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Olivari A, Agnetti V, Garajová I. Focus on Therapeutic Options for Surgically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Based on Novel Biomarkers. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6462-6472. [PMID: 37504335 PMCID: PMC10378659 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains associated with a poor prognosis, even when diagnosed at an early stage. Consequently, it is imperative to carefully consider the available therapeutic options and tailor them based on clinically relevant biomarkers. In our comprehensive review, we specifically concentrated on the identification of novel predictive and prognostic markers that have the potential to be integrated into multiparametric scoring systems. These scoring systems aim to accurately predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resectable pancreatic cancer cases. By identifying robust predictive markers, we can enhance our ability to select patients who are most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, the identification of prognostic markers can provide valuable insights into the overall disease trajectory and inform treatment decisions. The development of multiparametric scoring systems that incorporate these markers holds great promise for optimizing the selection of patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leading to improved outcomes in resectable pancreatic neoplasia. Continued research efforts are needed to validate and refine these markers and scoring systems, ultimately advancing the field of personalized medicine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Olivari
- Medical Oncology Unit, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Virginia Agnetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Ingrid Garajová
- Medical Oncology Unit, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy
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2
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Firpo MA, Boucher KM, Bleicher J, Khanderao GD, Rosati A, Poruk KE, Kamal S, Marzullo L, De Marco M, Falco A, Genovese A, Adler JM, De Laurenzi V, Adler DG, Affolter KE, Garrido-Laguna I, Scaife CL, Turco MC, Mulvihill SJ. Multianalyte Serum Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2200160. [PMID: 36913644 PMCID: PMC10530881 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined whether a large, multianalyte panel of circulating biomarkers can improve detection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We defined a biologically relevant subspace of blood analytes on the basis of previous identification in premalignant lesions or early-stage PDAC and evaluated each in pilot studies. The 31 analytes that met minimum diagnostic accuracy were measured in serum of 837 subjects (461 healthy, 194 benign pancreatic disease, and 182 early-stage PDAC). We used machine learning to develop classification algorithms using the relationship between subjects on the basis of their changes across the predictors. Model performance was subsequently evaluated in an independent validation data set from 186 additional subjects. RESULTS A classification model was trained on 669 subjects (358 healthy, 159 benign, and 152 early-stage PDAC). Model evaluation on a hold-out test set of 168 subjects (103 healthy, 35 benign, and 30 early-stage PDAC) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.920 for classification of PDAC from non-PDAC (benign and healthy controls) and an AUC of 0.944 for PDAC versus healthy controls. The algorithm was then validated in 146 subsequent cases presenting with pancreatic disease (73 benign pancreatic disease and 73 early- and late-stage PDAC cases) and 40 healthy control subjects. The validation set yielded an AUC of 0.919 for classification of PDAC from non-PDAC and an AUC of 0.925 for PDAC versus healthy controls. CONCLUSION Individually weak serum biomarkers can be combined into a strong classification algorithm to develop a blood test to identify patients who may benefit from further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Firpo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kenneth M. Boucher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Josh Bleicher
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gayatri D. Khanderao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Katherine E. Poruk
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sama Kamal
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonia Falco
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Armando Genovese
- University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona,” Salerno, Italy
| | - Jessica M. Adler
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Biotechnology, University G d'Annunzio and CeSI-MeT, Chieti, Italy
| | - Douglas G. Adler
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kajsa E. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Courtney L. Scaife
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - M. Caterina Turco
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Sean J. Mulvihill
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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3
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Shoucair S, Chen J, Martinson JR, Habib JR, Kinny-Köster B, Pu N, van Oosten AF, Javed AA, Shin EJ, Ali SZ, Lafaro KJ, Wolfgang CL, He J, Yu J. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 Expression With Pathologic Response After Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:e221362. [PMID: 35612832 PMCID: PMC9134044 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance The use of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains controversial. A favorable pathologic response (complete or marked tumor regression) to NAT is associated with better outcomes in patients with resected PDAC. The role of NAT for early systemic control compared with immediate surgical resection for PDAC is under investigation. In the era of precision medicine, biomarkers for patient selection and prediction of therapy response are crucial. Objective To evaluate the use of assessment for protein expression on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens in predicting pathologic response to NAT in treatment-naive patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a single-institution prognostic study from a high-volume center for pancreatic cancer. All specimens were obtained between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, with a median (SE) follow-up of 20.2 (1.4) months. Analysis of the data was performed from October 1, 2019, to April 30, 2021. Targeted RNA sequencing of frozen FNA biopsy specimens from a discovery cohort of 23 patients was performed to identify genes with aberrant expression that was associated with patients' pathologic response to NAT. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on an additional 80 FNA biopsy specimens to assess expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) and its association with pathologic response. Receiver operating characteristic curves for prediction of favorable pathologic response were determined. Results In the discovery cohort (12 [52.1%] male; 3 [13.0%] Black and 20 [86.9%] White), RNA sequencing showed that lower MMP-7 expression was associated with favorable pathologic response (College of American Pathologists system scores of 0 [complete response] and 1 [marked response]). In the validation cohort (40 [50.0%] female; 9 [11.3%] Black and 71 [88.7%] White), patients with negative MMP-7 expression were significantly more likely to have a favorable pathologic response (odds ratio, 21.25; 95% CI, 6.19-72.95; P = .001). Receiver operating characteristic curves for prediction of favorable pathologic response from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modeling showed that MMP-7 expression increased the area under the curve from 0.726 to 0.906 (P < .001) even after stratifying by resectability status. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MMP-7 protein expression on FNA biopsy specimens in predicting unfavorable pathologic response (scores of 2 [partial response] or 3 [poor or no response]) were 88.2% and 73.9%, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Assessment of MMP-7 expression on FNA biopsy specimens at the time of diagnosis may help identify patients who would benefit the most from NAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Shoucair
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Joseph R. Habib
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benedict Kinny-Köster
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A. Floortje van Oosten
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center and St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht University, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Ammar A. Javed
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eun Ji Shin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Syed Z. Ali
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly J. Lafaro
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jin He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Meng N, Li Y, Jiang P, Bu X, Ding J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yu F, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xia L. A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Tumorigenic Role of Matrix Metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7) Across Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916907. [PMID: 35785154 PMCID: PMC9248742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown the oncogenic function of matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7) in various tumors. However, no systemic pan-cancer analysis on the association between MMP7 and different cancers based on big clinical data is available. TIMER2, GEPIA2, UALCAN, cBioPortal, String, Metascape, and other web databases were searched in the present study. Generally, MMP7 expression is significantly upregulated in most The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer types compared to the paired normal controls, yet is downregulated in tumor tissues of invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA), kidney chromophobe (KICH), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). MMP7 protein expression is notably higher in the primary tumor tissues of colon cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) than in normal tissues and is significantly lower in the primary tumor tissues of breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, MMP7 expression is strongly associated with pathological stages, clinical outcomes, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (TSI). Gene amplification was detected in most TCGA cancer types. In addition, the missense mutation is the primary type of MMP7 genetic alteration in tumors. Significant positive correlations between MMP7 expression and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated in most TCGA cancers. MMP7 expression was also found to be positively correlated with infiltration of dendritic cells and macrophages in some specific tumor types. Functional enrichment analysis by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology (GO) methods revealed that RNA processing and DNA damage checkpoints might reveal the pathogenetic mechanisms of MMP7. This pan-cancer analysis provides a clear panorama for the tumorigenic roles of MMP7 across different cancer types. Moreover, MMP7 could be a potential drug therapeutic target in such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaguang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Bu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jifei Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Leizhou Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Leizhou Xia,
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5
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Van Doren SR. MMP-7 marks severe pancreatic cancer and alters tumor cell signaling by proteolytic release of ectodomains. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:839-851. [PMID: 35343563 PMCID: PMC10443904 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer incurs the worst survival rate of the major cancers. High levels of the protease matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in circulation correlate with poor prognosis and limited survival of patients. MMP-7 is required for a key path of pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice and is present throughout tumor progression. Enhancements to chemotherapies are needed for increasing the number of pancreatic tumors that can be removed and for preventing relapses after surgery. With these ends in mind, selective inhibition of MMP-7 may be worth investigation. An anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody was recently shown to increase the susceptibility of several pancreatic cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutics, increase their apoptosis, and decrease their migration. MMP-7 activities are most apparent at the surfaces of innate immune, epithelial, and tumor cells. Proteolytic shedding of multiple protein ectodomains by MMP-7 from such cell surfaces influence apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. These activities warrant targeting of MMP-7 selectively in pancreatic cancer and other tumors of mucosal epithelia. Competitive and non-competitive modes of MMP-7 inhibition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Van Doren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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6
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Gopalan V, Singh A, Rashidi Mehrabadi F, Wang L, Ruppin E, Arda HE, Hannenhalli S. A Transcriptionally Distinct Subpopulation of Healthy Acinar Cells Exhibit Features of Pancreatic Progenitors and PDAC. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3958-3970. [PMID: 34049974 PMCID: PMC8338776 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors can originate either from acinar or ductal cells in the adult pancreas. We re-analyze multiple pancreas and PDAC single-cell RNA-seq datasets and find a subset of nonmalignant acinar cells, which we refer to as acinar edge (AE) cells, whose transcriptomes highly diverge from a typical acinar cell in each dataset. Genes upregulated among AE cells are enriched for transcriptomic signatures of pancreatic progenitors, acinar dedifferentiation, and several oncogenic programs. AE-upregulated genes are upregulated in human PDAC tumors, and consistently, their promoters are hypomethylated. High expression of these genes is associated with poor patient survival. The fraction of AE-like cells increases with age in healthy pancreatic tissue, which is not explained by clonal mutations, thus pointing to a nongenetic source of variation. The fraction of AE-like cells is also significantly higher in human pancreatitis samples. Finally, we find edge-like states in lung, liver, prostate, and colon tissues, suggesting that subpopulations of healthy cells across tissues can exist in pre-neoplastic states. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show "edge" epithelial cell states with oncogenic transcriptional activity in human organs without oncogenic mutations. In the pancreas, the fraction of acinar cells increases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Farid Rashidi Mehrabadi
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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7
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O'Neill RS, Stoita A. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4045-4087. [PMID: 34326612 PMCID: PMC8311531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale. The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis, partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. To combat this, there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma. Currently, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker. In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC, there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC. Currently, promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA (miRNA) in serum and circulating tumour cells. Both these modalities, although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice, possess merit in the early detection of PC. We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC (serum, urinary, salivary, faecal, pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S O'Neill
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alina Stoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
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Wang LL, Zhang B, Zheng MH, Xie YZ, Wang CJ, Jin JY. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis of a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor against Matrix Metalloproteinase- 7. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2459-2471. [PMID: 32703131 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200722104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. MMPs have reportedly shown great potentials in the degradation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), have shown great potentials in targeting bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs could provoke Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells and manipulate their signaling, adhesion, migration and invasion to promote cancer cell aggressiveness. Therefore, targeting and particularly inhibiting MMPs within the tumor microenvironment is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Based on this idea, different MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed to manipulate the tumor microenvironment towards conditions appropriate for the actions of antitumor agents. Studies are ongoing to improve the selectivity and specificity of MMPIs. Structural optimization has facilitated the discovery of selective inhibitors of the MMPs. However, so far no selective inhibitor for MMP-7 has been proposed. AIMS This study aims to comprehensively review the potentials and advances in applications of MMPs particularly MMP-7 in targeted cancer treatment approaches with the main focus on targeted drug delivery. Different targeting strategies for manipulating and inhibiting MMPs for the treatment of cancer are discussed. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. Different MMP subtypes have shown significant targeting applicability at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions in a variety of cancers. The expression of MMPs significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, which can be used for controlled release in cancers in advance stages. METHODS Moreover, this study presents the synthesis and characteristics of a new and highly selective inhibitor against MMP-7 and discusses its applications in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutics and diagnostics modalities. RESULTS Our findings showed that the structure of the inhibitor P3' side chains play the crucial role in developing an optimized MMP-7 inhibitor with high selectivity and significant degradation activities against ECM. CONCLUSION Optimized NDC can serve as a highly potent and selective inhibitor against MMP-7 following screening and optimization of the P3' side chains, with a Ki of 38.6 nM and an inhibitory selectivity of 575 of MMP-7 over MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Wang
- Centre of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154002, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Centre of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Xie
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China,College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154002, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jin
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China
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9
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Lindgaard SC, Sztupinszki Z, Maag E, Chen IM, Johansen AZ, Jensen BV, Bojesen SE, Nielsen DL, Hansen CP, Hasselby JP, Nielsen KR, Szallasi Z, Johansen JS. Circulating Protein Biomarkers for Use in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Identification. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2592-2603. [PMID: 33737308 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage where curative surgery is not an option. The aim of this study was to identify a panel of circulating proteins that could distinguish patients with PDAC from non-PDAC individuals. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated 92 proteins known to be involved in inflammation, development, and progression of PDAC using the Olink immuno-oncology panel in serum samples from 701 patients with PDAC (stage I-IV), 102 patients with nonmalignant pancreatic diseases, and 180 healthy blood donors. Patients were included prospectively between 2008 and 2018. Plasma carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was measured in all samples. The protein panels with the best diagnostic performances were developed by two bioinformaticians working independently, using LASSO and Ridge regression models. RESULTS Two panels of proteins (index I, containing 9 proteins + CA19-9, and index II, containing 23 proteins + CA19-9) were identified. Index I was able to discriminate patients with PDAC from all patients with non-PDAC, with a ROC AUC value of 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.96] in the discovery cohort and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.97) in the replication cohort. For index II, the AUC value was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98) in the discovery cohort and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.96) in the replication cohort. All nine serum proteins of index I were found in index II. CONCLUSIONS This study identified two circulating protein indices with the potential to discriminate between individuals with and without PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel C Lindgaard
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Inna M Chen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Astrid Z Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Benny V Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte L Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten P Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane P Hasselby
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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10
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Conformation-Specific Inhibitory Anti-MMP-7 Monoclonal Antibody Sensitizes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Chemotherapeutic Cell Kill. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071679. [PMID: 33918254 PMCID: PMC8038143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) undergo post-translational modifications including pro-domain shedding. The activated forms of these enzymes are effective drug targets, but generating potent biological inhibitors against them remains challenging. We report the generation of anti-MMP-7 inhibitory monoclonal antibody (GSM-192), using an alternating immunization strategy with an active site mimicry antigen and the activated enzyme. Our protocol yielded highly selective anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody, which specifically inhibits MMP-7's enzyme activity with high affinity (IC50 = 132 ± 10 nM). The atomic model of the MMP-7-GSM-192 Fab complex exhibited antibody binding to unique epitopes at the rim of the enzyme active site, sterically preventing entry of substrates into the catalytic cleft. In human PDAC biopsies, tissue staining with GSM-192 showed characteristic spatial distribution of activated MMP-7. Treatment with GSM-192 in vitro induced apoptosis via stabilization of cell surface Fas ligand and retarded cell migration. Co-treatment with GSM-192 and chemotherapeutics, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin elicited a synergistic effect. Our data illustrate the advantage of precisely targeting catalytic MMP-7 mediated disease specific activity.
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11
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Liao HY, Da CM, Liao B, Zhang HH. Roles of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in cancer. Clin Biochem 2021; 92:9-18. [PMID: 33713636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a small proteolytic enzyme that secretes zinc and calcium endopeptidases. It can degrade a variety of extracellular matrix substrates and other substrates and plays important regulatory roles in many human pathophysiological processes. Since its discovery, MMP-7 has been recognized as a regulatory protein in wound healing, bone growth, and remodeling. Later, MMP-7 was reported to regulate the occurrence and development of cancers and mediate the proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of several types of cancer cells via various mechanisms. Thus, matrix metalloproteinase-7 may be a promising tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. The expression of MMP-7 correlates with the clinical characteristics of cancer patients, and its expression profile is a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for a variety of human diseases. Hence, manipulating the expression or function of MMP-7 may be a potential treatment strategy for different diseases including cancers. This review summarizes the role played by MMP-7 in carcinogenesis of several human cancers, underlying mechanisms, and its clinical significance of the occurrence and development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Chao-Ming Da
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Bei Liao
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 1 Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Yuan S, Wang L, Guan X. Joint Entropy-Assisted Graphene Oxide-Based Multiplexing Biosensing Platform for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Proteases. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15042-15049. [PMID: 33118812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited clinical utility of individual biomarkers, there is growing recognition of the need for combining multiple biomarkers as a panel to improve the accuracy and efficacy of disease diagnosis and prognosis. The conventional method to detect multiple analyte species is to construct a sensor array, which consists of an array of individual selective probes for different species. In this work, by using cancer biomarker matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) as model analytes and functionalized nanographene oxide (nGO) as a sensing element, we developed a multiplexing fluorescence sensor in a nonarray format for simultaneous measurement of the activities of multiple proteases. The constructed nGO-based biosensor was rapid, sensitive, and selective and was also utilized for the successful profiling of ADAMs/MMPs in simulated serum samples. Furthermore, we showed that joint entropy and programming could be utilized to guide experiment design, especially in terms of the selection of a subset of proteases from the entire MMPs/ADAMs family as an appropriate biomarker panel. Our developed nGO-based multiplex sensing platform should find useful application in early cancer detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Shaoqing Yuan
- Amazon, 2121 Seventh Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98121, United States
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Xiyun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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13
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Kaczorowska A, Miękus N, Stefanowicz J, Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska E. Selected Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-7) and Their Inhibitor (TIMP-2) in Adult and Pediatric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080547. [PMID: 32751899 PMCID: PMC7460349 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of numerous biologically relevant elements. One of the most important components of the TME is the extracellular matrix (ECM). The compounds of the ECM create a network that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. The most important substances involved in the regulation of the ECM degradation process are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMPs). The disruption of the physiological balance between MMP activation and deactivation could lead to progression of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, fibrosis arthritis, chronic tissue ulcers, pathologies of the nervous system (such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease), periodontitis, and atheroma. MMP-TIMP imbalance results in matrix proteolysis associated with various pathological processes such as tumor invasion. The present review discusses the involvement of two MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-7, in cancer pathogenesis. These two MMPs have been proven in several studies, conducted mostly on adults, to make an important contribution to cancer development and progression. In the current review, several studies that indicate the importance of MMP-TIMP balance determination for the pediatric population are also highlighted. The authors of this review believe that carrying out biochemical and clinical studies focused on metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumors in children will be of great relevance for future patient diagnosis, determination of a prognosis, and monitoring of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kaczorowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (E.A.-D.)
- University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Stefanowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (E.A.-D.)
- University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Street 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-28-08
| | - Elżbieta Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (E.A.-D.)
- University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Slapak EJ, Duitman J, Tekin C, Bijlsma MF, Spek CA. Matrix Metalloproteases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Key Drivers of Disease Progression? BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040080. [PMID: 32325664 PMCID: PMC7235986 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disorder that is histologically characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma around the tumor cells. As the extracellular matrix comprises the bulk of the stroma, matrix degrading proteases may play an important role in pancreatic cancer. It has been suggested that matrix metalloproteases are key drivers of both tumor growth and metastasis during pancreatic cancer progression. Based upon this notion, changes in matrix metalloprotease expression levels are often considered surrogate markers for pancreatic cancer progression and/or treatment response. Indeed, reduced matrix metalloprotease levels upon treatment (either pharmacological or due to genetic ablation) are considered as proof of the anti-tumorigenic potential of the mediator under study. In the current review, we aim to establish whether matrix metalloproteases indeed drive pancreatic cancer progression and whether decreased matrix metalloprotease levels in experimental settings are therefore indicative of treatment response. After a systematic review of the studies focusing on matrix metalloproteases in pancreatic cancer, we conclude that the available literature is not as convincing as expected and that, although individual matrix metalloproteases may contribute to pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis, this does not support the generalized notion that matrix metalloproteases drive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne J. Slapak
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.J.S.); (J.D.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - JanWillem Duitman
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.J.S.); (J.D.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Cansu Tekin
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.J.S.); (J.D.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Arnold Spek
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.J.S.); (J.D.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Qian L, Li Q, Baryeh K, Qiu W, Li K, Zhang J, Yu Q, Xu D, Liu W, Brand RE, Zhang X, Chen W, Liu G. Biosensors for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: a review. Transl Res 2019; 213:67-89. [PMID: 31442419 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by extremely high mortality and poor prognosis and is projected to be the leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. Due to the lack of early symptoms and appropriate methods to detect pancreatic carcinoma at an early stage as well as its aggressive progression, the disease is often quite advanced by the time a definite diagnosis is established. The 5-year relative survival rate for all stages is approximately 8%. Therefore, detection of pancreatic cancer at an early surgically resectable stage is the key to decrease mortality and to improve survival. The traditional methods for diagnosing pancreatic cancer involve an imaging test, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, paired with a biopsy of the mass in question. These methods are often expensive, time consuming, and require trained professionals to use the instruments and analyze the imaging. To overcome these issues, biosensors have been proposed as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The present review critically discusses the latest developments in biosensors for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Protein and microRNA biomarkers of pancreatic cancer and corresponding biosensors for pancreatic cancer diagnosis have been reviewed, and all these cases demonstrate that the emerging biosensors are becoming an increasingly relevant alternative to traditional techniques. In addition, we discuss the existing problems in biosensors and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Qian
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kwaku Baryeh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Wanwei Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qingcai Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wenju Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Randall E Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China; School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota.
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16
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Qian B, Wei L, Yang Z, He Q, Chen H, Wang A, Yang D, Li Q, Li J, Zheng S, Fu W. Hic-5 in pancreatic stellate cells affects proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and postoperative survival time of pancreatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109355. [PMID: 31683179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 7%. The prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer are largely limited by the extent of tumor invasion and the presence of lymph node and distant metastases. Therefore, exploring the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) is extremely important for the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Current studies have shown that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) regulate the biological behavior of PCCs, such as their proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration, by remodeling the extracellular matrix. Though Hic-5 is an important gene in PSCs, no study has investigated the regulation of PCCs by Hic-5. Here, we demonstrate that Hic-5 expression is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and that siRNA transfection can effectively inhibit Hic-5 expression. Compared to the control group, Hic-5 inhibition significantly reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and reduced invasion and migration of PCCs. Moreover, the inhibition of Hic-5 expression simultaneously reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. Statistical analysis revealed that Hic-5 expression was higher among the pancreatic cancer group than among the normal group and was negatively correlated with postoperative survival time among patients with pancreatic cancer. These results have important clinical significance for further exploring the molecular mechanism involved in Hic-5-mediated invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and ameliorating the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongqiu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ankang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dayin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Wu H, Guo JC, Yang SH, Tien YW, Kuo SH. Postoperative Imaging and Tumor Marker Surveillance in Resected Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1115. [PMID: 31357636 PMCID: PMC6722558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a catastrophic disease with high recurrence and death rates, even in early stages. Early detection and early treatment improve survival in many cancer types but have not yet been clearly documented to do so in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we assessed the benefit on survival resulting from different patterns of surveillance in daily practice after curative surgery of early pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had received curative surgery between January 2000 and December 2013 at our institute were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into one of four groups, based on surveillance strategy: the symptom group, the imaging group, the marker group (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and/or carcinoembryonic antigen), and the intense group (both imaging and tumor marker assessment). Overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and post-recurrence overall survival (PROS) were evaluated. Results: One hundred and eighty-one patients with documented recurrence or metastasis were included in our analysis. The median OS for patients in the symptom group, imaging group, marker group, and intense group were 21.4 months, 13.9 months, 20.5 months, and 16.5 months, respectively (p = 0.670). Surveillance with imaging, tumor markers, or both was not an independent risk factor for OS in univariate and multivariate analyses. There was no significant difference in median RFS (symptom group, 11.7 months; imaging group, 6.3 months; marker group, 9.3 months; intense group, 6.9 months; p = 0.259) or median PROS (symptom group, 6.9 months; imaging group, 7.5 months; marker group, 5.0 months; intense group, 7.8 months; p = 0.953) between the four groups. Multivariate analyses identified poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) (≥1), primary tumor site (tail), and tumor grade (poor differentiation) were poor prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: Surveillance with regular imaging, tumor marker, or both was not an independent risk factor for OS of pancreatic cancer patients who undergo curative tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Wu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Cyuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Roy R, Morad G, Jedinak A, Moses MA. Metalloproteinases and their roles in human cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1557-1572. [PMID: 31168956 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely appreciated that members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes play a key role in cancer development and progression along with many of the hallmarks associated with them. The activity of these enzymes has been directly implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling, the processing of growth factors and receptors, the modulation of cell migration, proliferation, and invasion, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, the regulation of immune responses, and the control of angiogenesis. Certain MMP family members have been validated as biomarkers of a variety of human cancers including those of the breast, brain, pancreas, prostate, ovary, and others. The related metalloproteinases, the A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), share a number of these functions as well. Here, we explore these essential metalloproteinases and some of their disease-associated activities in detail as well as some of their complementary translational potential. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Golnaz Morad
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrej Jedinak
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marsha A Moses
- The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Lakkakula BVKS, Farran B, Lakkakula S, Peela S, Yarla NS, Bramhachari PV, Kamal MA, Saddala MS, Nagaraju GP. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and pancreatic cancer—Trials and troubles. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:149-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Banaei N, Moshfegh J, Mohseni-Kabir A, Houghton JM, Sun Y, Kim B. Machine learning algorithms enhance the specificity of cancer biomarker detection using SERS-based immunoassays in microfluidic chips. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1859-1868. [PMID: 35516124 PMCID: PMC9059745 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Specificity is a challenge in liquid biopsy and early diagnosis of various diseases. There are only a few biomarkers that have been approved for use in cancer diagnostics; however, these biomarkers suffer from a lack of high specificity. Moreover, determining the exact type of disorder for patients with positive liquid biopsy tests is difficult, especially when the aberrant expression of one single biomarker can be found in various other disorders. In this study, a SERS-based protein biomarker detection platform in a microfluidic chip and two machine learning algorithms (K-nearest neighbor and classification tree) are used to improve the reproducibility and specificity of the SERS-based liquid biopsy assay. Applying machine learning algorithms to the analysis of the expression level data of 5 protein biomarkers (CA19-9, HE4, MUC4, MMP7, and mesothelin) in pancreatic cancer patients, ovarian cancer patients, pancreatitis patients, and healthy individuals improves the chance of recognition for one specific disorder among the aforementioned diseases with overlapping protein biomarker changes. Our results demonstrate a convenient but highly specific approach for cancer diagnostics using serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Banaei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | - Javad Moshfegh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | | | - Jean Marie Houghton
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | - Byung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
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21
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MacDonald A, Priess M, Curran J, Guess J, Farutin V, Oosterom I, Chu CL, Cochran E, Zhang L, Getchell K, Lolkema M, Schultes BC, Krause S. Necuparanib, A Multitargeting Heparan Sulfate Mimetic, Targets Tumor and Stromal Compartments in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:245-256. [PMID: 30401693 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an abysmal 5-year survival rate of 8%, making it a deadly disease with a need for novel therapies. Here we describe a multitargeting heparin-based mimetic, necuparanib, and its antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic cancer. Necuparanib reduced tumor cell proliferation and invasion in a three-dimensional (3D) culture model; in vivo, it extended survival and reduced metastasis. Furthermore, proteomic analysis demonstrated that necuparanib altered the expression levels of multiple proteins involved in cancer-driving pathways including organ development, angiogenesis, proliferation, genomic stability, cellular energetics, and invasion and metastasis. One protein family known to be involved in invasion and metastasis and altered by necuparanib treatment was the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) family. Necuparanib reduced metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) protein levels and was found to increase RNA expression of TIMP3. MMP enzymatic activity was also found to be reduced in the 3D model. Finally, we confirmed necuparanib's in vivo activity by analyzing plasma samples of patients enrolled in a phase I/II study in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer; treatment with necuparanib plus standard of care significantly increased TIMP3 plasma protein levels. Together, these results demonstrate necuparanib acts as a broad multitargeting therapeutic with in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive and antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jamey Guess
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ilse Oosterom
- Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chia Lin Chu
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lynn Zhang
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Martijn Lolkema
- Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silva Krause
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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22
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Lertudomphonwanit C, Mourya R, Fei L, Zhang Y, Gutta S, Yang L, Bove KE, Shivakumar P, Bezerra JA. Large-scale proteomics identifies MMP-7 as a sentinel of epithelial injury and of biliary atresia. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/417/eaan8462. [PMID: 29167395 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biliary atresia is a progressive infantile cholangiopathy of complex pathogenesis. Although early diagnosis and surgery are the best predictors of treatment response, current diagnostic approaches are imprecise and time-consuming. We used large-scale, quantitative serum proteomics at the time of diagnosis of biliary atresia and other cholestatic syndromes (serving as disease controls) to identify biomarkers of disease. In a discovery cohort of 70 subjects, the lead biomarker was matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), which retained high distinguishing features for biliary atresia in two validation cohorts. Notably, the diagnostic performance reached 95% when MMP-7 was combined with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a marker of cholestasis. Using human tissue and an experimental model of biliary atresia, we found that MMP-7 is primarily expressed by cholangiocytes, released upon epithelial injury, and promotes the experimental disease phenotype. Thus, we propose that serum MMP-7 (alone or in combination with GGT) is a diagnostic biomarker for biliary atresia and may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatmanee Lertudomphonwanit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Reena Mourya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA
| | - Sridevi Gutta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kevin E Bove
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA
| | - Pranavkumar Shivakumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA
| | - Jorge A Bezerra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3031, USA.
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23
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Yang M, Zhang C, Zhang MZ, Zhang S. Beta-defensin derived cationic antimicrobial peptides with potent killing activity against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:54. [PMID: 29871599 PMCID: PMC5989455 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian β-defensins (AvBD) are cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, chemotactic property, and low host cytotoxicity. However, their bactericidal activity is greatly compromised under physiological salt concentrations which limits the use of these peptides as therapeutic agents. The length and the complex structure involving three conserved disulfide bridges are additional drawbacks associated with high production cost. In the present study, short linear CAMPs (11 to 25 a.a. residues) were developed based on the key functional components of AvBDs with additional modifications. Their biological functions were characterized. Results CAMP-t1 contained the CCR2 binding domain (N-terminal loop and adjacent α-helix) of AvBD-12 whereas CAMP-t2 comprised the key a.a. residues responsible for the concentrated positive surface charge and hydrophobicity of AvBD-6. Both CAMP-t1 and CAMP-t2 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. However, CAMP-t1 failed to show chemotactic activity and CAMP-t2, although superior in killing Staphylococcus spp., remained sensitive to salts. Using an integrated design approach, CAMP-t2 was further modified to yield CAMP-A and CAMP-B which possessed the following characteristics: α-helical structure with positively and negatively charged residues aligned on the opposite side of the helix, lack of protease cutting sites, C-terminal poly-Trp tail, N-terminal acetylation, and C-terminal amidation. Both CAMP-A and CAMP-B demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains. These peptides were resistant to major proteases and fully active at physiological concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2. The peptides were minimally cytotoxic to avian and murine cells and their therapeutic index was moderate (≥ 4.5). Conclusions An integrated design approach can be used to develop short and potent antimicrobial peptides, such as CAMP-A and CAMP-B. The advantageous characteristics, including structural simplicity, resistance to salts and proteases, potent antimicrobial activity, rapid membrane attacking mode, and moderate therapeutic index, suggest that CAMP-A and CAMP-B are excellent candidates for development as therapeutic agents against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael Z Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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24
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Banaei N, Foley A, Houghton JM, Sun Y, Kim B. Multiplex detection of pancreatic cancer biomarkers using a SERS-based immunoassay. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:455101. [PMID: 28937361 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8e8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is critical to reduce the mortality rate of this disease. Current biological analysis approaches cannot robustly detect several low abundance PC biomarkers in sera, limiting the clinical application of these biomarkers. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay are two common platforms for detection of biomarkers; however, they suffer from some limitation. This study demonstrates a novel system for multiplex detection of pancreatic biomarkers CA19-9, MMP7 and MUC4 in sera samples with high sensitivity using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Measuring the levels of these biomarkers in PC patients, pancreatitis patients, and healthy individuals reveals the unique expression pattern of these markers in PC patients, suggesting the great potential of using this approach for early diagnostics of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Banaei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
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25
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Meng Q, Shi S, Liang C, Liang D, Xu W, Ji S, Zhang B, Ni Q, Xu J, Yu X. Diagnostic and prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4591-4598. [PMID: 28979147 PMCID: PMC5608082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s145708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is one of the most widely used tumor markers and is increased in 30%–60% of patients with pancreatic cancer. Although carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is the most important serum biomarker in pancreatic cancer, the diagnostic and prognostic value of CEA is gradually being recognized. Materials and methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for related literature published until January 2017. Diagnostic accuracy variables were pooled using the Meta-Disc software. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for prognostic data were calculated and analyzed using Stata software. Results A total of 3,650 participants enrolled in 19 studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of a CEA-based panel were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–0.50), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86–0.91), 5.39 (95% CI, 3.16–9.18), and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.41–0.72), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC, 0.90) and Q-value (0.84) of the CEA-based panel indicated a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared with CEA or CA19-9 alone. Moreover, there was also a significant association between high levels of CEA and worse overall survival (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.31–1.56). Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that elevated serum CEA level, as a vital supplementary to CA19-9, can play an important role in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer patients and predict poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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26
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Jiang C, Wang J, Dong C, Wei W, Li J, Li X. Membranous type matrix metalloproteinase 16 induces human prostate cancer metastasis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3096-3102. [PMID: 28927056 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes, which perform a crucial role in the metastatic spread of cancer. MMP2 and MMP9 are important cancer-associated MMPs in the invasion and metastasis of the majority of carcinomas. As a new member of the membrane-type MMPs, the function of MMP16 associated with invasion and metastasis of cancer remains unclear. In the present study, MMP16 expression in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and cells was examined, and the high expression of MMP16 was revealed to be associated with advanced prostate tumor stage and PCa cell metastasis. The membrane localization of MMP16 is required for its function. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that MMP16 is associated with advanced prostate tumor stage. As an important mediator of PCa cell metastasis, the membrane localization of MMP16 is required, and MMP16 may be an ideal target candidate for preventing PCa cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwa Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Juanjing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Chen Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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27
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Anajafi T, Yu J, Sedigh A, Haldar MK, Muhonen WW, Oberlander S, Wasness H, Froberg J, Molla MS, Katti KS, Choi Y, Shabb JB, Srivastava DK, Mallik S. Nuclear Localizing Peptide-Conjugated, Redox-Sensitive Polymersomes for Delivering Curcumin and Doxorubicin to Pancreatic Cancer Microtumors. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1916-1928. [PMID: 28493710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Improving the therapeutic index of anticancer agents is an enormous challenge. Targeting decreases the side effects of the therapeutic agents by delivering the drugs to the intended destination. Nanocarriers containing the nuclear localizing peptide sequences (NLS) translocate to the cell nuclei. However, the nuclear localization peptides are nonselective and cannot distinguish the malignant cells from the healthy counterparts. In this study, we designed a "masked" NLS peptide which is activated only in the presence of overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) enzyme in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. This peptide is conjugated to the surface of redox responsive polymersomes to deliver doxorubicin and curcumin to the pancreatic cancer cell nucleus. We have tested the formulation in both two- and three-dimensional cultures of pancreatic cancer and normal cells. Our studies revealed that the drug-encapsulated polymeric vesicles are significantly more toxic toward the cancer cells (shrinking the spheroids up to 49%) compared to the normal cells (shrinking the spheroids up to 24%). This study can lead to the development of other organelle targeted drug delivery systems for various human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wallace W Muhonen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John B Shabb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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28
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Isaacson KJ, Martin Jensen M, Subrahmanyam NB, Ghandehari H. Matrix-metalloproteinases as targets for controlled delivery in cancer: An analysis of upregulation and expression. J Control Release 2017; 259:62-75. [PMID: 28153760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While commonly known for degradation of the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit broad potential for use in targeting of bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. A comprehensive analysis of published literature on expression of all MMP subtypes at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in normal and diseased tissues indicate targeting applicability in a variety of cancers. This expression significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, providing an improved opportunity for controlled release in higher-stage patients. Since MMPs are integral at every stage of metastasis, MMP roles in cancer are discussed with a focus on MMP distribution and mobility within cells and tumors for cancer targeting applications. Several strategies for MMP utilization in targeting - such as matrix degradation, MMP cleavage, MMP binding, and MMP-induced environmental changes - are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nithya B Subrahmanyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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29
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Nambiar J, Bose C, Venugopal M, Banerji A, Patel TB, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Anacardic acid inhibits gelatinases through the regulation of Spry2, MMP-14, EMMPRIN and RECK. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:139-151. [PMID: 27737732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies from our laboratory have identified Anacardic acid (AA) as a potent inhibitor of gelatinases (MMP-2 and 9), which are over-expressed in a wide variety of cancers (Omanakuttan et al., 2012). Disruption of the finely tuned matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activator/inhibitor balance plays a decisive role in determining the fate of the cell. The present study demonstrates for the first time, that in addition to regulating the expression as well as activity of gelatinases, AA also inhibits the expression of its endogenous activators like MMP-14 and Extracellular Matrix MetalloProteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) and induces the expression of its endogenous inhibitor, REversion-inducing Cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK). In addition to modulating gelatinases, AA also inhibits the expression of various components of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) pathway like EGF, Protein Kinase B (Akt) and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Furthermore, AA also activates the expression of Sprouty 2 (Spry2), a negative regulator of EGF pathway, and silencing Spry2 results in up-regulation of expression of gelatinases as well as MMP-14. The present study thus elucidates a novel mechanism of action of AA and provides a strong basis for utilizing this molecule as a template for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Nambiar
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Chinchu Bose
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Meera Venugopal
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Asoke Banerji
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Tarun B Patel
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, Kerala, India.
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30
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Honda K, Srivastava S. Potential usefulness of apolipoprotein A2 isoforms for screening and risk stratification of pancreatic cancer. Biomark Med 2016; 10:1197-1207. [PMID: 27673558 PMCID: PMC5493967 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the low incidence of pancreatic cancer in the general population, screening of pancreatic cancer in the general population using invasive modalities is not feasible. Combination of invasive screening with noninvasive biomarkers for pancreatic cancer and its precancerous lesions has the potential to reduce mortality due to pancreatic cancer. In this review, we focus on biomarkers found in the blood that can indicate early-stage pancreatic cancer, and we discuss current strategies for screening for pancreatic cancer. We recently identified a unique alteration in apolipoprotein A2 isoforms in pancreatic cancer and its precancerous lesions, and we describe its clinical usefulness as a potential biomarker for the early detection and risk stratification of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Honda
- Division of Chemotherapy & Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research & Development (AMED) CREST, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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31
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Nukarinen E, Lindström O, Kuuliala K, Kylänpää L, Pettilä V, Puolakkainen P, Kuuliala A, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Repo H, Hästbacka J. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases -7, -8 and -9 and TIMP -1 with Disease Severity in Acute Pancreatitis. A Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161480. [PMID: 27561093 PMCID: PMC4999158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several biomarkers for early detection of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have been presented. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are released early in inflammation. We aimed to assess levels of MMP-7, -8, -9 and TIMP-1 in acute pancreatitis (AP) and explore their ability to detect disease severity. Our second aim was to find an association between MMPs, TIMP and creatinine. Methods We collected plasma samples for MMP-7, -8, -9 and TIMP-1 analyses from 176 patients presenting within 96 h from onset of acute pancreatitis (AP) symptoms. We used samples from 32 control subjects as comparison. The revised Atlanta Classification was utilised to assess severity of disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Spearman´s Rho-test were utilised for statistical calculations. Results Compared with controls, patients showed higher levels of all studied markers. MMP-8 was higher in moderately severe AP than in mild AP (p = 0.005) and MMP-8, -9 and TIMP-1 were higher in severe than in mild AP (p<0.001, p = 0.005 and p = 0.019). MMP-8 detected SAP with an AUC of 0.939 [95% CI 0.894–0.984], LR+ 9.03 [5.30–15.39]. MMP-8, -9 and TIMP-1 failed to discern moderately severe AP from SAP. MMP-7 was not different between patient groups. MMP-7 and TIMP-1 correlated weakly with creatinine (Rho = 0.221 and 0.243). MMP-8 might be a useful biomarker in early detection of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Nukarinen
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Outi Lindström
- Department of GI Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kylänpää
- Department of GI Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- Department of GI Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Repo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Su SB, Qin SY, Chen W, Luo W, Jiang HX. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4323-4333. [PMID: 25892884 PMCID: PMC4394095 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the utility of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) for differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
METHODS: We searched the literature for studies reporting the sensitivity, specificity, and other accuracy measures of serum CA19-9 levels for differentiating pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Pooled analysis was performed using random-effects models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Study quality was assessed using Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy and Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy tools.
RESULTS: A total of 34 studies involving 3125 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 2061 patients with chronic pancreatitis were included. Pooled analysis of the ability of CA19-9 level to differentiate pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis showed the following effect estimates: sensitivity, 0.81 (95%CI: 0.80-0.83); specificity, 0.81 (95%CI: 0.79-0.82); positive likelihood ratio, 4.08 (95%CI: 3.39-4.91); negative likelihood ratio, 0.24 (95%CI: 0.21-0.28); and diagnostic odds ratio, 19.31 (95%CI: 14.40-25.90). The area under the ROC curve was 0.88. No significant publication bias was detected.
CONCLUSION: Elevated CA19-9 by itself is insufficient for differentiating pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis, however, it increases suspicion of pancreatic carcinoma and may complement other clinical findings to improve diagnostic accuracy.
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Abstract
Even with improved cancer care generally, the incidence and death rate is increasing for pancreatic cancer. Concern exists that a further increase in deaths caused by pancreatic cancer will be seen as other causes of death, such as heart disease and other cancers, decline. Critical exploration of screening high-risk patients as a tool to reduce deaths from pancreatic cancer should be considered. Technological advances and improved understanding of pancreatic cancer biology provides an opportunity to identify and test a panel of early detection biomarkers easily, accurately, and inexpensively measured in blood, urine, stool, or saliva samples. These biomarkers may have additional usefulness in staging, stratification for treatment, establishing prognosis, and assessing response to therapy in this disease. Screening may prove to be one of several strategies to improve outcomes in a disease that has otherwise been difficult to defeat.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States, with 5-year survival rates for patients with resectable tumors ranging from 15% to 20%. However, most patients presenting with distant metastases, are not resectable, and have a 5-year survival rate of close to 0%. This demonstrates a need for improved screening to identify pancreatic cancer while the tumor is still localized and amenable to surgical resection. Studies of patients with pancreatic tumors incidentally diagnosed demonstrate longer median survival than tumors discovered only when the patient is symptomatic, suggesting that early detection may improve outcome. Recent evidence from genomic sequencing indicates a 15-year interval for genetic progression of pancreatic cancer from initiation to the metastatic stage, suggesting a sufficient window for early detection. Still, many challenges remain in implementing effective screening. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer relies on developing screening methodologies with highly sensitive and specific biomarkers and imaging modalities. It also depends on a better understanding of the risk factors and natural history of the disease to accurately identify high-risk groups that would be best served by screening. This review summarizes our current understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer relevant to methods available for screening. At this time, given the lack of proven benefit in this disease, screening efforts should probably be undertaken in the context of prospective trials.
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Vihinen P, Ala-Aho R, Kähäri VM. Diagnostic and prognostic role of matrix metalloproteases in cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:1025-39. [PMID: 23495924 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.9.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are key players in the progression and metastasis of cancer. MMPs cleave extracellular matrix components and in this way promote tumor growth, invasion and vascularization. MMPs also affect tumor progression by regulating availability and activity of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Accordingly, several MMPs have been found to serve as prognostic indicators in solid tumors. Usually the increased levels of MMPs in patients' tumor tissue or serum/plasma are associated with poor outcome. Interestingly, recent results show that certain MMPs also serve as tumor suppressors. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the latest view on MMPs as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in cancer patients. METHODS Studies with clinical samples of 70 or more patients are included in particular. In addition, the possible roles of MMPs in future molecular diagnostics and in the evaluation of therapeutic responses are discussed. CONCLUSION MMP-9 in particular has shown prognostic value in various types of tumor, and its measurement in circulation, urine or tumor tissue might help in clinical surveillance of otherwise problematic patient cases. There is upcoming new knowledge on MMPs in therapy response evaluation, in which MMPs might be useful together with CT scans and other clinically more established prognostic factors. Certain MMPs have a dual role in terms of cancer-modulating properties and thus it is essential to evaluate their expression and function in tumor cells and host environment to select validated therapy targets but spare MMP antitargets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Vihinen
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, POB 52, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland +358 2 313 0804 ; +358 2 313 2809 ;
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Reindel R, Baker SC, Kim KY, Rowley CA, Shulman ST, Orenstein JM, Perlman EJ, Lingen MW, Rowley AH. Integrins α4 and αM, collagen1A1, and matrix metalloproteinase 7 are upregulated in acute Kawasaki disease vasculopathy. Pediatr Res 2013; 73:332-6. [PMID: 23344661 PMCID: PMC3595104 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) can result in fatal coronary artery (CA) aneurysms, especially if left untreated. Our recent studies of its vascular pathology revealed subacute/chronic vasculitis that begins early in the illness with the proliferation of smooth muscle cell-derived myofibroblasts in a complex extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that a dysregulation of specific ECM and adhesion molecules occurs in KD CAs. METHODS Gene expression profiling for ECM and adhesion molecules was performed on six acute KD and eight control CAs using a targeted real-time PCR array approach. RESULTS Integrins α4 and αM (ITGA4, ITGAM), collagen type I, α1 (COL1A1), and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) were significantly upregulated in KD CAs as compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry with anti-ITGAM antibodies revealed expression on inflammatory cells within the CA wall in patients with KD but not in controls. CONCLUSION Integrins ITGA4 and ITGAM are upregulated in KD vasculopathy, probably promoting inflammatory recruitment that stimulates smooth muscle cell transition to myofibroblasts and their proliferation. MMP7 probably enhances myofibroblast proliferation and luminal lesion expansion, and overexpression of COL1A1 may lead to CA stenosis. Identification of the molecular pathogenesis of KD vasculopathy may lead to the development of circulating biomarkers and to directed therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reindel
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan C. Baker
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Chicago, IL
| | - Kwang-Youn Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Carol A. Rowley
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Chicago, IL
| | - Stanford T. Shulman
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jan M. Orenstein
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth J. Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark W. Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Anne H. Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Granger JH, Granger MC, Firpo MA, Mulvihill SJ, Porter MD. Toward development of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based cancer diagnostic immunoassay panel. Analyst 2013; 138:410-6. [PMID: 23150876 PMCID: PMC3519366 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analyses of readily obtained human fluids (e.g., serum, urine, and saliva) indicate that the diagnosis of complex diseases will be enhanced by the simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers from such samples. This paper describes the development of a nanoparticle-based multiplexed platform that has the potential for simultaneous read-out of large numbers of biomolecules. For this purpose, we have chosen pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) as a test bed for diagnosis and prognosis. PA is a devastating form of cancer in which an estimated 86% of diagnoses resulted in death in the United States in 2010. The high mortality rate is due, in part, to the asymptomatic development of the disease and the dearth of sensitive diagnostics available for early detection. One promising route lies in the development of a serum biomarker panel that can generate a signature unique to early stage PA. We describe the design and development of a proof-of-concept PA biomarker immunoassay array coupled with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a sensitive readout method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Granger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Gironella M, Castells A, Bujanda L. Molecular markers in pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 418:22-9. [PMID: 23305796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a fatal neoplasia with a high mortality rate. Effective early detection methods are needed since this is the best way to cure this disease. During the last several years, many investigations focused on determining relevant biomarkers that may be present during early stages of pancreatic tumor development. Although several biomarkers have been proposed for pancreatic cancer detection, the clinical applicability has been confusing. Currently, although CA19-9 is one test used, the sensitivity and specificity for the disease are less than optimal. Here, we review several new potential serum, plasma and stool markers that are currently under evaluation. Although these have not been sufficiently validated for routine clinical use, these markers could prove valuable with further investigations. We keep the hope that a combination of some of these novel biomarkers can be a useful tool for early PDAC diagnosis before image techniques and/or patient's symptoms reveal disease in an incurable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herreros-Villanueva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
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Bhat K, Wang F, Ma Q, Li Q, Mallik S, Hsieh TC, Wu E. Advances in biomarker research for pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:2439-51. [PMID: 22372502 PMCID: PMC3408036 DOI: 10.2174/13816128112092439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in United States. The lack of early symptoms results in latestage detection and a high mortality rate. Currently, the only potentially curative approach for PC is surgical resection, which is often unsuccessful because the invasive and metastatic nature of the tumor masses makes their complete removal difficult. Consequently, patients suffer relapses from remaining cancer stem cells or drug resistance that eventually lead to death. To improve the survival rate, the early detection of PC is critical. Current biomarker research in PC indicates that a serum carbohydrate antigen, CA 19-9, is the only available biomarker with approximately 90% specificity to PC. However, the efficacy of CA 19-9 for assessing prognosis and monitoring patients with PC remains contentious. Thus, advances in technology and the detection of new biomarkers with high specificity to PC are needed to reduce the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Fengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Tze-chen Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Makawita S, Smith C, Batruch I, Zheng Y, Rückert F, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Gallinger S, Diamandis EP. Integrated proteomic profiling of cell line conditioned media and pancreatic juice for the identification of pancreatic cancer biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M111.008599. [PMID: 21653254 PMCID: PMC3205865 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.008599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, for which serological biomarkers are urgently needed. Most discovery-phase studies focus on the use of one biological source for analysis. The present study details the combined mining of pancreatic cancer-related cell line conditioned media and pancreatic juice for identification of putative diagnostic leads. Using strong cation exchange chromatography, followed by LC-MS/MS on an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, we extensively characterized the proteomes of conditioned media from six pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPc3, MIA-PaCa2, PANC1, CAPAN1, CFPAC1, and SU.86.86), the normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE, and two pools of six pancreatic juice samples from ductal adenocarcinoma patients. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. Between 1261 and 2171 proteins were identified with two or more peptides in each of the cell lines, and an average of 521 proteins were identified in the pancreatic juice pools. In total, 3479 nonredundant proteins were identified with high confidence, of which ∼ 40% were extracellular or cell membrane-bound based on Genome Ontology classifications. Three strategies were employed for identification of candidate biomarkers: (1) examination of differential protein expression between the cancer and normal cell lines using label-free protein quantification, (2) integrative analysis, focusing on the overlap of proteins among the multiple biological fluids, and (3) tissue specificity analysis through mining of publically available databases. Preliminary verification of anterior gradient homolog 2, syncollin, olfactomedin-4, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and collagen alpha-1(VI) chain in plasma samples from pancreatic cancer patients and healthy controls using ELISA, showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) of these proteins in plasma from pancreatic cancer patients. The combination of these five proteins showed an improved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to CA19.9 alone. Further validation of these proteins is warranted, as is the investigation of the remaining group of candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Makawita
- From the ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- §Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Smith
- §Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- ¶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yingye Zheng
- ‖The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Felix Rückert
- **Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- **Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- **Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven Gallinger
- ‡‡Zane Cohen Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry and Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- From the ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- §Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ¶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yang Y, Adelstein SJ, Kassis AI. Integrated bioinformatics analysis for cancer target identification. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 719:527-45. [PMID: 21370101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-027-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The exponential growth of high-throughput Omics data has provided an unprecedented opportunity for new target identification to fuel the dried-up drug discovery pipeline. However, the bioinformatics analysis of large amount and heterogeneous Omics data has posed a great deal of technical challenges for experimentalists who lack statistical skills. Moreover, due to the complexity of human diseases, it is essential to analyze the Omics data in the context of molecular networks to detect meaningful biological targets and understand disease processes. Here, we describe an integrated bioinformatics analysis strategy and provide a running example to identify suitable targets for our in-house Enzyme-Mediated Cancer Imaging and Therapy (EMCIT) technology. In addition, we go through a few key concepts in the process, including corrected false discovery rate (FDR), Gene Ontology (GO), pathway analysis, and tissue specificity. We also describe popular programs and databases which allow the convenient annotation and network analysis of Omics data. We provide a practical guideline for researchers to quickly follow the protocol described and identify those targets that are pertinent to their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen R, Crispin DA, Pan S, Hawley S, McIntosh MW, May D, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Bronner MP, Brentnall TA. Pilot study of blood biomarker candidates for detection of pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2010; 39:981-8. [PMID: 20467349 PMCID: PMC4060618 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181dac920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomarkers that detect pancreatic cancer at earlier stages could improve the outcome of this deadly disease. METHODS We investigated a dozen biomarker candidates for their potential as pancreatic cancer blood biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Among them, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor and osteopontin blood tests were nearly perfect in distinguishing pancreatic cancer cases from healthy controls (100% and 95% sensitivity, respectively, at 100% specificity). Five biomarker candidates were then tested on an expanded set of diseased controls, which included sera from patients with pancreatitis. The sensitivity dropped significantly for all 5 candidate markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that biomarker candidates could fail in various steps of biomarker development. Earlier knowledge of candidate biomarker flaws could lead to strategies to overcome the flaw or alternatively lead to earlier termination of biomarkers that are prone to failure in the later phases of validation testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Worthley DL, Giraud AS, Wang TC. The extracellular matrix in digestive cancer. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2010; 3:177-85. [PMID: 21209783 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-010-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular components of the cancer microenvironment play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression and invasion. In this review we examine the normal formation and function of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. We characterize the interactions between the matrix and the epithelium and explore the causes and consequences of the extracellular remodeling that accompanies carcinogenesis. Finally, we address the therapeutic possibilities of incorporating matrix as well as epithelial strategies in the management of digestive cancer.
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Dalbec KM, Max Schmidt C, Wade TE, Wang S, Swartz-Basile DA, Pitt HA, Zyromski NJ. Adipokines and cytokines in human pancreatic juice: unraveling the local pancreatic inflammatory milieu. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:2108-12. [PMID: 19757043 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential adipokine expression in obesity influences the inflammatory milieu, and may explain in part obesity's negative impact on pancreatic disease. Pancreatic juice analysis may provide a good means to evaluate the local pancreatic inflammatory milieu. The presence of adipokines in pancreatic juice is unknown. AIMS This proof-of-concept study was designed to determine the presence of adipokines and cytokines in human pancreatic juice. METHODS With institutional review board approval, pancreatic juice was obtained from ten patients with a broad range of diagnoses at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Pancreatic juice was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for insulin, the proinflammatory adipokine leptin, the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin, and the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Correlation between adipokine and inflammatory mediator expression was determined by linear regression analysis. Data are presented as mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM); P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Leptin (0.16 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) and adiponectin (0.63 +/- 0.02 microg/ml) were both present, as were the inflammatory mediators IL-6 (112.6 +/- 28.1 pg/ml), TNF-alpha (49.0 +/- 18.8 pg/ml), and MCP-1 (32.2 +/- 0.9 pg/ml). Paradoxically, the expression of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin correlated strongly with that of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 (R(2) = 0.98, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to describe adipokine expression in human pancreatic juice. Human pancreatic juice inflammatory mediators and adipokines may provide an important measurement of the local pancreatic inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Dalbec
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Jaboin JJ, Hwang M, Lopater Z, Chen H, Ray GL, Perez C, Cai Q, Wills ML, Lu B. The matrix metalloproteinase-7 polymorphism rs10895304 is associated with increased recurrence risk in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 79:1330-5. [PMID: 20605361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether selected high-risk matrix metalloproteinase-7 single nucleotide polymorphisms influence clinicopathologic outcomes in patients with early-stage prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two hundred twelve prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy were evaluated with a median follow-up of 9.8 years. Genotyping was performed using hybridization with custom-designed allele-specific probes. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms within the matrix metalloproteinase-7 gene were assessed with respect to age at diagnosis, margin status, extracapsular extension, lymph node involvement, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival in paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens from patients with early-stage prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. RESULTS Rs10895304 was the sole significant polymorphism. The A/G genotype of rs10895304 had a statistically significant association with recurrence-free survival in postprostatectomy patients (p = 0.0061, log-rank test). The frequency of the risk-reducing genotype (A/A) was 74%, whereas that of the risk-enhancing genotypes (A/G and G/G) were 20% and 6%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analyses detected a significant association between rs10895304 and recurrences after adjustment for known prognostic factors. The G allele of this polymorphism was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence (adjusted hazards ratio, 3.375; 95% confidence interval 1.567-7.269; p < 0.001). The other assayed polymorphisms were not significant, and no correlations were made to other clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS The A/G genotype of rs10895304 is predictive of decreased recurrence-free survival in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Our data suggest that for this subset of patients, prostatectomy alone may not be adequate for local control. This is a novel and relevant marker that should be evaluated for improved risk stratification of patients who may be candidates for adjuvant radiation therapy to improve local control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Jaboin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Roy R, Yang J, Moses MA. Matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [PMID: 19738110 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes is comprised of critically important extracellular matrix remodeling proteases whose activity has been implicated in a number of key normal and pathologic processes. The latter include tumor growth, progression, and metastasis as well as the dysregulated angiogenesis that is associated with these events. As a result, these proteases have come to represent important therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment and detection of human cancers. In this review, we summarize the literature that establishes these enzymes as important clinical targets, discuss the complexity surrounding their choice as such, and chronicle the development strategies and outcomes of their clinical testing to date. The status of the MMP inhibitors currently in US Food and Drug Administration approved clinical trials is presented and reviewed. We also discuss the more recent and successful targeting of this enzyme family as diagnostic and prognostic predictors of human cancer, its status, and its stage. This analysis includes a wide variety of human cancers and a number of human sample types including tissue, plasma, serum, and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- Program in Vascular Biology and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Roy R, Yang J, Moses MA. Matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5287-97. [PMID: 19738110 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.23.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes is comprised of critically important extracellular matrix remodeling proteases whose activity has been implicated in a number of key normal and pathologic processes. The latter include tumor growth, progression, and metastasis as well as the dysregulated angiogenesis that is associated with these events. As a result, these proteases have come to represent important therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment and detection of human cancers. In this review, we summarize the literature that establishes these enzymes as important clinical targets, discuss the complexity surrounding their choice as such, and chronicle the development strategies and outcomes of their clinical testing to date. The status of the MMP inhibitors currently in US Food and Drug Administration approved clinical trials is presented and reviewed. We also discuss the more recent and successful targeting of this enzyme family as diagnostic and prognostic predictors of human cancer, its status, and its stage. This analysis includes a wide variety of human cancers and a number of human sample types including tissue, plasma, serum, and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- Program in Vascular Biology and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Roy R, Yang J, Moses MA. Matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [PMID: 19738110 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes is comprised of critically important extracellular matrix remodeling proteases whose activity has been implicated in a number of key normal and pathologic processes. The latter include tumor growth, progression, and metastasis as well as the dysregulated angiogenesis that is associated with these events. As a result, these proteases have come to represent important therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment and detection of human cancers. In this review, we summarize the literature that establishes these enzymes as important clinical targets, discuss the complexity surrounding their choice as such, and chronicle the development strategies and outcomes of their clinical testing to date. The status of the MMP inhibitors currently in US Food and Drug Administration approved clinical trials is presented and reviewed. We also discuss the more recent and successful targeting of this enzyme family as diagnostic and prognostic predictors of human cancer, its status, and its stage. This analysis includes a wide variety of human cancers and a number of human sample types including tissue, plasma, serum, and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- Program in Vascular Biology and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Firpo MA, Gay DZ, Granger SR, Scaife CL, DiSario JA, Boucher KM, Mulvihill SJ. Improved diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma using haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in a panel screen. World J Surg 2009; 33:716-22. [PMID: 19082654 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely, accurate diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is hampered by the lack of effective circulating biomarkers. No single test has emerged that improves upon the commonly used biomarker cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) to discriminate PA from benign conditions effectively. The goals of this study were to validate two acute-phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA), as biomarkers for PA and determine if the combination of haptoglobin, SAA, and CA 19-9 would improve PA diagnosis over CA 19-9 alone. METHODS Levels of haptoglobin, SAA, and CA 19-9 were measured in pretreatment sera from 75 PA patients, 32 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 42 patients with other benign pancreatic disease or biliary stricture, and 150 healthy control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or colorimetric binding assay. Relative levels of haptoglobin or SAA were compared between groups using analysis of variance. The diagnostic accuracy of serum haptoglobin and SAA levels were investigated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Using classification tree analysis, an algorithm was developed that used haptoglobin, SAA, and CA 19-9 in a diagnostic screening panel. RESULTS Both haptoglobin and SAA were significantly elevated in sera from PA patients compared to healthy control subjects (p<0.0001) and patients with chronic pancreatitis (p=0.01). Haptoglobin was significantly elevated in sera from PA patients relative to patients with other benign diseases (p=0.0015), whereas SAA fell short of significance in the same comparison (p=0.0508). ROC analysis indicated that haptoglobin [area under the curve (AUC)=0.792] was a better diagnostic marker than SAA (AUC=0.691) over multiple threshold cutoffs. Using specific cutoffs that minimized overall misclassification, haptoglobin yielded a sensitivity of 82.7% and a specificity of 71.1%, and SAA yielded a sensitivity of 34.7% and a specificity of 90.2% when discriminating PA cases from all non-PA controls. In the same sample set, CA 19-9 yielded a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 91.1%. Combining data from haptoglobin, SAA, and CA 19-9 in a diagnostic screening panel improved the overall accuracy when compared to CA 19-9 alone, yielding a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 95.5%. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that haptoglobin and SAA are useful for discriminating PA from benign conditions as well as healthy controls when used in a diagnostic screening panel. This study supports the use of combined biomarkers for improved accuracy in the diagnosis of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Firpo
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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