1
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Marozin S, Simon-Nobbe B, Huth A, Beyerer E, Weber L, Nüssler A, Lepperdinger G. Aggregation of human osteoblasts unlocks self-reliant differentiation and constitutes a microenvironment for 3D-co-cultivation with other bone marrow cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10345. [PMID: 38710795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal bone function relies on both cells and cellular niches, which, when combined, provide guiding cues for the control of differentiation and remodeling processes. Here, we propose an in vitro 3D model based on human fetal osteoblasts, which eases the study of osteocyte commitment in vitro and thus provides a means to examine the influences of biomaterials, substances or cells on the regulation of these processes. Aggregates were formed from human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) and cultivated under proliferative, adipo- and osteoinductive conditions. When cultivated under osteoinductive conditions, the vitality of the aggregates was compromised, the expression levels of the mineralization-related gene DMP1 and the amount of calcification and matrix deposition were lower, and the growth of the spheroids stalled. However, within spheres under growth conditions without specific supplements, self-organization processes occur, which promote extracellular calcium deposition, and osteocyte-like cells develop. Long-term cultivated hFOB aggregates were free of necrotic areas. Moreover, hFOB aggregates cultivated under standard proliferative conditions supported the co-cultivation of human monocytes, microvascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. Overall, the model presented here comprises a self-organizing and easily accessible 3D osteoblast model for studying bone marrow formation and in vitro remodeling and thus provides a means to test druggable molecular pathways with the potential to promote life-long bone formation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marozin
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Birgit Simon-Nobbe
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Astrid Huth
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Evelyn Beyerer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Laurenz Weber
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Siegfried Weller Institut (SWI) | BG Klinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Seesan T, Mukherjee P, Abd El-Sadek I, Lim Y, Zhu L, Makita S, Yasuno Y. Optical-coherence-tomography-based deep-learning scatterer-density estimator using physically accurate noise model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2832-2848. [PMID: 38855681 PMCID: PMC11161371 DOI: 10.1364/boe.519743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a deep-learning-based scatterer density estimator (SDE) that processes local speckle patterns of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and estimates the scatterer density behind each speckle pattern. The SDE is trained using large quantities of numerically simulated OCT images and their associated scatterer densities. The numerical simulation uses a noise model that incorporates the spatial properties of three types of noise, i.e., shot noise, relative-intensity noise, and non-optical noise. The SDE's performance was evaluated numerically and experimentally using two types of scattering phantom and in vitro tumor spheroids. The results confirmed that the SDE estimates scatterer densities accurately. The estimation accuracy improved significantly when compared with our previous deep-learning-based SDE, which was trained using numerical speckle patterns generated from a noise model that did not account for the spatial properties of noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Seesan
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City 34517, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Yiheng Lim
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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3
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Wang B, Ganjee R, Khandaker I, Flohr K, He Y, Li G, Wesalo J, Sahel JA, da Silva S, Pi S. Deep learning based characterization of human organoids using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3112-3127. [PMID: 38855657 PMCID: PMC11161340 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Organoids, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are intricate three-dimensional in vitro structures that mimic many key aspects of the complex morphology and functions of in vivo organs such as the retina and heart. Traditional histological methods, while crucial, often fall short in analyzing these dynamic structures due to their inherently static and destructive nature. In this study, we leveraged the capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for rapid, non-invasive imaging of both retinal, cerebral, and cardiac organoids. Complementing this, we developed a sophisticated deep learning approach to automatically segment the organoid tissues and their internal structures, such as hollows and chambers. Utilizing this advanced imaging and analysis platform, we quantitatively assessed critical parameters, including size, area, volume, and cardiac beating, offering a comprehensive live characterization and classification of the organoids. These findings provide profound insights into the differentiation and developmental processes of organoids, positioning quantitative OCT imaging as a potentially transformative tool for future organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Razieh Ganjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Irona Khandaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Keevon Flohr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuanhang He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Wesalo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Susana da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shaohua Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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4
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Yan F, Mutembei B, Valerio T, Gunay G, Ha JH, Zhang Q, Wang C, Selvaraj Mercyshalinie ER, Alhajeri ZA, Zhang F, Dockery LE, Li X, Liu R, Dhanasekaran DN, Acar H, Chen WR, Tang Q. Optical coherence tomography for multicellular tumor spheroid category recognition and drug screening classification via multi-spatial-superficial-parameter and machine learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2014-2047. [PMID: 38633082 PMCID: PMC11019711 DOI: 10.1364/boe.514079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ideal imaging technique for noninvasive and longitudinal monitoring of multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). However, the internal structure features within MCTS from OCT images are still not fully utilized. In this study, we developed cross-statistical, cross-screening, and composite-hyperparameter feature processing methods in conjunction with 12 machine learning models to assess changes within the MCTS internal structure. Our results indicated that the effective features combined with supervised learning models successfully classify OVCAR-8 MCTS culturing with 5,000 and 50,000 cell numbers, MCTS with pancreatic tumor cells (Panc02-H7) culturing with the ratio of 0%, 33%, 50%, and 67% of fibroblasts, and OVCAR-4 MCTS treated by 2-methoxyestradiol, AZD1208, and R-ketorolac with concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 µM. This approach holds promise for obtaining multi-dimensional physiological and functional evaluations for using OCT and MCTS in anticancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Bornface Mutembei
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Trisha Valerio
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Gokhan Gunay
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ji-Hee Ha
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | | | - Zaid A. Alhajeri
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren E. Dockery
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ronghao Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Handan Acar
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019, USA
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5
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Filan C, Charles S, Casteleiro Costa P, Niu W, Cheng BF, Wen Z, Lu H, Robles FE. Non-Invasive Label-free Analysis Pipeline for In Situ Characterization of Differentiation in 3D Brain Organoid Models. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4049577. [PMID: 38645145 PMCID: PMC11030508 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4049577/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids provide a unique opportunity to model organ development in a system similar to human organogenesis in vivo. Brain organoids thus hold great promise for drug screening and disease modeling. Conventional approaches to organoid characterization predominantly rely on molecular analysis methods, which are expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and involve the destruction of the valuable 3D architecture of the organoids. This reliance on end-point assays makes it challenging to assess cellular and subcellular events occurring during organoid development in their 3D context. As a result, the long developmental processes are not monitored nor assessed. The ability to perform non-invasive assays is critical for longitudinally assessing features of organoid development during culture. In this paper, we demonstrate a label-free high-content imaging approach for observing changes in organoid morphology and structural changes occurring at the cellular and subcellular level. Enabled by microfluidic-based culture of 3D cell systems and a novel 3D quantitative phase imaging method, we demonstrate the ability to perform non-destructive high-resolution imaging of the organoid. The highlighted results demonstrated in this paper provide a new approach to performing live, non-destructive monitoring of organoid systems during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Filan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Seleipiri Charles
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Paloma Casteleiro Costa
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Weibo Niu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Brian F. Cheng
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology and Neurology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
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6
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Kvåle Løvmo M, Deng S, Moser S, Leitgeb R, Drexler W, Ritsch-Marte M. Ultrasound-induced reorientation for multi-angle optical coherence tomography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2391. [PMID: 38493195 PMCID: PMC10944478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid and spheroid technology provide valuable insights into developmental biology and oncology. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a label-free technique that has emerged as an excellent tool for monitoring the structure and function of these samples. However, mature organoids are often too opaque for OCT. Access to multi-angle views is highly desirable to overcome this limitation, preferably with non-contact sample handling. To fulfil these requirements, we present an ultrasound-induced reorientation method for multi-angle-OCT, which employs a 3D-printed acoustic trap inserted into an OCT imaging system, to levitate and reorient zebrafish larvae and tumor spheroids in a controlled and reproducible manner. A model-based algorithm was developed for the physically consistent fusion of multi-angle data from a priori unknown angles. We demonstrate enhanced penetration depth in the joint 3D-recovery of reflectivity, attenuation, refractive index, and position registration for zebrafish larvae, creating an enabling tool for future applications in volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Kvåle Løvmo
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shiyu Deng
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Moser
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ritsch-Marte
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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7
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Abd El-Sadek I, Morishita R, Mori T, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Label-free visualization and quantification of the drug-type-dependent response of tumor spheroids by dynamic optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3366. [PMID: 38336794 PMCID: PMC10858208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT)-based visualization and quantitative assessment of patterns of tumor spheroid response to three anti-cancer drugs. The study involved treating human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7 cell-line) with paclitaxel (PTX), tamoxifen citrate (TAM), and doxorubicin (DOX) at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 µM for 1, 3, and 6 days. In addition, fluorescence microscopy imaging was performed for reference. The D-OCT imaging was performed using a custom-built OCT device. Two algorithms, namely logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) and late OCT correlation decay speed (OCDS[Formula: see text]) were used to visualize the tissue dynamics. The spheroids treated with 0.1 and 1 µM TAM appeared similar to the control spheroid, whereas those treated with 10 µM TAM had significant structural corruption and decreasing LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] over treatment time. The spheroids treated with PTX had decreasing volumes and decrease of LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] signals over time at most PTX concentrations. The spheroids treated with DOX had decreasing and increasing volumes over time at DOX concentrations of 1 and 10 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, the LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] signals decreased over treatment time at all DOX concentrations. The D-OCT, particularly OCDS[Formula: see text], patterns were consistent with the fluorescence microscopic patterns. The diversity in the structural and D-OCT results among the drug types and among the concentrations are explained by the mechanisms of the drugs. The presented results suggest that D-OCT is useful for evaluating the difference in the tumor spheroid response to different drugs and it can be a useful tool for anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Rion Morishita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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8
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Volmert B, Kiselev A, Juhong A, Wang F, Riggs A, Kostina A, O'Hern C, Muniyandi P, Wasserman A, Huang A, Lewis-Israeli Y, Panda V, Bhattacharya S, Lauver A, Park S, Qiu Z, Zhou C, Aguirre A. A patterned human primitive heart organoid model generated by pluripotent stem cell self-organization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8245. [PMID: 38086920 PMCID: PMC10716495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids can recapitulate significant features of organ development in vitro. We hypothesized that creating human heart organoids by mimicking aspects of in utero gestation (e.g., addition of metabolic and hormonal factors) would lead to higher physiological and anatomical relevance. We find that heart organoids produced using this self-organization-driven developmental induction strategy are remarkably similar transcriptionally and morphologically to age-matched human embryonic hearts. We also show that they recapitulate several aspects of cardiac development, including large atrial and ventricular chambers, proepicardial organ formation, and retinoic acid-mediated anterior-posterior patterning, mimicking the developmental processes found in the post-heart tube stage primitive heart. Moreover, we provide proof-of-concept demonstration of the value of this system for disease modeling by exploring the effects of ondansetron, a drug administered to pregnant women and associated with congenital heart defects. These findings constitute a significant technical advance for synthetic heart development and provide a powerful tool for cardiac disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Volmert
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Artem Kiselev
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Aniwat Juhong
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Biomedical Devices, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashlin Riggs
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aleksandra Kostina
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Colin O'Hern
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Priyadharshni Muniyandi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Wasserman
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Amanda Huang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yonatan Lewis-Israeli
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vishal Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Systems Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Systems Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Adam Lauver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sangbum Park
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Biomedical Devices, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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9
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Mao W, Bui HTD, Cho W, Yoo HS. Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation in 3D environments for therapeutic development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115074. [PMID: 37619771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation have gained significant attention in therapeutic development. Spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy offer noninvasive and real-time monitoring of biochemical and biophysical changes that occur during stem cell and organoid proliferation. These techniques provide valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms of action of potential therapeutic agents, allowing for improved drug discovery and screening. This review highlights the importance of spectroscopic monitoring of stem cell and organoid proliferation and its potential impact on therapeutic development. Furthermore, this review discusses recent advances in spectroscopic techniques and their applications in stem cell and organoid research. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of spectroscopic techniques as valuable tools for studying stem cell and organoid proliferation and their potential to revolutionize therapeutic development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoai-Thuong Duc Bui
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institue of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Abd El-Sadek I, Shen LTW, Mori T, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Label-free drug response evaluation of human derived tumor spheroids using three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15377. [PMID: 37717067 PMCID: PMC10505213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at demonstrating label-free drug-response-patterns assessment of different tumor spheroids and drug types by dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT). The study involved human breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HT-29) spheroids. The MCF-7 and HT-29 spheroids were treated with paclitaxel (Taxol; PTX) and the active metabolite of irinotecan SN-38, respectively. The drugs were applied with 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations and the treatment durations were 1, 3, and 6 days. A swept-source OCT microscope equipped with a repeated raster scanning protocol was used to scan the spheroids. Logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) and late OCT correlation decay speed (OCDS[Formula: see text]) algorithms were used to visualize the tumor spheroid dynamics. LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] images visualized different response patterns of the two types of spheroids. In addition, spheroid morphology, LIV, and OCDS[Formula: see text] quantification showed different time-courses among the spheroid and drug types. These results may indicate different action mechanisms of the drugs. The results showed the feasibility of D-OCT for the evaluation of drug response patterns of different cell spheroids and drug types and suggest that D-OCT can perform anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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11
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Zhu L, Makita S, Tamaoki J, Lichtenegger A, Lim Y, Zhu Y, Kobayashi M, Yasuno Y. Multi-focus averaging for multiple scattering suppression in optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4828-4844. [PMID: 37791259 PMCID: PMC10545188 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple scattering is one of the main factors that limits the penetration depth of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in scattering samples. We propose a method termed multi-focus averaging (MFA) to suppress the multiple-scattering signals and improve the image contrast of OCT in deep regions. The MFA method captures multiple OCT volumes with various focal positions and averages them in complex form after correcting the varying defocus through computational refocusing. Because the multiple-scattering takes different trajectories among the different focal position configurations, this averaging suppresses the multiple-scattering signal. Meanwhile, the single-scattering takes a consistent trajectory regardless of the focal position configuration and is not suppressed. Hence, the MFA method improves the ratio between the single-scattering signal and multiple-scattering signal, resulting in an enhancement in the image contrast. A scattering phantom and a postmortem zebrafish were measured to validate the proposed method. The results showed that the contrast of intensity images of both the phantom and zebrafish were improved using the MFA method, such that they were better than the contrast provided by the standard single focus averaging method. The MFA method provides a cost-effective solution for contrast enhancement through multiple-scattering reduction in tissue imaging using OCT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yiheng Lim
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Debruyne AC, Okkelman IA, Dmitriev RI. Balance between the cell viability and death in 3D. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:55-66. [PMID: 36117019 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a phenomenon, frequently perceived as an absolute event for cell, tissue and the organ. However, the rising popularity and complexity of such 3D multicellular 'tissue building blocks' as heterocellular spheroids, organoids, and 'assembloids' prompts to revise the definition and quantification of cell viability and death. It raises several questions on the overall viability of all the cells within 3D volume and on choosing the appropriate, continuous, and non-destructive viability assay enabling for a single-cell analysis. In this review, we look at cell viability and cell death modalities with attention to the intrinsic features of such 3D models as spheroids, organoids, and bioprints. Furthermore, we look at emerging and promising methodologies, which can help define and understand the balance between cell viability and death in dynamic and complex 3D environments. We conclude that the recent innovations in biofabrication, biosensor probe development, and fluorescence microscopy can help answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Debruyne
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Irina A Okkelman
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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13
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Yan F, Ha JH, Yan Y, Ton SB, Wang C, Mutembei B, Alhajeri ZA, McNiel AF, Keddissi AJ, Zhang Q, Jayaraman M, Dhanasekaran DN, Tang Q. Optical Coherence Tomography of Tumor Spheroids Identifies Candidates for Drug Repurposing in Ovarian Cancer. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:1891-1901. [PMID: 37015385 PMCID: PMC10482500 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3231835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) are indispensable models for evaluating drug efficacy for precision cancer therapeutic strategies as well as for repurposing FDA-approved drugs for ovarian cancer. However, current imaging techniques cannot provide effective monitoring of pathological responses due to shallow penetration and experimentally operative destruction. We plan to utilize a noninvasive optical imaging tool to achieve in vivo longitudinal monitoring of the growth of MCTs and therapeutic responses to repurpose three FDA-approved drugs for ovarian cancer therapy. METHODS A swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system was used to monitor the volume growth of MCTs over 11 days. Three inhibitors of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), AZD1208, and R-Ketorolac (R-keto) with concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 µM were employed to treat ovarian MCTs on day 5. Three-dimensional (3D), intrinsic optical attenuation contrast, and degree of uniformity were applied to analyze the therapeutic effect of these inhibitors on ovarian MCTs. RESULTS We found that 2-ME, AZD1208, and R-keto with concentration of 10 and 25 µM significantly inhibited the volume growth of ovarian MCTs. There was no effect to necrotic tissues from all concentrations of 2-ME, AZD1208, and R-keto inhibitors from our OCT results. 2-ME and AZD1208 inhibited the growth of high uniformity tissues within MCTs and higher concentrations provided more significant inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that OCT was capable and reliable to monitor the therapeutic effect of inhibitors to ovarian MCTs and it can be used for the rapid characterization of novel therapeutics for ovarian cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ji-Hee Ha
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yuyang Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Sam B. Ton
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Bornface Mutembei
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Zaid A. Alhajeri
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Aubrey F. McNiel
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Andrew J. Keddissi
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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14
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Chen X, Kandel ME, He S, Hu C, Lee YJ, Sullivan K, Tracy G, Chung HJ, Kong HJ, Anastasio M, Popescu G. Artificial confocal microscopy for deep label-free imaging. NATURE PHOTONICS 2023; 17:250-258. [PMID: 37143962 PMCID: PMC10153546 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-022-01140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Widefield microscopy of optically thick specimens typically features reduced contrast due to "spatial crosstalk", in which the signal at each point in the field of view is the result of a superposition from neighbouring points that are simultaneously illuminated. In 1955, Marvin Minsky proposed confocal microscopy as a solution to this problem. Today, laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy is broadly used due to its high depth resolution and sensitivity, but comes at the price of photobleaching, chemical, and photo-toxicity. Here, we present artificial confocal microscopy (ACM) to achieve confocal-level depth sectioning, sensitivity, and chemical specificity, on unlabeled specimens, nondestructively. We equipped a commercial laser scanning confocal instrument with a quantitative phase imaging module, which provides optical path-length maps of the specimen in the same field of view as the fluorescence channel. Using pairs of phase and fluorescence images, we trained a convolution neural network to translate the former into the latter. The training to infer a new tag is very practical as the input and ground truth data are intrinsically registered, and the data acquisition is automated. The ACM images present significantly stronger depth sectioning than the input (phase) images, enabling us to recover confocal-like tomographic volumes of microspheres, hippocampal neurons in culture, and 3D liver cancer spheroids. By training on nucleus-specific tags, ACM allows for segmenting individual nuclei within dense spheroids for both cell counting and volume measurements. In summary, ACM can provide quantitative, dynamic data, nondestructively from thick samples, while chemical specificity is recovered computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Currently with School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Mikhail E. Kandel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Currently with Groq, 400 Castro St., Suite 600, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| | - Shenghua He
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Chenfei Hu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Joon Kong
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mark Anastasio
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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15
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Paul R, Qin X, Islam K, Liu Y. Adaptable Microfluidic Vessel-on-a-Chip Platform for Investigating Tumor Metastatic Transport in Bloodstream. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12159-12166. [PMID: 35998619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis counts for 90% of cancer fatalities, and its development process is still a mystery. The dynamic process of tumor metastatic transport in the blood vessel is not well understood, in which some biomechanical factors, such as shear stress and various flow patterns, may have significant impacts. Here, we report a microfluidic vessel-on-a-chip platform for recapitulating several key metastatic steps of tumor cells in blood vessels on the same chip, including intravasation, circulating tumor cell (CTC) vascular adhesion, and extravasation. Due to its excellent adaptability, our system can reproduce various microenvironments to investigate the specific interactions between CTCs and blood vessels. On the basis of this platform, effects of important biomechanical factors on CTC adhesion such as vascular surface properties and vessel geometry-dependent hemodynamics were specifically inspected. We demonstrated that CTC adhesion is more likely to occur under certain mechano-physiological situations, such as vessels with vascular glycocalyx (VGCX) shedding and hemodynamic disturbances. Finally, computational models of both the fluidic dynamics in vessels and CTC adhesion were established based on the confocal scanned 3D images. The modeling results are believed to provide insights into exploring tumor metastasis progression and inspire new ideas for anticancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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16
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Ming Y, Hao S, Wang F, Lewis-Israeli YR, Volmert BD, Xu Z, Goestenkors A, Aguirre A, Zhou C. Longitudinal morphological and functional characterization of human heart organoids using optical coherence tomography. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114136. [PMID: 35325716 PMCID: PMC9713770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organoids play an increasingly important role as in vitro models for studying organ development, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery. Organoids are self-organizing, organ-like three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures developing organ-specific cell types and functions. Recently, three groups independently developed self-assembling human heart organoids (hHOs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In this study, we utilized a customized spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system to characterize the growth of hHOs. Development of chamber structures and beating patterns of the hHOs were observed via OCT and calcium imaging. We demonstrated the capability of OCT to produce 3D images in a fast, label-free, and non-destructive manner. The hHOs formed cavities of various sizes, and complex interconnections were observed as early as on day 4 of differentiation. The hHOs models and the OCT imaging system showed promising insights as an in vitro platform for investigating heart development and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Senyue Hao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Yonatan R Lewis-Israeli
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Brett D Volmert
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Zhiyao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Anna Goestenkors
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA.
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17
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Rubinoff I, Miller DA, Kuranov R, Wang Y, Fang R, Volpe NJ, Zhang HF. High-Speed Balanced-Detection Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography in the Human Retina Using Subpixel Spectrometer Calibration. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:1724-1734. [PMID: 35089857 PMCID: PMC9921460 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3147497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increases in speed and sensitivity enabled rapid clinical adoption of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ophthalmology. Recently, visible-light OCT (vis-OCT) achieved ultrahigh axial resolution, improved tissue contrast, and provided new functional imaging capabilities, demonstrating the potential to improve clinical care further. However, limited speed and sensitivity caused by the high relative intensity noise (RIN) in supercontinuum lasers impeded the clinical adoption of vis-OCT. To overcome these limitations, we developed balanced-detection vis-OCT (BD-vis-OCT), which uses two calibrated spectrometers to cancel RIN and other noises. We analyzed the RIN to achieve robust subpixel calibration between the two spectrometers and showed that BD-vis-OCT reduced the A-line noise floor by up to 20.5 dB. Metrics comparing signal-to-noise-ratios showed similar image qualities across multiple reference arm powers, a hallmark of operation near the shot-noise limit. We imaged healthy human retinas at an A-line rate of 125 kHz and a field-of-view up to 10 mm ×4 mm. We found that BD-vis-OCT revealed retinal anatomical features previously obscured by the noise floor.
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18
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Roberge CL, Wang L, Barroso M, Corr DT. Non-Destructive Evaluation of Regional Cell Density Within Tumor Aggregates Following Drug Treatment. JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS : JOVE 2022:10.3791/64030. [PMID: 35815980 PMCID: PMC9837791 DOI: 10.3791/64030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTSs) models have demonstrated increasing utility for in vitro study of cancer progression and drug discovery. These relatively simple avascular constructs mimic key aspects of in vivo tumors, such as 3D structure and pathophysiological gradients. MCTSs models can provide insights into cancer cell behavior during spheroid development and in response to drugs; however, their requisite size drastically limits the tools used for non-destructive assessment. Optical Coherence Tomography structural imaging and Imaris 3D analysis software are explored for rapid, non-destructive, and label-free measurement of regional cell density within MCTSs. This approach is utilized to assess MCTSs over a 4-day maturation period and throughout an extended 5-day treatment with Trastuzumab, a clinically relevant anti-HER2 drug. Briefly, AU565 HER2+ breast cancer MCTSs were created via liquid overlay with or without the addition of Matrigel (a basement membrane matrix) to explore aggregates of different morphologies (thicker, disk-like 2.5D aggregates or flat 2D aggregates, respectively). Cell density within the outer region, transitional region, and inner core was characterized in matured MCTSs, revealing a cell-density gradient with higher cell densities in core regions compared to outer layers. The matrix addition redistributed cell density and enhanced this gradient, decreasing outer zone density and increasing cell compaction in the cores. Cell density was quantified following drug treatment (0 h, 24 h, 5 days) within progressively deeper 100 µm zones to assess potential regional differences in drug response. By the final timepoint, nearly all cell death appeared to be constrained to the outer 200 µm of each aggregate, while cells deeper in the aggregate appeared largely unaffected, illustrating regional differences in the drug response, possibly due to limitations in drug penetration. The current protocol provides a unique technique to non-destructively quantify regional cell density within dense cellular tissues and measure it longitudinally.
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19
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Virtual histological staining of label-free total absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS). Sci Rep 2022; 12:10296. [PMID: 35717539 PMCID: PMC9206643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathological visualizations are a pillar of modern medicine and biological research. Surgical oncology relies exclusively on post-operative histology to determine definitive surgical success and guide adjuvant treatments. The current histology workflow is based on bright-field microscopic assessment of histochemical stained tissues and has some major limitations. For example, the preparation of stained specimens for brightfield assessment requires lengthy sample processing, delaying interventions for days or even weeks. Therefore, there is a pressing need for improved histopathology methods. In this paper, we present a deep-learning-based approach for virtual label-free histochemical staining of total-absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS) images of unstained tissue. TA-PARS provides an array of directly measured label-free contrasts such as scattering and total absorption (radiative and non-radiative), ideal for developing H&E colorizations without the need to infer arbitrary tissue structures. We use a Pix2Pix generative adversarial network to develop visualizations analogous to H&E staining from label-free TA-PARS images. Thin sections of human skin tissue were first virtually stained with the TA-PARS, then were chemically stained with H&E producing a one-to-one comparison between the virtual and chemical staining. The one-to-one matched virtually- and chemically- stained images exhibit high concordance validating the digital colorization of the TA-PARS images against the gold standard H&E. TA-PARS images were reviewed by four dermatologic pathologists who confirmed they are of diagnostic quality, and that resolution, contrast, and color permitted interpretation as if they were H&E. The presented approach paves the way for the development of TA-PARS slide-free histological imaging, which promises to dramatically reduce the time from specimen resection to histological imaging.
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20
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Optimized single-step optical clearing solution for 3D volume imaging of biological structures. Commun Biol 2022; 5:431. [PMID: 35534680 PMCID: PMC9085829 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various optical clearing approaches have been introduced to meet the growing demand for 3D volume imaging of biological structures. Each has its own strengths but still suffers from low transparency, long incubation time, processing complexity, tissue deformation, or fluorescence quenching, and a single solution that best satisfies all aspects has yet been developed. Here, we develop OptiMuS, an optimized single-step solution that overcomes the shortcomings of the existing aqueous-based clearing methods and that provides the best performance in terms of transparency, clearing rate, and size retention. OptiMuS achieves rapid and high transparency of brain tissues and other intact organs while preserving the size and fluorescent signal of the tissues. Moreover, OptiMuS is compatible with the use of lipophilic dyes, revealing DiI-labeled vascular structures of the whole brain, kidney, spleen, and intestine, and is also applied to 3D quantitative and comparative analysis of DiI-labeled vascular structures of glomeruli turfs in normal and diseased kidneys. Together, OptiMuS provides a single-step solution for simple, fast, and versatile optical clearing method to obtain high tissue transparency with minimum structural changes and is widely applicable for 3D imaging of various whole biological structures. OptiMuS is an optical clearing method which preserves endogenous fluorescence and sample sizes and can be used to clear thick tissues, visualize neural networks and vascular structures and diagnose pathological status of kidneys, as a potential application.
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21
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Zhu L, Makita S, Oida D, Miyazawa A, Oikawa K, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Distel M, Yasuno Y. Computational refocusing of Jones matrix polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and investigation of defocus-induced polarization artifacts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2975-2994. [PMID: 35774308 PMCID: PMC9203103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.454975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a long-depth-of-focus imaging method using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). This method involves a combination of Fresnel-diffraction-model-based phase sensitive computational refocusing and Jones-matrix based PS-OCT (JM-OCT). JM-OCT measures four complex OCT images corresponding to four polarization channels. These OCT images are computationally refocused as preserving the mutual phase consistency. This method is validated using a static phantom, postmortem zebrafish, and ex vivo porcine muscle samples. All the samples demonstrated successful computationally-refocused birefringence and degree-of-polarization-uniformity (DOPU) images. We found that defocusing induces polarization artifacts, i.e., incorrectly high birefringence values and low DOPU values, which are substantially mitigated by computational refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oida
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sky technology Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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22
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Oral Cancer Screening by Artificial Intelligence-Oriented Interpretation of Optical Coherence Tomography Images. Radiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:1614838. [PMID: 35502299 PMCID: PMC9056242 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1614838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of oral cancer is critical to improve the survival rate of patients. The current strategies for screening of patients for oral premalignant and malignant lesions unfortunately miss a significant number of involved patients. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality that has been widely investigated in the field of oncology for identification of cancerous entities. Since the interpretation of OCT images requires professional training and OCT images contain information that cannot be inferred visually, artificial intelligence (AI) with trained algorithms has the ability to quantify visually undetectable variations, thus overcoming the barriers that have postponed the involvement of OCT in the process of screening of oral neoplastic lesions. This literature review aimed to highlight the features of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions on OCT images and specify how AI can assist in screening and diagnosis of such pathologies.
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23
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Morishita R, Abd El-Sadek IG, Mukherjee P, Miyazawa A, Tomita K, Makita S, Yasuno Y. Sparse frame acquisition toward fast volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography imaging. OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND COHERENCE DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICINE XXVI 2022. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2612715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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24
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Imidazole-Based pH-Sensitive Convertible Liposomes for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030306. [PMID: 35337105 PMCID: PMC8949415 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In efforts to enhance the activity of liposomal drugs against solid tumors, three novel lipids that carry imidazole-based headgroups of incremental basicity were prepared and incorporated into the membrane of PEGylated liposomes containing doxorubicin (DOX) to render pH-sensitive convertible liposomes (ICL). The imidazole lipids were designed to protonate and cluster with negatively charged phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol when pH drops from 7.4 to 6.0, thereby triggering ICL in acidic tumor interstitium. Upon the drop of pH, ICL gained more positive surface charges, displayed lipid phase separation in TEM and DSC, and aggregated with cell membrane-mimetic model liposomes. The drop of pH also enhanced DOX release from ICL consisting of one of the imidazole lipids, sn-2-((2,3-dihexadecyloxypropyl)thio)-5-methyl-1H-imidazole. ICL demonstrated superior activities against monolayer cells and several 3D MCS than the analogous PEGylated, pH-insensitive liposomes containing DOX, which serves as a control and clinical benchmark. The presence of cholesterol in ICL enhanced their colloidal stability but diminished their pH-sensitivity. ICL with the most basic imidazole lipid showed the highest activity in monolayer Hela cells; ICL with the imidazole lipid of medium basicity showed the highest anticancer activity in 3D MCS. ICL that balances the needs of tissue penetration, cell-binding, and drug release would yield optimal activity against solid tumors.
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25
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Bioengineering the ameloblastoma tumour to study its effect on bone nodule formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24088. [PMID: 34916549 PMCID: PMC8677805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a benign, epithelial cancer of the jawbone, which causes bone resorption and disfigurement to patients affected. The interaction of ameloblastoma with its tumour stroma drives invasion and progression. We used stiff collagen matrices to engineer active bone forming stroma, to probe the interaction of ameloblastoma with its native tumour bone microenvironment. This bone-stroma was assessed by nano-CT, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and gene analysis. Furthermore, we investigated gene correlation between bone forming 3D bone stroma and ameloblastoma introduced 3D bone stroma. Ameloblastoma cells increased expression of MMP-2 and -9 and RANK temporally in 3D compared to 2D. Our 3D biomimetic model formed bone nodules of an average surface area of 0.1 mm2 and average height of 92.37 [Formula: see text] 7.96 μm over 21 days. We demonstrate a woven bone phenotype with distinct mineral and matrix components and increased expression of bone formation genes in our engineered bone. Introducing ameloblastoma to the bone stroma, completely inhibited bone formation, in a spatially specific manner. Multivariate gene analysis showed that ameloblastoma cells downregulate bone formation genes such as RUNX2. Through the development of a comprehensive bone stroma, we show that an ameloblastoma tumour mass prevents osteoblasts from forming new bone nodules and severely restricted the growth of existing bone nodules. We have identified potential pathways for this inhibition. More critically, we present novel findings on the interaction of stromal osteoblasts with ameloblastoma.
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26
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Qin X, Liu Y. From cell spheroids to vascularized cancer organoids: Microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip models for preclinical drug evaluations. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061503. [PMID: 34804315 PMCID: PMC8589468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective cancer treatments. Starting from the discovery of new molecular entities, it usually takes about 10 years and 2 billion U.S. dollars to bring an effective anti-cancer drug from the benchtop to patients. Due to the physiological differences between animal models and humans, more than 90% of drug candidates failed in phase I clinical trials. Thus, a more efficient drug screening system to identify feasible compounds and pre-exclude less promising drug candidates is strongly desired. For their capability to accurately construct in vitro tumor models derived from human cells to reproduce pathological and physiological processes, microfluidic tumor chips are reliable platforms for preclinical drug screening, personalized medicine, and fundamental oncology research. This review summarizes the recent progress of the microfluidic tumor chip and highlights tumor vascularization strategies. In addition, promising imaging modalities for enhancing data acquisition and machine learning-based image analysis methods to accurately quantify the dynamics of tumor spheroids are introduced. It is believed that the microfluidic tumor chip will serve as a high-throughput, biomimetic, and multi-sensor integrated system for efficient preclinical drug evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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27
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Lee KH, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Generation for Drug Screening. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:445. [PMID: 34821661 PMCID: PMC8615712 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) have been employed in biomedical fields owing to their advantage in designing a three-dimensional (3D) solid tumor model. For controlling multicellular cancer spheroids, mimicking the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is important to understand cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In drug cytotoxicity assessments, MCTs provide better mimicry of conventional solid tumors that can precisely represent anticancer drug candidates' effects. To generate incubate multicellular spheroids, researchers have developed several 3D multicellular spheroid culture technologies to establish a research background and a platform using tumor modelingvia advanced materials science, and biosensing techniques for drug-screening. In application, drug screening was performed in both invasive and non-invasive manners, according to their impact on the spheroids. Here, we review the trend of 3D spheroid culture technology and culture platforms, and their combination with various biosensing techniques for drug screening in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
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28
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Label-free functional and structural imaging of liver microvascular complex in mice by Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20054. [PMID: 34625574 PMCID: PMC8501041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free imaging of the functional and structural properties of microvascular complex in mice liver. The imaging was performed by a custom-built Jones-matrix based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT), which is capable of measuring tissue's attenuation coefficient, birefringence, and tiny tissue dynamics. Two longitudinal studies comprising a healthy liver and an early fibrotic liver model were performed. In the healthy liver, we observed distinctive high dynamics beneath the vessel at the initial time point (0 h) and reappearance of high dynamics at 32-h time point. In the early fibrotic liver model, we observed high dynamics signal that reveals a clear network vascular structure by volume rendering. Longitudinal time-course imaging showed that these high dynamics signals faded and decreased over time.
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29
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Deloria AJ, Haider S, Dietrich B, Kunihs V, Oberhofer S, Knofler M, Leitgeb R, Liu M, Drexler W, Haindl R. Ultra-High-Resolution 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Inner Structures of Human Placenta-Derived Trophoblast Organoids. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:2368-2376. [PMID: 33201804 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3038466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used for analyses of human placenta organoids in situ without sample preparation. METHODS The trophoblast organoids analyzed were derived from primary human trophoblast. In this study a custom made ultra-high-resolution spectral domain OCT system with uniform spatial and axial resolution of 2.48 μm in organoid tissue was used. The obtained OCT results align to differentiation status tested via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analyses, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence of histological sections. RESULTS 3D OCT enables a more detailed placenta organoid monitoring compared to brightfield microscopy. Inner architecture with light scattering "bridges" surrounding cavities were visualized and quantified in situ for the first time. The formation of these bridges and cavities is congruent to differentiated trophoblast organoids having developed syncytiotrophoblasts. CONCLUSION Using 3D OCT in living placenta organoids is a fast tool to assess the differentiation status and resolve internal structures in situ, which is not possible with standard live cell imaging modality. SIGNIFICANCE Only recently human placenta-derived organoids were established, allowing to have a highly reproducible and stable in vitro model to investigate not only developmental but also physiological and pathophysiological processes during early pregnancy. To our knowledge, this work is the first to analyze living human placenta organoids using 3D OCT. Thereby, the rapid and especially non-endpoint OCT qualitative analyses align to the differentiation stage of organoids, which will aid future advancement in this field.
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30
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Three-dimensional virtual histology in unprocessed resected tissues with photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Sci Rep 2021; 11:13723. [PMID: 34215785 PMCID: PMC8253737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological images are critical in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Unfortunately, current methods for capturing these microscopy images require resource intensive tissue preparation that may delay diagnosis for days or weeks. To streamline this process, clinicians are limited to assessing small macroscopically representative subsets of tissues. Here, a combined photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscope and swept source optical coherence tomography system designed to circumvent these diagnostic limitations is presented. The proposed multimodal microscope provides label-free three-dimensional depth resolved virtual histology visualizations, capturing nuclear and extranuclear tissue morphology directly on thick unprocessed specimens. The capabilities of the proposed method are demonstrated directly in unprocessed formalin fixed resected tissues. The first images of nuclear contrast in resected human tissues, and the first three-dimensional visualization of subsurface nuclear morphology in resected Rattus tissues, captured with a non-contact photoacoustic system are presented here. Moreover, the proposed system captures the first co-registered OCT and PARS images enabling direct histological assessment of unprocessed tissues. This work represents a vital step towards the development of a rapid histological imaging modality to circumvent the limitations of current histopathology techniques.
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31
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Gil DA, Deming DA, Skala MC. Volumetric growth tracking of patient-derived cancer organoids using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3789-3805. [PMID: 34457380 PMCID: PMC8367263 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PCOs) are in vitro organotypic models that reflect in vivo drug response, thus PCOs are an accessible model for cancer drug screening in a clinically relevant timeframe. However, current methods to assess the response of PCOs are limited. Here, a custom swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was used to rapidly evaluate volumetric growth and drug response in PCOs. This system was optimized for an inverted imaging geometry to enable high-throughput imaging of PCOs. An automated image analysis framework was developed to perform 3D single-organoid tracking of PCOs across multiple time points over 48 hours. Metabolic inhibitors and cancer therapies decreased PCOs volumetric growth rate compared to control PCOs. Single-organoid tracking improved sensitivity to drug treatment compared to a pooled analysis of changes in organoid volume. OCT provided a more accurate assessment of organoid volume compared to a volume estimation method based on 2D projections. Single-organoid tracking with OCT also identified heterogeneity in drug response between solid and hollow PCOs. This work demonstrates that OCT and 3D single-organoid tracking are attractive tools to monitor volumetric growth and drug response in PCOs, providing rapid, non-destructive methods to quantify heterogeneity in PCOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Gil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Dustin A. Deming
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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32
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Takahashi H, Kikuchi Y. 3D in vitro co-culture disc for spatiotemporal image analysis of cancer-stromal cell interaction. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4448-4458. [PMID: 33997871 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00629k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Assessing phenotypic changes in both cancer cells and surrounding cells, which construct the tumour microenvironment, is essential for understanding the role of bi-directional communication among cells in the tumorigenic process. Here, a 3D in vitro cancer-stroma co-culture system, a co-culture disc, was reported for the spatiotemporal image analysis of cancer-stromal cell interactions. Due to their centre-open disc structure, the lung cancer A549 spheroids could be co-cultured with a high concentration of fibroblasts, without gel shrinkage in the long term (>1 month). In the co-culture disc, some populations of applied normal human lung fibroblasts showed morphological and phenotypic changes into activated myofibroblasts (AMFs) with high expression of myo-fibrotic α-smooth muscle actin fibre in the cell, which is a well-known feature of cancer-associated fibroblasts. The AMFs appeared heterogeneously at the boundary of cancer spheroids, which could not be detected by standard mass analysis using a quantitative RT-qPCR system, and they led to A549 cancer cell migration. In addition, the effects of oncogenic or medicinal additives were quantitatively assessed by combining co-culture discs with image analysis. This system provides a new potential technique to analyse the complicated crosstalk among cancer tissue-constructing cells during the tumorigenic process and provides insight into applications for the quantitative evaluation of substances inducing tumorigenesis as well as drugs to prevent and inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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33
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Yan F, Gunay G, Valerio TI, Wang C, Wilson JA, Haddad MS, Watson M, Connell MO, Davidson N, Fung KM, Acar H, Tang Q. Characterization and quantification of necrotic tissues and morphology in multicellular ovarian cancer tumor spheroids using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3352-3371. [PMID: 34221665 PMCID: PMC8221959 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid model is a critical tool for high-throughput ovarian cancer research and anticancer drug development in vitro. However, the 3D structure prevents high-resolution imaging of the inner side of the spheroids. We aim to visualize and characterize 3D morphological and physiological information of the contact multicellular ovarian tumor spheroids growing over time. We intend to further evaluate the distinctive evolutions of the tumor spheroid and necrotic tissue volumes in different cell numbers and determine the most appropriate mathematical model for fitting the growth of tumor spheroids and necrotic tissues. A label-free and noninvasive swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging platform was applied to obtain two-dimensional (2D) and 3D morphologies of ovarian tumor spheroids over 18 days. Ovarian tumor spheroids of two different initial cell numbers (5,000- and 50,000- cells) were cultured and imaged (each day) over the time of growth in 18 days. Four mathematical models (Exponential-Linear, Gompertz, logistic, and Boltzmann) were employed to describe the growth kinetics of the tumor spheroids volume and necrotic tissues. Ovarian tumor spheroids have different growth curves with different initial cell numbers and their growths contain different stages with various growth rates over 18 days. The volumes of 50,000-cells spheroids and the corresponding necrotic tissues are larger than that of the 5,000-cells spheroids. The formation of necrotic tissue in 5,000-cells numbers is slower than that in the 50,000-cells ones. Moreover, the Boltzmann model exhibits the best fitting performance for the growth of tumor spheroids and necrotic tissues. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can serve as a promising imaging modality to visualize and characterize morphological and physiological features of multicellular ovarian tumor spheroids. The Boltzmann model integrating with 3D OCT data of ovarian tumor spheroids provides great potential for high-throughput cancer research in vitro and aiding in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Gokhan Gunay
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Trisha I Valerio
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Chen Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Jayla A Wilson
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Majood S Haddad
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Maegan Watson
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Michael O Connell
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Noah Davidson
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - Handan Acar
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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34
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Gil DA, Deming D, Skala MC. Patient-derived cancer organoid tracking with wide-field one-photon redox imaging to assess treatment response. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200400R. [PMID: 33754540 PMCID: PMC7983069 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Accessible tools are needed for rapid, non-destructive imaging of patient-derived cancer organoid (PCO) treatment response to accelerate drug discovery and streamline treatment planning for individual patients. AIM To segment and track individual PCOs with wide-field one-photon redox imaging to extract morphological and metabolic variables of treatment response. APPROACH Redox imaging of the endogenous fluorophores, nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH), nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), was used to monitor the metabolic state and morphology of PCOs. Redox imaging was performed on a wide-field one-photon epifluorescence microscope to evaluate drug response in two colorectal PCO lines. An automated image analysis framework was developed to track PCOs across multiple time points over 48 h. Variables quantified for each PCO captured metabolic and morphological response to drug treatment, including the optical redox ratio (ORR) and organoid area. RESULTS The ORR (NAD(P)H/(FAD + NAD(P)H)) was independent of PCO morphology pretreatment. Drugs that induced cell death decreased the ORR and growth rate compared to control. Multivariate analysis of redox and morphology variables identified distinct PCO subpopulations. Single-organoid tracking improved sensitivity to drug treatment compared to pooled organoid analysis. CONCLUSIONS Wide-field one-photon redox imaging can monitor metabolic and morphological changes on a single organoid-level, providing an accessible, non-destructive tool to screen drugs in patient-matched samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Gil
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dustin Deming
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Melissa C. Skala,
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35
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Tsai CY, Shih CH, Chu HS, Hsieh YT, Huang SL, Chen WL. Submicron spatial resolution optical coherence tomography for visualising the 3D structures of cells cultivated in complex culture systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3492. [PMID: 33568705 PMCID: PMC7875968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) configuration of in vitro cultivated cells has been recognised as a valuable tool in developing stem cell and cancer cell therapy. However, currently available imaging approaches for live cells have drawbacks, including unsatisfactory resolution, lack of cross-sectional and 3D images, and poor penetration of multi-layered cell products, especially when cells are cultivated on semitransparent carriers. Herein, we report a prototype of a full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) system with isotropic submicron spatial resolution in en face and cross-sectional views that provides a label-free, non-invasive platform with high-resolution 3D imaging. We validated the imaging power of this prototype by examining (1) cultivated neuron cells (N2A cell line); (2) multilayered, cultivated limbal epithelial sheets (mCLESs); (3) neuron cells (N2A cell line) and mCLESs cultivated on a semitransparent amniotic membrane (stAM); and (4) directly adherent colonies of neuron-like cells (DACNs) covered by limbal epithelial cell sheets. Our FF-OCT exhibited a penetrance of up to 150 μm in a multilayered cell sheet and displayed the morphological differences of neurons and epithelial cells in complex coculture systems. This FF-OCT is expected to facilitate the visualisation of cultivated cell products in vitro and has a high potential for cell therapy and translational medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Advanced Ocular Surface and Corneal Nerve Regeneration Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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36
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Agrawal G, Ramesh A, Aishwarya P, Sally J, Ravi M. Devices and techniques used to obtain and analyze three-dimensional cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3126. [PMID: 33460298 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures are indispensable for both basic and applied research. Advancements in cell culture and analysis increase their utility for basic research and translational applications. A marked development in this direction is advent of three-dimensional (3D) cultures. The extent of advancement in 3D cell culture methods over the past decade has warranted referring to a single cell type being cultured as an aggregate or spheroid using simple scaffolds as "traditional." In recent years, the development of "next-generation" devices has enabled cultured cells to mimic their natural environments much better than the traditional 3D culture systems. Automated platforms like chip-based devices, magnetic- and acoustics-based assembly devices, di-electrophoresis (DEP), micro pocket cultures (MPoC), and 3D bio-printing provide a dynamic environment compared to the rather static conditions of the traditional simple scaffold-based 3D cultures. Chip-based technologies, which are centered on principles of microfluidics, are revolutionizing the ways in which cell culture and analysis can be compacted into table-top instruments. A parallel evolution in analytical devices enabled efficient assessment of various complex physiological and pathological endpoints. This is augmented by concurrent development of software enabling rapid large-scale automated data acquisition and analysis like image cytometry, elastography, optical coherence tomography, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and biosensors. The techniques and devices utilized for the purpose of 3D cell culture and subsequent analysis depend primarily on the requirement of the study. We present here an in-depth account of the devices for obtaining and analyzing 3D cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatika Agrawal
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anuradha Ramesh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Pargaonkar Aishwarya
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Jennifer Sally
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Yang Z, Shang J, Liu C, Zhang J, Liang Y. Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors Based on Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:830-837. [PMID: 33442913 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Visual inspection is the primary diagnostic method for oral diseases, and its accuracy of diagnosis mainly depends on surgeons' experience. Histological examination is still the golden standard, but it is invasive and time-consuming. In order to address these issues, as a noninvasive imaging technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can differentiate oral tissue with advantages of real-time, in situ, and high resolution. The aim of this study is to explore optimal quantitative parameters in OCT images to distinguish different salivary gland tumors. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS OCT images of four salivary gland tumors were obtained from 14 patients, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), basal cell adenoma (BCA), and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Two parameters of optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) and standard deviation (SD) along the depth of OCT signal were combined to create a computational model of classification, and sensitivity/specificity of classification was calculated statistically to evaluate their results. RESULTS A total of 5,919 two-dimensional (2D) OCT images were used for quantitative analysis. The classification sensitivities of 89.6%, 95.0%, 89.5%, 97.8%, and specificities of 97.6%, 99.0%, 98.0%, 98.2%, respectively, were obtained for MC, ACC, BCA, and PA, with the thresholds of 3.6 mm-1 based on OAC and 0.22/0.18 based on SD. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that OAC and SD could be considered as important parameters in quantitative analysis of OCT images for salivary gland tissue characterization and intraoperative diagnosis. It is of great potential value in promoting the application of this method based on OCT in clinical practice. Lasers Surg. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianwei Shang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital; Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Yanmei Liang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
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38
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Wu J, Bi A, Zheng F, Huang S, Li Y, Ding J, Xiang D, Zeng W. Wash-free 3D imaging and detection of glioma with a novel neuropotential targeted AIE probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:801-804. [PMID: 33367314 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration of a self-assembled nanoprobe (TPIG-NP) to exert imaging of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Anyao Bi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jipeng Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS), often referred to as "organ-on-chips," are microfluidic-based in vitro models that aim to recapitulate the dynamic chemical and mechanical microenvironment of living organs. MPS promise to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo models and ultimately improve the translation from preclinical animal studies to clinical trials. However, despite the explosion of interest in this area in recent years, and the obvious rewards for such models that could improve R&D efficiency and reduce drug attrition in the clinic, the pharmaceutical industry has been slow to fully adopt this technology. The ability to extract robust, quantitative information from MPS at scale is a key requirement if these models are to impact drug discovery and the subsequent drug development process. Microscopy imaging remains a core technology that enables the capture of information at the single-cell level and with subcellular resolution. Furthermore, such imaging techniques can be automated, increasing throughput and enabling compound screening. In this review, we discuss a range of imaging techniques that have been applied to MPS of varying focus, such as organoids and organ-chip-type models. We outline the opportunities these technologies can bring in terms of understanding mechanistic biology, but also how they could be used in higher-throughput screens, widening the scope of their impact in drug discovery. We discuss the associated challenges of imaging these complex models and the steps required to enable full exploitation. Finally, we discuss the requirements for MPS, if they are to be applied at a scale necessary to support drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Peel
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jackman
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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40
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Fröhlich E. Issues with Cancer Spheroid Models in Therapeutic Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2137-2148. [PMID: 32067603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218094200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for anti-cancer agents currently uses mainly cell lines in 2D culture. It is generally assumed that 3D culture, namely spheroids, represents physiologically more relevant models for tumors. Unfortunately, drug testing in spheroids is not as easy and reproducible as in 2D culture because there are factors that limit the universal use of spheroids as screening platforms. Technical problems in the generation of uniform spheroids, cell/tumor-specific differences in the ability to form spheroids, and more complex readout parameters are the main reasons for differences between spheroid data. The review discusses requirements for cancer spheroids to be representative models, suitable methodologies to generate spheroids for the screening and readout parameters for the evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Roberge CL, Kingsley DM, Faulkner DE, Sloat CJ, Wang L, Barroso M, Intes X, Corr DT. Non-Destructive Tumor Aggregate Morphology and Viability Quantification at Cellular Resolution, During Development and in Response to Drug. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:322-334. [PMID: 33007490 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered in vitro models, particularly multicellular spheroids and organoids, have become important tools to explore disease progression and guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies. These avascular constructs are particularly powerful in oncological research due to their ability to mimic several key aspects of in vivo tumors, such as 3D structure and pathophysiologic gradients. Advancement of spheroid models requires characterization of critical features (i.e., size, shape, cellular density, and viability) during model development, and in response to treatment. However, evaluation of these characteristics longitudinally, quantitatively and non-invasively remains a challenge. Herein, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is used as a label-free tool to assess 3D morphologies and cellular densities of tumor spheroids generated via the liquid overlay technique. We utilize this quantitative tool to assess Matrigel's influence on spheroid morphologic development, finding that the absence of Matrigel produces flattened, disk-like aggregates rather than 3D spheroids with physiologically-relevant features. Furthermore, this technology is adapted to quantify cell number within tumor spheroids, and to discern between live and dead cells, to non-destructively provide valuable information on tissue/construct viability, as well as a proof-of-concept for longitudinal drug efficacy studies. Together, these findings demonstrate OCT as a promising noninvasive, quantitative, label-free, longitudinal and cell-based method that can assess development and drug response in 3D cellular aggregates at a mesoscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Roberge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Denzel E Faulkner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Charles J Sloat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Abd El-Sadek I, Miyazawa A, Tzu-Wei Shen L, Makita S, Fukuda S, Yamashita T, Oka Y, Mukherjee P, Matsusaka S, Oshika T, Kano H, Yasuno Y. Optical coherence tomography-based tissue dynamics imaging for longitudinal and drug response evaluation of tumor spheroids. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6231-6248. [PMID: 33282486 PMCID: PMC7687946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.404336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based tissue dynamics imaging method to visualize and quantify tissue dynamics such as subcellular motion based on statistical analysis of rapid-time-sequence OCT signals at the same location. The analyses include logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) method and two types of OCT correlation decay speed analysis (OCDS). LIV is sensitive to the magnitude of the signal fluctuations, while OCDSs including early- and late-OCDS (OCDS e and OCDS l , respectively) are sensitive to the fast and slow tissue dynamics, respectively. These methods were able to visualize and quantify the longitudinal necrotic process of a human breast adenocarcinoma spheroid and its anti-cancer drug response. Additionally, the effects of the number of OCT signals and the total acquisition time on dynamics imaging are examined. Small number of OCT signals, e.g., five or nine suffice for dynamics imaging when the total acquisition time is suitably long.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Oka
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kano
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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43
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Kang YG, Jang H, Park Y, Kim BM. Development of a 3-D Physical Dynamics Monitoring System Using OCM with DVC for Quantification of Sprouting Endothelial Cells Interacting with a Collagen Matrix. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122693. [PMID: 32545667 PMCID: PMC7345655 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role during cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation by providing adhesion sites and serving as a physical scaffold. Elucidating the interaction between the cell and ECM can reveal the underlying mechanisms of cellular behavior that are currently unclear. Analysis of the deformation of the ECM due to cell-matrix interactions requires microscopic, three-dimensional (3-D) imaging methods, such as confocal microscopy and second-harmonic generation microscopy, which are currently limited by phototoxicity and bleaching as a result of the point-scanning approach. In this study, we suggest the use of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) as a live-cell, volumetric, fast imaging tool for analyzing the deformation of fibrous ECM. We optimized such OCM parameters as the sampling rate to obtain images of the best quality that meet the requirements for robust digital volume correlation (DVC) analysis. Visualization and analysis of the mechanical interaction between collagen ECM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) show that cellular adhesion during protrusion can be analyzed and quantified. The advantages of OCM, such as fine isotropic spatial resolution, fast time resolution, and low phototoxicity, make it the ideal optic tool for 3-D traction force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guk Kang
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hwanseok Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.-M.K.); +82-2-2286-1460 (Y.P.); +82-2-940-2771 (B.-M.K.)
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.-M.K.); +82-2-2286-1460 (Y.P.); +82-2-940-2771 (B.-M.K.)
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44
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Li R, Yin H, Hong J, Wang C, He B, Chen Z, Li Q, Xue P, Zhang X. Speckle reducing OCT using optical chopper. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:4021-4031. [PMID: 32122062 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been an important and powerful tool for biological research and clinical applications. However, speckle noise significantly degrades the image quality of OCT and has a negative impact on the clinical diagnosis accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel speckle noise suppression technique which changes the spatial distribution of sample beam using a special optical chopper. Then a series of OCT images with uncorrelated speckle patterns could be captured and compounded to improve the image quality without degradation of resolution. Typical signal-to-noise ratio improvement of ∼6.4 dB is experimentally achieved in tissue phantom imaging with average number n = 100. Furthermore, compared with conventional OCT, the proposed technique is demonstrated to view finer and clearer biological structures in human skin in vivo, such as sweat glands and blood vessels. The advantages of low cost, simple structure and compact integration will benefit the future design of handheld or endoscopic probe for biomedical imaging in research and clinical applications.
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45
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Tsai MT, Huang BH, Lei KF. Quantitative Monitoring of the Response of Tumor Spheroids Cultured in 3D Environment by Optical Coherence Tomography. IEEE ACCESS 2020; 8:28360-28366. [DOI: 10.1109/access.2020.2972620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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46
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Kingsley DM, Roberge CL, Rudkouskaya A, Faulkner DE, Barroso M, Intes X, Corr DT. Laser-based 3D bioprinting for spatial and size control of tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:357-370. [PMID: 30776506 PMCID: PMC7171976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
3D multicellular aggregates, and more advanced organotypic systems, have become central tools in recent years to study a wide variety of complex biological processes. Most notably, these model systems have become mainstream within oncology (multicellular tumor spheroids) and regenerative medicine (embryoid bodies) research. However, the biological behavior of these in vitro tissue surrogates is extremely sensitive to their aggregate size and geometry. Indeed, both of these geometrical parameters are key in producing pathophysiological gradients responsible for cellular and structural heterogeneity, replicating in vivo observations. Moreover, the fabrication techniques most widely used for producing these models lack the ability to accurately control cellular spatial location, an essential component for regulating homotypic and heterotypic cell signaling. Herein, we report on a 3D bioprinting technique, laser direct-write (LDW), that enables precise control of both spatial patterning and size of cell-encapsulating microbeads. The generated cell-laden beads are further processed into core-shelled structures, allowing for the growth and formation of self-contained, self-aggregating cells (e.g., breast cancer cells, embryonic stem cells). Within these structures we demonstrate our ability to produce multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) and embryoid bodies (EBs) with well-controlled overall size and shape, that can be designed on demand. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of aggregate size on the uptake of a commonly employed ligand for receptor-mediated drug delivery, Transferrin, indicating that larger tumor spheroids exhibit greater spatial heterogeneity in ligand uptake. Taken together, these findings establish LDW as a versatile biomanufacturing platform for bioprinting and patterning core-shelled structures to generate size-controlled 3D multicellular aggregates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multicellular 3D aggregates are powerful in vitro models used to study a wide variety of complex biological processes, particularly within oncology and regenerative medicine. These tissue surrogates are fabricated using environments that encourage cellular self-assembly. However, specific applications require control of aggregate size and position to recapitulate key in vivo parameters (e.g., pathophysiological gradients and homotypic/heterotypic cell signaling). Herein, we demonstrate the ability to create and spatially pattern size-controlled embryoid bodies and tumor spheroids, using laser-based 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of tumor spheroid size on internalization of Transferrin, a common ligand for targeted therapy, finding greater spatial heterogeneity in our large aggregates. Overall, this technique offers incredible promise and flexibility for fabricating idealized 3D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Roberge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Denzel E Faulkner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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47
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Charbonneau AM, Al-Samadi A, Salo T, Tran SD. 3D Culture Histology Cryosectioned Well Insert Technology Preserves the Structural Relationship between Cells and Biomaterials for Time-Lapse Analysis of 3D Cultures. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900105. [PMID: 31294920 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
When performing histology of softer biomaterials, aspiration disrupts the cellular and molecular location information. This study aims to develop a cryosectionable well insert able to preserve the biomaterial and cell's original 3D conformation from the well to histology analysis. The well insert is composed of a paraffin-coated gelatine pill. Within the coated capsule, the human epithelial cell line (NS-SV-AC) is cultured in Matrigel, GrowDex, Myogel, Myogel + GrowDex, or cell culture media for 14 days. At 0 and 14 days, the samples are frozen in liquid nitrogen and cryotome is used to create sections. The slides are stained by Sirius Red and immunohistochemistry using antibodies human collagens I-V and human Ki-67. Sirius Red shows pink shades of biomaterials and the best cellular vertical distribution throughout the sagittal section of the well is achieved with Matrigel, GrowDex, and Myogel + GrowDex; in Myogel and media, the cells sink. For collagen protein expression, only Matrigel induces a notable difference while in the other materials, collagen staining is weak or difficult to distinguish from endogenous collagens. Ki-67 expression is maintained over time. The 3D-cryo well insert provides a new time-lapse histology perspective of analysis for liquid or gel cultures that maintains cells and macromolecules in their unaltered in-well configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Charbonneau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, H3A 0C7, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, H3A 0C7, Montréal, Canada
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48
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Hari N, Patel P, Ross J, Hicks K, Vanholsbeeck F. Optical coherence tomography complements confocal microscopy for investigation of multicellular tumour spheroids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10601. [PMID: 31332221 PMCID: PMC6646385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of optical properties, such as the refractive index (RI), of biological tissues is important in optical imaging, as they influence the distribution and propagation of light in tissue. To accurately study the response of cancerous cells to drugs, optimised imaging protocols are required. This study uses a simple custom-built spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to conduct RI measurements of multicellular spheroids, three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro culture systems, of the cell line HCT116. The spheroid RIs are compared to study the effect of growth over time. To improve confocal microscopy imaging protocols, two immersion media (glycerol and ScaleView-A2) matching the spheroid RIs were trialled, with the aim to reduce the RI mismatch between the spheroid and the immersion medium and thus improve imaging depth with confocal microscopy. ScaleView-A2 (n = 1.380) aided in achieving greater depths of imaging of the multicellular spheroids under confocal microscopy. This improvement in imaging depth confirmed the utility of our RI measurements, proving the promising outlook of OCT as a complementary tool to microscopy in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Hari
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Ross
- Biomedical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Hicks
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand. .,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Arandian A, Bagheri Z, Ehtesabi H, Najafi Nobar S, Aminoroaya N, Samimi A, Latifi H. Optical Imaging Approaches to Monitor Static and Dynamic Cell-on-Chip Platforms: A Tutorial Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900737. [PMID: 31087503 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized laboratories on chip platforms play an important role in handling life sciences studies. The platforms may contain static or dynamic biological cells. Examples are a fixed medium of an organ-on-a-chip and individual cells moving in a microfluidic channel, respectively. Due to feasibility of control or investigation and ethical implications of live targets, both static and dynamic cell-on-chip platforms promise various applications in biology. To extract necessary information from the experiments, the demand for direct monitoring is rapidly increasing. Among different microscopy methods, optical imaging is a straightforward choice. Considering light interaction with biological agents, imaging signals may be generated as a result of scattering or emission effects from a sample. Thus, optical imaging techniques could be categorized into scattering-based and emission-based techniques. In this review, various optical imaging approaches used in monitoring static and dynamic platforms are introduced along with their optical systems, advantages, challenges, and applications. This review may help biologists to find a suitable imaging technique for different cell-on-chip studies and might also be useful for the people who are going to develop optical imaging systems in life sciences studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hamide Ehtesabi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Najafi Nobar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 1969764499, Iran
| | - Neda Aminoroaya
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Ashkan Samimi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Shi W, Reid L, Huang Y, Uhl CG, He R, Zhou C, Liu Y. Bi-layer blood vessel mimicking microfluidic platform for antitumor drug screening based on co-culturing 3D tumor spheroids and endothelial layers. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:044108. [PMID: 31372195 PMCID: PMC6669041 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture is not ideal for traditional drug screening, because 2D culture does not accurately mimic the physiological microenvironment of tumor cells. Thus, a drug-screening system which more closely mimics the microenvironment of in vivo tumors is necessary. Here, we present a biomimicking bilayer microfluidic device that can facilitate antitumor drug screening. The microfluidic device consists of two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pieces with channels which are separated by a semipermeable membrane to allow water, oxygen, and nutrition supply, while preventing cell migration. The channels embedded on the two PDMS pieces overlap each other over a long distance to ensure a larger exchange area to mimic the blood vessel-tumor model. High concentrations of endothelial cells (EC) are first seeded onto the membrane through the apical channel, and after a two-day culture, a confluent EC monolayer forms. Tumor spheroid-laden Matrigel is then seeded into the basal channel. After the Matrigel is cured, the device is ready for drug testing. Paclitaxel is used as the model drug for testing. Confocal microscopy and ImageJ are used to assess the efficacy of different concentrations of paclitaxel, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) is employed to determine the tumor volumetric change after the drug treatment. The results indicate that the proposed bilayer microfluidic device in combination with confocal and OCT optical characterization provide an efficient platform for antitumor drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Lara Reid
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yongyang Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Christopher G. Uhl
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Ran He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | | | - Yaling Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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