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Hirna H, Maltsev D. Alpha/beta-defensins influence on the humoral immunity and complications in cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Immunotherapy 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39155831 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2376517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx (COCO) often exhibit signs of immunosuppression, affecting their prognosis. Understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity in these patients during chemoradiation therapy is crucial for developing effective treatments. Materials & methods: This prospective study included 105 COCO patients undergoing different treatment regimens, with or without alpha/beta-defensins therapy. Serum concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA and salivary sIgA were analyzed. Patients were divided into five groups based on treatment protocols. Results & conclusion: Treatment variations impacted serum immunoglobulin levels, notably in Group III, whose patients received radiation treatment and immunotherapy with higher alpha/beta-defensins doses. Significant IgG changes correlated with oral mucositis risk and outcomes. Further trials are necessary for validation and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Hirna
- Department of Oncology, Ivano-Frankiv National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry Maltsev
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biology, O'Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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2
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Ghaemi A, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Vakili-Azghandi M, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Robust aptamer-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 delivery using mesenchymal stem cell membrane -liposome hybrid: BIRC5 gene knockout against melanoma. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 62:102778. [PMID: 39127174 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a platform was fabricated by combining a cationic lipid, 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) with mesenchymal stem cell membrane (MSCM) to produce a positively charged hybrid vesicle. The prepared hybrid vesicle was used to condense BIRC5 CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for survivin (BIRC5) gene editing. The Sgc8-c aptamer (against protein tyrosine kinase 7) was then attached to the surface of the prepared NPs through electrostatic interactions. In this regard, melanoma cancer cells (B16F0 cell line) overexpressing PTK7 receptor could be targeted. Investigations were conducted on this system to evaluate its transfection efficiency, cellular toxicity, and therapeutic performance in preclinical stage using B16F0 tumor bearing C57BL/6 J mice. The results verified the superiority of the Hybrid/ BIRC5 compared to Liposome/ BIRC5 in terms of cellular toxicity and transfection efficiency. The cells exposure to Hybrid/BIRC5 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity. Moreover, cells treated with Apt-Hybrid/BIRC5 showed higher anti-proliferation activity toward PTK7-positive B16F0 cancer cells than that of the PKT7-negative CHO cell line. The active tumor targeting nanoparticles increased the cytotoxicity through down-regulation of BIRC5 expression as confirmed by Western blot analysis. In preclinical stage, Apt-Hybrid/BIRC5 showed remarkable tumor growth suppression toward B16F0 tumorized mice. Thus, our study suggested that genome editing for BIRC5 through the CRISPR/Cas9 system could provide a potentially safe approach for melanoma cancer therapy and has great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ghaemi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vakili-Azghandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Freeman CL, Atkins R, Varadarajan I, Menges M, Edelman J, Baz R, Brayer J, Castaneda Puglianini O, Ochoa-Bayona JL, Nishihori T, Shain KH, Shah B, Chen DT, Kelley L, Coppola D, Alsina M, Antonia S, Anasetti C, Locke FL. Survivin Dendritic Cell Vaccine Safely Induces Immune Responses and Is Associated with Durable Disease Control after Autologous Transplant in Patients with Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4575-4585. [PMID: 37735756 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine transduced with an adenoviral vector encoded with full-length survivin (Ad-S), with mutations neutralizing its antiapoptotic function, could safely generate an immune response and deepen clinical responses when administered before and after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I first-in-human trial (NCT02851056) evaluated the safety of DC:Ad-S in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma not having achieved complete response with induction, given 7 to 30 days prior to stem cell collection and 20 to 34 days after ASCT. Anti-survivin antibodies and CD4+ and CD8+ specific T cells were quantified. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were treated and 13 included in the primary efficacy analysis. No serious adverse events were attributed to DC:Ad-S vaccine. Detectable anti-survivin antibodies increased from baseline in 9 of 13 (69%) patients, and 11 of 13 (85%) mounted either a cellular or humoral immune response to survivin. Seven patients had an improved clinical response at day +90, all of whom had mounted an immune response, and 6 of 7 patients remain event-free at a median follow-up of 4.2 years. Estimated progression-free survival at 4 years is 71% (95% confidence interval, 41-88). CONCLUSIONS Two doses of DC:Ad-S, one given immediately before and another after ASCT, were feasible and safe. A high frequency of vaccine-specific immune responses was seen in combination with durable clinical outcomes, supporting ongoing investigation into the potential of this approach. See related commentary by Dhodapkar, p. 4524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara L Freeman
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Reginald Atkins
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Indumathy Varadarajan
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Meghan Menges
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jeffrey Edelman
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rachid Baz
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jason Brayer
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Omar Castaneda Puglianini
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jose Leonel Ochoa-Bayona
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bijal Shah
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Dung Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Linda Kelley
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Melissa Alsina
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott Antonia
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Frederick L Locke
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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4
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Wright S, Burkholz SR, Zelinsky C, Wittman C, Carback RT, Harris PE, Blankenberg T, Herst CV, Rubsamen RM. Survivin Expression in Luminal Breast Cancer and Adjacent Normal Tissue for Immuno-Oncology Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11827. [PMID: 37511584 PMCID: PMC10380623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin (BIRC5) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in various tumors but present at low to undetectable levels in normal tissue. Survivin is known to have a high expression in breast cancer (e.g., Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and triple negative breast cancer). Previous studies have not compared survivin expression levels in DCIS tumor samples to levels in adjacent, normal breast tissue from the same patient. To ensure the effective use of survivin as a target for T cell immunotherapy of breast cancer, it is essential to ascertain the varying levels of survivin expression between DCIS tumor tissue samples and the adjacent normal breast tissue taken from the same patient simultaneously. Next-generation sequencing of RNA (RNA-seq) in normal breast tissue and tumor breast tissue from five women presenting with DCIS for lumpectomy was used to identify sequence variation and expression levels of survivin. The identity of both tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples were corroborated by histopathology. Survivin was overexpressed in human breast tissue tumor samples relative to the corresponding adjacent human normal breast tissue. Wild-type survivin transcripts were the predominant species identified in all tumor tissue sequenced. This study demonstrates upregulated expression of wild type survivin in DCIS tumor tissue versus normal breast tissue taken from the same patient at the same time, and provides evidence that developing selective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunotherapy for DCIS targeting survivin warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wright
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
- Western Surgical Group, Reno, NV 89502, USA
| | - Scott R. Burkholz
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Cathy Zelinsky
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Connor Wittman
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Richard T. Carback
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Paul E. Harris
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Tikoes Blankenberg
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
- Shasta Pathology Associates, Redding, CA 96001, USA
| | - Charles V. Herst
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Reid M. Rubsamen
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
- Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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5
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Inhibition of melanoma by survivin-specific lymphocytes combined with CCL17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a mouse syngeneic model. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:138-147. [PMID: 32932278 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a new generation of treatment, tumor immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAA) has attracted widespread attention. The survivin antigen belongs to TAA. It is a key inhibitor of apoptosis and a key regulator of cell cycle progression; furthermore, it may be a candidate target for tumor therapy. In addition, studies have confirmed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CCL17 significantly affect local anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. The mouse survivin gene was screened by BIMAS and SYFPEITHI to obtain the highest scored mouse survivin epitope peptide, which was synthesized into a peptide vaccine to immunize normal mice. Subsequently, spleen lymphocytes were isolated to induce survivin-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Next, genetic engineering was used to construct the B16F10 cell line that stably expressed CCL17 and GM-CSF genes. A mouse melanoma model was used to observe the effects of the combination of the three on tumor volume and tumor weight. In-vitro survivin-specific CTL combined with CCL17 gene had a stronger inhibitory effect on B16F10 cells, while combined GM-CSF gene did not enhance the inhibitory effect of CTL on B16F10 cells. In-vivo experiments demonstrated that survivin-specific CTL combined with GM-CSF and CCL17 genes can inhibit the growth of mouse melanoma. HE staining and immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor had more necrotic cells and more infiltrating lymphocytes. The results showed that survivin-specific CTL combined with CCL17 and GM-CSF genes could inhibit tumor growth better.
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6
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Immunity to X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in malignant melanoma and check-point blockade. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1331-1340. [PMID: 31317218 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Expression of inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP) family members is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Immunity to ML-IAP (livin) and survivin has been well studied in patients with a variety of tumors. XIAP, the most potent inhibitor of apoptosis, is widely expressed in melanoma. To better define its potential role as an immunogenic target, cellular and humoral responses to XIAP were investigated in patients with advanced melanoma. An overlapping peptide library covering the full length of the XIAP protein was used to screen T cell responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from stage-IV melanoma patients treated with or without anti-CTLA4 (ipilimumab). The screen identified an array of peptides that predominantly induced CD4+ T cell responses. XIAP epitope-specific CD4+ T cells revealed proliferative responses to melanoma cells that express XIAP. Humoral responses to XIAP were also explored. Cellular and humoral responses to XIAP were associated with beneficial clinical outcomes after ipilimumab-based treatment, supporting XIAP as a potential therapeutic target.
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7
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Wagner S, Mullins CS, Linnebacher M. Colorectal cancer vaccines: Tumor-associated antigens vs neoantigens. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5418-5432. [PMID: 30622371 PMCID: PMC6319136 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) are diverse but still not always satisfying. Recent success of immune checkpoint inhibition treatment for the subgroup of CRC patients suffering from hyper-mutated tumors suggests a permanent role of immune therapy in the clinical management of CRC. Substantial improvement in treatment outcome could be achieved by development of efficient patient-individual CRC vaccination strategies. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on the two general classes of targets: tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-specific antigens. TAAs like carcinoembryonic antigen and melanoma associated antigen are present in and shared by a subgroup of patients and a variety of clinical studies examined the efficacy of different TAA-derived peptide vaccines. Combinations of several TAAs as the next step and the development of personalized TAA-based peptide vaccines are discussed. Improvements of peptide-based vaccines achievable by adjuvants and immune-stimulatory chemotherapeutics are highlighted. Finally, we sum up clinical studies using tumor-specific antigens - in CRC almost exclusively neoantigens - which revealed promising results; particularly no severe adverse events were reported so far. Critical progress for clinical outcomes can be expected by individualizing neoantigen-based peptide vaccines and combining them with immune-stimulatory chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In light of these data and latest developments, truly personalized neoantigen-based peptide vaccines can be expected to fulfill modern precision medicine’s requirements and will manifest as treatment pillar for routine clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wagner
- Section of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, General Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock D-18057, Germany
| | - Christina S Mullins
- Section of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, General Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock D-18057, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Section of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, General Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock D-18057, Germany
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8
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Garg H, Hada RS, Gupta JC, Talwar GP, Dubey S. Combination immunotherapy with Survivin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fusion protein in murine breast cancer model. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:188-199. [PMID: 30622927 PMCID: PMC6314864 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i8.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of two recombinant proteins, Survivin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) fusion protein [LHRH(6leu)-LTB] for immunotherapy of breast cancer.
METHODS Murine 4T-1 breast cancer model was used to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant proteins in vivo. Twenty four Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice each. Recombinant Survivin and LHRH fusion protein, alone or in combination, were administered along with immunomodulator Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) in Balb/c mice. Unimmunized or control group mice were administered with phosphate buffer saline. Each group was then challenged with syngeneic 4T-1 cells to induce the growth of breast tumor. Tumor growth was monitored to evaluate the efficacy of immune-response in preventing the growth of cancer cells.
RESULTS Preventive immunization with 20 µg recombinant Survivin and MIP was effective in suppressing growth of 4T-1 mouse model of breast cancer (P = 0.04) but 50 µg dose was ineffective in suppressing tumor growth. However, combination of Survivin and LHRH fusion protein was more effective in suppressing tumor growth (P = 0.02) as well as metastasis in vivo in comparison to LHRH fusion protein as vaccine antigen alone.
CONCLUSION Recombinant Survivin and MIP suppress tumor growth significantly. Combining LHRH fusion protein with Survivin and MIP enhances tumor suppressive effects marginally which provides evidence for recombinant Survivin and LHRH fusion protein as candidates for translating the combination cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Garg
- Talwar Research Foundation, Neb Sarai, New Delhi 110068, India
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jagdish C Gupta
- Talwar Research Foundation, Neb Sarai, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - G P Talwar
- Talwar Research Foundation, Neb Sarai, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Li J, Ma R, Cao Z, Zhang D. Correlations of MRI manifestations with survivin gene expression in primary hepatic carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 23:45-51. [PMID: 30010107 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenbin Cao
- Department of Radiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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Sohn HJ, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Sohn DH, Cho HI, Kim HJ, Kim TG. Simultaneous in vitro generation of CD8 and CD4 T cells specific to three universal tumor associated antigens of WT1, survivin and TERT and adoptive T cell transfer for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44059-44072. [PMID: 28477011 PMCID: PMC5546462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) expressed at least one of the leukemic associated antigens (LAAs) WT1, survivin and TERT, and different combinations of the three LAAs predicted negative clinical outcomes. Multi-tumor antigen-specific T cells were generated to overcome antigenic variation and may be sufficient to maximize antitumoral effects. To generate triple antigen-specific (Tri)-T cells that recognize three LAAs, dendritic cells (DCs) were transfected with three tumor antigen-encoding RNAs. These DCs were used to stimulate both CD8 and CD4 T cells and to overcome the limitation of known human leukocyte antigen-restricted epitopes. The sum of the antigen-specific T cell frequencies was higher in the Tri-T cells than in the T cells that recognized a single antigen. Furthermore, the Tri-T cells were more effective against leukemic blasts that expressed all three LAAs compared with blasts that expressed one or two LAAs, suggesting a proportional correlation between IFN-γ secretion and LAA expression. Engrafted leukemic blasts in the bone marrow of mice significantly decreased in the presence of Tri-T cells. This technique represents an effective immunotherapeutic strategy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Sohn
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Survivin-Based Treatment Strategies for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040971. [PMID: 29587347 PMCID: PMC5979467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, an anti-apoptotic molecule abundantly expressed in most human neoplasms, has been reported to contribute to cancer initiation and drug resistance in a wide variety of human tumors. Efficient downregulation of survivin can sensitize tumor cells to various therapeutic interventions, generating considerable efforts in its validation as a new target in cancer therapy. This review thoroughly analyzes up-to-date information on the potential of survivin as a therapeutic target for new anticancer treatments. The literature dealing with the therapeutic targeting of survivin will be reviewed, discussing specifically squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and with emphasis on the last clinical trials. This review gives insight into the recent developments undertaken in validating various treatment strategies that target survivin in SCCs and analyze the translational possibility, identifying those strategies that seem to be the closest to being incorporated into clinical practice. The most recent developments, such as dominant-negative survivin mutants, RNA interference, anti-sense oligonucleotides, small-molecule inhibitors, and peptide-based immunotherapy, seem to be helpful for effectively downregulating survivin expression and reducing tumor growth potential, increasing the apoptotic rate, and sensitizing tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. However, selective and efficient targeting of survivin in clinical trials still poses a major challenge.
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12
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Wang D, Huang XF, Hong B, Song XT, Hu L, Jiang M, Zhang B, Ning H, Li Y, Xu C, Lou X, Li B, Yu Z, Hu J, Chen J, Yang F, Gao H, Ding G, Liao L, Rollins L, Jones L, Chen SY, Chen H. Efficacy of intracellular immune checkpoint-silenced DC vaccine. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98368. [PMID: 29415891 PMCID: PMC5821183 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DC-based tumor vaccines have had limited clinical success thus far. SOCS1, a key inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine signaling, is an immune checkpoint regulator that limits DC immunopotency. METHODS We generated a genetically modified DC (gmDC) vaccine to perform immunotherapy. The adenovirus (Ad-siSSF) delivers two tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), survivin and MUC1; secretory bacterial flagellin for DC maturation; and an RNA interference moiety to suppress SOCS1. A 2-stage phase I trial was performed for patients with relapsed acute leukemia after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: in stage 1, we compared the safety and efficacy between gmDC treatment (23 patients) and standard donor lymphocyte infusion (25 patients); in stage 2, we tested the efficacy of the gmDC vaccine for 12 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with early molecular relapse. RESULTS gmDCs elicited potent TAA-specific CTL responses in vitro, and the immunostimulatory activity of gmDC vaccination was demonstrated in rhesus monkeys. A stage 1 study established that this combinatory gmDC vaccine is safe in acute leukemia patients and yielded improved survival rate. In stage 2, we observed a complete remission rate of 83% in 12 relapsed AML patients. Overall, no grade 3 or grade 4 graft-versus-host disease incidence was detected in any of the 35 patients enrolled. CONCLUSIONS This study, with combinatory modifications in DCs, demonstrates the safety and efficacy of SOCS1-silenced DCs in treating relapsed acute leukemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01956630. FUNDING National Institute of Health (R01CA90427); the Key New Drug Development and Manufacturing Program of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of China (2011ZX09102-001-29); and Clinical Application Research of Beijing (Z131107002213148).
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Engineering/methods
- Child
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/epidemiology
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Survival Analysis
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Wang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue F. Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Song
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liangding Hu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lou
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Botao Li
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangwei Hu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Ding
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Department of Oncology, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lisa Rollins
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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NY-ESO-1- and survivin-specific T-cell responses in the peripheral blood from patients with glioma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 67:237-246. [PMID: 29058035 PMCID: PMC5799356 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma is grim. Ex vivo expanded tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-reactive T-cells from patients with glioma may represent a viable source for anticancer-directed cellular therapies. Immunohistochemistry was used to test the survivin (n = 40 samples) and NY-ESO-1 (n = 38 samples) protein expression in tumor specimens. T-cells from peripheral blood were stimulated with TAAs (synthetic peptides) in IL-2 and IL-7, or using a combination of IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were tested for antigen-specific proliferation by flow cytometry, and IFN-γ production was tested by ELISA. Twenty-eight out of 38 cancer specimens exhibited NY-ESO-1 protein expression, 2/38 showed a strong universal (4+) NY-ESO-1 staining, and 9/40 cancer lesions exhibited a strong (4+) staining for survivin. We could detect antigen-specific IFN-γ responses in 25% blood samples for NY-ESO-1 and 30% for survivin. NY-ESO-1-expanded T-cells recognized naturally processed and presented epitopes. NY-ESO-1 or survivin expression in glioma represents viable targets for anticancer-directed T-cells for the biological therapy of patients with glioma.
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14
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Li H, Shao S, Cai J, Burner D, Lu L, Chen Q, Minev B, Ma W. Artificial human antigen-presenting cells are superior to dendritic cells at inducing cytotoxic T-cell responses. Immunology 2017; 152:462-471. [PMID: 28664991 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide recognition through the MHC class I molecule by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) leads to the killing of cancer cells. A potential challenge for T-cell immunotherapy is that dendritic cells (DCs) are exposed to the MHC class I-peptide complex for an insufficient amount of time. To improve tumour antigen presentation to T cells and thereby initiate a more effective T-cell response, we generated artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) by incubating human immature DCs (imDCs) with poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) encapsulating tumour antigenic peptides, followed by maturation with lipopolysaccharide. Tumour antigen-specific CTLs were then induced using either peptide-loaded mature DCs (mDCs) or aAPCs, and their activities were analysed using both ELISpot and cytotoxicity assays. We found that the aAPCs induced significantly stronger tumour antigen-specific CTL responses than the controls, which included both mDCs and aAPCs loaded with empty nanoparticles. Moreover, frozen CTLs that were generated by exposure to aAPCs retained the capability to eradicate HLA-A2-positive tumour antigen-bearing cancer cells. These results indicated that aAPCs are superior to DCs when inducing the CTL response because the former are capable of continuously presenting tumour antigens to T cells in a sustained manner. The development of aAPCs with PLGA-NPs encapsulating tumour antigenic peptides is a promising approach for the generation of effective CTL responses in vitro and warrants further assessments in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianshu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danielle Burner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiuqiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boris Minev
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,StemImmune Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute for Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Research, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Peery RC, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Targeting survivin for therapeutic discovery: past, present, and future promises. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1466-1477. [PMID: 28577912 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, is overexpressed in cells of almost all cancers but not in most normal tissues in adults. Survivin expression is required for cancer cell survival and knocking down its expression or inhibiting its function using molecular approaches results in spontaneous apoptosis. Thus, survivin is an attractive and perhaps ideal target for cancer drug discovery. However, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug targeting survivin has yet to emerge. In this Foundation Review, we examine and evaluate various strategies that have been used to target survivin and the stages of each survivin inhibitor to help understand this lack of success. We also provide future perspectives moving forward in targeting survivin for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Peery
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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16
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Shao S, Risch E, Burner D, Lu L, Minev B, Ma W. IFNγ enhances cytotoxic efficiency of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human glioma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:159-165. [PMID: 28410529 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are a key player in cancer immunotherapies, and MHC class I molecules on the cell surface are crucial for cellular recognition. However, the aberrant expression of MHC class I molecules is frequently found in various malignancies. IFNγ has dual functions in cancer progression, and its effect on tumor immunity is controversial. To investigate whether IFNγ can enhance cytotoxic efficiency of the tumor antigen-specific CTLs, we generated the CTLs using modified human dendritic cells as antigen presenting cells, then studied the activities of CTLs on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive glioma cells treated with, or without IFNγ. The results from both ELISpot and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the CTLs recognized and eliminated the HLA-A2 positive glioma cells treated with IFNγ more effectively when compared to the glioma cells deprived of IFNγ treatment. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that the levels of MHC class I molecules were upregulated in all of the HLA-A2 positive glioma cells. Using the publicly accessed TCGA data of low-grade glioma, we found significantly positive associations between IFNγ and both MHC class I molecules and CD8+ T cell activation score (p<0.0001). Furthermore, we found a significantly reduced risk of death in the glioma patients with high T cell activation score in comparison to those with low score (p=0.022). These findings suggest that a clinical application of IFNγ treatment may have potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Shao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Eric Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Danielle Burner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Boris Minev
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; StemImmune Inc., San Diego, CA 92122, USA.
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Research, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
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17
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Nitschke NJ, Bjoern J, Met O, Svane IM, Andersen MH. Therapeutic Vaccination against A Modified Minimal Survivin Epitope Induces Functional CD4 T Cells That Recognize Survivin-Expressing Cells. Scand J Immunol 2017; 84:191-3. [PMID: 27354164 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Nitschke
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J Bjoern
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - O Met
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - I M Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M H Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Li L, Zheng W. A recombinant protein TmSm(T34A) can inhibit proliferation and proapoptosis to breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs) by down-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:373-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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19
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Lynch D, Murphy A. The emerging role of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:305. [PMID: 27668225 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.08.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the interaction between the immune system and the tumor microenvironment has long been a target of cancer research, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Approaches explored to date include vaccines (autologous, peptide, dendritic cell, viral and bacterial), cytokine therapy, toll-like receptors (TLRs), autologous cell therapy and checkpoint inhibition. Until recently these approaches have been shown to have only modest efficacy in reducing tumor burden. However, significant breakthroughs have been made, with the use of checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Immunotherapy now represents a possible avenue of curative treatment for those with chemo-otherwise refractory tumors. Success with this approach to immunotherapy has largely been confined to tumors with high mutational burdens such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer. This observation led to the exploration and successful use of checkpoint inhibitors in those with mismatch repair colorectal cancer which have a relatively high mutational burden. Ongoing trials are focused on further exploring the use of checkpoint inhibitors in addition to investigating the various combinations of immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lynch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adrian Murphy
- Department Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Qian DC, Xiao X, Byun J, Suriawinata AA, Her SC, Amos CI, Barth RJ. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling and Plasma Membrane Proteins Are Implicated in Responsiveness to Adjuvant Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:399-406. [PMID: 27435399 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who exhibit immune responses to a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine have superior recurrence-free survival following surgery, compared with patients in whom responses do not occur. We sought to characterize the patterns of T-lymphocyte infiltration and somatic mutations in metastases that are associated with and predictive of response to the DC vaccine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cytotoxic, memory, and regulatory T cells in resected metastases and surrounding normal liver tissue from 22 patients (11 responders and 11 nonresponders) were enumerated by immunohistochemistry prior to vaccine administration. In conjunction with tumor sequencing, the combined multivariate and collapsing method was used to identify gene mutations that are associated with vaccine response. We also derived a response prediction score for each patient using his/her tumor genotype data and variant association effect sizes computed from the other 21 patients; greater weighting was placed on gene products with cell membrane-related functions. RESULTS There was no correlation between vaccine response and intratumor, peritumor, or hepatic densities of T-cell subpopulations. Associated genes were found to be enriched in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis (P < 0.001). Applying a consistent prediction score cutoff over 22 rounds of leave-one-out cross-validation correctly inferred vaccine response in 21 of 22 patients (95%). CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant DC vaccination has shown promise as a form of immunotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Its efficacy may be influenced by somatic mutations that affect pathways involving PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, as well as tumor surface proteins. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 399-406. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Qian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Arief A Suriawinata
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Stephanie C Her
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
| | - Richard J Barth
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
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Gamonet C, Bole-Richard E, Delherme A, Aubin F, Toussirot E, Garnache-Ottou F, Godet Y, Ysebaert L, Tournilhac O, Caroline D, Larosa F, Deconinck E, Saas P, Borg C, Deschamps M, Ferrand C. New CD20 alternative splice variants: molecular identification and differential expression within hematological B cell malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:7. [PMID: 26937306 PMCID: PMC4774009 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD20 is a B cell lineage-specific marker expressed by normal and leukemic B cells and targeted by several antibody immunotherapies. We have previously shown that the protein from a CD20 mRNA splice variant (D393-CD20) is expressed at various levels in leukemic B cells or lymphoma B cells but not in resting, sorted B cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. RESULTS Western blot (WB) analysis of B malignancy primary samples showed additional CD20 signals. Deep molecular PCR analysis revealed four new sequences corresponding to in-frame CD20 splice variants (D657-CD20, D618-CD20, D480-CD20, and D177-CD20) matching the length of WB signals. We demonstrated that the cell spliceosome machinery can process ex vivo D480-, D657-, and D618-CD20 transcript variants by involving canonical sites associated with cryptic splice sites. Results of specific and quantitative RT-PCR assays showed that these CD20 splice variants are differentially expressed in B malignancies. Moreover, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation modified the CD20 splicing profile and mainly increased the D393-CD20 variant transcripts. Finally, investigation of three cohorts of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients showed that the total CD20 splice variant expression was higher in a stage B and C sample collection compared to routinely collected CLL samples or relapsed refractory stage A, B, or C CLL. CONCLUSION The involvement of these newly discovered alternative CD20 transcript variants in EBV transformation makes them interesting molecular indicators, as does their association with oncogenesis rather than non-oncogenic B cell diseases, differential expression in B cell malignancies, and correlation with CLL stage and some predictive CLL markers. This potential should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gamonet
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Bole-Richard
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Aurélia Delherme
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - François Aubin
- EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Toussirot
- EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France ; CHRU, Department of Rheumatology, Université de Franche-Comté EA 4266, INSERM CIC-1431, 25000 Besançon, France ; EA 4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Francine Garnache-Ottou
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Inserm U1037, Université Toulouse 3-ERL CNRS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Fabrice Larosa
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; Hematology Department, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Deconinck
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France ; Hematology Department, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; Laboratoire de Thérapeutique Immuno-Moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, INSERM UMR1098, Etablissement Français du Sang-Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 8, rue du Docteur Jean-François-Xavier Girod, 25020 Besançon Cedex, France
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Prognostic and biological significance of survivin expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-CHOP therapy. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1297-314. [PMID: 26248897 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is overexpressed in a variety of human neoplasms. The prognostic significance of survivin expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) is unclear. We used standard immunohistochemistry methods to quantify survivin expression in 463 patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who received the R-CHOP. Of the 463 patients, 269 (58%) had survivin overexpression with a cutoff of >25%, associated with an International Prognostic Index score of >2 (P=0.015), disease in ≥2 extranodal sites (P=0.011), and a high Ki-67 index (P<0.0001). Among patients with activated B cell-like disease, the overall survival rate of survivin-positive patients was significantly lower than that of survivin-negative patients (P=0.033); multivariate analysis confirmed that in these patients, survivin overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Among patients with wild-type p53 overexpression, the overall survival and progression-free survival rates of the survivin-positive group were significantly lower than those of the survivin-negative group (P=0.035 and P=0.04 respectively). In STAT3-positive patients, survivin overexpression was associated with significantly better survival. Among patients with activated B cell-like disease, survivin-positive compared with survivin-negative groups had significantly different gene expression signatures, including genes involved in mitosis or tumor cell proliferation. Our results indicate that survivin is an independent prognostic factor for poor outcome in patients with activated B cell-like disease treated with the R-CHOP regimen, and patients with survivin-positive activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma seem to benefit less from this treatment and may require additional novel agents.
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Tanaka T, Kajiwara T, Kutomi G, Kurotaki T, Saito K, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Hirata K, Okamoto Y, Sato N, Tamura Y. CpG-A stimulates Hsp72 secretion from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, facilitating cross-presentation. Immunol Lett 2015; 167:34-40. [PMID: 26141624 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main producers of IFN-α in response to unmethylated DNA molecules, including cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG)-DNA in vivo. pDCs specifically express toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and are therefore able to recognize the unmethylated DNAs. It has recently been shown that not only conventional DCs (cDCs) but also pDCs efficiently cross-present exogenous antigens after TLR9 activation. However, the precise molecular mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we show that pDCs secreted heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in response to CpG-A administration in a TLR9-dependent manner. Extracellular Hsp72 bound to an Hsp90-peptide complex and enhanced binding of Hsp90-peptide complex to pDC, resulting in efficient cross-presentation. Our experiments therefore suggest a mechanism for orchestration of immune responses by stimulation of pDCs with CpG-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kajiwara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kurotaki
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Saito
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food & Medical Innovation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Locke FL, Menges M, Veerapathran A, Coppola D, Gabrilovich D, Anasetti C. Survivin-specific CD4+ T cells are decreased in patients with survivin-positive myeloma. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:20. [PMID: 25992291 PMCID: PMC4437443 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin is a small protein inhibitor of apoptosis and a tumor associated antigen. Survivin expression in multiple myeloma is associated with poor prognosis, disease progression, and drug resistance. The CD4+ response against survivin remains uncharacterized. Methods In order to better understand the anti-tumor immune response to survivin, and optimize vaccination strategies, we characterized the spontaneous CD4+CD25- T cell response against survivin in healthy donors and myeloma patients using survivin derived peptide pools. Results Healthy donors and myeloma patients’ CD4+CD25- T cells exhibited a proliferative and IFN-gamma response against survivin peptides loaded onto autologous dendritic cells. We employed limiting dilution analysis to quantify the precursor frequency of survivin reactive CD4+CD25- T cells. Multiple myeloma patients (range 0% to 2.2x10-3%, n=12) had fewer survivin reactive CD4+CD25- T cells than healthy blood donors (range 1.1x10-3 to 8.4x10-3%, n=10), p = 0.021. The survivin reactive CD4+CD25- T cell precursor frequency was inversely associated with tumor survivin mRNA expression (p = 0.0028, r = −1.0, n = 6), and survivin tumor protein expression by IHC (p = 0.0295, r = −0.67, n = 10). A full length mutant survivin protein-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine expanded survivin reactive CD4+CD25- T cells after 12 days of in vitro culture (range 0-540x,median = 42x), and expansion was achieved even in patients with low baseline survivin reactive CD4+ precursors. Conclusions We have, for the first time, quantified the circulating CD4+CD25- precursor frequency against survivin and demonstrated this is lower in myeloma patients than healthy donors. The number of survivin reactive CD4+CD25- T cells is inversely associated with tumor survivin expression suggesting suppression of survivin responsive CD4+CD25- T cells. Further exploration of a full length mutant survivin protein vaccine which expands survivin reactive CD4+ cells independent of the survivin reactive precursor frequency is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-015-0065-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Locke
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tampa, USA
| | - Meghan Menges
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tampa, USA
| | | | | | - Dmitry Gabrilovich
- The Wistar Institute, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tampa, USA
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Identification of peptide-specific TCR genes by in vitro peptide stimulation and CDR3 length polymorphism analysis. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:83-91. [PMID: 25890221 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of TCR genes specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is necessary for TCR gene modification of T cells, which is applied in anti-tumor adoptive T cell therapy (ACT). The usual identification methods are based on isolating single peptide-responding T cells and cloning the TCR gene by in vitro expansion or by single-cell RT-PCR. However, the long and exacting in vitro culture period and demanding operational requirements restrict the application of these methods. Immunoscope is an effective tool that profiles a repertoire of TCRs and identifies significantly expanded clones through CDR3 length analysis. In this study, a survivin-derived mutant peptide optimized for HLA-A2 binding was selected to load DCs and activate T cells. The monoclonal expansion of TCRA and TCRB genes was separately identified by Immunoscope analysis and following sequence identification, the properly paired TCR genes were transferred into T cells. Peptide recognition and cytotoxicity assays indicated that TCR-modified PBMCs could respond to both the mutant and wild type peptides and lyse target cells. These results show that combining Immunoscope with in vitro peptide stimulation provides an alternative and superior method for identifying specific TCR genes, which represents a significant advance for the application of TCR gene-modified T cells.
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26
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Kukita K, Tamura Y, Tanaka T, Kajiwara T, Kutomi G, Saito K, Okuya K, Takaya A, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Furuhata T, Hirata K, Sato N. Cancer-Associated Oxidase ERO1-α Regulates the Expression of MHC Class I Molecule via Oxidative Folding. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4988-96. [PMID: 25870246 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ERO1-α is an oxidizing enzyme that exists in the endoplasmic reticulum and is induced under hypoxia. It reoxidizes the reduced form of protein disulfide isomerase that has oxidized target proteins. We found that ERO1-α is overexpressed in a variety of tumor types. MHC class I H chain (HC) has two disulfide bonds in the α2 and α3 domains. MHC class I HC folding is linked to the assembly of MHC class I molecules because only fully disulfide-bonded class I HCs efficiently assemble with β2-microglobulin. In this study, we show that ERO1-α associates with protein disulfide isomerase, calnexin, and immature MHC class I before being incorporated into the TAP-1-associated peptide-loading complex. Importantly, ERO1-α regulates the redox state as well as cell surface expression of MHC class I, leading to alteration of susceptibility by CD8(+) T cells. Similarly, the ERO1-α expression within cancer cells was associated with the expression level of MHC class I in colon cancer tissues. Thus, the cancer-associated ERO1-α regulates the expression of the MHC class I molecule via oxidative folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Kukita
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Toshimitsu Kajiwara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Keita Saito
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koichi Okuya
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akari Takaya
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
| | - Tomohisa Furuhata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and
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Markman JL, Shiao SL. Impact of the immune system and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:208-23. [PMID: 25830040 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is a multi-step process involving the gradual loss of regulation over the growth and functional capabilities of normal cells. Much research has been focused on the numerous cell intrinsic factors that govern this process; however, recent attention has turned to understanding the cell extrinsic factors in the tumor microenvironment that appear equally critical to the progression and treatment of cancer. One critical component of the tumor microenvironment is the immune system and it has become increasingly evident that the immune system plays an integral role in preventing and promoting the development of cancer. Understanding the immune cell types and pathways involved in this process has enabled the development of novel biomarkers for prognosis and accelerated the development of immune-based therapeutics, both of which have the potential to forever change the treatment paradigms for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we discuss the impact of the immune system on the initiation, progression and treatment of cancer, specifically focusing on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Markman
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen L Shiao
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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28
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Kasamatsu J, Takahashi S, Azuma M, Matsumoto M, Morii-Sakai A, Imamura M, Teshima T, Takahashi A, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Sato N, Seya T. PolyI:C and mouse survivin artificially embedding human 2B peptide induce a CD4+ T cell response to autologous survivin in HLA-A*2402 transgenic mice. Immunobiology 2014; 220:74-82. [PMID: 25257859 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cell effectors are crucial for establishing antitumor immunity. Dendritic cell maturation by immune adjuvants appears to facilitate subset-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation, but the adjuvant effect for CD4 T on induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is largely unknown. Self-antigenic determinants with low avidity are usually CD4 epitopes in mutated proteins with tumor-associated class I-antigens (TAAs). In this study, we made a chimeric version of survivin, a target of human CTLs. The chimeric survivin, where human survivin-2B containing a TAA was embedded in the mouse survivin frame (MmSVN2B), was used to immunize HLA-A-2402/K(b)-transgenic (HLA24(b)-Tg) mice. Subcutaneous administration of MmSVN2B or xenogeneic human survivin (control HsSNV2B) to HLA24(b)-Tg mice failed to induce an immune response without co-administration of an RNA adjuvant polyI:C, which was required for effector induction in vivo. Although HLA-A-2402/K(b) presented the survivin-2B peptide in C57BL/6 mice, 2B-specific tetramer assays showed that no CD8(+) T CTLs specific to survivin-2B proliferated above the detection limit in immunized mice, even with polyI:C treatment. However, the CD4(+) T cell response, as monitored by IFN-γ, was significantly increased in mice given polyI:C+MmSVN2B. The Th1 response and antibody production were enhanced in the mice with polyI:C. The CD4 epitope responsible for effector function was not Hs/MmSNV13-27, a nonconserved region between human and mouse survivin, but region 53-67, which was identical between human and mouse survivin. These results suggest that activated, self-reactive CD4(+) helper T cells proliferate in MmSVN2B+polyI:C immunization and contribute to Th1 polarization followed by antibody production, but hardly participate in CTL induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shojiro Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Azuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Morii-Sakai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Imamura
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akari Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuoh-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuoh-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuoh-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuoh-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Prognostic significance of survivin in resected gallbladder cancer. J Surg Res 2014; 194:57-62. [PMID: 25472573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin, a novel inhibitor of apoptosis, plays a role in oncogenesis and has been correlated with poor prognosis. We investigated its expression in gallbladder tissues of control, cholelithiasis, and gallbladder cancer (GBC). Survivin expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters including prognosis in patients with GBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gallbladder tissue samples were collected from GBC (n = 39), cholelithiasis (n = 30), and control (n = 25). Expression of survivin messenger RNA (mRNA) was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction. Protein quantification was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Significantly higher expression of survivin mRNA was observed in GBC (2.9-fold) and cholelithiasis (1.85-fold) as compared with control (P < 0.0001). In GBC, increased survivin expression (mRNA and protein) was significantly associated with higher tumor stage (stage III versus stage II) (P < 0.0001) and poor tumor differentiation (poor and moderate versus well) (P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed with any of the other clinicopathologic factors studied. Increased expression of survivin was associated with shorter survival (median survival 11.5 mo versus 18 mo). CONCLUSIONS Differential expression of survivin in GBC suggests its possible role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Assessment of survivin might be used to stratify GBC patients for optimal treatment modalities, including targeted therapy.
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Oji Y, Tatsumi N, Fukuda M, Nakatsuka SI, Aoyagi S, Hirata E, Nanchi I, Fujiki F, Nakajima H, Yamamoto Y, Shibata S, Nakamura M, Hasegawa K, Takagi S, Fukuda I, Hoshikawa T, Murakami Y, Mori M, Inoue M, Naka T, Tomonaga T, Shimizu Y, Nakagawa M, Hasegawa J, Nezu R, Inohara H, Izumoto S, Nonomura N, Yoshimine T, Okumura M, Morii E, Maeda H, Nishida S, Hosen N, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Sugiyama H. The translation elongation factor eEF2 is a novel tumor‑associated antigen overexpressed in various types of cancers. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1461-9. [PMID: 24589652 PMCID: PMC4027928 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cancer immunotherapy could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, to identify novel tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), the proteins expressed in a panel of cancer cells were serologically screened by immunoblot analysis and the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) was identified as an antigen that was recognized by IgG autoantibody in sera from a group of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) or colon cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that serum eEF2 IgG Ab levels were significantly higher in colorectal and gastric cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the eEF2 protein was overexpressed in the majority of lung, esophageal, pancreatic, breast and prostate cancers, HNSCC, glioblastoma multiforme and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Knockdown of eEF2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited the growth in four eEF2-expressing cell lines, PC14 lung cancer, PCI6 pancreatic cancer, HT1080 fibrosarcoma and A172 glioblastoma cells, but not in eEF2-undetectable MCF7 cells. Furthermore, eEF2-derived 9-mer peptides, EF786 (eEF2 786-794 aa) and EF292 (eEF2 292-300 aa), elicited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an HLA-A*24:02- and an HLA-A*02:01-positive healthy donor, respectively, in an HLA-A-restricted manner. These results indicated that the eEF2 gene is overexpressed in the majority of several types of cancers and plays an oncogenic role in cancer cell growth. Moreover, the eEF2 gene product is immunogenic and a promising target molecule of cancer immunotherapy for several types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oji
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Fukuda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Sayaka Aoyagi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Hirata
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isamu Nanchi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Syohei Shibata
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Nakamura
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takagi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Fukuda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hoshikawa
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Murakami
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | | - Riichiro Nezu
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Izumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoshimine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Lee WT. Dendritic cell vaccines targeting survivin in head and neck cancer. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:1169-71. [PMID: 24188670 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of: Turksma AW, Bontkes HJ, Ruizendaal JJ et al. Exploring dendritic cell based vaccines targeting survivin for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. J. Transl. Med. 11, 152-165 (2013). Survivin has been identified to be an inhibitor of apoptosis and is highly expressed in many cancers. A number of strategies have targeted survivin as a novel cancer therapy approach. The evaluated paper makes a number of observations regarding the presence of survivin-specific T cells, as well as attempts for in vitro expansion. The research team has shown that survivin-specific T cells can be measured ex vivo in the peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by tetramer analysis and from the tumor-draining lymph node of a patient with locally advanced breast cancer by ELIspot analysis. Furthermore, dendritic cells electroporated with survivin and cytokine (i.e., IL-12 and IL-21) mRNA can be used to generate survivin-specific T cells in vitro. However, the enriched or cloned survivin-specific T cells isolated from patients or obtained by in vitro induction could not be maintained for prolonged periods of time. The study team proposed that one explanation for this is fracticide, as activated T cells were shown to express survivin. The evaluated paper therefore concluded that strategies that rely on expansion and adoptive transfer of survivin-specific T cells would not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter T Lee
- Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA and Division of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Role of survivin as prognostic and clinicopathological marker in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5501-11. [PMID: 23948878 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Survivin has been implicated as a potential prognostic marker in a wide range of malignant tumours. However, the prognostic impact of survivin in gastric cancer remains to be controversial and published data are sometimes heterogeneous. Thus, aim of this study was to review the literature by performing an electronical database search via PubMed and EMBASE to identify eligible studies that assessed the impact of survivin as prognostic marker and its association with clinicopathological variables. Database search until November 21st 2012 retrieved 20 studies comprising 2,695 gastric cancer patients that assessed expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR analyses in gastric cancer specimens. Meta-analyses of clinicopathological variables revealed an association between the expression of survivin and the presence of lymph node metastases (pooled OR: 0.58; 95 % CI 0.35-0.96). In addition, a correlation between the expression of survivin and overall survival for patients with gastric cancer (pooled HR 1.93; 95 % CI 1.51-2.48) became evident. More importantly, we were able to exclude a severe heterogeneity (I(2) = 31 %) or publication bias for the survival analyses. Furthermore, one-way sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses regarding the method used to detect survivin, the type of survival analysis, the study quality and whether information was provided regarding neoadjuvant therapy supported our initial results. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates the prognostic significance of survivin in patients with gastric cancer.
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Krieg A, Werner TA, Verde PE, Stoecklein NH, Knoefel WT. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of survivin in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65338. [PMID: 23755220 PMCID: PMC3670901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin/BIRC5 is a potentially interesting prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the available data on survivin expression in CRC are heterogeneous. Thus, to clarify the prognostic relevance of survivin in patients with CRC and its association with clinicopathological parameters we performed a meta-analysis. We screened PubMed and EMBASE for those studies that investigated the prognostic value of survivin and its association with clinicopathological parameters in CRC. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analyses using a random effects model. Electronical literature search identified 15 studies including 1934 patients with CRC mostly detecting survivin by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Pooled hazard ratios of 11 studies that performed survival analysis revealed a positive correlation between survivin expression and poor prognosis (HR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.55–2.42; P<0.00001; I2 = 23%). Subgroup analyses with respect to the detection method, HR estimation, global quality score and the country of origin in which the study was conducted supported the stability of this observation. In addition, meta-analyses revealed a significant association between expression of survivin and the presence of lymph node metastases (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19–0.75; I2 = 61%) or blood vessel invasion (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28–0.90; I2 = 0%). Expression of survivin indicates poor prognosis and a pro-metastatic phenotype and may be useful in identifying a subgroup of patients that could benefit from a targeted therapy against survivin in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Bertino P, Panigada M, Soprana E, Bianchi V, Bertilaccio S, Sanvito F, Rose AH, Yang H, Gaudino G, Hoffmann PR, Siccardi A, Carbone M. Fowlpox-based survivin vaccination for malignant mesothelioma therapy. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:612-23. [PMID: 23335100 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survivin protein is an attractive candidate for cancer immunotherapy since it is abundantly expressed in most common human cancers and mostly absent in normal adult tissues. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a deadly cancer associated with asbestos or erionite exposure for which no successful therapies are currently available. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel survivin-based vaccine by subcutaneous or intraperitoneum injection of BALB/c mice with murine fiber-induced MM tumor cells followed by vaccination with recombinant Fowlpox virus replicons encoding survivin. Vaccination generated significant immune responses in both models, leading to delayed tumor growth and improved animal survival. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses of tumors from vaccinated mice showed CD8(+) T-cell infiltration, and real-time PCR demonstrated increased mRNA and protein levels of immunostimulatory cytokines. Analyses of survivin peptide-pulsed spleen and lymph node cells from vaccinated mice using ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining confirmed antigen-specific, interferon-γ-producing CD8(+) T-cell responses. In addition pentamer-based flow cytometry showed that vaccination generated survivin-specific CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, vaccination did not affect fertility or induce autoimmune abnormalities in mice. Our results demonstrate that vaccination with recombinant Fowlpox expressing survivin improves T-cell responses against aggressive MM tumors and may form the basis for promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bertino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Shen H, Shao HW, Chen XH, Wu FL, Wang H, Huang ZL, Shen J, Wang T, Zhang WF, Huang SL. Identification of a novel HLA-A2-restricted mutated Survivin epitope and induction of specific anti-HCC CTLs that could effectively cross-recognize wild-type Survivin antigen. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:393-403. [PMID: 22926105 PMCID: PMC11028461 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptide vaccine based on tumor-associated antigen (TAA), which usually belongs to self-antigen with poor immunogenicity, has been considered as an attractive option for treatment of malignant tumors. The ideal TAA epitopes should have stable affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and elicit strong anti-tumor immune response. Although point-mutation technology of TAA peptide may increase the binding capability to MHC molecules, some previous studies have revealed that part of the variant peptides results in lymphocyte not to effectively cross-recognize and kill the target tumor expressed wild-type TAA. Here, we designed a novel HLA-A2-restricted mutated TAA Survivin epitope nonapeptide Sur79L2 (KLSSGCAFL) that showed higher binding ability compared to wild-type peptide Sur79 (KHSSGCAFL) in T2-binding assays. To investigate whether Sur79L2 can induce Survivin-specific anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) response, we stimulated tumor-associated lymphocytes from a HCC patient with Sur79L2 in vitro. IFN-γ release and cytotoxicity assays showed Sur79L2 could effectively cross-recognize and lysis T2 cell plus peptide Sur79 and HCC cell lines (expression of wild-type Survivin antigen) in an HLA-A2-restricted manner. In contrast, peptide Sur95 (ELTLGEFLKL) that has been reported as a very promising anti-tumor epitope in a variety of tumors except HCC were not able to generate detectable cytotoxic immune responses against HCC in this study. Our results suggest that point-mutated peptide Sur79L2 is a new HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope and may be useful for the immunotherapy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, 8 Fuyu Road East, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Liang Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 28 E. Rd outside the City of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Kameshima H, Tsuruma T, Kutomi G, Shima H, Iwayama Y, Kimura Y, Imamura M, Torigoe T, Takahashi A, Hirohashi Y, Tamura Y, Tsukahara T, Kanaseki T, Sato N, Hirata K. Immunotherapeutic benefit of α-interferon (IFNα) in survivin2B-derived peptide vaccination for advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2012; 104:124-9. [PMID: 23078230 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family containing a single baculovirus IAP repeat domain, is highly expressed in cancerous tissues but not in normal counterparts. Our group identified an HLA-A24-restricted antigenic peptide, survivin-2B80-88 (AYACNTSTL), that is recognized by CD8 + CTLs and functions as an immunogenic molecule in patients with cancers of various histological origins such as colon, breast, lung, oral, and urogenital malignancies. Subsequent clinical trials with this epitope peptide alone resulted in clinical and immunological responses. However, these were not strong enough for routine clinical use as a therapeutic cancer vaccine, and our previous study of colon cancer patients indicated that treatment with a vaccination protocol of survivin-2B80-88 plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and α-interferon (IFNα) conferred overt clinical improvement and enhanced the immunological responses of patients. In the current study, we further investigated whether this vaccination protocol could efficiently provide not only improved immune responses but also better clinical outcomes for advanced pancreatic cancers. Tetramer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot analysis data indicated that more than 50% of the patients had positive clinical and immunological responses. In contrast, assessment of treatment with IFNα only to another group of cancer patients resulted in no obvious increase in the frequency of survivin-2B80-88 peptide-specific CTLs. Taken together, our data clearly indicate that a vaccination protocol of survivin-2B80-88 plus IFA and IFNα is very effective and useful in immunotherapy for this type of poor-prognosis neoplasm. This trial was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, no. UMIN000000905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kameshima
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Peptide Vaccine Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2012; 1:1-16. [PMID: 26343847 PMCID: PMC4552199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths and the second most prevalent (after breast cancer) in the western world. High metastatic relapse rates and severe side effects associated with the adjuvant treatment have urged oncologists and clinicians to find a novel, less toxic therapeutic strategy. Considering the limited success of the past clinical trials involving peptide vaccine therapy to treat colorectal cancer, it is necessary to revise our knowledge of the immune system and its potential use in tackling cancer. This review presents the efforts of the scientific community in the development of peptide vaccine therapy for colorectal cancer. We review recent clinical trials and the strategies for immunologic monitoring of responses to peptide vaccine therapy. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying the therapy and potential molecular targets in colon cancer.
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Qin Y, Chen J, Li L, Liao CJ, Liang YB, Guan EJ, Xie YB. Exogenous Morphine Inhibits Human Gastric Cancer MGC-803 Cell Growth by Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1377-82. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Targeting survivin in cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 332:225-8. [PMID: 22410464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With almost 4000 citations in Medline in a little over 10 years, survivin has certainly kept scores of investigators busy worldwide. Tangible progress has been made in revealing the multiple functions of survivin, uncovering their wirings as integrated cellular networks, and mapping their exploitation in virtually every human tumor, in vivo. Considering the normally long and excruciating timeline of oncology drug discovery, it is clearly a resounding success that a better understanding of survivin biology has led to several clinical trials of survivin-based therapeutics in cancer patients. However, the portfolio of survivin antagonists available in the clinic remains small, pressing the need for a less rigid drug development approach to fully unlock the potential of this unique, albeit unconventional oncology drug target.
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Poschke I, De Boniface J, Mao Y, Kiessling R. Tumor-induced changes in the phenotype of blood-derived and tumor-associated T cells of early stage breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1611-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang L, Gao X, Men K, Wang B, Zhang S, Qiu J, Huang M, Gou M, Huang N, Qian Z, Zhao X, Wei Y. Gene therapy for C-26 colon cancer using heparin-polyethyleneimine nanoparticle-mediated survivin T34A. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2419-27. [PMID: 22072877 PMCID: PMC3205136 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy provides a novel method for the prevention and treatment of cancer, but the clinical application of gene therapy is restricted, mainly because of the absence of an efficient and safe gene delivery system. Recently, we developed a novel nonviral gene carrier, ie, heparin-polyethyleneimine (HPEI) nanoparticles for this purpose. METHODS AND RESULTS HPEI nanoparticles were used to deliver plasmid-expressing mouse survivin-T34A (ms-T34A) to treat C-26 carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. According to the in vitro studies, HPEI nanoparticles could efficiently transfect the pGFP report gene into C-26 cells, with a transfection efficiency of 30.5% ± 2%. Moreover, HPEI nanoparticle-mediated ms-T34A could efficiently inhibit the proliferation of C-26 cells by induction of apoptosis in vitro. Based on the in vivo studies, HPEI nanoparticles could transfect the Lac-Z report gene into C-26 cells in vivo. Intratumoral injection of HPEI nanoparticle-mediated ms-T34A significantly inhibited growth of subcutaneous C-26 carcinoma in vivo by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. CONCLUSION This research suggests that HPEI nanoparticle-mediated ms-T34A may have a promising role in C-26 colon carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Preclinical and Forensic Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - BiLan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - MaLing Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Preclinical and Forensic Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhiYong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuQuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People’s Republic of China
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Widenmeyer M, Griesemann H, Stevanović S, Feyerabend S, Klein R, Attig S, Hennenlotter J, Wernet D, Kuprash DV, Sazykin AY, Pascolo S, Stenzl A, Gouttefangeas C, Rammensee HG. Promiscuous survivin peptide induces robust CD4+ T-cell responses in the majority of vaccinated cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:140-9. [PMID: 21858810 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells have been shown to be crucial for the induction and maintenance of cytotoxic T cell responses and to be also capable of mediating direct tumor rejection. Therefore, the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of peptide-based vaccines may be improved by addition of HLA class II epitopes to stimulate T helper cells. Survivin is an apoptosis inhibiting protein frequently overexpressed in tumors. Here we describe the first immunological evaluation of a survivin-derived CD4(+) T cell epitope in a multipeptide immunotherapy trial for prostate carcinoma patients. The survivin peptide is promiscuously presented by several human HLA-DRB1 molecules and, most importantly, is naturally processed by dendritic cells. In vaccinated patients, it was able to induce frequent, robust and multifunctional CD4(+) T cell responses, as monitored by IFN-γ ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining. Thus, this HLA-DR restricted epitope is broadly immunogenic and should be valuable for stimulating T helper cells in patients suffering from a wide range of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Widenmeyer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Nakatsugawa M, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Inoda S, Kiriyama K, Tamura Y, Sato E, Takahashi H, Sato N. Comparison of speedy PCR-ssp method and serological typing of HLA-A24 for Japanese cancer patients. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:93-102. [PMID: 21391046 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.543219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to carry out HLA-class I restricted antigenic peptide-based cancer immunotherapy. To establish a one-step polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method, we designed two novel HLA-A24-specific primer sets and determined the optimal conditions for specific amplification. Then, we performed HLA-A24 typing of two healthy donors' and 17 cancer patients' peripheral blood with serological typing and PCR-SSP typing. Eleven of the 19 cases were determined HLA-A24-positive by the PCR-SSP method precisely; however, five cases showed false positive with serological analysis. Thus, for HLA-A24 typing in the Japanese population, the PCR-SSP method is faster and more accurate than serological typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Kameshima H, Tsuruma T, Torigoe T, Takahashi A, Hirohashi Y, Tamura Y, Tsukahara T, Ichimiya S, Kanaseki T, Iwayama Y, Sato N, Hirata K. Immunogenic enhancement and clinical effect by type-I interferon of anti-apoptotic protein, survivin-derived peptide vaccine, in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1181-7. [PMID: 21371173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-restricted antigenic peptide, survivin-2B80-88, recognized by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Subsequently, we attempted clinical trials with this epitope peptide alone for some malignancies, resulting in clinical and immunological responses, although their potential was not strong enough for routine clinical use as a cancer vaccine. In the current study, to assess whether immunogenicity of the survivin-2B80-88 peptide could be enhanced with other vaccination protocols, we performed clinical trials in advanced colon cancer patients with two vaccination protocols: (i) survivin-2B80-88 plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA); and (ii) survivin-2B80-88 plus IFA and a type-I interferon (IFN), IFNα. Our data clearly indicated that, although the effect of survivin-2B80-88 plus IFA was not significantly different from that with survivin-2B80-88 alone, treatment with the vaccination protocol of survivin-2B80-88 plus IFA and IFNα resulted in clinical improvement and enhanced immunological responses of patients. Tetramer analysis of survivin-2B80-88 peptide-specific CTL demonstrated that such CTL were increased at least twofold after vaccination with this protocol in four of eight patients. In these patients, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) results were also enhanced. Subsequent study of single-cell clone separation by cell sorting of peptide-specific CTL showed that each CTL clone was indeed not only peptide-specific but also cytotoxic against human cancer cells in the context of the expression of both HLA-A24 and survivin molecules. Taken together, these results indicate that vaccination of colon cancer patients with survivin-2B80-88 plus IFA and IFNα can be considered to be a very potent immunotherapeutic regimen, and that this protocol might work for other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kameshima
- Departments of Surgery Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Jha K, Shukla M, Pandey M. Survivin expression and targeting in breast cancer. Surg Oncol 2011; 21:125-31. [PMID: 21334875 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survivin a multifunctional protein that controls cell division, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. It is expressed in most human neoplasm, but is absent in normal and differentiated tissues. The purpose of this article is to overview the expression of survivin, effect of its expression in response to treatment, correlation with other markers and newer advancement in targeting survivin. METHODS A detailed search of Medline was carried out using the following search strategy: "((survivin) OR ((apoptosis) AND (inhibitor OR inhibitors))) AND ((breast) AND (neoplasm OR neoplasms OR tumor OR tumor OR cancer OR carcinoma))". Abstract of all articles thus identified were reviewed to identify the relevant studies, full articles of studies thus identified were then obtained and reviewed. All relevant data was extracted and tabulated. RESULTS Survivin expression by Immunohistochemistry was identified in 65.3% (55.2-90.0%) of the breast cancer patients among the identified studies while survivin mRNA by RT-PCR was identified in 93.6% (90-97%). Survivin expression has been reported to be associated with over expression of HER 2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/PAI-1. CONCLUSION Survivin is over expressed in majority of breast cancers. The over expression of survivin is found to correlate with HER 2 and EGFR expression. Survivin expression has been found to confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting survivin in experimental models improves survival. More studies are needed on the role of survivin in multi drug resistance (MDR) in the presence of Pgp/uPA/PAI-1 and the impact of survivin over expression in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Jha
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Rao B, Han M, Wang L, Gao X, Huang J, Huang M, Liu H, Wang J. Clinical outcomes of active specific immunotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer and suspected minimal residual colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and system review. J Transl Med 2011; 9:17. [PMID: 21272332 PMCID: PMC3041676 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the objective clinical outcomes of active specific immunotherapy (ASI) in advanced colorectal cancer (advanced CRC) and suspected minimal residual colorectal cancer (suspected minimal residual CRC). METHODS A search was conducted on Medline and Pub Med from January 1998 to January 2010 for original studies on ASI in colorectal cancer (CRC). All articles included in this study were assessed with the application of predetermined selection criteria and were divided into two groups: ASI in advanced CRC and ASI in suspected minimal residual CRC. For ASI in suspected minimal residual CRC, a meta-analysis was executed with results regarding the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Regarding ASI in advanced colorectal cancer, a system review was performed with clinical outcomes. RESULTS 1375 colorectal carcinoma patients with minimal residual disease have been enrolled in Meta-analysis. A significantly improved OS and DFS was noted for suspected minimal residual CRC patients utilizing ASI (For OS: HR = 0.76, P = 0.007; For DFS: HR = 0.76, P = 0.03). For ASI in stage II suspected minimal residual CRC, OS approached significance when compared with control (HR = 0.71, P = 0.09); however, the difference in DFS of ASI for the stage II suspected minimal residual CRC reached statistical significance (HR = 0.66, P = 0.02). For ASI in stage III suspected minimal residual CRC compared with control, The difference in both OS and DFS achieved statistical significance (For OS: HR = 0.76, P = 0.02; For DFS: HR = 0.81, P = 0.03). 656 advanced colorectal patients have been evaluated on ASI in advanced CRC. Eleven for CRs and PRs was reported, corresponding to an overall response rate of 1.68%. No serious adverse events have been observed in 2031 patients. CONCLUSIONS It is unlikely that ASI will provide a standard complementary therapeutic approach for advanced CRC in the near future. However, the clinical responses to ASI in patients with suspected minimal residual CRC have been encouraging, and it has become clear that immunotherapy works best in situations of patients with suspected minimal residual CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqiang Rao
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, PR China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, PR China
| | - Minyan Han
- Medical Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655,PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, PR China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, PR China
| | - Jun Huang
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, PR China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, PR China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, PR China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, PR China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, PR China
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Miyazaki A, Kobayashi J, Torigoe T, Hirohashi Y, Yamamoto T, Yamaguchi A, Asanuma H, Takahashi A, Michifuri Y, Nakamori K, Nagai I, Sato N, Hiratsuka H. Phase I clinical trial of survivin-derived peptide vaccine therapy for patients with advanced or recurrent oral cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 102:324-9. [PMID: 21143701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, is abundantly expressed in most malignancies, but is hardly detectable in normal adult tissues. Previously we have identified a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-restricted antigenic peptide, survivin-2B80-88 (AYACNTSTL), recognized by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Survivin-2B80-88-specific CTL were induced efficiently from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of oral cancer patients after stimulation with the peptide in vitro. We conducted a phase I clinical study to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of survivin-2B80-88 peptide vaccination in HLA-A24-positive patients with advanced or recurrent oral cancer. The vaccines were given subcutaneously or intratumorally six times at 14-day intervals. Eleven patients were enrolled and 10 patients completed the vaccination protocol. No adverse events were observed in any patients. In two patients, the levels of serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen decreased transiently during the period of vaccination. Tumor regression that was compatible with a partial response (PR) was noted in one patient. The remaining nine patients experienced progressive disease (PD). Immunologically, an increase of the peptide-specific CTL frequency was detected in six of the eight patients evaluated by HLA-A24/peptide tetramer analysis. The present clinical trial revealed that survivin-2B peptide vaccination was safe and had therapeutic potential for oral cancer patients. However, subsequent clinical trials in combination with various adjuvant drugs will be required to improve the immunological and therapeutic efficacy. This trial was registered with University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) number UMIN000000976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Wang W, Li G, Hong Z, Wang S, Cheng R, Deng S, Zhang J. The expression of Survivin in lung adenocarcinoma: a comparative study in Xuanwei and Kunming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-010-0704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Inoda S, Takahashi A, Morita R, Nishizawa S, Tamura Y, Suzuki H, Toyota M, Sato N. Immune response against tumor antigens expressed on human cancer stem-like cells/tumor-initiating cells. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:201-11. [PMID: 20635928 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a small population of cancer cells that have the properties of tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal and differentiation. These properties suggest that CSCs/TICs are essential for tumor maintenance, recurrence and distant metastasis. Thus, elimination of CSCs/TICs is essential to cure malignant diseases. However, there are several studies reporting that CSCs/TICs are more resistant to standard cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, than non-CSC/TIC populations. How then, can we eliminate CSCs/TICs? Immunotherapy might be the possible answer. In recent analysis, innate immunity (natural killer cells and gammadeltaT cells) and also adaptive immunity (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based cellular immunity and antibody-based humoral immunity) can recognize CSCs/TICs in vitro efficiently. Furthermore, CSC/TIC-specific monoclonal antibody therapies are also efficient in vivo. In this article, we describe the potency, possibilities and problems of CSC/TIC-targeting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tao R, Li L, Huang W, Zheng L. Activation of human dendritic cells by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vectors encoding survivin and IL-2 genes in vitro. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:98-108. [PMID: 19715401 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has attracted significant attention as a safe, promising vector for immunotherapy. However, the precise effects of MVA infection on immune responses in humans remain largely unknown. We constructed recombinant MVA (rMVA) encoding both a human tumor-associated antigen (survivin) and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 and investigated their effects on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The results showed that infection with rMVA slightly impaired the upregulation of CD83 and reduced the production of IL-10 in DCs after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. However, rMVA-infected DCs were still able to express high levels of target genes and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 and to produce significant amounts of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. Moreover, rMVA-infected DCs exhibited a greater capacity than uninfected cells to stimulate T-cell proliferation and to reverse MVA-induced apoptosis in syngeneic T cells. Coculture of lymphocytes with rMVA-infected DCs significantly increased cytotoxic potential and interferon gamma production by cytotoxic T cells. These findings suggest that rMVA encoding survivin and IL-2 can effectively stimulate the activation of human DCs and overcome defects such as impairment of DC maturation and apoptosis of lymphocytes that are caused by vector alone. Thus, this study may provide a rational basis for further optimization of MVA vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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