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Wu Z, Liu C, Ma Z, Li Z, Wang S, Chen Y, Han M, Huang S, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Hou B. A hierarchical prognostic model for Co-diabetes pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21642. [PMID: 38027595 PMCID: PMC10663840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Co-diabetes pancreatic adenocarcinoma has a poorer prognosis than pancreatic adenocarcinoma without diabetes. This study aimed to develop a reliable prognostic model for patients with co-diabetes pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Method Overall, 169 patients with co-diabetes pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included in our study. First, the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with co-diabetes pancreatic adenocarcinoma were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Based on these identified risk factors, we developed a nomogram and evaluated its predictive ability using the concordance index, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, decision curve, and net reclassification index. Results In this study, prealbumin, transferrin, carcinoembryonic antigen, distant metastasis, tumor differentiation neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and fasting blood glucose were confirmed as significant prognostic factors. Based on these predictors, a new nomogram was developed. Compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8 staging system and other models, the nomogram achieved a higher concordance index in the training (0.795) and validation (0.729) queues. The area under the nomogram's curve for predicting patient survival at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 years in the training queue was >0.8. Patients were risk-stratified using the nomogram, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves of subgroups were plotted. The Kaplan-Meier curve also showed better separation than the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8 staging system, indicating that our model has a better risk hierarchical ability. Conclusions Compared to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8 staging system and other predictive models, our model showed better predictive ability for patients with co-diabetes pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our model will help in patients' risk stratification and improves their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Zuyi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhenchong Li
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and Preclinical Models, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shujie Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Yubin Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Mingqian Han
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of General Surgery, Hui Ya Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516081, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 51000, China
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Wang X, Zou A, Zhang J, Gao G, Shan W, Li J, Liu X. High expression of HILPDA is an adverse prognostic prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33145. [PMID: 36862910 PMCID: PMC9981432 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a malignant tumor arising from hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, which is one of the common malignancies worldwide. Better identification of liver cancer biomarkers has become one of the current challenges. Although hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated (HILPDA) has been reported to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of human solid cancers, it has rarely been reported in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma; therefore, in this paper, RNA sequencing data from TCGA were used to analyze the expression of HILPDA and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, functional enrichment analysis of HILPDA-associated DEGs was performed by GO/KEGG, GSEA, immune cell infiltration analysis and protein-protein interaction network. The clinical significance of HILPDA in LIHC was calculated by Kaplan-Meier Cox regression and prognostic nomogram models. R package was used to analyze the combined studies. Thus, HILPDA was highly expressed in various malignancies, including LIHC, compared with normal samples, and high HILPDA expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < .05). Cox regression analysis showed high HILPDA to be an independent prognostic factor; age and cytogenetic risk were included in the nomogram prognostic model. A total of 1294 DEGs were identified between the high and low expression groups, of which 1169 had upregulated gene expression and 125 had downregulated gene expression. Overall, high expression of HILPDA is a potential biomarker for poor outcome in LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Aoshuang Zou
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhe Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Guochuan Gao
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Shan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Liu, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China (e-mail: )
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Kumar S, Santos RJ, McGuigan AJ, Singh U, Johnson P, Kunzmann AT, Turkington RC. The Role of Circulating Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers in the Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1090-1102. [PMID: 34810209 PMCID: PMC9377754 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, and this is attributed to it being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Understanding the pathways involved in initial development may improve early detection strategies. This systematic review assessed the association between circulating protein and metabolite biomarkers and PDAC development. METHODS A literature search until August 2020 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed. Studies were included if they assessed circulating blood, urine, or salivary biomarkers and their association with PDAC risk. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled relative risk. RESULTS A total of 65 studies were included. Higher levels of glucose were found to be positively associated with risk of developing PDAC [n = 4 studies; pooled relative risk (RR): 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16-2.22]. Additionally, an inverse association was seen with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) levels (n = 4 studies; RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44-0.87). Meta-analyses showed no association between levels of C-peptide, members of the insulin growth factor signaling pathway, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and folate/homocysteine and PDAC risk. Four individual studies also reported a suggestive positive association of branched-chain amino acids with PDAC risk, but due to differences in measures reported, a meta-analysis could not be performed. CONCLUSIONS Our pooled analysis demonstrates that higher serum glucose levels and lower levels of PLP are associated with risk of PDAC. IMPACT Glucose and PLP levels are associated with PDAC risk. More prospective studies are required to identify biomarkers for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumar
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph J. Santos
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McGuigan
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Urvashi Singh
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Johnson
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Turkington
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Ye ZM, Li LJ, Luo MB, Qing HY, Zheng JH, Zhang C, Lu YX, Tang YM. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25256-25274. [PMID: 33226370 PMCID: PMC7803556 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. We searched PubMed, Network Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases up to January 2020 for studies on PC risk-associated SNPs. We identified 45 case-control studies (36,360 PC patients and 54,752 non-cancer individuals) relating to investigations of 27 genes and 54 SNPs for this meta-analysis. Direct meta-analysis followed by network meta-analysis and Thakkinstian algorithm analysis showed that homozygous genetic models for CTLA-4 rs231775 (OR =0.326; 95% CI: 0.218-0.488) and VDR rs2228570 (OR = 1.976; 95% CI: 1.496-2.611) and additive gene model for TP53 rs9895829 (OR = 1.231; 95% CI: 1.143-1.326) were significantly associated with PC risk. TP53 rs9895829 was the most optimal SNP for diagnosing PC susceptibility with a false positive report probability < 0.2 at a stringent prior probability value of 0.00001. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TP53 rs9895829, VDR rs2228570, and CTLA-4 rs231775 are significantly associated with PC risk. We also demonstrate that TP53 rs9895829 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for estimating PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Miao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China.,Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- The First Clinical Faculty of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530222, China
| | - Ming-Bo Luo
- Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Qing
- Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - You-Ming Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Radhakrishnan VK, Ravichandran K, Eke C, Ortiz-Vicil A, Tan Q, León MD, León DDD. Methylation of a newly identified region of the INS-IGF2 gene determines IGF2 expression in breast cancer tumors and in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3904-3920. [PMID: 33216823 PMCID: PMC7646830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF2 is essential in breast differentiation, lactation, tumor growth, and in breast cancer (BC) development and progression. This growth factor also inhibits apoptosis and promotes metastasis and chemoresistance, contributing to more aggressive tumors. We previously demonstrated that IGF2 protein levels are higher in BC tissues from African American women than in Caucasian women. We also showed that high IGF2 protein levels are expressed in normal breast tissues of African American women while little or no IGF2 was detected in tissues from Caucasian women. Others showed that decreased DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene leads to different BC clinical features. Thus, we designed this study to determine if differentially methylated regions of the IGF2 gene correspond to IGF2 protein expression in paired (Normal/Tumor) breast tissues and in BC cell lines. Methylation analysis was performed using Sodium Bisulphite Analysis and Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme digestion methods. Our results show that a unique site in the INS-IGF2 region is hypermethylated in normal breast and hypomethylated in breast cancer. We designated this region the DVDMR. Furthermore, the methylation levels in the DVDMR significantly correlated with IGF2 protein levels. This novel DMR consists of 257bp localized in the INS-IGF2 gene. We propose that methylation of DVDMR represents a novel epigenetic biomarker that determines the levels of IGF2 protein expression in breast cancer. Since IGF2 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance, we propose that IGF2 levels contribute to BC aggressiveness. Validation of IGF2 as a biomarker will improve diagnosis and treatment of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kameswaran Ravichandran
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chibuzo Eke
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Amanda Ortiz-Vicil
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Qianwei Tan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Marino De León
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Daisy D De León
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Kim NH, Chang Y, Lee SR, Ryu S, Kim HJ. Glycemic Status, Insulin Resistance, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in Individuals With and Without Diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1840-1848. [PMID: 33156103 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of glycemic status and insulin resistance on the risk of pancreatic cancer in the nondiabetic population remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the association of glycemic status and insulin resistance with pancreatic cancer mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. METHODS This is a cohort study of 572,021 Korean adults without cancer at baseline, who participated in repeat screening examinations which included fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin, and were followed for a median of 8.4 years (interquartile range, 5.3 -13.2 years). Vital status and pancreatic cancer mortality were ascertained through linkage to national death records. RESULTS During 5,211,294 person-years of follow-up, 260 deaths from pancreatic cancer were identified, with a mortality rate of 5.0 per 10 person-years. In the overall population, the risk of pancreatic cancer mortality increased with increasing levels of glucose and hemoglobin A1c in a dose-response manner, and this association was observed even in individuals without diabetes. In nondiabetic individuals without previously diagnosed or screen-detected diabetes, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia were positively associated with increased pancreatic cancer mortality. Specifically, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) for pancreatic cancer mortality comparing the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ≥75th percentile to the <75th percentile was 1.49 (1.08-2.05), and the corresponding hazard ratio comparing the insulin ≥75th percentile to the <75th percentile was 1.43 (1.05-1.95). These associations remained significant when introducing changes in insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates. DISCUSSION Glycemic status, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia, even in individuals without diabetes, were independently associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryol Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mizuno S, Nakai Y, Ishigaki K, Saito K, Oyama H, Hamada T, Suzuki Y, Inokuma A, Kanai S, Noguchi K, Sato T, Hakuta R, Saito T, Takahara N, Kogure H, Isayama H, Koike K. Screening Strategy of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080572. [PMID: 32784500 PMCID: PMC7460163 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PCa) is increasing worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Screening for high risk populations is fundamental to overcome this intractable malignancy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classically known as a risk factor for PCa. Recently the reverse causality is in the spotlight, that is to say, DM is considered to be a manifestation of PCa. Numbers of epidemiological studies clarified that new-onset DM (≤2-year duration) was predominant in PCa patients and the relative risk for PCa inversely correlated with duration of DM. Among patients with new-onset DM, elder onset, weight loss, and rapid exacerbation of glycemic control were reported to be promising risk factors and signs, and the model was developed by combining these factors. Several pilot studies disclosed the possible utility of biomarkers to discriminate PCa-associated DM from type 2 DM. However, there is no reliable biomarkers to be used in the practice. We previously reported the application of a multivariate index for PCa based on the profile of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) among diabetic patients. We are further investigating on the PFAA profile of PCa-associated DM, and it can be useful for developing the novel biomarker in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3815-5411; Fax: +81-3-5800-8812
| | - Kazunaga Ishigaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hiroki Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Yukari Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Akiyuki Inokuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Sachiko Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kensaku Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Ryunosuke Hakuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Naminatsu Takahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hirofumi Kogure
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.M.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.N.); (T.S.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.T.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
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Gupta MK, Sarojamma V, Vadde R. Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer: A Bidirectional Relationship Perspective. EXPLORING PANCREATIC METABOLISM AND MALIGNANCY 2019:35-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9393-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with cancer risk. However, the conclusions of the relevant studies are not consistent. The present meta-analysis evaluates the relationship between IGF1 gene 3'-UTR polymorphisms (rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220) and cancer risk. METHODS Articles regarding the relationship between IGF1 rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220 polymorphisms and cancer risk were selected by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases before April 30, 2018. Altogether, we obtained 34 case-controlled studies from 20 articles, including 21,568 cases and 31,199 controls. The strength of associations was quantified using odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In the present meta-analysis, no significant associations were detected between rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220 and overall cancer risk. Thus, in stratified analyses, we found that rs6214 was associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer under the allele, heterozygote, and dominant models (A vs G: OR, 0.94, 95% CI,0.88-1.00, P = .044; GA vs GG: OR, 0.88, 95% CI, 0.80-0.97, P = .012; AA + GA vs GG: OR, 0.89, 95% CI, 0.81-0.97, P = .011), as well as pancreatic cancer under the recessive model (AA vs GA + GG: OR, 0.68, 95% CI,0.53-0.87, P = .003). Also, rs6220 was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer under the homozygote model (GG vs AA: OR, 1.23, 95% CI, 1.02-1.48, P = .031). In addition, rs6220 was found to increase overall cancer risk among Caucasians under the allele model (G vs A: OR, 1.06, 95% CI, 1.00-1.13, P = .043). CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, we investigated and reviewed the relationship between IGF1 gene 3'-UTR polymorphisms (rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220) and cancer risk based on present epidemiological studies. Further studies are needed to draw more precise conclusions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Yue Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Desai D, Rao D, Sukrithan V, Weinstein E, Goyal A, Schubart U. Pancreatic Cancer Heralded by Worsening Glycemic Control: A Report of Two Cases. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634594 PMCID: PMC5468763 DOI: 10.1177/2324709617714286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Since it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, its prognosis remains poor. The initial presentation varies according to the tumor location. The most common presenting signs are weight loss, jaundice, and pain. Several epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies over the past 2 decades have shown that long-standing diabetes is a modest risk factor for pancreatic cancer. However, new-onset diabetes has also been observed to be an early manifestation of pancreatic cancer. We report 2 cases where worsening glycemic control led to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devika Rao
- Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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He JR, Lai YM, Liu HH, Liu GJ, Li WD, Fan XJ, Wei XL, Xia XY, Kuang YS, Liu XD, Chen NN, Lu JH, Chen QZ, Mai WB, Xia HM, Qiu X. Maternal IGF1 and IGF1R polymorphisms and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31. [PMID: 28213921 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway was involved in the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), but little is known regarding the relationship between genetic variations in IGF pathway and the risk of SPTB. We aimed to investigate the associations of IGF1 rs972936 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) rs2229765 polymorphisms with SPTB risk in a Chinese population. METHOD A total of 114 cases of SPTB and 250 controls of term delivery were included from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS We found that the GA and GA/AA genotypes of IGF1 rs972936 were associated with an increased risk of SPTB, and the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.74 (1.01-3.02) and 1.75 (1.04-2.93) respectively. Women carrying GA and GA/AA genotypes of IGF1R rs2229765 had a reduced risk compared to those with the GG genotype (0.60 [0.37-0.98] and 0.64 [0.40-1.00] respectively). There were significant interactions between IGF1 rs972936 and GDM status (P for interaction=.02), as well as between IGF1R rs2229765 and pre-pregnancy BMI (P for interaction <.001) on the risk of SPTB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that polymorphisms of IGF1 rs972936 and IGF1R rs2229765 were associated with the risk of SPTB in Chinese pregnant women and these effects depend on the maternal metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mian Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Jian Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Fan
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ling Wei
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Shu Kuang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian-Nian Chen
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Zhu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bi Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancerogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:78-104. [PMID: 28528692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family components in carcinogenesis of several human tumors is based on numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies, experiments in vivo and in vitro and on attempts at application of drugs affecting the IGF axis. Investigative hypotheses in original studies were based on biological functions manifested by the entire family of IGF (ligands, receptors, linking proteins, adaptor molecules). In the context of carcinogenesis the most important functions of IGF family involve intensification of proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis and effect on cell transformation through synthesis of several regulatory proteins. IGF axis controls survival and influences on metastases of cells. Interactions of IGF axis components may be of a direct or indirect nature. The direct effects are linked to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in which the initiating role is first of all played by IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Activity of this signaling pathway leads to an increased mitogenesis, cell cycle progression, and protection against different apoptotic stresses. Indirect effects of the axis depend on interactions between IGF and other molecules important for cancer etiology (e.g. sex hormones, products of suppressor genes, viruses, and other GFs) and the style of life (nutrition, physical activity). From the clinical point of view, components of IGF system are first of all considered as diagnostic serous and/or tissue biomarkers of a given cancer, prognostic factors and attractive target of modern anti-tumor therapies. Several mechanisms in which IGF system components act in the process of carcinogenesis need to be clarified, mainly due to multifactorial etiology of the neoplasms. Pin-pointing of the role played in carcinogenesis by any single signaling pathway remains particularly difficult. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data of several epidemiological studies, experiments in vitro and on animal models, to increase our understanding of the complex role of IGF family components in the most common human cancers.
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Medical conditions, family history of cancer, and the risk of biliary tract cancers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 2016:252-7. [PMID: 26350180 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scanty data exist on the role of personal medical conditions, except for gallstones, and family history of cancer on the risk of biliary tract cancers (BTC). METHODS We analyzed this issue using data from two Italian case-control studies, including 159 cases of BTC and 795 matched hospital controls. Odds ratios (ORs) of BTC and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Gallstones were associated with a 2-fold excess risk of BTC (95% CI 1.24-3.45). No significant associations were observed with other conditions investigated, including diabetes (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.63-2.11), hypertension (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39-1.11), hyperlipidemia (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.31-1.21), allergy (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.29-1.40), gastroduodenal ulcer (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.24-1.12), hepatitis (OR 2.02, 95% CI 0.35-11.67), benign thyroid diseases (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.56-2.40), hysterectomy (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.53-2.68), unilateral oophorectomy (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.44-6.93), and bilateral oophorectomy (OR 2.48, 95% CI 0.79-7.82). We found an excess risk of BTC in relation to family history of any cancer (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03-2.24) and family history of gallbladder cancer (OR 3.83, 95% CI 0.59-24.75). CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms a strong association between BTC and history of gallstones, and provides further evidence of a positive association with family history of cancer.
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Jansen RJ, Tan XL, Petersen GM. Gene-by-Environment Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer: Implications for Prevention. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 88:115-26. [PMID: 26029010 PMCID: PMC4445433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been estimated to have higher incidence and correspondingly higher mortality rates in more developed regions worldwide. Overall, the age-adjusted incidence rate is 4.9/10(5) and age-adjusted mortality rate is at 4.8/10(5). We review here our current knowledge of modifiable risk factors (cigarette smoking, obesity, diet, and alcohol) for PC, genetic variants implicated by genome-wide association studies, possible genetic interactions with risk factors, and prevention strategies to provide future research directions that may further our understanding of this complex disease. Cigarette smoking is consistently associated with a two-fold increased PC risk. PC associations with dietary intake have been largely inconsistent, with the potential exception of certain unsaturated fatty acids decreasing risk and well-done red meat or meat mutagens increasing risk. There is strong evidence to support that obesity (and related measures) increase risk of PC. Only the heaviest alcohol drinkers seem to be at an increased risk of PC. Currently, key prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Screening technologies and PC chemoprevention are likely to become more sophisticated, but may only apply to those at high risk. Risk stratification may be improved by taking into account gene environment interactions. Research on these modifiable risk factors is key to reducing the incidence of PC and understanding who in the population can be considered high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J. Jansen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Rick Jansen, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Rm N101D, MC2000, Chicago, IL 60637;
| | - Xiang-Lin Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Gloria M. Petersen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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miR-615-5p is epigenetically inactivated and functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:1629-40. [PMID: 24769899 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly invasive cancer with a poor prognosis. Although microRNA (miRNA) transcripts have a crucial role in carcinogenesis and development, little information is known regarding the aberrant DNA methylation of miRNAs in PDAC. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-chip analysis, we found that miR-615-5p was hypermethylated in its putative promoter region, which silenced its expression in PDAC cell lines. In addition, the overexpression of miR-615-5p in pancreatic cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is an imprinted gene, and its abnormal expression contributes to tumor growth. Here, we identified IGF2 as a target of miR-615-5p using a luciferase reporter assay. IGF2 upregulation in PDAC tissues was not correlated with a loss of imprinting but was inversely correlated with miR-615-5p downregulation. In addition, miR-615-5p suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting IGF2, and this effect could be reversed by co-transfection with IGF2. Furthermore, the stable overexpression of miR-615-5p inhibited tumor growth in vivo and was correlated with IGF2 expression. Using RNA sequencing, we further identified miR-615-5p as potentially targeting other genes, such as the proto-oncogene JUNB, and interfering with the insulin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-615-5p was abnormally downregulated in PDAC cells due to promoter hypermethylation, which limited its inhibition of IGF2 and other target genes, thereby contributing to tumor growth, invasion and migration. These data demonstrate a novel and important role of miR-615-5p as a tumor suppressor in PDAC.
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Wu Q, He XD, Yu L, Liu W, Tao LY. The metabolic syndrome and risk factors for biliary tract cancer: a case-control study in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1963-9. [PMID: 22901155 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent data show that the metabolic syndrome may play a role in several cancers, but the etiology for biliary tract cancer is incompletely defined. The present aim was to evaluate risk factors for biliary tract cancer in China. METHODS A case-control study in which cases were biliary tract cancer patients referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Controls were randomly selected from an existing database of healthy individuals at the Health Screening Center of PUMCH. Data on the metabolic syndrome, liver diseases, family history, and history of diabetes and hypertension were collected by retrospective review of the patients' records and health examination reports or by interview. RESULTS A total of 281 patients (102 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), 86 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and 93 gallbladder carcinoma (GC)) and 835 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. HBsAg+/anti-HBc+ (P=0.002), history of diabetes (P=0.000), cholelithiasis (P=0.000), TC (P=0.003), and HDL (P=0.000) were significantly related to ICC. Cholelithiasis (P=0.000), Tri (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.000), diabetes (P=0.000), Apo A (P=0.000) and Apo B (P=0.012) were significantly associated with ECC. Diabetes (P=0.017), cholelithiasis (P=0.000) and Apo A (P=0.000) were strongly inversely correlated with GC. CONCLUSION Cholelithiasis, HBV infection and metabolic symptoms may be potential risk factors for the development of biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Li J, Cao G, Ma Q, Liu H, Li W, Han L. The bidirectional interation between pancreatic cancer and diabetes. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:171. [PMID: 22920886 PMCID: PMC3499274 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interation between pancreatic cancer (PanCa) and diabetes has been confirmed by epidemiological studies, which provide evidence-based medical support for further research into the mechanisms involved in the interaction. We reviewed the literature regarding the role of diabetes in the generation and progression of PanCa and the mechanism by which PanCa induces diabetes for its malignant progression. The effect of antidiabetic drugs on the occurrence and prognosis of PanCa was also reviewed. Diabetes may directly promote the progression of PanCa by pancreatic duct enlargement and hypertension, as well as by enabling an increased tumor volume. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, cytokines, hyperglycemia and genotype change are also important factors in the progression of PanCa with diabetes. Hyperglycemia may be the first clinical manifestation and is helpful in the early diagnosis of PanCa. Furthermore, antidiabetic drugs can have different effects on the occurrence and prognosis of PanCa. The bidirectional interation between PanCa and diabetes is involved in the occurrence, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of PanCa with diabetes. The discovery of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PanCa, as well as the novel usage of metformin for its antitumor effects and determining the potential mechanisms of these effects, may be the next direction for PanCa research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5th Road, Xi'an 710004, People's Republic of China
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Momi N, Kaur S, Ponnusamy MP, Kumar S, Wittel UA, Batra SK. Interplay between smoking-induced genotoxicity and altered signaling in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1617-28. [PMID: 22623649 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous research efforts directed at early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC), the status of patients affected by this deadly malignancy remains dismal. Its notoriety with regard to lack of early diagnosis and resistance to the current chemotherapeutics is due to accumulating signaling abnormalities. Hoarding experimental and epidemiological evidences have established a direct correlation between cigarette smoking and PC risk. The cancer initiating/promoting nature of cigarette smoke can be attributed to its various constituents including nicotine, which is the major psychoactive component, and several other toxic constituents, such as nitrosamines, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These predominant smoke-constituents initiate a series of oncogenic events facilitating epigenetic alterations, self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, and metastasis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning these events is crucial for the prevention and therapeutic intervention against PC. This review presents various interconnected signal transduction cascades, the smoking-mediated genotoxicity, and genetic polymorphisms influencing the susceptibility for smoking-mediated PC development by modulating pivotal biological aspects such as cell defense/tumor suppression, inflammation, DNA repair, as well as tobacco-carcinogen metabolization. Additionally, it provides a large perspective toward tumor biology and the therapeutic approaches against PC by targeting one or several steps of smoking-mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Momi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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Kwon O, Chung HY, Yu W, Bae HI, Chae YS, Kim JG, Kang BW, Lee WK. Clinical significance of insulin-like growth factor gene polymorphisms with survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SURGICAL SOCIETY 2012; 82:288-95. [PMID: 22563535 PMCID: PMC3341477 DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2012.82.5.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) regulate a wide range of biological functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Accordingly, the present study analyzed polymorphisms of IGF genes and their impact on the prognosis for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Methods Two hundred-thirteen consecutive patients with GISTs who underwent curative surgery from 5 medical centers were enrolled in the present study. The genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue, and four IGF-1 (+2995C/A, +533C/T, IVS2-16540A/G, Ex4-177G/C) and one IGF-2 (IVS1+1280A/G) gene polymorphisms were determined using a Sequenom MassARRAY system. Results With a median follow-up of 18.4 months, the estimated 5-year relapse-free survival and overall survival rates were 69.9% and 86.7%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis including age, gender, primary site of disease, pathology, and risk stratification, no significant association was observed between the polymorphism of the IGF-1 and IGF-2 genes and survival. Conclusion None of the five IGF-1 and IGF-2 gene polymorphisms investigated in this study was found to be an independent prognostic marker for Korean patients with surgically resected GIST. However, further studies on a larger scale are warranted to clarify the role of IGF-1 and IGF-2 gene polymorphisms as a prognostic biomarker for GIST patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohkyoung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to assess the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk using a hospital-based case-control design. METHODS Patients with pathologically confirmed PDAC (943) and 1128 matched controls were recruited from 2 hospitals. We evaluated the associations between risk of PDAC and age, sex, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), etc. In addition, we examined the interactive effects of HBV status and known risk factors for pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Chronic hepatitis B and inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state (HBsAg positive) had a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.24). Furthermore, significant interactions were detected between a history of DM and chronic hepatitis B and inactive HBsAg positive, but not with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positive/antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) negative, with an adjusted odds ratio of 5.42 (95% CI, 2.76-10.64), compared with those who were HBsAg negative/anti-HBc negative without a history of DM. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HBsAg-positive or anti-HBc-positive/anti-HBs-negative patients have an increased risk for PDAC independent of other risk factors. Significant interactions were found between a history of DM and chronic HBV infection for PDAC risk.
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Dong X, Li Y, Tang H, Chang P, Hess KR, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Insulin-like growth factor axis gene polymorphisms modify risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:206-11. [PMID: 21852217 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis genes plays a critical role in cancer development and progression via their impact on the RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. We hypothesized that IGF-axis genetic variants modify individual susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. METHODS We retrospectively genotyped 41 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 10 IGF-axis genes (IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGF2R, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, IRS1, IRS2, and IRS4) in 706 pancreatic cancer patients and 706 cancer-free controls using Sequenom and TaqMan technology. The association between genotype and pancreatic cancer risk was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. A P value ≤.007 at a false discovery rate of 10% was set as the significance level. RESULTS We observed that the IGF1 *10212C>A and Ex4+2776G>A and IGF1R IVS2-70184A>G and IVS2+46329T>C variant genotypes were significantly associated with decreased pancreatic cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] range, 0.60-0.75) and that IGFBP1 Ex4+111A>G (I253M) was significantly associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk (OR=1.46) after adjusted for other risk factors and multiple comparisons (P≤.007). IGF2R and IGFBP3 variant haplotypes were associated with increased and decreased pancreatic cancer risk, respectively (P<.001). We also observed a weak interaction of the IGF1R IVS2+46329T>C and IGF2R Ex45+11C>T (L2222L) genotypes with diabetes (P(interaction)=.05) and interaction of IGF2R and IRS1 genotypes with alcohol consumption (P(interaction)=.03 and .019, respectively) on increased pancreatic cancer risk. CONCLUSION These findings support our hypothesis that polymorphic variants of IGF-axis genes act alone or jointly with other risk factors to affect susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is likely the third modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer after cigarette smoking and obesity. Epidemiological investigations have found that long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a 1.5-fold to 2.0-fold increase in the risk of pancreatic cancer. A causal relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer is also supported by findings from prediagnostic evaluations of glucose and insulin levels in prospective studies. Insulin resistance and associated hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation have been suggested to be the underlying mechanisms contributing to development of diabetes-associated pancreatic cancer. Signaling pathways that regulate the metabolic process also play important roles in cell proliferation and tumor growth. Use of the antidiabetic drug metformin has been associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in diabetics and recognized as an antitumor agent with the potential to prevent and treat this cancer. On the other hand, new-onset diabetes may indicate subclinical pancreatic cancer, and patients with new-onset diabetes may constitute a population in whom pancreatic cancer can be detected early. Biomarkers that help define high-risk individuals for clinical screening for pancreatic cancer are urgently needed. Why pancreatic cancer causes diabetes and how diabetes affects the clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer have yet to be fully determined. Improved understanding of the pathological mechanisms shared by diabetes and pancreatic cancer would be the key to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nakao M, Hosono S, Ito H, Watanabe M, Mizuno N, Yatabe Y, Yamao K, Ueda R, Tajima K, Tanaka H, Matsuo K. Interaction between IGF-1 polymorphisms and overweight for the risk of pancreatic cancer in Japanese. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2011; 2:354-366. [PMID: 22199998 PMCID: PMC3243451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although several reports have described a possible association between insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, this association has not been evaluated in the non-Caucasian population. To assess the impact of IGF-1 polymorphisms on PC risk in Japanese, we conducted a case-control study which compared the frequency of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of IGF-1. SNPs were investigated using the TaqMan method in 176 patients with PC and 1402 control subjects. Exposure to risk factors was assessed from the results of a self-administered questionnaire. Associations and gene-environment interactions were examined using an unconditional logistic regression model. We did not observe any significant main effect of IGF-1 loci, but did find interactions between rs5742714 and past and/or current body-mass index (BMI) status. Among patients with BMI > 25 at age 20, an increased PC risk was observed with the addition of the minor allele for rs5742714 (trend P = 0.048) and rs6214 (P = 0.043). Among patients with current BMI > 25, an increased or decreased PC risk was observed with the addition of the minor allele for rs5742714 (trend P = 0.046), rs4764887 (P = 0.031) and rs5742612 (P = 0.038). Haplotype analysis of IGF-1 showed a significant association among patients who were either or both previously or currently overweight. These findings suggest that IGF-1 polymorphisms may affect the development of PC in the Japanese population in combination with obesity. Further studies to confirm these findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakao
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Zang Y, Fung WK. Robust Mantel-Haenszel test under genetic model uncertainty allowing for covariates in case-control association studies. Genet Epidemiol 2011; 35:695-705. [PMID: 22009791 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The trend test under the additive model is commonly used when a case-control genetic association study is carried out. However, for many complex diseases, the underlying genetic models are unknown and a mis-specification of the genetic model may result in a substantial loss of power. MAX3 has been proposed as an efficiency robust test against genetic model uncertainty which takes the maximum absolute value of the trend test statistics under the recessive, additive, and dominant models. Besides its popularity, little attention has been paid to the adjustment of covariates in this test and existing approaches all depend on the estimators of parameters of interest which may be seriously biased if the individuals are divided into a large number of partial tables stratified by covariates. In this article, we propose a modified MAX3 test based on the Mantel-Haenszel test (MHT). This new test avoids estimating the nuisance parameters induced by the covariates; thus, it is valid under both large and small numbers of partial tables while still enjoys the property of efficiency robustness. The asymptotic distribution of the test under the null hypothesis of no association is also derived; thus the corresponding asymptotic P-value of the statistic can be easily calculated. Besides, we prove that this new test can be equally derived through a conditional likelihood. As a result, the original MAX3 based on the trend tests or the matching trend tests can be treated as a special case and generally incorporated into the newly proposed test. Simulation results show that the modified MAX3 can keep the correct size under the null hypothesis and is more efficiency robustness than any single MHT optimal for a specified genetic model under the alternative hypothesis. Two real examples corresponding to the large and small number of partial tables scenarios, respectively, are analyzed using the proposed method. A type 2 diabetes mellitus data set is also analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed test under the GWAS criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Sarkissyan M, Mishra DK, Wu Y, Shang X, Sarkissyan S, Vadgama JV. IGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer in African-American and Hispanic women. Int J Oncol 2011; 38:1663-73. [PMID: 21455574 PMCID: PMC3743668 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from our group and others have shown that increased circulatory levels of the ligand insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and decreased levels of the predominant IGF-1 binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer and poor outcome. Some studies suggest that, in addition to the influence of environmental factors on the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, alterations in their gene polymorphisms may play a significant role in the risk of cancer. In this study, we investigated the association between gene polymorphisms along the IGF axis and breast cancer, including the IGF-1 (CA) dinucleotide repeat, IGFBP-3 A-202C single nucleotide polymorphism, and the 2-bp deletion and (AGG)n repeat polymorphisms in the IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-IR). A total of 654 subjects, including both African-American and Hispanic/Latino subjects, were screened for various gene polymorphisms. IGF gene polymorphism genotyping was performed by PCR-GeneScan and PCR-RFLP methods. Our results demonstrated a significant association between the non-19/non-19 IGF-1 (CA)n polymorphism and breast cancer (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.07-2.88; P = 0.027). Furthermore, absence of the wild-type-19 allele and alleles <(CA)19 were strongly associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.20-2.77; P = 0.005 and OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.19-2.43; P = 0.003, respectively). The association of the non-19/non-19 polymorphism with breast cancer was also more significant in premenopausal women (P = 0.04). We did not find any significant association of the IGFBP-3 polymorphism with breast cancer. In the case of IGF-1R polymorphisms, the only significant trend was in the (AGG)5 allele; however, the frequency of this allele was very rare. In summary, our study demonstrated a significant association of IGF-1 polymorphisms and breast cancer. Future studies are necessary to understand the mechanistic value of these polymorphisms in breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sarkissyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Dong X, Li Y, Chang P, Tang H, Hess KR, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Glucose metabolism gene variants modulate the risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:758-66. [PMID: 21411499 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PC). We hypothesized that genetic variants in glucose metabolism modify individual susceptibility to PC, especially those associated with diabetes. We retrospectively genotyped 26 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 5 glucose metabolism genes: glucokinase (GCK), glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) in a case-control study of PC conducted at MD Anderson during 2004 to 2010. Initial genotyping was conducted in 706 patients with PC and 706 cancer-free controls by using the Sequenom method. A HK2 genotype (R844K) with low frequency of homozygous variant was further examined in additional 948 patients and 476 controls. In the combined set of 1,654 cases and 1,182 controls, we showed a significant association of the HK2 R844K GA/AA genotype with reduced PC risk (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94; P = 0.009) and a significant interaction with diabetes (P(interaction) < 0.001). The HK2 R844K GA/AA genotype was associated with a reduced risk of PC among nondiabetic individuals (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.83) but with increased risk among diabetic patients (OR = 3.69; 95% CI, 2.34-5.82). These risk associations remained statistically significant when the analysis was restricted to whites or after exclusion of recent onset diabetes. No significant main effect of other genes or significant interaction of genotype with other risk factors was observed. The findings show a potential role of HK2 gene, alone or in interaction with diabetes, in modifying the risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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Lin Y, Yagyu K, Egawa N, Ueno M, Mori M, Nakao H, Ishii H, Nakamura K, Wakai K, Hosono S, Tamakoshi A, Kikuchi S. An overview of genetic polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer risk in molecular epidemiologic studies. J Epidemiol 2010; 21:2-12. [PMID: 21071884 PMCID: PMC3899511 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although pancreatic cancer has been extensively studied, few risk factors have been identified, and no validated biomarkers or screening tools exist for early detection in asymptomatic individuals. We present a broad overview of molecular epidemiologic studies that have addressed the relationship between pancreatic cancer risk and genetic polymorphisms in several candidate genes and suggest avenues for future research. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed database. Results Overall, individual polymorphisms did not seem to confer great susceptibility to pancreatic cancer; however, interactions of polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing genes, DNA repair genes, and folate-metabolizing genes with smoking, diet, and obesity were shown in some studies. The major problem with these studies is that, due to small sample sizes, they lack sufficient statistical power to explore gene–gene or gene–environment interactions. Another important challenge is that the measurement of environmental influence needs to be improved to better define gene–environment interaction. It is noteworthy that 2 recent genome-wide association studies of pancreatic cancer have reported that variants in ABO blood type and in 3 other chromosomal regions are associated with risk for this cancer, thus providing new insight into pancreatic cancer etiology. Conclusions As is the case in other complex diseases, common, low-risk variants in different genes may act collectively to confer susceptibility to pancreatic cancer in individuals with repeated environmental exposures, such as smoking and red meat intake. Clarification of gene–gene and gene–environmental interaction is therefore indispensable for future studies. To address these issues, a rigorously designed molecular epidemiologic study with a large sample is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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Zang Y, Fung WK. Robust tests for matched case-control genetic association studies. BMC Genet 2010; 11:91. [PMID: 20937159 PMCID: PMC2964553 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cochran-Armitage trend test (CATT) is powerful in detecting association between a susceptible marker and a disease. This test, however, may suffer from a substantial loss of power when the underlying genetic model is unknown and incorrectly specified. Thus, it is useful to derive tests obtaining the plausible power against all common genetic models. For this purpose, the genetic model selection (GMS) and genetic model exclusion (GME) methods were proposed recently. Simulation results showed that GMS and GME can obtain the plausible power against three common genetic models while the overall type I error is well controlled. RESULTS Although GMS and GME are powerful statistically, they could be seriously affected by known confounding factors such as gender, age and race. Therefore, in this paper, via comparing the difference of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium coefficients between the cases and the controls within each sub-population, we propose the stratified genetic model selection (SGMS) and exclusion (SGME) methods which could eliminate the effect of confounding factors by adopting a matching framework. Our goal in this paper is to investigate the robustness of the proposed statistics and compare them with other commonly used efficiency robust tests such as MAX3 and χ2 with 2 degrees of freedom (df) test in matched case-control association designs through simulation studies. CONCLUSION Simulation results showed that if the mean genetic effect of the heterozygous genotype is between those of the two homozygous genotypes, then the proposed tests and MAX3 are preferred. Otherwise, χ2 with 2 df test may be used. To illustrate the robust procedures, the proposed tests are applied to a real matched pair case-control etiologic study of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Bartosch-Härlid A, Andersson R. Diabetes mellitus in pancreatic cancer and the need for diagnosis of asymptomatic disease. Pancreatology 2010; 10:423-8. [PMID: 20720443 DOI: 10.1159/000264676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is strongly associated with the development of hyperglycemia, peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, especially when presented as new-onset diabetes mellitus. Peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been suggested to promote growth of pancreatic cancer cells, and therefore a relation between long-standing diabetes mellitus type 2 and pancreatic cancer has been implied. Epidemiological studies, though, give incongruent results to this problem. There are data supporting a tumor-derived influence on glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and eventually the development of diabetes mellitus in early stages of pancreatic cancer. The only possibility for curative intent in pancreatic cancer is to diagnose the disease before symptoms occur. Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 or hyperglycemia as a risk group have been recommended for primary screening for pancreatic cancer. To date, there is no specific biomarker to identify patients with an asymptomatic pancreatic cancer. The review discuss the relationship between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus and the possibility of secondary screening of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 or hyperglycemia in an artificial neural network. PubMed was searched for articles using the Mesh term 'pancreatic neoplasms' combined with 'insulin resistance' and 'glucose metabolism disorders'. Additional articles were retrieved through hyperlinks and by manually searching reference lists in original published articles. In total 36 articles were systematically reviewed. and IAP.
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Douglas JB, Silverman DT, Pollak MN, Tao Y, Soliman AS, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and risk of pancreatic cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2298-306. [PMID: 20699371 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests that an overexpression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is implicated in human pancreatic tumors. Increased IGF-II and decreased IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 serum concentrations have been linked to a number of other cancers. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort of men and women 55 to 74 years of age at baseline to test whether prediagnostic circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio concentrations were associated with exocrine pancreatic cancer risk. Between 1994 and 2006, 187 incident cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma occurred (follow-up of up to 11.7 years). Two controls (n = 374), who were alive at the time the case was diagnosed, were selected for each case and matched by age, race, sex, and date of blood draw. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with the use of conditional logistic regression, adjusting for smoking. RESULTS IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 concentrations were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer (highest compared with lowest quartile: OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.91-2.76; and P-trend = 0.25; OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.49-1.50; and P-trend = 0.31; and OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.51-1.51; and P-trend = 0.47, respectively). However, a significant positive trend was observed with high IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio levels (highest compared with lowest quartile: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.89-2.66; P-trend = 0.04). CONCLUSION A higher IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio represents increased free IGF-I, which may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. IMPACT Our results highlight the importance of this biomarker for further investigation in large prospective cohort studies and pooled analysis with other prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Douglas
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Zang Y, Fung WK, Zheng G. Asymptotic powers for matched trend tests and robust matched trend tests in case-control genetic association studies. Comput Stat Data Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Association of polymorphisms in exons 2 and 10 of the insulin-like growth factor 2 ( IGF2) gene with milk production traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. J DAIRY RES 2009; 77:37-42. [PMID: 19785908 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029909990197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is considered to be a regulator of post-natal growth and differentiation of the mammary gland. In the present work, associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine IGF2 gene with milk production traits were studied in dairy Holstein-Friesian cows: the already described g.8656C>T transition in exon 2 (RFLP-BsrI) and the newly found g.24507G>T transversion in exon 10 (RFLP-HaeIII), found by sequencing 273-bp exon 10 of the IGF2 gene in six individuals. Associations were analysed individually and in combination with the multi-trait repeatability test-day animal model. The CT/GT haplotype appeared to be associated with most of the milk traits studied (differences were significant at P < or = 0.001). The most frequent CT/GG haplotype seemed inferior to others in fat and protein content and daily yield of fat and protein but superior (together with the TT/GG genotype) when the daily milk yield is considered.
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Giovannucci E. Insulin, insulin-like growth factors and colon cancer: a review of the evidence. J Nutr 2001; 43:189-94. [PMID: 22022297 PMCID: PMC3192881 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2011.43.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axes are major determinants of proliferation and apoptosis and thus may influence carcinogenesis. In various animal models, modulation of insulin and IGF-1 levels through various means, including direct infusion, energy excess or restriction, genetically induced obesity, dietary quality including fatty acid and sucrose content, inhibition of normal insulin secretion and pharmacologic inhibition of IGF-1, influences colonic carcinogenesis. Human evidence also associates high levels of insulin and IGF-1 with increased risk of colon cancer. Clinical conditions associated with high levels of insulin (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia) and IGF-1 (acromegaly) are related to increased risk of colon cancer, and increased circulating concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 are related to a higher risk of colonic neoplasia. Determinants and markers of hyperinsulinemia (physical inactivity, high body mass index, central adiposity) and high IGF-1 levels (tall stature) are also related to higher risk. Many studies indicate that dietary patterns that stimulate insulin resistance or secretion, including high consumption of sucrose, various sources of starch, a high glycemic index and high saturated fatty acid intake, are associated with a higher risk of colon cancer. Although additional environmental and genetic factors affect colon cancer, the incidence of this malignancy was invariably low before the technological advances that rendered sedentary lifestyles and obesity common, and increased availability of highly processed carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids. Efforts to counter these patterns are likely to have the most potential to reduce colon cancer incidence, as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giovannucci
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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