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Saha P, Ajgaonkar S, Maniar D, Sahare S, Mehta D, Nair S. Current insights into transcriptional role(s) for the nutraceutical Withania somnifera in inflammation and aging. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370951. [PMID: 38765810 PMCID: PMC11099240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The health-beneficial effects of nutraceuticals in various diseases have received enhanced attention in recent years. Aging is a continuous process wherein physiological activity of an individual declines over time and is characterized by various indefinite hallmarks which contribute toward aging-related comorbidities in an individual which include many neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac problems, diabetes, bone-degeneration, and cancer. Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process that has an important function in driving aging. Currently, a growing body of evidence substantiates the connection between epigenetic modifications and the aging process, along with aging-related diseases. These modifications are now being recognized as promising targets for emerging therapeutic interventions. Considering that almost all the biological processes are modulated by RNAs, numerous RNA-binding proteins have been found to be linked to aging and age-related complexities. Currently, studies have shed light on the ability of the nutraceutical Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to influence RNA expression, stability, and processing, offering insights into its mechanisms of action. By targeting RNA-related pathways, Withania somnifera may exhibit promising effects in ameliorating age-associated molecular changes, which include modifications in gene expression and signaling networks. This review summarizes the potential role of Withania somnifera as a nutraceutical in modulating RNA-level changes associated with aging, encompassing both in vitro and in vivo studies. Taken together, the putative role(s) of Withania in modulation of key RNAs will provide insights into understanding the aging process and facilitate the development of various preventive and therapeutic strategies employing nutraceuticals for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful Saha
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Saiprasad Ajgaonkar
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Dishant Maniar
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Simran Sahare
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Mehta
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
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2
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Wen F, Zhao F, Huang W, Liang Y, Sun R, Lin Y, Zhang W. A novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for overall survival prediction in patients with gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4422. [PMID: 38388534 PMCID: PMC10883968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The global diagnosis rate and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) are among the highest. Ferroptosis and iron-metabolism have a profound impact on tumor development and are closely linked to cancer treatment and patient's prognosis. In this study, we identified six PRDEGs (prognostic ferroptosis- and iron metabolism-related differentially expressed genes) using LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis. The TCGA cohort was used to establish a prognostic risk model, which allowed us to categorize GC patients into the high- and the low-risk groups based on the median value of the risk scores. Our study demonstrated that patients in the low-risk group had a higher probability of survival compared to those in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the low-risk group exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a longer 5-year survival period when compared to the high-risk group. In summary, the prognostic risk model, based on the six genes associated with ferroptosis and iron-metabolism, performs well in predicting the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolan Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yize Lin
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital of the Office of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region in Chengdu, Chengdu, 850015, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Yang K, Li J, Zhu J, Chen Y, He Y, Wang J, Shen K, Wang K, Shi T, Chen W. HOOK3 suppresses proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer via the SP1/VEGFA axis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38228617 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
HOOK3, a member of the human hook microtubule-tethering protein family, has been implicated in the progression of cancer. However, the role of HOOK3 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of HOOK3 protein in GC tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The findings of our study indicate that the expression levels of HOOK3 in GC tissues were relatively low. Furthermore, a significant negative association was seen between HOOK3 expression and the prognosis of patients with GC. The suppression of HOOK3 resulted in a notable increase in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival of GC cells. Conversely, the overexpression of HOOK3 had the opposite impact, reducing these cellular processes. Moreover, in vivo tests have shown evidence that the overexpression of HOOK3 significantly inhibited the formation of tumors and the spread of GC cells to the lungs. In a mechanistic manner, the analysis of RNA-seq data demonstrated that the knockdown of HOOK3 resulted in a notable increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in GC cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of VEGFA counteracted the impacts of HOOK3 upregulation on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival of GC cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that specificity protein 1 (SP1) exhibited the ability to bind to the promoter region of VEGFA. Moreover, the overexpression of SP1 successfully counteracted the inhibitory impact of HOOK3 overexpression on the expression of VEGFA in GC cells. In summary, the results of our study indicate that HOOK3 has a role in inhibiting the growth, migration, invasion, and survival of GC cells by modulating the SP1/VEGFA pathway. These findings contribute significant knowledge to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexi Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kanger Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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4
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Safe S. Specificity Proteins (Sp) and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5164. [PMID: 36982239 PMCID: PMC10048989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 exhibit structural and functional similarities in cancer cells and extensive studies of Sp1 show that it is a negative prognostic factor for patients with multiple tumor types. In this review, the role of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in the development of cancer and their regulation of pro-oncogenic factors and pathways is reviewed. In addition, interactions with non-coding RNAs and the development of agents that target Sp transcription factors are also discussed. Studies on normal cell transformation into cancer cell lines show that this transformation process is accompanied by increased levels of Sp1 in most cell models, and in the transformation of muscle cells into rhabdomyosarcoma, both Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp4, are increased. The pro-oncogenic functions of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in cancer cell lines were studied in knockdown studies where silencing of each individual Sp TF decreased cancer growth, invasion and induced apoptosis. Silencing of an individual Sp TF was not compensated for by the other two and it was concluded that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are examples of non-oncogene addicted genes. This conclusion was strengthened by the results of Sp TF interactions with non-coding microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs where Sp1 contributed to pro-oncogenic functions of Sp/non-coding RNAs. There are now many examples of anticancer agents and pharmaceuticals that induce downregulation/degradation of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4, yet clinical applications of drugs specifically targeting Sp TFs are not being used. The application of agents targeting Sp TFs in combination therapies should be considered for their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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5
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Cui Y, Wang W, Luo P, Feng Y, Mi C, Jia A. The genetic polymorphisms in the SP4 gene and the risk of gastric cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3993-4004. [PMID: 36346067 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer death, and is associated with host genetic factors. This study aimed to determine the impact of SP4 polymorphisms on GC. Materials & methods: Four hundred and eighty-nine GC patients and 481 healthy subjects were recruited. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and GC risk was investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results: It was observed that rs39302 and rs7811417 were related to a decreased GC risk. Stratified analyses showed that rs39302 decreased GC susceptibility at ages ≤60 years, in men, GC patients who had previously smoked and drank. rs7811417 had a risk-decreasing impact on the patients aged ≤60 years, in men, GC patients who were nonsmoking and nondrinking. rs35929923 decreased the GC risk of patients in grade III-IV and the lymph node metastasis subgroup. Conclusion: SP4 gene polymorphisms are associated with GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Peipei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Chen Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ai Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710061, China
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Safe S, Shrestha R, Mohankumar K, Howard M, Hedrick E, Abdelrahim M. Transcription factors specificity protein and nuclear receptor 4A1 in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6387-6398. [PMID: 34720529 PMCID: PMC8517783 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i38.6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4, and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patient survival. Results of knockdown and overexpression of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in pancreatic and other cancer lines show that these TFs are individually pro-oncogenic factors and loss of one Sp TF is not compensated by other members. NR4A1 is also a pro-oncogenic factor and both NR4A1 and Sp TFs exhibit similar functions in pancreatic cancer cells and regulate cell growth, survival, migration and invasion. There is also evidence that Sp TFs and NR4A1 regulate some of the same genes including survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor, PAX3-FOXO1, α5- and α6-integrins, β1-, β3- and β4-integrins; this is due to NR4A1 acting as a cofactor and mediating NR4A1/Sp1/4-regulated gene expression through GC-rich gene promoter sites. Several studies show that drugs targeting Sp downregulation or NR4A1 antagonists are highly effective inhibitors of Sp/NR4A1-regulated pathways and genes in pancreatic and other cancer cells, and the triterpenoid celastrol is a novel dual-acting agent that targets both Sp TFs and NR4A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Marcell Howard
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Erik Hedrick
- Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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7
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Zhao Y, Yao D, Li Y, Zhang S, Tao Z, Zhang L, Hu X, Wang B, Chen S. Loss of polarity protein Par3 is mediated by transcription factor Sp1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:172-179. [PMID: 34023783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Loss of polarity protein Par3 promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. The underlying molecular mechanisms of Par3 down-regulation and related prognostic significance in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we discovered that Par3 down-regulation was associated with shorter relapse-free survival in Luminal A subtype of breast cancer. Par3 knockdown promoted breast cancer cells migration and invasion. Importantly, we identified that transcription factor Sp1 bound to PARD3 promoter region and induced Par3 expression. Breast cancer patients with low Sp1 showed significantly worse RFS and low expression level of Par3. Par3 over-expression partially reversed Sp1 knockdown induced migration and invasion. Together, decreased Sp1 level mediates Par3 down-regulation, which correlated with poor prognosis of ER + breast cancer patients, via reduced binding with PARD3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dingjin Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Biyun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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8
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Gao Y, Gan K, Liu K, Xu B, Chen M. SP1 Expression and the Clinicopathological Features of Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:581998. [PMID: 34257529 PMCID: PMC8262197 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.581998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Specificity protein 1 (SP1) plays a vital role to promote carcinogenesis in a variety of tumors, and its up-regulated expression is reported to be a hinter of poor prognosis of patients. We conducted this meta-analysis to elucidate the clinical significance and prognostic value of SP1 in malignant tumors. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2020. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to investigate the correlation of SP1 with clinical behaviors and prognosis in patients with solid tumors. UALCAN was used to conduct bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 24 documents involving 2,739 patients were enrolled in our review. The random-effect model was used to perform this analysis due to the high level of heterogeneity. SP1 low expression was not conducive to lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28-0.64; p < 0.05), progression of TNM stage (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.20-0.57; p < 0.05) and tumor infiltration (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18-0.60; p < 0.05). Elevated SP1 expression was connected with shorter survival time of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer (HR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16-3.28; p < 0.05). According to UALCAN database, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer and lung adenocarcinoma display an elevated SP1 expression in comparison with normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival plots indicate SP1 mRNA level has negative effects on prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma and brain lower grade glioma. Conclusion: SP1 was associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and depth of invasion, and indicated poor clinical outcome, which brought new insights on the potential candidacy of SP1 in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Gan
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuangzheng Liu
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Thakur K, Bibban R, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Bhat A, Singh T, Jadli M, Singh U, Kashyap MK, Bharti AC. Human Papillomavirus Infection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Transcriptional Triggers and Changed Disease Patterns. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 33344262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.537650,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers. Collectively, HNSCC ranks sixth in incidence rate worldwide. Apart from classical risk factors like tobacco and alcohol, infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is emerging as a discrete risk factor for HNSCC. HPV-positive HNSCC represent a distinct group of diseases that differ in their clinical presentation. These lesions are well-differentiated, occur at an early age, and have better prognosis. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a specific increase in the proportions of the HPV-positive HNSCC. HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC lesions display different disease progression and clinical response. For tumorigenic-transformation, HPV essentially requires a permissive cellular environment and host cell factors for induction of viral transcription. As the spectrum of host factors is independent of HPV infection at the time of viral entry, presumably entry of HPV only selects host cells that are permissive to establishment of HPV infection. Growing evidence suggest that HPV plays a more active role in a subset of HNSCC, where they are transcriptionally-active. A variety of factors provide a favorable environment for HPV to become transcriptionally-active. The most notable are the set of transcription factors that have direct binding sites on the viral genome. As HPV does not have its own transcription machinery, it is fully dependent on host transcription factors to complete the life cycle. Here, we review and evaluate the current evidence on level of a subset of host transcription factors that influence viral genome, directly or indirectly, in HNSCC. Since many of these transcription factors can independently promote carcinogenesis, the composition of HPV permissive transcription factors in a tumor can serve as a surrogate marker of a separate molecularly-distinct class of HNSCC lesions including those cases, where HPV could not get a chance to infect but may manifest better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Bibban
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ujala Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K Kashyap
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Amity Medical School, Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Panchgaon, Gurugram, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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10
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Basak D, Uddin MN, Hancock J. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Its Counteractive Utility in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3336. [PMID: 33187272 PMCID: PMC7698080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered redox status accompanied by an elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been implicated in a number of diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC, being one of the most common cancers worldwide, has been reported to be associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary habits, obesity, and physical inactivity) and harboring heightened oxidative stress that results in genomic instability. Although under normal condition ROS regulate many signal transduction pathways including cell proliferation and survival, overwhelming of the antioxidant capacity due to metabolic abnormalities and oncogenic signaling leads to a redox adaptation response that imparts drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on elevated production of ROS makes the tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further ROS insults, and the abolition of such drug resistance through redox perturbation could be instrumental to preferentially eliminate them. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the evidence that links redox stress to the development of CRC and assimilate the most up-to-date information that would facilitate future investigation on CRC-associated redox biology. Concomitantly, we argue that the exploitation of this distinct biochemical property of CRC cells might offer a fresh avenue to effectively eradicate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basak
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
| | | | - Jake Hancock
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
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Bahmad HF, Elajami MK, El Zarif T, Bou-Gharios J, Abou-Antoun T, Abou-Kheir W. Drug repurposing towards targeting cancer stem cells in pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:127-148. [PMID: 31919619 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the pediatric population, brain tumors represent the most commonly diagnosed solid neoplasms and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. They include low-grade gliomas (LGGs), medulloblastomas (MBs), and other embryonal, ependymal, and neuroectodermal tumors. The mainstay of treatment for most brain tumors includes surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, resistance to conventional therapy is widespread, which contributes to the high mortality rates reported and lack of improvement in patient survival despite advancement in therapeutic research. This has been attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which reside within the tumor bulk and maintain self-renewal and recurrence potential of the tumor. An emerging promising approach that enables identifying novel therapeutic strategies to target CSCs and overcome therapy resistance is drug repurposing or repositioning. This is based on using previously approved drugs with known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics for indications other than their traditional ones, like cancer. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the drug repurposing methodologies that have been used in pediatric brain tumors, and we argue how this selective compilation of approaches, with a focus on CSC targeting, could elevate drug repurposing to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad K Elajami
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Talal El Zarif
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abou-Antoun
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos Campus, CHSC 6101, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon.
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12
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Scarpa ES, Tasini F, Crinelli R, Ceccarini C, Magnani M, Bianchi M. The Ubiquitin Gene Expression Pattern and Sensitivity to UBB and UBC Knockdown Differentiate Primary 23132/87 and Metastatic MKN45 Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5435. [PMID: 32751694 PMCID: PMC7432825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers. Alterations in the ubiquitin (Ub) system play key roles in the carcinogenetic process and in metastasis development. Overexpression of transcription factors YY1, HSF1 and SP1, known to regulate Ub gene expression, is a predictor of poor prognosis and shorter survival in several cancers. In this study, we compared a primary (23132/87) and a metastatic (MKN45) GC cell line. We found a statistically significant higher expression of three out of four Ub coding genes, UBC, UBB and RPS27A, in MKN45 compared to 23132/87. However, while the total Ub protein content and the distribution of Ub between the conjugated and free pools were similar in these two GC cell lines, the proteasome activity was higher in MKN45. Ub gene expression was not affected upon YY1, HSF1 or SP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, in both 23132/87 and MKN45 cell lines. Interestingly, the simultaneous knockdown of UBB and UBC mRNAs reduced the Ub content in both cell lines, but was more critical in the primary GC cell line 23132/87, causing a reduction in cell viability due to apoptosis induction and a decrease in the oncoprotein and metastatization marker β-catenin levels. Our results identify UBB and UBC as pro-survival genes in primary gastric adenocarcinoma 23132/87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.B.)
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13
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Yin J, Shi Z, Wei W, Lu C, Wei Y, Yan W, Li R, Zhang J, You Y, Wang X. MiR-181b suppress glioblastoma multiforme growth through inhibition of SP1-mediated glucose metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32158359 PMCID: PMC7057587 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose metabolic reprogramming is a significant hallmark of malignant tumors including GBM. Previous studies suggest that microRNAs play key roles in modulating this process in GBM cells. miR-181b acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA in influencing glioma tumorigenesis. Our previous results showed that miR-181b was down-regulated in glioma cells and tissues. Methods The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), colony formation assay and levels of Glut1 and PKM2 were measured to assess the glucose metabolic and proliferation changes in GBM cells overexpressing miR-181b. Immunoblotting and luciferase reporter assay were performed to confirm the expression and role of SP1 as a direct target of miR-181b. ChIP assay was used to figure out the transcriptional regulation of SP1 on Glut1 and PKM2. In vivo study was examined for the role of miR-181b in GBM cells. Results MiR-181b overexpression significantly reduced the glucose metabolic and colony formation ability of GBM cells. And, SP1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-181b while upregulation of SP1 could reverse the influence of overexpression of miR-181b. Furthermore, Glut1 and PKM2 could be regulated by SP1. Finally, miR-181b could inhibit the tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Our article demonstrated the inhibitory effect of miR-181b on glucose metabolism and proliferation in GBM by suppressing SP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianXing Yin
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhuMei Shi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - WenJin Wei
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutian Wei
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - JunXia Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YongPing You
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - XieFeng Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Loshchenova PS, Sergeeva SV, Limonov DV, Guo Z, Dianov GL. Sp1-independent downregulation of NHEJ in response to BER deficiency. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 86:102740. [PMID: 31812125 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is the major repair pathway that removes DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) arising spontaneously due to the inherent instability of DNA. Unrepaired SSBs promote cell-cycle delay, which facilitates DNA repair prior to replication. On the other hand, in response to persistent DNA strand breaks, ATM-dependent degradation of transcription factor Sp1 leads to downregulation of BER genes expression, further accumulation of SSBs and renders cells susceptible to elimination via apoptosis. In contrast, many cancer cells are not able to block replication and to downregulate the expression of Sp1 in response to DNA damage. However, knockdown of BER in cancer cells leads to the accumulation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting deficiency in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DSBs. Here we investigated whether DNA repair deficiency caused by knockdown of the XRCC1 gene expression in proliferating cells results in downregulation of NHEJ genes expression. We find that knockdown of the XRCC1 gene expression does not cause degradation of Sp1, but leads to downregulation of Lig4/XRCC4 and Ku70/80 at the transcription and protein levels. We thus propose the existence of Sp1-independent backup mechanism that in response to BER deficiency downregulates NHEJ in proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S Loshchenova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V Sergeeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Limonov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
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15
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Yuan S, Chen S, Wu H, Jiang H, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Liu Y. NAMI-A preferentially reacts with the Sp1 protein: understanding the anti-metastasis effect of the drug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1397-1400. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08775c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-metastasis drug NAMI-A selectively reacts with Sp1, a protein associated with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Siming Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Han Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Huan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shihui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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16
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Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Thakur K, Bibban R, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Bhat A, Singh T, Jadli M, Singh U, Kashyap MK, Bharti AC. Human Papillomavirus Infection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Transcriptional Triggers and Changed Disease Patterns. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:537650. [PMID: 33344262 PMCID: PMC7738612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.537650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers. Collectively, HNSCC ranks sixth in incidence rate worldwide. Apart from classical risk factors like tobacco and alcohol, infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is emerging as a discrete risk factor for HNSCC. HPV-positive HNSCC represent a distinct group of diseases that differ in their clinical presentation. These lesions are well-differentiated, occur at an early age, and have better prognosis. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a specific increase in the proportions of the HPV-positive HNSCC. HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC lesions display different disease progression and clinical response. For tumorigenic-transformation, HPV essentially requires a permissive cellular environment and host cell factors for induction of viral transcription. As the spectrum of host factors is independent of HPV infection at the time of viral entry, presumably entry of HPV only selects host cells that are permissive to establishment of HPV infection. Growing evidence suggest that HPV plays a more active role in a subset of HNSCC, where they are transcriptionally-active. A variety of factors provide a favorable environment for HPV to become transcriptionally-active. The most notable are the set of transcription factors that have direct binding sites on the viral genome. As HPV does not have its own transcription machinery, it is fully dependent on host transcription factors to complete the life cycle. Here, we review and evaluate the current evidence on level of a subset of host transcription factors that influence viral genome, directly or indirectly, in HNSCC. Since many of these transcription factors can independently promote carcinogenesis, the composition of HPV permissive transcription factors in a tumor can serve as a surrogate marker of a separate molecularly-distinct class of HNSCC lesions including those cases, where HPV could not get a chance to infect but may manifest better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Bibban
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ujala Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K. Kashyap
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Amity Medical School, Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Panchgaon, Gurugram, India
| | - Alok C. Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Alok C. Bharti,
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Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Lv J. Baicalein inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by downregulating the expression of transcription factor Sp1. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:273-282. [PMID: 31746368 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, accounts for >90% of all diagnosed oral cancer cases. Baicalein, a naturally derived compound, has been shown to alter p65 and the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB pathway, thus exerting cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell types. However, the mechanism of action of baicalein in OSCC has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the proliferation of OSCC cells treated with baicalein was examined using a CCK‑8 assay. The effects of baicalein on the cell cycle and apoptosis of OSCC cells were determined by flow cytometric analyses. The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), p65 and p50 at the mRNA and protein levels was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the proliferation of OSCC cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Baicalein also induced apoptosis of OSCC cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Baicalein inhibited the expression of Sp1, p65 and p50 by downregulating the relative mRNA levels. Baicalein reduced the activity of NF‑κB in OSCC cells. Knockdown of Sp1 also resulted in reduced expression of p65 and p50. In addition, Sp1 silencing enhanced the effects of baicalein. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the growth of OSCC cells through an Sp1/NF‑κB‑dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Leone P, Buonavoglia A, Fasano R, Solimando AG, De Re V, Cicco S, Vacca A, Racanelli V. Insights into the Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Micro-RNAs. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122030. [PMID: 31757094 PMCID: PMC6947031 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is angiogenesis, a series of events leading to the formation of the abnormal vascular network required for tumor growth, development, progression, and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs whose functions include modulation of the expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors and regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells. Vascular-associated microRNAs can be either pro- or anti-angiogenic. In cancer, miRNA expression levels are deregulated and typically vary during tumor progression. Experimental data indicate that the tumor phenotype can be modified by targeting miRNA expression. Based on these observations, miRNAs may be promising targets for the development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies. This review discusses the role of various miRNAs and their targets in tumor angiogenesis, describes the strategies and challenges of miRNA-based anti-angiogenic therapies and explores the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5478050; Fax: +39-080-5478-045
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Bio-Proteomics Facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
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19
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Choi YJ, Lee CM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Esculetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1129-1136. [PMID: 31313495 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-cancer effects of ESC in human colon cancer LoVo cells. Cell counting assay results showed that ESC inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells. Cell cycle arrest results showed that cell cycle was arrested during the G0/G1 phase in the ESC-treated LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, and p21 were increased, and cyclin D1, the cell cycle progressive protein, was decreased. Sp1 is a transcription factor regulating cell proliferation, was decreased in the ESC-treated LoVo cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining results showed that ESC induces apoptosis in LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that Bax, cleaved caspase -3, -7, -9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which are proapoptotic proteins, were increased and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased. Taken together, ESC induced apoptosis and has an anti-cancer effect in LoVo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong J Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang M Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong J Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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20
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Shi S, Zhang ZG. Role of Sp1 expression in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4126-4135. [PMID: 31579418 PMCID: PMC6757306 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sp1 (specificity protein 1) is an important transcription factor that regulates multiple cancer-related genes. A number of published studies have explored the relationship between Sp1 expression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Therefore, a deeper level of understanding is required into the molecular biological mechanism of gastric cancer. Finding new tumor biomarkers for the accurate prediction of occurrence, recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer are of great significance. The present study uses a systematic meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis to acquire evidence for a prognosis marker based on Sp1 expression in gastric cancer. A literature search was performed using PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure on 8th June, 2018. A total of 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the expression of Sp1 was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue, compared with that of normal mucosa [odds ratio (OR), −0.53; 95% CI, −0.62–0.44; P<0.0001] and dysplasia (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13–0.44; P<0.0001). A positive association was found Sp1 expression and depth of invasion (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11–0.86), lymph node metastasis (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.22–0.59), TNM staging of gastric cancer (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24–0.79) and Lauren's classification (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.51–1.36), but not with sex or tumor differentiation (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.95–1.88). According to the Oncomine database, Sp1 mRNA expression is significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with that in normal tissues (P<0.05), including that of intestinal, diffuse and mixed-type gastric carcinomas (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier plots show that the expression of Sp1 mRNA is negatively associated with overall and progression-free survival rates of patients with gastric cancer, even when stratified according to expression level (P<0.05). The selected prediction parameter is overall survival or progressive-free survival rate. The expression level of Sp1 was divided into high expression group and low expression group according to the best cut off value provided on the Kaplan-Meier plotter. However, Sp1 protein expression is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and is positively associated with depth of invasion and TNM stage of gastric cancer. The high protein expression of Sp1 might make it a good potential marker for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R China
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21
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Chen YT, Tsai HP, Wu CC, Chen CY, Chai CY, Kwan AL. High-level Sp1 is Associated with Proliferation, Invasion, and Poor Prognosis in Astrocytoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:1003-1013. [PMID: 29948615 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Grade IV glioblastoma is usually refractory to currently available surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic treatments. The Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor is known to regulate tumorigenesis in many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic role of Sp1 protein in the carcinogenesis of astrocytoma. This study analyzed 98 astrocytoma cases treated at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital during 2002-2012. Clinicopathologic parameters associated with Sp1 were analyzed by chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression analyses. In vitro proliferation, invasion, and migration were compared between non-siRNA groups and Sp1 siRNA groups. In glioblastoma cells treated with Sp1 siRNA, Western blot was also used to detect expressions of Sp1, Ki-67, VEGF, cyclin D1, E-cadherin, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins. Expression of Sp1 was significantly associated with WHO grade (p = 0.005) and with overall survival time (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further revealed that prognosis of astrocytoma was significantly associated with Sp1 expression (p = 0.036) and IDH-1 expression (p < 0.001). In vitro silencing of Sp1 downregulated Sp1, Ki-67, and cyclin D1 but upregulated E-cadherin, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. These data suggest that Sp1 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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22
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Lee YJ, Kim WI, Kim SY, Cho SW, Nam HS, Lee SH, Cho MK. Flavonoid morin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of melanoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species, Sp1 and Mcl-1. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:531-542. [PMID: 31049822 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with cancer progression in different cancers, including melanoma. It also affects specificity protein (Sp1), a transcription factor. Flavonoid morin is known to inhibit growth of cancer cells, including lung cancer and breast cancer. Herein, we hypothesized that morin can inhibit cancer activities in melanoma by altering ROS generation. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of morin and its underlying mechanisms in melanoma cells. Effects of morin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using standardized assays. Changes in pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot analysis. Cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial function were evaluated by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence and rhodamine-123 fluorescence intensities, respectively. Morin induced ROS production and apoptosis, as presented by increased proportion of cells with Annexin V-PE(+) staining and sub-G0/G1 peak in cell cycle analysis. It also downregulated Sp1, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 but upregulated cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and PUMA. In immunohistochemical staining, Sp1 was overexpressed in melanoma tissues compared to normal skin tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that morin can induce apoptosis of melanoma cells by regulating pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins through ROS, and may be a potential substance for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Il Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Seon Nam
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Akbari Kordkheyli V, Khonakdar Tarsi A, Mishan MA, Tafazoli A, Bardania H, Zarpou S, Bagheri A. Effects of quercetin on microRNAs: A mechanistic review. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12141-12155. [PMID: 30957271 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-dependent pathways are one of the newest gene regulation mechanisms in various diseases, particularly in cancers. miRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNAs with about 18 to 25 nucleotide length, which can regulate the expression of at least 60% of human total genome posttranscriptionally. Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid in a variety of fruits, flowers, and medical herbs, known as a strong free radical scavenger that could show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Recent studies also reported its strong impact on various miRNA expressions in different abnormalities. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies focused on the effects of quercetin on different miRNA expressions to more clear the main possible mechanisms of quercetin influences and introduce it as a beneficial agent for regulation of miRNAs in various biological directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Akbari Kordkheyli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Khonakdar Tarsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Mishan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tafazoli
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Setareh Zarpou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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24
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Wang R, Xu J, Xu J, Zhu W, Qiu T, Li J, Zhang M, Wang Q, Xu T, Guo R, Lu K, Yin Y, Gu Y, Zhu L, Huang P, Liu P, Liu L, De W, Shu Y. MiR-326/Sp1/KLF3: A novel regulatory axis in lung cancer progression. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12551. [PMID: 30485570 PMCID: PMC6495967 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and regulatory mechanism of Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) in lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS KLF3 expression was analysed by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. The proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and EdU, wound-healing and Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. The tumour growth was detected by nude mouse tumorigenesis assay. In addition, the interaction between KLF3 and Sp1 was accessed by luciferase reporter, EMSA and ChIP assay. JAK2, STAT3, PI3K and p-AKT levels were evaluated by Western blot and IHC assays. RESULTS The results indicated that KLF3 expression was elevated in lung cancer tissues. Knockdown of KLF3 inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, the downregulation of KLF3 suppressed tumour growth in vivo. KLF3 was transcriptionally activated by Sp1. miR-326 could bind to 3'UTR of Sp1 but not KLF3 and decreased the accumulation of Sp1, which further indirectly reduced KLF3 expression and inactivated JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that miR-326/Sp1/KLF3 regulatory axis is involved in the development of lung cancer, which hints the potential target for the further therapeutic strategy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Tianzhu Qiu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Puwen Huang
- Department of OncologyLiyang people's Hospital of Jiangsu ProvinceLiyangChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Lianke Liu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
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25
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Fabrizio FP, Trombetta D, Rossi A, Sparaneo A, Castellana S, Muscarella LA. Gene code CD274/PD-L1: from molecular basis toward cancer immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918815598. [PMID: 30574211 PMCID: PMC6299305 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918815598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are key molecules of immune checkpoint mechanisms in cancer and actually represent one of the main targets of immunotherapy. The predictive and prognostic values of PD-L1 expression alone in cancer patients is currently under debate due to the methodological assessment of PD-L1 expression and its temporal variations. Better detailed studies about the molecular basis of immunotherapy biomarkers are necessary. Here we summarize the current knowledge of PD-L1 gene modifications at genetic and epigenetic levels in different tumors, thus highlighting their reported correlation with cellular processes and potential impact on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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26
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Tan Z, Jia J, Jiang Y. MiR-150-3p targets SP1 and suppresses the growth of glioma cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180019. [PMID: 29654167 PMCID: PMC6048207 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma has been considered as one of the most prevalent and common malignancy of the nervous system; however, the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the occurrence and development of glioma still remain largely unknown. Amounting evidence highlights the critical regulatory function of miRNAs in carcinogenesis. Here, we showed that the expression of miR-150-3p was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines. Suppressed expression of miR-150-3p was associated with the lymph node metastasis of the glioma patients. Overexpression of miR-150-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. Molecular study uncovered that the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) was identified as one of the targets of miR-150-3p Highly expressed miR-150-3p in glioma cells significantly decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of SP1. Consistently, the abundance of phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a negative downstream target of SP1, was increased with the ectopic miR-150-3p Collectively, these results suggested that miR-150-3p suppressed the growth of glioma cells partially via regulating SP1 and possibly PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiaoying Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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27
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Safe S, Abbruzzese J, Abdelrahim M, Hedrick E. Specificity Protein Transcription Factors and Cancer: Opportunities for Drug Development. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:371-382. [PMID: 29545399 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) such as Sp1 are critical for early development but their expression decreases with age and there is evidence that transformation of normal cells to cancer cells is associated with upregulation of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in cancer cells and tumors. Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic, colon, glioma, gastric, breast, prostate, and lung cancer patients. Functional studies also demonstrate that Sp TFs regulate genes responsible for cancer cell growth, survival, migration/invasion, inflammation and drug resistance, and Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are also nononcogene addiction (NOA) genes and important drug targets. The mechanisms of drug-induced downregulation of Sp TFs and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes are complex and include ROS-dependent epigenetic pathways that initially decrease expression of the oncogene cMyc. Many compounds such as curcumin, aspirin, and metformin that are active in cancer prevention also exhibit chemotherapeutic activity and these compounds downregulate Sp TFs in cancer cell lines and tumors. The effects of these compounds on downregulation of Sp TFs in normal cells and the contribution of this response to their chemopreventive activity have not yet been determined. Cancer Prev Res; 11(7); 371-82. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - James Abbruzzese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- GI Medical Oncology, Cockrell Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Houston Methodist Cancer Center and Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Erik Hedrick
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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28
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Huang L, Qin Y, Zuo Q, Bhatnagar K, Xiong J, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ezrin mediates both HGF/Met autocrine and non-autocrine signaling-induced metastasis in melanoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1652-1663. [PMID: 29210059 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant HGF/Met signaling promotes tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis through both autocrine and non-autocrine mechanisms; however, the molecular downstream signaling mechanisms by which HGF/Met induces metastasis are incompletely understood. We here report that Ezrin expression is stimulated by HGF and correlates with activated HGF/Met, indicating that HGF/Met signaling regulates the expression of Ezrin. We show that HGF/Met signaling activates the transcription factor Sp1 through the MAPK pathway, and activated Sp1 can in turn directly bind to the promoter of Ezrin gene and regulate its transcription. Notably, knockdown of Ezrin expression by shRNAs inhibits the metastasis induced by either HGF/Met autocrine or non-autocrine signaling in syngeneic wildtype and HGF transgenic mouse hosts. We also used small molecule drugs in preclinical mouse models to confirm that Ezrin is one of the downstream molecules mediating HGF/Met signaling-induced metastasis in melanoma. We conclude that Ezrin is a key downstream factor involved in the regulation of HGF/Met signaling-induced metastasis and demonstrate a link between Ezrin and HGF/Met/MAPK/Sp1 activation in the metastatic process. Our data indicate that Ezrin represents a promising therapeutic target for patients bearing tumors with activated HGF/Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Qin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Kavita Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Jingbo Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
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29
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Zhang H, Li L, Li M, Huang X, Xie W, Xiang W, Yao P. Combination of betulinic acid and chidamide inhibits acute myeloid leukemia by suppression of the HIF1α pathway and generation of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94743-94758. [PMID: 29212263 PMCID: PMC5706909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder of the hematopoietic system with no common genetic “Achilles heel” that can be targeted. Most patients respond well to standard therapy, while a majority relapse, and development of an effective therapy for AML patients is still urgently needed. In this study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid (BA) significantly increased Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression through demethylation on the AHR promoter in AML cells, and the increased AHR expression interacts with and sequesters ARNT, subsequently suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) pathway. We also found that histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide (CDM) treatment significantly increased p300 over-acetylation in AML cells with dissociation of p300 with HIF1α, and subsequently suppressed the HIF1α pathway. Further investigation showed that BA/CDM combination additively increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with DNA damage, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Also, BA/CDM combination additively suppressed the HIF1α pathway with decreased VEGF expression. in vivo mice study showed that BA/CDM combination significantly suppressed AML tumor growth, and overexpression of SOD2 and a constitutive HIF1α (HIF1C) completely diminished this effect. We conclude that a BA/CDM combination inhibits AML tumors through ROS over-generation and HIF1α pathway suppression. This is the first time we have shown the potential effect and possible mechanism of BA and CDM on the inhibition of AML tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Xie
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, P.R. China
| | - Paul Yao
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, P.R. China.,Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
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30
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Liao X, Lu Y, Yang J, Kuang T, Jiang L, Wang Y, Kang H, Jiang B, Zhou X, He S. Transcription factor Sp1 is necessary and functional in regulating expression of oncogene ZNF703. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Ying J, Yu X, Ma C, Zhang Y, Dong J. MicroRNA-363-3p is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and inhibits tumorigenesis by directly targeting specificity protein 1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1603-1611. [PMID: 28627662 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs exhibit important regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development, such as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to investigate the expression and functional roles of microRNA (miR)‑363‑3p in HCC. miR-363-3p expression levels in a number of HCC tissues and cell lines were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). The effects of miR‑363‑3p expression on HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were exa-mined by MTT assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. The effects of miR‑363‑3p on its downstream target gene, specificity protein 1 (SP1), were examined by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, RT‑qPCR and western blotting. An SP1 overexpression vector was subsequently transfected into HCC cells to assess any selective effects on miR‑363‑3p in modulating HCC. The results revealed that miR‑363‑3p expression levels were downregulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines, and this low expression level was correlated with tumor size, tumor‑node‑metastasis stage and venous infiltration in patients with HCC. Upregulation of miR‑363‑3p inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cell cultures. In HCC cells transfected with an SP1 expression vector the miR‑363‑3p‑induced tumor suppressive roles on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were reversed. In conclusion, results from the present study indicated that miR‑363‑3p is a tumor suppressor in HCC and functions through a mechanism involving SP1, suggesting that miR‑363‑3p may be a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xuyi, Xuyi, Jiangsu 211700, P.R. China
| | - Xuechun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xuyi, Xuyi, Jiangsu 211700, P.R. China
| | - Chaojian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xuyi, Xuyi, Jiangsu 211700, P.R. China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xuyi, Xuyi, Jiangsu 211700, P.R. China
| | - Jingwu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xuyi, Xuyi, Jiangsu 211700, P.R. China
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Tao LH, Zhou XR, Li FC, Chen Q, Meng FY, Mao Y, Li R, Hua D, Zhang HJ, Wang WP, Chen WC. A polymorphism in the promoter region of PD-L1 serves as a binding-site for SP1 and is associated with PD-L1 overexpression and increased occurrence of gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:309-318. [PMID: 27889799 PMCID: PMC11028453 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1 is a member of the B7 family co-inhibitory molecules and plays a critical role in tumor immune escape. In this study, we found a polymorphism rs10815225 in the PD-L1 promoter region was significantly associated with the occurrence of gastric cancer. The GG homozygous frequency was higher in the cancer patients than that in the precancerous lesions, which was higher than that in the health controls. This polymorphism locates in the binding-site of Sp1 transcription factor (SP1). The expression level of PD-L1 mRNA in the GG homozygous cancer patients was apparently higher than that in the GC heterozygotes. Luciferase reporter results showed that SP1 bonded to rs10815225 G-allelic PD-L1 promoter instead of C-allelic. Upregulation and knockdown of SP1 resulted in elevation and attenuation of PD-L1 in SGC-7901 cells, respectively. The chromatin immunoprecipitation results further confirmed the binding of SP1 to the promoter of PD-L1. Additionally, rs10815225 was found to be in disequilibrium with a functional polymorphism rs4143815 in the PD-L1 3'-UTR, and the haplotypes of these two polymorphisms were also markedly related to gastric cancer risk. These results revealed a novel mechanism underlying genetic polymorphisms influencing PD-L1 expression modify gastric cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Tao
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fu-Chao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan-Yi Meng
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Peng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Wei-Chang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Sankpal UT, Goodison S, Jones-Pauley M, Hurtado M, Zhang F, Basha R. Tolfenamic acid-induced alterations in genes and pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14593-14603. [PMID: 28099934 PMCID: PMC5362428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being tested extensively for their role in the treatment and prevention of several cancers. Typically NSAIDs exhibit anti-tumor activities via modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent mechanisms, however, an anti-cancer NSAID tolfenamic acid (TA) is believed to work through COX-independent pathways. Results from our laboratory and others have demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of TA in various cancer models including pancreatic cancer. TA has been shown to modulate certain cellular processes including, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and signaling. In this study, molecular profiling was performed to precisely understand the mode of action of TA. Three pancreatic cancer cell lines, L3.6pl, MIA PaCa-2, and Panc1 were treated with TA (50 μM for 48 h) and the changes in gene expression was evaluated using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene ST Array platform. Microarray results were further validated using quantitative PCR for seven genes altered by TA treatment in all three cell lines. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (2 fold increase or decrease, p < 0.05) using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, revealed that TA treatment predominantly affected the genes involved in cell cycle, cell growth and proliferation, and cell death and survival. Promoter analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that they are enriched for Sp1 binding sites, suggesting that Sp1 could be a major contributor in mediating the effect of TA. The gene expression studies identified new targets involved in TA's mode of action, while supporting the hypothesis about the association of Sp1 in TA mediated effects in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh T. Sankpal
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Jones-Pauley
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Myrna Hurtado
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
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Arora N, Alsaied O, Dauer P, Majumder K, Modi S, Giri B, Dudeja V, Banerjee S, Von Hoff D, Saluja A. Downregulation of Sp1 by Minnelide leads to decrease in HSP70 and decrease in tumor burden of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171827. [PMID: 28192510 PMCID: PMC5305197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide with poor survival rates. Even though a number of chemotherapeutic compounds have been used against this disease, stomach cancer has not been particularly sensitive to these drugs. In this study we have evaluated the effect of triptolide, a naturally derived diterpene triepoxide and its water soluble pro-drug Minnelide on several gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines both as monotherapy and in combination with CPT-11. METHODS Gastric cancer cell lines MKN28 and MKN45 were treated with varying doses of triptolide in vitro. Cell viability was measured using MTT based assay kit. Apoptotic cell death was assayed by measuring caspase activity. Effect of the triptolide pro-drug, Minnelide, was evaluated by implanting the gastric cancer cells subcutaneously in athymic nude mice. RESULTS Gastric cancer cell lines MKN28 and MKN45 cells exhibited decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis when treated with varying doses of triptolide in vitro. When implanted in athymic nude mice, treatment with Minnelide reduced tumor burden in both MKN28 derived tumors as well as MKN45 derived tumors. Additionally, we also evaluated Minnelide as a single agent and in combination with CPT-11 in the NCI-N87 human gastric tumor xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the combination of Minnelide with CPT-11 resulted in significantly smaller tumors compared to control. These studies are extremely encouraging as Minnelide is currently undergoing phase 1 clinical trials for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Arora
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
| | - Osama Alsaied
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
| | - Patricia Dauer
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
- Div. of Surgical Oncology Dept. of Surgery University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
| | - Shrey Modi
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
- Div. of Surgical Oncology Dept. of Surgery University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
- Div. of Surgical Oncology Dept. of Surgery University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
- Div. of Surgical Oncology Dept. of Surgery University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
- Div. of Surgical Oncology Dept. of Surgery University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- TGen/Virginia G. Piper Cancer Ctr, Suite 600, Phoenix, AZ United States of America
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Div. of Basic and Translational Research Dept. of Surgery University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States of America
- Div. of Surgical Oncology Dept. of Surgery University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Petrelli F, Berenato R, Turati L, Mennitto A, Steccanella F, Caporale M, Dallera P, de Braud F, Pezzica E, Di Bartolomeo M, Sgroi G, Mazzaferro V, Pietrantonio F, Barni S. Prognostic value of diffuse versus intestinal histotype in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:148-163. [PMID: 28280619 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are two distinct types of gastric carcinoma (GC), intestinal, more frequently sporadic and linked to environmental factors, and diffuse (undifferentiated) that is highly metastatic and characterized by rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis. However, there are many conflicting data in the literature concerning the association between histology and prognosis in GC. This meta-analysis was performed to provide demonstration if histology according to Lauren classification is associated with different prognosis in patients with GC. METHODS We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE for all eligible studies. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in terms of overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 73 published studies including 61,468 patients with GC were included in this meta-analysis. Our analysis indicates that GC patients with diffuse-type histology have a worst prognosis than those with intestinal subgroup in all studies (HR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17-1.29; P<0.0001), in both loco-regional confined (HR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.30; P<0.0001) and advanced disease (HR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.046-1.50; P=0.014), in Asiatic (HR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.14-1.27; P<0.0001) and Western patients (HR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41; P<0.0001), and in those not exposed (HR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.24; P<0.0001) or exposed (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.37; P<0.0001) to (neo)adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that histology might be a useful prognostic marker for both early and advanced GC patients, with intestinal-type associated with a better outcome. This information could be used for stratification purpose in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Petrelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Rosa Berenato
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Turati
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Surgery Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Alessia Mennitto
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Steccanella
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Surgery Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Marta Caporale
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Dallera
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Surgery Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezio Pezzica
- Pathology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Maria Di Bartolomeo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Surgery Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Barni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio (BG), Italy
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37
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Zhang HW, Wang EW, Li LX, Yi SH, Li LC, Xu FL, Wang DL, Wu YZ, Nian WQ. A regulatory loop involving miR-29c and Sp1 elevates the TGF-β1 mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:85905-85916. [PMID: 27829234 PMCID: PMC5349884 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein1 (Sp1) is required for TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which has been demonstrated to aggravate the progression of cancer including lung cancer. microRNA-29c (miR-29c) is identified to inhibit EMT, but the correlation between miR-29c and Sp1 in human lung cancer remain incompletely clarified. Here, we confirmed decreased expression of miR-29c and enhanced expression of Sp1 in lung cancer tissues (n = 20) and found that Sp1 could be targeted and inhibited by miR-29c. Besides, the expression of miR-29c was down-regulated in high-metastatic lung cancer cell lines and TGF-β1-treated cells. The inhibition of miR-29c or overexpression of Sp1 in 95C and A549 cells dramatically enhanced the cell migration and invasion, and also induced the decrease in the expression of epithelial markers, e.g. thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and E-cadherin, together with an increase in mesenchymal markers including vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which could be restored by overexpression of miR-29c mimics during the TGF-β-induced EMT. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed and the results indicated that miR-29c/Sp1 could form an auto-regulatory loop with TGF-β1, which impaired TGFB1 transcription. Furthermore, miR-29c overexpression could abrogate the tumor progression and inhibit the Sp1/TGF-β expressions in vivo, indicating that miR-29c could be a tumor suppressor and repress the Sp1/TGF-β axis-induced EMT in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - En-wen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shou-hui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-chun Li
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Fa-liang Xu
- Center of Breast Cancer, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-zhong Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-qi Nian
- Key Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
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38
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Safe S, Kasiappan R. Natural Products as Mechanism-based Anticancer Agents: Sp Transcription Factors as Targets. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1723-1732. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Ravi Kasiappan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-4466 USA
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39
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Sankpal UT, Ingersoll SB, Ahmad S, Holloway RW, Bhat VB, Simecka JW, Daniel L, Kariali E, Vishwanatha JK, Basha R. Association of Sp1 and survivin in epithelial ovarian cancer: Sp1 inhibitor and cisplatin, a novel combination for inhibiting epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14259-14269. [PMID: 27581819 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and survivin was evaluated in clinical specimens of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. When compared to normal tissue, EOC samples showed high expression of Sp1 and survivin using qPCR (Sp1: ∼2-fold; survivin: ∼5-fold) and Western blot (Sp1: >2.6-fold; survivin: >100-fold). The Sp1 inhibitor, and anti-cancer small molecule, tolfenamic acid (TA), was tested to enhance the response of Cisplatin (Cis) in EOC cell lines. Cell viability (CellTiter-Glo), combination index (CalcuSyn software), apoptosis (Annexin-V staining), cell cycle analyses (flow cytometry), and reactive oxygen species (flow cytometry) were determined. Cell migration and invasion was assessed using matrigel coated transwell chambers. Agilent Technologies proteomics analysis identified potential signaling pathways involved. The combination of TA (50 μM) and Cis (5 μM) synergistically increased the growth inhibition in ES2 (∼80 %, p < 0.001) and OVCAR-3 (60 %, p < 0.001) cells. TA or TA + Cis treatment in ES2 cells caused cell cycle arrest in G1 Phase (TA) or S-Phase (TA + Cis) and unregulated reactive oxygen species. Invasion and migration was decreased in ES2 cells. Global proteomic profiling showed modulation of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, electron transport chain, DNA damage, and cell cycle proteins. These results demonstrate an association of Sp1 and survivin in EOC and confirm targeting these candidates with TA potentially sensitizes EOC cells to cisplatin.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Proteomics/methods
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Survivin
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh T Sankpal
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Susan B Ingersoll
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Robert W Holloway
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | | | - Jerry W Simecka
- Pre-clinical Services, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Liz Daniel
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Ekamber Kariali
- Department of Biotechnology, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768019, India
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
- Pre-clinical Services, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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40
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5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment downregulates the HPV E6 and E7 oncogene expression and blocks neoplastic growth of HPV-associated cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52104-52117. [PMID: 28881717 PMCID: PMC5581016 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (hr HPVs) may cause various human cancers and associated premalignant lesions. Transformation of the host cells is triggered by overexpression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 that deregulate the cell cycle and induce chromosomal instability. This process is accompanied by hypermethylation of distinct CpG sites resulting in silencing of tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the viral E2 mediated control of E6 and E7 transcription as well as deregulated expression of host cell microRNAs. Therefore, we hypothesized that treatment with demethylating agents might restore those regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) strongly decreases the expression of E6 and E7 in a panel of HPV-transformed cervical cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Reduction of E6 and E7 further resulted in increased target protein levels including p53 and p21 reducing the proliferation rates and colony formation abilities of the treated cell lines. Moreover, DAC treatment led to enhanced expression of tumor the suppressive miRNA-375 that targets and degrades E6 and E7 transcripts. Therefore, we suggest that DAC treatment of HPV-associated cancers and respective precursor lesions may constitute a targeted approach to subvert HPV oncogene functions that deserves testing in clinical trials.
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41
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Pavlakis N, Sjoquist KM, Martin AJ, Tsobanis E, Yip S, Kang YK, Bang YJ, Alcindor T, O'Callaghan CJ, Burnell MJ, Tebbutt NC, Rha SY, Lee J, Cho JY, Lipton LR, Wong M, Strickland A, Kim JW, Zalcberg JR, Simes J, Goldstein D. Regorafenib for the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer (INTEGRATE): A Multinational Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2728-35. [PMID: 27325864 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.65.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the activity of regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an international (Australia and New Zealand, South Korea, and Canada) randomized phase II trial in which patients were randomly assigned at a two-to-one ratio and stratified by lines of prior chemotherapy for advanced disease (one v two) and region. Eligible patients received best supportive care plus regorafenib 160 mg or matching placebo orally on days 1 to 21 of each 28-day cycle until disease progression or prohibitive adverse events occurred. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Final analysis included data to December 31, 2014. RESULTS A total of 152 patients were randomly assigned from November 7, 2012, to February 25, 2014, yielding 147 evaluable patients (regorafenib, n = 97; placebo, n = 50). Baseline characteristics were balanced. Median PFS significantly differed between groups (regorafenib, 2.6 months; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.1 and placebo, 0.9 months; 95% CI, 0.9 to 0.9; hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.59; P < .001). The effect was greater in South Korea than in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada combined (HR, 0.12 v 0.61; interaction P < .001) but consistent across age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, primary site, lines of chemotherapy, peritoneal metastasis presence, number of metastatic sites, and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A. A survival trend in favor of regorafenib was seen (median, 5.8 months; 95% CI, 4.4 to 6.8 v 4.5 months; 95% CI, 3.4 to 5.2; HR, 0.74; P = .147). Twenty-nine patients assigned to placebo received open-label regorafenib after disease progression. Regorafenib toxicity was similar to that previously reported. CONCLUSION In this phase II trial, regorafenib was effective in prolonging PFS in refractory advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Regional differences were found, but regorafenib was effective in both regional groups. A phase III trial is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Pavlakis
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Katrin M Sjoquist
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andrew J Martin
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Eric Tsobanis
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sonia Yip
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thierry Alcindor
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Christopher J O'Callaghan
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Margot J Burnell
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Niall C Tebbutt
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jae-Yong Cho
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lara R Lipton
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mark Wong
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andrew Strickland
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - John R Zalcberg
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - John Simes
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David Goldstein
- Nick Pavlakis, Niall C. Tebbutt, Lara R. Lipton, John R. Zalcberg, John Simes, and David Goldstein, Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group; Nick Pavlakis, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, and John Simes, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney; Katrin M. Sjoquist, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital; Sonia Yip, Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre; Mark Wong, Westmead Hospital; David Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Niall C. Tebbutt, Austin Health; Lara R. Lipton, Western Health; Andrew Strickland, Monash Medical Centre; John R. Zalcberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Yoon-Koo Kang, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Yung-Jue Bang, Seoul National University Hospital; Sun Young Rha, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Jeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Jae-Yong Cho, Gangnam Severance Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Jin Won Kim, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Thierry Alcindor, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Christopher J. O'Callaghan, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario; and Margot J. Burnell, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Kong LM, Yao L, Lu N, Dong YL, Zhang J, Wang YQ, Liu L, Zhang HL, Huang JG, Liao CG. Interaction of KLF6 and Sp1 regulates basigin-2 expression mediated proliferation, invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:27975-87. [PMID: 27057625 PMCID: PMC5053703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor suppressor gene Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) plays important roles in both development and progression of cancer. However, the role of KLF6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Cancer-related molecule basigin-2 plays an important role in HCC progression and metastasis. Sp1, one of Sp/KLFs family members, regulates basigin-2 expression in HCC. The involvement of KLFs in basigin-2 regulation and HCC progression and metastasis has not been investigated. We first measured KLF6 expression levels in 50 pairs of HCC and adjacent normal tissues (ANTs) by immunohistochemistry. Specifically, low KLF6 expression but high Sp1 and basigin-2 expression were found in HCC tissues. By contrast, the ANTs showed high KLF6 expression but low Sp1 and basigin-2 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher expression of KLF6 was associated with better overall survival. The survival rate of KLF6-negative patients was lower than that of KLF6-positive patients (P = 0.015). We also found that KLF6 binds to the basigin-2 and Sp1 promoters and decreases their expression. Thus, we identified a microcircuitry mechanism in which KLF6 can repress basigin-2 expression directly by binding to its promoter or indirectly by inhibiting the expression of the transcription factor Sp1 to block gene expression. Additionally, overexpression of KLF6 suppressed the invasion, metastasis and proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting basigin-2. Our study provides new evidence that interaction of KLF6 and Sp1 regulates basigin-2 expression in HCC and that KLF6 represses the invasive and metastatic capacities of HCC through basigin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Min Kong
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of PLA, Urumqi, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Lu Dong
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of PLA, Urumqi, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of PLA, Urumqi, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of PLA, Urumqi, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - He-Long Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of PLA, Urumqi, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Gong Liao
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of PLA, Urumqi, 830000, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
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Takeuchi H, Taoka R, Mmeje CO, Jinesh GG, Safe S, Kamat AM. CDODA-Me decreases specificity protein transcription factors and induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells through induction of reactive oxygen species. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:337.e11-8. [PMID: 27038699 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to determine whether methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18b-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate (CDODA-Me) has therapeutic potential in bladder cancer. We investigated the effects of CDODA-Me on the growth and survival of bladder cancer cells, and expression of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors that regulate genes associated with cancer cell proliferation and survival. METHODS J82, RT4P, and 253JB-V bladder cancer cell lines were treated with vehicle alone or with CDODA-Me with or without the antioxidant l-glutathione. Cell viability and DNA fragmentation were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and propidium iodide-fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate-FACS analysis. We assessed CDODA's effects on the levels of Sp and Sp-regulated proteins and induction of apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by Western blotting. We also assessed the anticancer effects of CDODA-Me in nude mice bearing RT4v6 bladder cancer. RESULTS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and FACS analysis revealed that CDODA-Me inhibited the proliferation and survival of the 3 bladder cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. FACS analysis also indicated that CDODA-Me-induced intracellular ROS, and Western blot analysis indicated that CDODA-Me decreased levels of Sp and Sp-regulated proteins and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. l-Glutathione attenuated CDODA-Me's down-regulation of Sp and Sp-regulated proteins. Compared with the control treatment, CDODA-Me substantially inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS CDODA-Me has antineoplastic activity in bladder cancer cells by inducing ROS, which down-regulate Sp and Sp-regulated proteins. Thus, CDODA-Me has therapeutic potential in bladder cancer, and additional studies of the agent's efficacy and mode of action are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chinedu O Mmeje
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Goodwin G Jinesh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen Safe
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Yen WH, Ke WS, Hung JJ, Chen TM, Chen JS, Sun HS. Sp1-mediated ectopic expression of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:465-77. [PMID: 26763486 PMCID: PMC4799941 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) is a neuron-specific protein that has been found ectopically expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results from clinical specimens and cellular and animal models have shown that the short form of TIAM2 (TIAM2S) functions as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of liver cancer. However, the regulation of TIAM2S ectopic expression in HCC cells remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying the ectopic expression of TIAM2S in liver cancer cells. In this report, we provide evidence illustrating that Sp1 binds directly to the GC box located in the TIAM2S core promoter. We further demonstrated that overexpression of Sp1 in HepaRG cells promotes endogenous TIAM2S mRNA and protein expressions, and knockdown of Sp1 in 2 HCC cell lines, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5, led to a substantial reduction in TIAM2S mRNA and protein in these cells. Of 60 paired HCC samples, 70% showed a significant increase (from 1.1- to 3.6-fold) in Sp1 protein expression in the tumor cells. The elevated Sp1 expression was highly correlated with both TIAM2S mRNA and protein expressions in these samples. Together, these results illustrate that Sp1 positively controls TIAM2S transcription and that Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation is essential for TIAM2S ectopic expression in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Yen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Sian Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - H S Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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Basha R, Connelly SF, Sankpal UT, Nagaraju GP, Patel H, Vishwanatha JK, Shelake S, Tabor-Simecka L, Shoji M, Simecka JW, El-Rayes B. Small molecule tolfenamic acid and dietary spice curcumin treatment enhances antiproliferative effect in pancreatic cancer cells via suppressing Sp1, disrupting NF-kB translocation to nucleus and cell cycle phase distribution. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:77-87. [PMID: 27133426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Combination of dietary/herbal spice curcumin (Cur) and COX inhibitors has been tested for improving therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer (PC). The objective of this study was to identify agent with low toxicity and COX-independent mechanism to induce PC cell growth inhibition when used along with Cur. Anticancer NSAID, tolfenamic acid (TA) and Cur combination were evaluated using PC cell lines. L3.6pl and MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with Cur (5-25μM) or TA (25-100μM) or combination of Cur (7.5μM) and TA (50μM). Cell viability was measured at 24-72h posttreatment using CellTiter-Glo kit. While both agents showed a steady/consistent effect, Cur+TA caused higher growth inhibition. Antiproliferative effect was compared with COX inhibitors, Ibuprofen and Celebrex. Cardiotoxicity was assessed using cordiomyocytes (H9C2). The expression of Sp proteins, survivin and apoptotic markers (western blot), caspase 3/7 (caspase-Glo kit), Annexin-V staining (flow cytometry), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle phase distribution (flow cytometry) was measured. Cells were treated with TNF-α, and NF-kB translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus was evaluated (immunofluorescence). When compared to individual agents, combination of Cur+TA caused significant increase in apoptotic markers, ROS levels and inhibited NF-kB translocation to nucleus. TA caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, and the combination treatment showed mostly DNA synthesis phase arrest. These results suggest that combination of Cur+TA is less toxic and effectively enhance the therapeutic efficacy in PC cells via COX-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Basha
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107; Pre-clinical Services, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107.
| | | | - Umesh T Sankpal
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Hassaan Patel
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107
| | - Sagar Shelake
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107
| | - Leslie Tabor-Simecka
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107
| | - Mamoru Shoji
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Jerry W Simecka
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107; Pre-clinical Services, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107; College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
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Zeng X, Xu Z, Gu J, Huang H, Gao G, Zhang X, Li J, Jin H, Jiang G, Sun H, Huang C. Induction of miR-137 by Isorhapontigenin (ISO) Directly Targets Sp1 Protein Translation and Mediates Its Anticancer Activity Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:512-22. [PMID: 26832795 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies found that isorhapontigenin (ISO) showed a significant inhibitory effect on human bladder cancer cell growth, accompanied with cell-cycle G0-G1 arrest as well as downregulation of Cyclin D1 expression at transcriptional level via inhibition of Sp1 transactivation in bladder cancer cells. In the current study, the potential ISO inhibition of bladder tumor formation has been explored in a xenograft nude mouse model, and the molecular mechanisms underlying ISO inhibition of Sp1 expression and anticancer activities have been elucidated both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the studies demonstrated that ISO treatment induced the expression of miR-137, which in turn suppressed Sp1 protein translation by directly targeting Sp1 mRNA 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Similar to ISO treatment, ectopic expression of miR-137 alone led to G0-G1 cell growth arrest and inhibition of anchorage-independent growth in human bladder cancer cells, which could be completely reversed by overexpression of GFP-Sp1. The inhibition of miR-137 expression attenuated ISO-induced inhibition of Sp1/Cyclin D1 expression, induction of G0-G1 cell growth arrest, and suppression of cell anchorage-independent growth. Taken together, our studies have demonstrated that miR-137 induction by ISO targets Sp1 mRNA 3'-UTR and inhibits Sp1 protein translation, which consequently results in reduction of Cyclin D1 expression, induction of G0-G1 growth arrest, and inhibition of anchorage-independent growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results have provided novel insights into understanding the anticancer activity of ISO in the therapy of human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingruo Zeng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York. Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishan Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Hong Sun
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York.
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Wang M, Sang J, Ren Y, Liu K, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang J, Orian A, Yang J, Yi J. SENP3 regulates the global protein turnover and the Sp1 level via antagonizing SUMO2/3-targeted ubiquitination and degradation. Protein Cell 2016; 7:63-77. [PMID: 26511642 PMCID: PMC4707158 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is recently found to function as a targeting signal for the degradation of substrates through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. RNF4 is the most studied human SUMO-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase. However, the relationship between SUMO proteases, SENPs, and RNF4 remains obscure. There are limited examples of the SENP regulation of SUMO2/3-targeted proteolysis mediated by RNF4. The present study investigated the role of SENP3 in the global protein turnover related to SUMO2/3-targeted ubiquitination and focused in particular on the SENP3 regulation of the stability of Sp1. Our data demonstrated that SENP3 impaired the global ubiquitination profile and promoted the accumulation of many proteins. Sp1, a cancer-associated transcription factor, was among these proteins. SENP3 increased the level of Sp1 protein via antagonizing the SUMO2/3-targeted ubiquitination and the consequent proteasome-dependent degradation that was mediated by RNF4. De-conjugation of SUMO2/3 by SENP3 attenuated the interaction of Sp1 with RNF4. In gastric cancer cell lines and specimens derived from patients and nude mice, the level of Sp1 was generally increased in parallel to the level of SENP3. These results provided a new explanation for the enrichment of the Sp1 protein in various cancers, and revealed a regulation of SUMO2/3 conjugated proteins whose levels may be tightly controlled by SENP3 and RNF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Sang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanhua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kejia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haolu Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Amir Orian
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Li X, Pathi SS, Safe S. Sulindac sulfide inhibits colon cancer cell growth and downregulates specificity protein transcription factors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:974. [PMID: 26673922 PMCID: PMC4682223 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors play pivotal roles in maintaining the phenotypes of many cancers. We hypothesized that the antineoplastic effects of sulindac and its metabolites were due, in part, to targeting downregulation of Sp transcription factors. Methods The functional effects of sulindac, sulindac sulfone and sulindac sulfide on colon cancer cell proliferation were determined by cell counting. Effects of these compounds on expression of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes were determined by western blot analysis of whole cell lysates and in transient transfection assays using GC-rich constructs. Results Sulindac and its metabolites inhibited RKO and SW480 colon cancer cell growth and the order of growth inhibitory potency was sulindac sulfide > > sulindac sulfone > sulindac. Treatment of SW480 and RKO cells with sulindac sulfide downregulated expression of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 proteins. Sulindac sulfide also decreased expression of several Sp-regulated genes that are critical for cancer cell survival, proliferation and angiogenesis and these include survivin, bcl-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D1, p65 subunit of NFκB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Sulindac sulfide also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the level of microRNA-27a in colon cancer cells, which resulted in the upregulation of the Sp-repressor ZBTB10 and this resulted in downregulation of Sp proteins. Conclusions The results suggest that the cancer chemotherapeutic effects of sulindac in colon cancer cells are due, in part, to its metabolite sulindac sulfide which downregulates Sp transcription factors and Sp-regulated pro-oncogenic gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Satya S Pathi
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
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Xu TP, Liu XX, Xia R, Yin L, Kong R, Chen WM, Huang MD, Shu YQ. SP1-induced upregulation of the long noncoding RNA TINCR regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by affecting KLF2 mRNA stability in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2015; 34:5648-61. [PMID: 25728677 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA TINCR shows aberrant expression in human squamous carcinomas. However, its expression and function in gastric cancer remain unclear. We report that TINCR is strongly upregulated in human gastric carcinoma (GC), where it was found to contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. We also revealed that TINCR overexpression is induced by nuclear transcription factor SP1. Silencing TINCR expression inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, tumorigenicity and apoptosis promotion, whereas TINCR overexpression promoted cell growth, as documented in the SGC7901 and BGC823 cell lines. Mechanistic analyses indicated that TINCR could bind to STAU1 (staufen1) protein, and influence KLF2 mRNA stability and expression, then KLF2 regulated cyclin-dependent kinase genes CDKN1A/P21 and CDKN2B/P15 transcription and expression, thereby affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells. Together, our findings suggest that TINCR contributes to the oncogenic potential of GC and may constitute a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-P Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X-X Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - R Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kong
- Clinical Medical Examination Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - W-M Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - M-D Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-Q Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Fernández-Guizán A, López-Soto A, Acebes-Huerta A, Huergo-Zapico L, Villa-Álvarez M, Núñez LE, Morís F, Gonzalez S. Pleiotropic Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Oncogenic Activities of the Novel Mithralog Demycarosyl-3D-ß-D-Digitoxosyl-Mithramycin SK (EC-8042). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140786. [PMID: 26536461 PMCID: PMC4633274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Demycarosyl-3D-ß-D-digitoxosyl-mithramycin SK (DIG-MSK) is a recently isolated analogue of mithramycin A (MTA) that showed differences with MTA in the DNA binding strength and selectivity. These differences correlated with a better therapeutic index and less toxicity in animal studies. Herein, we show that DIG-MSK displays a potent anti-tumor activity against different types of cancer cell lines, ovarian tumor cells being particularly sensitive to this drug. Of relevance, DIG-MSK exerts low toxicity on fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, this toxicity being significantly lower than that of MTA. In correlation with its antitumor activity, DIG-MSK strongly inhibited Sp1-mediated transcription and endogenous Sp1 mRNA expression, which correlated with the inhibition of the expression of key Sp1-regulated genes involved in tumorigenesis, including VEGFA, BCL2L1 (Bcl-XL), hTERT, BRCA2, MYC and SRC in several ovarian cells. Significantly, DIG-MSK was a stronger inhibitor of VEGFA expression than MTA. Accordingly, DIG-MSK also exhibited potent anti-angiogenic activity on microvascular endothelial cells. Likewise, it significantly inhibited the gene expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR, PDGFB and PDGFRA and, additionally, it induced the expression of the anti-angiogenic factors angiostatin and tunstatin. These effects correlated with a pro-apoptotic effect on proliferating microvascular endothelial cells and the inhibition of the formation of endothelial capillary structures. Overall, the pleiotropic activity of DIG-MSK in inhibiting key oncogenic and angiogenic pathways, together with its low toxicity profile, highlight the therapeutic potential of this new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Department of Functional Biology, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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