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Wu X, Shi M, Chen Y, Lian Y, Fang S, Zhang H. Effect and Mechanism of LIN28 on Ferroptosis in Mg 2+-free Rat Hippocampal Neuron Model of Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1655-1664. [PMID: 38217758 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that LIN28 is expressed in the CNS and may exert protective effects on neurons. However, it remains unknown whether LIN28 regulates ferroptosis in the context of epilepsy. In this study, we established an epilepsy model by culturing hippocampal neurons from rats in a magnesium-free (Mg2+-free) medium. In Mg2+-depleted conditions, hippocampal neurons exhibited reduced LIN28 expression, heightened miR-142-5p expression, decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and expression, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), resulting in a significant decline in cell viability and an increase in ferroptosis. Conversely, overexpression of LIN28 reversed these trends in the mentioned indices. Altogether, this study reveals that LIN28 may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the miR-142-5p expression and suppressing ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons induced by Mg2+-free via increasing GPX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shaokuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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2
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Chen H, Deng J, Hou TW, Shan YQ. Villosol reverses 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting the CDKN2A gene regulated TP53-PI3K/Akt signaling axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117907. [PMID: 38342156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patrinia villosa (Juss.) (PV) is the drug of choice in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has achieved reliable efficacy in clinic. Villosol is the active ingredient in PV. However, the molecular mechanism by which Villosol reverses chemoresistance in CRC remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Analysis of the molecular mechanism by which Villosol, the active ingredient of PV, reverses CRC/5-FU resistance through modulation of the CDKN2A gene was validated by network pharmacology techniques and experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified CDKN2A as a gene associated with 5-FU resistance through gene chip analysis. Next, we conducted a series of functional analyses in cell lines, animal samples, and xenograft models to investigate the role, clinical significance, and abnormal regulatory mechanisms of CDKN2A in 5-FU resistance in CRC. In addition, we screened and obtained a raw ingredient called Villosol, which targets CDKN2A, and investigated its pharmacological effects. RESULTS Analysis of CRC cells and animal samples showed that the upregulation of CDKN2A expression was strongly associated with 5-FU resistance. CRC cells overexpressing CDKN2A showed reduced sensitivity to 5-FU and enhanced tumor biology in vitro. Inhibition of aberrant activation of CDKN2A enhances the expression of TP53. Mechanistically, overexpression of CDKN2A activates the PI3K/Akt pathway and induces resistance to 5-FU. Villosol inhibited CDKN2A, and CRC/5-FU cells regained sensitivity to 5-FU. Villosol effectively reverses 5-FU resistance through the CDKN2A-TP53-PI3K/Akt axis. CONCLUSION Changes in CDKN2A gene expression can be used to predict the response of CRC patients to 5-FU therapy. Additionally, inhibiting CDKN2A activation with Villosol may present a new approach to overcoming 5-FU resistance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Tie-Wei Hou
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yong-Qi Shan
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
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3
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Yu X, Bu C, Yang X, Jiang W, He X, Sun R, Guo H, Shang L, Ou C. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer metastasis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117849. [PMID: 38417779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of gastrointestinal cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, and is often accompanied by distant metastases. Metastasis is a major cause of shortened survival time and poor treatment outcomes for patients with CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of CRC remain unclear. Exosomes are a class of small extracellular vesicles that originate from almost all human cells and can transmit biological information (e.g., nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and metabolites) from secretory cells to target recipient cells. Recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be released by exosomes into the tumour microenvironment or specific tissues, and play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by regulating a series of key molecules or signalling pathways, particularly those involved in tumour metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs have potential as novel therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis, and can also be used as liquid biopsy biomarkers because of their specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, further investigations into the biological function and clinical value of exosomal ncRNAs will be of great value for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chiwen Bu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Guanyun County, Lianyungang 222200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ru Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Xichang 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Han M, Sun H, Zhou Q, Liu J, Hu J, Yuan W, Sun Z. Effects of RNA methylation on Tumor angiogenesis and cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:198. [PMID: 38053093 PMCID: PMC10698974 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis plays vital roles in the growth and metastasis of cancer. RNA methylation is one of the most common modifications and is widely observed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Accumulating studies have revealed that RNA methylation affects the occurrence and development of various tumors. In recent years, RNA methylation has been shown to play an important role in regulating tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we mainly elucidate the mechanisms and functions of RNA methylation on angiogenesis and progression in several cancers. We then shed light on the role of RNA methylation-associated factors and pathways in tumor angiogenesis. Finally, we describe the role of RNA methylation as potential biomarker and novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junhong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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5
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Cheng X, Zhao F, Ke B, Chen D, Liu F. Harnessing Ferroptosis to Overcome Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Promising Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5209. [PMID: 37958383 PMCID: PMC10649072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent years, the emerging field of ferroptosis, a unique form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has offered new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for overcoming drug resistance in CRC. This review examines the role of ferroptosis in CRC and its impact on drug resistance. It highlights the distinctive features and advantages of ferroptosis compared to other cell death pathways, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, the review discusses current research advances in the field, including novel treatment approaches that target ferroptosis. These approaches involve the use of ferroptosis inducers, interventions in iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis. The review also explores the potential of immunotherapy in modulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy. Additionally, it evaluates the strengths and limitations of targeting ferroptosis, such as its selectivity, low side effects, and potential to overcome resistance, as well as challenges related to treatment specificity and drug development. Looking to the future, this review discusses the prospects of ferroptosis-based therapies in CRC, emphasizing the importance of further research to elucidate the interaction between ferroptosis and drug resistance. It proposes future directions for more effective treatment strategies, including the development of new therapeutic approaches, combination therapies, and integration with emerging fields such as precision medicine. In conclusion, harnessing ferroptosis represents a promising avenue for overcoming drug resistance in CRC. Continued research efforts in this field are crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and providing hope for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China;
| | - Bingxin Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Fanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
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Guo S, Chen M, Li S, Geng Z, Jin Y, Liu D. Natural Products Treat Colorectal Cancer by Regulating miRNA. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1122. [PMID: 37631037 PMCID: PMC10459054 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases are evolving as living standards continue to improve. Cancer is the main cause of death and a major public health problem that seriously threatens human life. Colorectal cancer is one of the top ten most common malignant tumors in China, ranking second after gastric cancer among gastrointestinal malignant tumors, and its incidence rate is increasing dramatically each year due to changes in the dietary habits and lifestyle of the world's population. Although conventional therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have profoundly impacted the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), drug resistance and toxicity remain substantial challenges. Natural products, such as dietary therapeutic agents, are considered the safest alternative for treating CRC. In addition, there is substantial evidence that natural products can induce apoptosis, inhibit cell cycle arrest, and reduce the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by targeting and regulating the expression and function of miRNAs. Here, we summarize the recent research findings on the miRNA-regulation-based antitumor mechanisms of various active ingredients in natural products, highlighting how natural products target miRNA regulation in colon cancer prevention and treatment. The application of natural drug delivery systems and predictive disease biomarkers in cancer prevention and treatment is also discussed. Such approaches will contribute to the discovery of new regulatory mechanisms associated with disease pathways and provide a new theoretical basis for developing novel colon cancer drugs and compounds and identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (S.G.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (Z.G.)
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (S.G.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (Z.G.)
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7
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Wang Z, Tan W, Li B, Zou J, Li Y, Xiao Y, He Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in angiogenesis: Functions, mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18626. [PMID: 37560684 PMCID: PMC10407155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be produced by most cells. Exosomes act as important intermediaries in intercellular communication, and participate in a variety of biological activities between cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) usually refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins. Although ncRNAs have no protein-coding capacity, they are able to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, which is an important physiological process. However, abnormal angiogenesis could induce many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy and cancer. Many studies have shown that ncRNAs can stably exist in exosomes and play a wide range of physiological and pathological roles including regulation of angiogenesis. In brief, some specific ncRNAs can be enriched in exosomes secreted by cells and absorbed by recipient cells through the exosome pathway, thus activating relevant signaling pathways in target cells and playing a role in regulating angiogenesis. In this review, we describe the physiological and pathological functions of exosomal ncRNAs in angiogenesis, summarize their role in angiogenesis-related diseases, and illustrate potential clinical applications like novel drug therapy strategies and diagnostic markers in exosome research as inspiration for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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8
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Xu X, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu K, Cui Z, Tong X, Chen J, Hou F, Luo Z. The application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:364-374. [PMID: 36207510 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell-derived vesicles are released by tumor cells, have a phospholipid bilayer, and are widely distributed in various biological fluids. In recent years, it has been found that tumor cell-derived vesicles contain proteins, metabolites and nucleic acids and can be delivered to recipient cells to perform their physiological functions, such as mediating specific intercellular communication, activating or inhibiting signaling pathways, participating in regulating the modulation of tumor microenvironment and influencing tumor development, which can be used for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. In addition, tumor cell-derived vesicles exhibit multiple properties in tumor therapeutic applications and may serve as a new class of delivery systems. In this review, we elaborate on the application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yin Xiang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Tong
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hou
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
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9
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Cariello M, Squilla A, Piacente M, Venutolo G, Fasano A. Drug Resistance: The Role of Exosomal miRNA in the Microenvironment of Hematopoietic Tumors. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010116. [PMID: 36615316 PMCID: PMC9821808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have an important role thanks to their ability to communicate and exchange information between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and have also been associated with communicating anti-cancer drug resistance (DR). The increase in proliferation of cancer cells alters oxygen levels, which causes hypoxia and results in a release of exosomes by the cancer cells. In this review, the results of studies examining the role of exosomal miRNA in DR, and their mechanism, are discussed in detail in hematological tumors: leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. In conclusion, we underline the exosome's function as a possible drug delivery vehicle by understanding its cargo. Engineered exosomes can be used to be more specific for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Cariello
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Squilla
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martina Piacente
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgia Venutolo
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-724-4604
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10
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Giordano A, Rucci N, Falone S. Editorial: Extracellular vesicles as modulators of cancer cell adaptive responses linked to therapy resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1101103. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Köhler B, Dubovik S, Hörterer E, Wilk U, Stöckl JB, Tekarslan-Sahin H, Ljepoja B, Paulitschke P, Fröhlich T, Wagner E, Roidl A. Combating Drug Resistance by Exploiting miRNA-200c-Controlled Phase II Detoxification. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225554. [PMID: 36428646 PMCID: PMC9688189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance constitutes a serious obstacle to the successful therapy of cancer. In the process of therapy resistance, microRNAs can play important roles. In order to combat resistance formation and to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutics, the mechanisms of the multifaceted hsa-miR-200c on drug resistance were elucidated. Upon knockout of hsa-miR-200c in breast carcinoma cells, a proteomic approach identified altered expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) when cells were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In different hsa-miR-200c expression systems, such as knockout, inducible sponge and inducible overexpression, the differential expression of all members of the GST family was evaluated. Expression of hsa-miR-200c in cancer cells led to the repression of a multitude of these GSTs and as consequence, enhanced drug-induced tumor cell death which was evaluated for two chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, the influence of hsa-miR-200c on the glutathione pathway, which is part of the phase II detoxification mechanism, was investigated. Finally, the long-term effects of hsa-miR-200c on drug efficacy were studied in vitro and in vivo. Upon doxycycline induction of hsa-miR-200c, MDA-MB 231 xenograft mouse models revealed a strongly reduced tumor growth and an enhanced treatment response to doxorubicin. A combined treatment of these tumors with hsa-miR-200c and doxorubicin resulted in complete regression of the tumor in 60% of the animals. These results identify hsa-miR-200c as an important player regulating the cellular phase II detoxification, thus sensitizing cancer cells not expressing this microRNA to chemotherapeutics and reversing drug resistance through suppression of GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Köhler
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Dubovik
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Hörterer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wilk
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Bernd Stöckl
- Laboratory of Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hande Tekarslan-Sahin
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bojan Ljepoja
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory of Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Roidl
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-77456
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12
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Hu S, Liu Y, Guan S, Qiu Z, Liu D. Natural products exert anti-tumor effects by regulating exosomal ncRNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006114. [PMID: 36203417 PMCID: PMC9530706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 60% of the approved anti-cancer drugs come from or are related to natural products. Natural products and exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert anti-cancer effects through various regulatory mechanisms, which are of great research significance. Exosomes are a form of intercellular communication and contain ncRNAs that can act as intercellular signaling molecules involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. This review exemplifies some examples of natural products whose active ingredients can play a role in cancer prevention and treatment by regulating exosomal ncRNAs, with the aim of illustrating the mechanism of action of exosomal ncRNAs in cancer prevention and treatment. Meanwhile, the application of exosomes as natural drug delivery systems and predictive disease biomarkers in cancer prevention and treatment is introduced, providing research ideas for the development of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Da Liu,
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13
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Jiao Z, He Z, Liu N, Lai Y, Zhong T. Multiple roles of neuronal extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:979856. [PMID: 36204449 PMCID: PMC9530318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.979856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy is a growing public health problem in the aging, adolescent, and sport-playing populations, and the number of individuals at risk of neuropathy is growing; its risks include aging, violence, and conflicts between players. The signal pathways underlying neuronal aging and damage remain incompletely understood and evidence-based treatment for patients with neuropathy is insufficiently delivered; these are two of the reasons that explain why neuropathy is still not completely curable and why the progression of the disease cannot be inhibited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttling is an important pathway in disease progression. Previous studies have focused on the EVs of cells that support and protect neurons, such as astrocytes and microglia. This review aims to address the role of neuronal EVs by delineating updated mechanisms of neuronal damage and summarizing recent findings on the function of neuronal EVs. Challenges and obstacles in isolating and analyzing neuronal EVs are discussed, with an emphasis on neuron as research object and modification of EVs on translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Jiao
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Branch of National Geriatric Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Zhigang Jiao,
| | - Zhengyi He
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Nanhai Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong,
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14
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Find new channel for overcoming chemoresistance in cancers: Role of stem cells-derived exosomal microRNAs. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:530-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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PDSM-LGCN: Prediction of drug sensitivity associated microRNAs via Light Graph Convolution Neural Network. Methods 2022; 205:106-113. [PMID: 35753591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the critical diseases threatening human life and health. The sensitivity difference of cancer drugs has always been a critical cause of the treatment come to nothing. Once drug resistance occurs, it will make the anticancer treatment or even various drugs ineffective. With the deepening of cancer research, a growing number of evidence shows that microRNA has a particular regulatory effect on the sensitivity of cancer drugs, which provides new research ideas. However, using traditional biological experiments to verify and discover the relations of microRNA-drug sensitivity is cumbersome and time-consuming, significantly slowing down cancer drug sensitivity's research progress. Therefore, this paper proposes a computational method (PDSM-LGCN) that spreads information through the high-order connection between cancer drug sensitivity and microRNA. At the same time, the model constructs an optimized-GCN as an embedding propagation layer to obtain the practical embeddings of microRNA and medicines. Finally, based on a collaborative filtering algorithm, the model brings the prediction score between microRNA and drug sensitivity. The results of five-fold cross-validation show that the AUC of PDSM-LGCN is 0.8872, and the AUPR is as high as 0.9026. At the same time, we also reproduced the five latest models of similar problems and compared the results. Our model has the best comprehensive effect among them. In addition, the reliability of PDSM-LGCN was further confirmed through the case study of Cisplatin and Doxorubicin, which can be used as a powerful tool for clinical and biological research. The source code and datasets can be obtained from https://github.com/19990915fzy/PDSM-LGCN/.
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16
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Li H, Hui S, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Peng W. Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908076. [PMID: 35720333 PMCID: PMC9201920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in understanding the progression and pathogenesis of AD, it remains a worldwide problem and a significant public health burden. Thus, more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The latest research studies have revealed that neuroinflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), have been strongly associated with AD-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several ongoing pre-clinical studies are currently investigating ncRNA as disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to provide new perspectives for AD diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the role of different types of ncRNAs in neuroinflammation during AD are summarized in order to improve our understanding of AD etiology and aid in the translation of basic research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
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17
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Hu M, Li J, Liu CG, Goh RMWJ, Yu F, Ma Z, Wang L. Noncoding RNAs of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Angiogenesis: From Biological Functions to Clinical Significance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060947. [PMID: 35326397 PMCID: PMC8946542 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication and are involved in diverse tumor phenotypes, including tumor angiogenesis, which is a highly regulated multi-step process for the formation of new blood vessels that contribute to tumor proliferation. EVs induce malignant transformation of distinct cells by transferring DNAs, proteins, lipids, and RNAs, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, the functional relevance of EV-derived ncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarized current research progress on the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of EV-derived ncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis in various cancers. In addition, we comprehensively discussed the potential applications of EV-derived ncRNAs as cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to tailor anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | | | - Fenggang Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Yinfeng Biological Group, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.H.); (C.-G.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-15972188216 (Z.M.); +65-65168925 (L.W.)
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-15972188216 (Z.M.); +65-65168925 (L.W.)
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18
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Buenafe AC, Dorrell C, Reddy AP, Klimek J, Marks DL. Proteomic analysis distinguishes extracellular vesicles produced by cancerous versus healthy pancreatic organoids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3556. [PMID: 35241737 PMCID: PMC8894448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by both healthy and malignant cells and bear markers indicative of ongoing biological processes. In the present study we utilized high resolution flow cytometry to detect EVs in the plasma of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in the supernatants of PDAC and healthy control (HC) pancreatic organoid cultures. Using ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography, PDAC and HC pancreatic organoid EVs were isolated for mass spectrometry analysis. Proteomic and functional protein network analysis showed a striking distinction in that EV proteins profiled in pancreatic cancer organoids were involved in vesicular transport and tumorigenesis while EV proteins in healthy organoids were involved in cellular homeostasis. Thus, the most abundant proteins identified in either case represented non-overlapping cellular programs. Tumor-promoting candidates LAMA5, SDCBP and TENA were consistently upregulated in PDAC EVs. Validation of specific markers for PDAC EVs versus healthy pancreatic EVs will provide the biomarkers and enhanced sensitivity necessary to monitor early disease or disease progression, with or without treatment. Moreover, disease-associated changes in EV protein profiles provide an opportunity to investigate alterations in cellular programming with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Buenafe
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Klimek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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19
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Impact of Non-Coding RNAs on Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Oral Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020284. [PMID: 35204785 PMCID: PMC8961659 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in oral cancer is one of the major problems in oral cancer therapy because therapeutic failure directly results in tumor recurrence and eventually in metastasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in processes related to the development of drug resistance. A number of studies have shown that ncRNAs modulate gene expression at the transcriptional or translational level and regulate biological processes, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, DNA repair and drug efflux, which are tightly associated with drug resistance acquisition in many types of cancer. Interestingly, these ncRNAs are commonly detected in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are known to be delivered into surrounding cells. This intercellular communication via EVs is currently considered to be important for acquired drug resistance. Here, we review the recent advances in the study of drug resistance in oral cancer by mainly focusing on the function of ncRNAs, since an increasing number of studies have suggested that ncRNAs could be therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
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20
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Li J, Guo S, Sun Z, Fu Y. Noncoding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808591. [PMID: 35174150 PMCID: PMC8841737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tracts and a model for the targeted therapy of solid tumors because of the oncogenic driver mutations in KIT and PDGDRA genes, which could be effectively inhibited by the very first targeted agent, imatinib mesylate. Most of the GIST patients could benefit a lot from the targeted treatment of this receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, more than 50% of the patients developed resistance within 2 years after imatinib administration, limiting the long-term effect of imatinib. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the non-protein coding transcripts of human, were demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the resistance of various chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of how ncRNAs functioning on the drug resistance in GIST. During the drug resistance of GIST, there were five regulating mechanisms where the functions of ncRNAs concentrated: oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, apoptosis, drug target changes, and some signaling pathways. Also, these effects of ncRNAs in drug resistance were divided into two aspects. How ncRNAs regulate drug resistance in GIST was further summarized according to ncRNA types, different drugs and categories of resistance. Moreover, clinical applications of these ncRNAs in GIST chemotherapies concentrated on the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuning Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
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21
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Zhou H, He X, He Y, Ou C, Cao P. Exosomal circRNAs: Emerging Players in Tumor Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:786224. [PMID: 34957113 PMCID: PMC8692866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is an important feature of malignant tumors, and is the primary cause of poor prognosis and treatment failure, in addition to representing a potentially fatal challenge for cancer patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 30–150 nm in diameter that transmit cargo, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as a means of intercellular communication. Exosomes play crucial roles in a range of human diseases, especially malignant tumors. A growing number of studies have verified that circRNAs can be enveloped in exosomes and transferred from secretory cells to recipient cells, thereby regulating tumor progression, especially tumor metastasis. Exosomal circRNAs regulate tumor cell metastasis not only by regulating the signaling pathways, but also by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomal circRNAs have the potential to serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which exosomal circRNAs modulate metastatic phenomena in various types of tumors, and put forward the prospects of clinical applications of exosomal circRNAs in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Cao, ; Chunlin Ou,
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Cao, ; Chunlin Ou,
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22
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The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212204. [PMID: 34830085 PMCID: PMC8622108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.
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23
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Ye JC, Horne S, Zhang JZ, Jackson L, Heng HH. Therapy Induced Genome Chaos: A Novel Mechanism of Rapid Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676344. [PMID: 34195196 PMCID: PMC8237085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Christine Ye
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Steve Horne
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jack Z Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Lauren Jackson
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Henry H Heng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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