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Karavasiloglou N, Hughes DJ, Murphy N, Schomburg L, Sun Q, Seher V, Rohrmann S, Weiderpass E, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mancini FR, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Kaaks R, Kuhn T, Schulze MB, Tumino R, Panico S, Masala G, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Derksen JWG, Skeie G, Hjartåker A, Lasheras C, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Van Guelpen B, Gylling B, Bradbury KE, Papier K, Freisling H, Aglago EK, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Aune D, Gunter MJ, Jenab M. Prediagnostic serum calcium concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer development in 2 large European prospective cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:33-45. [PMID: 36789942 PMCID: PMC10131343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher dietary calcium consumption is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, little data are available on the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk. OBJECTIVES To explore the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk using data from 2 large European prospective cohort studies. METHODS Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs in case-control studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; n-cases = 947, n-controls = 947) and the UK Biobank (UK-BB; n-cases = 2759, n-controls = 12,021) cohorts. RESULTS In EPIC, nonalbumin-adjusted total serum calcium (a proxy of free calcium) was not associated with CRC (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.03; modeled as continuous variable, per 1 mg/dL increase), colon cancer (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.05) or rectal cancer (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.20) risk in the multivariable adjusted model. In the UK-BB, serum ionized calcium (free calcium, most active form) was inversely associated with the risk of CRC (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95; per 1 mg/dL) and colon cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90), but not rectal cancer (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.24) in multivariable adjusted models. Meta-analysis of EPIC and UK-BB CRC risk estimates showed an inverse risk association for CRC in the multivariable adjusted model (OR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97). In analyses by quintiles, in both cohorts, higher levels of serum calcium were associated with reduced CRC risk (EPIC: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.00; P-trend = 0.03; UK-BB: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94; P-trend < 0.01). Analyses by anatomical subsite showed an inverse cancer risk association in the colon (EPIC: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.02; P-trend = 0.05; UK-BB: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.88; P-trend < 0.01) but not the rectum. CONCLUSIONS In UK-BB, higher serum ionized calcium levels were inversely associated with CRC, but the risk was restricted to the colon. Total serum calcium showed a null association in EPIC. Additional prospective studies in other populations are needed to better investigate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nena Karavasiloglou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France; Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qian Sun
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vartiter Seher
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Århus, Department of Public Health, Århus, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- University of Århus, Department of Public Health, Århus, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kuhn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiology Research, AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jeroen W G Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Gylling
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Elom K Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
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Afreen S, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Jha S. Case of Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Congenital Granular Cell Tumor and Aggressive Colorectal Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac096. [DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We present the case of a 53-year-old African-American male with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), multi-focal benign granular cell tumor (GCT) and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma. PHPT was diagnosed on routine blood testing [ionized calcium 1.66 (1.12-1.32) mmol/L, PTH 110pg/mL, Vitamin D-25-OH-D: 18ng/mL, PTHrP: undetectable]. Medical history was notable for two reoccurrences of PHPT with persistent disease after most recent parathyroidectomy. Lymph node (LN) dissection during this last surgery showed a 2-mm focus of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 1/5 LNs. Additionally, patient had a history of multi-focal GCTs diagnosed at age two. On exam, there were no Lisch nodules, axillary, or inguinal freckling, neurofibromas or café-au-lait macules but a prominent abdominal wall nodule was noted. En bloc resection of a tumor in the tracheoesophageal groove, identified by sestamibi scan and excision of 4.5-cm abdominal wall nodule showed both masses having histology consistent with GCT. Serum calcium and PTH did not decrease indicating another unsuccessful surgery. Genetic testing was negative for germline variants in PHPT-associated genes, APC or genes of RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. The LN finding of metastatic adenocarcinoma prompted an endoscopy and trans-bronchial biopsy leading to the diagnosis of widely metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma, eventually resulting in his death a year later. Source of patient’s persistent PHPT remained unidentified. This is the first case with co-association of recurrent PHPT, multi-focal GCT and colon cancer. Whether the disparate tumors in this patient share common driver(s) remains unknown. Prospective surveillance of patients for similar associations may provide clues for a novel syndromic form of PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - William F Simonds
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Smita Jha
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
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Irving AA, Waters BJ, Seeman JR, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D receptor absence does not enhance intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcPirc/+ rats. Biol Open 2022; 11:275913. [PMID: 35662320 PMCID: PMC9277077 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological observations have prompted some to posit that elevated circulating vitamin D is responsible for reduced colon cancer in individuals residing near the equator. We have previously demonstrated that vitamin D has no effect on colon cancer in two rodent models of intestinal tumorigenesis. We have now extended this line of inquiry to ask whether ablation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) affects tumorigenesis. A VDR null rat was developed using Cas9-CRISPR technology, which allowed us to investigate whether 1,25(OH)D3 signaling through its receptor plays a role in intestinal tumorigenesis. Loss of VDR expression alone did not induce tumorigenesis, even in animals exposed to the inflammatory agent dextran sodium sulfate. These VDR−/− rats were then crossed with ApcPirc/+ rats, which are predisposed to the development of intestinal neoplasms. In combination with the Pirc/+ mutation, VDR loss did not enhance tumor multiplicity, growth, or progression in the colon or small intestine. This study demonstrates that the vitamin D receptor does not impact tumor development, and strongly supports previous findings that vitamin D itself does not play a role in colon cancer development or progression. Alternative explanations are needed for the original latitude hypothesis, as well as observational data in humans. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Loss of vitamin D receptor, alone or in combination with either an inflammatory agent or the ApcPirc/+ rat intestinal tumor model, did not enhance tumor occurrence, growth, or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Irving
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bayley J Waters
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy R Seeman
- DiaSorin Inc, 1951 Northwestern Avenue, Stillwater, MN 55082, USA
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Association of Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among U.S. Adults. Endocr Pract 2021; 28:70-76. [PMID: 34563702 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with mortality among U.S. adults. METHODS This study included 8286 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years with a measurement of serum intact PTH from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 linked to national mortality data through 2015. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of all-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular and cancer) mortality according to intact PTH levels (low or low-normal, <38; middle-normal, 38-56; high-normal, 57-74; high, >74 pg/mL). We also stratified the analyses by serum albumin-adjusted calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 10.1 years, the mean age was 49 years, and 48% were men. After adjusting for potential confounders, both the high-normal and high PTH groups showed higher risks of all-cause mortality than the low or low-normal PTH group (high-normal PTH, aHR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.48; high PTH, aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19-1.69]. When stratified by calcium and 25OHD levels, the association between high PTH and mortality was also found among participants with albumin-adjusted calcium levels of ≥9.6 mg/dL (aHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-2.01) and those with 25OHD levels of ≥20 ng/mL (aHR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.17-1.82). We found no evidence of the increased cause-specific mortality risks in the high PTH group. CONCLUSION Higher PTH levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, particularly among participants with albumin-adjusted calcium levels of ≥9.6 mg/dL or 25OHD levels of ≥20 ng/mL.
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5
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Hellwege JN, Zhu X, Huang X, Shrubsole MJ, Fan L, Li B, Ness R, Seidner DL, Giovannucci EL, Edwards TL, Dai Q. Blunted PTH response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and colorectal neoplasia risk. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3305-3313. [PMID: 33190990 PMCID: PMC8099932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In contrast to many observational studies, large-scale randomized trials do not support the protective role of vitamin D for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. However, in previous studies, individuals with blunted parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (BPRVID), were not differentiated from those with high PTH response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (HPRVID). Individuals with BPRVID are responsive to magnesium treatment, particularly treatment of magnesium plus vitamin D while those with HPRVID are responsive to vitamin D treatment. We prospectively compared these two distinct groups (i.e. BPRVID and HPRVID) for risk of incident adenoma, metachronous adenoma, and incident colorectal cancer (CRC) METHODS: Three nested case-control studies in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. RESULTS We found optimal 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly reduced risk of CRC, primarily among women. The associations between 25(OH)D and CRC risk significantly differed by PTH levels, particularly among women. Compared to individuals with optimal levels for both 25(OH)D and PTH, all others were at an elevated risk of incident CRC, primarily in women. We found those with BPRVID had 2.56-fold significantly increased risk of CRC compared to 1.65-fold non-significantly increased risk for those with HPRVID. Among women, we observed those with BPRVID had 4.79-6.25-fold significantly increased risks of incident CRC and adenoma whereas those with HPRVID had 3.65-fold significantly increased risk of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with BPRVID are at higher risks of incident adenoma and CRC compared to those with HPRVID, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Xiang Huang
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Lei Fan
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
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Tanak AS, Muthukumar S, Hashim IA, Prasad S. Establish pre-clinical diagnostic efficacy for parathyroid hormone as a point-of-surgery-testing-device (POST). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18804. [PMID: 33139830 PMCID: PMC7606438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels assists in the investigation and management of patients with parathyroid disorders. Rapid PTH monitoring is a valid tool for accurate assessment intraoperatively. Rapid Electro-Analytical Device (READ) is a point-of-care device that uses impedance change between target and capture probe to assess the PTH concentration in undiluted patient plasma samples. The aim of this work focuses on evaluating the analytical performance of READ platform to Roche analyzer as a prospective clinical validation method. The coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-assay imprecision was < 5% and inter-assay imprecision CV was < 10% for high (942 pg/mL) and low (38.2 pg/mL) PTH concentration. Functional sensitivity defined at 15% CV was 1.9 pg/mL. Results obtained from READ platform correlated well (r = 0.99) with commercially available clinical laboratory method (Roche Diagnostics) to measure PTH concentrations with a turn-around time of less than 15 min. Furthermore, the mean bias of 7.6 pg/mL determined by Bland–Altman analysis, showed good agreement between the two methods. We envision such a sensing system would allow medical practitioners to facilitate targeted interventions, thereby, offering an immediate prognostic approach as the cornerstone to delivering successful treatment for patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambalika S Tanak
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. BSB 11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | - Ibrahim A Hashim
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd. BSB 11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Jamshidi M, Mohammadi Pour S, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Single Nucleotide Variants Associated with Colorectal Cancer Among Iranian Patients: A Narrative Review. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:167-180. [PMID: 32581566 PMCID: PMC7280057 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s248349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has been considered as one of the complicated multi-stage processes after adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Therefore, studies of the molecular dysregulation basis could present information on the recognition of the potent biomarkers and treatment targets for this disease. Even though outcomes of the patients with colorectal cancer have been improved largely with current annual screening plans, it is necessary to have reliable prognostic biomarkers because of the disease heterogeneity. There is a significant relationship between SNP in IL1RN* 2 (IL1ra), −509 C/T (TGFB1), rs11556218 T>G and rs4778889 T/C (IL16), miRNA-binding site polymorphisms in IL16, rs4464148 (SMAD7), rs6983267 (EGF), GSTT1, TACG haplotype (CTLA4), 1793G> A (MTHFR), Leu/Leu genotype of (EXO1), −137 G/C (IL18), C/T genotype (XRCC3), I3434T (XRCC7), MGMT, C3435T (MDR1), ff genotype of FokI, 677CT+TT (MTHFR), G2677T/A (MDR1) and CRC. Increased risk has been observed in VDR ApaI genotype “aa”. Finally, the protective effect has been explored in the TACA haplotype (CTLA4). According to the findings, the genetic polymorphisms in the immunity-associated genes are related to the CRC amongst the Iranian patients. Therefore, more large-scale functional investigations are necessary for confirming the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamshidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Yang W, Ma Y, Smith-Warner S, Song M, Wu K, Wang M, Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Poylin V, Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Zhang X. Calcium Intake and Survival after Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1980-1988. [PMID: 30545821 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although evidence suggests an inverse association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer incidence, the influence of calcium on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis remains unclear.Experimental Design: We prospectively assessed the association of postdiagnostic calcium intake with colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality among 1,660 nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Patients completed a validated food frequency questionnaire between 6 months and 4 years after diagnosis and were followed up for death. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Comparing the highest with the lowest quartile intake of postdiagnostic total calcium, the multivariable HRs were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.96; P trend = 0.04) for colorectal cancer-specific mortality and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.59-1.09; P trend = 0.11) for all-cause mortality. Postdiagnostic supplemental calcium intake was also inversely associated with colorectal cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42-1.06; P trend = 0.047) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94; P trend = 0.008), although these inverse associations were primarily observed in women. In addition, calcium from diet or dairy sources was associated with lower risk in men. CONCLUSIONS Higher calcium intake after the diagnosis may be associated with a lower risk of death among patients with colorectal cancer. If confirmed, these findings may provide support for the nutritional recommendations of maintaining sufficient calcium intake among colorectal cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshui Yang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Stephanie Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medical Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vitaliy Poylin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Marques da Costa P, Martins I, Neves J, Cortez-Pinto H, Velosa J. Serum vitamin D levels correlate with the presence and histological grading of colorectal adenomas in peri and postmenopausal women. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1390-1397. [PMID: 29961649 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D is known to modulate immune function and proliferation. Higher vitamin D [25(OH)D3] serum levels have been reported to have protective effects on adenoma detection and colorectal cancer (CRC) development and survival. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 315 peri and post-menopausal women submitted to opportunistic colorectal and osteoporosis screening at the gynaecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical centre between 2004 and 2015. Colonoscopy findings were correlated with 25(OH)D3 and PTH serum levels, and subsequently adjusted in a multivariate logistic regression model. Confounding factors included demographic and colorectal risk factors, pharmacological therapies and bone densitometry metrics. RESULTS A total of 77 lesions were identified in 66 patients. Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were identified in 79.4% and 35.2% of patients, respectively. In univariate analysis, lower levels of 25(OH)D3 were associated with polyp, adenoma and advanced adenoma detection. After adjusting for confounders, an association with polyps could not be observed, but a trend towards a negative correlation with adenoma detection was found (adjusted OR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.92-1.00; p = 0.083). Regarding advanced adenoma detection, 25(OH)D3 (adjusted OR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.97; p = 0.013) proved to be an independent predictive factor. No association was found between 25(OH)D3 levels and lesion detection site. CONCLUSION The association of 25(OH)D3 serum levels with colorectal lesions seems to be restricted to adenomatous lesions and is influenced by histological grading. Vitamin D may be a valuable biomarker for optimization of risk stratification in group-specific CRC screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques da Costa
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Inês Martins
- Departamento/Clínica Universitária de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim Neves
- Departamento/Clínica Universitária de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - José Velosa
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
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10
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Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Leitzmann M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Rinaldi S, Freisling H, Carayol M, Pischon T, Drogan D, Weiderpass E, Jakszyn P, Overvad K, Dahm CC, Tjønneland A, Bouton-Ruault MC, Kühn T, Peppa E, Valanou E, La Vecchia C, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Agnoli C, Tumino R, May A, van Vulpen J, Benjaminsen Borch K, Oluwafemi Oyeyemi S, Quirós JR, Bonet C, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Navarro C, Barricarte A, van Guelpen B, Wennberg P, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Assi N, Ward HA, Aune D, Riboli E, Boeing H. Physical activity, mediating factors and risk of colon cancer: insights into adiposity and circulating biomarkers from the EPIC cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1823-1835. [PMID: 29025032 PMCID: PMC6241846 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is convincing evidence that high physical activity lowers the risk of colon cancer; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. We aimed to determine the extent to which body fatness and biomarkers of various biologically plausible pathways account for the association between physical activity and colon cancer. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 519 978 men and women aged 25 to 70 years followed from 1992 to 2003. A total of 713 incident colon cancer cases were matched, using risk-set sampling, to 713 controls on age, sex, study centre, fasting status and hormonal therapy use. The amount of total physical activity during the past year was expressed in metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-h/week. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected at study baseline. Results High physical activity was associated with a lower risk of colon cancer: relative risk ≥91 MET-h/week vs <91 MET-h/week = 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57 to 0.96]. In mediation analyses, this association was accounted for by waist circumference: proportion explained effect (PEE) = 17%; CI: 4% to 52%; and the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R): PEE = 15%; 95% CI: 1% to 50% and 5-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D): PEE = 30%; 95% CI: 12% to 88%. In combination, these factors explained 45% (95% CI: 20% to 125%) of the association. Beyond waist circumference, sOB-R and 25[OH]D additionally explained 10% (95% CI: 1%; 56%) and 23% (95% CI: 6%; 111%) of the association, respectively. Conclusions Promoting physical activity, particularly outdoors, and maintaining metabolic health and adequate vitamin D levels could represent a promising strategy for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marion Carayol
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drogan
- Quality and Health Services Research Unit, AOK Research Institute, Berlin, Germany (DD)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina C Dahm
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team,F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “M.P.Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Anne May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Jonna van Vulpen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Catalina Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heather A Ward
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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11
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Aleksandrova K, Schlesinger S, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Freisling H, Romieu I, Pischon T, Kaaks R, Gunter MJ, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Agnoli C, Mattiello A, Bradbury K, Khaw KT, Riboli E, Boeing H. Metabolic Mediators of the Association Between Adult Weight Gain and Colorectal Cancer: Data From the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:751-764. [PMID: 28387787 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that gaining weight in adult life is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, biological mechanisms that may explain this association remain unclear. We evaluated the mediation effect of 20 different biomarkers on the relationship between adult weight gain and colorectal cancer, using data from a prospective nested case-control study of 452 incident cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 and matched within risk sets to 452 controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The proportions of mediated effects (%) were estimated on the basis of differences in percent effect changes in conditional logistic regression models with and without additional adjustment for individual biomarkers. Greater adult weight gain (≥300 g/year vs. <300 g/year) was associated with a higher risk of colon cancer (multivariable-adjusted relative risk = 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.24) but not rectal cancer (relative risk = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.66). This association was accounted for mostly by attained waist circumference (reduction of 61%) and by the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (reduction of 43%) and glycated hemoglobin (reduction of 28%). These novel data suggest that the observed association between adult weight gain and colon cancer could be primarily explained by attained abdominal fatness and biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction.
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12
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Mahmoudi T, Karimi K, Arkani M, Farahani H, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Asadi A, Zali MR. Parathyroid hormone gene rs6256 and calcium sensing receptor gene rs1801725 variants are not associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6035-9. [PMID: 25124570 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence from epidemiological studies has suggested that increased levels of calcium may play a protective role against colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the vital role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, we explored whether the rs1801725 (A986S) variant located in exon 7 of the CaSR gene and the rs6256 variant located in exon 3 of PTH gene might be associated with CRC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 860 subjects including 350 cases with CRC and 510 controls were enrolled and genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS We observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases with CRC and controls for both CaSR and PTH genes either before or after adjustment for confounding factors including age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and family history of CRC. Furthermore, no evidence for effect modification of any association of rs1801725 and rs6256 variants and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was observed. In addition, there was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) cases and overweight/ obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) cases for the two SNPs. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that the CaSR gene A986S variant is not a genetic contributor to CRC risk in the Iranian population. Furthermore, our results suggest for the first time that PTH gene variant does not affect CRC risk. Nonetheless, further studies with larger sample size are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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13
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Abstract
Mechanistic hypotheses suggest that vitamin D and the closely related parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. However, epidemiological evidence is lacking for PTH and inconsistent for vitamin D. Our objectives were to prospectively investigate the association between vitamin D status, vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, PTH and prostate cancer risk. A total of 129 cases diagnosed within the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants cohort were included in a nested case-control study and matched to 167 controls (13 years of follow-up). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and PTH concentrations were assessed from baseline plasma samples. Conditional logistic regression models were computed. Higher 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer (ORQ4 v. Q1 0·30; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·77; P trend=0·007). PTH concentration was not associated with prostate cancer risk (P trend=0·4) neither did the studied vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms. In this prospective study, prostate cancer risk was inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration but not with PTH concentration. These results bring a new contribution to the understanding of the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer, which deserves further investigation.
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14
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Bang UC, Hyldstrup L, Jensen JEB. The impact of recombinant parathyroid hormone on malignancies and mortality: 7 years of experience based on nationwide Danish registers. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:639-44. [PMID: 23943162 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We used Danish registers to identify patients with osteoporosis, who had been treated with parathyroid hormone and evaluated the probability of developing cancer. We did not find an increased risk of cancer among the patients treated with parathyroid hormone. INTRODUCTION We evaluated the incidences of malignancies and mortality in osteoporotic patients treated with rPTH. METHODS Using Danish nationwide registers, we identified patients diagnosed with osteoporosis in the period 1995 through 2010. Each patient treated with rPTH ("case") was compared with 10 gender- and age-matched patients who did also have osteoporosis but did not receive rPTH ("control"). RESULTS A total of 4,104 cases (80.3 % females) were identified. The mean age at the beginning of rPTH treatment was 70.9 (SD 9.7) years. During a follow-up time of 10,118 person-years for the cases and 88,005 person-years for the controls, a total of 255 cases (6.2 %) compared with 2,103 controls (5.1 %) experienced a cancer (Chi square, p = 0.003). We found an adjusted cancer related HR of 1.1 (95 %CI 0.9-1.4) among the cases. Lung cancer was the only cancer type with a significantly increased rate among patients receiving rPTH (HR 1.7; 95 % CI 1.3-2.3). No cases developed osteosarcomas and nine controls developed osteosarcoma. During follow-up, 627 (15.3 %) cases died and 4,175 (10.2 %) controls died, which yielded an excess mortality risk of 26 % (95 % CI 16-37 %). This could be due to differences in the prevalence of vertebral fractures between the rPTH-treated and non-treated patients. CONCLUSION This study did not support the hypothesis describing a possible link between rPTH treatment and the development of cancer. We also conclude that osteosarcoma has not been diagnosed in any Danish patient receiving rPTH since the year 2003 when it was introduced on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Bang
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark,
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15
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MacLeod RJ. Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor/PTH knockout mice colons have increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling, reduced non-canonical Wnt signaling, and increased susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci. J Transl Med 2013; 93:520-7. [PMID: 23545937 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests increased dietary calcium and dairy products reduce the onset of colon cancer. To understand a role of the colonic extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in calcium-mediated chemoprevention of colon cancer, we induced formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) caused by azoxymethane (AOM) injection in 'rescued' CaSR-/PTH- (C-/P-) double knockout colons compared with colons from control CaSR+/PTH+ (C+/P+) mice. C-/P- colonic epithelia had increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling as evidenced by 3-8-fold increases in Wnt3a, CyclinD1, and MMP-7 proteins compared with C+/P+ colonic epithelia. The C-/P- colonic epithelia had reduced Wnt5a and Ror2, and a three-fold increase in TNFR1 compared with C+/P+ epithelia. The C-/P- colons and small intestine had extensive neutrophil infiltration with myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels 18-fold higher then C+/P+ small intestine and colon. Saline-injected C-/P- colons had the same number of ACF/cm(2) as C+/P+ colons, which were injected with AOM. However, there were eight times more ACF/cm(2) in the C-/P- injected with AOM compared with C+/P+ colons, which received AOM. Together our results suggest both inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling are increased in the epithelia of 'rescued' CaSR/PTH double knockout colons, and the capacity for non-canonical Wnt signaling through Wnt5a/Ror2 engagement is reduced. The loss of the colonic CaSR increased the number of ACF/cm(2) in response to AOM injection, suggesting colonic CaSR may mediate the chemoprotective effect of increased dietary calcium against colorectal cancer observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John MacLeod
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, GIDRU, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
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16
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19:429-34. [PMID: 22931856 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328358c698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Sipos F, Valcz G, Molnár B. Physiological and pathological role of local and immigrating colonic stem cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:295-301. [PMID: 22294835 PMCID: PMC3261524 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstances where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stem cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Ferenc Sipos, Gábor Valcz, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Pilz S, Kienreich K, Stückler D, Meinitzer A, Tomaschitz A. Associations of Sun Exposure with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in a Cohort of Hypertensive Patients: The Graz Endocrine Causes of Hypertension (GECOH) Study. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:732636. [PMID: 22518130 PMCID: PMC3296164 DOI: 10.1155/2012/732636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunlight-induced vitamin D, synthesis in the skin is the major source of vitamin D, but data on the relationship of sun-related behaviour with vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are relatively sparse. We evaluated whether habitual sun exposure is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and PTH levels and whether there exist seasonal variations. We examined 111 hypertensive patients in Austria (latitude 47° N). Frequent sunbathing at home and outdoor sports were associated with higher 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.05 for both). Red or blond scalp hair as a child, memory of sunburns, preferring sunbathing, frequent stays on the beach or in open-air pools, and solarium use were associated with lower PTH levels (P < 0.05 for all). Multiple linear regression analyses including age, sex, and body mass index showed that sun exposure score was significantly associated with 25(OH)D (beta coefficient = 0.27; P = 0.004) and by trend with PTH (beta coefficient = -0.16; P = 0.09). These associations were more prominent in summer in which 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher compared to winter. Translation of these findings into recommendations for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency remains a challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- *Stefan Pilz: and
| | - Katharina Kienreich
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Stückler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- *Andreas Tomaschitz:
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19
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Benamouzig R, Uzzan B. Identification and chemoprevention in subjects at moderate risk of colorectal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25:631-40. [PMID: 22122777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on both genetic factors and lifestyle-related factors. Chemoprevention's true contribution is dependent on lifetime CRC risk. There are clinical situations where chemoprevention for CRC is undoubtedly useful. There are other situations where the risk of CRC seems to be only moderately increased and in these situations, the true contribution of chemoprevention is questionable. A few specific studies assessing the effect of chemopreventive agents in these situations are available. In the present article, we will try to better define these particular situations and discuss the risk quantification and the expected chemoprevention contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Benamouzig
- Department of Gastroenterology, AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, 125 rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France.
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