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Chen X, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao W, Tu J, Liu B, Yuan X. RUNX transcription factors: biological functions and implications in cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38430423 PMCID: PMC10908630 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are a family of transcription factors that are essential for normal and malignant hematopoietic processes. Their most widely recognized role in malignancy is to promote the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia. However, it is worth noting that during the last decade, studies of RUNX proteins in solid tumors have made considerable progress, suggesting that these proteins are directly involved in different stages of tumor development, including tumor initiation, progression, and invasion. RUNX proteins also play a role in tumor angiogenesis, the maintenance of tumor cell stemness, and resistance to antitumor drugs. These findings have led to the consideration of RUNX as a tumor biomarker. All RUNX proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, but the role of each RUNX protein in different tumors and the major signaling pathways involved are complicated by tumor heterogeneity and the interacting tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the dysregulation of RUNX in tumors affects normal biological processes is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RUNX affects malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Yang A, Zhang Z, Chaurasiya S, Park AK, Lu J, Kim SI, Valencia H, Fong Y, Woo Y. Peritoneal-directed chimeric oncolytic virus CF17 prevents malignant ascites and improves survival in gastric cancer peritoneal metastases. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100734. [PMID: 37915757 PMCID: PMC10616379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) peritoneal metastasis (PM) is fatal without effective therapy. We investigated CF17, a new replication-competent chimeric poxvirus, against GC cell lines in vitro and PM in an aggressive GCPM mouse model. We performed viral proliferation and cytotoxicity assays on intestinal-type and diffuse-type human GC cell lines following CF17 treatment. At lower MOIs of 0.01, 0.1, there was >80% killing in most cell lines, while in the more aggressive cell lines, killing was seen at higher MOIs of 1.0 and 10.0. We observed reduced peritoneal tumor burden and prolonged survival with intraperitoneal (i.p.) CF17 treatment in nude mice implanted with the resistant GC cell line. At day 91 after treatment, seven of eight mice were alive in the CF17-treated group vs. one of eight mice in the control group. CF17 treatment inhibited ascites formation (0% vs. 62.5% with PBS). Thus, CF17 efficiently infected, replicated in, and killed GC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro. In vivo, i.p. CF17 treatment exhibited robust antitumor activity against an aggressive GCPM model to decrease tumor burden, improve survival, and prevent ascites formation. These preclinical results inform the design of future clinical trials of CF17 for peritoneal-directed therapy in GCPM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Yang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shyambabu Chaurasiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony K. Park
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics Program, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sang-In Kim
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Valencia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics Program, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA
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Song SJ, Liu X, Ji Q, Sun DZ, Xiu LJ, Xu JY, Yue XQ. Ziyin Huatan Recipe, a Chinese herbal compound, inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer by upregulating RUNX3 expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:355-364. [PMID: 35249836 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ziyin Huatan Recipe (ZYHT), a traditional Chinese medicine comprised of Lilii Bulbus, Pinelliae Rhizoma, and Hedyotis Diffusa, has shown promise in treating gastric cancer (GC). However, its potential mechanism has not yet been clearly addressed. This study aimed to predict targets and molecular mechanisms of ZYHT in treating GC by network pharmacology analysis and to explore the role of ZYHT in GC both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Targets and molecular mechanisms of ZYHT were predicted via network pharmacology analysis. The effects of ZYHT on the expression of metastasis-associated targets were further validated by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To explore the specific molecular mechanisms of the effects of ZYHT on migration and invasion, the runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene was knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9, and lentiviral vectors were transfected into SGC-7901 cells. Then lung metastasis model of GC in nude mice was established to explore the anti-metastasis effect of ZYHT. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the impact of ZYHT on the expression of metastasis-related proteins with or without RUNX3 gene. RESULTS The network pharmacology analysis showed that ZYHT might inhibit focal adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of GC. ZYHT inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro via regulating the expression of metastasis-associated targets. Knocking out RUNX3 almost completely reversed the cell phenotypes (migration and invasion) and protein expression levels elicited by ZYHT. In vivo studies showed that ZYHT inhibited the metastasis of GC cells to the lung and prolonged the survival time of the nude mice. Knocking out RUNX3 partly reversed the metastasis of GC cells to the lung and the protein expression levels elicited by ZYHT. CONCLUSION ZYHT can effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of GC in vitro and in vivo, and its molecular mechanism may relate to the upregulation of RUNX3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Strategic Support Force Xingcheng Special Duty Sanatorium, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Da-Zhi Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Li-Juan Xiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Liu D, Li L, Wang L, Wang C, Hu X, Jiang Q, Wang X, Xue G, Liu Y, Xue D. Recognition of DNA Methylation Molecular Features for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:758926. [PMID: 34745226 PMCID: PMC8566671 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of gastric cancer (GC) still lacks tumor markers with high specificity and sensitivity. The goal of current research is to find effective diagnostic and prognostic markers and to clarify their related mechanisms. Methods: In this study, we integrated GC DNA methylation data from publicly available datasets obtained from TCGA and GEO databases, and applied random forest and LASSO analysis methods to screen reliable differential methylation sites (DMSs) for GC diagnosis. We constructed a diagnostic model of GC by logistic analysis and conducted verification and clinical correlation analysis. We screened credible prognostic DMSs through univariate Cox and LASSO analyses and verified a prognostic model of GC by multivariate Cox analysis. Independent prognostic and biological function analyses were performed for the prognostic risk score. We performed TP53 correlation analysis, mutation and prognosis analysis on eleven-DNA methylation driver gene (DMG), and constructed a multifactor regulatory network of key genes. Results: The five-DMS diagnostic model distinguished GC from normal samples, and diagnostic risk value was significantly correlated with grade and tumor location. The prediction accuracy of the eleven-DMS prognostic model was verified in both the training and validation datasets, indicating its certain potential for GC survival prediction. The survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. The prognostic risk score was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of GC, which was significantly correlated with N stage and tumor location, positively correlated with the VIM gene, and negatively correlated with the CDH1 gene. The expression of CHRNB2 decreased significantly in the TP53 mutation group of gastric cancer patients, and there were significant differences in CCDC69, RASSF2, CHRNB2, ARMC9, and RPN1 between the TP53 mutation group and the TP53 non-mutation group of gastric cancer patients. In addition, CEP290, UBXN8, KDM4A, RPN1 had high frequency mutations and the function of eleven-DMG mutation related genes in GC patients is widely enriched in multiple pathways. Conclusion: Combined, the five-DMS diagnostic and eleven-DMS prognostic GC models are important tools for accurate and individualized treatment. The study provides direction for exploring potential markers of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China.,Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liru Wang
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China.,Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Head and Neck and Genito-Urinary Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qingxin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Harbin 242 Hospital of Genertec Medical, Harbin, China
| | - Xuyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Second Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiqin Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing Fifth Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Saran U, Chandrasekaran B, Kolluru V, Tyagi A, Nguyen KD, Valadon CL, Shaheen SP, Kong M, Poddar T, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Diagnostic molecular markers predicting aggressive potential in low-grade prostate cancer. Transl Res 2021; 231:92-101. [PMID: 33279680 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, clinicians rely on clinical nomograms to stratify progression risk at the time of diagnosis in patients with prostate cancer (CaP). However, these tools may not accurately distinguish aggressive potential in low-grade CaP. The current study determined the diagnostic potential of 3 molecular markers (ROCK1, RUNX3, and miR-301a) in terms of their ability to identify which low-grade tumors are likely to progress. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used to assess ROCK1, RUNX3, and miR-301a expression profiles in 118 serum and needle biopsy specimens. Expressions of ROCK1 and miR-301a were found to be significantly higher in Gleason 6 and 7 CaP as compared to BPH, while an inverse trend was observed with RUNX3. Further, incorporation of all 3 molecular markers significantly improved clinical nomograms' diagnostic accuracy and correlated with disease progression. Hence, in conclusion, the inclusion of these 3 molecular markers identified aggressive phenotype and predicted disease progression in low-grade CaP tumors at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Saran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | | | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kristy D Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Saad P Shaheen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | | | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Aberrant Sialylation in Cancer: Biomarker and Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092014. [PMID: 33921986 PMCID: PMC8122436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sialylation is a post-translational modification that consists in the addition of sialic acid to growing glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. Aberrant sialylation is an established hallmark of several types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, colorectal and lung cancers, melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hypersialylation can be the effect of increased activity of sialyltransferases and results in an excess of negatively charged sialic acid on the surface of cancer cells. Sialic acid accumulation contributes to tumor progression by several paths, including stimulation of tumor invasion and migration, and enhancing immune evasion and tumor cell survival. In this review we explore the mechanisms by which sialyltransferases promote cancer progression. In addition, we provide insights into the possible use of sialyltransferases as biomarkers for cancer and summarize findings on the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors as potential anti-cancer treatments. Abstract Sialylation is an integral part of cellular function, governing many biological processes including cellular recognition, adhesion, molecular trafficking, signal transduction and endocytosis. Sialylation is controlled by the levels and the activities of sialyltransferases on glycoproteins and lipids. Altered gene expression of these enzymes in cancer yields to cancer-specific alterations of glycoprotein sialylation. Mounting evidence indicate that hypersialylation is closely associated with cancer progression and metastatic spread, and can be of prognostic significance in human cancer. Aberrant sialylation is not only a result of cancer, but also a driver of malignant phenotype, directly impacting key processes such as tumor cell dissociation and invasion, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, angiogenesis, resistance to apoptosis, and evasion of immune destruction. In this review we provide insights on the impact of sialylation in tumor progression, and outline the possible application of sialyltransferases as cancer biomarkers. We also summarize the most promising findings on the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors as potential anti-cancer treatments.
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Nopora A. microRNAs Promoting Growth of Gastric Cancer Xenografts and Correlation to Clinical Prognosis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:1-15. [PMID: 33419892 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The annual death toll for gastric cancer is in the range of 700,000 worldwide. Even in patients with early-stage gastric cancer recurrence within five years has been observed after surgical resection and following chemotherapy with therapy-resistant features. Therefore, the identification of new targets and treatment modalities for gastric cancer is of paramount importance. In this review we focus on the role of microRNAs with documented efficacy in preclinical xenograft models with respect to growth of human gastric cancer cells. We have identified 31 miRs (-10b, -19a, -19b, -20a, -23a/b, -25, -27a-3p, -92a, -93, -100, -106a, -130a, -135a, -135b-5p, -151-5p, -187, -199-3p, -215, -221-3p, -224, -340a, -382, -421, -425, -487a, -493, -532-3p, -575, -589, -664a-3p) covering 26 different targets which promote growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as xenografts. Five miRs (miRs -10b, 151-5p, -187, 532-3p and -589) additionally have an impact on metastasis. Thirteen of the identified miRs (-19b, -20a/b, -25, -92a, -106a, -135a, -187, -221-3p, -340a, -421, -493, -575 and -589) have clinical impact on worse prognosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
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Dodla P, Bhoopalan V, Khoo SK, Miranti C, Sridhar S. Gene expression analysis of human prostate cell lines with and without tumor metastasis suppressor CD82. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1211. [PMID: 33298014 PMCID: PMC7724878 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetraspanin CD82 is a tumor metastasis suppressor that is known to down regulate in various metastatic cancers. However, the exact mechanism by which CD82 prevents cancer metastasis is unclear. This study aims to identify genes that are regulated by CD82 in human prostate cell lines. METHODS We used whole human genome microarray to obtain gene expression profiles in a normal prostate epithelial cell line that expressed CD82 (PrEC-31) and a metastatic prostate cell line that does not express CD82 (PC3). Then, siRNA silencing was used to knock down CD82 expression in PrEC-31 while CD82 was re-expressed in PC3 to acquire differentially-expressed genes in the respective cell line. RESULTS Differentially-expressed genes with a P < 0.05 were identified in 3 data sets: PrEC-31 (+CD82) vs PrEC-31(-CD82), PC3-57 (+CD82) vs. PC3-5 V (-CD82), and PC3-29 (+CD82) vs. PC3-5 V (-CD82). Top 25 gene lists did not show overlap within the data sets, except (CALB1) the calcium binding protein calbindin 1 which was significantly up-regulated (2.8 log fold change) in PrEC-31 and PC3-29 cells that expressed CD82. Other most significantly up-regulated genes included serine peptidase inhibitor kazal type 1 (SPINK1) and polypeptide N-acetyl galactosaminyl transferase 14 (GALNT14) and most down-regulated genes included C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), urotensin 2 (UTS2D), and fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13). Pathways related with cell proliferation and angiogenesis, migration and invasion, cell death, cell cycle, signal transduction, and metabolism were highly enriched in cells that lack CD82 expression. Expression of two mutually inclusive genes in top 100 gene lists of all data sets, runt-related transcription factor (RUNX3) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), could be validated with qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Identification of genes and pathways regulated by CD82 in this study may provide additional insights into the role that CD82 plays in prostate tumor progression and metastasis, as well as identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpaja Dodla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49401, USA
| | - Vanitha Bhoopalan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49401, USA
| | - Sok Kean Khoo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49401, USA
| | - Cindy Miranti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Suganthi Sridhar
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 140, 7Th Avenue S, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
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Kolluru V, Chandrasekaran B, Tyagi A, Dervishi A, Ankem M, Yan X, Maiying K, Alatassi H, Shaheen SP, C Messer J, Edwards A, Haddad A, Damodaran C. miR-301a expression: Diagnostic and prognostic marker for prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:503.e9-503.e15. [PMID: 30195463 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer (CaP) remains controversial. This study establishes the role of microRNA 301a (miR-301a) as a supplemental biomarker that can distinguish between patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and clinically significant CaP. We evaluate the ability of miR-301a to predict the adverse pathology of CaP. METHODS In the first cohort, serum and prostate tumor samples were obtained from thirteen patients with Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), twelve patients with Gleason 6, and sixteen patients with Gleason 7 prostate adenocarcinoma. In the second cohort, 40 prostatectomy cases were selected (BPH:12, Gleason 6:12 and Gleason 7:16). MiRNA was extracted from serum and tumor samples. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of miR-301a. To understand the molecular role of miR-301a, we performed cell viability, Western blots, promoter analysis, overexpression, and silencing studies in BPH and DU-145 cell lines. RESULTS MiR-301a demonstrated a significantly higher expression in both serum and tumor tissue in patients with CaP when compared to patients with BPH (P = 0.011 and 0.013 for serum and tissue expression, respectively). Expression of miR-301a in prostatectomy specimens correlated with increased Gleason score. We demonstrated that miR-301a inhibited the pro-apoptotic function of RUNX3, and activated ROCK1-mediated pro-survival signal in CaP. Silencing miR-301a initiated the pro-apoptotic function of RUNX3 by inhibiting ROCK1 expression in CaP cells. CONCLUSIONS Expression of miR-301a could be a valuable adjunct tool for stratifying patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen, as well as those diagnosed with CaP. Including the miR-301a as an additional variable in MSKCC post-prostatectomy nomogram improved its ability in facilitating clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Adnan Dervishi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Murali Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kong Maiying
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Houda Alatassi
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Jamie C Messer
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Ahmed Haddad
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Yu W, Chen G, Sun Y, Gao S, Li W, Cui J, Sun J. Gastric carcinoma subsequent to myelodysplastic syndrome with t (1; 19) chromosome translocation: A rare case report and its potential mechanisms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11535. [PMID: 30045276 PMCID: PMC6078750 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous malignant hematologic disease with median overall survival ranging from six months to more than ten years. Solid tumor rarely occurs in combination with MDS and the underlying pathogenesis and prognostic significance still remain controversial. PATIENT CONCERNS Here we report a relative low risk myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-RCMD) patient, with a rare t(1; 19)chromosome translocation. This patient also suffered from gastric carcinoma. DIAGNOSES Gastric carcinoma, Myelodysplastic syndrome with t (1; 19) chromosome translocation. INTERVENTIONS This patient received radical operation for gastric carcinoma and erythropoietin infusion. OUTCOMES The patient took follow up visits every 2 to 3 months in past years and now he is in stable disease without further treatment. LESSONS We reviewed the mechanism of MDS complicated by solid tumor and concluded the potential mechanisms of this patient. The interactions between potential factors may play a role in oncogenesis which, however, need an in-depth study of its operating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Gaoyang Chen
- Research Center ,the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
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Reimer D, Boesch M, Wolf D, Marth C, Sopper S, Hatina J, Altevogt P, Parson W, Hackl H, Zeimet AG. Truncated isoform Vav3.1 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer stem cells and clinically relevant in predicting prognosis and platinum-response. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1640-1651. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical University Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Maximilian Boesch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen; 9007 St. Gallen Switzerland
- Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Medical Clinic 3, Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology; University Clinic Bonn (UKB); 53127 Bonn Germany
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical University Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jiri Hatina
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Centre; Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University Prague; 30100 Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics; Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Alain G. Zeimet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical University Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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12
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Chen F, Liu X, Cheng Q, Zhu S, Bai J, Zheng J. RUNX3 regulates renal cell carcinoma metastasis via targeting miR-6780a-5p/E-cadherin/EMT signaling axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101042-101056. [PMID: 29254144 PMCID: PMC5731854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a tumor suppressor in many human solid tumors. In this study, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) microarray analysis showed that the level of RUNX3 expression was lower in RCC tissue than in adjacent normal renal tissues, and was correlated with depth of invasion (pT stage) (P<0.001) and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.001). RUNX3 expression was negatively correlated with poor 5-year overall and disease-free patient survival. RUNX3 suppressed RCC metastasis and invasion and increased levels of E-cadherin, an important marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in vitro and in vivo. RUNX3 also inhibited microRNA-6780a-5p, which directly targeted the E-cadherin 3'untranslated region and decreased its expression. We confirmed that miR-6780a-5p mimics abrogated RUNX3-mediated E-cadherin upregulation and RCC metastasis/invasion inhibition. Thus, RUNX3 targeted the miR-6780a-5p/E-cadherin/EMT signaling axis to suppress renal carcinoma cell migration and invasion. This pathway illustrates a new RUNX3 function and provides potential targets for the treatment of RUNX3 mutant and loss-of-function RCC tumors. RUNX3 may also act as an effective prognostic indicator in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Biotherapy Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Biotherapy Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Biotherapy Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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13
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Gou Y, Zhai F, Zhang L, Cui L. RUNX3 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell metastasis via targeting miR-186/E-cadherin/EMT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61475-61486. [PMID: 28977878 PMCID: PMC5617438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in some kinds of cancers. In the present study, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microarray analysis showed that RUNX3 expression was significantly lower in HCC tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues, and was negatively associated with metastasis and TNM stage. RUNX3 was an independently prognostic factor for 5-year overall and disease-free patient survival. Mechanically, RUNX3 repressed metastasis and invasion of HCC, and increased E-cadherin expression. RUNX3 also repressed microRNA-186 to increase E-cadherin expression. We demonstrated that miR-186 mimics attenuated RUNX3-induced increase of E-cadherin and inhibition of metastasis and invasion. In conclusion, RUNX3 suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion by targeting the miR-186/E-cadherin/EMT pathway. RUNX3 may be recommended as an effective prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Gou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangbing Zhai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Lan Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
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14
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RUNX3 and p53: How Two Tumor Suppressors Cooperate Against Oncogenic Ras? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:321-332. [PMID: 28299666 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RUNX family members play pivotal roles in both normal development and neoplasia. In particular, RUNX1 and RUNX2 are essential for determination of the hematopoietic and osteogenic lineages, respectively. RUNX3 is involved in lineage determination of various types of epithelial cells. Analysis of mouse models and human cancer specimens revealed that RUNX3 acts as a tumor suppressor via multiple mechanisms. p53-related pathways play central roles in tumor suppression through the DNA damage response and oncogene surveillance, and RUNX3 is involved in both processes. In response to DNA damage, RUNX3 facilitates p53 phosphorylation by the ATM/ATR pathway and p53 acetylation by p300. When oncogenes are activated, RUNX3 induces ARF, thereby stabilizing p53. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the p53-mediated tumor-suppressor activity of RUNX3.
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15
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Transcriptomic Profiling of Tumor Aggressiveness in Sporadic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Pancreas 2016; 45:1196-203. [PMID: 26918873 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare RNA sequencing data of sporadic nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) to identify gene expression patterns that may be important for molecular differentiation of tumor aggressiveness. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on samples of sporadic nonfunctioning PNENs, grouped as tumors with mild behavior (nonmetastatic and Ki67 < 5%) or aggressive behavior (metastatic and Ki67 ≥ 5%), on an Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform. Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the resulting data. RESULTS Of 22,810 identified transcripts from protein-coding genes, a set of 309 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the 2 groups, of which 166 were upregulated and 143 downregulated in the aggressive disease group. Among the top protein-coding upregulated genes, we found genes encoding proteins involved in DNA packaging, ability to taste, chromosome structuring, cytoskeleton structuring, and cell-cell signaling. Among the top protein-coding downregulated genes, we found genes encoding proteins involved in neuronal differentiation, cytoskeleton structuring, cell-cell signaling, and immunological processes. CONCLUSIONS A higher degree of tumor aggressiveness in sporadic nonfunctioning PNENs seems to be associated with upregulation of genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and cell division. Small sample size and lack of a replication set are limitations of this study.
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Haider A, Steininger A, Ullmann R, Hummel M, Dimitrova L, Beyer M, Vandersee S, Lenze D, Sterry W, Assaf C, Möbs M. Inactivation of RUNX3/p46 Promotes Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2287-2296. [PMID: 27377697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The key role of RUNX3 in physiological T-cell differentiation has been extensively documented. However, information on its relevance for the development of human T-cell lymphomas or leukemias is scarce. Here, we show that alterations of RUNX3 by either heterozygous deletion or methylation of its distal promoter can be observed in the tumor cells of 15 of 21 (71%) patients suffering from Sézary syndrome, an aggressive variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. As a consequence, mRNA levels of RUNX3/p46, the isoform controlled by the distal promoter, are significantly lower in Sézary syndrome tumor cells. Re-expression of RUNX3/p46 reduces cell viability and promotes apoptosis in a RUNX3/p46low cell line of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Based on this, we present evidence that RUNX3 can act as a tumor suppressor in a human T-cell malignancy and suggest that this effect is predominantly mediated through transcripts from its distal promoter, in particular RUNX3/p46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Steininger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verbindung mit der Universität Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lora Dimitrova
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Staffan Vandersee
- Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Central German Armed Forces hospital, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Dido Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sterry
- Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Markus Möbs
- Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Chen F, Liu X, Bai J, Pei D, Zheng J. The emerging role of RUNX3 in cancer metastasis (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1227-36. [PMID: 26708741 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the major driver of mortality in patients with cancer. The multistep metastatic process starts with the dissemination of tumor cells from a primary site and leading to secondary tumor development in an anatomically distant location. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular characteristics of metastasis, many questions remain regarding the intracellular mechanisms governing transition through the various metastatic stages. The runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a downstream effector of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and has critical roles in the regulation of cell death by apoptosis, and in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion. RUNX3 functions as a bona fide initiator of carcinogenesis by linking the Wnt oncogenic and TGF-β tumor suppressive pathways. RUNX3 is frequently inactivated in human cancer cell lines and cancer samples by hemizygous deletion of the Runx3 gene, hypermethylation of the Runx3 promoter, or cytoplasmic sequestration of RUNX3 protein. Inactivation of RUNX3 makes it a putative tumor suppressor in human neoplasia. In the present review, we summarize the proposed roles of RUNX3 in metastasis and, when applicable, highlight the mechanism by which they function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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18
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Jia J. miRNA-532-5p functions as an oncogenic microRNA in human gastric cancer by directly targeting RUNX3. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:95-103. [PMID: 26515139 PMCID: PMC4717862 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data reveal that microRNAs are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. To date, no information was reported about the function and regulatory mechanism of miR‐532‐5p in human gastric cancer (GC). Thus, our study aims to determine the role and regulation of miR‐532‐5p in GC. Here, we found that transient and stable overexpression of miR‐532‐5p dramatically increased the potential of colony formation and migration of GC cells, decreased the percentage of cells in G1 phase and cell apoptosis in vitro, and increased the weight of mice lungs and number of lung xenografts in vivo. Gain‐of‐function, loss‐of‐function and luciferase activity assays demonstrated that miR‐532‐5p negatively regulated the expression of RUNX3 and its targets directly. We also found that miR‐532‐5p level was negatively correlated with RUNX3 gene expression in various GC cell lines. Our results indicate that miR‐532‐5p functions as an oncogenic miRNA by promoting cell growth, migration and invasion in human GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Lu J, Gu J. Significance of β-Galactoside α2,6 Sialyltranferase 1 in Cancers. Molecules 2015; 20:7509-27. [PMID: 25919275 PMCID: PMC6272632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells. It takes a variety of forms, which includes loss of expression or excessive expression of some structures, the accumulation of precursors, the appearance of novel structures, etc. Notably, these changes in glycan structure do not occur as a random consequence of disorder biology. Only a limited subset of oligosaccharides is found frequently enriched on the tumor cell surface and implicated in different tumor phenotypes. Among these, altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors such as invasion and enhanced cell survival and accumulating evidence points to the alteration occurring in the sialic acid linkage to other sugars, which normally exists in three main configurations: α2,3, α2,6, and α2,8, catalyzed by a group of sialyltransferases. The aberrant expression of all three configurations has been described in cancer progression. However, the increased α2,6 sialylation catalyzed by β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltranferase 1 (ST6Gal I) is frequently observed in many types of the cancers. In this review, we describe the findings on the role of ST6Gal I in cancer progression, and highlight in particular the knowledge of how ST6Gal I-mediated α2,6 sialylated glycans or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to promote the malignant phenotype of human carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishun Lu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Trinchera M, Chiricolo M. Sialosignaling: Sialyltransferases as engines of self-fueling loops in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2752-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Cho M, Eze O, Xu R. Molecular genetics of gastric adenocarcinoma in clinical practice. World J Med Genet 2014; 4:58-68. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v4.i3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular genetics of gastric carcinoma (GC) dictates their biology and clinical behavior. The two morphologically distinct types of gastric carcinoma by Lauren classification, i.e., intestinal and diffuse cell types, have a significant difference in clinical outcome. These two types of GC have different molecular pathogenetic pathways with unique genetic alterations. In addition to environmental and other etiologies, intestinal type GC is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and involves a multistep molecular pathway driving the normal epithelium to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and malignant transformation by chromosomal and/or microsatellite instability (MSI), mutation of tumor suppressor genes, and loss of heterozygosity among others. Diffuse type shows no clear causal relationship with H. pylori infection, but is commonly associated with deficiency of cell-cell adhesion due to mutation of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1), and a manifestation of the hereditary gastric cancer syndrome. Thus, detection of CDH1 mutation or loss of expression of E-cadherin may aid in early diagnosis or screening of diffuse type GC. Detection of certain genetic markers, for example, MSI and matrix metalloproteinases, may provide prognostic information, particularly for intestinal type. The common genetic alterations may offer therapeutic targets for treatment of GC. Polymorphisms in Thymidylate synthase to metabolize 5-fluorouracil, glutathione S-transferase for degradation of Cisplatin, and amplification/overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeted by monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab, are a few examples. P13K/Akt/mTOR pathway, c-Met pathways, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor, and micro RNAs are several potential therapeutic biomarkers for GC under investigation.
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22
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Wang L, Li D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cui J, Cui A, Wu W. Expression of RUNX3 and β-catenin in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6039-46. [PMID: 24622886 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the possible roles of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and β-catenin in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenomas. The expression of the RUNX3 and β-catenin proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 23 normal colorectal mucosa (NCM), 81 sporadic colorectal tubular adenomas with different dysplasias (SCTA-D) (mild n=33, moderate n=23, and severe n=25 dysplasia), and 48 sporadic colorectal tubular adenomas with cancerous changes (SCTA-Ca). RUNX3 methylation was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), combined with laser capture microdissection (LCM), in 17 NCM, 41 SCTA-D (mild n=15, moderate n=12, and severe n=14 dysplasia), and 17 SCTA-Ca tissues. Compared to NCM (82.6 %), RUNX3 in SCTA-D (54.3 %) and SCTA-Ca (27.1 %) was significantly downregulated (P<0.05). In NCM, SCTA-D, and SCTA-Ca, the incidence of positive expression for β-catenin was 13.0, 60.5, and 79.2 %, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed (P<0.05). RUNX3 levels were markedly higher in adenoma with mild dysplasia (75.8 %) and moderate dysplasia (60.9 %) than in adenoma with severe dysplasia (20.0 %) (both with P<0.05). Likewise, the expression of β-catenin in severe dysplasia adenoma was 84.0 %, which was significantly higher than that in mild dysplasia adenoma (39.4 %). An inverse correlation was found between the protein expression of RUNX3 and β-catenin in SCTA-D and SCTA-Ca (P<0.05). MSP results showed that RUNX3 methylation in NCM, SCTA-D, and SCTA-Ca was 5.9, 17.1, and 41.2 %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between NCM and SCTA-Ca (P<0.05). However, no significant difference of RUNX3 methylation was observed among different dysplasia groups. RUNX3 and β-catenin play important roles in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenomas. In addition, hypermethylation of RUNX3 can downregulate its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wang
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No 215, West Heping Rd, 050000, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Ju X, Ishikawa TO, Naka K, Ito K, Ito Y, Oshima M. Context-dependent activation of Wnt signaling by tumor suppressor RUNX3 in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:418-24. [PMID: 24447505 PMCID: PMC4317806 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor for a variety of cancers. RUNX3 suppresses the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the TCF4/β-catenin complex, resulting in the inhibition of binding of the complex to the Wnt target gene promoter. Here, we confirmed that RUNX3 suppressed Wnt signaling activity in several gastric cancer cell lines; however, we found that RUNX3 increased the Wnt signaling activity in KatoIII and SNU668 gastric cancer cells. Notably, RUNX3 expression increased the ratio of the Wnt signaling-high population in the KatoIII cells. although the maximum Wnt activation level of individual cells was similar to that in the control. As found previously, RUNX3 also binds to TCF4 and β-catenin in KatoIII cells, suggesting that these molecules form a ternary complex. Moreover, the ChIP analyses revealed that TCF4, β-catenin and RUNX3 bind the promoter region of the Wnt target genes, Axin2 and c-Myc, and the occupancy of TCF4 and β-catenin in these promoter regions is increased by the RUNX3 expression. These results suggest that RUNX3 stabilizes the TCF4/β-catenin complex on the Wnt target gene promoter in KatoIII cells, leading to activation of Wnt signaling. Although RUNX3 increased the Wnt signaling activity, its expression resulted in suppression of tumorigenesis of KatoIII cells, indicating that RUNX3 plays a tumor-suppressing role in KatoIII cells through a Wnt-independent mechanism. These results indicate that RUNX3 can either suppress or activate the Wnt signaling pathway through its binding to the TCF4/β-catenin complex by cell context-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ju
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Role of RUNX3 in suppressing metastasis and angiogenesis of human prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86917. [PMID: 24475196 PMCID: PMC3901713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 (runt-related transcription factor-3) has been reported to suppress tumor tumorigenesis and metastasis in different human cancers. In this study, we used tissue microarray (TMA) to determine the significance of RUNX3 in prostate cancer progession. Our results showed ectopic expression of RUNX3 in prostate cancer tissues when compared with tumor adjacent normal prostate tissues, and reduced RUNX3 staining was significantly correlated with TNM stage. Moreover, we demonstrated that RUNX3 overexpression inhibited prostate cancer cell migration and invasion resulting from the elevated upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), which subsequently inhibited metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and activity in vitro. Knock down of RUNX3 expression broke up the balance of TIMP-2/MMP-2, whereas silence of TIMP-2 resulted in the inhibition of MMP-2 expression in prostate cells. We also showed that restoration of RUNX3 decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and suppressed endothelial cell growth and tube formation. Strikingly, RUNX3 was demonstrated to inhibit tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Altogether, our results support the tumor suppressive role of RUNX3 in human prostate cancer, and provide insights into development of targeted therapy for this disease.
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Liu Z, Chen L, Zhang X, Xu X, Xing H, Zhang Y, Li W, Yu H, Zeng J, Jia J. RUNX3 regulates vimentin expression via miR-30a during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:610-23. [PMID: 24447545 PMCID: PMC4000113 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a putative tumour suppressor via regulating the expression of a series of target genes. Clinical studies demonstrated that loss of RUNX3 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression and poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear. Accumulating evidence shows that the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer relapse and metastasis. Therefore, we addressed whether RUNX3 has a role in the EMT in gastric cancer. Knockdown of RUNX3 promoted cell invasion and increased the protein expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin in human gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of RUNX3 suppressed cell invasion and decreased the protein expression of vimentin in the cells and inhibited gastric cancer cells colonization in nude mice. Furthermore, overexpression of RUNX3 increased the expression of microRNA-30a (miR-30a), and miR-30a directly targeted the 3′ untranslated region of vimentin and decreased its protein level. miR-30a inhibitor abrogated RUNX3-mediated inhibition of cell invasion and downregulation of vimentin. Thus, RUNX3 suppressed gastric cancer cell invasion and vimentin expression by activating miR-30a. In gastric cancer patients, levels of RUNX3 were positively correlated with miR-30a and negatively associated with the levels of vimentin. Collectively, our data suggest a novel molecular mechanism for the tumour suppressor activity of RUNX3. Effective therapy targeting the RUNX3 pathway may help control gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis by inhibiting the EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chen F, Bai J, Li W, Mei P, Liu H, Li L, Pan Z, Wu Y, Zheng J. RUNX3 suppresses migration, invasion and angiogenesis of human renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56241. [PMID: 23457532 PMCID: PMC3572981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 (runt-related transcription factor-3) is a known tumor suppressor gene which exhibits potent antitumor activity in several carcinomas. However, little is known about the role of RUNX3 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To investigate the clinical relevance of RUNX3 in RCC patients, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the clinical relevance of RUNX3 in 75 RCC tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues by using tissue microarray (TMA). We also investigated the role of RUNX3 in RCC cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. The RUNX3 expression was decreased dramatically in human RCC tissue. The RUNX3 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P<0.001), depth of invasion (P<0.001), and of TNM stage (P<0.001). Restoration of RUNX3 significantly decreased renal carcinoma cell migration and invasion capacity compared with controls. In addition, we found that overexpression of RUNX3 reduced the proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Gelatin zymography and Western blot showed that RUNX3 expression suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein level and enzyme activity. Western blot and ELISA showed that RUNX3 restoration inhibited the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Taken together, our studies indicate that decreased expression of RUNX3 in human RCC tissue is significantly correlated with RCC progression. Restoration of RUNX3 expression significantly inhibits RCC cells migration, invasion and angiogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the significance of RUNX3 in migration, invasion and angiogenesis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengjin Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yongping Wu
- School of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (YW)
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (YW)
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Genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation in lung adenocarcinoma and integration with mRNA expression. Genome Res 2012; 22:1197-211. [PMID: 22613842 PMCID: PMC3396362 DOI: 10.1101/gr.132662.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and adenocarcinoma is its most common histological subtype. Clinical and molecular evidence indicates that lung adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, which has important implications for treatment. Here we performed genome-scale DNA methylation profiling using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 platform on 59 matched lung adenocarcinoma/non-tumor lung pairs, with genome-scale verification on an independent set of tissues. We identified 766 genes showing altered DNA methylation between tumors and non-tumor lung. By integrating DNA methylation and mRNA expression data, we identified 164 hypermethylated genes showing concurrent down-regulation, and 57 hypomethylated genes showing increased expression. Integrated pathways analysis indicates that these genes are involved in cell differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, RAS and WNT signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation, among others. Comparison of DNA methylation profiles between lung adenocarcinomas of current and never-smokers showed modest differences, identifying only LGALS4 as significantly hypermethylated and down-regulated in smokers. LGALS4, encoding a galactoside-binding protein involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, was recently shown to be a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Unsupervised analysis of the DNA methylation data identified two tumor subgroups, one of which showed increased DNA methylation and was significantly associated with KRAS mutation and to a lesser extent, with smoking. Our analysis lays the groundwork for further molecular studies of lung adenocarcinoma by identifying novel epigenetically deregulated genes potentially involved in lung adenocarcinoma development/progression, and by describing an epigenetic subgroup of lung adenocarcinoma associated with characteristic molecular alterations.
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Liu Z, Xu X, Chen L, Li W, Sun Y, Zeng J, Yu H, Chen C, Jia J. Helicobacter pylori CagA inhibits the expression of Runx3 via Src/MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in gastric epithelial cell. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1080-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen Y, Wei X, Guo C, Jin H, Han Z, Han Y, Qiao T, Wu K, Fan D. Runx3 suppresses gastric cancer metastasis through inactivation of MMP9 by upregulation of TIMP-1. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1586-98. [PMID: 21128246 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that loss of RUNX3 expression is involved with gastric tumor metastasis. However, the precise mechanism of RUNX3-mediated suppression of tumor metastasis remains elusive. We aimed to clarify the effect of RUNX3 on tumor metastasis in gastric cancer cell lines and tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed that RUNX3 was significantly decreased in metastatic gastric cancer. Gelatin zymography and Western blot showed that instead of regulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression, RUNX3 expression inhibited MMP9 enzyme activity, and this was consistent with the upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) by RUNX3. TIMP1 siRNA treatment impaired RUNX3-mediated suppression of gastric cancer cell invasion. Reporter assays demonstrated regulation of TIMP-1 by RUNX3. Two RUNX3 binding sites were identified in the TIMP-1 promoter and direct interaction of RUNX3 with the TIMP-1 promoter was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide evidence for RUNX3-mediated suppression of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis and define a novel molecular mechanism that for the metastasis-inhibiting activity of RUNX3. These data may be applied in the development of RUNX3 for gastric cancer metastasis diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Yamamoto K, Kawakubo T, Yasukochi A, Tsukuba T. Emerging roles of cathepsin E in host defense mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:105-12. [PMID: 21664991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin E is an intracellular aspartic proteinase of the pepsin superfamily, which is predominantly expressed in certain cell types, including the immune system cells and rapidly regenerating gastric mucosal and epidermal keratinocytes. The intracellular localization of this protein varies with different cell types. The endosomal localization is primarily found in antigen-presenting cells and gastric cells. The membrane association is observed with certain cell types such as erythrocytes, osteoclasts, gastric parietal cells and renal proximal tubule cells. This enzyme is also found in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and cytosolic compartments in various cell types. In addition to its intracellular localization, cathepsin E occurs in the culture medium of activated phagocytes and cancer cells as the catalytically active enzyme. Its strategic expression and localization thus suggests the association of this enzyme with specific biological functions of the individual cell types. Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have particularly suggested that cathepsin E plays an important role in host defense against cancer cells and invading microorganisms. This review focuses emerging roles of cathepsin E in immune system cells and skin keratinocytes, and in host defense against cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamamoto
- Proteolysis Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Yasukochi A, Kawakubo T, Nakamura S, Yamamoto K. Cathepsin E enhances anticancer activity of doxorubicin on human prostate cancer cells showing resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Biol Chem 2011; 391:947-58. [PMID: 20482316 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously described that cathepsin E specifically induces growth arrest and apoptosis in several human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro by catalyzing the proteolytic release of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from the tumor cell surface. It also prevents tumor growth and metastasis in vivo through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, angiogenesis inhibition and enhanced immune responses. Using the prostate cancer cell line PPC-1, which is relatively resistant to cell death by doxorubicin (40-50% cytotoxicity), we first report that a combination treatment with cathepsin E can overcome resistance of the cells to this agent. In vitro studies showed that combined treatment of PPC-1 cells with the two agents synergistically induces viability loss, mainly owing to down-regulation of a short form of the FLICE inhibitory protein FLIP. The enhanced antitumor activity was corroborated by in vivo studies with athymic mice bearing PPC-1 xenografts. Intratumoral application of cathepsin E in doxorubicin-treated mice results in tumor cell apoptosis and tumor regression in xenografts by enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis through doxorubicin-induced c-FLIP down-regulation and by a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. These results indicate that combination of cathepsin E and doxorubicin is sufficient to overcome resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in chemoresistant prostate cancer PPC-1 cells, thus indicating therapeutic potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yasukochi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Guo C, Ahmad T, Beckly J, Cummings JRF, Hancock L, Geremia A, Cooney R, Pathan S, Jewell DP. Association of caspase-9 and RUNX3 with inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:23-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chang TL, Ito K, Ko TK, Liu Q, Salto-Tellez M, Yeoh KG, Fukamachi H, Ito Y. Claudin-1 has tumor suppressive activity and is a direct target of RUNX3 in gastric epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:255-65.e1-3. [PMID: 19706291 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The transcription factor RUNX3 is a gastric tumor suppressor. Tumorigenic Runx3(-/-) gastric epithelial cells attach weakly to each other, compared with nontumorigenic Runx3(+/+) cells. We aimed to identify RUNX3 target genes that promote cell-cell contact to improve our understanding of RUNX3's role in suppressing gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS We compared gene expression profiles of Runx3(+/+) and Runx3(-/-) cells and observed down-regulation of genes associated with cell-cell adhesion in Runx3(-/-) cells. Reporter, mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the regulation of these genes by RUNX3. Tumorigenesis assays and immunohistological analyses of human gastric tumors were performed to confirm the role of the candidate genes in gastric tumor development. RESULTS Mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the promoter activity of the gene that encodes the tight junction protein claudin-1 was up-regulated via the binding of RUNX3 to the RUNX consensus sites. The tumorigenicity of gastric epithelial cells from Runx3(-/-) mice was significantly reduced by restoration of claudin-1 expression, whereas knockdown of claudin-1 increased the tumorigenicity of human gastric cancer cells. Concomitant expression of RUNX3 and claudin-1 was observed in human normal gastric epithelium and cancers. CONCLUSIONS The tight junction protein claudin-1 has gastric tumor suppressive activity and is a direct transcriptional target of RUNX3. Claudin-1 is down-regulated during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; RUNX3 might therefore act as a tumor suppressor to antagonize the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Ling Chang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Molecular pathology of RUNX3 in human carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2009; 1796:315-31. [PMID: 19682550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of molecular biology is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression in order to achieve early detection, better diagnosis and staging and novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. We feel that an understanding of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3)-regulated biological pathways will directly impact our knowledge of these areas of human carcinogenesis. The RUNX3 transcription factor is a downstream effector of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway, and has a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death by apoptosis, and in angiogenesis, cell adhesion and invasion. We previously identified RUNX3 as a major gastric tumor suppressor by establishing a causal relationship between loss of function and gastric carcinogenesis. More recently, we showed that RUNX3 functions as a bona fide initiator of colonic carcinogenesis by linking the Wnt oncogenic and TGF-beta tumor suppressive pathways. Apart from gastric and colorectal cancers, a multitude of epithelial cancers exhibit inactivation of RUNX3, thereby making it a putative tumor suppressor in human neoplasia. This review highlights our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RUNX3 inactivation in the context of cancer development and progression.
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Hsu PI, Hsieh HL, Lee J, Lin LF, Chen HC, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Loss of RUNX3 expression correlates with differentiation, nodal metastasis, and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1686-94. [PMID: 19290488 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX3 is a major growth regulator of gastric epithelial cells that is involved in gastric tumorigenesis in both humans and mice. In this study, we investigated the involvement of RUNX3 in tumor progression, and in the prognosis of human gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed the extent of RUNX3 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 95 primary gastric adenocarcinomas, and correlated expression levels with clinicopathological parameters. We examined the effects of pFlag/RUNX3 on cell growth, apoptosis, and caspase-3 expression in AGS and SNU1 gastric cancer cell lines by colony-forming assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediate deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and Western blot analysis, respectively. The pFlag/RUNX3 effects on AGS invasion and migration potentials were also evaluated. RESULTS RUNX3 expression was lost in 37 (39%) cases of gastric cancer. The expression of RUNX3 in diffuse- and mixed-type cancers was less frequent than expression in intestinal-type cancer (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In addition, the loss of RUNX3 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02), and correlated with poor gastric cancer survival (P = 0.018). The growth of gastric cancer cells was suppressed after pFlag/RUNX3 transfection. The re-expression of RUNX3 resulted in the upregulation of caspase-3 and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, Re-expression of RUNX3 induced significant inhibitions of AGS cell invasion and migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that loss of RUNX3 expression is highly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. The re-expression of RUNX3 may induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth as well as invasion/migration of cancer cells. These results indicate that the targeting of the RUNX3 pathway could represent a potential modality for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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Kuniyasu H, Oue N, Sasahira T, Yi L, Moriwaka Y, Shimomoto T, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Yasui W. Reg IV enhances peritoneal metastasis in gastric carcinomas. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:110-21. [PMID: 19143768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of Regenerating (Reg) IV on peritoneal metastasis was examined in gastric cancer using. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reg IV-transfected human gastric cancer cells (MKN28-R1, MKN28-R2, TMK1-R1), control transfectants (MKN28-R0, TMK1-R0), and REG4-knocked down MKN45 cells were examined in in vitro and in nude mice peritoneal metastasis models. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Increase of expression and secretion of Reg IV, and levels of BCL-2, BCL-XL,survivin, phosphorylated AKT, and phosphorylated EGFR, and decrease of nitric oxide-induced apoptosis were found in Reg IV-transfectants, whereas those were abrogated in the knockdown cells. In mice models, increased number and size of peritoneal tumors and decreased apoptosis were found in Reg IV-transfectants, whereas those were abrogated by the knockdown cells. Mice survivals were worsened in Reg IV-transfectants-inoculated mice, but were improved in Reg IV-knockdown cell-inoculated mice. Levels of Reg IV protein in peritoneal lavage fluids increased in Reg IV-transfectants inoculated mice, but decreased in Reg IV-knockdown cell inoculated mice. In metastasized human gastric cancers, Reg IV positivity in peritoneum-metastasis cases was higher than those in negative cases. Reg IV was detected in peritoneal lavage fluids from human gastric cancer patients, in whose lavages keratin mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Collectively, Reg IV might accelerate peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Reg IV in lavage fluids might be a good marker for peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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André S, Sansone F, Kaltner H, Casnati A, Kopitz J, Gabius H, Ungaro R. Calix[n]arene‐Based Glycoclusters: Bioactivity of Thiourea‐Linked Galactose/Lactose Moieties as Inhibitors of Binding of Medically Relevant Lectins to a Glycoprotein and Cell‐Surface Glycoconjugates and Selectivity among Human Adhesion/Growth‐Regulatory Galectins. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1649-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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He JF, Ge MH, Zhu X, Chen C, Tan Z, Li YN, Gu ZY. Expression of RUNX3 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: implications for tumor progression and prognosis. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1334-40. [PMID: 18410404 PMCID: PMC11158834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-3 (RUNX3), being a tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, plays an important role in inhibiting cellular growth by participating in the transforming growth factor-beta-dependent apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of RUNX3 in normal salivary glands and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), comparing the results with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and Western blot analysis revealed the expression of RUNX3 both in normal salivary glands and ACCs. Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivities against RUNX3 in ductal luminal cells and acinous cells, but immunonegative in myoepithelial cells, were detected in normal salivary glands. In ACC, the RUNX3 immunostaining was shown in the cytoplasm of tumor cells; however, no nuclear location of RUNX3 was found. Lower RUNX3 expression showed significant correlation to distant metastasis and histological growth pattern (P = 0.009 and P = 0.025, respectively). On univariate analysis, low level of RUNX3 immunolabeling (P = 0.012), stage T4 (P = 0.017), lymph node involvement (P = 0.007), and distant metastasis (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed only distant metastasis had an independent prognostic effect on overall survival (P = 0.043). Our results demonstrate the expression of RUNX3 in normal salivary glands and salivary ACCs. The low level of RUNX3 protein in salivary ACCs might play a pivotal role in tumor progression and have prognostic values in ACCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #395 Yan'an Rd, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Novel roles for MLH3 deficiency and TLE6-like amplification in DNA mismatch repair-deficient gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and progression. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000092. [PMID: 18551179 PMCID: PMC2410297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair suppresses gastrointestinal tumorgenesis. Four mammalian E. coli MutL homologues heterodimerize to form three distinct complexes: MLH1/PMS2, MLH1/MLH3, and MLH1/PMS1. To understand the mechanistic contributions of MLH3 and PMS2 in gastrointestinal tumor suppression, we generated Mlh3−/−;Apc1638N and Mlh3−/−;Pms2−/−;Apc1638N (MPA) mice. Mlh3 nullizygosity significantly increased Apc frameshift mutations and tumor multiplicity. Combined Mlh3;Pms2 nullizygosity further increased Apc base-substitution mutations. The spectrum of MPA tumor mutations was distinct from that observed in Mlh1−/−;Apc1638N mice, implicating the first potential role for MLH1/PMS1 in tumor suppression. Because Mlh3;Pms2 deficiency also increased gastrointestinal tumor progression, we used array-CGH to identify a recurrent tumor amplicon. This amplicon contained a previously uncharacterized Transducin enhancer of Split (Tle) family gene, Tle6-like. Expression of Tle6-like, or the similar human TLE6D splice isoform in colon cancer cells increased cell proliferation, colony-formation, cell migration, and xenograft tumorgenicity. Tle6-like;TLE6D directly interact with the gastrointestinal tumor suppressor RUNX3 and antagonize RUNX3 target transactivation. TLE6D is recurrently overexpressed in human colorectal cancers and TLE6D expression correlates with RUNX3 expression. Collectively, these findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of individual MutL homologue tumor suppression and demonstrate an association between TLE mediated antagonism of RUNX3 and accelerated human colorectal cancer progression. Approximately one million people every year are diagnosed with colorectal cancer worldwide, and about five hundred thousand of these people subsequently perish from the disease. Colorectal cancer is thought to develop through a series of early and later stages (called cancer initiation and progression, respectively). Deaths from colorectal cancer are particularly tragic because the disease can usually be cured if discovered before full-blown progression. However, our knowledge of how these tumors progress remains very limited. DNA mismatch repair is known to be an important process in preventing ∼15% of colorectal cancer initiation. In this study we describe how two of these genes (Mlh3 and Pms2) that have partial functional redundancy and therefore individually are rarely mutated are also important in preventing colorectal cancer progression. Additionally, we describe a new gene (Tle6-like) that, when overactive, makes these cancers progress more rapidly. The overall goal of this study is to understand colorectal cancer progression better so that we can come up with new ways to block it at the later stage.
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Hasegawa K, Yazumi S, Wada M, Sakurai T, Kida M, Yamauchi J, Hisatsune H, Tada S, Ida H, Nakase Y, Sakakura C, Hagiwara A, Chiba T. Restoration of RUNX3 enhances transforming growth factor-beta-dependent p21 expression in a biliary tract cancer cell line. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:838-43. [PMID: 17470130 PMCID: PMC11159762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene localized in 1p36, a region commonly inactivated by deletion and methylation in various human tumors. To elucidate the role of RUNX3 in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling in biliary tract cancer, we transfected Mz-ChA-2 cells, which do not express RUNX3 but have intact TGF-beta type II receptor and SMAD4 genes, with the RUNX3 expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/RUNX3 or with the vector pcDNA3.1 as a control. Four Mz-ChA-2/RUNX3 clones and one control clone were obtained. Although TGF-beta1 only slightly inhibited growth of the control cells, growth inhibition and TGF-beta-dependent G(1) arrest were significantly enhanced in the RUNX3-transfected clones. None of the clones, however, exhibited apoptosis. The slightly increased TGF-beta1-induced p21 expression in the control clone was strongly enhanced in the RUNX3-transfected clones, and was accompanied by augmented decreases in the expression of cyclins D1 and E. When RUNX3 small interfering RNA was added, TGF-beta-dependent induction of p21 was reduced in the RUNX3-transfected clones. Xenografts of the clones in nude mice demonstrated that tumorigenicity was significantly decreased in the RUNX3-transfected clones in inverse proportion to the expression levels of RUNX3. Based on these results, RUNX3 is involved in TGF-beta-induced expression of p21 and the resulting induction of TGF-beta-dependent G(1) arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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42
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Park SY, Kim BH, Kim JH, Cho NY, Choi M, Yu EJ, Lee S, Kang GH. Methylation profiles of CpG island loci in major types of human cancers. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:311-7. [PMID: 17449942 PMCID: PMC2693600 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have described aberrant methylation in various types of human cancers. However, the interpretation of methylation frequency in various human cancers has some limitations because of the different materials and methods used for methylation analysis. To gain an insight into the role of DNA hypermethylation in human cancers and allow direct comparison of tissue specific methylation, we generated methylation profiles in 328 human cancers, including 24 breast, 48 colon, 61 stomach, 48 liver, 37 larynx, 24 lung, 40 prostate, and 46 uterine cervical cancer samples by analyzing CpG island hypermethylation of 13 genes using methylation-specific PCR. The mean numbers of methylated genes were 6.5, 4.4, 3.6, 3.4, 3.1, 3.1, 3.1, and 2.1 in gastric, liver, prostate, larynx, colon, lung, uterine cervix, and in breast cancer samples, respectively. The number of genes that were methylated at a frequency of more than 40% in each tumor type ranged from nine (stomach) to one (breast). Generally genes frequently methylated in a specific cancer type differed from those methylated in other cancer types. The findings indicate that aberrant CpG island hypermethylation is a frequent finding in human cancers of various tissue types, and each tissue type has its own distinct methylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Yun Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Joo Yu
- the Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- the Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Sakakura C, Miyagawa K, Fukuda KI, Nakashima S, Yoshikawa T, Kin S, Nakase Y, Ida H, Yazumi S, Yamagishi H, Okanoue T, Chiba T, Ito K, Hagiwara A, Ito Y. Frequent silencing of RUNX3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas is associated with radioresistance and poor prognosis. Oncogene 2007; 26:5927-38. [PMID: 17384682 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for some esophageal cancers, but the molecular mechanisms of radiosensitivity remain unknown. RUNX3, a novel tumor suppressor of gastric cancer, functions in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-dependent apoptosis. We obtained paired samples from 62 patients with advanced esophageal cancers diagnosed initially as T3 or T4 with image diagnosis; one sample was obtained from a biopsy before presurgical radiotherapy, and the other was resected in surgical specimens after radiotherapy. RUNX3 was repressed in 67.7% cases of the pretreatment biopsy samples and 96.7% cases of the irradiated, resected samples. The nuclear expression of RUNX3 was associated with radiosensitivity and a better prognosis than cytoplasmic or no RUNX3 expression (P<0.003); cytoplasmic RUNX3 expression was strictly associated with radioresistance. RUNX3 was downregulated and its promoter was hypermethylated in all radioresistant esophageal cancer cell lines examined. Stable transfection of esophageal cancer cells with RUNX3 slightly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro, enhanced the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of TGF-beta and increased radiosensitivity in conjunction with Bim induction. In contrast, transfection of RUNX3-expressing cells with a RUNX3 antisense construct or a Bim-specific small interfering RNA induced radioresistance. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored RUNX3 expression, increased radiosensitivity and induced Bim in both control and radioresistant cells. These results suggest that RUNX3 silencing promotes radioresistance in esophageal cancers. Examination of RUNX3 expression in pretreatment specimens may predict radiosensitivity, and induction of RUNX3 expression may increase tumor radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sakakura
- Dept of Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Div of Surgery and Physiology of the Digestive System, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Chen W, Salto-Tellez M, Palanisamy N, Ganesan K, Hou Q, Tan LK, Sii LH, Ito K, Tan B, Wu J, Tay A, Tan KC, Ang E, Tan BK, Tan PH, Ito Y, Tan P. Targets of genome copy number reduction in primary breast cancers identified by integrative genomics. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:288-301. [PMID: 17171680 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regions of recurrent aneuploidy is a major challenge of molecular cancer research. Using both oligonucleotide single-nucleotide polymorphism and mRNA expression arrays, we integrated genomic and transcriptional information to identify and prioritize candidate cancer genes in regions of increased and decreased chromosomal copy number in a cohort of primary breast cancers. Confirming the validity of this approach, several regions of previously-known copy number (CN) alterations in breast cancer could be successfully reidentified. Focusing on regions of decreased CN, we defined a prioritized list of eighteen candidate genes, which included ARPIN, FBN1, and LZTS1, previously shown to be associated with cancers in breast or other tissue types, and novel genes such as P29, MORF4L1, and TBC1D5. One such gene, the RUNX3 transcription factor, was selected for further study. We show that RUNX3 is present at reduced CNs in proportion to the rest of the tumor genome and that RUNX3 CN reductions can also be observed in a breast cancer series from a different center. Using tissue microarrays, we demonstrate in an independent cohort of over 120 breast tissues that RUNX3 protein is expressed in normal breast epithelium but not fat and stromal tissue, and widely down-regulated in the majority of breast cancers (>85%). In vitro, RUNX3 overexpression suppressed the invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a matrigel assay. Our results demonstrate the utility of integrative genomic approaches to identify novel potential cancer-related genes in primary tumors. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Agenica Research, Singapore 169610, Republic of Singapore
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Jaluria P, Betenbaugh M, Konstantopoulos K, Frank B, Shiloach J. Application of microarrays to identify and characterize genes involved in attachment dependence in HeLa cells. Metab Eng 2006; 9:241-51. [PMID: 17240181 PMCID: PMC2001267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modify cellular properties such as adhesion is of interest in the design and performance of biotechnology-related processes. The current study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effectiveness of modulating cellular adhesion in HeLa cells from a genomics perspective. Using DNA microarrays, differences in gene expression between two phenotypically distinct, anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent, HeLa cell lines were identified. With the aid of several statistical methods and an extensive literature search, two genes were selected as potential targets for further study: siat7e and lama4. Subsequently, experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of siat7e and lama4 separately, on adhesion in HeLa cells by altering their expression in vivo. Decreasing the expression of siat7e, a type II membrane glycosylating sialyltransferase, in anchorage-independent HeLa cells using short interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in greater aggregation (i.e. clumping) and morphological changes as compared to untreated anchorage-independent HeLa cells. Similar effects were seen in anchorage-independent HeLa cells when the expression of lama4 which encodes laminin alpha4, a member of the laminin family of glycoproteins, was enhanced as compared to untreated anchorage-independent HeLa cells. Using a shear flow chamber, an attachment assay was developed; illustrating either increased expression of siat7e or decreased expression of lama4 in anchorage-dependent HeLa cells reduced cellular adhesion. Collectively, the results of this study are consistent with the roles siat7e and lama4 play in adhesion processes in vivo and indicate modifying the expression of either gene can influence adhesion in HeLa cells. The strategy of applying bioinformatics techniques to characterize and manipulate phenotypic behaviors is a powerful tool for altering the properties of various cell lines for desired biotechnology objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Jaluria
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Bryan Frank
- The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD 20892
- Correspondences should be sent to: Joseph Shiloach, Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIH/NIDDK, Bldg 14A Room 173, Bethesda, MD 20892, Ph: 301 496 9719, Fax: 301 451 5911, E. mail:
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Marin HE, Peraza MA, Billin AN, Willson TM, Ward JM, Kennett MJ, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta inhibits colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4394-401. [PMID: 16618765 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable debate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) ligands potentiate or suppress colon carcinogenesis. Whereas administration of a PPARbeta ligand causes increased small intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice, PPARbeta-null (Pparb-/-) mice exhibit increased colon polyp multiplicity in colon cancer bioassays, suggesting that ligand activation of this receptor will inhibit colon carcinogenesis. This hypothesis was examined by treating wild-type (Pparb+/+) and Pparb-/- with azoxymethane, coupled with a highly specific PPARbeta ligand, GW0742. Ligand activation of PPARbeta in Pparb+/+ mice caused an increase in the expression of mRNA encoding adipocyte differentiation-related protein, fatty acid-binding protein, and cathepsin E. These findings are indicative of colonocyte differentiation, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. No PPARbeta-dependent differences in replicative DNA synthesis or expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase, integrin-linked kinase, or phospho-Akt were detected in ligand-treated mouse colonic epithelial cells although increased apoptosis was found in GW0742-treated Pparb+/+ mice. Consistent with increased colonocyte differentiation and apoptosis, inhibition of colon polyp multiplicity was also found in ligand-treated Pparb+/+ mice, and all of these effects were not found in Pparb-/- mice. In contrast to previous reports suggesting that activation of PPARbeta potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis, here we show that ligand activation of PPARbeta attenuates chemically induced colon carcinogenesis and that PPARbeta-dependent induction of cathepsin E could explain the reported disparity in the literature about the effect of ligand activation of PPARbeta in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Marin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Abstract
Over the past decade, microarrays have emerged as an important tool for the characterization of cancer cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated that cDNA arrays can help delineate biological subsets of disease that have prognostic relevance. Such studies provide hope that introduction of this information into clinical trials will lead to more biologically based stratification schemes such that appropriately tailored therapies can be developed. While the identification of unique subsets of cancer promises to improve our ability to predict which cancers are unlikely to have a significant response to therapy, new therapeutic approaches are needed in most cases. The wealth of information that comes from microarray analysis of cancer likely holds the information necessary to develop such approaches. This chapter will provide examples where microarray analysis has been used in an attempt to either direct the use of current therapies or identify new potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sears
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Puig-Kröger A, Corbí A. RUNX3: A new player in myeloid gene expression and immune response. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:744-56. [PMID: 16598764 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
RUNX transcription factors function as scaffolds for interaction with various coregulatory proteins during developmental processes such as hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. The current view places RUNX proteins within the TGF-beta signaling pathway, although each one exhibits cell- and tissue-specific functions. In the case of RUNX3, recent data have suggested its function as a tumor suppressor factor and highlighted its involvement in immune cell differentiation and activation. The molecular mechanisms for the pleiotropic effects of Runx3 deficiency are not completely understood. The present article will summarize the known functional activities of RUNX3, emphasizing its role in myeloid cell gene expression and its potential contribution to the migratory and adhesive capabilities of this cell lineage.
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