1
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Kaur K, Sanghu J, Memarzadeh S, Jewett A. Exploring the Potential of Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Targeting High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:677. [PMID: 38932405 PMCID: PMC11209217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) likely consist of poorly differentiated stem-like cells (PDSLCs) and differentiated tumor cells. Conventional therapeutics are incapable of completely eradicating PDSLCs, contributing to disease progression and tumor relapse. Primary NK cells are known to effectively lyse PDSLCs, but they exhibit low or minimal cytotoxic potential against well-differentiated tumors. We have introduced and discussed the characteristics of super-charged NK (sNK) cells in this review. sNK cells, in comparison to primary NK cells, exhibit a significantly higher capability for the direct killing of both PDSLCs and well-differentiated tumors. In addition, sNK cells secrete significantly higher levels of cytokines, especially those known to induce the differentiation of tumors. In addition, we propose that a combination of sNK and chemotherapy could be one of the most effective strategies to eliminate the heterogeneous population of ovarian tumors; sNK cells can lyse both PDSLCs and well-differentiated tumors, induce the differentiation of PDSLCs, and could be used in combination with chemotherapy to target both well-differentiated and NK-induced differentiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jashan Sanghu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (S.M.)
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (S.M.)
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Li X, Li W, Xu L, Song Y. Chimeric antigen receptor-immune cells against solid tumors: Structures, mechanisms, recent advances, and future developments. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1285-1302. [PMID: 37640679 PMCID: PMC11191032 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapies has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their success in treating solid tumors has been limited. CAR-natural killer (NK) cells have several advantages over CAR-T cells because NK cells can be made from pre-existing cell lines or allogeneic NK cells with a mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which means they are more likely to become an "off-the-shelf" product. Moreover, they can kill cancer cells via CAR-dependent/independent pathways and have limited toxicity. Macrophages are the most malleable immune cells in the body. These cells can efficiently infiltrate into tumors and are present in large numbers in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Importantly, CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms) have recently yielded exciting preclinical results in several solid tumors. Nevertheless, CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M all have their own advantages and limitations. In this review, we systematically discuss the current status, progress, and the major hurdles of CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-M as they relate to five aspects: CAR structure, therapeutic mechanisms, the latest research progress, current challenges and solutions, and comparison according to the existing research in order to provide a reasonable option for treating solid tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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3
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Chen J, Yang L, Ma Y, Zhang Y. Recent advances in understanding the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412328. [PMID: 38903506 PMCID: PMC11188340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of ovarian cancer (OC) is a major factor in women's mortality rates. Despite progress in medical treatments, like new drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency, survival rates for OC patients are still not ideal. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cancer cells, fibroblasts linked to cancer (CAFs), immune-inflammatory cells, and the substances these cells secrete, along with non-cellular components in the extracellular matrix (ECM). First, the TME mainly plays a role in inhibiting tumor growth and protecting normal cell survival. As tumors progress, the TME gradually becomes a place to promote tumor cell progression. Immune cells in the TME have attracted much attention as targets for immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has the potential to regulate the TME, suppressing factors that facilitate tumor advancement, reactivating immune cells, managing tumor growth, and extending the survival of patients with advanced cancer. This review presents an outline of current studies on the distinct cellular elements within the OC TME, detailing their main functions and possible signaling pathways. Additionally, we examine immunotherapy rechallenge in OC, with a specific emphasis on the biological reasons behind resistance to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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4
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Li S, Xia Y, Hou R, Wang X, Zhao X, Guan Z, Ma W, Xu Y, Zhang W, Liu D, Zheng J, Shi M. Armed with IL-2 based fusion protein improves CAR-T cell fitness and efficacy against solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167159. [PMID: 38583815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is regarded as a potent immunotherapy and has made significant success in hematologic malignancies by eliciting antigen-specific immune responses. However, response rates of CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors with immunosuppressive microenvironments remain limited. Co-engineering strategies are advancing methods to overcome immunosuppressive barriers and enhance antitumor responses. Here, we engineered an IL-2 mutein co-engineered CAR-T for the improvement of CAR-T cells against solid tumors and the efficient inhibition of solid tumors. We equipped the CAR-T cells with co-expressing both tumor antigen-targeted CAR and a mutated human interleukin-2 (IL-2m), conferring enhanced CAR-T cells fitness in vitro, reshaped immune-excluded TME, enhanced CAR-T infiltration in solid tumors, and improved tumor control without significant systemic toxicity. Overall, this subject demonstrates the universal CAR-T cells armed strategy for the development and optimization of CAR-T cells against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yifei Xia
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Rui Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhangchun Guan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yutong Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Ming Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
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5
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Chen B, Liu J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112112. [PMID: 38640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer among women and is considered the most lethal gynecological malignancy on a global scale. The absence of reliable screening techniques, coupled with the insidious onset of nonspecific symptoms, often results in a delayed diagnosis, typically at an advanced stage characterized by peritoneal involvement. Management of advanced tumors typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. However, the therapeutic arsenal for ovarian cancer patients remains limited, highlighting the unmet need for precise, targeted, and sustained-release pharmacological agents. Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) represent a promising novel therapeutic modality that selectively targets specific antigens, demonstrating robust and enduring antitumor responses in numerous patients. CAR T cell therapy has exhibited notable efficacy in hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for its potential in treating various solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Currently, numerous researchers are engaged in the development of novel CAR-T cells designed to target ovarian cancer, with subsequent evaluation of these candidate cells in preclinical studies. Given the ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells to elicit potent and long-lasting anti-tumor effects, this therapeutic approach holds significant promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review article examines the utilization of CAR-T cells in the context of ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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6
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Khan B, Qahwaji RM, Alfaifi MS, Mobashir M. Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Acting as Tormentors of Advanced Tumors by Unleashing Immune Cells and Associated Collateral Damage. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:732. [PMID: 38931856 PMCID: PMC11207028 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4), holds substantial promise in revolutionizing cancer treatment. This review explores the transformative impact of these combinations, emphasizing their potential for enhancing therapeutic outcomes across various cancers. Immune checkpoint proteins, such as PD1 and CTLA4, play a pivotal role in modulating immune responses. Blocking these checkpoints unleashes anticancer activity, and the synergy observed when combining multiple checkpoint inhibitors underscores their potential for enhanced efficacy. Nivolumab and ipilimumab harness the host's immune system to target cancer cells, presenting a powerful approach to prevent tumor development. Despite their efficacy, immune checkpoint inhibitors are accompanied by a distinct set of adverse effects, particularly immune-related adverse effects affecting various organs. Understanding these challenges is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and ensuring patient well-being. Ongoing clinical trials are actively exploring the combination of checkpoint inhibitory therapies, aiming to decipher their synergistic effects and efficacy against diverse cancer types. This review discusses the mechanisms, adverse effects, and various clinical trials involving nivolumab and ipilimumab across different cancers, emphasizing their transformative impact on cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Rowaid M. Qahwaji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia;
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael S. Alfaifi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Mobashir
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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7
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Zhang T, Tai Z, Miao F, Zhang X, Li J, Zhu Q, Wei H, Chen Z. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors beyond CAR-T: Current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. J Control Release 2024; 368:372-396. [PMID: 38408567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a highly specific anti-tumor immunotherapy that has shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there has been a slow progress toward the treatment of solid tumors owing to the complex tumor microenvironment that affects the localization and killing ability of the CAR cells. Solid tumors with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment and complex vascular system are unaffected by CAR cell infiltration and attack. To improve their efficacy toward solid tumors, CAR cells have been modified and upgraded by "decorating" and "pruning". This review focuses on the structure and function of CARs, the immune cells that can be engineered by CARs and the transformation strategies to overcome solid tumors, with a view to broadening ideas for the better application of CAR cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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8
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Lv Y, Luo X, Xie Z, Qiu J, Yang J, Deng Y, Long R, Tang G, Zhang C, Zuo J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy combined with ICIs. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1368732. [PMID: 38571495 PMCID: PMC10989075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1368732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are a group of molecules expressed on the surface of immune cells that primarily regulate their immune homeostasis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an immunotherapeutic technology that realizes tumor-targeted killing by constructing synthetic T cells expressing specific antigens through biotechnology. Currently, CAR-T cell therapy has achieved good efficacy in non-solid tumors, but its treatment of solid tumors has not yielded the desired results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with CAR-T cell therapy is a novel combination therapy with high expectations to defeat solid tumors. This review addresses the challenges and expectations of this combination therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Lv
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jieya Qiu
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinsai Yang
- Computer Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqi Deng
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rou Long
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyang Tang
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohui Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Computer Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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9
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Gonzalez-Martin R, de Castro P, Fernandez C, Quintana F, Quiñonero A, Ferrando M, Dominguez F. Proteomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers of Hydrosalpinx in Endometrial Fluid: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:968. [PMID: 38256043 PMCID: PMC10816103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrosalpinx is a fluid occlusion and distension of the fallopian tubes, often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease, which reduces the success of artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs) by 50%. Tubal factors account for approximately 25% of infertility cases, but their underlying molecular mechanisms and functional impact on other reproductive tissues remain poorly understood. This proteomic profiling study applied sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to study hydrosalpinx cyst fluid and pre- and post-salpingectomy endometrial fluid. Among the 967 proteins identified, we found 19 and 17 candidate biomarkers for hydrosalpinx in pre- and post-salpingectomy endometrial fluid, respectively. Salpingectomy significantly affected 76 endometrial proteins, providing insights into the enhanced immune response and inflammation present prior to intervention, and enhanced coagulation cascades and wound healing processes occurring one month after intervention. These findings confirmed that salpingectomy reverses the hydrosalpinx-related functional impairments in the endometrium and set a foundation for further biomarker validation and the development of less-invasive diagnostic strategies for hydrosalpinx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gonzalez-Martin
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (P.d.C.); (A.Q.)
| | - Pedro de Castro
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (P.d.C.); (A.Q.)
| | - Carmen Fernandez
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI-RMA Bilbao, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain; (C.F.); (F.Q.); (M.F.)
| | - Fernando Quintana
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI-RMA Bilbao, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain; (C.F.); (F.Q.); (M.F.)
| | - Alicia Quiñonero
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (P.d.C.); (A.Q.)
| | - Marcos Ferrando
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI-RMA Bilbao, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain; (C.F.); (F.Q.); (M.F.)
| | - Francisco Dominguez
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (P.d.C.); (A.Q.)
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10
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Blanc-Durand F, Clemence Wei Xian L, Tan DSP. Targeting the immune microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1328651. [PMID: 38164130 PMCID: PMC10757966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy by reactivating the antitumor immune response suppressed by tumor cells. However, in the case of OC, these inhibitors have failed to demonstrate significant improvements in patient outcomes, and existing biomarkers have not yet identified promising subgroups. Consequently, there remains a pressing need to understand the interplay between OC tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment to develop effective immunotherapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the OC TME and explore its potential as a therapeutic strategy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are major actors in OC TME. Evidence has been accumulating regarding the spontaneous TILS response against OC antigens. Activated T-helpers secrete a wide range of inflammatory cytokines with a supportive action on cytotoxic T-cells. Simultaneously, mature B-cells are recruited and play a significant antitumor role through opsonization of target antigens and T-cell recruitment. Macrophages also form an important subset of innate immunity (M1-macrophages) while participating in the immune-stimulation context. Finally, OC has shown to engage a significant natural-killer-cells immune response, exerting direct cytotoxicity without prior sensitization. Despite this initial cytotoxicity, OC cells develop various strategies to induce an immune-tolerant state. To this end, multiple immunosuppressive molecules are secreted to impair cytotoxic cells, recruit regulatory cells, alter antigen presentation, and effectively evade immune response. Consequently, OC TME is predominantly infiltrated by immunosuppressive cells such as FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells, M2-polarized macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Despite this strong immunosuppressive state, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have failed to improve outcomes. Beyond PD-1/PD-L1, OC expresses multiple other immune checkpoints that contribute to immune evasion, and each representing potential immune targets. Novel immunotherapies are attempting to overcome the immunosuppressive state and induce specific immune responses using antibodies adoptive cell therapy or vaccines. Overall, the OC TME presents both opportunities and obstacles. Immunotherapeutic approaches continue to show promise, and next-generation inhibitors offer exciting opportunities. However, tailoring therapies to individual immune characteristics will be critical for the success of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Blanc-Durand
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Clemence Wei Xian
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S. P. Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR) and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Nasiri F, Farrokhi K, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Mahboubi Kancha M, Dashti Shokoohi S, Safarzadeh Kozani P. CAR-T cell immunotherapy for ovarian cancer: hushing the silent killer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1302307. [PMID: 38146364 PMCID: PMC10749368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most lethal gynecologic oncological indication, carcinoma of the ovary has been ranked as the 5th cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with a high percentage of the patients being diagnosed at late stages of the disease and a five-year survival of ~ 30%. Ovarian cancer patients conventionally undergo surgery for tumor removal followed by platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy; however, a high percentage of patients experience tumor relapse. Cancer immunotherapy has been regarded as a silver lining in the treatment of patients with various immunological or oncological indications; however, mirvetuximab soravtansine (a folate receptor α-specific mAb) and bevacizumab (a VEGF-A-specific mAb) are the only immunotherapeutics approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has achieved tremendous clinical success in the treatment of patients with certain B-cell lymphomas and leukemias, as well as multiple myeloma. In the context of solid tumors, CAR-T therapies face serious obstacles that limit their therapeutic benefit. Such hindrances include the immunosuppressive nature of solid tumors, impaired tumor infiltration, lack of qualified tumor-associated antigens, and compromised stimulation and persistence of CAR-Ts following administration. Over the past years, researchers have made arduous attempts to apply CAR-T therapy to ovarian cancer. In this review, we outline the principles of CAR-T therapy and then highlight its limitations in the context of solid tumors. Ultimately, we focus on preclinical and clinical findings achieved in CAR-T-mediated targeting of different ovarian cancer-associated target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Farrokhi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Mahboubi Kancha
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Setareh Dashti Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wang Y, Jin S, Zhuang Q, Liu N, Chen R, Adam SA, Jin J, Sun J. Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells: a promising antitumor immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e422. [PMID: 38045827 PMCID: PMC10691297 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been successfully used in adoptive cell therapy for malignancies. However, some obstacles, including side effects such as graft-versus-host disease and cytokine release syndrome, therapy resistance, limited sources, as well as high cost, limited the application of CAR T cells. Recently, CAR natural killer (NK) cells have been pursued as the effector cells for adoptive immunotherapy for their attractive merits of strong intrinsic antitumor activity and relatively mild side effects. Additionally, CAR NK cells can be available from various sources and do not require strict human leukocyte antigen matching, which suggests them as promising "off-the-shelf" products for clinical application. Although the use of CAR NK cells is restrained by the limited proliferation and impaired efficiency within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, further investigation in optimizing CAR structure and combination therapies will overcome these challenges. This review will summarize the advancement of CAR NK cells, CAR NK cell manufacture, the clinical outcomes of CAR NK therapy, the challenges in the field, and prospective solutions. Besides, we will discuss the emerging application of other immune cells for CAR engineering. Collectively, this comprehensive review will provide a valuable and informative summary of current progress and evaluate challenges and future opportunities of CAR NK cells in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qiqi Zhuang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Na Liu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandongChina
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Sofia Abdulkadir Adam
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang University Cancer CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouZhejiangChina
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13
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Sun Z, Jaswal AP, Chu X, Rajkumar H, Cortez AG, Edinger R, Rose M, Josefsson A, Bhise A, Huang Z, Ishima R, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS, Li W, Nedrow JR. Assessment of Novel Mesothelin-Specific Human Antibody Domain VH-Fc Fusion Proteins-Based PET Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43586-43595. [PMID: 38027361 PMCID: PMC10666227 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor-associated antigen found in a variety of cancers and is a target for imaging and therapeutic applications in MSLN-expressing tumors. We have developed high affinity anti-MSLN human VH domain antibodies, providing alternative targeting vectors to conventional IgG antibodies that are associated with long-circulating half-lives and poor penetration of tumors, limiting antitumor activity in clinical trials. Based on two newly identified anti-MSLN VH binders (3C9, 2A10), we generated VH-Fc fusion proteins and modified them for zirconium-89 radiolabeling to create anti-MSLN VH-Fc PET tracers. The focus of this study was to assess the ability of PET-imaging to compare the in vivo performance of anti-MSLN VH-Fc fusion proteins (2A10, 3C9) targeting different epitopes of MSLN vs IgG1 (m912; a clinical benchmark antibody with an overlapped epitope as 2A10) for PET imaging in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). The anti-MSLN VH-Fc fusion proteins were successfully modified and radiolabeled with zirconium-89. The resulting MSLN-targeted PET-imaging agents demonstrated specific uptake in the MSLN-expressing HCT116 tumors. The in vivo performance of the MSLN-targeted PET-imaging agents utilizing VH-Fc showed more rapid and greater accumulation and deeper penetration within the tumor than the full-length IgG1 m912-based PET-imaging agent. Furthermore, PET imaging allowed us to compare the pharmacokinetics of epitope-specific VH domain-based PET tracers. Overall, these data are encouraging for the incorporation of PET imaging to assess modified VH domain structures to develop novel anti-MSLN VH domain-based therapeutics in MSLN-positive cancers as well as their companion PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Sun
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ambika P. Jaswal
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Harikrishnan Rajkumar
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Angel G. Cortez
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Robert Edinger
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Max Rose
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Abhinav Bhise
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Rieko Ishima
- Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center
for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department
of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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14
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Scanlon LR, Gabor L, Khouri OR, Ahmad S, Levy E, Kuo DYS, Lin K, Nevadunsky N, Gravekamp C. Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer is improved by tumor targeted delivery of a neoantigen surrogate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561944. [PMID: 37873295 PMCID: PMC10592780 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known for its poor neoantigen expression and strong immunosuppression. Here, we utilized an attenuated non-pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes to deliver a highly immunogenic Tetanus Toxoid protein (Listeria-TT), as a neoantigen surrogate, into tumor cells through infection in a metastatic mouse ovarian cancer model (Id8p53-/-Luc). Gemcitabine (GEM) was added to reduce immune suppression. Listeria-TT+GEM treatments resulted in tumors expressing TT and reactivation of pre-existing CD4 and CD8 memory T cells to TT (generated early in life). These T cells were then attracted to the TT-expressing tumors now producing perforin and granzyme B. This correlated with a strong reduction in the ovarian tumors and metastases, and a significant improvement of the survival time compared to all control groups. Moreover, two treatment cycles with Listeria-TT+GEM doubled the survival time compared to untreated mice. Checkpoint inhibitors have little effect on ovarian cancer partly because of low neoantigen expression. Here we demonstrated that Listeria-TT+GEM+PD1 was significantly more effective (efficacy and survival) than PD1 or Listeria-TT+GEM alone, and that more treatment cycles with Listeria-TT+GEM+PD1 significantly increased the survival time compared to Listeria-TT+GEM alone. In summary, the results of this study suggest that our approach may benefit ovarian cancer patients.
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15
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Ramezani F, Panahi Meymandi AR, Akbari B, Tamtaji OR, Mirzaei H, Brown CE, Mirzaei HR. Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK/T cell therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:183. [PMID: 37974170 PMCID: PMC10652537 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of CAR NK/T cell therapy is often hindered by various factors, including the phenomenon of trogocytosis, which involves the bidirectional exchange of membrane fragments between cells. In this review, we explore the role of trogocytosis in CAR NK/T cell therapy and highlight potential strategies for its modulation to improve therapeutic efficacy. We provide an in-depth analysis of trogocytosis as it relates to the fate and function of NK and T cells, focusing on its effects on cell activation, cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation. We discuss how trogocytosis can mediate transient antigen loss on cancer cells, thereby negatively affecting the effector function of CAR NK/T cells. Additionally, we address the phenomenon of fratricide and trogocytosis-associated exhaustion, which can limit the persistence and effectiveness of CAR-expressing cells. Furthermore, we explore how trogocytosis can impact CAR NK/T cell functionality, including the acquisition of target molecules and the modulation of signaling pathways. To overcome the negative effects of trogocytosis on cellular immunotherapy, we propose innovative approaches to modulate trogocytosis and augment CAR NK/T cell therapy. These strategies encompass targeting trogocytosis-related molecules, engineering CAR NK/T cells to resist trogocytosis-induced exhaustion and leveraging trogocytosis to enhance the function of CAR-expressing cells. By overcoming the limitations imposed by trogocytosis, it may be possible to unleash the full potential of CAR NK/T therapy against cancer. The knowledge and strategies presented in this review will guide future research and development, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Panahi Meymandi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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16
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Dong Y, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhu H, Liu L, Zhang M, Chen J, Wang A, Huang T, Hu J, Liang J, Guo Z, He L. FEN1 inhibitor SC13 promotes CAR-T cells infiltration into solid tumours through cGAS-STING signalling pathway. Immunology 2023; 170:388-400. [PMID: 37501391 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T-cell immunotherapy) has excellent therapeutic effect in haematological tumours, but it still faces great challenges in solid tumours, including inefficient T-cell tumour infiltration and poor functional persistence. Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1), highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells, plays an important role in both DNA replication and repair. Previous studies have reported that FEN1 inhibition is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, we hypothesized whether FEN1 inhibitors combined with CAR-T-cell immunotherapy would have a stronger killing effect on solid tumours. The results showed that low dose of FEN1 inhibitors SC13 could induce an increase of double-stranded broken DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm. Cytosolic dsDNA can activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon gene signalling pathway and increase the secretion of chemokines. In vivo, under the action of FEN1 inhibitor SC13, more chemokines were produced at solid tumour sites, which promoted the infiltration of CAR-T cells and improved anti-tumour immunity. These findings suggest that FEN1 inhibitors could enable CAR-T cells to overcome poor T-cell infiltration and improve the treatment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuechen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aying Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tinghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing, University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Monzo HJ, Kalander K, Hyytiäinen MM, Elbasani E, Wall J, Moyano-Galceran L, Tanjore Ramanathan J, Jukonen J, Laakkonen P, Ristimäki A, Carlson JW, Lehti K, Salehi S, Puolakkainen P, Haglund C, Seppänen H, Leppä S, Ojala PM. Efficacy and Safety of Glycosphingolipid SSEA-4 Targeting CAR-T Cells in an Ovarian Carcinoma Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1319-1331. [PMID: 37486980 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapies for solid tumors face critical challenges such as heterogeneous antigen expression. We characterized stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) cell-surface glycolipid as a target for CAR T-cell therapy. SSEA-4 is mainly expressed during embryogenesis but is also found in several cancer types making it an attractive tumor-associated antigen. Anti-SSEA-4 CAR-T cells were generated and assessed preclinically in vitro and in vivo for antitumor response and safety. SSEA-4 CAR-T cells effectively eliminated SSEA-4-positive cells in all the tested cancer cell lines, whereas SSEA-4-negative cells lines were not targeted. In vivo efficacy and safety studies using NSG mice and the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR4 demonstrated a remarkable and specific antitumor response at all the CAR T-cell doses used. At high T-cell doses, CAR T cell-treated mice showed signs of health deterioration after a follow-up period. However, the severity of toxicity was reduced with a delayed onset when lower CAR T-cell doses were used. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of anti-SSEA-4 CAR T-cell therapy; however, safety strategies, such as dose-limiting and/or equipping CAR-T cells with combinatorial antigen recognition should be implemented for its potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector J Monzo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerttu Kalander
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko M Hyytiäinen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Endrit Elbasani
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Wall
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joonas Jukonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinli, Finland
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Cui Y, Luo M, Gu C, He Y, Yao Y, Li P. CAR designs for solid tumors: overcoming hurdles and paving the way for effective immunotherapy. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:279-297. [PMID: 38516299 PMCID: PMC10951476 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy by modifying patients' immune cells genetically. By expressing CARs, these modified cells can specifically identify and eliminate tumor cells. The success of CAR-T therapy in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma, has been remarkable. Numerous studies have reported improved patient outcomes and increased survival rates. However, the application of CAR-T therapy in treating solid tumors faces significant challenges. Solid tumors possess complex microenvironments containing stromal cells, extracellular matrix components, and blood vessels. These factors can impede the infiltration and persistence of CAR-T cells within the tumor. Additionally, the lack of target antigens exclusively expressed on tumor cells raises concerns about off-target effects and potential toxicity. This review aims to discuss advancements achieved by CAR-T therapy in solid tumors and the clinical outcomes in the realm of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Cui
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Mintao Luo
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chuanyuan Gu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yuxian He
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0021, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Peng Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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19
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Tang H, Zaroudi M, Zhu Y, Cheng A, Qin L, Zhang B, Liu Y. Toroidal-spiral particles as a CAR-T cell delivery device for solid tumor immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 362:620-630. [PMID: 37673306 PMCID: PMC10947521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has resulted in positive effects on patients with hematologic malignancy but shows limited efficacy in solid tumor treatments due to insufficient trafficking and tumor infiltration, intensive CAR-T-related toxicities, and antigen escape. In this work, we developed and investigated a biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric toroidal-spiral particle (TSP) as a in vivo cell incubator and delivery device that can be implanted near tumor through a minimally invasive procedure or injected near or into solid tumors by using a biopsy needle. The main matrix structure of the millimeter-sized TSP is made from crosslinking of gelatin methacrylamine (GelMA) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with a tunable degradation rate from a few days to months, providing appropriate mechanical properties and sustained release of co-encapsulated drugs and/or stimulation compounds. The toroidal-spiral layer of the particles, presenting an internal void volume for high-capacity cell loading and flexibility of co-encapsulating small and large molecular compounds with individually manipulated release schedules, is filled with collagen and suspended T cells. The TSPs promote cell proliferation, activation, and migration in the tumor micro-environment in a prolonged and sustained manner. In this study, the efficacy of mesothelin (MSLN) CAR-T cells released from the TSPs was tested in preclinical mouse tumor models. Compared to systemic and intratumoral injection, peritumoral delivery of MSLN CAR-T cells using the TSPs resulted in a superior antitumor effect. The TSPs made of FDA approved materials as an in vivo reactor may provide an option for efficiently local delivery of CAR-T cells to solid tumors for higher efficacy and lower toxicity, with a minimally invasive administration procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maryam Zaroudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuli Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lei Qin
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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20
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Jiang H, Awuti G, Guo X. Construction of an Immunophenoscore-Related Signature for Evaluating Prognosis and Immunotherapy Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33017-33031. [PMID: 37720747 PMCID: PMC10500650 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy in the world, and immunotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment. Immunophenoscore (IPS) is a robust biomarker distinguishing sensitive responders from immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to construct a prognostic model for predicting overall survival (OS) and identifying patients who would benefit from immunotherapy. First, we combined The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer Immune Atlas (TCIA) data sets and incorporated 229 OC samples into a training cohort. The validation cohort included 240 OC samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. The training cohort was divided into high- and low-IPS subgroups to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs with OS were identified by Univariate Cox regression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was used to construct the prognostic model. Then, immune and mutation analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the model and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Eighty-three DEGs were obtained between the high-and low-IPS subgroups, where 17 DEGs were associated with OS. The five essential genes were selected to establish the prognostic model, which showed high accuracy for predicting OS and could be an independent survival indicator. OC samples that were divided by risk scores showed distinguished immune status, TME, TMB, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy sensitivity. Similar results were validated in the GEO cohort. We developed an immunophenoscore-related signature associated with the TME to predict OS and response to immunotherapy in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal
Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity
and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guzhanuer Awuti
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal
Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity
and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department
of Gynecological Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital,
School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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21
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Zhao H, Wu L, Dai J, Sun K, Zi Z, Guan J, Zhang L. Ligand-based adoptive T cell targeting CA125 in ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:596. [PMID: 37670338 PMCID: PMC10481596 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly aggressive gynecological malignancy prevalent worldwide. Most OC cases are typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which has led to a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 35% following conventional treatment. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has shown limited efficacy in the treatment of patients with OC, and CAR-T therapy has also demonstrated modest results owing to inadequate T cell infiltration. Therefore, novel strategies must be developed to enhance T cell persistence and trafficking within the OC tumor microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we developed a novel adoptive T-cell therapy for ovarian cancer based on a chimeric antigen receptor structure. We used a ligand-receptor binding motif to enhance the therapeutic effect of targeting CA125. Since mesothelin can naturally bind to CA125 with high affinity, we concatenated the core-binding fragment of mesothelin with the 4-1BB and CD3ζ signal fragments to assemble a novel CA125-targeting chimeric receptor (CR). The CAR structure targeting CA125 derived from the 4H11 antibody was also constructed. CR- and CAR-encoding RNA were electroporated into T cells to evaluate their antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS While CR-T or CAR-T cells exhibited moderate activity against two ovarian cancer cell lines, T cells co-expressing CR and CAR exhibited a superior killing effect compared to T cells expressing either CR or CAR alone. Furthermore, upon interaction with ovarian tumors, the ability of CR and CAR T cells to release activation markers and functional cytokines increased significantly. Similarly, CR and CAR co-expressing T cells persistently controlled the growth of transplanted ovarian cancer tumors in NSG mice and significantly prolonged the overall survival of tumor-challenged mice. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the survival and cytotoxicity of T cells co-expressing CR and CAR were significantly altered compared with those of T cells expressing either CR or CAR. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that CA125 targeting CR and CAR can synergistically kill ovarian cancer cells, indicating that CA125 targeting by the two binding motifs simultaneously in tumors may improve the therapeutic outcomes of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiemin Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenguo Zi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junhua Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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22
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Yang F, Zhang F, Ji F, Chen J, Li J, Chen Z, Hu Z, Guo Z. Self-delivery of TIGIT-blocking scFv enhances CAR-T immunotherapy in solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175920. [PMID: 37359558 PMCID: PMC10287952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has become an important immunotherapeutic tool for overcoming cancers. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors is relatively poor due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and inhibitory immune checkpoints. TIGIT on the surface of T cells acts as an immune checkpoint by binding to CD155 on the tumor cells' surface, thereby inhibiting tumor cell killing. Blocking TIGIT/CD155 interactions is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we generated anti-MLSN CAR-T cells in combination with anti-α-TIGIT for solid tumors treatment. The anti-α-TIGIT effectively enhanced the efficacy of anti-MLSN CAR-T cells on the killing of target cells in vitro. In addition, we genetically engineered anti-MSLN CAR-T cells with the capacity to constitutively produce TIGIT-blocking single-chain variable fragments. Our study demonstrated that blocking TIGIT significantly promoted cytokine release to augment the tumor-killing effect of MT CAR-T cells. Moreover, the self-delivery of TIGIT-blocking scFvs enhanced the infiltration and activation of MT CAR-T cells in the tumor microenvironments to achieve better tumor regression in vivo. These results suggest that blocking TIGIT effectively enhances the anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells and suggest a promising strategy of combining CAR-T with immune checkpoints blockade in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAR-T R&D Department, Nanjing Blue Shield Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- CAR-T R&D Department, Nanjing Blue Shield Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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23
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He Q, Hu H, Yang F, Song D, Zhang X, Dai X. Advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114609. [PMID: 37001182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring cancer type seriously threatening the lives of women worldwide. Clinically, the high frequency of diverse resistance to current therapeutic strategies advocates a demand to develop novel and effective approaches for the efficient treatment of BC. The chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy, one of the immunotherapies, has displayed powerful capacity to specifically kill and eliminate tumors. Due to the success of CAR-T therapy achieved in treating hematological malignancy, the effect of CAR-T cells therapy has been tested in various human diseases including breast cancer. This review summarized and discussed the landscape of the CAR-T therapy for breast cancer, including the advances, challenge and countermeasure of CAR-T therapy in research and clinical application. The roles of potential antigen targets, tumor microenvironment, immune escape in regulating CAR-T therapy, the combination of CAR-T therapy with other therapeutic strategies to further enhance therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T treatment were also highlighted. Therefore, our review provided a comprehensive understanding of CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer which will awake huge interests for future in-depth investigation of CAR-T based therapy in cancer treatment.
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24
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Domínguez-Prieto V, Qian S, Villarejo-Campos P, Meliga C, González-Soares S, Guijo Castellano I, Jiménez-Galanes S, García-Arranz M, Guadalajara H, García-Olmo D. Understanding CAR T cell therapy and its role in ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104547. [PMID: 37274261 PMCID: PMC10233107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide in women and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the lack of accurate screening tools for early detection and late symptom onset. The absence of early-onset symptoms often delays diagnosis until the disease has progressed to advanced stages, frequently when there is peritoneal involvement. Although ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with different histopathologic types, treatment for advanced tumors is usually based on chemotherapy and cytoreduction surgery. CAR T cells have shown promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies, though their role in treating solid tumors remains unclear. Outcomes are less favorable owing to the low capacity of CAR T cells to migrate to the tumor site, the influence of the protective tumor microenvironment, and the heterogeneity of surface antigens on tumor cells. Despite these results, CAR T cells have been proposed as a treatment approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal and gastric origin. Local intraperitoneal administration of CAR T cells has been found to be superior to systemic administration, as this route is associated with increased tumor reduction, a more durable effect, protection against local relapse and distant metastases, and fewer systemic adverse effects. In this article we review the application of CAR T cells for the treatment of ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siyuan Qian
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Meliga
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González-Soares
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Guadalajara
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Wang J, Wang Y, Pan H, Zhao L, Yang X, Liang Z, Shen X, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhu Y, Xun J, Liang Y, Lin Q, Liang H, Li M, Zhu H. Chemokine Receptors CCR6 and PD1 Blocking scFv E27 Enhances Anti-EGFR CAR-T Therapeutic Efficacy in a Preclinical Model of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065424. [PMID: 36982500 PMCID: PMC10056525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, a therapeutic agent for solid tumors, are not completely effective due to a lack of infiltration of T cells into the tumor site and immunity caused by Programmed Death Receptor 1(PD1). Here, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) CAR-T cell was engineered to express the chemokine receptor CCR6 and secrete PD1 blocking Single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) E27 to enhance their anti-tumor effects. The findings showed that CCR6 enhanced the migration of EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells in vitro by the Transwell migration assay. When incubated with tumor cells, EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells specifically exerted potent cytotoxicity and produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). A non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line-derived xenograft model was constructed by implanting modified A549 cell lines into immunodeficient NOD.PrkdcscidIl2rgem1/Smoc (NSG) mice. In comparison with traditional EGFR CAR-T cells, live imaging indicated that EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells displayed superior anti-tumor function. In addition, the histopathological examination of mouse organs showed no obvious organic damage. Our findings confirmed that PD1 blocking and CCR6 can enhance the anti-tumor function of EGFR CAR-T cells in an NSCLC xenograft model, providing an effective treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of CAR-T in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Hanyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Qinru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huitong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-021-31246728
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26
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Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Ovarian Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1233-1249. [PMID: 36826026 PMCID: PMC9955550 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is gynecological cancer, and diagnosis and treatment are continuously advancing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based diagnoses have emerged as novel methods for identifying molecules and pathways in cancer research. The NGS-based applications have expanded in OC research for early detection and identification of aberrant genes and dysregulation pathways, demonstrating comprehensive views of the entire transcriptome, such as fusion genes, genetic mutations, and gene expression profiling. Coinciding with advances in NGS-based diagnosis, treatment strategies for OC, such as molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have also advanced. Immunotherapy is effective against many other cancers, and its efficacy against OC has also been demonstrated at the clinical phase. In this review, we describe several NGS-based applications for therapeutic targets of OC, and introduce current immunotherapeutic strategies, including vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell transplantation, for effective diagnosis and treatment of OC.
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27
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Chen J, Hu J, Gu L, Ji F, Zhang F, Zhang M, Li J, Chen Z, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Shi R, Ma L, Jia S, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Liang J, Yao S, Hu Z, Guo Z. Anti-mesothelin CAR-T immunotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:409-425. [PMID: 35925286 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has received increasing attention as an adoptive cellular immunotherapy that targets tumors. However, numerous challenges remain for the effective use of CAR-T to treat solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, which is an aggressive and metastatic cancer with a poor therapeutic response. We screened for an effective anti-MSLN single-chain Fv antibody with comparable binding activity and non-off-target properties using human phage display library. A second-generation of anti-MSLN CAR was designed and generated. We demonstrated the efficacy of our anti-MSLN CAR-T cells for ovarian cancer treatment in an in vitro experiment to kill ovarian tumor cell lines. The anti-MSLN CAR-T cells impeded MSLN-positive tumor growth concomitant with a significant increase in cytokine levels compared with the control. Then, we demonstrated the efficacy of anti-MSLN CAR-T cells in an in vivo experiment against ovarian cancer cell-derived xenografts. Furthermore, we herein report three cases with ovarian cancer who were treated with autologous anti-MSLN CAR-T cells and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of adoptive cell therapy. In this investigator-initiated clinical trials, no patients experienced cytokine release syndrome or neurological symptoms over 2 grads. Disease stabilized in two patients, with progression-free survival times of 5.8 and 4.6 months. Transient CAR expression was detected in patient blood after infusion each time. The tumor partially subsided, and the patient's condition was relieved. In conclusion, this work proves the efficacy of the anti-MSLN CAR-T treatment strategy in ovarian cancer and provides preliminary data for the development of further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- Nanjing Blue Shield Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Nanjing Blue Shield Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Longwei Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ruifang Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lihua Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Shaochang Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Shunyu Yao
- Baylor University, 1311 S 5th St, Waco, USA
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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28
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Schoutrop E, Poiret T, El-Serafi I, Zhao Y, He R, Moter A, Henriksson J, Hassan M, Magalhaes I, Mattsson J. Tuned activation of MSLN-CAR T cells induces superior antitumor responses in ovarian cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005691. [PMID: 36746513 PMCID: PMC9906404 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited persistence of functional CAR T cells in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment remains a major hurdle in the successful translation of CAR T cell therapy to treat solid tumors. Fine-tuning of CAR T cell activation by mutating CD3ζ chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in CD19-CAR T cells (containing the CD28 costimulatory domain) has proven to extend functional CAR T cell persistence in preclinical models of B cell malignancies. METHODS In this study, two conventional second-generation MSLN-CAR T cell constructs encoding for either a CD28 co-stimulatory (M28z) or 4-1BB costimulatory (MBBz) domain and a novel mesothelin (MSLN)-directed CAR T cell construct encoding for the CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3ζ chain containing a single ITAM (M1xx) were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of ovarian cancer. Two ovarian cancer cell lines and two orthotopic models of ovarian cancer in NSG mice were used: SKOV-3 cells inoculated through microsurgery in the ovary and to mimic a disseminated model of advanced ovarian cancer, OVCAR-4 cells injected intraperitoneally. MSLN-CAR T cell treatment efficacy was evaluated by survival analysis and the characterization and quantification of the different MSLN-CAR T cells were performed by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and gene expression analysis. RESULTS M1xx CAR T cells elicited superior antitumor potency and persistence, as compared with the conventional second generation M28z and MBBz CAR T cells. Ex vivo M28z and MBBz CAR T cells displayed a more exhausted phenotype than M1xx CAR T cells as determined by co-expression of PD-1, LAG-3 and TIM-3. Furthermore, M1xx CAR T cells showed superior ex vivo IFNy, TNF and GzB production and were characterized by a self-renewal gene signature. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study demonstrates the enhanced therapeutic potential of MSLN-CAR T cells expressing a mutated CD3ζ chain containing a single ITAM for the treatment of ovarian cancer. CAR T cells armored with calibrated activation potential may improve the clinical responses in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim El-Serafi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Clinical Research Center and Center of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui He
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Clinical Research Center and Center of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alina Moter
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Clinical Research Center and Center of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhao S, Zhang X, Gao F, Chi H, Zhang J, Xia Z, Cheng C, Liu J. Identification of copper metabolism-related subtypes and establishment of the prognostic model in ovarian cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145797. [PMID: 36950684 PMCID: PMC10025496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common and most malignant gynecological malignancies in gynecology. On the other hand, dysregulation of copper metabolism (CM) is closely associated with tumourigenesis and progression. Here, we investigated the impact of genes associated with copper metabolism (CMRGs) on the prognosis of OC, discovered various CM clusters, and built a risk model to evaluate patient prognosis, immunological features, and therapy response. METHODS 15 CMRGs affecting the prognosis of OC patients were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Consensus Clustering was used to identify two CM clusters. lasso-cox methods were used to establish the copper metabolism-related gene prognostic signature (CMRGPS) based on differentially expressed genes in the two clusters. The GSE63885 cohort was used as an external validation cohort. Expression of CM risk score-associated genes was verified by single-cell sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Nomograms were used to visually depict the clinical value of CMRGPS. Differences in clinical traits, immune cell infiltration, and tumor mutational load (TMB) between risk groups were also extensively examined. Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Rejection (TIDE) and Immune Phenotype Score (IPS) were used to validate whether CMRGPS could predict response to immunotherapy in OC patients. RESULTS In the TCGA and GSE63885 cohorts, we identified two CM clusters that differed significantly in terms of overall survival (OS) and tumor microenvironment. We then created a CMRGPS containing 11 genes to predict overall survival and confirmed its reliable predictive power for OC patients. The expression of CM risk score-related genes was validated by qRT-PCR. Patients with OC were divided into low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) groups based on the median CM risk score, with better survival in the LR group. The 5-year AUC value reached 0.74. Enrichment analysis showed that the LR group was associated with tumor immune-related pathways. The results of TIDE and IPS showed a better response to immunotherapy in the LR group. CONCLUSION Our study, therefore, provides a valuable tool to further guide clinical management and tailor the treatment of patients with OC, offering new insights into individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Chao Cheng, ; Jinhui Liu,
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Chao Cheng, ; Jinhui Liu,
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Chao Cheng, ; Jinhui Liu,
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Qin Y, Xu G. Enhancing CAR T-cell therapies against solid tumors: Mechanisms and reversion of resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1053120. [PMID: 36569859 PMCID: PMC9773088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, belonging to adoptive immune cells therapy, utilizes engineered immunoreceptors to enhance tumor-specific killing. By now new generations of CAR T-cell therapies dramatically promote the effectiveness and robustness in leukemia cases. However, only a few CAR T-cell therapies gain FDA approval till now, which are applied to hematologic cancers. Targeting solid tumors through CAR T-cell therapies still faces many problems, such as tumor heterogeneity, antigen loss, infiltration inability and immunosuppressive micro-environment. Recent advances provide new insights about the mechanisms of CAR T-cell therapy resistance and give rise to potential reversal therapies. In this review, we mainly introduce existing barriers when treating solid tumors with CAR T-cells and discuss the methods to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guotai Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guotai Xu,
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31
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Chen Q, Lu L, Ma W. Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235983. [PMID: 36497465 PMCID: PMC9739567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been the fifth pillar of cancer treatment in the past decade. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newly designed adoptive immunotherapy that is able to target and further eliminate cancer cells by engaging with MHC-independent tumor-antigens. CAR T-cell therapy has exhibited conspicuous clinical efficacy in hematological malignancies, but more than half of patients will relapse. Of note, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy has been even more disappointing in solid tumors. These challenges mainly include (1) the failures of CAR T-cells to treat highly heterogeneous solid tumors due to the difficulty in identifying unique tumor antigen targets, (2) the expression of target antigens in non-cancer cells, (3) the inability of CAR T-cells to effectively infiltrate solid tumors, (4) the short lifespan and lack of persistence of CAR T-cells, and (5) cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. In combination with these characteristics, the ideal CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors should maintain adequate T-cell response over a long term while sparing healthy tissues. This article reviewed the status, clinical application, efficacy, safety, and challenges of CAR T-cell therapies, as well as the latest progress of CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors. In addition, the potential strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cells and prevent side effects in solid tumors were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center and Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-1477
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Schoutrop E, Moyano-Galceran L, Lheureux S, Mattsson J, Lehti K, Dahlstrand H, Magalhaes I. Molecular, cellular and systemic aspects of epithelial ovarian cancer and its tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:207-223. [PMID: 35395389 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the peritoneal cavity. Despite major advances made within the field of cancer, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer are still being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease due to lack of effective screening tools. The overall survival of these patients has, therefore, not substantially improved over the past decades. Most patients undergo debulking surgery and treatment with chemotherapy, but often micrometastases remain and acquire resistance to the therapy, eventually leading to disease recurrence. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in epithelial ovarian cancer development and metastatic progression. For the most common subtypes, we focus further on the properties and functions of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix. Current and future treatment modalities are discussed and finally we provide an overview of the different experimental models used to develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical unit Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Harrer DC, Schenkel C, Berking C, Herr W, Abken H, Dörrie J, Schaft N. Decitabine-Mediated Upregulation of CSPG4 in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Enables Targeting by CSPG4-Specific CAR-T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205033. [PMID: 36291817 PMCID: PMC9599610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of CAR-T cells to the armamentarium of immunotherapy revigorated the field of oncology by inducing long-lasting remissions in patients with relapsing/refractory hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, in the lion's share of patients diagnosed with solid tumors, CAR-T-cell therapy so far failed to demonstrate satisfactory anti-tumor activity. A crucial cause of resistance against the antigen-specific attack of CAR-T cells is predicated on the primary or secondary absence of suitable target antigens. Thus, the necessity to create a broad repertoire of different target antigens is vital. We aimed to evaluate the potential of the well-established melanoma antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) as an inducible antigen in ovarian cancer cells, using CSPG4-negative SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells as a model. Based on the hypomethylating activity of the FDA-approved drug decitabine, we refined a protocol to upregulate CSPG4 in the majority of decitabine-treated SKOV-3 cells. CSPG4-specific CAR-T cells generated by mRNA-electroporation showed CSPG4-directed cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity towards decitabine-treated SKOV-3. Another ovarian cancer cell line (Caov-3) and the neoplastic cell line 293T behaved similar. In aggregate, we generated proof-of-concept data paving the way for the further exploration of CSPG4 as an inducible antigen for CAR-T cells in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schenkel
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-913-1853-1127
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Zheng A, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Ma X. The role of cancer-associated mesothelial cells in the progression and therapy of ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013506. [PMID: 36268019 PMCID: PMC9577001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently one of the most common malignant tumors in females with poor survival rates around the world, killing about 200,000 women each year. Although great progress has been made in treatment, most patients receiving first-line therapy experience tumor recurrence. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in regulating the progression and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Cancer-associated mesothelial cells are the main cell population in the tumor microenvironment, which affect the progression, prognosis and chemical resistance of ovarian cancer. Cancer-associated mesothelial cells can also interact with other microenvironmental components, such as exosomes, macrophages, and adipocytes. Some studies have developed drugs targeting cancer-associated mesothelial cells in ovarian cancer to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency. In this review we highlighted the key role of cancer-associated mesothelial cells in the progression and prognosis of ovarian cancer. We also described the progress of cancer-associated mesothelial cells targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. Continued insight into the role of cancer-associated mesothelial cells in ovarian cancer will potentially contribute to the development of new and effective therapeutic regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Zheng
- Division of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Head & Neck Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Wei
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunuo Zhao
- Division of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Division of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xuelei Ma,
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Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with Monocyte Infiltration in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6860510. [PMID: 35993054 PMCID: PMC9388304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6860510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The five-year survival rate of lung squamous cell carcinoma is significantly lower than that of other cancer types. It is therefore urgent to discover novel prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets and understand their correction with infiltrating immune cells to improve the prognosis of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we employed robust rank aggregation algorithms to overcome the shortcomings of small sizes and potential bias in each Gene Expression Omnibus dataset of lung squamous cell carcinoma and identified 513 robust differentially expressed genes including 220 upregulated and 293 downregulated genes from six microarray datasets. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these robust differentially expressed genes were obviously involved in the extracellular matrix and structure organization, epidermis development, cell adhesion molecule binding, p53 signaling pathway, and interleukin-17 signaling pathway to affect the progress of lung squamous cell carcinoma. We further identified six hub genes from 513 robust differentially expressed genes by protein-protein interaction network and 10 topological analyses. Moreover, the results of immune cell infiltration analysis from six integrated Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and our sequencing transcriptome data demonstrated that the abundance of monocytes was significantly lower in lung squamous cell carcinoma compared to controls. Immune correlation analysis and survival analysis of hub genes suggested that three hub genes, collagen alpha-1(VII) chain, mesothelin, and chordin-like protein 1, significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating monocytes as well as may be potential prognostic biomarkers and therapy targets in lung squamous cell carcinoma. The investigation of the correlation of hub gene markers and infiltrating monocytes can also improve to well understand the molecular mechanisms of lung squamous cell carcinoma development.
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Sun J, Li X, Chen P, Gao Y. From Anti-HER-2 to Anti-HER-2-CAR-T Cells: An Evolutionary Immunotherapy Approach for Gastric Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4061-4085. [PMID: 35873388 PMCID: PMC9304417 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s368138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current Therapeutic modalities provide no survival advantage to gastric cancer (GC) patients. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is a viable therapeutic strategy against advanced HER-2 positive GC. Antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and bispecific antibodies are emerging as novel drug forms that may abrogate the resistance to HER-2-specific drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) targeting HER-2 have shown considerable therapeutic potential in GC and other solid tumors. However, due to the high heterogeneity along with the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of GC that often leads to immune escape, the immunological treatment of GC still faces many challenges. Here, we reviewed and discussed the current progress in the research of anti-HER-2-CAR-T cell immunotherapy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Gupta R, Jit BP, Kumar S, Mittan S, Tanwer P, Ray MD, Mathur S, Perumal V, Kumar L, Rath GK, Sharma A. Leveraging epigenetics to enhance the efficacy of cancer-testis antigen: a potential candidate for immunotherapy. Epigenomics 2022; 14:865-886. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The phenotype is characterized by delayed diagnosis, recurrence and drug resistance. Inherent immunogenicity potential, oncogenic function and expression of cancer-testis/germline antigen (CTA) in ovarian cancer render them a potential candidate for immunotherapy. Revolutionary clinical findings indicate that tumor antigen-mediated T-cell and dendritic cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches provide an excellent strategy for targeting tumors. Currently, dendritic cell vaccination for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma and CTA-based T-cell receptor transduced T-cell therapy involving MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 are well documented and shown to be effective. This review highlighted the mechanical aspects of epigenetic drugs that can elicit a CTA-based humoral and cellular immune response and implicate T-cell and dendritic cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY 10467, USA
| | - Pranay Tanwer
- Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - M D Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vanamail Perumal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - G K Rath
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute – India, Jhajjar Campus, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Zhang H, Zhu S, Deng W, Li R, Zhou H, Xiong H. The landscape of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in breast cancer: Perspectives and outlook. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887471. [PMID: 35935930 PMCID: PMC9354605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a revolutionary adoptive cell therapy, which could modify and redirect T cells to specific tumor cells. Since CAR-T cell therapy was first approved for B cell-derived malignancies in 2017, it has yielded unprecedented progress in hematological tumors and has dramatically reshaped the landscape of cancer therapy in recent years. Currently, cumulative evidence has demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy could be a viable therapeutic strategy for solid cancers. However, owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and heterogenous tumor antigens, the application of CAR-T cell therapy against solid cancers requires circumventing more challenging obstacles. Breast cancer is characterized by a high degree of invasiveness, malignancy, and poor prognosis. The review highlights the underlying targets of CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer, summarizes the challenges associated with CAR-T cell therapy, and proposes the strategies to overcome these challenges, which provides a novel approach to breast cancer treatment.
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Schoutrop E, Renken S, Micallef Nilsson I, Hahn P, Poiret T, Kiessling R, Wickström SL, Mattsson J, Magalhaes I. Trogocytosis and fratricide killing impede MSLN-directed CAR T cell functionality. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2093426. [PMID: 35898704 PMCID: PMC9313125 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2093426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors has proved to be troublesome, mainly due to the complex tumor microenvironment promoting T cell dysfunction and antigen heterogeneity. Mesothelin (MSLN) has emerged as an attractive target for CAR T cell therapy of several solid malignancies, including ovarian cancer. To improve clinical response rates with MSLN-CAR T cells, a better understanding of the mechanisms impacting CAR T cell functionality in vitro is crucial. Here, we demonstrated superior cytolytic capacity of CD28-costimulated MSLN-CAR T cells (M28z) relative to 4–1BB-costimulated MSLN-CAR T cells (MBBz). Furthermore, CD28-costimulated MSLN CAR T cells displayed enhanced cytolytic capacity against tumor spheroids with heterogeneous MSLN expression compared to MBBz CAR T cells. In this study, we identified CAR-mediated trogocytosis as a potential impeding factor for successful MSLN-CAR T cell therapy due to fratricide killing and contributing to tumor antigen heterogeneity. Moreover, we link antigen-dependent upregulation of LAG-3 with reduced CAR T cell functionality. Taken together, our study highlights the therapeutic potential and bottlenecks of MSLN-CAR T cells, providing a rationale for combinatorial treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Renken
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Paula Hahn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Patient Area Head and Neck, Lung and Skin, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina L Wickström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Patient Area Head and Neck, Lung and Skin, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zeng W, Pan J, Fang Z, Jia J, Zhang R, He M, Zhong H, He J, Yang X, Shi Y, Zhong B, Zeng J, Fu B, Huang M, Liu H. A Novel PD-L1-Containing MSLN Targeting Vaccine for Lung Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925217. [PMID: 35795680 PMCID: PMC9251065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccines have become an important breakthrough in the treatment of various solid tumors including lung cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs)-based tumor vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) play a key role in immunotherapy and immunoprevention. However, the weak immunogenicity of TAAs and low immune response rates are a major challenge faced in the application of therapeutic tumor vaccines. Here, we tested whether targeting an attractive target Mesothelin (MSLN) and PD-L1 immune checkpoint molecule to DCs in vivo would elicit therapeutic antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. We generated specific MSLN fragment combined with PD-L1 and GM-CSF peptide immunogen (MSLN-PDL1-GMCSF) based on the novel anti-PD-L1 vaccination strategy we recently developed for the cancer treatment and prevention. We found that DCs loaded with MSLN-PDL1-GMCSF vaccine elicited much stronger endogenous anti-PD-L1 antibody and T cell responses in immunized mice and that antigen specific CTLs had cytolytic activities against tumor cells expressing both MSLN and PD-L1. We demonstrated that vaccination with MSLN-PDL1-GMCSF potently inhibited the tumor growth of MSLN+ and PD-L1+ lung cancer cells, exhibiting a significant therapeutic anti-tumor potential. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade further improved the synergistic antitumor therapeutic efficacy of MSLN-PDL1-GMCSF vaccine in immunized mice. In summary, our data demonstrated for the first time that this PD-L1-containing MSLN therapeutic vaccine can induce persistent anti-PD-L1 antibody and CTL responses, providing an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for lung cancer immunotherapy by combining MSLN-PDL1-GMCSF vaccine and PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiashan He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bishi Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maoping Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, ; Maoping Huang,
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, ; Maoping Huang,
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Gao S, Sugimura R. The Single-Cell Level Perspective of the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Remodeling by CAR-T Cells. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:275-285. [PMID: 35551664 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex milieu consisting of lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and multiple molecules, which play a key role in tumor progression and immunotherapy. TME is characterized by immune-suppressive features, which release anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and TGFβ to skew the T cells to a Th2 state as well to polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to an anti-inflammatory phenotype to curb the immunotherapy. Considering the heterogeneity of the TME and its role in determining response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, delineating TME at a single-cell level will provide useful information for cancer treatment. First, we discuss cellular and molecular features that curb the response to CAR-T cells, for example, high expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, LAG3) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, TGFb) that block CAR-T cell function. Then, we summarize how newly invented single-cell technologies such as spatial multi-omics would benefit the understanding of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we will further describe recent attempts of CAR-T to remodel TME by arming the CAR-T with anti-PD-1 single-chain variants or Th1 triggering cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-12) to remodel TME into a pro-inflammatory state. Herein, we review the single-cell-level signatures of TME and the strategies of CAR-T to remodel TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanxing Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Giordano G, Ferioli E, Tafuni A. The Role of Mesothelin Expression in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Impacts on Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092283. [PMID: 35565412 PMCID: PMC9103848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a protein expressed in the mesothelial cell lining of the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium; its biological functions in normal cells are still unknown. Experimental studies using knockout mice have suggested that this molecule does not play an important role in development and reproduction. In contrast, it has been observed that this molecule is produced in abnormal amounts in several malignant neoplasms, such as mesotheliomas and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Many molecular studies have also demonstrated that mesothelin is overexpressed in HSOCs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of mesothelin and focus on its role in clinical and pathological diagnoses, as well as its impact on the prognosis of HSOC. Moreover, regarding the binding of MSLN to the ovarian cancer antigen CA125, which has been demonstrated in many studies, we also report on signal transduction pathways that may play an important role in the spread and neoplastic progression of this lethal neoplasm. Given that mesothelin is overexpressed in many solid tumours and has antigenic properties, this molecule could be considered an antigenic target for the treatment of many malignancies. Consequently, we also review the literature to report on mesothelin-targeting therapies for HSOC that have been recently investigated in many clinical studies.
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HLA-DR Presentation of the Tumor Antigen MSLN Associates with Clinical Outcome of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092260. [PMID: 35565389 PMCID: PMC9101593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immunopeptidome represents the entirety of peptides that are presented on the surface of cells on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and are recognized by the T-cell receptors of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Malignant cells present tumor-associated antigens essential for tumor immune surveillance, which can be targeted by T-cell-based immunotherapy approaches. For ovarian carcinomas, various tumor-associated antigens, such as Mucin-16 and Mesothelin, have been described. The aim of our study is to analyze immunopeptidome-defined tumor antigen presentation in ovarian carcinoma patients in relation to clinical characteristics and disease outcomes to define potential biomarkers. Our work demonstrates the central role of HLA-DR-restricted peptide presentation of the tumor antigen Mesothelin and of CD4+ T-cell responses for tumor immune surveillance, and underlines Mesothelin as a prime target antigen for novel immunotherapeutic approaches for ovarian carcinoma patients. Abstract T-cell recognition of HLA-presented antigens is central for the immunological surveillance of malignant disease and key for the development of novel T-cell-based immunotherapy approaches. In recent years, large-scale immunopeptidome studies identified naturally presented tumor-associated antigens for several malignancies. Regarding ovarian carcinoma (OvCa), Mucin-16 (MUC16) and Mesothelin (MSLN) were recently described as the top HLA class I- and HLA class II-presented tumor antigens, respectively. Here, we investigate the role and impact of immunopeptidome-presented tumor antigens on the clinical outcomes of 39 OvCa patients with a follow-up time of up to 50 months after surgery. Patients with a HLA-restricted presentation of high numbers of different MSLN-derived peptides on their tumors exhibited significantly prolonged progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), whereas the presentation of MUC16-derived HLA class I-restricted peptides had no impact. Furthermore, a high HLA-DRB gene expression was associated with increased PFS and OS. In line, in silico prediction revealed that MSLN-derived HLA class II-presented peptides are predominantly presented on HLA-DR allotypes. In conclusion, the correlation of MSLN tumor antigen presentation and HLA-DRB gene expression with prolonged survival indicates a central role of CD4+ T-cell responses for tumor immune surveillance in OvCa, and highlights the importance of immunopeptidome-guided tumor antigen discovery.
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Cell-based immunotherapies in gynecologic cancers. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 34:10-14. [PMID: 34967809 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on recent developments in cell-based immunotherapy in gynecologic cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has made significant progress allowing now for not only expressing CARs on T-cells, but also on other immune effector cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages. Cell-based vaccines have started to show promising results in clinical trials. SUMMARY Cell-based immunotherapies in gynecologic cancers continue to evolve with promising clinical efficacy in select patients.
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Lee HH, Kim I, Kim UK, Choi SS, Kim TY, Lee D, Lee Y, Lee J, Jo J, Lee YT, Lee HJ, Kim SJ, Ahn JS. Therapeutic effiacy of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor derived from a mesothelin-specific scFv in orthotopic human pancreatic cancer animal models. Neoplasia 2021; 24:98-108. [PMID: 34954452 PMCID: PMC8718570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel CAR T cells targeting mesothelin (MSLN) expressed on pancreatic cancer cells were developed to overcome the limit of the clinical efficacy of CAR T cell therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. Optimal single-chain variable fragments (scFv) binding to MSLN were selected based on the binding activity and the functional effectiveness of various scFv containing CAR-expressing T cells. Engineered MSLN CAR T cells showed successful anti-tumor activity specific to MSLN expression level. Furthermore, MSLN CAR T cells were evaluated for the anti-cancer efficacy in orthotopic mouse models bearing pancreatic cancer cells, MIA Paca-2, MSLN-overexpressed MIA Paca-2 or endogenously MSLN-expressing AsPC-1. Mice were randomized into control, mock treated, MS501 BBz treated, MS501 28z treated or MS501 28BBz treated group. Mice were monitored by weekly IVIS imaging and tumors were harvested and analyzed by immunohistochemical analyses. MSLN CAR T cells produced the therapeutic effect in orthotopic animal models with complete remission in significant number of mice. Histopathological analysis indicated that CD4+ and CD8+ MSLN CAR T cells infiltrated pancreatic tumor tissue and led to cancer cell eradication. Our results demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of MSLN CAR T cell therapy against pancreatic cancer, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ho Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Kim
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Kyo Kim
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk San Choi
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yang Kim
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahea Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhui Jo
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Platbio, Inc, Platbio, Inc, #1501, Ace Gwanggyo Tower2, 91 Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Kim
- Platbio, Inc, Platbio, Inc, #1501, Ace Gwanggyo Tower2, 91 Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggido 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Ahn
- GC Cell, Inc, 107, Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 16924, Republic of Korea.
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