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Oturkar CC, Rosario SR, Hutson AD, Groman A, Edge SB, Morrison CD, Swetzig WM, Wang J, Park JH, Kaipparettu BA, Singh PK, Kumar S, Cappuccino HH, Ranjan M, Adjei A, Ghasemi M, Goey AK, Kulkarni S, Das GM. ESR1 and p53 interactome alteration defines mechanisms of tamoxifen response in luminal breast cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109995. [PMID: 38868185 PMCID: PMC11166704 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The canonical mechanism behind tamoxifen's therapeutic effect on estrogen receptor α/ESR1+ breast cancers is inhibition of ESR1-dependent estrogen signaling. Although ESR1+ tumors expressing wild-type p53 were reported to be more responsive to tamoxifen (Tam) therapy, p53 has not been factored into choice of this therapy and the mechanism underlying the role of p53 in Tam response remains unclear. In a window-of-opportunity trial on patients with newly diagnosed stage I-III ESR1+/HER2/wild-type p53 breast cancer who were randomized to arms with or without Tam prior to surgery, we reveal that the ESR1-p53 interaction in tumors was inhibited by Tam. This resulted in functional reactivation of p53 leading to transcriptional reprogramming that favors tumor-suppressive signaling, as well as downregulation of oncogenic pathways. These findings illustrating the convergence of ESR1 and p53 signaling during Tam therapy enrich mechanistic understanding of the impact of p53 on the response to Tam therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C. Oturkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spencer R. Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alan D. Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adrianne Groman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B. Edge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Carl D. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wendy M. Swetzig
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Prashant K. Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shicha Kumar
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Helen H. Cappuccino
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manish Ranjan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Araba Adjei
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew K.L. Goey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Swati Kulkarni
- Division of Breast Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gokul M. Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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2
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Stangis MM, Chen Z, Min J, Glass SE, Jackson JO, Radyk MD, Hoi XP, Brennen WN, Yu M, Dinh HQ, Coffey RJ, Shrubsole MJ, Chan KS, Grady WM, Yegnasubramanian S, Lyssiotis CA, Maitra A, Halberg RB, Dey N, Lau KS. The Hallmarks of Precancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:683-689. [PMID: 38571435 PMCID: PMC11170686 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Research on precancers, as defined as at-risk tissues and early lesions, is of high significance given the effectiveness of early intervention. We discuss the need for risk stratification to prevent overtreatment, an emphasis on the role of genetic and epigenetic aging when considering risk, and the importance of integrating macroenvironmental risk factors with molecules and cells in lesions and at-risk normal tissues for developing effective intervention and health policy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Stangis
- Department of Oncology – McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine – Gastroenterology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Jimin Min
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Sarah E. Glass
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Jordan O. Jackson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Megan D. Radyk
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Xen Ping Hoi
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | - W. Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology – Genitourinary Cancer Disease Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medicine
| | - Ming Yu
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- Department of Oncology – McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Keith S. Chan
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | - William M. Grady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology – Genitourinary Cancer Disease Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences – Molecular Radiation Science Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Pathology – Kidney-Urologic Pathology Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Internal Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Richard B. Halberg
- Department of Oncology – McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine – Gastroenterology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Neelendu Dey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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3
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Bu W, Li Y. Advances in Immunocompetent Mouse and Rat Models. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041328. [PMID: 37217281 PMCID: PMC10810718 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models of breast cancer have played critical roles in our understanding of breast cancer development and progression as well as preclinical testing of cancer prevention and therapeutics. In this article, we first review the values and challenges of conventional genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and newer iterations of these models, especially those with inducible or conditional regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Then, we discuss nongermline (somatic) GEM models of breast cancer with temporospatial control, made possible by intraductal injection of viral vectors to deliver oncogenes or to manipulate the genome of mammary epithelial cells. Next, we introduce the latest development in precision editing of endogenous genes using in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We conclude with the recent development in generating somatic rat models for modeling estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, something that has been difficult to accomplish in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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4
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Li S, Guo Q, Guo R, Xu H. Transcriptional factor BRD4 promotes the stemness of esophageal cancer by activating the nuclear PD-L1/RelB axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:669-679. [PMID: 37615218 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignancy associated with therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. This study investigates the role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in esophageal cancer stem cell (ECSC) formation. ECSCs were enriched and characterized using various assays. We found that both PD-L1 and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) were upregulated in ECSCs, promoting their stemness. Inhibiting BRD4 suppressed ECSC markers expression and sphere formation. Furthermore, BRD4 inhibitors downregulated membrane and nuclear PD-L1 levels, with knockdown of PD-L1 inhibiting ECSC formation. PD-L1 degraders also affected PD-L1 and its downstream effector RelB expression. Moreover, inhibiting RelB influenced sphere formation through interleukin-6 expression. This study reveals the critical role of the BRD4/nuclear PD-L1/RelB axis in ECSC formation, highlighting nuclear PD-L1 as a potential immunotherapeutic target for refractory EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguo Li
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qunhuang Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruixiang Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Watson J, Wang T, Ho KL, Feng Y, Mahawan T, Dobbin KK, Zhao S. Human basal-like breast cancer is represented by one of the two mammary tumor subtypes in dogs. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:114. [PMID: 37789381 PMCID: PMC10546663 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20% of breast cancers in humans are basal-like, a subtype that is often triple-negative and difficult to treat. An effective translational model for basal-like breast cancer is currently lacking and urgently needed. To determine whether spontaneous mammary tumors in pet dogs could meet this need, we subtyped canine mammary tumors and evaluated the dog-human molecular homology at the subtype level. METHODS We subtyped 236 canine mammary tumors from 3 studies by applying various subtyping strategies on their RNA-seq data. We then performed PAM50 classification with canine tumors alone, as well as with canine tumors combined with human breast tumors. We identified feature genes for human BLBC and luminal A subtypes via machine learning and used these genes to repeat canine-alone and cross-species tumor classifications. We investigated differential gene expression, signature gene set enrichment, expression association, mutational landscape, and other features for dog-human subtype comparison. RESULTS Our independent genome-wide subtyping consistently identified two molecularly distinct subtypes among the canine tumors. One subtype is mostly basal-like and clusters with human BLBC in cross-species PAM50 and feature gene classifications, while the other subtype does not cluster with any human breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, the canine basal-like subtype recaptures key molecular features (e.g., cell cycle gene upregulation, TP53 mutation) and gene expression patterns that characterize human BLBC. It is enriched in histological subtypes that match human breast cancer, unlike the other canine subtype. However, about 33% of canine basal-like tumors are estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+), which is rare in human breast cancer. Further analysis reveals that these ER-PR+ canine tumors harbor additional basal-like features, including upregulation of genes of interferon-γ response and of the Wnt-pluripotency pathway. Interestingly, we observed an association of PGR expression with gene silencing in all canine tumors and with the expression of T cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PDCD1) in ER-PR+ canine tumors. CONCLUSIONS We identify a canine mammary tumor subtype that molecularly resembles human BLBC overall and thus could serve as a vital translational model of this devastating breast cancer subtype. Our study also sheds light on the dog-human difference in the mammary tumor histology and the hormonal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Watson
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kun-Lin Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tanakamol Mahawan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Dobbin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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6
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Bu W, Creighton CJ, Heavener KS, Gutierrez C, Dou Y, Ku AT, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Urrutia J, Jiang W, Yue F, Jia L, Ibrahim AA, Zhang B, Huang S, Li Y. Efficient cancer modeling through CRISPR-Cas9/HDR-based somatic precision gene editing in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0059. [PMID: 37172086 PMCID: PMC10181191 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 has been used successfully to introduce indels in somatic cells of rodents; however, precise editing of single nucleotides has been hampered by limitations of flexibility and efficiency. Here, we report technological modifications to the CRISPR-Cas9 vector system that now allows homology-directed repair-mediated precise editing of any proto-oncogene in murine somatic tissues to generate tumor models with high flexibility and efficiency. Somatic editing of either Kras or Pik3ca in both normal and hyperplastic mammary glands led to swift tumorigenesis. The resulting tumors shared some histological, transcriptome, and proteome features with tumors induced by lentivirus-mediated expression of the respective oncogenes, but they also exhibited some distinct characteristics, particularly showing less intertumor variation, thus potentially offering more consistent models for cancer studies and therapeutic development. Therefore, this technological advance fills a critical gap between the power of CRISPR technology and high-fidelity mouse models for studying human tumor evolution and preclinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey S. Heavener
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy T. Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jazmin Urrutia
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luyu Jia
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Atef Ibrahim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Education, Innovation, and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Watson J, Wang T, Ho KL, Feng Y, Dobbin KK, Zhao S. Human basal-like breast cancer is represented by one of the two mammary tumor subtypes in dogs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.02.530622. [PMID: 37034591 PMCID: PMC10081165 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.02.530622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background About 20% of breast cancers in humans are basal-like, a subtype that is often triple negative and difficult to treat. An effective translational model for basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is currently lacking and urgently needed. To determine if spontaneous mammary tumors in pet dogs could meet this need, we subtyped canine mammary tumors and evaluated the dog-human molecular homology at the subtype level. Methods We subtyped 236 canine mammary tumors from 3 studies by applying various subtyping strategies on their RNA-seq data. We then performed PAM50 classification with canine tumors alone, as well as with canine tumors combined with human breast tumors. We investigated differential gene expression, signature gene set enrichment, expression association, mutational landscape, and other features for dog-human subtype comparison. Results Our independent genome-wide subtyping consistently identified two molecularly distinct subtypes among the canine tumors. One subtype is mostly basal-like and clusters with human BLBC in cross-species PAM50 classification, while the other subtype does not cluster with any human breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, the canine basal-like subtype recaptures key molecular features (e.g., cell cycle gene upregulation, TP53 mutation) and gene expression patterns that characterize human BLBC. It is enriched histological subtypes that match human breast cancer, unlike the other canine subtype. However, about 33% of canine basal-like tumors are estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+), which is rare in human breast cancer. Further analysis reveals that these ER-PR+ canine tumors harbor additional basal-like features, including upregulation of genes of interferon-γ response and of the Wnt-pluripotency pathway. Interestingly, we observed an association of PGR expression with gene silencing in all canine tumors, and with the expression of T cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PDCD1 ) in ER-PR+ canine tumors. Conclusions We identify a canine mammary tumor subtype that molecularly resembles human BLBC overall, and thus could serve as a vital spontaneous animal model of this devastating breast cancer subtype. Our study also sheds light on the dog-human difference in the mammary tumor histology and the hormonal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Watson
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kun-Lin Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kevin K Dobbin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Bu W, Li Y. In Vivo Gene Delivery into Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Through Mammary Intraductal Injection. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64718. [PMID: 36847377 PMCID: PMC10874126 DOI: 10.3791/64718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse mammary glands comprise ductal trees, which are lined by epithelial cells and have one opening at the tip of each nipple. The epithelial cells play a major role in mammary gland function and are the origin of most mammary tumors. Introducing genes of interest into mouse mammary epithelial cells is a critical step in evaluating gene function in epithelial cells and generating mouse mammary tumor models. This goal can be accomplished through the intraductal injection of a viral vector carrying the genes of interest into the mouse mammary ductal tree. The injected virus subsequently infects mammary epithelial cells, bringing in the genes of interest. The viral vector can be lentiviral, retroviral, adenoviral, or adenovirus-associated viral (AAV). This study demonstrates how a gene of interest is delivered into mammary epithelial cells through mouse mammary intraductal injection of a viral vector. A lentivirus carrying GFP is used to show stable expression of a delivered gene, and a retrovirus carrying Erbb2 (HER2/Neu) is used to demonstrate oncogene-induced atypical hyperplastic lesions and mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine;
| | - Yi Li
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine;
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9
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Cell-of-Origin Targeted Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative and Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma with HDAC and HSP90 Inhibitors Combined with Niclosamide. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020332. [PMID: 36672285 PMCID: PMC9856736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a cell-of-origin-specific mRNA signature associated with metastasis and poor outcome in triple-negative carcinoma (TNBC). This TNBC cell-of-origin signature is associated with the over-expression of histone deacetylases and zinc finger protein HDAC1, HDAC7, and ZNF92, respectively. Based on this signature, we discovered that the combination of three drugs (an HDAC inhibitor, an anti-helminthic Niclosamide, and an antibiotic Tanespimycin that inhibits HSP90) synergistically reduces the proliferation of the twelve tested TNBC cell lines. Additionally, we discovered that four out of five inflammatory breast carcinoma cell lines are sensitive to this combination. Significantly, the concentration of the drugs that are used in these experiments are within or below clinically achievable dose, and the synergistic activity only emerged when all three drugs were combined. Our results suggest that HDAC and HSP90 inhibitors combined with the tapeworm drug Niclosamide can achieve remarkably synergistic inhibition of TNBC and IBC. Since Niclosamide, HDAC, and HSP90 inhibitors were approved for clinical use for other cancer types, it may be possible to repurpose their combination for TNBC and IBC.
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10
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Min J, Zhang C, Bliton RJ, Caldwell B, Caplan L, Presentation KS, Park DJ, Kong SH, Lee HS, Washington MK, Kim WH, Lau KS, Magness ST, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Goldenring JR, Choi E. Dysplastic Stem Cell Plasticity Functions as a Driving Force for Neoplastic Transformation of Precancerous Gastric Mucosa. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:875-890. [PMID: 35700772 PMCID: PMC9509466 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysplasia carries a high risk of cancer development; however, the cellular mechanisms for dysplasia evolution to cancer are obscure. We have previously identified 2 putative dysplastic stem cell (DSC) populations, CD44v6neg/CD133+/CD166+ (double positive [DP]) and CD44v6+/CD133+/CD166+ (triple positive [TP]), which may contribute to cellular heterogeneity of gastric dysplasia. Here, we investigated functional roles and cell plasticity of noncancerous Trop2+/CD133+/CD166+ DSCs initially developed in the transition from precancerous metaplasia to dysplasia in the stomach. METHODS Dysplastic organoids established from active Kras-induced mouse stomachs were used for transcriptome analysis, in vitro differentiation, and in vivo tumorigenicity assessments of DSCs. Cell heterogeneity and genetic alterations during clonal evolution of DSCs were examined by next-generation sequencing. Tissue microarrays were used to identify DSCs in human dysplasia. We additionally evaluated the effect of casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) regulation on the DSC activities using both mouse and human dysplastic organoids. RESULTS We identified a high similarity of molecular profiles between DP- and TP-DSCs, but more dynamic activities of DP-DSCs in differentiation and survival for maintaining dysplastic cell lineages through Wnt ligand-independent CK1α/β-catenin signaling. Xenograft studies demonstrated that the DP-DSCs clonally evolve toward multiple types of gastric adenocarcinomas and promote cancer cell heterogeneity by acquiring additional genetic mutations and recruiting the tumor microenvironment. Last, growth and survival of both mouse and human dysplastic organoids were controlled by targeting CK1α. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the DSCs are de novo gastric cancer-initiating cells responsible for neoplastic transformation and a promising target for intervention in early induction of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Min
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brianna Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leah Caplan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly S Presentation
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Do-Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Woo-Ho Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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11
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Liao W, Li Y, Wang J, Zhao M, Chen N, Zheng Q, Wan L, Mou Y, Tang J, Wang Z. Natural Products-Based Nanoformulations: A New Approach Targeting CSCs to Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4163-4193. [PMID: 36134202 PMCID: PMC9482958 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) lead to the occurrence and progression of cancer due to their strong tumorigenic, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation abilities. Existing cancer treatment methods cannot effectively kill or inhibit CSCs but instead enrich them and produce stronger proliferation, invasion, and metastasis capabilities, resulting in cancer recurrence and treatment resistance, which has become a difficult problem in clinical treatment. Therefore, targeting CSCs may be the most promising approach for comprehensive cancer therapy in the future. A variety of natural products (NP) have significant antitumor effects and have been identified to target and inhibit CSCs. However, pharmacokinetic defects and off-target effects have greatly hindered their clinical translation. NP-based nanoformulations (NPNs) have tremendous potential to overcome the disadvantages of NP against CSCs through site-specific delivery and by improving their pharmacokinetic parameters. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of NPNs targeting CSCs in cancer therapy, looking forward to transforming preclinical research results into clinical applications and bringing new prospects for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kamran M, Bhattacharya U, Omar M, Marchionni L, Ince TA. ZNF92, an unexplored transcription factor with remarkably distinct breast cancer over-expression associated with prognosis and cell-of-origin. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:99. [PMID: 36038558 PMCID: PMC9424319 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor phenotype is shaped both by transforming genomic alterations and the normal cell-of-origin. We identified a cell-of-origin associated prognostic gene expression signature, ET-9, that correlates with remarkably shorter overall and relapse free breast cancer survival, 8.7 and 6.2 years respectively. The genes associated with the ET-9 signature are regulated by histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) partly through ZNF92, a previously unexplored transcription factor with a single PubMed citation since its cloning in 1990s. Remarkably, ZNF92 is distinctively over-expressed in breast cancer compared to other tumor types, on a par with the breast cancer specificity of the estrogen receptor. Importantly, ET-9 signature appears to be independent of proliferation, and correlates with outcome in lymph-node positive, HER2+, post-chemotherapy and triple-negative breast cancers. These features distinguish ET-9 from existing breast cancer prognostic signatures that are generally related to proliferation and correlate with outcome in lymph-node negative, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers. Our results suggest that ET-9 could be also utilized as a predictive signature to select patients for HDAC inhibitor treatment.
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13
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Zheng Y, Luo L, Lambertz IU, Conti CJ, Fuchs-Young R. Early Dietary Exposures Epigenetically Program Mammary Cancer Susceptibility through Igf1-Mediated Expansion of the Mammary Stem Cell Compartment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162558. [PMID: 36010633 PMCID: PMC9406400 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a critical environmental factor affecting breast cancer risk, and recent evidence shows that dietary exposures during early development can affect lifetime mammary cancer susceptibility. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we used our established crossover feeding mouse model, where exposure to a high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet during defined developmental windows determines mammary tumor incidence and latency in carcinogen-treated mice. Mammary tumor incidence is significantly increased in mice receiving a HFHS post-weaning diet (high-tumor mice, HT) compared to those receiving a HFHS diet during gestation (low-tumor mice, LT). The current study revealed that the mammary stem cell (MaSC) population was significantly increased in mammary glands from HT compared to LT mice. Igf1 expression was increased in mammary stromal cells from HT mice, where it promoted MaSC self-renewal. The increased Igf1 expression was induced by DNA hypomethylation of the Igf1 Pr1 promoter, mediated by a decrease in Dnmt3b levels. Mammary tissues from HT mice also had reduced levels of Igfbp5, leading to increased bioavailability of tissue Igf1. This study provides novel insights into how early dietary exposures program mammary cancer risk, demonstrating that effective dietary intervention can reduce mammary cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Linjie Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Isabel U. Lambertz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Claudio J. Conti
- Department of Bioengineering, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Group (TERMeG), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin Fuchs-Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-436-0778
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14
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High-throughput profiling of histone post-translational modifications and chromatin modifying proteins by reverse phase protein array. J Proteomics 2022; 262:104596. [PMID: 35489683 PMCID: PMC10165948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic variation plays a significant role in normal development and human diseases including cancer, in part through post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones. Identification and profiling of changes in histone PTMs, and in proteins regulating PTMs, are crucial to understanding diseases, and for discovery of epigenetic therapeutic agents. In this study, we have adapted and validated an antibody-based reverse phase protein array (RPPA) platform for profiling 20 histone PTMs and expression of 40 proteins that modify histones and other epigenomic regulators. The specificity of the RPPA assay for histone PTMs was validated with synthetic peptides corresponding to histone PTMs and by detection of histone PTM changes in response to inhibitors of histone modifier proteins in cell cultures. The useful application of the RPPA platform was demonstrated with two models: induction of pluripotent stem cells and a mouse mammary tumor progression model. Described here is a robust platform that includes a rapid microscale method for histone isolation and partially automated workflows for analysis of histone PTMs and histone modifiers that can be performed in a high-throughput manner with hundreds of samples. This RPPA platform has potential for translational applications through the discovery and validation of epigenetic states as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study has established an antibody-based reverse phase protein array platform for global profiling of a wide range of post-translational modifications of histones and histone modifier proteins. The high-throughput platform provides comprehensive analyses of epigenetics for biological research and disease studies and may serve as screening assay for diagnostic purpose or therapy development.
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15
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Suarez-Martinez E, Suazo-Sanchez I, Celis-Romero M, Carnero A. 3D and organoid culture in research: physiology, hereditary genetic diseases and cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:39. [PMID: 35365227 PMCID: PMC8973959 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, cells reside in tissues subject to complex cell–cell interactions, signals from extracellular molecules and niche soluble and mechanical signaling. These microenvironment interactions are responsible for cellular phenotypes and functions, especially in normal settings. However, in 2D cultures, where interactions are limited to the horizontal plane, cells are exposed uniformly to factors or drugs; therefore, this model does not reconstitute the interactions of a natural microenvironment. 3D culture systems more closely resemble the architectural and functional properties of in vivo tissues. In these 3D cultures, the cells are exposed to different concentrations of nutrients, growth factors, oxygen or cytotoxic agents depending on their localization and communication. The 3D architecture also differentially alters the physiological, biochemical, and biomechanical properties that can affect cell growth, cell survival, differentiation and morphogenesis, cell migration and EMT properties, mechanical responses and therapy resistance. This latter point may, in part, explain the failure of current therapies and affect drug discovery research. Organoids are a promising 3D culture system between 2D cultures and in vivo models that allow the manipulation of signaling pathways and genome editing of cells in a body-like environment but lack the many disadvantages of a living system. In this review, we will focus on the role of stem cells in the establishment of organoids and the possible therapeutic applications of this model, especially in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suarez-Martinez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Suazo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Celis-Romero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Song IW, Nagamani SC, Nguyen D, Grafe I, Sutton VR, Gannon FH, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Tran A, Wallace M, Esposito P, Musaad S, Strudthoff E, McGuire S, Thornton M, Shenava V, Rosenfeld S, Shypailo R, Orwoll E, Lee B. Targeting transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152571. [PMID: 35113812 PMCID: PMC8970679 DOI: 10.1172/jci152571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no disease-specific therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Preclinical studies have shown that excessive TGF-β signaling is a driver of pathogenesis in OI. Here, we evaluated TGF-β signaling in children with OI and translated this discovery by conducting a phase 1 clinical trial of TGF-β inhibition in adults with OI. METHODS Histology and RNASeq were performed on bones obtained from children affected (n=10) and unaffected (n=4) by OI. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment assay, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to identify key dysregulated pathways. Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA), Western blot (WB), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to evaluate changes at the protein level. A phase 1 study with a single administration of fresolimumab, a pan-anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibody, was conducted in 8 adults with OI. Safety and effects of fresolimumab on bone remodeling markers and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (LS aBMD) were assessed. RESULTS OI bone demonstrated woven structure, increased osteocyte density, high turnover, and reduced bone maturation. SMAD phosphorylation was the most significantly up-regulated GO molecular event. GSEA identified TGF-β pathway as top activated signaling pathway in OI. IPA showed that TGF-β was the most significant activated upstream regulator mediating the global changes identified in OI bone. Treatment with fresolimumab was well-tolerated and associated with increase in LS aBMD in participants with OI type IV, while those with more severe OI type III and VIII had unchanged or decreased LS aBMD. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that TGF-β signaling is a driver pathogenic mechanism in OI bone and that anti-TGF-β therapy could be a potential disease-specific therapy with dose-dependent effects on bone mass and turnover. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03064074 FUNDING. This work was supported by the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium (BBDC) (U54AR068069). The BBDC is a part of the National Center for Advancing Translational Science's (NCATS') RDCRN. The BBDC is funded through a collaboration between the Office of Rare Disease Research (ORDR) of NCATS, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The BBDC was also supported by the OI Foundation. The work was supported by The Clinical Translational Core of BCM IDDRC (P50HD103555) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD. Funding from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6-001 also facilitated analysis for the study procedures. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. The study was supported by a research agreement with Sanofi Genzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Sandesh Cs Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Dianne Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ingo Grafe
- Department of Medicine and Center of Healthy Aging, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vernon Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Francis H Gannon
- Pathology and Immunology and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Maegen Wallace
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Paul Esposito
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Salma Musaad
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Strudthoff
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Sharon McGuire
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Michele Thornton
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Vinitha Shenava
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Scott Rosenfeld
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Roman Shypailo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
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17
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Young A, Bu W, Jiang W, Ku A, Kapali J, Dhamne S, Qin L, Hilsenbeck SG, Du YCN, Li Y. Targeting the Pro-Survival Protein BCL-2 to Prevent Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 15:3-10. [PMID: 34667127 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current chemopreventive strategies require 3-5 years of continuous treatment and have the concerns of significant side effects; therefore, new chemopreventive agents that require shorter and safer treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we developed a new murine model of breast cancer that mimics human breast cancer initiation and is ideal for testing the efficacy of chemopreventive therapeutics. In this model, introduction of lentivirus carrying a PIK3CA gene mutant commonly found in breast cancers infects a small number of the mammary cells, leading to atypia first and then to ductal carcinomas that are positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Venetoclax is a BH3 mimetic that blocks the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and has efficacy in treating breast cancer. We found that venetoclax treatment of atypia-bearing mice delayed the progression to tumors, improved overall survival, and reduced pulmonary metastasis. Therefore, prophylactic treatment to inhibit the pro-survival protein BCL-2 may provide an alternative to the currently available regimens in breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Young
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Bu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy Ku
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jyoti Kapali
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sagar Dhamne
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lan Qin
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi-Chieh Nancy Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yi Li
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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18
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Napierala JS, Rajapakshe K, Clark A, Chen YY, Huang S, Mesaros C, Xu P, Blair IA, Hauser LA, Farmer J, Lynch DR, Edwards DP, Coarfa C, Napierala M. Reverse Phase Protein Array Reveals Correlation of Retinoic Acid Metabolism With Cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's Ataxia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100094. [PMID: 33991687 PMCID: PMC8214145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers is important for assessment of disease progression, prediction of symptom development, and determination of treatment effectiveness. While unbiased analyses of differential gene expression using next-generation sequencing methods are now routinely conducted, proteomics studies are more challenging because of traditional methods predominantly being low throughput and offering a limited dynamic range for simultaneous detection of hundreds of proteins that drastically differ in their intracellular abundance. We utilized a sensitive and high-throughput proteomic technique, reverse phase protein array (RPPA), to attain protein expression profiles of primary fibroblasts obtained from patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and unaffected controls (CTRLs). The RPPA was designed to detect 217 proteins or phosphorylated proteins by individual antibody, and the specificity of each antibody was validated prior to the experiment. Among 62 fibroblast samples (44 FRDA and 18 CTRLs) analyzed, 30 proteins/phosphoproteins were significantly changed in FRDA fibroblasts compared with CTRL cells (p < 0.05), mostly representing signaling molecules and metabolic enzymes. As expected, frataxin was significantly downregulated in FRDA samples, thus serving as an internal CTRL for assay integrity. Extensive bioinformatics analyses were conducted to correlate differentially expressed proteins with critical disease parameters (e.g., selected symptoms, age of onset, guanine-adenine-adenine sizes, frataxin levels, and Functional Assessment Rating Scale scores). Members of the integrin family of proteins specifically associated with hearing loss in FRDA. Also, RPPA data, combined with results of transcriptome profiling, uncovered defects in the retinoic acid metabolism pathway in FRDA samples. Moreover, expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 differed significantly between cardiomyopathy-positive and cardiomyopathy-negative FRDA cohorts, demonstrating that metabolites such as retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid could become potential predictive biomarkers of cardiac presentation in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yu-Yun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peining Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren A Hauser
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Farmer
- Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance, Downingtown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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19
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Wang X, Wang C, Guan J, Chen B, Xu L, Chen C. Progress of Breast Cancer basic research in China. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2069-2079. [PMID: 34131406 PMCID: PMC8193257 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and the most lethal cancer in females both in China and worldwide. Currently, the origin of cancer stem cells, the heterogeneity of cancer cells, the mechanism of cancer metastasis and drug resistance are the most important issues that need to be addressed. Chinese investigators have recently made new discoveries in basic breast cancer researches, especially regarding cancer stem cells, cancer metabolism, and microenvironments. These efforts have led to a deeper understanding of drug resistance and metastasis and have also indicated new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. These findings emphasized the importance of the cancer stem cells for targeted therapy. In this review, we summarized the latest important findings in this field in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jiaheng Guan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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20
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Coarfa C, Grimm SL, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Lu HY, Wang X, Christensen KR, Mo Q, Edwards DP, Huang S. Reverse-Phase Protein Array: Technology, Application, Data Processing, and Integration. J Biomol Tech 2021; 32:15-29. [PMID: 34025221 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.21-3202-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is a high-throughput antibody-based targeted proteomics platform that can quantify hundreds of proteins in thousands of samples derived from tissue or cell lysates, serum, plasma, or other body fluids. Protein samples are robotically arrayed as microspots on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides. Each slide is probed with a specific antibody that can detect levels of total protein expression or post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation as a measure of protein activity. Here we describe workflow protocols and software tools that we have developed and optimized for RPPA in a core facility setting that includes sample preparation, microarray mapping and printing of protein samples, antibody labeling, slide scanning, image analysis, data normalization and quality control, data reporting, statistical analysis, and management of data. Our RPPA platform currently analyzes ∼240 validated antibodies that primarily detect proteins in signaling pathways and cellular processes that are important in cancer biology. This is a robust technology that has proven to be of value for both validation and discovery proteomic research and integration with other omics data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and.,Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Lu
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kurt R Christensen
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and.,Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and.,Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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O'Leary KA, Rugowski DE, Shea MP, Sullivan R, Moser AR, Schuler LA. Prolactin synergizes with canonical Wnt signals to drive development of ER+ mammary tumors via activation of the Notch pathway. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:231-239. [PMID: 33472091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) cooperates with other factors to orchestrate mammary development and lactation, and is epidemiologically linked to higher risk for breast cancer. However, how PRL collaborates with oncogenes to foster tumorigenesis and influence breast cancer phenotype is not well understood. To understand its interactions with canonical Wnt signals, which elevate mammary stem cell activity, we crossed heterozygous NRL-PRL mice with ApcMin/+ mice and treated pubertal females with a single dose of mutagen. PRL in the context of ApcMin/+ fueled a dramatic increase in tumor incidence in nulliparous mice, compared to ApcMin/+ alone. Although carcinomas in both NRL-PRL/ApcMin/+ and ApcMin/+ females acquired a mutation in the remaining wildtype Apc allele and expressed abundant β-catenin, PRL-promoted tumors displayed higher levels of Notch-driven target genes and Notch-dependent cancer stem cell activity, compared to β-catenin-driven activity in ApcMin/+ tumors. This PRL-induced shift to dominant Notch signals was evident in preneoplastic epithelial hyperplasias at 120 days of age. In NRL-PRL/ApcMin/+ females, rapidly proliferating hyperplasias, characterized by β-catenin at cell junctions and high NOTCH1 expression, contrasted with slower growing lesions with nuclear β-catenin in ApcMin/+ females. These studies demonstrate that PRL can powerfully modulate the incidence and phenotype of mammary tumors, shedding light on mechanisms whereby PRL elevates risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael P Shea
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy R Moser
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
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22
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Coarfa C, Grimm SL, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Lu HY, Wang X, Christensen KR, Mo Q, Edwards DP, Huang S. Reverse-Phase Protein Array: Technology, Application, Data Processing, and Integration. J Biomol Tech 2021:jbt.2021-3202-001. [PMID: 33584151 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.2021-3202-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is a high-throughput antibody-based targeted proteomics platform that can quantify hundreds of proteins in thousands of samples derived from tissue or cell lysates, serum, plasma, or other body fluids. Protein samples are robotically arrayed as microspots on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides. Each slide is probed with a specific antibody that can detect levels of total protein expression or post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation as a measure of protein activity. Here we describe workflow protocols and software tools that we have developed and optimized for RPPA in a core facility setting that includes sample preparation, microarray mapping and printing of protein samples, antibody labeling, slide scanning, image analysis, data normalization and quality control, data reporting, statistical analysis, and management of data. Our RPPA platform currently analyzes ∼240 validated antibodies that primarily detect proteins in signaling pathways and cellular processes that are important in cancer biology. This is a robust technology that has proven to be of value for both validation and discovery proteomic research and integration with other omics data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Lu
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kurt R Christensen
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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23
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Bu W, Li Y. Intraductal Injection of Lentivirus Vectors for Stably Introducing Genes into Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vivo. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:389-396. [PMID: 33165800 PMCID: PMC7965254 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used for up-the-teat intraductal injection to deliver markers, oncogenes, and other genes into mammary epithelial cells in mice. These methods along with the large number of genetically engineered mouse lines have greatly helped us learn normal breast development and tumorigenesis. Rats are also valuable models for studying human breast development and cancer. However, genetically engineered rats are still uncommon, and previous reports of intraductal injection of retroviral vectors into rats appear to be inefficient in generating mammary tumors. Here, we report, and describe the method for, stably introducing marker genes and oncogenes into mammary glands in rats using intraductal injection of commonly used lentiviral vectors. This method can infect mammary epithelial cells efficiently, and the infected cells can initiate tumorigenesis, including estrogen receptor-positive and hormone-dependent tumors, which are the most common subtype of human breast cancer but are yet still difficult to model in mice. This technique provides another tool for studying formation, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer, especially estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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24
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Xue L, Chen F, Yue F, Camacho L, Kothapalli S, Wei G, Huang S, Mo Q, Ma F, Li Y, Jiralerspong S. Metformin and an insulin/IGF-1 receptor inhibitor are synergistic in blocking growth of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:73-84. [PMID: 32940848 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival outcomes. Metformin has been shown to have antitumor effects by lowering serum levels of the mitogen insulin and having pleiotropic effects on cancer cell signaling pathways. BMS-754807 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of both insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR). Both drugs have been reported to have some efficacy in TNBC. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two drugs is more effective than single drug treatment in TNBC. METHODS We treated a panel of TNBC cell lines with metformin and BMS-754807 alone and in combination and tested cell viability using MTS assays. We used the CompuSyn software to analyze for additivity, synergism, or antagonism. We also examined the molecular mechanism by performing reverse phase protein assay (RPPA) to detect the candidate pathways altered by single drugs and the drug combination and used Western blotting to verify and expand the findings. RESULTS The combination of metformin and BMS-754807 showed synergy in 11 out of 13 TNBC cell lines tested (85%). RPPA analysis detected significant alterations by the drug combination of multiple proteins known to regulate cell cycle and tumor growth. In particular, the drug combination significantly increased levels of total and phosphorylated forms of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 and decreased the level of the p27Kip1 E3 ligase SCFSkp2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combination of metformin and BMS-754807 is more effective than either drug alone in inhibiting cell proliferation in the majority of TNBC cell lines, and that one important mechanism may be suppression of SCFSkp2 and subsequent stabilization of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1. This combination treatment may represent an effective targeted therapy for a significant subset of TNBC cases and should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xue
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laura Camacho
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sushma Kothapalli
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guanyun Wei
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sao Jiralerspong
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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25
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Febres-Aldana CA, Alvarez Moreno JC, Rivera M, Kaplan S, Paramo J, Poppiti R. Author Reply to: "A case of HRAS Q61-mutated metaplastic breast carcinoma associated with squamous metaplasia: Which came first, metaplasia or neoplasia?". Pathol Int 2020; 70:686-688. [PMID: 32559010 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Alvarez Moreno
- A.M. Rywlin, Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Rivera
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Stuart Kaplan
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Juan Paramo
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- A.M. Rywlin, Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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26
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Oliphant MUJ, Kong D, Zhou H, Lewis MT, Ford HL. Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Role of Developmental pathways and pluripotency factors in normal mammary stem cells and breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:85-102. [PMID: 32323111 PMCID: PMC7395869 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer initiation and progression are often observed as the result of dysregulation of normal developmental processes and pathways. Studies focused on normal mammary stem/progenitor cell activity have led to an understanding of how breast cancer cells acquire stemness-associated properties including tumor initiation, survival and multi-lineage differentiation into heterogeneous tumors that become difficult to target therapeutically. Importantly, more recent investigations have provided valuable insight into how key developmental regulators can impact multiple phases of metastasis, where they are repurposed to not only promote metastatic phenotypes such as migration, invasion and EMT at the primary site, but also to regulate the survival, initiation and maintenance of metastatic lesions at secondary organs. Herein, we discuss findings that have led to a better understanding of how embryonic and pluripotency factors contribute not only to normal mammary development, but also to metastatic progression. We further examine the therapeutic potential of targeting these developmental pathways, and discuss how a better understanding of compensatory mechanisms, crosstalk between pathways, and novel experimental models could provide critical insight into how we might exploit embryonic and pluripotency regulators to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U J Oliphant
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Building C1, Room 513B, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - M T Lewis
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology. Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza BCM600, Room N1210, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H L Ford
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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27
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Chiodi I, Mondello C. Life style factors, tumor cell plasticity and cancer stem cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 784:108308. [PMID: 32430096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous tissues and a layer of heterogeneity is determined by the presence of cells showing stemness traits, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Evidence indicates that CSCs are important players in tumor development, progression and relapse. Oncogenic transformation of normal stem cells can give rise to CSCs, but CSCs can also originate from de-differentiation of bulk tumor cells. Thus, factors promoting the increase of normal stem cell pools or stimulating the acquisition of stemness features by tumor cells can have serious consequences on cancer origin and progression. In this review, we will first give an overview of the CSC model of cancer development and we will then discuss the role of life style factors, such as high caloric diet, alcohol drinking and smoking, on the widening of stem cell pools and the induction of CSC features in tumors. Finally, we will discuss some healthy life style factors that can help to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiodi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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28
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Lee YJ, Ho SR, Graves JD, Xiao Y, Huang S, Lin WC. CGRRF1, a growth suppressor, regulates EGFR ubiquitination in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:134. [PMID: 31801577 PMCID: PMC6894136 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CGRRF1 is a growth suppressor and consists of a transmembrane domain and a RING-finger domain. It functions as a RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. The expression of CGRRF1 is decreased in cancer tissues; however, the role of CGRRF1 in breast cancer and the mechanism(s) of its growth suppressor function remain to be elucidated. Methods To investigate whether CGRRF1 inhibits the growth of breast cancer, we performed MTT assays and a xenograft experiment. Tumors harvested from mice were further analyzed by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis to identify potential substrate(s) of CGRRF1. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to verify the interaction between CGRRF1 and its substrate, followed by in vivo ubiquitination assays. Western blot, subcellular fractionation, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to understand the mechanism of CGRRF1 action in breast cancer. Publicly available breast cancer datasets were analyzed to examine the association between CGRRF1 and breast cancer. Results We show that CGRRF1 inhibits the growth of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, and the RING-finger domain is important for its growth-inhibitory activity. To elucidate the mechanism of CGRRF1, we identified EGFR as a new substrate of CGRRF1. CGRRF1 ubiquitinates EGFR through K48-linked ubiquitination, which leads to proteasome degradation. In addition to regulating the stability of EGFR, knockout of CGRRF1 enhances AKT phosphorylation after EGF stimulation. By analyzing the breast cancer database, we found that patients with low CGRRF1 expression have shorter survival. As compared to normal breast tissues, the mRNA levels of CGRRF1 are lower in breast carcinomas, especially in HER2-positive and basal-like breast cancers. We further noticed that CGRRF1 promoter methylation is increased in breast cancer as compared to that in normal breast tissue, suggesting that CGRRF1 is epigenetically modified in breast cancer. Treatment of 5-azactidine and panobinostat restored CGRRF1 expression, supporting that the promoter of CGRRF1 is epigenetically modified in breast cancer. Since 5-azactidine and panobinostat can increase CGRRF1 expression, they might be potential therapies for breast cancer treatment. Conclusion We demonstrated a tumor-suppressive function of CGRRF1 in breast cancer and identified EGFR as its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lee
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shiuh-Rong Ho
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Graves
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weei-Chin Lin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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29
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Liu X, Huang J, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Wang R, Lou J. Napabucasin Attenuates Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells to Tamoxifen by Reducing Stem Cell-Like Properties. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8905-8912. [PMID: 31760402 PMCID: PMC6886158 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen (TAM) is the first-line drug for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) treatment. However, its resistance is a main obstacle in clinical practice. Thus, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed to fight TAM resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, we constructed TAM-resistant ER+BC cells with TAM resistance, named MCF-7-R. Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), ALDH1 activity analysis, and spheroid-forming detection were used to detect the stemness of cells and the effects of napabucasin (NP) on BC cell stemness. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to evaluate the effects of NP on cell viability. RESULTS MCF-7-R cells exhibited higher stemness compared with the parental MCF-7 cells, which was evident by the increased spheroid formation ability at diluted concentration, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and expression of stemness critical biomarkers (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2). Additionally, it was found that napabucasin (NP) specifically killed MCF-7-T cells, characterized by remarkably decreased IC₅₀ value. Notably, NP reduced MCF-7-R cell stemness, which was evident as the decreased stemness marker expression, spheroid-forming capacity, and ALDH1 activity. Importantly, NP attenuated TAM resistance of MCF-7-R cells and enhanced sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to TAM. Mechanistic study showed that NP inhibited STAT3 activation, and overexpression of STAT3 rescued NP-mediated inhibition of the stemness-like characteristics of MCF-7-R cells. CONCLUSIONS NP might be used as an adjuvant therapy for ER+ BC patients with TAM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanru Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuefen Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Renyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Slepicka PF, Cyrill SL, Dos Santos CO. Pregnancy and Breast Cancer: Pathways to Understand Risk and Prevention. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:866-881. [PMID: 31383623 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have made strong efforts to understand how age and parity modulate the risk of breast cancer. A holistic understanding of the dynamic regulation of the morphological, cellular, and molecular milieu of the mammary gland offers insights into the drivers of breast cancer development as well as into potential prophylactic interventions, the latter being a longstanding ambition of the research and clinical community aspiring to eradicate the disease. In this review we discuss mechanisms that react to pregnancy signals, and we delineate the nuances of pregnancy-associated dynamism that contribute towards either breast cancer development or prevention. Further definition of the molecular basis of parity and breast cancer risk may allow the elaboration of tools to predict and survey those who are at risk of breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila F Slepicka
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Samantha L Cyrill
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Tharmapalan P, Mahendralingam M, Berman HK, Khokha R. Mammary stem cells and progenitors: targeting the roots of breast cancer for prevention. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100852. [PMID: 31267556 PMCID: PMC6627238 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prevention is daunting, yet not an unsurmountable goal. Mammary stem and progenitors have been proposed as the cells-of-origin in breast cancer. Here, we present the concept of limiting these breast cancer precursors as a risk reduction approach in high-risk women. A wealth of information now exists for phenotypic and functional characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells in mouse and human. Recent work has also revealed the hormonal regulation of stem/progenitor dynamics as well as intrinsic lineage distinctions between mammary epithelial populations. Leveraging these insights, molecular marker-guided chemoprevention is an achievable reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathepan Mahendralingam
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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Kwon S, Kim SS, Nebeck HE, Ahn EH. Immortalization of Different Breast Epithelial Cell Types Results in Distinct Mitochondrial Mutagenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2813. [PMID: 31181796 PMCID: PMC6600575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different phenotypes of normal cells might influence genetic profiles, epigenetic profiles, and tumorigenicities of their transformed derivatives. In this study, we investigate whether the whole mitochondrial genome of immortalized cells can be attributed to the different phenotypes (stem vs. non-stem) of their normal epithelial cell originators. To accurately determine mutations, we employed Duplex Sequencing, which exhibits the lowest error rates among currently-available DNA sequencing methods. Our results indicate that the vast majority of the observed mutations of the whole mitochondrial DNA occur at low-frequency (rare mutations). The most prevalent rare mutation types are C→T/G→A and A→G/T→C transitions. Frequencies and spectra of homoplasmic point mutations are virtually identical between stem cell-derived immortalized (SV1) cells and non-stem cell-derived immortalized (SV22) cells, verifying that both cell types were derived from the same woman. However, frequencies of rare point mutations are significantly lower in SV1 cells (5.79 × 10-5) than in SV22 cells (1.16 × 10-4). The significantly lower frequencies of rare mutations are aligned with a finding of longer average distances to adjacent mutations in SV1 cells than in SV22 cells. Additionally, the predicted pathogenicity for rare mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA genes tends to be lower (by 2.5-fold) in SV1 cells than in SV22 cells. While four known/confirmed pathogenic mt-tRNA mutations (m.5650 G>A, m.5521 G>A, m.5690 A>G, m.1630 A>G) were identified in SV22 cells, no such mutations were observed in SV1 cells. Our findings suggest that the immortalization of normal cells with stem cell features leads to decreased mitochondrial mutagenesis, particularly in RNA gene regions. The mutation spectra and mutations specific to stem cell-derived immortalized cells (vs. non-stem cell derived) have implications in characterizing the heterogeneity of tumors and understanding the role of mitochondrial mutations in the immortalization and transformation of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kwon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Susan S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Howard E Nebeck
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Xie H, Tian S, Cui L, Yan J, Bai Y, Li X, Wang M, Zhang F, Duan F. Adjuvant trans-arterial chemoembolization after hepatectomy significantly improves the prognosis of low-risk patients with R0-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4065-4073. [PMID: 31118814 PMCID: PMC6504701 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s195485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the local therapies most commonly used to treat intermediate-stage or advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical benefits of PA-TACE (postoperative adjuvant TACE) for improving prognosis (progress-free survival [PFS] or overall survival [OS]) of low-risk HCC patients with R0-stage HCC after hepatectomy were not very clear. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2012, 180 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC treatment were enrolled in this study, and the follow-up of these patients was ended in December 2017. Among these patients, 102 patients were performed PA-TACE 1 month later after R0 hepatectomy and 78 patients without adjuvant TACE after R0 hepatectomy. Survival analysis was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier statistical method. Differences between survival curves of different groups were tested using the univariate log-rank test. Multivariate Cox model was used to search for independent prognostic factors for progression or death and to acquire the adjusted HR. Results: PA-TACE significantly improved the survival of HCC patients received surgical resection. The PFS (progress-free survival) of PA-TACE group (median PFS 52.0 months; 95% CI: 14.0–90.0) was significantly longer than the control group (median PFS 11.1 months; 95% CI: [7.9–14.3]; log-rank P<0.001); and the OS (in PA-TACE group (median OS 90.7 months; 95% CI: 84.4–97.0 months) was also much longer than that of control group (median OS 54.4 months; 95% CI: 38.2–70.6 months; log-rank p<0.001). Moreover, the benefits of PA-TACE are greater for low-risk patients than high-risk patients. Conclusion: In patients with HCC, PA-TACE can significantly prolong progression-free survival and long-term OS. For low-risk patients, the benefits might be greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Tian
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqiang Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Outpatient, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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