be partially explained by its immunosuppressive TME. Remarkably, TIDE, a computational method to model tumour immune evasion mechanisms, showed that this signature holds great potential for predicting immunotherapy responses in the TARGET-wt cohort. To decipher the underlying mechanism, GSEA was applied to explore enriched pathways and biological processes associated with immunophenotyping and Connectivity map (CMap) along with DeSigN analysis for drug exploration. Finally, four candidate immune genes were selected, and their expression levels in WT cell lines were monitored via qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, we validated the function of a critical gene, NRP2. Taken together, we established a novel immune signature that may serve as an effective prognostic signature and predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in WT patients. This study may give light on therapeutic strategies for WT patients from an immunological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mao Tian
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin-Lin Shi
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Liu,
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
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Islam R, Mishra J, Polavaram NS, Bhattacharya S, Hong Z, Bodas S, Sharma S, Bouska A, Gilbreath T, Said AM, Smith LM, Teply BA, Muders MH, Batra SK, Datta K, Dutta S. Neuropilin-2 axis in regulating secretory phenotype of neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer cells and its implication in therapy resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111097. [PMID: 35858551 PMCID: PMC9362995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE)-like tumors secrete various signaling molecules to establish paracrine communication within the tumor milieu and to create a therapy-resistant environment. It is important to identify molecular mediators that regulate this secretory phenotype in NE-like cancer. The current study highlights the importance of a cell surface molecule, Neuropilin-2 (NRP2), for the secretory function of NE-like prostate cancer (PCa). Our analysis on different patient cohorts suggests that NRP2 is high in NE-like PCa. We have developed cell line models to investigate NRP2's role in NE-like PCa. Our bioinformatics, mass spectrometry, cytokine array, and other supporting experiments reveal that NRP2 regulates robust secretory phenotype in NE-like PCa and controls the secretion of factors promoting cancer cell survival. Depletion of NRP2 reduces the secretion of these factors and makes resistant cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, targeting NRP2 can revert cellular secretion and sensitize PCa cells toward therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Navatha Shree Polavaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sreyashi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhengdong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sanika Bodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alyssa Bouska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tyler Gilbreath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ahmed M Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin A Teply
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael H Muders
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Center for Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, BCC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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8
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Saikia Q, Reeve H, Alzahrani A, Critchley WR, Zeqiraj E, Divan A, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. VEGFR endocytosis: Implications for angiogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 194:109-139. [PMID: 36631189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) superfamily to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs) and co-receptors regulates vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. A recurring theme is that dysfunction in VEGF signaling promotes pathological angiogenesis, an important feature of cancer and pro-inflammatory disease states. Endocytosis of basal (resting) or activated VEGFRs facilitates signal attenuation and endothelial quiescence. However, increasing evidence suggest that activated VEGFRs can continue to signal from intracellular compartments such as endosomes. In this chapter, we focus on the evolving link between VEGFR endocytosis, signaling and turnover and the implications for angiogenesis. There is much interest in how such understanding of VEGFR dynamics can be harnessed therapeutically for a wide range of human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Saikia
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Reeve
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Areej Alzahrani
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - William R Critchley
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aysha Divan
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Harrison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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9
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Islam R, Mishra J, Bodas S, Bhattacharya S, Batra SK, Dutta S, Datta K. Role of Neuropilin-2-mediated signaling axis in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:771-787. [PMID: 35776228 PMCID: PMC9247951 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane proteins involved in vascular and nervous system development by regulating angiogenesis and axon guidance cues. Several published reports have established their role in tumorigenesis. NRPs are detectable in tumor cells of several cancer types and participate in cancer progression. NRP2 is also expressed in endothelial and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and promotes functions such as lymphangiogenesis and immune suppression important for cancer progression. In this review, we have taken a comprehensive approach to discussing various aspects of NRP2-signaling in cancer, including its regulation, functional significance in cancer progression, and how we could utilize our current knowledge to advance the studies and target NRP2 to develop effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanika Bodas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sreyashi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Acevedo-Díaz A, Morales-Cabán BM, Zayas-Santiago A, Martínez-Montemayor MM, Suárez-Arroyo IJ. SCAMP3 Regulates EGFR and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells through the Modulation of AKT, ERK, and STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2807. [PMID: 35681787 PMCID: PMC9179572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, metastatic, and lethal breast cancer subtype. To improve the survival of TNBC patients, it is essential to explore new signaling pathways for the further development of effective drugs. This study aims to investigate the role of the secretory carrier membrane protein 3 (SCAMP3) in TNBC and its association with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Through an internalization assay, we demonstrated that SCAMP3 colocalizes and redistributes EGFR from the cytoplasm to the perinucleus. Furthermore, SCAMP3 knockout decreased proliferation, colony and tumorsphere formation, cell migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Immunoblots and degradation assays showed that SCAMP3 regulates EGFR through its degradation. In addition, SCAMP3 modulates AKT, ERK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. TNBC xenograft models showed that SCAMP3 depletion delayed tumor cell proliferation at the beginning of tumor development and modulated the expression of genes from the PDGF pathway. Additionally, analysis of TCGA data revealed elevated SCAMP3 expression in breast cancer tumors. Finally, patients with TNBC with high expression of SCAMP3 showed decreased RFS and DMFS. Our findings indicate that SCAMP3 could contribute to TNBC development through the regulation of multiple pathways and has the potential to be a target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz M. Morales-Cabán
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA; (B.M.M.-C.); (M.M.M.-M.)
| | - Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA;
| | - Michelle M. Martínez-Montemayor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA; (B.M.M.-C.); (M.M.M.-M.)
| | - Ivette J. Suárez-Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA; (B.M.M.-C.); (M.M.M.-M.)
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11
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Immormino RM, Jania CM, Tilley SL, Moran TP. Neuropilin‐2 regulates airway inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma model. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e575. [PMID: 34861108 PMCID: PMC8926497 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a heterogenous disease that can be classified into eosinophilic (type 2‐high) and noneosinophilic (type 2‐low) endotypes. The type 2‐low endotype of asthma can be characterized by the presence of neutrophilic airway inflammation that is poorly responsive to corticosteroids. Dysregulated innate immune responses to microbial products including Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands have been associated with the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. The key molecules that regulate inflammatory responses in individuals with neutrophilic asthma remain unclear. We previously reported that the immunoregulatory receptor neuropilin‐2 (NRP2) is expressed by murine and human alveolar macrophage (AM) and suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. Methods Here, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of NRP2 in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma. Results We found that TLR ligands, but not T helper 2 (Th2)‐promoting adjuvants, induced NRP2 expression by AM. Using an LPS‐mediated model of neutrophilic asthma, we demonstrate that NRP2 was increased in AM and other lung antigen‐presenting cells following airway challenge with antigen. Conditional deletion of NRP2 in myeloid cells exacerbated airway inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma model. In contrast, myeloid‐specific ablation of NRP2 did not affect airway inflammation in a Th2‐mediated eosinophilic asthma model. Myeloid‐specific ablation of NRP2 did not affect Th1/Th17 responses to inhaled antigens or expression of neutrophil chemokines but rather resulted in impaired efferocytosis by AM, which is necessary for effective resolution of airway inflammation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that NRP2 is a negative regulator of airway inflammation associated with neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Immormino
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Corey M. Jania
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephen L. Tilley
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Timothy P. Moran
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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12
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Poghosyan S, Frenkel N, Lentzas A, Laoukili J, Rinkes IB, Kranenburg O, Hagendoorn J. Loss of Neuropilin-2 in Murine Mesenchymal-like Colon Cancer Organoids Causes Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition and an Acquired Dependency on Insulin-Receptor Signaling and Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030671. [PMID: 35158941 PMCID: PMC8833430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many cancer types are reported to have high lymphangiogenic receptor Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2) expression, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nrp2 is shown to be associated with tumor progression in vivo and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Although the role of Nrp2 is well established in lymphangiogenesis, the tumor cell-intrinsic role of Nrp2 remains elusive. Here, we employed murine CRC tumor-derived mesenchymal-like organoids to induce Nrp2 depletion. We demonstrate that Nrp2 deletion in CRC organoids results in a drastically altered phenotype that is characterized by mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and an acquired dependency on IR signaling and autophagy. This phenotype is preserved in subcutaneous tumors generated by CRC organoids. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between Nrp2 and alternative pro-survival mechanisms in aggressive CRC, which could be therapeutically exploited. Abstract Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), an important regulator of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, has been associated with progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the tumor cell-intrinsic role of Nrp2 in cancer progression is incompletely understood. To address this question, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to generate Nrp2-knockout organoids derived from murine CRC tumors with a mesenchymal phenotype. Transcriptome profiling and tumor tissue analysis showed that Nrp2 loss resulted in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), which was accompanied with restored polarity and tight junction stabilization. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that Nrp2-knockout organoids acquire de novo dependency on insulin receptor (IR) signaling and autophagy as alternative survival mechanisms. Combined inhibition of IR signaling and autophagy prevented the stabilization of cell-cell junctions, reduced metabolic activity, and caused profound cell death in Nrp2-knockout organoids. Collectively, the data demonstrate a key role for Nrp2 in maintaining the aggressive phenotype and survival of tumor-derived CRC organoids. The identified connection between Nrp2, insulin receptor signaling and autophagy may guide the development of novel combination-treatment strategies for aggressive CRC.
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13
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The Role of Neuropilin-2 in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010172. [PMID: 35052853 PMCID: PMC8773800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) expression has been found in various investigations on the expression and function of NRP-2 in colorectal cancer. The link between NRP-2 and colorectal cancer, as well as the mechanism that regulates it, is still mostly unclear. This systematic review was carried out according to the Cochrane guidelines for systematic reviews. We searched PubMed, Embase®, MEDLINE, Allied & Complementary MedicineTM, Medical Toxicology & Environmental Health, DH-DATA: Health Administration for articles published before 1 October 2021. The following search terms were used: “neuropilin-2” “neuropilin 2”, “NRP2” and “NRP-2”, “colorectal cancer”, “colon cancer”. Ten articles researching either tumor tissue samples, cell lines, or mice models were included in this review. The majority of human primary and metastatic colon cancer cell lines expressed NRP-2 compared to the normal colonic mucosa. NRPs have been discovered in human cancers as well as neovasculature. The presence of NRP-2 appears to be connected to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition’s function in cancer dissemination and metastatic evolution. The studies were heterogeneous, but the data assessed indicates NRP-2 might have an impact on the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells. Nevertheless, further research is needed.
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14
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Frömel T, Naeem Z, Pirzeh L, Fleming I. Cytochrome P450-derived fatty acid epoxides and diols in angiogenesis and stem cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108049. [PMID: 34848204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are frequently referred to as the third pathway for the metabolism of arachidonic acid. While it is true that these enzymes generate arachidonic acid epoxides i.e. the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), they are able to accept a wealth of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate a large range of regio- and stereo-isomers with distinct biochemical properties and physiological actions. Probably the best studied are the EETs which have well documented effects on vascular reactivity and angiogenesis. CYP enzymes can also participate in crosstalk with other PUFA pathways and metabolize prostaglandin G2 and H2, which are the precursors of effector prostaglandins, to affect macrophage function and lymphangiogenesis. The activity of the PUFA epoxides is thought to be kept in check by the activity of epoxide hydrolases. However, rather than being inactive, the diols generated have been shown to regulate neutrophil activation, stem and progenitor cell proliferation and Notch signaling in addition to acting as exercise-induced lipokines. Excessive production of PUFA diols has also been implicated in pathologies such as severe respiratory distress syndromes, including COVID-19, and diabetic retinopathy. This review highlights some of the recent findings related to this pathway that affect angiogenesis and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lale Pirzeh
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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15
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A widespread viral entry mechanism: The C-end Rule motif-neuropilin receptor interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112457118. [PMID: 34772761 PMCID: PMC8670474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112457118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many phylogenetically distant animal viruses, including the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, have surface proteins with polybasic sites that are cleaved by host furin and furin-like proteases. Other than priming certain viral surface proteins for fusion, cleavage generates a carboxy-terminal RXXR sequence. This C-end Rule (CendR) motif is known to bind to neuropilin (NRP) receptors on the cell surface. NRPs are ubiquitously expressed, pleiotropic cell surface receptors with important roles in growth factor signaling, vascular biology, and neurobiology, as well as immune homeostasis and activation. The CendR–NRP receptor interaction promotes endocytic internalization and tissue spreading of different cargo, including viral particles. We propose that the interaction between viral surface proteins and NRPs plays an underappreciated and prevalent role in the transmission and pathogenesis of diverse viruses and represents a promising broad-spectrum antiviral target.
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16
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Common DNA methylation dynamics in endometriod adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma suggest universal epigenomic alterations in tumorigenesis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:607. [PMID: 34021236 PMCID: PMC8140130 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trends in altered DNA methylation have been defined across human cancers, revealing global loss of methylation (hypomethylation) and focal gain of methylation (hypermethylation) as frequent cancer hallmarks. Although many cancers share these trends, little is known about the specific differences in DNA methylation changes across cancer types, particularly outside of promoters. Here, we present a comprehensive comparison of DNA methylation changes between two distinct cancers, endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), to elucidate common rules of methylation dysregulation and changes unique to cancers derived from specific cells. Both cancers exhibit significant changes in methylation over regulatory elements. Notably, hypermethylated enhancers within EAC samples contain several transcription factor binding site clusters with enriched disease ontology terms highlighting uterine function, while hypermethylated enhancers in GBM are found to overlap active enhancer marks in adult brain. These findings suggest that loss of original cellular identity may be a shared step in tumorigenesis.
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17
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Polavaram NS, Dutta S, Islam R, Bag AK, Roy S, Poitz D, Karnes J, Hofbauer LC, Kohli M, Costello BA, Jimenez R, Batra SK, Teply BA, Muders MH, Datta K. Tumor- and osteoclast-derived NRP2 in prostate cancer bone metastases. Bone Res 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 33990538 PMCID: PMC8121836 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of neuropilin 2 (NRP2) in prostate cancer cells as well as in the bone microenvironment is pivotal in the development of an effective targeted therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis. We observed a significant upregulation of NRP2 in prostate cancer cells metastasized to bone. Here, we report that targeting NRP2 in cancer cells can enhance taxane-based chemotherapy with a better therapeutic outcome in bone metastasis, implicating NRP2 as a promising therapeutic target. Since, osteoclasts present in the tumor microenvironment express NRP2, we have investigated the potential effect of targeting NRP2 in osteoclasts. Our results revealed NRP2 negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and function in the presence of prostate cancer cells that promotes mixed bone lesions. Our study further delineated the molecular mechanisms by which NRP2 regulates osteoclast function. Interestingly, depletion of NRP2 in osteoclasts in vivo showed a decrease in the overall prostate tumor burden in the bone. These results therefore indicate that targeting NRP2 in prostate cancer cells as well as in the osteoclastic compartment can be beneficial in the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navatha Shree Polavaram
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ridwan Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Center for Healthy Aging and Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manish Kohli
- School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Raffael Jimenez
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin A Teply
- Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology & Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael H Muders
- Rudolf- Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Neuropilin-2 and Its Transcript Variants Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Bladder Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040550. [PMID: 33918816 PMCID: PMC8070368 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer ranks among the 10 most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. In our previous study, the transmembrane protein neuropilin-2 (NRP2) emerged as a predictive marker in patients with bladder cancer. NRP2 consists of several splice variants; the most abundant of these, NRP2a and NRP2b, are reported to have different biological functions in lung cancer progression. For other cancer types, there are no published data on the role of these transcript variants in cancer progression and the clinical outcome. Here, we correlate NRP2 and its two most abundant transcript variants, NRP2A and NRP2B, with the clinical outcome using available genomic data with subsequent validation in our own cohort of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In addition to NRP2, NRP1 and the NRP ligands PDGFC and PDGFD were studied. Only NRP2A emerged as an independent prognostic marker for shorter cancer-specific survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer in our cohort of 102 patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2008 and 2014 with a median follow-up time of 82 months. Additionally, we demonstrate that high messenger expression of NRP2, NRP1, PDGFC and PDGFD associates with a more aggressive disease (i.e., a high T stage, positive lymph node status and reduced survival).
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19
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Ouyang L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fu AKY, Fu WY, Ip NY. p39-associated Cdk5 activity regulates dendritic morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18746. [PMID: 33127972 PMCID: PMC7603351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites, branched structures extending from neuronal cell soma, are specialized for processing information from other neurons. The morphogenesis of dendritic structures is spatiotemporally regulated by well-orchestrated signaling cascades. Dysregulation of these processes impacts the wiring of neuronal circuit and efficacy of neurotransmission, which contribute to the pathogeneses of neurological disorders. While Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) plays a critical role in neuronal dendritic development, its underlying molecular control is not fully understood. In this study, we show that p39, one of the two neuronal Cdk5 activators, is a key regulator of dendritic morphogenesis. Pyramidal neurons deficient in p39 exhibit aberrant dendritic morphology characterized by shorter length and reduced arborization, which is comparable to dendrites in Cdk5-deficient neurons. RNA sequencing analysis shows that the adaptor protein, WDFY1 (WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing 1), acts downstream of Cdk5/p39 to regulate dendritic morphogenesis. While WDFY1 is elevated in p39-deficient neurons, suppressing its expression rescues the impaired dendritic arborization. Further phosphoproteomic analysis suggests that Cdk5/p39 mediates dendritic morphogenesis by modulating various downstream signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt-, cAMP-, or small GTPase-mediated signaling transduction pathways, thereby regulating cytoskeletal organization, protein synthesis, and protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ouyang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Wing-Yu Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China. .,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Peng X, Yang L, Ma Y, Li Y, Li H. Focus on the morphogenesis, fate and the role in tumor progression of multivesicular bodies. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 32771015 PMCID: PMC7414566 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are endosome organelles that are gradually attracting research attention. Initially, MVBs were considered as important components of the endosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway. In recent years, with an increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) research, the biogenesis, fate, and pathological effects of MVBs have been increasingly studied. However, the mechanisms by which MVBs are sorted to the lysosome and plasma membrane remain unclear. In addition, whether the trafficking of MVBs can determine whether exosomes are released from cells, the factors are involved in cargo loading and regulating the fate of MVBs, and the roles that MVBs play in the development of disease are unknown. Consequently, this review focuses on the mechanism of MVB biogenesis, intraluminal vesicle formation, sorting of different cargoes, and regulation of their fate. We also discuss the mechanisms of emerging amphisome-dependent secretion and degradation. In addition, we highlight the contributions of MVBs to the heterogeneity of EVs, and their important roles in cancer. Thus, we attempt to unravel the various functions of MVBs in the cell and their multiple roles in tumor progression. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yingbo Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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21
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Dumond A, Pagès G. Neuropilins, as Relevant Oncology Target: Their Role in the Tumoral Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:662. [PMID: 32766254 PMCID: PMC7380111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the key mechanisms involved in tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) represent one of the major signaling pathways which mediates angiogenesis. The VEGF/VEGFR axis was intensively targeted by monoclonal antibodies or by tyrosine kinase inhibitors to destroy the tumor vascular network. By inhibiting oxygen and nutrient supply, this strategy was supposed to cure cancers. However, despite a lengthening of the progression free survival in several types of tumors including colon, lung, breast, kidney, and ovarian cancers, modest improvements in overall survival were reported. Anti-angiogenic therapies targeting VEGF/VEGFR are still used in colon and ovarian cancer and remain reference treatments for renal cell carcinoma. Although the concept of inhibiting angiogenesis remains relevant, new targets need to be discovered to improve the therapeutic index of anti-VEGF/VEGFR. Neuropilin 1 and 2 (NRP1/2), initially described as neuronal receptors, stimulate angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and immune tolerance. Moreover, overexpression of NRPs in several tumors is synonymous of patients' shorter survival. This article aims to overview the different roles of NRPs in cells constituting the tumor microenvironment to highlight the therapeutic relevance of their targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Dumond
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.,Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR 7284, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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22
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Cyp2c44 regulates prostaglandin synthesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5923-5930. [PMID: 32123095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921381117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid epoxides generated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have been linked to increased tumor growth and metastasis, largely on the basis of overexpression studies and the application of exogenous epoxides. Here we studied tumor growth and metastasis in Cyp2c44-/- mice crossed onto the polyoma middle T oncogene (PyMT) background. The resulting PyMT2c44 mice developed more primary tumors earlier than PyMT mice, with increased lymph and lung metastasis. Primary tumors from Cyp2c44-deficient mice contained higher numbers of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as more lymphatic endothelial cells than tumors from PyMT mice. While epoxide and diol levels were comparable in tumors from both genotypes, prostaglandin (PG) levels were higher in the PyMTΔ2c44 tumors. This could be accounted for by the finding that Cyp2c44 metabolized the PG precursor, PGH2 to 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT), thus effectively reducing levels of effector PGs (including PGE2). Next, proteomic analyses revealed an up-regulation of WD repeating domain FYVE1 (WDFY1) in tumors from PyMTΔ2c44 mice, a phenomenon that was reproduced in Cyp2c44-deficient macrophages as well as by PGE2 Mechanistically, WDFY1 was involved in Toll-like receptor signaling, and its down-regulation in human monocytes attenuated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and nuclear factor-κB. Taken together, our results indicate that Cyp2c44 protects against tumor growth and metastasis by preventing the synthesis of PGE2 The latter eicosanoid influenced macrophages at least in part by enhancing Toll-like receptor signaling via the up-regulation of WDFY1.
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The Emerging Role of Rab5 in Membrane Receptor Trafficking and Signaling Pathways. Biochem Res Int 2020; 2020:4186308. [PMID: 32104603 PMCID: PMC7036122 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4186308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras analog in brain (Rab) proteins are small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that belong to the Ras-like GTPase superfamily, and they can regulate vesicle trafficking. Rab proteins alternate between an activated (GTP-bound) state and an inactivated (GDP-bound) state. Early endosome marker Rab5 GTPase, a key member of the Rab family, plays a crucial role in endocytosis and membrane transport. The activated-state Rab5 recruits its effectors and regulates the internalization and trafficking of membrane receptors by regulating vesicle fusion and receptor sorting in the early endosomes. In this review, we summarize the role of small Rab GTPases Rab5 in membrane receptor trafficking and the activation of signaling pathways, such as Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt, which ultimately affect cell growth, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and tumor development. This review may provide some insights for our future research and novel therapeutic targets for diseases.
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24
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Xuan Z, Zhao L, Li Z, Song W, Chen J, Chen J, Chen H, Song G, Jin C, Zhou M, Xie H, Zheng S, Song P. EPS8L3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by modulating EGFR dimerization and internalization. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:60-77. [PMID: 32064153 PMCID: PMC7017737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase substrate 8 (EPS8) family, the role of EPS8 like 3 protein (EPS8L3) has not been well studied in malignancies. However, EPS8 has been reported to be associated with prognosis and functions in several kinds of cancers. Hence, whether EPS8L3 plays similar roles in the tumorigenesis of human cancers, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is still needed to be further explored. In this study, we revealed that EPS8L3 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and was associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that EPS8L3 could promote the proliferative ability by downregulating p21/p27 expression, and promote the migratory and invasive abilities by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EPS8L3 could affect the activation of the EGFR-ERK pathway by modulating EGFR dimerization and internalization, which may not depend on the formation of EPS8L3-SOS1-ABI1 complex. Taken together, our study showed that EPS8L3 plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC, and it might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Xuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zequn Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengqiao Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Penghong Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, China
- NHCPRC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMSHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Borchardt H, Schulz A, Datta K, Muders MH, Aigner A. Silencing of Neuropilins and GIPC1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma exerts multiple cellular and molecular antitumor effects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15471. [PMID: 31664117 PMCID: PMC6820541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with new treatment options urgently needed. Neuropilins-1/-2 (NRP1, NRP2) are receptors for semaphorins and angiogenic growth factors, while the GAIP interacting protein C-terminus 1 (GIPC1, aka Synectin) interacts with the neuropilins. They are overexpressed in PDAC and associated with poor survival as well as tumor-promoting activities. Thus, neuropilin and/or GIPC1 silencing may inhibit PDAC growth. In this study, we directly compare the various tumor-inhibitory effects of transient RNAi-mediated depletion of NRP1, NRP2 and GIPC1, alone or in combination, in a set of cell lines with different expression levels. Inhibition of anchorage-dependent and –independent proliferation, colony formation and cell migration, alterations of 3D-spheroid size and shape as well as retardation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis have been analyzed and found to vary between cell lines. The observed effects are independent of initial expression levels. Knocking down NRP1, NRP2, and GIPC1 alone demonstrates significant effects. Only small additive effects upon combined knockdown and no counter-upregulation of the respective other genes could be detected. Making the study more translational, we show that systemic treatment of PDAC xenograft-bearing mice with polymeric nanoparticles for delivery of specific siRNAs results in tumor inhibition, reduces proliferation, and induces apoptosis. In conclusion, NRP and GIPC1 inhibition emerges as a promising avenue in PDAC treatment due to pleiotropic tumor-inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. .,Rudolf-Becker-Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Borkowetz A, Froehner M, Rauner M, Conrad S, Erdmann K, Mayr T, Datta K, Hofbauer LC, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Fuessel S, Toma M, Muders MH. Neuropilin‐2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer‐specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2619-2627. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Marietta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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27
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A Humanized Yeast Phenomic Model of Deoxycytidine Kinase to Predict Genetic Buffering of Nucleoside Analog Cytotoxicity. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100770. [PMID: 31575041 PMCID: PMC6826991 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about synthetic lethality can be applied to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies in individual patients harboring genetic alterations in their cancer that specifically render it vulnerable. We investigated the potential for high-resolution phenomic analysis in yeast to predict such genetic vulnerabilities by systematic, comprehensive, and quantitative assessment of drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine, substrates of deoxycytidine kinase that have similar molecular structures yet distinct antitumor efficacy. Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was conditionally expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic library of knockout and knockdown (YKO/KD) strains, to globally and quantitatively characterize differential drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that autophagy, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and apoptosis-related processes influence gemcitabine specifically, while drug–gene interaction specific to cytarabine was less enriched in gene ontology. Processes having influence over both drugs were DNA repair and integrity checkpoints and vesicle transport and fusion. Non-gene ontology (GO)-enriched genes were also informative. Yeast phenomic and cancer cell line pharmacogenomics data were integrated to identify yeast–human homologs with correlated differential gene expression and drug efficacy, thus providing a unique resource to predict whether differential gene expression observed in cancer genetic profiles are causal in tumor-specific responses to cytotoxic agents.
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28
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Elaimy AL, Amante JJ, Zhu LJ, Wang M, Walmsley CS, FitzGerald TJ, Goel HL, Mercurio AM. The VEGF receptor neuropilin 2 promotes homologous recombination by stimulating YAP/TAZ-mediated Rad51 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14174-14180. [PMID: 31235595 PMCID: PMC6628806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821194116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in tumor cells mediated by neuropilins (NRPs) contributes to the aggressive nature of several cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), independently of its role in angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms by which VEGF-NRP signaling contributes to the phenotype of such cancers is a significant and timely problem. We report that VEGF-NRP2 promote homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1 wild-type TNBC cells by contributing to the expression and function of Rad51, an essential enzyme in the HR pathway that mediates efficient DNA double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that VEGF-NRP2 stimulates YAP/TAZ-dependent Rad51 expression and that Rad51 is a direct YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional target. We also discovered that VEGF-NRP2-YAP/TAZ signaling contributes to the resistance of TNBC cells to cisplatin and that Rad51 rescues the defects in DNA repair upon inhibition of either VEGF-NRP2 or YAP/TAZ. These findings reveal roles for VEGF-NRP2 and YAP/TAZ in DNA repair, and they indicate a unified mechanism involving VEGF-NRP2, YAP/TAZ, and Rad51 that contributes to resistance to platinum chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer L Elaimy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - John J Amante
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Charlotte S Walmsley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Thomas J FitzGerald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Hira Lal Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
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29
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Jin UH, Karki K, Kim SB, Safe S. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer Panc1 cell migration by omeprazole is dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation of JNK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 501:751-757. [PMID: 29758193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active pharmaceuticals were screened as inhibitors of pancreatic cancer cell invasion and identified two compounds, omeprazole, that inhibited invasion. Inhibition of highly invasive Panc1 cell invasion by omeprazole involves an AhR-dependent non-genomic pathway, and omeprazole-mediated inhibition of Panc1 cell invasion was dependent on Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mitogen-activated kinase kinase 7 (MKK7). The failure of omeprazole to induce nuclear translocation of the AhR was not due to overexpression of cytosolic AhR partner proteins Hsp90 or XAP2, and results of DNA sequencing show that the AhR expressed in Panc1 cells was not mutated. Results of RNAseq studies indicate that omeprazole induced an AhR-dependent downregulation of several pro-invasion factors including activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), long chain fatty acid CoA-synthase (CSL4), stathmin 3 (STMN3) and neuropillin 2 (NRP2), and the specific functions of these genes are currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Keshav Karki
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sang-Bae Kim
- Human Genomic Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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30
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VEGF/Neuropilin Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030490. [PMID: 30678134 PMCID: PMC6387347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer extends beyond angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Specifically, VEGF-mediated signaling occurs in tumor cells and this signaling contributes to key aspects of tumorigenesis including the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases, the neuropilins (NRPs) are critical for mediating the effects of VEGF on CSCs, primarily because of their ability to impact the function of growth factor receptors and integrins. VEGF/NRP signaling can regulate the expression and function of key molecules that have been implicated in CSC function including Rho family guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and transcription factors. The VEGF/NRP signaling axis is a prime target for therapy because it can confer resistance to standard chemotherapy, which is ineffective against most CSCs. Indeed, several studies have shown that targeting either NRP1 or NRP2 can inhibit tumor initiation and decrease resistance to other therapies.
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31
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Matkar PN, Jong ED, Ariyagunarajah R, Prud'homme GJ, Singh KK, Leong-Poi H. Jack of many trades: Multifaceted role of neuropilins in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5036-5046. [PMID: 30216699 PMCID: PMC6198212 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) have been described as receptors for class 3 semaphorins and coreceptors for a plethora of ligands, such as members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of angiogenic cytokines and transforming growth factor (TGF). Initial studies using genetic models have indicated that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is essential for axonal guidance during neuronal and cardiovascular development, regulated via semaphorins and VEGF, respectively, whereas the other homolog of neuropilin, NRP-2, has been shown to play a more specific role in neuronal patterning and lymphangiogenesis. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a significant cause of cancer mortality with the lowest five-year survival rate compared to other types of cancer. Recent findings have indicated that NRPs are abundantly expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic tumor tissues, where they mediate several essential cancer-initiating and cancer-promoting functional responses through their unique ability to bind multiple ligands. Specifically, NRPs have been implicated in numerous biological processes such as cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and tumor growth. More recently, several other protumorigenic roles mediated by NRPs have emerged, advocating NRPs as ideal therapeutic targets against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiek N Matkar
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric D Jong
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Gerald J Prud'homme
- Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Bavelaar BM, Lee BQ, Gill MR, Falzone N, Vallis KA. Subcellular Targeting of Theranostic Radionuclides. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:996. [PMID: 30233374 PMCID: PMC6131480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen rapid growth in the use of theranostic radionuclides for the treatment and imaging of a wide range of cancers. Radionuclide therapy and imaging rely on a radiolabeled vector to specifically target cancer cells. Radionuclides that emit β particles have thus far dominated the field of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), mainly because the longer range (μm-mm track length) of these particles offsets the heterogeneous expression of the molecular target. Shorter range (nm-μm track length) α- and Auger electron (AE)-emitting radionuclides on the other hand provide high ionization densities at the site of decay which could overcome much of the toxicity associated with β-emitters. Given that there is a growing body of evidence that other sensitive sites besides the DNA, such as the cell membrane and mitochondria, could be critical targets in TRT, improved techniques in detecting the subcellular distribution of these radionuclides are necessary, especially since many β-emitting radionuclides also emit AE. The successful development of TRT agents capable of homing to targets with subcellular precision demands the parallel development of quantitative assays for evaluation of spatial distribution of radionuclides in the nm-μm range. In this review, the status of research directed at subcellular targeting of radionuclide theranostics and the methods for imaging and quantification of radionuclide localization at the nanoscale are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via the EGFR pathway and caspase signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77916-77925. [PMID: 27788491 PMCID: PMC5363631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) has demonstrated efficacy against several solid tumors. In this study, we found that PA-MSHA inhibited the proliferation of PANC-1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells, but had no obvious effects on HPDE6-C7 normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of apoptotic bodies and intracellular vacuole formation in PA-MSHA-treated pancreatic cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated the rate of apoptosis correlated with the PA-MSHA concentration. We observed a decrease in cell fractions in G0/G1 and G2/M phases, and an increase in the fraction in S phase (p < 0.01). PA-MSHA thus caused cell cycle arrest. Increasing concentrations of PA-MSHA did not alter total levels of EGFR, AKT or ERK, but levels of the corresponding phosphoproteins decreased. PA-MSHA also reduced tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer (p < 0.01). Furthermore, caspase-3 levels decreased while the levels of cleaved caspase-3 increased (p < 0.01). These data suggest that by blocking cell cycle progression, PA-MSHA induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. PA-MSHA-mediated inhibition of EGFR signaling and activation of the caspase pathway may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
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McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Neuropilin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptors cooperatively regulate intermediate filaments and mesenchymal cell migration during alveolar septation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29543041 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00511.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of secondary alveolar septa occurs primarily after birth in humans and is complete in mice postnatally, when mechanical stresses vary as air space pressure oscillates. Alveolar mesenchymal cells deposit elastic fibers, which limit cell strain; although when the elastic fiber network is incomplete, this function is also served by the intracellular cytoskeleton. Intermediate filament proteins support deformation during cell division and migration, which occur during septal elongation. Because platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) signaling is essential for alveolar septation, we hypothesized that neuropilin-1 (NRP1) may link PDGFRα to cytoskeletal deformation. During cell migration, NRP1 links receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to cytoskeletal and focal adhesion remodeling. Therefore, we examined the consequences of nrp1 gene deletion in alveolar mesenchymal cells (myofibroblasts and pericytes). NRP1 depletion reduced the proportion of mesenchymal cells that contain nestin and desmin within the subpopulation that lacked PDGFRα but contained PDGFRβ. Desmin was reduced at alveolar entry rings, air spaces were enlarged, and surface area was reduced after NRP1 depletion. PDGFRα and NRP1 colocalized to membrane lipid rafts, which are known to contain Src kinase. NRP1 depletion reduced alveolar mesenchymal cell migration and PDGF-A-mediated activation of Src kinase, which may limit accumulation of desmin at septal tips (alveolar entry rings). Cooperation between NRP1 and PDGF signaling is required for secondary septation, and manipulation of NRP1 could promote alveolar regeneration without producing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa
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35
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Cyclosporin A induces autophagy in cardiac fibroblasts through the NRP-2/WDFY-1 axis. Biochimie 2018; 148:55-62. [PMID: 29501733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an effective immunosuppressive agent, but its myocardial toxicity limits its widespread and long-term clinical application. In this study, CsA treatment led to damages in myocardial fiber structure, an increase in myocardial fibrosis, and changes in heart size and shape; moreover, the degree of damage was exacerbated with prolonged drug application and increases in dose. However, the mechanism is not clear; therefore, the purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of CsA-induced myocardial fibrosis and identify a new target for the prevention and treatment of CsA-induced myocardial injury. Cardiac fibroblasts were treated with CsA (5, 10, or 20 μg/mL) for 24 h. Autophagy was observed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The expression of NRP-2/WDFY-1, autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1 and LC3B), fibrosis-related proteins (MMP2/9), and fibroblast phenotype conversion factor (α-SMA) was evaluated by Western blot. The expression of collagen I was determined by ELISA. Then, we used the gene interference technique to alter WDFY-1 expression with or without CsA or 3-MA treatment for 24 h, and the effects on autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins, fibrosis-associated proteins, IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-6 were determined. The results showed the following: (1) CsA induced fibrosis-related protein (MMP2/9), fibroblast phenotype conversion factor (α-SMA), and collagen I up-regulation in a dose-dependent manner. (2) CsA induced the formation of autophagosomes and up-regulated the expression of Beclin1, LC3B, and the ERK/MAPK pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. (3) CsA induced NRP-2 down-regulation and WDFY-1 up-regulation. (4) Depletion of WDFY-1 inhibited CsA-induced autophagy, TNF-α and IFN-α up-regulation, and fibrosis. (5) The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA inhibited CsA-induced TNF-α and IFN-α up-regulation and fibrosis. Overall, cyclosporin A induces autophagy in cardiac fibroblasts through the NRP-2/WDFY-1 axis, which promotes the progression of myocardial fibrosis.
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36
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Wei F, Ding L, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Qinghua L, Ma Y, Guo L, Lv G, Liu Y. Ribosomal protein L34 promotes the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85259-85272. [PMID: 27845896 PMCID: PMC5356734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are the main components of ribosomes and participate in the self-assembly of ribosomes and protein synthesis. Recent advance has shown that RPs play important roles in the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers. However, the expression status and function of RPL34 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. In this study, we find that RPL34 is overexpressed in PC tissues and cell lines, which is correlated with decreased methylation of its promoter. Knockdown of RPL34 effectively suppresses the proliferation, colony formation, migration and drug-resistance of PC cells, which are accompanied by cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase and induction of apoptosis. In vivo assays demonstrate that RPL34 silencing inhibits PC tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, gene expression profiling revealed that RPL34 silencing results in alteration of the MAPK and p53 signaling pathways. Clinically, our data indicate a positive association of RPL34 expression with tumor stage and metastasis in PCs. We revealed that RPL34 acts as a potential onco-protein in PC, and RPL34 may be a promising biomarker for prognosis prediction and a potential target for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhentong Wei
- Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Luo Qinghua
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of PLA, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yuteng Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of PLA, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Jilin 130122, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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37
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Rizzolio S, Battistini C, Cagnoni G, Apicella M, Vella V, Giordano S, Tamagnone L. Downregulating Neuropilin-2 Triggers a Novel Mechanism Enabling EGFR-Dependent Resistance to Oncogene-Targeted Therapies. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1058-1068. [PMID: 29229599 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilins are a class of cell surface proteins implicated in cell migration and angiogenesis, with aberrant expression in human tumors. Here, we show that the expression of Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) controls EGFR protein levels, thereby impinging on intracellular signaling, viability, and response to targeted therapies of oncogene-addicted cells. Notably, increased NRP2 expression in EGFR-addicted tumor cells led to downregulation of EGFR protein and tumor cell growth inhibition. NRP2 also blunted upregulation of an EGFR "rescue" pathway induced by targeted therapy in Met-addicted carcinoma cells. Cancer cells acquiring resistance to MET oncogene-targeted drugs invariably underwent NRP2 loss, a step required for EGFR upregulation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NRP2 loss activated NFkB and upregulated the EGFR-associated protein KIAA1199/CEMIP, which is known to oppose the degradation of activated EGFR kinase. Notably, KIAA1199 silencing in oncogene-addicted tumor cells improved therapeutic responses and counteracted acquired drug resistance. Our findings define NRP2 as the pivotal switch of a novel broad-acting and actionable pathway controlling EGFR signaling, and driving resistance to therapies targeting oncogene-addiction.Significance: These important findings identify the cell surface molecule Nrp2 as the pivotal switch of a novel, actionable pathway driving EGFR upregulation and resistance to oncogene- targeted therapies. Cancer Res; 78(4); 1058-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rizzolio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cagnoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Apicella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Viviana Vella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
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38
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Roy S, Bag AK, Singh RK, Talmadge JE, Batra SK, Datta K. Multifaceted Role of Neuropilins in the Immune System: Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1228. [PMID: 29067024 PMCID: PMC5641316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are non-tyrosine kinase cell surface glycoproteins expressed in all vertebrates and widely conserved across species. The two isoforms, such as neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2), mainly act as coreceptors for class III Semaphorins and for members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of molecules and are widely known for their role in a wide array of physiological processes, such as cardiovascular, neuronal development and patterning, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, as well as various clinical disorders. Intriguingly, additional roles for NRPs occur with myeloid and lymphoid cells, in normal physiological as well as different pathological conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, and bone diseases. However, little is known concerning the molecular pathways that govern these functions. In addition, NRP1 expression has been characterized in different immune cellular phenotypes including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cell subsets, especially regulatory T cell populations. By contrast, the functions of NRP2 in immune cells are less well known. In this review, we briefly summarize the genomic organization, structure, and binding partners of the NRPs and extensively discuss the recent advances in their role and function in different immune cell subsets and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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39
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Schellenburg S, Schulz A, Poitz DM, Muders MH. Role of neuropilin-2 in the immune system. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:239-244. [PMID: 28843905 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are single transmembrane receptors with short cytoplasmic tails and are dependent on receptors like VEGF receptors or Plexins for signal transduction. NRPs are known to be important in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and axon guidance. The Neuropilin-family consists of two members, Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and Neuropilin-2 (NRP2). They are up to 44 % homologous and conserved in all vertebrates. High levels of NRP2 are found on immune cells. Current research is very limited regarding the functions of NRP2 on these cells. Recent evidence suggests that NRP2 is important for migration, antigen presentation, phagocytosis and cell-cell contact within the immune system. Additionally, posttranslational NRP2 modifications like polysialylation are crucial for the function of some immune cells. This review is an overview about expression and functions of NRP2 in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schellenburg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - D M Poitz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - M H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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40
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Sun L, Li B, Su X, Chen G, Li Y, Yu L, Li L, Wei W. An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6638-6648. [PMID: 28678485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a transient endocytosis that internalizes extracellular fluid and particles into vacuoles. Recent studies suggest that hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis can induce a novel nonapoptotic cell death, methuosis. In this report, we describe the identification of an ursolic acid derived small molecule (compound 17), which induces cancer cell death through hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis. 17 causes the accumulation of vacuoles derived from macropinosomes based on transmission electron microscopy, time-lapse microscopy, and labeling with extracellular fluid phase tracers. The vacuoles induced by 17 separate from other cytoplasmic compartments but acquire some characteristics of late endosomes and lysosomes. Inhibiting hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis with the specific inhibitor amiloride blocks cell death, implicating that 17 leads to cell death via macropinocytosis, which is coincident with methuosis. Our results uncovered a novel cell death pathway involved in the activity of 17, which may provide a basis for further development of natural-product-derived scaffolds for drugs that trigger cancer cell death by methuosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ge Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Linqian Yu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wanguo Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
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41
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Evanno E, Godet J, Piccirilli N, Guilhot J, Milin S, Gombert JM, Fouchaq B, Roche J. Tri-methylation of H3K79 is decreased in TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:80. [PMID: 28804523 PMCID: PMC5549304 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables epithelial cancer cells to acquire mesenchymal features and contributes to metastasis and resistance to treatment. This process involves epigenetic reprogramming for gene expression. We explored global histone modifications during TGF-β1-induced EMT in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tested different epigenetic treatment to modulate or partially reverse EMT. RESULTS Loss of classical epithelial markers and gain of mesenchymal markers were verified in A549 and H358 cell lines during TGF-β1-induced EMT. In addition, we noticed increased expression of the axonal guidance protein semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) and PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) involved in the inhibition of the immune system, suggesting that both SEMA3C and PD-L1 could be the new markers of TGF-β1-induced EMT. H3K79me3 and H2BK120me1 were decreased in A549 and H358 cell lines after a 48-h TGF-β1 treatment, as well as H2BK120ac in A549 cells. However, decreased H3K79me3 was not associated with expression of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L. Furthermore, H3K79me3 was decreased in tumors compared in normal tissues and not associated with cell proliferation. Associations of histone deacetylase inhibitor (SAHA) with DOT1L inhibitors (EPZ5676 or SGC0946) or BET bromodomain inhibitor (PFI-1) were efficient to partially reverse TGF-β1 effects by decreasing expression of PD-L1, SEMA3C, and its receptor neuropilin-2 (NRP2) and by increasing epithelial markers such as E-cadherin. CONCLUSION Histone methylation was modified during EMT, and combination of epigenetic compounds with conventional or targeted chemotherapy might contribute to reduce metastasis and to enhance clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Evanno
- Eurofins Cerep SA, Le Bois l’Evêque, F-86600 Celle L’Evescault, France
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire LNEC, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Julie Godet
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | | | - Joëlle Guilhot
- INSERM CIC 0802, CHU de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Serge Milin
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean Marc Gombert
- INSERM U1082, CHU de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France
- Service Immunologie, CHU de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Benoit Fouchaq
- Eurofins Cerep SA, Le Bois l’Evêque, F-86600 Celle L’Evescault, France
| | - Joëlle Roche
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7267, F-86073 Poitiers, France
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Wang Y, Jia Y, Yan L, Fu J, Hao M, Chen W, Yao B, Zhao P, Zhou Z. Clusterin and neuropilin-2 as potential biomarkers of tumor progression in benzo[a]pyrene-transformed 16HBE cells xenografted nude mouse model. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:145-151. [PMID: 28784314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environment contaminant and its exposure could increase incidence of human lung cancer. In order to confirm and compare potential biomarkers of BaP-induce carcinogenesis and tumor progression, time-dependent changes of clusterin (CLU) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) levels were evaluated in sera of BaP-transformed 16HBE cell line T-16HBE-C1 cells xenografted nude mice. Performance of CLU and NRP2 on tissue classification and tumor progression forecast was also calculated. Levels of CLU and NRP2 were significant elevated in both culture supernatant of T-16HBE-C1 cells and sera of T-16HBE-C1 cells xenografted nude mice compared with control. CLU and NRP2 were both found positively stained in tumor tissue. CLU and NRP2 alone could well predicate tumor progression in nude mice and CLU appeared to be more sensitive than NRP2. When both of them combined, performance of predication would improve. In conclusion, CLU and NRP2 could serve as potential biomarkers of tumor progression in nude mice xenografted with T-16HBE-C1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongrui Jia
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Central Laboratory, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Juanling Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Mingmei Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Biyun Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zongcan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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43
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Gemmill RM, Nasarre P, Nair-Menon J, Cappuzzo F, Landi L, D'Incecco A, Uramoto H, Yoshida T, Haura EB, Armeson K, Drabkin HA. The neuropilin 2 isoform NRP2b uniquely supports TGFβ-mediated progression in lung cancer. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/462/eaag0528. [PMID: 28096505 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are co-receptors for heparin-binding growth factors and class 3 semaphorins. Different isoforms of NRP1 and NRP2 are produced by alternative splicing. We found that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling preferentially increased the abundance of NRP2b. NRP2b and NRP2a differ only in their carboxyl-terminal regions. Although the presence of NRP2b inhibited cultured cell proliferation and primary tumor growth, NRP2b enhanced cellular migration, invasion into Matrigel, and tumorsphere formation in cultured cells in response to TGFβ signaling and promoted metastasis in xenograft mouse models. These effects of overexpressed NRP2b contrast with the effects of overexpressed NRP2a. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced phosphorylation of the kinase AKT was specifically promoted by NRP2b, whereas inhibiting the HGF receptor MET attenuated NRP2b-dependent cell migration. Unlike NRP2a, NRP2b did not bind the PDZ domain scaffolding protein GAIP carboxyl terminus-interacting protein (GIPC1) and only weakly recruited phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), potentially explaining the difference between NRP2b-mediated and NRP2a-mediated effects. Analysis of NSCLC patient tumors showed that NRP2b abundance correlated with that of the immune cell checkpoint receptor ligand PD-L1 as well as with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes in the tumors, acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, disease progression, and poor survival in patients. NRP2b knockdown attenuated the acquisition of resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in cultured NSCLC cells. Thus, in NSCLC, NRP2b contributed to the oncogenic response to TGFβ and correlated with tumor progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joyce Nair-Menon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Lorenza Landi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, Leghorn 57100, Italy
| | - Armida D'Incecco
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, Leghorn 57100, Italy
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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131I-labeled monoclonal antibody targeting neuropilin receptor type-2 for tumor SPECT imaging. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:649-659. [PMID: 28000859 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor‑3 (VEGF‑3), neuropilin receptor type‑2 (NRP‑2) plays a central role in lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. Recently, mounting data of evidence show that NRP‑2 is overexpressed in several human cancers, and its overexpression is often associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary for us to develop an affinity reagent for noninvasive imaging of NRP‑2 expression because it may be possible to provide early cancer diagnosis, more accurate prognosis, and better treatment planning. Due to their high affinity, and specificity, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been considered attractive candidates for targeted cancer therapy and diagnostics. We recently generated and validated a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds NRP‑2 b1b2 domain with no cross‑reactivity to NRP‑1 b1b2 domain, also known to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Here, we developed a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probe for imaging NRP‑2- positive tumors. Anti‑NRP‑2 monoclonal antibodies were prepared by hybridomas and were labeled with iodine‑131 by chloramine‑T method. The in vitro physicochemical properties of 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb was determined. Binding affinity and specificity of 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb to NRP‑2 were assessed using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Biodistribution and SPECT studies were performed in mice bearing A549 tumor xenografts to evaluate the in vivo performance of 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb. The preparation of anti‑NRP‑2 mAb was completed successfully by hybridoma with high purity (>95%) and specific for NRP‑2 b1b2 domain, but not NRP‑1 b1b2 domain. The radiosynthesis of 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb was completed successfully within 60 min with high labelling efficiency (94.69±3.63%), and radiochemical purity (98.56±0.48%). The resulting probe, 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb displayed excellent stability in PBS solution during 24-72 h. 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb showed high binding affinity with A549 cells (96.6±1.44 nM). In vivo biodistribution and SPECT studies demonstrated targeting of A549 glioma xenografts was NRP‑2 specific. The tumor uptake was 5.86±0.27% ID/g at 6 h, and kept at high level of 4.64±0.82% ID/g at 72 h‑post‑injection. The tumor to contralateral muscle ratio (T/NT) was 2.08±0.33 at 6 h, and reached the highest level of 3.83±0.18 at 72 h after injection. SPECT imaging studies revealed that 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb could clearly identify A549 tumors with good contrast, especially at 48‑72 h after injection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that 131I‑anti‑NRP‑2 mAb exhibited highly selective uptake in NRP‑2‑expressing tumors, and may provide a promising SPECT probe for imaging NRP‑2 positive tumors.
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Dutta S, Roy S, Polavaram NS, Baretton GB, Muders MH, Batra S, Datta K. NRP2 transcriptionally regulates its downstream effector WDFY1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23588. [PMID: 27026195 PMCID: PMC4812299 DOI: 10.1038/srep23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are cell surface glycoproteins that often act as co-receptors for plexins and VEGF family receptors. Neuropilin-2 (NRP2), a family member of NRPs, was shown to regulate autophagy and endocytic trafficking in cancer cells, a function distinctly different from its role as a co-receptor. WD Repeat and FYVE domain containing 1 (WDFY1)–protein acts downstream of NRP2 for this function. Our results indicated that NRP2 maintains an optimum concentration of WDFY1 by negatively regulating its expression. Since increased expression of WDFY1 reduces the endocytic activity, maintenance of WDFY1 level is crucial in metastatic cancer cells to sustain high endocytic activity, essential for promotion of oncogenic activation and cancer cell survival. Here, we have delineated the underlying molecular mechanism of WDFY1 synthesis by NRP2. Our results indicated that NRP2 inhibits WDFY1 transcription by preventing the nuclear localization of a transcription factor, Fetal ALZ50-reactive clone 1 (FAC1). Our finding is novel as transcriptional regulation of a gene by NRP2 axis has not been reported previously. Regulation of WDFY1 transcription by NRP2 axis is a critical event in maintaining metastatic phenotype in cancer cells. Thus, inhibiting NRP2 or hyper-activating WDFY1 can be an effective strategy to induce cell death in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Navatha S Polavaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology of Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology of Dresden, Germany
| | - Surinder Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.,Fred &Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.,Fred &Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
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