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Kim MS, Ha SE, Wu M, Zogg H, Ronkon CF, Lee MY, Ro S. Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179185. [PMID: 34502094 PMCID: PMC8430714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment composition and changes therein play an extremely important role in cancer development. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which constitutes a majority of the tumor stroma, significantly contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment. These alterations within the ECM and formation of the tumor microenvironment ultimately lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. The ECM is composed of various molecules such as collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, and the MMPs that cleave these protein fibers and play a central role in tissue remodeling. When healthy cells undergo an insult like DNA damage and become cancerous, if the ECM does not support these neoplastic cells, further development, invasion, and metastasis fail to occur. Therefore, ECM-related cancer research is indispensable, and ECM components can be useful biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Colorectal cancer specifically, is also affected by the ECM and many studies have been conducted to unravel the complex association between the two. Here we summarize the importance of several ECM components in colorectal cancer as well as their potential roles as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Se-Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Charles F. Ronkon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moon-Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
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Barriuso J, Nagaraju RT, Belgamwar S, Chakrabarty B, Burghel GJ, Schlecht H, Foster L, Kilgour E, Wallace AJ, Braun M, Dive C, Evans DG, Bristow RG, Saunders MP, O'Dwyer ST, Aziz O. Early Adaptation of Colorectal Cancer Cells to the Peritoneal Cavity Is Associated with Activation of "Stemness" Programs and Local Inflammation. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1119-1130. [PMID: 33257424 PMCID: PMC7611320 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE At diagnosis, colorectal cancer presents with synchronous peritoneal metastasis in up to 10% of patients. The peritoneum is poorly characterized with respect to its superspecialized microenvironment. Our aim was to describe the differences between peritoneal metastases and their matched primary tumors excised simultaneously at the time of surgery. Also, we tested the hypothesis of these differences being present in primary colorectal tumors and having prognostic capacity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We report a comprehensive analysis of 30 samples from peritoneal metastasis with their matched colorectal cancer primaries obtained during cytoreductive surgery. We tested and validated the prognostic value of our findings in a pooled series of 660 colorectal cancer primary samples with overall survival (OS) information and 743 samples with disease-free survival (DFS) information from publicly available databases. RESULTS We identified 20 genes dysregulated in peritoneal metastasis that promote an early increasing role of "stemness" in conjunction with tumor-favorable inflammatory changes. When adjusted for age, gender, and stage, the 20-gene peritoneal signature proved to have prognostic value for both OS [adjusted HR for the high-risk group (vs. low-risk) 2.32 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.69-3.19; P < 0.0001)] and for DFS [adjusted HR 2.08 (95% CI, 1.50-2.91; P < 0.0001)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the activation of "stemness" pathways and adaptation to the peritoneal-specific environment are key to early stages of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The in silico analysis suggested that this 20-gene peritoneal signature may hold prognostic information with potential for development of new precision medicine strategies in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barriuso
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Raghavendar T Nagaraju
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Belgamwar
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Bipasha Chakrabarty
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - George J Burghel
- NW GLH (Manchester), Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Helene Schlecht
- NW GLH (Manchester), Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Foster
- Department of Pathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Wallace
- NW GLH (Manchester), Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Braun
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Science, University of Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Saunders
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah T O'Dwyer
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Omer Aziz
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
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Sun S, Dong H, Yan T, Li J, Liu B, Shao P, Li J, Liang C. Role of TSP-1 as prognostic marker in various cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:139. [PMID: 32600280 PMCID: PMC7325168 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Published studies present conflicting data regarding the impact of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression on prognosis of various cancers. We performed this meta-analysis to illustrate the preliminary predictive value of TSP-1. Methods Twenty-four studies with a total of 2379 patients were included. A comprehensive literature search was performed by using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and hand searches were also conducted of relevant bibliographies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for patient survival and disease recurrence were initially identified to explore relationships between TSP-1 expression and patient prognosis. Results A total of 24 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that high level of TSP-1 was correlated significantly with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17 ~ 1.68; P<0.001). However, high TSP-1 expression predicted no significant impact on progression-free survival (PFS)/ metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 0.87–2.10; P = 0.176) and disease-free survival (DFS)/ recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.40, 95%CI: 0.77–2.53; P = 0.271). In addition, we performed subgroup analyses which showed that high TSP-1 expression predicted poor prognosis in breast cancer and gynecological cancer. Additionally, the relatively small number of studies on PFS/MFS and DFS/RFS is a limitation. The data extracted through Kaplan-Meier curves may not be accurate. Moreover, only English articles were included in this article, which may lead to deviations in the results. Conclusions Our findings indicated high TSP-1 expression may act as a promising biomarker of poor prognosis in cancers, especially in breast cancer and gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Marín‐Vicente C, Mendes M, los Ríos V, Fernández‐Aceñero MJ, Casal JI. Identification and Validation of Stage‐Associated Serum Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Using MS‐Based Procedures. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 14:e1900052. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Marín‐Vicente
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
- Proteomics facilityCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Mendes
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Vivian los Ríos
- Proteomics facilityCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | | | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
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Torén W, Ansari D, Andersson R. Immunohistochemical investigation of prognostic biomarkers in resected colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:217. [PMID: 30602942 PMCID: PMC6307223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the prognostic role of biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, no biomarker has been established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the current literature for biomarkers evaluated by immunohistochemistry as prognostic markers in patients with resected CRLM. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified in the PubMed database with selected search terms and by cross-references search. The REMARK quality criteria were applied. Markers were included if they reported the prognostic impact of immunohistochemical markers in a multivariable setting in relation to overall survival (OS). A meta-analysis was conducted when more than one original article provided survival data of a marker. Results In total, 26 biomarkers were identified as independent significant markers for OS in resected CRLM. These biomarkers were found to be involved in multiple oncogenic signalling pathways that control cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and evasion of immune detection. Among these biomarker candidates were Ki-67, EGFR, p53, hTERT, CD34, TSP-1, KISS1, Aurora kinase A and CDX2. CD34 and TSP-1 were reported as significantly associated with survival by more than one study and where therefore pooled in a meta-analysis. Conclusion A number of independent prognostic biomarkers for resected CRLM were identified. However, most markers were evaluated in a retrospective setting with small patient cohorts, without external validation. Large, prospective, multicentre studies with standardised methods are needed before biomarkers can translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Teraoku H, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Saito Y, Yamada S, Yoshikawa M, Takasu C, Higashijima J, Imura S, Shimada M. Role of thrombospondin-1 expression in colorectal liver metastasis and its molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2016; 23:565-73. [PMID: 27404020 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1), a glycoprotein, is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the clinical role and mechanism of THBS-1 expression in colorectal liver metastases, focusing on the relationships between its expression and tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and expression of other relevant molecules. METHODS Ninety-four patients who initially underwent curative hepatic resection were enrolled in this study and correlations between expression of THBS-1 (THBS-1 high [n = 35] and THBS-1 low [n = 59]) and tumor growth, Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI), expression of other relevant molecules, and microvessel density (MVD) investigated. RESULTS THBS-1 low expression correlated with more advanced grade of liver and lymph node metastases and significantly worse overall survival than strong THBS-1 expression (3-year survival: 96.7% vs. 65.4%, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified THBS-1 low expression as an independent prognostic factor (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.21-7.71, P = 0.01). THBS-1 low expression correlated positively with high Ki-67 LI (P < 0.05) and inversely with E-cadherin (P < 0.05) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression (P < 0.05); THBS-1 expression and MVD were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Low THBS-1 expression may be an independent poor prognostic factor that affects tumor growth and EMT acquisition. Additionally, THBS-1 may be regulated by the HIF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teraoku
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Higashijima
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Identification of TAX2 peptide as a new unpredicted anti-cancer agent. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17981-8000. [PMID: 26046793 PMCID: PMC4627230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-modular glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is considered as a key actor within the tumor microenvironment. Besides, TSP-1 binding to CD47 is widely reported to regulate cardiovascular function as it promotes vasoconstriction and angiogenesis limitation. Therefore, many studies focused on targeting TSP-1:CD47 interaction, aiming for up-regulation of physiological angiogenesis to enhance post-ischemia recovery or to facilitate engraftment. Thus, we sought to identify an innovative selective antagonist for TSP-1:CD47 interaction. Protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to design a novel CD47-derived peptide, called TAX2. TAX2 binds TSP-1 to prevent TSP-1:CD47 interaction, as revealed by ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Unexpectedly, TAX2 inhibits in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis features in a TSP-1-dependent manner. Consistently, our data highlighted that TAX2 promotes TSP-1 binding to CD36-containing complexes, leading to disruption of VEGFR2 activation and downstream NO signaling. Such unpredicted results prompted us to investigate TAX2 potential in tumor pathology. A multimodal imaging approach was conducted combining histopathological staining, MVD, MRI analysis and μCT monitoring for tumor angiography longitudinal follow-up and 3D quantification. TAX2 in vivo administrations highly disturb syngeneic melanoma tumor vascularization inducing extensive tumor necrosis and strongly inhibit growth rate and vascularization of human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.
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Belov L, Matic KJ, Hallal S, Best OG, Mulligan SP, Christopherson RI. Extensive surface protein profiles of extracellular vesicles from cancer cells may provide diagnostic signatures from blood samples. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:25355. [PMID: 27086589 PMCID: PMC4834364 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membranous particles (30–1,000 nm in diameter) secreted by cells. Important biological functions have been attributed to 2 subsets of EV, the exosomes (bud from endosomal membranes) and the microvesicles (MV; bud from plasma membranes). Since both types of particles contain surface proteins derived from their cell of origin, their detection in blood may enable diagnosis and prognosis of disease. We have used an antibody microarray (DotScan) to compare the surface protein profiles of live cancer cells with those of their EV, based on their binding patterns to immobilized antibodies. Initially, EV derived from the cancer cell lines, LIM1215 (colorectal cancer) and MEC1 (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; CLL), were used for assay optimization. Biotinylated antibodies specific for EpCAM (CD326) and CD19, respectively, were used to detect captured particles by enhanced chemiluminescence. Subsequently, this approach was used to profile CD19+ EV from the plasma of CLL patients. These EV expressed a subset (~40%) of the proteins detected on CLL cells from the same patients: moderate or high levels of CD5, CD19, CD31, CD44, CD55, CD62L, CD82, HLA-A,B,C, HLA-DR; low levels of CD21, CD49c, CD63. None of these proteins was detected on EV from the plasma of age- and gender-matched healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
| | - Kieran J Matic
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susannah Hallal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - O Giles Best
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen P Mulligan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Hwang YS, Lindholm PF. Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Invasion-related Factors in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:121-8. [PMID: 26151045 PMCID: PMC4492356 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor growth and invasion are interconnected with the tumor microenvironment. Overexpression of genes that regulate cancer cell invasion by growth factors, cytokines, and lipid factors can affect cancer aggressiveness. A comparative gene expression analysis between highly invasive and low invasive cells revealed that various genes are differentially expressed in association with invasive potential. In this study, we selected variant PC-3 prostate cancer cell sublines and discovered critical molecules that contributed to their invasive potential. Methods: The high invasive and low invasive variant PC-3 cell sublines were obtained by serial selection following Matrigel-coated Transwell invasion and were characterized by Transwell invasion, luciferase reporter assay, and Rhotekin pull-down assay. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was added to the cultures to observe the response to this extracellular stimulus. The essential molecules related with cancer invasiveness were detected with Northern blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and cDNA microarray. Results: Highly invasive PC-3 cells showed higher nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) and RhoA activities than of low invasive PC-3 cells. LPA promoted cancer invasion through NF-κB, AP-1, and RhoA activities. Thrombospondin-1, interleukin-8, kallikrein 6, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and tissue factor were overexpressed in the highly invasive PC-3 variant cells and further upregulated by LPA stimulation. Conclusions: The results suggest that the target molecules are involved in invasiveness of prostate cancer. These molecules may have clinical value for anti-invasion therapy by serving as biomarkers for the prediction of aggressive cancers and the detection of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Paul F Lindholm
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bujak E, Pretto F, Ritz D, Gualandi L, Wulhfard S, Neri D. Monoclonal antibodies to murine thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 reveal differential expression patterns in cancer and low antigen expression in normal tissues. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:135-45. [PMID: 24925479 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable interest for the discovery and characterization of tumor-associated antigens, which may facilitate antibody-based pharmacodelivery strategies. Thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 are homologous secreted proteins, which have previously been reported to be overexpressed during remodeling typical for wound healing and tumor progression and to possibly play a functional role in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. To our knowledge, a complete immunohistochemical characterization of thrombospondins levels in normal rodent tissues has not been reported so far. Using antibody phage technology, we have generated and characterized monoclonal antibodies specific to murine thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2, two antigens which share 62% aminoacid identity. An immunofluorescence analysis revealed that both antigens are virtually undetectable in normal mouse tissues, except for a weak staining of heart tissue by antibodies specific to thrombospondin-1. The analysis also showed that thrombospondin-1 was strongly expressed in 5/7 human tumors xenografted in nude mice, while it was only barely detectable in 3/8 murine tumors grafted in immunocompetent mice. By contrast, a high-affinity antibody to thrombospondin-2 revealed a much lower level of expression of this antigen in cancer specimens. Our analysis resolves ambiguities related to conflicting reports on thrombosponding expression in health and disease. Based on our findings, thrombospondin-1 (and not thrombospondin-2) may be considered as a target for antibody-based pharmacodelivery strategies, in consideration of its low expression in normal tissues and its upregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bujak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Danilo Ritz
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gualandi
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Wulhfard
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Thrombospondin-1 in urological cancer: pathological role, clinical significance, and therapeutic prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12249-72. [PMID: 23749112 PMCID: PMC3709784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important process for tumor growth and progression of various solid tumors including urological cancers. Thrombospondins (TSPs), especially TSP-1, are representative “anti”-angiogenic molecules and many studies have clarified their pathological role and clinical significance in vivo and in vitro. In fact, TSP-1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in many types of cancers. However, TSP-1 is a multi-functional protein and its biological activities vary according to the specific tumor environments. Consequently, there is no general agreement on its cancer-related function in urological cancers, and detailed information regarding regulative mechanisms is essential for a better understanding of its therapeutic effects and prognostic values. Various “suppressor genes” and “oncogenes” are known to be regulators and TSP-1-related factors under physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, various types of fragments derived from TSP-1 exist in a given tissue microenvironment and TSP-1 derived-peptides have specific activities. However, a detailed pathological function in human cancer tissues is not still understood. This review will focus on the pathological roles and clinical significance of TSP-1 in urological cancers, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, special attention is paid to TSP-1-derived peptide and TSP-1-based therapy for malignancies.
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CD47: A Cell Surface Glycoprotein Which Regulates Multiple Functions of Hematopoietic Cells in Health and Disease. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:614619. [PMID: 23401787 PMCID: PMC3564380 DOI: 10.1155/2013/614619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their surroundings are important for proper function and homeostasis in a multicellular organism. These interactions can either be established between the cells and molecules in their extracellular milieu, but also involve interactions between cells. In all these situations, proteins in the plasma membranes are critically involved to relay information obtained from the exterior of the cell. The cell surface glycoprotein CD47 (integrin-associated protein (IAP)) was first identified as an important regulator of integrin function, but later also was shown to function in ways that do not necessarily involve integrins. Ligation of CD47 can induce intracellular signaling resulting in cell activation or cell death depending on the exact context. By binding to another cell surface glycoprotein, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), CD47 can regulate the function of cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this spotlight paper, several functions of CD47 will be reviewed, although some functions may be more briefly mentioned. Focus will be on the ways CD47 regulates hematopoietic cells and functions such as CD47 signaling, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of phagocytosis or cell-cell fusion.
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Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Fioravanti A, Orlandi P, Salvatore L, Masi G, Di Desidero T, Canu B, Schirripa M, Frumento P, Di Paolo A, Danesi R, Falcone A, Bocci G. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic angiogenesis-related markers of first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab schedule in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1262-9. [PMID: 21407216 PMCID: PMC3078596 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of molecular and genetic markers to predict or monitor the efficacy of bevacizumab (BV) represents a key issue in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFR-2) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were assessed by ELISA assay at different time points in a cohort of 25 patients enroled in a phase II trial of GONO-FOLFOXIRI plus BV as first-line treatment of mCRC. VEGF: −2578A/C, −1498C/T, −1154A/G, −634C/G and 936C/T; and VEGFR-2: −604A/G, +1192C/T and +1719A/T, polymorphisms were assessed in a total of 54 patients. Results: Treatment with GONO-FOLFOXIRI plus BV determined a prolonged and significant reduction in plasma free, biologically active VEGF concentration. Interestingly, VEGF concentrations remained lower than at baseline also at the time of PD. Conversely, PlGF levels increased during the treatment if compared with baseline, suggesting a possible role in tumour resistance; moreover, sVEGFR-2 increased at the time of PD, as well as TSP-1. No association of assessed polymorphisms with outcome was found. Conclusion: Our study suggested the possible mechanisms of resistance to combined therapy in those patients with a progressive disease to be tested in ongoing phase III randomised studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Loupakis
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Technologies in Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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14
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LeGolvan MP, Resnick M. Pathobiology of colorectal cancer hepatic metastases with an emphasis on prognostic factors. J Surg Oncol 2011; 102:898-908. [PMID: 21165991 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death in the United States. The majority of these deaths are due to metastasis, with the liver easily accounting as the most common site of deposit. While there are multiple steps in the CRC hepatic metastatic cascade, this review attempts to summarize the different processes involved, focusing on the most recent discoveries, as well as the associated effects in relation to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P LeGolvan
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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Belov L, Zhou J, Christopherson RI. Cell surface markers in colorectal cancer prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 12:78-113. [PMID: 21339979 PMCID: PMC3039945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of colorectal cancers (CRC) is currently based largely on histologically determined tumour characteristics, such as differentiation status and tumour stage, i.e., depth of tumour invasion, involvement of regional lymph nodes and the occurrence of metastatic spread to other organs. These are the conventional prognostic factors for patient survival and often determine the requirement for adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of the primary tumour. However, patients with the same CRC stage can have very different disease-related outcomes. For some, surgical removal of early-stage tumours leads to full recovery, while for others, disease recurrence and metastasis may occur regardless of adjuvant therapy. It is therefore important to understand the molecular processes that lead to disease progression and metastasis and to find more reliable prognostic markers and novel targets for therapy. This review focuses on cell surface proteins that correlate with tumour progression, metastasis and patient outcome, and discusses some of the challenges in finding prognostic protein markers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Belov
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (R.I.C.)
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Kitano H, Kageyama SI, Hewitt SM, Hayashi R, Doki Y, Ozaki Y, Fujino S, Takikita M, Kubo H, Fukuoka J. Podoplanin expression in cancerous stroma induces lymphangiogenesis and predicts lymphatic spread and patient survival. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:1520-7. [PMID: 20923309 DOI: 10.5858/2009-0114-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Podoplanin is a mucin-type glycoprotein and a lymphatic endothelial marker. Immunohistochemical staining for podoplanin is currently used as a routine pathologic diagnosis tool in Japan to identify lymphatic invasion of cancer cells. Recent reports suggest that podoplanin and other proangiogenic molecules are expressed in stromal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution of podoplanin expression in tumor stroma and its clinical and biologic significance. DESIGN We performed immunohistochemistry for podoplanin on tissue microarrays from 1350 cases of 14 common cancer types. RESULTS Two hundred eighty-seven of 662 cases (43%) showed podoplanin expression in the stromal cells within cancer nests. Stromal podoplanin expression in 14 common cancer types was significantly associated with tumor stage (P < .001), lymph node metastases (P < .001), lymphatic invasion (P = .02), and venous invasion (P < .001). The stromal cells positive for podoplanin were also positive for α-smooth muscle actin but negative for desmin, confirming a myofibroblasts phenotype. In contrast, myofibroblasts in inflammatory fibrotic lung diseases were podoplanin negative. Lymphatic vessel density was greater in the stromas with podoplanin expression than in the stroma lacking podoplanin-expressing stromal cells (P = .01). Survival data were available for non-small cell lung cancer. Stromal podoplanin expression was associated with poorer prognosis in adenocarcinoma (P < .001) and remains statistically significant after adjustment for sex, age, and stage (P = .01). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that podoplanin expression in stromal myofibroblasts may function as a proangiogenic biomarker and may serve as a predictive marker of lymphatic/vascular spread of cancer cells and a prognostic marker of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Kitano
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
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Hong SB, Oh H, Valera VA, Stull J, Ngo DT, Baba M, Merino MJ, Linehan WM, Schmidt LS. Tumor suppressor FLCN inhibits tumorigenesis of a FLCN-null renal cancer cell line and regulates expression of key molecules in TGF-beta signaling. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:160. [PMID: 20573232 PMCID: PMC2907329 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline mutations in the FLCN gene are responsible for the development of fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts and renal neoplasia in Birt-Hogg-Dube' (BHD) syndrome. The encoded protein folliculin (FLCN) is conserved across species but contains no classic motifs or domains and its function remains unknown. Somatic mutations or loss of heterozygosity in the remaining wild type copy of the FLCN gene have been found in renal tumors from BHD patients suggesting that FLCN is a classic tumor suppressor gene. Results To examine the tumor suppressor function of FLCN, wild-type or mutant FLCN (H255R) was stably expressed in a FLCN-null renal tumor cell line, UOK257, derived from a BHD patient. When these cells were injected into nude mice, tumor development was inversely dependent upon the level of wild-type FLCN expression. We identified genes that were differentially expressed in the cell lines with or without wild-type FLCN, many of which are involved in TGF-β signaling, including TGF-β2 (TGFB2), inhibin β A chain (INHBA), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), gremlin (GREM1), and SMAD3. In support of the in vitro data, TGFB2, INHBA, THBS1 and SMAD3 expression levels were significantly lower in BHD-associated renal tumors compared with normal kidney tissue. Although receptor mediated SMAD phosphorylation was not affected, basal and maximal TGF-β-induced levels of TGFB2, INHBA and SMAD7 were dramatically reduced in FLCN-null cells compared with FLCN-restored cells. Secreted TGF-β2 and activin A (homo-dimer of INHBA) protein levels were also lower in FLCN-null cells compared with FLCN-restored cells. Consistent with a growth suppressive function, activin A (but not TGF-β2) completely suppressed anchorage-independent growth of FLCN-null UOK257 cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a role for FLCN in the regulation of key molecules in TGF-β signaling and confirm deregulation of their expression in BHD-associated renal tumors. Thus, deregulation of genes involved in TGF-β signaling by FLCN inactivation is likely to be an important step for tumorigenesis in BHD syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Hong
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive MSC1107, 10/CRC/1W-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Isenberg JS, Martin-Manso G, Maxhimer JB, Roberts DD. Regulation of nitric oxide signalling by thrombospondin 1: implications for anti-angiogenic therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9:182-94. [PMID: 19194382 PMCID: PMC2796182 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to long-term regulation of angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factor signalling through nitric oxide (NO) acutely controls blood flow and haemostasis. Inhibition of this pathway may account for the hypertensive and pro-thrombotic side effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists that are currently used for cancer treatment. The first identified endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin 1, also controls tissue perfusion, haemostasis and radiosensitivity by antagonizing NO signalling. We examine the role of these and other emerging activities of thrombospondin 1 in cancer. Clarifying how endogenous and therapeutic angiogenesis inhibitors regulate vascular NO signalling could facilitate development of more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Isenberg
- Hemostasis and Vascular Biology Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Sid B, Langlois B, Sartelet H, Bellon G, Dedieu S, Martiny L. Thrombospondin-1 enhances human thyroid carcinoma cell invasion through urokinase activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1890-900. [PMID: 18321763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that modification in the expression of the matricellular multidomain glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) could play a critical role in the control of tumor progression and metastasis development. The function of this multimodular protein in cancers appears highly dependent on the cellular context and thus remains to date very difficult to accurately characterize. Controversial results indeed exist reporting either pro- or anti-invasive properties of TSP-1. Since it appeared that TSP-1 could be of prognostic value for certain specific types of cancers, we examined in this study the prospective function of TSP-1 in the control of human follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) cell invasiveness. First, we established that the aggressive behavior of human thyroid malignant cells is closely correlated to the TSP-1 amount. We demonstrated that exogenously added TSP-1 stimulates by two-fold the capacity of FTC cells to invade Matrigel-coated wells. The use of specific anti-TSP-1 blocking antibodies led to a drastic inhibition of the basal FTC cell invasion. Zymography experiments revealed that the uPA-dependent proteolytic activity is directly controlled by TSP-1, MMPs activity is not. The TSP-1-mediated stimulation of uPA appears to occur at post-transcriptional level. Finally, we established that the TSP-1-stimulated FTC cell invasion is wholly abolished under anti-uPA blocking antibodies or aprotinin treatments whereas MMP inhibitors have no effect. All together, we evidenced in the present study that TSP-1 promotes human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell invasion mainly through up-regulation of the urokinase-dependent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Sid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS UMR 6237 (MEDyC), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Moulin de la Housse, BP13039, 51687 Reims, France
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Co-expression of angiogenic markers and associations with prognosis in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 106:221-32. [PMID: 17481705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the co-expression and prognostic relevance of thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS Frozen tumor specimens with defined p53 status were obtained from 67 patients with previously untreated advanced-stage EOC who participated in a Gynecologic Oncology Group specimen-banking protocol and a phase III treatment protocol. Relative expression of the angiogenic markers was quantified by immunoblot analysis and categorized at the median angiogenic marker/actin ratio. p-values are provided as an indication of confidence in the results and to prioritize further testing. RESULTS An association was observed between categorized VEGF and p53 overexpression (p=0.022), and between VEGFR-1 and race (p=0.027) or histologic subtype (p=0.007). Unadjusted Cox regression analyses indicated that high compared with low THBS-1, but not VEGF or VEGFR-1, was associated with an increased risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR]=2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.29-3.71; p=0.004) and death (HR=1.93; 95% CI=1.12-3.32; p=0.018) whereas bFGF was associated with a reduced risk of disease progression (HR=0.60; 95% CI=0.36-0.99; p=0.046) and death (HR=0.54; 95% CI=0.32-0.93; p=0.026). After adjusting for prognostic factors including clinical characteristics and p53 overexpression, THBS-1 but not bFGF, VEGF or VEGFR-1 was associated with progression-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that high THBS-1 is an independent predictor of worse progression-free and overall survival in women with advanced-stage EOC. A larger prospective study is warranted for validation of these findings.
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Nunes SS, Outeiro-Bernstein MAFD, Juliano L, Vardiero F, Nader HB, Woods A, Legrand C, Morandi V. Syndecan-4 contributes to endothelial tubulogenesis through interactions with two motifs inside the pro-angiogenic N-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:828-37. [PMID: 17879962 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular matrix protein that modulates focal adhesion in mammalian cells and exhibits dual roles in angiogenesis. In a previous work, we showed that a recombinant 18 kDa protein encompassing the N-terminal residues 1-174 of human TSP-1 (TSP18) induced tubulogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and protected them from apoptosis. Our results indicated that these effects were possibly mediated by syndecan-4 proteoglycan, since binding of TSP18 to endothelial extracts was inhibited by anti-syndecan-4 antibody. Syndecan-4 is a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan that regulates cell-matrix interactions and is the only member of its family present in focal adhesions. In this report, we demonstrate that a monoclonal antibody against syndecan-4 blocks TSP18-induced tubulogenesis. Furthermore, through 2D adhesion and 3D angiogenic assays, we demonstrate that two sequences, TSP Hep I and II, retain the major pro-angiogenic activity of TSP18. These TSP-1 motifs also compete with the fibronectin Hep II domain for binding to syndecan-4 on endothelial cell surface, indicating that they may exert their effects by interfering with the recognition of fibronectin by syndecan-4. Additionally, TSP18 and its derived peptides activate the PKC-dependent Akt-PKB signaling pathway. Blockage of PKC activation prevented HUVEC spreading when seeded on TSP18 fragment, and on TSP Hep I and TSP Hep II peptides, but not on gelatin-coated substrates. Our results identify syndecan-4 as a novel receptor for the N-terminus of TSP-1 and suggest that TSP-1 N-terminal pro-angiogenic activity is linked to its capacity of interfering with syndecan-4 functions in the course of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santana Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rath GM, Schneider C, Dedieu S, Rothhut B, Soula-Rothhut M, Ghoneim C, Sid B, Morjani H, El Btaouri H, Martiny L. The C-terminal CD47/IAP-binding domain of thrombospondin-1 prevents camptothecin- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human thyroid carcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1125-34. [PMID: 16962673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin and doxorubicin belong to a family of anticancer drugs that exert cytotoxic effects by triggering apoptosis in various cell types. However there have only been few investigations showing that matricellular proteins like thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) could be involved in the underlying mechanism of this cytotoxicity. In this report, using Hoechst reagent staining, reactive oxygen species production and caspase-3 activity measurement, we determined that both camptothecin and doxorubicin induced apoptosis in human thyroid carcinoma cells (FTC-133). On the one hand, we demonstrated that camptothecin and doxorubicin inhibited TSP-1 expression mainly occurring at the transcriptional level. On the other hand, drug-induced apoptosis determined by western blot analysis for PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activity measurement, was significantly decreased in presence of exogenous TSP-1. In order to identify the sequence responsible for this effect, we used the CD47/IAP-binding peptide 4N1 (RFYVVMWK), derived from the C-terminal domain of TSP-1, and known to play a role in apoptosis. Thus, in presence of 4N1, camptothecin and doxorubicin-induced pro-apoptotic activity was considerably inhibited. These findings suggest that induction of apoptosis by camptothecin or doxorubicin in FTC-133 cells is greatly dependent by a down-regulation of TSP-1 expression and shed new light on a possible role for TSP-1 in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Rath
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, IFR 53 Biomolécules, UMR-CNRS 6198 Matrice extracellulaire et régulation cellulaire, UFR Sciences de Reims, Moulin de la Housse-BP 1039-51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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Neal CP, Garcea G, Doucas H, Manson MM, Sutton CD, Dennison AR, Berry DP. Molecular prognostic markers in resectable colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:1728-43. [PMID: 16815701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of prognosis in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is desirable in order to improve case selection for surgery and tailor adjuvant treatment according to individual recurrence risk. Conventional clinicopathological factors lack the sensitivity to accurately achieve this goal. Consideration of tumour biology and the identification of molecular prognostic markers may allow more accurate risk stratification. METHOD This systematic review examines evidence from published manuscripts looking at molecular markers in resectable colorectal liver metastases and their correlation with disease recurrence and survival following hepatectomy. RESULTS Studies have yielded promising results in the search for prognostic molecular markers of CLM. Molecular biomarkers from varied aspects of tumour biology have been examined and a number of these, including proliferation indices, telomerase, thymidylate synthase, microvessel density and thrombospondin-1 appear to have prognostic utility in this context. Validation of other markers, notably p53, has been limited by a failure of methodologies to account for their biological complexity. CONCLUSIONS A biomarker-based approach may yield significant benefits through informed treatment of resectable metastatic colorectal malignancy. Standardised retrospective analyses are necessary to confirm preliminary findings and identify existing and novel markers for inclusion into prospective studies. Assessment and verification of multiple molecular markers in this manner may allow molecular profiling of metastases and tailoring of therapy according to the biological aggressiveness of individual tumours. The advent of genomic- and proteomic-based technologies will allow the simultaneous analysis of multiple molecular markers and the derivation of disease profiles associated with disease recurrence and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Neal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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Bodner-Adler B, Nather A, Bodner K, Czerwenka K, Kimberger O, Leodolter S, Mayerhofer K. Expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP 1) in patients with uterine smooth muscle tumors: an immunohistochemical study. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 103:186-9. [PMID: 16595146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an essential component for tumor development regulated by both proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP 1) suppresses angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of TSP 1 in cases with leiomyoma, uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Furthermore, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of TSP 1 in uterine LMS. METHODS TSP 1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry from paraffin-embedded tissue in 26 patients with leiomyoma, in 24 patients with STUMP and in 21 patients with LMS. Standard immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of TSP 1 in 5-mum-thick tumor sections. TSP 1 expression was correlated with survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test for univariate analysis. RESULTS TSP 1 was expressed in 77% of leiomyomas, in 13% of STUMP and in 24% of LMS. A statistically significant difference regarding the frequency of TSP 1 expression was observed between leiomyoma and LMS (P < 0.05) as well as between leiomyoma and STUMP (P < 0.05), but not between LMS and STUMP (P > 0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation between vascular space involvement and TSP 1 expression was observed in patients with uterine LMS, with patients without vascular space involvement having more frequently TSP 1 positive tumors (P = 0.04). No statistically significant correlation between TSP 1 and clinical stage, age and recurrence disease could be detected (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that TSP 1 was more frequently expressed in leiomyoma compared to STUMP and LMS. Additionally, the statistically significant negative correlation between vascular space involvement and TSP 1 expression in patients with uterine LMS shows that TSP 1 might work as a predictive factor in patients with LMS. Further clinical studies are necessary to prove our results and to clarify the role of TSP 1 in uterine smooth muscle tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bodner-Adler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna Medical School, A-1090 Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria.
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