1
|
Webb PM, Jordan SJ. Global epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:389-400. [PMID: 38548868 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Globally, ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer in women, accounting for an estimated 3.7% of cases and 4.7% of cancer deaths in 2020. Until the early 2000s, age-standardized incidence was highest in northern Europe and North America, but this trend has changed; incidence is now declining in these regions and increasing in parts of eastern Europe and Asia. Ovarian cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and, even among the most common type, namely epithelial ovarian cancer, five major clinically and genetically distinct histotypes exist. Most high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas are now recognized to originate in the fimbrial ends of the fallopian tube. This knowledge has led to more cancers being coded as fallopian tube in origin, which probably explains some of the apparent declines in ovarian cancer incidence, particularly in high-income countries; however, it also suggests that opportunistic salpingectomy offers an important opportunity for prevention. The five histotypes share several reproductive and hormonal risk factors, although differences also exist. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of this complex disease, comparing the different histotypes, and consider the potential for prevention. We also discuss how changes in the prevalence of risk and protective factors might have contributed to the observed changes in incidence and what this might mean for incidence in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Susan J Jordan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Umbraško S, Martinsone-Berzkalne L, Plavina L, Cauce V, Edelmers E, Starikovs A, Vetra J. Longitudinal Analysis of Latvian Child Growth: Anthropometric Parameters Dynamics from Birth to Adolescence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:426. [PMID: 38671644 PMCID: PMC11049447 DOI: 10.3390/children11040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the physical development patterns from birth to adolescence, utilizing a longitudinal dataset of 70 children monitored from birth until 17 years of age. The research focuses on the variability of growth trajectories, emphasizing the role of genetic and environmental factors in influencing these patterns. Key findings indicate that most children undergo one or two periods of accelerated growth, with significant variability in the timing and magnitude of these growth spurts. The study also highlights the adaptive nature of growth changes over generations, influenced by ecological, nutritional, and socio-economic conditions. The longitudinal approach reveals critical insights into the timing of peak growth velocities, demonstrating that girls reach their growth peak approximately one year earlier than boys. The analysis of intergenerational growth patterns suggests a significant increase in average height over the century, attributed to genetic diversity and changes in lifestyle and nutrition. This study's findings emphasize the importance of updating physical development standards regularly to reflect the changing genetic and environmental landscape. The variability in growth patterns and their correlation with health outcomes in later life highlights the need for targeted public health strategies that address the underlying socio-economic and environmental determinants of health. This research contributes to the understanding of physical development trajectories and provides a foundation for future studies aimed at optimizing health outcomes from early childhood through adolescence. The primary objective of this article is to meticulously analyze the dynamics of height growth and accurately identify the periods of accelerated bodily development within the context of longitudinal research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Umbraško
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (S.U.); (L.M.-B.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Liene Martinsone-Berzkalne
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (S.U.); (L.M.-B.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Liana Plavina
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (S.U.); (L.M.-B.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Vinita Cauce
- Statistics Unit, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Edgars Edelmers
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (S.U.); (L.M.-B.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Aleksandrs Starikovs
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (S.U.); (L.M.-B.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Janis Vetra
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (S.U.); (L.M.-B.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
L'Espérance K, Abrahamowicz M, O'Loughlin J, Koushik A. Childhood body fatness and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: A population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Prev Med 2024; 178:107794. [PMID: 38072312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between childhood body fatness and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and whether this association differs by type of EOC. METHODS Using data from a population-based case-control study (497 cases and 902 controls) in Montreal, Canada conducted 2011-2016, we examined the association between childhood body fatness and EOC, overall and separately for invasive vs. borderline EOCs. A figure rating scale was used to measure body fatness at ages 5 and 10. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Quantitative bias analyses were conducted to assess the impact of exposure misclassification and non-participation. RESULTS The aOR (95% CI) of overall EOC for high vs. low body fatness was 1.07 (0.85-1.34) at age 5 and 1.28 (0.98-1.68) at age 10. The associations were stronger for invasive EOC, specifically the endometrioid histological type. For borderline cancers, the aORs were below the null value with wide confidence intervals. Bias analyses did not reveal a strong influence of non-participation. Non-differential exposure misclassification may have biased aORs towards the null for invasive cancers but did not appear to have an appreciable influence on the aORs for borderline cancers. CONCLUSIONS Childhood body fatness may be a risk factor for invasive EOC in later adult life. Our study highlights the potential importance of examining early life factors for a comprehensive understanding of EOC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L'Espérance
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation and Division of Clinical Epidemiology, 1001, boulevard Décarie, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 2001, avenue McGill College, Montréal, Québec H3A 1Y7, Canada
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 720, Montréal, Québec H4A 3T2, Canada; St. Mary's Research Centre, 3830 Lacombe Ave, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Craig O, Nigam A, Dall GV, Gorringe K. Rare Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: Low Grade Serous and Mucinous Carcinomas. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a038190. [PMID: 37277207 PMCID: PMC10513165 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian epithelial cancer histotypes can be divided into common and rare types. Common types include high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and the endometriosis-associated cancers, endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. The less common histotypes are mucinous and low-grade serous, each comprising less than 10% of all epithelial carcinomas. Although histologically and epidemiologically distinct from each other, these histotypes share some genetic and natural history features that distinguish them from the more common types. In this review, we will consider the similarities and differences of these rare histological types, and the clinical challenges they pose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Craig
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Nigam
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Kylie Gorringe
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sellers TA, Peres LC, Hathaway CA, Tworoger SS. Prevention of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a038216. [PMID: 37137500 PMCID: PMC10411689 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the challenges with achieving effective and durable treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer, primary prevention is highly desirable. Fortunately, decades of research have provided evidence for several strategies that can be deployed to optimize risk reduction. These include surgery, chemoprevention, and lifestyle factor modifications. These broad categories vary in terms of the magnitude of risk reduction possible, the possible short-term and long-term side effects, the degree of difficulty, and acceptability. Thus, the concept of a risk-based model to personalize preventive interventions is advocated to guide discussion between care providers and women at risk. For women with inherited major gene mutations that greatly increase risk of ovarian cancer, surgical approaches have favorable risk to benefit ratios. Chemoprevention and lifestyle factor modifications portend a lower degree of risk reduction but confer lower risk of undesirable side effects. Since complete prevention is not currently possible, better methods for early detection remain a high priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Sellers
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Lauren C Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Cassandra A Hathaway
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammadian Khonsari N, Shahrestanaki E, Ehsani A, Asadi S, Sokoty L, Mohammadpoor Nami S, Hakak-Zargar B, Qorbani M. Association of childhood and adolescence obesity with incidence and mortality of adulthood cancers. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1069164. [PMID: 36742402 PMCID: PMC9892178 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1069164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence and subsequent conditions of childhood and adolescent obesity are increasing. It has been seen that obesity in youth is associated with adulthood cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled association of childhood obesity with cancers in adulthood. METHODS In this systematic review, international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched using relevant keywords until February 2022. All Cohort studies assessing the association of childhood and adolescent obesity (under 18 years old) with the incidence and mortality of all types of cancers were included. Two independent reviewers screened and carried out the quality assessment of included studies. Between-studies heterogeneity was assessed using the I squared and Cochran's Q tests. Random/fixed-effect meta-analyses were used to pool the appropriate effect sizes (Hazard ratios (HR)). RESULTS Overall, 46 studies were found to be relevant and were included in this study. Based on the random-effects model meta-analysis, childhood obesity increased the hazard of cancer incidence and mortality in adulthood by 33% (HR: 1.33, 95%CI (1.25, 1.41)) and by 28% (HR: 1.28, 95%CI (1.13, 1.42)), respectively. In the subgroups meta-analysis, the HR of childhood obesity and adulthood cancer incidence mortality in women was higher than in men (HR=1.39, 95%CI (1.25, 1.53) vs HR= 1.20, 95%CI (1.07, 1.32)) and (HR= 1.40, 95%CI (1.10, 1.69) vs HR=1.20, 95%CI (1.04, 1.36)) respectively. CONCLUSION This study found that obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with a significant increase in the incidence and mortality of cancers in adulthood. Prevention of childhood obesity, in addition to its short-term beneficial effects, can reduce the burden of cancer in adulthood. The data sets of this study are present in the Tables of the current manuscript. Moreover this study was registered online in PROSPERO (registration code: CRD42022331958). SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero/, identifier CRD42022331958.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Mohammadian Khonsari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Qorbani, ; Nami Mohammadian Khonsari,
| | - Ehsan Shahrestanaki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Ehsani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Asadi
- Western Sydney University, Translational Health Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leily Sokoty
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadpoor Nami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Qorbani, ; Nami Mohammadian Khonsari,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding N, Zhan J, Shi Y, Qiao T, Li P, Zhang T. Obesity in children and adolescents and the risk of ovarian cancer: A systematic review and dose‒response meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278050. [PMID: 36477251 PMCID: PMC9728843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and the risk of ovarian cancer remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the exact shape of this relationship. METHODS We conducted dose‒response meta-analyses of cohort and case‒control studies, including published studies derived from searches in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until October 2022. Pooled effect size estimates are expressed as relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were evaluated by fixed-effect models. A nonlinear dose‒response meta-analysis was performed by using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS After screening 4215 publications, 10 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall analyses revealed statistically significant associations of obesity in children and adolescents with ovarian cancer (adjusted RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.28, P < 0.001). Moreover, the association was consistently significant in most subgroup analyses, for example, using geographic stratification, the results remained stable both in the Americas(RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.21; P = 0.022) and Europe (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.77; P<0.001). For the dose‒response analyses, the risk of ovarian cancer increased with the degree of obesity, and the trend increased rapidly when body mass index (BMI) was over 25.95 kg/m2. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the risk increases with increasing BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hepatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youjin Shi
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianci Qiao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Byun D, Hong S, Ryu S, Nam Y, Jang H, Cho Y, Keum N, Oh H. Early-life body mass index and risks of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:664-672. [PMID: 34773099 PMCID: PMC8854408 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for the associations between early-life adiposity and female cancer risks is mixed. Little is known about the exact shape of the relationships and whether the associations are independent of adult adiposity. METHODS We conducted dose-response meta-analyses of prospective studies to summarise the relationships of early-life body mass index (BMI) with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer risks. Pubmed and Embase were searched through June 2020 to identify relevant studies. Using random-effects models, the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated per 5-kg/m2 increase in BMI at ages ≤ 25 years. A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis was conducted using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS After screening 33,948 publications, 37 prospective studies were included in this analysis. The summary RRs associated with every 5-kg/m2 increase in early-life BMI were 0.84 (95% CI = 0.81-0.87) for breast, 1.40 (95% CI = 1.25-1.57) for endometrial, and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.07-1.23) for ovarian cancers. For breast cancer, the association remained statistically significant after adjustment for adult BMI (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.73-0.87). For premenopausal breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, the dose-response curves suggested evidence of nonlinearity. CONCLUSIONS With early-life adiposity, our data support an inverse association with breast cancer and positive associations with ovarian and endometrial cancer risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Byun
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SungEun Hong
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seaun Ryu
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Nam
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Jang
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyoung Cho
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, BostonMA, USA.
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang T, Jake-Schoffman DE, Townsend MK, Vinci C, Willett WC, Tworoger SS. Early life physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:2045-2051. [PMID: 34398976 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that exposures in early life may affect ovarian development and contribute to ovarian cancer risk. We evaluated the association between early life physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood in two large prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. In total, analyses included 28 232 NHS participants (followed from 2004 to 2016) and 56 553 NHSII participants (followed from 1997 to 2017). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of ovarian cancer overall and by early life body mass index (BMI). Neither physical activity at ages 12-13, 14-17 or 18-22 years nor average physical activity across these three periods was associated with ovarian cancer risk overall (≥78 vs <24 MET-h/wk, HRs = 1.34, 1.21, 1.08 and 1.24, respectively), or by categories of early life BMI (Pheterogeneity ≥ .44). No association was observed with the risk of high-grade serous or poorly differentiated tumors or postmenopausal ovarian cancer. Overall, early life physical activity was not clearly related to ovarian cancer risk during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christine Vinci
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang T, Townsend MK, Vinci C, Jake-Schoffman DE, Tworoger SS. Early life exposure to tobacco smoke and ovarian cancer risk in adulthood. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:965-974. [PMID: 33647961 PMCID: PMC8495775 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer risk in adulthood may be affected by early life exposure to tobacco smoke. We investigated this relationship in two large prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. METHODS In total, analyses included 110 305 NHS participants (1976-2016) and 112 859 NHSII participants (1989-2017). Self-reported early life smoking exposures were queried at baseline or follow-up questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of ovarian cancer overall and by tumour histotype. RESULTS Overall, ovarian cancer risk was not different among participants whose mothers did versus did not smoke during pregnancy (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.87-1.27); however, an increased risk was observed among women who themselves were never smokers (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.81) but not among ever smokers (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66-1.14; Pheterogeneity = 0.02). Compared with women who never smoked, ovarian cancer risk was similar for women who started to smoke at age <18 (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.11) or ≥18 (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12). These associations did not differ by histotype (Pheterogeneity ≥0.35). Parental smoking in the home during childhood/adolescence was related to a 15% increased risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.27) and this association was suggestively stronger among women with non-serous/low-grade serous tumours (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.02-1.61) versus high-grade serous/poorly differentiated tumours (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.93-1.28; Pheterogeneity = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to parental tobacco smoke in the home, but not early initiation of smoking, was associated with a modest elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt
Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt
Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christine Vinci
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee
Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of
South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt
Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of
South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malhotra S, Sivasubramanian R, Singhal V. Adult obesity and its complications: a pediatric disease? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:46-54. [PMID: 33229926 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Approximately 2.6 million people die each year secondary to obesity related diseases. The risk of developing serious comorbidities depends on the age of onset as well as duration of obesity. In this review, we discuss trends in BMI trajectories from early childhood to adulthood with latest evidence on comorbidities in adulthood stemming from pediatric obesity and benefits of early intervention and treatment in childhood obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Childhood obesity poses high risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer in adulthood. Early life obesity also increases risks of developing menstrual irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Several grave concerns including malignancies, autoimmune disorders, higher asthma morbidity, and psychiatric implications are found to be associated with childhood obesity. Disease outcomes can be transgenerational, causing suboptimal health in children of mothers with obesity. Encouragingly, many risks associated with childhood obesity can be reduced, delayed, or even reversed by early resolution of obesity necessitating close BMI monitoring and treatment early. SUMMARY Early identification and aggressive management of childhood obesity is critical in prevention of debilitating comorbidities in adult life. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COE/A19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Malhotra
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital
- MGH Weight Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Vibha Singhal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital
- MGH Weight Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The human genome has been proposed to contribute to interpersonal variability in the way we respond to nutritional intake. However, personalized diets solely based on gene-nutrient interactions have not lived up to their expectations to date. Advances in microbiome research have indicated that a science-based generation of a personalized diet based on a combination of clinical and microbial features may constitute a promising new approach enabling accurate prediction of dietary responses. In addition, scientific advances in our understanding of defined dietary components and their effects on human physiology led to the incorporation and testing of defined diets as preventive and treatment approaches for diseases, such as epilepsy, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, exciting new studies show that tailored diet regiments have the potential to modulate pharmaceutical treatment efficacy in cancer treatment. Overall, the true therapeutic potential of nutritional interventions is coming to light but is also facing substantial challenges in understanding mechanisms of activity, optimization of dietary interventions for specific human subpopulations, and elucidation of adverse effects potentially stemming from some dietary components in a number of individuals.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mormile R. Childhood Overweight and Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer: How True Is It? Cancer Invest 2018; 36:537. [PMID: 30497289 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1539494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- a Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology , Moscati Hospital , Aversa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|