1
|
Mavrogenis AF, Altsitzioglou P, Tsukamoto S, Errani C. Biopsy Techniques for Musculoskeletal Tumors: Basic Principles and Specialized Techniques. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:900-917. [PMID: 38392061 PMCID: PMC10888002 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopsy is a pivotal component in the diagnostic process of bone and soft tissue tumors. The objective is to obtain adequate tissue without compromising local tumor dissemination and the patient's survival. This review explores contemporary principles and practices in musculoskeletal biopsies, emphasizing the critical role of diagnostic accuracy while also delving into the evolving landscape of liquid biopsies as a promising alternative in the field. A thorough literature search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the available biopsy techniques for musculoskeletal tumors, discuss the available methods, risk factors, and complications, and to emphasize the challenges related to biopsies in oncology. Research articles that studied the basic principles and specialized techniques of biopsy techniques in tumor patients were deemed eligible. Their advantages and disadvantages, technical and pathophysiological mechanisms, and possible risks and complications were reviewed, summarized, and discussed. An inadequately executed biopsy may hinder diagnosis and subsequently impact treatment outcomes. All lesions should be approached with a presumption of malignancy until proven otherwise. Liquid biopsies have emerged as a potent non-invasive tool for analyzing tumor phenotype, progression, and drug resistance and guiding treatment decisions in bone sarcomas and metastases. Despite advancements, several barriers remain in biopsies, including challenges related to costs, scalability, reproducibility, and isolation methods. It is paramount that orthopedic oncologists work together with radiologists and pathologists to enhance diagnosis, patient outcomes, and healthcare costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Pavlos Altsitzioglou
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Shinji Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
| | - Costantino Errani
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi SW, Sun AK, Cheung JPY, Ho JCY. Circulating Tumour Cells in the Prediction of Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:252. [PMID: 38254743 PMCID: PMC10813668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common organ for the development of metastases in many primary tumours, including those of the breast, prostate and lung. In most cases, bone metastasis is incurable, and treatment is predominantly palliative. Much research has focused on the role of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in the mechanism of metastasis to the bone, and methods have been developed to isolate and count CTCs from peripheral blood. Several methods are currently being used in the study of CTCs, but only one, the CellSearchTM system has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. This review summarises the advantages and disadvantages, and outlines which clinical studies have used these methods. Studies have found that CTC numbers are predictive of bone metastasis in breast, prostate and lung cancer. Further work is required to incorporate information on CTCs into current staging systems to guide treatment in the prevention of tumour progression into bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Wai Choi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tramatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aria Kaiyuan Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (A.K.S.); (J.C.-Y.H.)
| | - Jason Pui-Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tramatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jemmi Ching-Ying Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (A.K.S.); (J.C.-Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zivanovic A, Miller J, Munro S, Knutson T, Li Y, Passow C, Simonaitis P, Lynch M, Oseth L, Zhao S, Feng F, Wikström P, Corey E, Morrissey C, Henzler C, Raphael B, Dehm S. Co-evolution of AR gene copy number and structural complexity in endocrine therapy resistant prostate cancer. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad045. [PMID: 37636316 PMCID: PMC10448862 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) inhibition is standard of care for advanced prostate cancer (PC). However, efficacy is limited by progression to castration-resistant PC (CRPC), usually due to AR re-activation via mechanisms that include AR amplification and structural rearrangement. These two classes of AR alterations often co-occur in CRPC tumors, but it is unclear whether this reflects intercellular or intracellular heterogeneity of AR. Resolving this is important for developing new therapies and predictive biomarkers. Here, we analyzed 41 CRPC tumors and 6 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) using linked-read DNA-sequencing, and identified 7 tumors that developed complex, multiply-rearranged AR gene structures in conjunction with very high AR copy number. Analysis of PDX models by optical genome mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that AR residing on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was an underlying mechanism, and was associated with elevated levels and diversity of AR expression. This study identifies co-evolution of AR gene copy number and structural complexity via ecDNA as a mechanism associated with endocrine therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Zivanovic
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah A Munro
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yingming Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Courtney N Passow
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pijus Simonaitis
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Molly Lynch
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - LeAnn Oseth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lo N, He HH, Chen S. Genome-wide studies in prostate cancer poised liquid biopsy as a molecular discovery tool. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1185013. [PMID: 37692852 PMCID: PMC10484097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1185013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is emerging as an intriguing tool in clinical disease detection and monitoring. Compared to a standard tissue biopsy, performing a liquid biopsy incurs minimal invasiveness, captures comprehensive disease representation, and can be more sensitive at an early stage. Recent genome-wide liquid biopsy studies in prostate cancer analyzing plasma samples have provided insights into the genome and epigenome dynamics during disease progression. In-depth genomic sequencing can offer a comprehensive understanding of cancer evolution, enabling more accurate clinical decision-making. Furthermore, exploring beyond the DNA sequence itself provides opportunities to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying various disease phenotypes. Here, we summarize these advances and offer prospects for their future application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sujun Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xanthopoulos A, Samt AK, Guder C, Taylor N, Roberts E, Herf H, Messner V, Trill A, Holzmann KLK, Kiechle M, Seifert-Klauss V, Zschaeck S, Schatka I, Tauber R, Schmidt R, Enste K, Pockley AG, Lobinger D, Multhoff G. Hsp70-A Universal Biomarker for Predicting Therapeutic Failure in Human Female Cancers and a Target for CTC Isolation in Advanced Cancers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2276. [PMID: 37626772 PMCID: PMC10452093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is frequently overexpressed in many different tumor types. However, Hsp70 has also been shown to be selectively presented on the plasma membrane of tumor cells, but not normal cells, and this membrane form of Hsp70 (mHsp70) could be considered a universal tumor biomarker. Since viable, mHsp70-positive tumor cells actively release Hsp70 in lipid micro-vesicles, we investigated the utility of Hsp70 in circulation as a universal tumor biomarker and its potential as an early predictive marker of therapeutic failure. We have also evaluated mHsp70 as a target for the isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with different tumor entities. Circulating vesicular Hsp70 levels were measured in the peripheral blood of tumor patients with the compHsp70 ELISA. CTCs were isolated using cmHsp70.1 and EpCAM monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based bead approaches and characterized by immunohistochemistry using cytokeratin and CD45-specific antibodies. In two out of 35 patients exhibiting therapeutic failure two years after initial diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer, progressively increasing levels of circulating Hsp70 had already been observed during therapy, whereas levels in patients without subsequent recurrence remained unaltered. With regards to CTC isolation from patients with different tumors, an Hsp70 mAb-based selection system appears superior to an EpCAM mAb-based approach. Extracellular and mHsp70 can therefore serve as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic failure in early-stage tumors and as a target for the isolation of CTCs in various tumor diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Xanthopoulos
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Samt
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Christiane Guder
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Erika Roberts
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Hannah Herf
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Verena Messner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Anskar Trill
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Katharina Larissa Kreszentia Holzmann
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (M.K.); (V.S.-K.)
| | - Vanadin Seifert-Klauss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (M.K.); (V.S.-K.)
| | - Sebastian Zschaeck
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Imke Schatka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Robert Tauber
- Department of Urology, Klinkum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen, 81545 Munich, Germany; (R.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Katrin Enste
- Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen, 81545 Munich, Germany; (R.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Dominik Lobinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, München Klinik Bogenhausen, Lehrkrankenhaus der TU München, 81925 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.X.); (A.-K.S.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (A.T.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Erickson A, Chiarelli PA, Huang J, Levengood SL, Zhang M. Electrospun nanofibers for 3-D cancer models, diagnostics, and therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1279-1298. [PMID: 36106417 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of global mortality, cancer has prompted extensive research and development to advance efficacious drug discovery, sustained drug delivery and improved sensitivity in diagnosis. Towards these applications, nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning have exhibited great clinical potential as a biomimetic tumor microenvironment model for drug screening, a controllable platform for localized, prolonged drug release for cancer therapy, and a highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tool for capture and isolation of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream and for detection of cancer-associated biomarkers. This review provides an overview of applied nanofiber design with focus on versatile electrospinning fabrication techniques. The influence of topographical, physical, and biochemical properties on the function of nanofiber assemblies is discussed, as well as current and foreseeable barriers to the clinical translation of applied nanofibers in the field of oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Erickson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Peter A Chiarelli
- The Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jianxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Sheeny Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tulpule V, Morrison GJ, Falcone M, Quinn DI, Goldkorn A. Integration of Liquid Biopsies in Clinical Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1287-1298. [PMID: 35575959 PMCID: PMC9474724 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The field of liquid biopsies is constantly evolving through novel technologies. This review outlines current data on liquid biopsies and application to clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS To date, there are three platforms with FDA approval for use in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer and others which have been clinically validated. There is substantial evidence supporting the use of circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration to guide prognosis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additional evidence supports targeted sequencing of CTC and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to guide androgren-directed therapy, identify candidates for treatment with PARP inhibitors, and monitor development of resistance. As a real-time and minimally invasive approach, utilization of liquid biopsies has the potential to drastically impact the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and improve overall survival. With further clinical validation, additional liquid biopsy is likely to enter standard clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tulpule
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gareth J Morrison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Falcone
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David I Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jang A, Rauterkus GP, Vaishampayan UN, Barata PC. Overcoming Obstacles in Liquid Biopsy Developments for Prostate Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:897-912. [PMID: 36051571 PMCID: PMC9427206 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s285758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Over time, it can metastasize and become lethal once it exhausts hormonal therapies and transitions into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several therapies have been recently approved for advanced prostate cancer, but identifying biomarkers for current treatments and searching for more effective treatments are urgently needed. Liquid biopsy is a powerful tool for isolating genetic material, proteins, and whole tumor cells from the blood. In recent decades, this technology has rapidly advanced, allowing for better insights into the pathogenesis and treatment response in different stages of prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize important clinical studies involving liquid biopsies in prostate cancer with a focus on advanced disease, notably regarding circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes. We highlight the progress and the challenges that still exist for these technologies. Finally, we discuss promising avenues that will further expand the importance of liquid biopsy in the care for prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Pedro C Barata
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo K, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Huang S, Li R. The Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Prognosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933645. [PMID: 35860591 PMCID: PMC9293050 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, tumor diagnosis and treatment theory have developed in a variety of directions. The number of people dying from pancreatic cancer increases while the mortality rate of other common tumors decreases. Traditional imaging methods show the boundaries of pancreatic tumor, but they are not sufficient to judge early micrometastasis. Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) have the obvious advantages of simplicity and minimal invasiveness, these biomarkers obviously lack sensitivity and specificity. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have attracted attention as a non-invasive, dynamic, and real-time liquid biopsy technique for analyzing tumor characteristics. With the continuous development of new CTCs enrichment technologies, substantial progress has been made in the basic research of CTCs clinical application prospects. In many metastatic cancers, CTCs have been studied as an independent prognostic factor. This article reviews the research progress of CTCs in the treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun N, Yang Y, Miao H, Redublo P, Liu H, Liu W, Huang YW, Teng PC, Zhang C, Zhang RY, Smalley M, Yang P, Chou SJ, Huai K, Zhang Z, Lee YT, Wang JJ, Wang J, Liang IY, Zhang TX, Zhang D, Liang L, Weiss PS, Posadas EM, Donahue T, Hecht JR, Allen-Auerbach MS, Bergsland EK, Hope TA, Pei R, Zhu Y, Tseng HR, Heaney AP. Discovery and characterization of circulating tumor cell clusters in neuroendocrine tumor patients using nanosubstrate-embedded microchips. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 199:113854. [PMID: 34896918 PMCID: PMC8900541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are present in cancer patients with severe metastasis, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. However, CTC clusters have not been studied as extensively as single CTCs, and the clinical utility of CTC clusters remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim sought to explore the feasibility of NanoVelcro Chips to simultaneously detect both single CTCs and CTC clusters with negligible perturbation to their intrinsic properties in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We discovered frequent CTC clusters in patients with advanced NETs and examined their potential roles, together with single NET CTCs, as novel biomarkers of patient response following peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). We observed dynamic changes in both total NET CTCs and NET CTC cluster counts in NET patients undergoing PRRT which correlated with clinical outcome. These preliminary findings suggest that CTC clusters, along with single CTCs, offer a potential non-invasive option to monitor the treatment response in NET patients undergoing PRRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States,Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Hui Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Peter Redublo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Hongtao Liu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Yen-Wen Huang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Pai-Chi Teng
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Ceng Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States,Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Peng Yang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Kevin Huai
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Yi-Te Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Jasmine J. Wang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Icy Y. Liang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Tiffany X. Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Edwin M. Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Timothy Donahue
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - J. Randolph Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Martin S. Allen-Auerbach
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Emily K. Bergsland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Thomas A. Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China,Corresponding author. (R. Pei)
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States,Corresponding author. (Y. Zhu)
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States,Corresponding author. (H.-R. Tseng)
| | - Anthony P. Heaney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States, Corresponding author. (A.P. Heaney)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Danila DC. Liquid biopsy as a cancer biomarker-potential, and challenges. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Barrera-Saldaña HA, Fernández-Garza LE, Barrera-Barrera SA. Liquid biopsy in chronic liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2021; 20:100197. [PMID: 32444248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases account for a considerable toll of incapacities, suffering, deaths, and resources of the nation's health systems. They can be prevented, treated or even cured when the diagnosis is made on time. Traditional liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose liver diseases, but it has several limitations. Liquid biopsy is emerging as a superior alternative to surgical biopsy given that it surpasses the limitations: it is more convenient, readily and repeatedly accessible, safe, cheap, and provides a more detailed molecular and cellular representation of the individual patient's disease. Progress in understanding the molecular and cellular bases of diseased tissues and organs that normally release cells and cellular components into the bloodstream is catapulting liquid biopsy as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response, thus supporting the realization of the promises of precision medicine. The review aims to summarize the evidence of the usefulness of liquid biopsy in liver diseases, including the presence of different biomarkers as circulating epithelial cells, cell-free nucleic acids, specific species of DNA and RNA, and the content of extracellular vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Barrera-Saldaña
- Innbiogem SC at National Laboratory for Services of Research, Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEDI) of CONACyT Vitaxentrum group, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; Center for Biotechnological Genomics of National Polytechnical Institute, Reynosa, Tamps., Mexico.
| | - Luis E Fernández-Garza
- Innbiogem SC at National Laboratory for Services of Research, Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEDI) of CONACyT Vitaxentrum group, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Silvia A Barrera-Barrera
- Innbiogem SC at National Laboratory for Services of Research, Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEDI) of CONACyT Vitaxentrum group, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinical Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer Management. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091179. [PMID: 34572366 PMCID: PMC8471111 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the low specificity of the routinely used biomarker prostate-specific antigen, circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration seems to be particularly useful in the monitoring of prostate cancer. In this review, we focused on a few aspects of CTC enumeration in prostate malignancies: prognostic value in metastatic and non-metastatic tumors, role in the monitoring of treatment outcomes, use as a surrogate marker for survival, and other applications, mostly for research purposes. CTC enumeration, without a doubt, offers an attractive perspective in the management of prostate cancer. However, the vast majority of available data about the role of CTC in this malignancy originate from randomized studies of anticancer agents and do not necessarily translate into real-world clinical practice. Further, most studies on the application of CTC in prostate cancer patients were limited to advanced stages of this malignancy. Meanwhile, the role of CTC in the early stages of prostate cancer, in which some patients may present with occult disseminated disease, is still relatively poorly understood, and should thus be studied extensively. Other obstacles in the widespread application of CTC enumeration in routine clinical practice include considerable discrepancies in the number of cells determined with various commercially available systems.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ladurner M, Wieser M, Eigentler A, Seewald M, Dobler G, Neuwirt H, Kafka M, Heidegger I, Horninger W, Bektic J, Klocker H, Obrist P, Eder IE. Validation of Cell-Free RNA and Circulating Tumor Cells for Molecular Marker Analysis in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081004. [PMID: 34440208 PMCID: PMC8391593 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since tissue material is often lacking in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), there is increasing interest in using liquid biopsies for treatment decision and monitoring therapy responses. The purpose of this study was to validate the usefulness of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma-derived cell-free (cf) RNA as starting material for gene expression analysis through qPCR. CTCs were identified upon prostate-specific membrane antigen and/or cytokeratin positivity after enrichment with ScreenCell (Westford, Massachusetts, USA) filters or the microfluidic ParsortixTM (Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom) system. Overall, 50% (28/56) of the patients had ≥5 CTCs/7.5 mL of blood. However, CTC count did not correlate with Gleason score, serum PSA, or gene expression. Notably, we observed high expression of CD45 in CTC samples after enrichment, which could be successfully eliminated through picking of single cells. Gene expression in picked CTCs was, however, rather low. In cfRNA from plasma, on the other hand, gene expression levels were higher compared to those found in CTCs. Moreover, we found that PSA was significantly increased in plasma-derived cfRNA of mPCa patients compared to healthy controls. High PSA expression was also associated with poor overall survival, indicating that using cfRNA from plasma could be used as a valuable tool for molecular expression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ladurner
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Manuel Wieser
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, 6511 Zams, Austria; (M.W.); (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Andrea Eigentler
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Martin Seewald
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, 6511 Zams, Austria; (M.W.); (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Gabriele Dobler
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Hannes Neuwirt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Mona Kafka
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Jasmin Bektic
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Peter Obrist
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, 6511 Zams, Austria; (M.W.); (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Iris E. Eder
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.); (A.E.); (G.D.); (M.K.); (I.H.); (W.H.); (J.B.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-24819; Fax: +43-512-504-24817
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Daniel M, Knutson TP, Sperger JM, Li Y, Singh A, Stahlfeld CN, Passow C, Auch B, Lang JM, Dehm SM. AR gene rearrangement analysis in liquid biopsies reveals heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:645-655. [PMID: 34280123 PMCID: PMC8363559 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is driven by AR gene aberrations that arise during androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy. AR amplification and mutations have been profiled in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), but whether AR gene rearrangements can be assessed in CTCs is unknown. In this study, we leveraged CRPC cell lines with defined AR gene rearrangements to develop and validate a CTC DNA analysis approach that utilized whole genome amplification and targeted DNA-sequencing of AR and other genes important in CRPC. We tested the utility of this approach by analyzing matched CTC DNA and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from a case series of ten CRPC patients. One of ten CTC samples and two of ten cfDNA samples were positive for AR gene rearrangements. All AR gene rearrangements were discordant between matched liquid biopsy samples. One patient harbored separate AR gene rearrangements in CTC DNA and cfDNA, but concordant AR amplification and AR T878A mutation. This patient also displayed concordant loss of TP53 and PTEN, but the loss of RB1 in cfDNA only. The overall frequency of discordant alterations in these genes between matched CTC DNA and cfDNA was high. This study establishes the technical feasibility of analyzing structural rearrangements, mutations, and copy number variants in AR and other CRPC genes using two different sources of DNA from a single blood sample. Paired CTC DNA and cfDNA analysis may have utility for capturing the heterogeneity of genetic alterations in CRPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd P. Knutson
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jamie M. Sperger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yingming Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anupama Singh
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charlotte N. Stahlfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Courtney Passow
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Auch
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding Author: Scott M. Dehm, MCRB 560D, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Tel: (612) 625-1504. Fax: (612) 626-4915.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Enkhbat M, Liu Y, Kim J, Xu Y, Yin Z, Liu T, Deng C, Zou C, Xie X, Li X, Wang P. Expansion of Rare Cancer Cells into Tumoroids for Therapeutic Regimen and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myagmartsend Enkhbat
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yung‐Chiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jua Kim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yanshan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Zongyi Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery General Hospital of Shenzhen University Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tzu‐Ming Liu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macao 999078 China
| | - Chu‐Xia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macao 999078 China
| | - Chang Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518020 China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery General Hospital of Shenzhen University Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Peng‐Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Swinburne University of Technology Victoria 3122 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Circulating Tumor Cells from Enumeration to Analysis: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112723. [PMID: 34072844 PMCID: PMC8198976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With estimated numbers of 1–10 per mL of blood, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely rare compared to white (a few million) or red (billions) blood cells. Given their critical role in metastasis, CTCs have enormous potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response. There are now efforts to characterize CTCs more precisely through molecular and functional analysis, expanding the CTC effort from one of diagnosis and prognosis to now include the use of CTCs to specifically target cancers and discover therapeutic solutions, establishing CTCs as critical in precision medicine. This article summarizes current knowledge about CTC isolation technologies and discusses the translational benefits of different types of downstream analysis approaches, including single-CTC analysis, ex vivo expansion of CTCs, and characterization of CTC-associated cells. Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as a major contributor to distant metastasis. Their unique role as metastatic seeds renders them a potential marker in the circulation for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as monitoring of therapeutic response. In the past decade, researchers mainly focused on the development of isolation techniques for improving the recovery rate and purity of CTCs. These developed techniques have significantly increased the detection sensitivity and enumeration accuracy of CTCs. Currently, significant efforts have been made toward comprehensive molecular characterization, ex vivo expansion of CTCs, and understanding the interactions between CTCs and their associated cells (e.g., immune cells and stromal cells) in the circulation. In this review, we briefly summarize existing CTC isolation technologies and specifically focus on advances in downstream analysis of CTCs and their potential applications in precision medicine. We also discuss the current challenges and future opportunities in their clinical utilization.
Collapse
|
18
|
Scher HI, Armstrong AJ, Schonhoft JD, Gill A, Zhao JL, Barnett E, Carbone E, Lu J, Antonarakis ES, Luo J, Tagawa S, Dos Anjos CH, Yang Q, George D, Szmulewitz R, Danila DC, Wenstrup R, Gonen M, Halabi S. Development and validation of circulating tumour cell enumeration (Epic Sciences) as a prognostic biomarker in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2021; 150:83-94. [PMID: 33894633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic significance of circulating tumour cell (CTC) number determined on the Epic Sciences platform in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with an androgen receptor signalling inhibitor (ARSI). PATIENTS AND METHODS A pre-treatment blood sample was collected from men with progressing mCRPC starting either abiraterone or enzalutamide as a first-, second- or third-line systemic therapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Discovery cohort, N = 171) or as a first- or second-line therapy as part of the multicenter PROPHECY trial (NCT02269982) (Validation cohort, N = 107). The measured CTC number was then associated with overall survival (OS) in the Discovery cohort, and progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in the Validation cohort. CTC enumeration was also performed on a concurrently obtained blood sample using the CellSearch® Circulating Tumor Cell Kit. RESULTS In the MSKCC Discovery cohort, CTC count was a statistically significant prognostic factor of OS as a dichotomous (<3 CTCs/mL versus ≥ 3 CTCs/mL; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.3-3.0]) and a continuous variable when adjusting for line of therapy, presence of visceral metastases, prostate-specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The findings were validated in an independent datas et from PROPHECY (HR [95% CI] = 1.8 [1.1-3.0] for OS and 1.7 [1.1-2.9] for PFS). A strong correlation was also observed between CTC counts determined in matched samples on the CellSearch® and Epic platforms (r = 0.84). CONCLUSION The findings validate the prognostic significance of pretreatment CTC number determined on the Epic Sciences platform for predicting OS in men with progressing mCRPC starting an ARSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - A J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - A Gill
- Epic Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J L Zhao
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Barnett
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Carbone
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Lu
- Epic Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - J Luo
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Tagawa
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - C H Dos Anjos
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D George
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Szmulewitz
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D C Danila
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - M Gonen
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Halabi
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Perillo A, Agbaje Olufemi MV, De Robbio J, Mancuso RM, Roscigno A, Tirozzi M, Scognamiglio IR. Liquid biopsy in NSCLC: a new challenge in radiation therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:156-173. [PMID: 36046142 PMCID: PMC9400754 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. To date, tissue biopsy has been the gold standard for the diagnosis and the identification of specific molecular mutations, to guide choice of therapy. However, this procedure has several limitations. Liquid biopsy could represent a solution to the intrinsic limits of traditional biopsy. It can detect cancer markers such as circulating tumor DNA or RNA (ctDNA, ctRNA), and circulating tumor cells, in plasma, serum or other biological fluids. This procedure is minimally invasive, reproducible and can be used repeatedly. The main clinical applications of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are the early diagnosis, stratification of the risk of relapse, identification of mutations to guide application of targeted therapy and the evaluation of the minimum residual disease. In this review, the current role of liquid biopsy and associated markers in the management of NSCLC patients was analyzed, with emphasis on ctDNA and CTCs, and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Perillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed Vincenzo Agbaje Olufemi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jacopo De Robbio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Margherita Mancuso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Roscigno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Tirozzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ida Rosalia Scognamiglio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Application. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:858-873. [PMID: 33811121 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have received enormous attention as new biomarkers and subjects of translational research. Although both biomarkers are already used in numerous clinical trials, their clinical utility is still under investigation with promising first results. Clinical applications include early cancer detection, improved cancer staging, early detection of relapse, real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and detection of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms. Here, we propose a conceptual framework of CTC and ctDNA assays and point out current challenges of CTC and ctDNA research, which might structure this dynamic field of translational cancer research. SIGNIFICANCE: The analysis of blood for CTCs or cell-free nucleic acids called "liquid biopsy" has opened new avenues for cancer diagnostics, including early detection of tumors, improved risk assessment and staging, as well as early detection of relapse and monitoring of tumor evolution in the context of cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang T, Agarwal A, Almquist RG, Runyambo D, Park S, Bronson E, Boominathan R, Rao C, Anand M, Oyekunle T, Healy P, McNamara MA, Ware K, Somarelli JA, George DJ, Armstrong AJ. Expression of immune checkpoints on circulating tumor cells in men with metastatic prostate cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33602330 PMCID: PMC7890610 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of men with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and there is an unmet need to predict those most likely to benefit. We characterized circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for expression of immune checkpoint ligands in men with mPC as a non-invasive biomarker of immune evasion and immunotherapy benefit. METHODS Three cohorts of patients were enrolled: 1) men with mCRPC starting abiraterone acetate/prednisone or enzalutamide (pre-ARSI), 2) men with mCRPC who were progressing on enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate/prednisone (post-ARSI), and 3) men with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) starting androgen deprivation therapy. CTCs were captured using the CellSearch® system and stained for PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and CTLA-4 at baseline, on treatment, and disease progression. Summary statistics on mean CTCs per cohort, as well as rates of ligand positivity were used to analyze CTCs by cohort and by timepoint. RESULTS Men in all cohorts and timepoints had prevalent CTC B7-H3 expression (> 80%). We found evidence for CTC PD-L1 expression across disease states, in which > 1 positive CTC or > 50% of CTCs were positive for PD-L1 in 40 and 30% of men with mHSPC, respectively, 60 and 20% of men with mCRPC pre-ARSI, and 70 and 30% of men with mCRPC post-ARSI. CTC PD-L2 expression was present in 20-40% of men in each disease state, while CTC CTLA-4 expression was rare, present in 20% of men with mCRPC pre-ARSI and 10% of men with mCRPC post-ARSI or with mHSPC. CTC immune checkpoint expression was heterogeneous within/between men and across disease states. CONCLUSIONS We have identified that CTCs from men with mPC heterogeneously express immune checkpoints B7-H3, PD-L1, PD-L2, and CTLA-4, and the detection of these immune checkpoints may enable monitoring on immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK.
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK.
| | - Anika Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
| | - R Garland Almquist
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
| | - Daniella Runyambo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
| | - Sally Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
| | - Elizabeth Bronson
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
| | | | - Chandra Rao
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Monika Anand
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Patrick Healy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Megan A McNamara
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Kathryn Ware
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Daniel J George
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, UK
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen H, Deng W, He Y, Li X, Song J, Liu R, Liu H, Yang G, Li L. Ultrasensitive aptasensor for isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells based on CeO 2@Ir nanorods and DNA walker. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112516. [PMID: 32890929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, based on dual signal amplification by CeO2@Ir nanorods (Ce@IrNRs) and enzyme-free DNA walker, a novel electrochemical aptasensor was developed for simultaneous isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). A membrane protein MUC1-targeting aptamer was used to specifically recognize and capture MCF-7 cells. Uracil DNA glycosylase could hydrolyze deoxyuracils of the aptamer to isolate the captured cells. Novel Ce@IrNRs with large surface area and high peroxidase activity were synthesized to amplify the signal, and the enzyme-free DNA walker was applied to release more signal probes combined with Ce@IrNRs. Furthermore, to reduce steric hindrance by cells, the signal probes rather than the target cells, were directly combined with the electrode. The aptasensor could detect CTCs in the range of 2 to 2 × 106 cells mL-1 with a limit of detection 1 cell mL-1. The developed aptasensor, which can simultaneously isolate and detect CTCs, has great application potential in the early monitoring of tumor metastasis and in individualized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xinrun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen K, Amontree J, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Incorporation of lateral microfiltration with immunoaffinity for enhancing the capture efficiency of rare cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14210. [PMID: 32848184 PMCID: PMC7450051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The methods for isolating rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be generally classified into two categories: those based on physical properties (e.g., size) and methods based on biological properties (e.g., immunoaffinity). CellSearch, the only FDA-approved method for the CTC-based cancer prognosis, relies on immunoaffinity interactions between CTCs and antibodies immobilized on magnetic particles. Immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation has also been employed in microfluidic devices, which show higher capture efficiency than CellSearch. We report here our investigation of combining size-based microfiltration into a microfluidic device with immunoaffinity for enhanced capture efficiency of CTCs. The device consists of four serpentine main channels, and each channel contains an array of lateral filters that create a two-dimensional flow. The main flow is through the serpentine channel, allowing the majority of the sample to pass by while the secondary flow goes through the lateral filters. The device design is optimized to make all fluid particles interact with filters. The filter sizes range from 24 to 12 µm, being slightly larger than or having similar dimension of CTCs. These filters are immobilized with antibodies specific to CTCs and thus they function as gates, allowing normal blood cells to pass by while forcing the interactions between CTCs and antibodies on the filter surfaces. The hydrodynamic force experienced by a CTC was also studied for optimal experimental conditions to ensure immunoaffinity-enabled cell capture. The device was evaluated by capturing two types of tumor cells spiked in healthy blood or a buffer, and we found that their capture efficiency was between 87.2 and 93.5%. The platform was further validated by isolating CTCs from blood samples of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jacob Amontree
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100278, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bröer S. Amino Acid Transporters as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Why, Where, When, and How. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176156. [PMID: 32859034 PMCID: PMC7503255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are indispensable for the growth of cancer cells. This includes essential amino acids, the carbon skeleton of which cannot be synthesized, and conditionally essential amino acids, for which the metabolic demands exceed the capacity to synthesize them. Moreover, amino acids are important signaling molecules regulating metabolic pathways, protein translation, autophagy, defense against reactive oxygen species, and many other functions. Blocking uptake of amino acids into cancer cells is therefore a viable strategy to reduce growth. A number of studies have used genome-wide silencing or knock-out approaches, which cover all known amino acid transporters in a large variety of cancer cell lines. In this review, these studies are interrogated together with other databases to identify vulnerabilities with regard to amino acid transport. Several themes emerge, such as synthetic lethality, reduced redundancy, and selective vulnerability, which can be exploited to stop cancer cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang J, Sun N, Lee YT, Ni Y, Koochekpour R, Zhu Y, Tseng HR, Wang S, Jiang L, Zhu H. A circulating tumor cell-based digital assay for the detection of EGFR T790M mutation in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5636-5644. [PMID: 32525199 PMCID: PMC8136811 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00589d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Determining the status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation is crucial for guiding further treatment intervention in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who develop acquired resistance to initial EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which contain plentiful copies of well-preserved RNA offer an ideal source for noninvasive detection of T790M mutation in NSCLC. We developed a CTC-based digital assay which synergistically integrates NanoVelcro Chips for enriching NSCLC CTCs and reverse-transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) for quantifying T790M transcripts in the enriched CTCs. We collected 46 peripheral arterial and venous blood samples from 27 advanced NSCLC patients for testing this CTC-based digital assay. The results showed that the T790M mutational status observed by the CTC-based digital assay matched with those observed by tissue-based diagnostic methods. Furthermore, higher copy numbers of T790M transcripts were observed in peripheral arterial blood than those detected in the matched peripheral venous blood. In short, our results demonstrated the potential of the NanoVelcro CTC-digital assay for noninvasive detection of the T790M mutation in NSCLC, and suggested that peripheral arterial blood sampling may offer a more abundant CTC source than peripheral venous blood in advanced NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. and California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Na Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Te Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yiqian Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Rose Koochekpour
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ge L, Song Y, Yang F, Zhao G, Lu M, Zhang S, Ma L. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells detection in renal cell carcinoma with thrombus: A STROBE-compliant study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20615. [PMID: 32481476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection in the surgical assessment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with thrombi.Nine patients diagnosed with renal mass and thrombi were enrolled from June 2018 to January 2019. Blood samples were collected for CTC detection using SE-iFISH assay. CD45, DAPI, programmed death ligand 1, and fluorescence in situ hybridization with the centromere of chromosome 8 (CEP8) were immune-stained for analysis. Patient demographics, clinical features, pathological characteristics, and CTC detection results were extracted for analysis.Seven of 9 patients (77.8%) had 12 detectable CTCs, 5 of which were with CEP8-positive signal ≥5 and the others were CEP8-positive signal = 3. All 3 patients (100%) with IVC invasion had detectable CTCs, whereas CTCs were detected in 4 of 6 patients (66.7%) without IVC invasion. CEP8 analysis revealed that CTCs in IVC invasion patients were all of CEP8-positive signal ≥5 status, whereas only half of the CTCs in patients without IVC invasion were of CEP8-positive signal ≥5 pattern.In conclusion, both CTC subtype and total CTC number may serve as a marker for predicting inferior vena cava invasion in RCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Künzel J, Gribko A, Lu Q, Stauber RH, Wünsch D. Nanomedical detection and downstream analysis of circulating tumor cells in head and neck patients. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1465-1479. [PMID: 30903749 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of novel biomarkers in liquid biopsies of cancer patients has come more into focus in prognostic and diagnostic research efforts. Due to their prognostic relevance disseminated tumor cells or circulating tumor cells are the subject of intensive research and are discussed as early diagnostic indicators for treatment failure and the formation of micrometastases. A potential association of this early-systemic tumor component with poor prognosis of cancer patients could be already demonstrated for various entities including breast, colon, lung, melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancers. Thus, the detection of circulating tumor cells seems to be also applicable for minimal-invasive monitoring of therapy progress in head and neck cancer patients. A major problem of the use in clinical routine is that circulating tumor cells could not be detected by modern imaging techniques. To overcome these limitations highly sensitive detection methods and techniques for their molecular characterization are urgently needed allowing mechanistic understanding and targeting of circulating tumor cells. Especially the medical application of nanotechnology (nanomedical methods) has made valuable contributions to the field. Here, we want to provide a comprehensive overview on (nanomedical) detection methods for circulating tumor cells and discuss their merits, pitfalls and future perspectives especially for head and neck solid squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Künzel
- Nanobiomedicine Department/Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alena Gribko
- Nanobiomedicine Department/Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Lu
- Nanobiomedicine Department/Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine Department/Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Désirée Wünsch
- Nanobiomedicine Department/Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dong J, Chen JF, Smalley M, Zhao M, Ke Z, Zhu Y, Tseng HR. Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903663. [PMID: 31566837 PMCID: PMC6946854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the metastatic spread of cancer and therefore are extremely valuable not only for basic research on cancer metastasis but also as potential biomarkers in diagnosing and managing cancer in the clinic. While relatively non-invasive access to the blood tissue presents an opportunity, CTCs are mixed with approximately billion-times more-populated blood cells in circulation. Therefore, the accuracy of technologies for reliable enrichment of the rare CTC population from blood samples is critical to the success of downstream analyses. The focus of this chapter is to provide the reader an overview of significant advances made in the development of diverse CTC enrichment technologies by presenting the strengths of individual techniques in addition to specific challenges remaining to be addressed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Joosse SA, Beyer B, Gasch C, Nastały P, Kuske A, Isbarn H, Horst LJ, Hille C, Gorges TM, Cayrefourcq L, Alix-Panabières C, Tennstedt P, Riethdorf S, Schlomm T, Pantel K. Tumor-Associated Release of Prostatic Cells into the Blood after Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy in Patients with Histologically Confirmed Prostate Cancer. Clin Chem 2019; 66:161-168. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.310912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDTransrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS) is a standard procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis. Because prostate cancer is a multifocal disease in many patients, multiple sampling (n ≥ 10) is required, which may bear the risk of systemic spread of cancer cells.DESIGNUsing the standardized CellSearch® system that allows for the detection of single epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood, we investigated whether prostate biopsy is associated with release of prostatic tumor cells into the circulation. Peripheral blood was obtained before and within 30 min after performing prostate biopsy from 115 men with increased serum prostate-specific antigen.RESULTSThe number of CTCs significantly increased after biopsy in men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer (odds ratio, 7.8; 95% CI, 4.8–12.8), whereas no biopsy-related changes could be detected in men without confirmed prostate cancer. Multivariable analysis showed that biopsy-related increase of CTCs was significantly correlated with a worse progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 12.4; 95% CI, 3.2–48.6) within the median follow-up of 41 months.CONCLUSIONSProstate biopsies may lead to a tumor-associated release of CTCs into the blood circulation. Larger confirmatory trials with longer follow-up periods are required before any change in clinical practice can be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Beyer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christin Gasch
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Nastały
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andra Kuske
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Isbarn
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig J Horst
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hille
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Gorges
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center and University of Montpellier, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center and University of Montpellier, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Tennstedt
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chatzkel J, Mocha J, Smith J, Zhou JM, Kim Y, El-Haddad G, Zhang J. Circulating tumor cells and γH2AX as biomarkers for responsiveness to radium-223 in advanced prostate cancer patients. Future Sci OA 2019; 6:FSO437. [PMID: 31915536 PMCID: PMC6920735 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Radium-223 improves overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer to the bone. Radium-223 causes double-strand DNA breaks and produces γH2AX, a potential biomarker for response. We examined the feasibility of tracking γH2AX positivity and numeration in circulating tumor cells. Patients & methods Ten patients with biopsy-confirmed symptomatic M1b castration-resistant prostate cancer received radium-223 as standard of care and were assessed for γH2AX level changes following doses 1, 3 and 6. Results Trend tests confirmed that patients with ≥50% increase in circulating tumor cells positive for γH2AX postradium-223 therapy had a lower risk of death (p = 0.035). Conclusion Regular interval measurements of γH2AX are feasible. The potential correlation between γH2AX changes and overall survival warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chatzkel
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608, FL, USA
| | - Jesse Mocha
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Johnna Smith
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Jun-Min Zhou
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Cancer Biology & Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Ghassan El-Haddad
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Soda N, Rehm BHA, Sonar P, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6670-6704. [PMID: 31646316 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept that provides important information for monitoring and identifying tumor genomes in body fluid samples. Detection of tumor origin biomolecules like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor specific nucleic acids (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs)), exosomes, autoantibodies in blood, saliva, stool, urine, etc. enables cancer screening, early stage diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response through minimally invasive means. From reliance on painful and hazardous tissue biopsies or imaging depending on sophisticated equipment, cancer management schemes are witnessing a rapid evolution towards minimally invasive yet highly sensitive liquid biopsy-based tools. Clinical application of liquid biopsy is already paving the way for precision theranostics and personalized medicine. This is achieved especially by enabling repeated sampling, which in turn provides a more comprehensive molecular profile of tumors. On the other hand, integration with novel miniaturized platforms, engineered nanomaterials, as well as electrochemical detection has led to the development of low-cost and simple platforms suited for point-of-care applications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis, significance and potential role of four widely known biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA and exosomes) in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion of the inherent biological and technical challenges associated with currently available methods and the possible pathways to overcome these challenges. The recent advances in the application of a wide range of nanomaterials in detecting these biomarkers are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Snow A, Chen D, Lang JE. The current status of the clinical utility of liquid biopsies in cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:1031-1041. [PMID: 31482746 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1664290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liquid biopsies have attracted considerable attention as potential diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and screening assays in oncology. The term liquid biopsies include circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood. While many liquid biopsy technologies are under active investigation, relatively few liquid biopsy assays have been proven to serve as a diagnostic surrogate for biopsies of metastatic disease as predictive biomarkers to guide the selection of therapy in the clinic. Areas covered: The objective of this review is to highlight the status of liquid biopsies in solid tumors in the oncology literature with attention to proven utility as diagnostic surrogates for macrometastases. Expert opinion: Carefully designed clinical-translational studies are needed to establish the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of liquid biopsy biomarkers in oncology. Investigators must fully consider relevant pre-analytical variables, assay sensitivity, bioinformatics considerations as well as the clinical utility of rare event profiling in the context of the normal blood background. Future liquid biopsy research should address the concern that not all DNA mutations are expressed and should provide the means to discover potential therapeutic targets in metastatic patients via a minimally invasive blood draw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anson Snow
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Denaly Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Julie E Lang
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goodsaid FM. The Labyrinth of Product Development and Regulatory Approvals in Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:431-439. [PMID: 31162800 PMCID: PMC6742934 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of chemistries and instrument platforms for next‐generation sequencing has led to sequencing of genomic variants in both tumor biopsies as well as in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell‐free DNA liquid biopsies. The transition of these analytical platforms into clinical ones has led to challenges in product development as well as regulatory strategies for the approval of diagnostic products with these platforms. Regulatory strategies for liquid biopsy diagnostics depend on a framework that has been developed over the past few years by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This framework includes both guidances that cover enrichment biomarkers and companion diagnostics, as well as regulatory approval precedents, which can be used to design regulatory strategies for new liquid biopsy diagnostic products. However, the regulatory paths for these liquid biopsy diagnostics can also be tortuous, as is the example of CTC—platform liquid biopsies. The ultimate success of regulatory pathways of liquid biopsy diagnostics has been driven by the incremental value of FDA approval for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)‐developed tests and by the inherent complexity of these diagnostics, which are practical barriers for the widespread replication of these tests throughout CLIA laboratories. The framework for FDA approval of sequence information from these liquid biopsies has been focused on single‐site approvals of diagnostics where sequencing information is considered at different diagnostic risk levels, ranging from novel or follow‐on companion diagnostics to variant calls in genomic targets considered independently valuable for therapeutic decision making.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kozminsky M, Fouladdel S, Chung J, Wang Y, Smith DC, Alva A, Azizi E, Morgan T, Nagrath S. Detection of CTC Clusters and a Dedifferentiated RNA-Expression Survival Signature in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801254. [PMID: 30693182 PMCID: PMC6343066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rates of progression and treatment response in advanced prostate cancer are highly variable, necessitating non-invasive methods to assess the molecular characteristics of these tumors in real time. The unique potential of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to serve as a clinically useful liquid biomarker is due to their ability to inform via both enumeration and RNA expression. A microfluidic graphene oxide-based device (GO Chip) is used to isolate CTCs and CTC clusters from the whole blood of 41 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Additionally, the expression of 96 genes of interest is determined by RT-qPCR. Multivariate analyses are conducted to determine the genes most closely associated with overall survival, PSA progression, and radioclinical progression. A preliminary signature, comprising high expression of stemness genes and low expression of epithelial and mesenchymal genes, potentially implicates an undifferentiated CTC phenotype as a marker of poor prognosis in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Kozminsky
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Michigan2300 Hayward StreetAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Translational Oncology ProgramUniversity of Michigan1600 Huron PkwyAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of Michigan2800 Plymouth RoadAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Shamileh Fouladdel
- Translational Oncology ProgramUniversity of Michigan1600 Huron PkwyAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of Michigan2800 Plymouth RoadAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Jae‐Seung Chung
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - David C. Smith
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ajjai Alva
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ebrahim Azizi
- Translational Oncology ProgramUniversity of Michigan1600 Huron PkwyAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of Michigan2800 Plymouth RoadAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Todd Morgan
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Michigan1500 E. Medical Center DriveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Michigan2300 Hayward StreetAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Translational Oncology ProgramUniversity of Michigan1600 Huron PkwyAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of Michigan2800 Plymouth RoadAnn ArborMI48109USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pantel K, Hille C, Scher HI. Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer: From Discovery to Clinical Utility. Clin Chem 2019; 65:87-99. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer represents the most common non–skin cancer type in men. Unmet needs include understanding prognosis to determine when intervention is needed and what type, prediction to guide the choice of a systemic therapy, and response indicators to determine whether a treatment is working. Over the past decade, the “liquid biopsy,” characterized by the analysis of tumor cells and tumor cell products such as cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, microRNA) or extracellular vesicles circulating in the blood of cancer patients, has received considerable attention.
CONTENT
Among those biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been most intensively analyzed in prostate cancer. Here we discuss recent studies on the enumeration and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood and how this information can be used to develop biomarkers for each of these clinical contexts. We focus on clinical applications in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, in whom CTCs are more often detected and at higher numbers, and clinical validation for different contexts of use is most mature.
SUMMARY
The overall goal of CTC-based liquid biopsy testing is to better inform medical decision-making so that patient outcomes are improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hille
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thompson JC, Fan R, Black T, Yu GH, Savitch SL, Chien A, Yee SS, Sen M, Hwang WT, Katz SI, Feldman M, Vachani A, Carpenter EL. Measurement and immunophenotyping of pleural fluid EpCAM-positive cells and clusters for the management of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2018; 127:25-33. [PMID: 30642547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with important staging and prognostic information. Patients with MPEs are often candidates for advanced therapies, however, the current gold standard, cytological analysis of pleural fluid samples, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasive enumeration and immunophenotyping of EpCAM-positive cells in pleural fluid samples for the diagnosis of a MPE in NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pleural fluid specimens were prospectively collected from patients with NSCLC and the CellSearch® technology was utilized for the enumeration of pleural EpCAM-positive cells (PECs) and determination of PD-L1 expression on PECs from pleural fluid samples. The diagnostic performance of the enumeration of single PECs and PEC clusters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of PECs and PEC clusters on overall survival (OS). RESULTS 101 NSCLC patients were enrolled. The median number of PECs was significantly greater in the malignant (n = 84) versus non-malignant group (n = 17) (730 PECs/mL vs 1.0 PEC/mL, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.91. A cutoff value of 105 PECs/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 100% for the diagnosis of a MPE, respectively. Among 69 patients with a pathology-confirmed MPE and tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, 15 (22%) had greater than 50% PD-L1+ PECs. Overall concordance between tissue and PEC PD-L1 expression was 76%. Higher numbers of pleural effusion single PECs were associated with inferior overall survival (Cox adjusted HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.02-3.05 p = 0.043). CONCLUSION Non-invasive measurement of PECs in NSCLC patients, using an automated, clinically available approach, may improve the diagnostic accuracy of a MPE, allow for immunophenotyping of PECs, and provide prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Ryan Fan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taylor Black
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gordon H Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samantha L Savitch
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Austin Chien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Moen Sen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sharyn I Katz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anil Vachani
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ng SP, Bahig H, Wang J, Cardenas CE, Lucci A, Hall CS, Meas S, Sarli VN, Yuan Y, Urbauer DL, Ding Y, Ikner S, Dinh V, Elgohari BA, Johnson JM, Skinner HD, Gunn GB, Garden AS, Phan J, Rosenthal DI, Morrison WH, Frank SJ, Hutcheson KA, Mohamed ASR, Lai SY, Ferrarotto R, MacManus MP, Fuller CD. Predicting treatment Response based on Dual assessment of magnetic resonance Imaging kinetics and Circulating Tumor cells in patients with Head and Neck cancer (PREDICT-HN): matching 'liquid biopsy' and quantitative tumor modeling. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:903. [PMID: 30231854 PMCID: PMC6148797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved capacity to visualize tumor and soft tissue involvement in head and neck cancers. Using advanced MRI, we can interrogate cell density using diffusion weighted imaging, a quantitative imaging that can be used during radiotherapy, when diffuse inflammatory reaction precludes PET imaging, and can assist with target delineation as well. Correlation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) measurements with 3D quantitative tumor characterization could potentially allow selective, patient-specific response-adapted escalation or de-escalation of local therapy, and improve the therapeutic ratio, curing the greatest number of patients with the least toxicity. Methods The proposed study is designed as a prospective observational study and will collect pretreatment CT, MRI and PET/CT images, weekly serial MR imaging during RT and post treatment CT, MRI and PET/CT images. In addition, blood sample will be collected for biomarker analysis at those time intervals. CTC assessments will be performed on the CellSave tube using the FDA-approved CellSearch® Circulating Tumor Cell Kit (Janssen Diagnostics), and plasma from the EDTA blood samples will be collected, labeled with a de-identifying number, and stored at − 80 °C for future analyses. Discussion The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the prognostic value and correlation of weekly tumor response kinetics (gross tumor volume and MR signal changes) and circulating tumor cells of mucosal head and neck cancers during radiation therapy using MRI in predicting treatment response and clinical outcomes. This study will provide landmark information as to the utility of CTCs (‘liquid biopsy) and tumor-specific functional quantitative imaging changes during treatment to guide personalization of treatment for future patients. Combining the biological information from CTCs and the structural information from MRI may provide more information than either modality alone. In addition, this study could potentially allow us to determine the optimal time to obtain MR imaging and/ or CTCs during radiotherapy to assess tumor response and provide guidance for patient selection and stratification for future dose escalation or de-escalation strategies. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03491176). Date of registration: 9th April 2018. (retrospectively registered). Date of enrolment of the first participant: 30th May 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweet Ping Ng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Houda Bahig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos E Cardenas
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn S Hall
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salyna Meas
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa N Sarli
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana L Urbauer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shane Ikner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vi Dinh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Baher A Elgohari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason M Johnson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - G Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adam S Garden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jack Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David I Rosenthal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William H Morrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katherine A Hutcheson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdallah S R Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clifton D Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vilhav C, Engström C, Naredi P, Novotny A, Bourghardt-Fagman J, Iresjö BM, Asting AG, Lundholm K. Fractional uptake of circulating tumor cells into liver-lung compartments during curative resection of periampullary cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6331-6338. [PMID: 30405768 PMCID: PMC6202519 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are able to predict outcome in patients with breast, colon and prostate cancer and appear to be promising biomarkers of pancreatic carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate a statistically significant portal-arterial difference of CTCs during curative resection of periampullary cancer. A commercially available instrument (IsofluxR) was used to quantify blood content of CTC in 10 patients with periampullary cancer according to preoperative diagnostics. Portal and arterial blood samples (~8 ml each) were simultaneously collected intra-operatively following surgical dissection prior to division of the pancreas for tumor removal. Quantitative CTC analyses were performed according to standardized protocols for immune-magnetic enrichment of CTC. Flow cytometry was applied for qualitative evaluations of various CTC markers in 7 patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of CTCs collected in the portal blood [58±14 cells per 100 ml; mean ± standard error (SE)] vs. arterial blood [24±7 cells per 100 ml (SE), P<0.025]. A fractional uptake of ≥40% across liver and lung compartments of assumed malignant CTC was estimated to correspond to the appearance of ~410 tumor cells per minute during pancreatic resections based on estimated hepatic blood flow, measured tumor cell mass and tumor cell proliferation activity. Complications in the collection of portal blood were not observed. A significant uptake across liver or lung compartments of potentially malignant tumor CTCs from periampullary carcinoma may represent a model to capture, define and characterize cell clones with metastatic potential in liver and lung tissues following surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vilhav
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engström
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Ann Novotny
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt-Fagman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Annika G Asting
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang J, Dong HY, Zhou Y, Han LY, Zhang T, Lin M, Wang C, Xu H, Wu ZS, Jia L. Immunomagnetic antibody plus aptamer pseudo-DNA nanocatenane followed by rolling circle amplication for highly-sensitive CTC detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 122:239-246. [PMID: 30267982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosensing and detecting the rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in complex blood samples are a great challenge but necessary for cancer metastasis prevention. Here we show a novel highly-sensitive biosensing system for detecting CTCs in whole blood. The system is composed of Her2-coated immunomagnetic beads and an anti-EpCAM aptamer assembled pseudo-DNA nanocatenane (PDN) for dual targeting and separating CTCs, in conjunction with the rolling circle amplification (RCA) and molecular beacon (MB) system for CTCs signal amplification. The Her-2-coated beads separated CTCs from blood after their elution from a magnetic column. The unique PDN, which is a tailor-designed self-assembly of three circular DNAs that are inter-locked with independent and non-interfered templates for periodic RCA process, binds EpCAM-rich CTCs. In the presence of the RCA primer, phi29 DNA polymerase and MB, the system collaboratively generated the amplified fluorescent signals for highly-sensitive detection of CTCs. Through this system, we achieved the limit of detection less than 10 CTCs/mL blood, and quantified the number of CTCs in patient blood, which is proportional to the patient cancer status. Our technique is highly-sensitive, practicable and convenient enough for clinical detection of breast CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Hai-Yan Dong
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Long-Yu Han
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Min Lin
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Chiahung Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Huo Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ou H, Huang Y, Xiang L, Chen Z, Fang Y, Lin Y, Cui Z, Yu S, Li X, Yang D. Circulating Tumor Cell Phenotype Indicates Poor Survival and Recurrence After Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2373-2380. [PMID: 29926241 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumors cells (CTCs) may be a promising prognostic marker for patients with malignant tumors. However, there are few reports regarding its value for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. AIMS To investigate CTCs with epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC patients. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 165 HCC patients before radical surgery. CTCs were isolated via the CanPatrol CTC enrichment technique and classified using epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. The relationship of CTC phenotype with clinicopathological factors and HCC recurrence in patients was analyzed. RESULTS CTC-positive status (count ≥ 2/5 mL) was found in 70.9% of the 165 HCC patients. Increased CTC number was more common in patients with higher AFP levels, multiple tumors, advanced TNM and BCLC staging, and presence of embolus or microembolus (P < 0.05). CTCs heterogeneity was noted using EMT markers. Mesenchymal CTCs were significantly correlated with high AFP levels, multiple tumors, advanced TNM and BCLC stage, presence of embolus or microembolus, and earlier recurrence (P < 0.05). The presence of mesenchymal CTCs predicted the shortest relapse-free survival, followed by mixed phenotypic CTCs, and then epithelial CTCs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CTC phenotype may serve as a prognostic indicator for HCC patients. CTCs assessment should include phenotypic identification tailored to characterize cells based on epithelial and mesenchymal markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huohui Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Leyang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhanjun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinghao Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhonglin Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The Interplay between Circulating Tumor Cells and the Immune System: From Immune Escape to Cancer Immunotherapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8030059. [PMID: 30200242 PMCID: PMC6164896 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have aroused increasing interest not only in mechanistic studies of metastasis, but also for translational applications, such as patient monitoring, treatment choice, and treatment change due to tumor resistance. In this review, we will assess the state of the art about the study of the interactions between CTCs and the immune system. We intend to analyze the impact that the cells of the immune system have in limiting or promoting the metastatic capability of CTCs. To this purpose, we will examine studies that correlate CTCs, immune cells, and patient prognosis, and we will also discuss relevant animal models that have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms of immune-mediated metastasis. We will then consider some studies in which CTCs seem to play a promising role in monitoring cancer patients during immunotherapy regimens. We believe that, from an accurate and profound knowledge of the interactions between CTCs and the immune system, new immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer might emerge in the future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jalón Monzón A, Alvarez Múgica M, Jalón Monzón M, Escaf Barmadah S. [What primary care physicians should know about new markers in prostate cancer]. Semergen 2018; 44:430-438. [PMID: 30049576 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of prostate-specific antigen as a diagnostic tool in the screening of prostate cancer is reflected in an increase in the incidence, an increase in diagnosis at initial stages, and an increase in radical therapies, even at the expense of over-treatment in some cases. It is known from the data collected in the literature that not every patient with high prostate-specific antigen needs a biopsy, and that not every patient diagnosed with prostate cancer needs treatment. With the new emerging prostate markers, we will try to improve the specificity of prostate-specific antigen in the grey area (4-10 ng/ml) should be improved. This should avoid unnecessary biopsies. The sensitivity in the detection of significant prostate cancer with low prostate-specific antigen should also be improved in an attempt to reduce the risk of over-treatment. On the other hand, prognostic biomarkers with genomic tests will help to choose the best therapeutic option for the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jalón Monzón
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo (Asturias), España.
| | - M Alvarez Múgica
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Valle del Nalón, Langreo (Asturias), España
| | | | - S Escaf Barmadah
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo (Asturias), España
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kolostova K, Rzechonek A, Schützner J, Grill R, Lischke R, Hladik P, Simonek J, Bobek V. Circulating Tumor Cells as an Auxiliary Diagnostic Tool in Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1197-1202. [PMID: 29102946 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood (PB) is associated with a relative shorter overall survival in cancer patients. The clinical utility of CTC diagnostics is changing: from prognostic test to an assay predicting therapy response, enabling the right choice of therapy and monitoring the effect of administered therapy. We present two case reports of patients with suspicion of lung and pancreatic cancer, without obtainable preoperative biopsy for histological verification. The focus of the presented study was not to deliver a complete tumor tissue classification to the surgeon, but to answer the question if there is malignant disease or not. The results are based on CTC presence and characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A size-based separation method for viable CTC enrichment from anticoagulated PB was used. The separated cells were cytomorphologically examined using vital fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, to confirm the epithelial origin of the cells on the separation membrane, CTC gene expression analysis was performed. RESULTS CTCs were successfully enriched and cultured in vitro in both tested samples. The epithelial character of the captured cells was confirmed by quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis for a set of tumor-associated genes. CONCLUSION Detection of cancer cells in PB (liquid biopsy) and their molecular characterization could significantly help complete the tumor diagnostic process in a time-efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kolostova
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Schützner
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Grill
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hladik
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Simonek
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Bobek
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk's Hospital in Ustinad Labem, Labem, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Singhal U, Wang Y, Henderson J, Niknafs YS, Qiao Y, Gursky A, Zaslavsky A, Chung JS, Smith DC, Karnes RJ, Chang SL, Feng FY, Palapattu GS, Taichman RS, Chinnaiyan AM, Tomlins SA, Morgan TM. Multigene Profiling of CTCs in mCRPC Identifies a Clinically Relevant Prognostic Signature. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:643-654. [PMID: 29453313 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The trend toward precision-based therapeutic approaches dictated by molecular alterations offers substantial promise for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, current approaches for molecular characterization are primarily tissue based, necessitating serial biopsies to understand changes over time and are limited by the challenges inherent to extracting genomic material from predominantly bone metastases. Therefore, a circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based assay was developed to determine gene expression across a panel of clinically relevant and potentially actionable prostate cancer-related genes. CTCs were isolated from the whole blood of mCRPC patients (n = 41) and multiplex qPCR was performed to evaluate expression of prostate cancer-related target genes (n = 78). A large fraction of patients (27/41, 66%) had detectable CTCs. Increased androgen receptor (AR) expression (70% of samples) and evidence of Wnt signaling (67% of samples) were observed. The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion was expressed in 41% of samples, and the aggressive prostate cancer-associated long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 was upregulated in 70%. WNT5a [HR 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63-8.05, P = 0.002], AURKA (HR 5.56, 95% CI, 1.79-17.20, P = 0.003), and BMP7 (HR 3.86, 95% CI, 1.60-9.32, P = 0.003) were independently predictive of overall survival (FDR < 10%) after adjusting for a panel of previously established prognostic variables in mCRPC (Halabi nomogram). A model including Halabi, WNT5a, and AURKA expression, termed the miCTC score, outperformed the Halabi nomogram alone (AUC = 0.89 vs. AUC = 0.70). Understanding the molecular landscape of CTCs has utility in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with aggressive prostate cancer and provides an additional tool in the arsenal of precision-based therapeutic approaches in oncology.Implications: Analysis of CTC gene expression reveals a clinically prognostic "liquid biopsy" signature in patients with metastatic castrate-resistance prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 643-54. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udit Singhal
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James Henderson
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy Gursky
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jae-Seung Chung
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Urology, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - David C Smith
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - S Laura Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ganesh S Palapattu
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Prekovic S, Van den Broeck T, Moris L, Smeets E, Claessens F, Joniau S, Helsen C, Attard G. Treatment-induced changes in the androgen receptor axis: Liquid biopsies as diagnostic/prognostic tools for prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:56-63. [PMID: 28882555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer progression and treatment relapse is associated with changes in the androgen receptor axis, and analysis of alternations of androgen receptor signaling is valuable for prognostics and treatment optimization. The profile of androgen receptor axis is currently obtained from biopsy specimens, which are not always easy to obtain. Moreover, the information acquired only provides a snapshot of the tumor biology, with strict spatial and temporal limitations. On the other hand, circulation is easily accessible source of both circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA, which can be sampled at numerous time points. This Review will explore the potential use of androgen receptor axis alternations detectable in the blood in therapeutic decision-making and precision medicine for advancing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Prekovic
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - T Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - L Moris
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - C Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Attard
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang H, Stoecklein NH, Lin PP, Gires O. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells: diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in motion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1884-1912. [PMID: 27683128 PMCID: PMC5352105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood with the gold standard CellSearchTM has proven prognostic value for tumor recurrence and progression of metastatic disease. Therefore, the further molecular characterization of isolated CTCs might have clinical relevance as liquid biopsy for therapeutic decision-making and to monitor disease progression. The direct analysis of systemic cancer appears particularly important in view of the known disparity in expression of therapeutic targets as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based heterogeneity between primary and systemic tumor cells, which all substantially complicate monitoring and therapeutic targeting at present. Since CTCs are the potential precursor cells of metastasis, their in-depth molecular profiling should also provide a useful resource for target discovery. The present review will discuss the use of systemically spread cancer cells as liquid biopsy and focus on potential target antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors, Helmholtz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shen MY, Chen JF, Luo CH, Lee S, Li CH, Yang YL, Tsai YH, Ho BC, Bao LR, Lee TJ, Jan YJ, Zhu YZ, Cheng S, Feng FY, Chen P, Hou S, Agopian V, Hsiao YS, Tseng HR, Posadas EM, Yu HH. Glycan Stimulation Enables Purification of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells on PEDOT NanoVelcro Chips for RNA Biomarker Detection. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201700701. [PMID: 28892262 PMCID: PMC5803304 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A glycan-stimulated and poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)s (PEDOT)-based nanomaterial platform is fabricated to purify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This new platform, phenylboronic acid (PBA)-grafted PEDOT NanoVelcro, combines the 3D PEDOT nanosubstrate, which greatly enhances CTC capturing efficiency, with a poly(EDOT-PBA-co-EDOT-EG3) interfacial layer, which not only provides high specificity for CTC capture upon antibody conjugation but also enables competitive binding of sorbitol to gently release the captured cells. CTCs purified by this PEDOT NanoVelcro chip provide well-preserved RNA transcripts for the analysis of the expression level of several PCa-specific RNA biomarkers, which may provide clinical insights into the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yuan Shen
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Luo
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ling Yang
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Tsai
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Ho
- Department of Material Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Rong Bao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Tien-Jung Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Yu Jen Jan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Ya-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Shirley Cheng
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shuang Hou
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vatche Agopian
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Material Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jan YJ, Chen JF, Zhu Y, Lu YT, Chen SH, Chung H, Smalley M, Huang YW, Dong J, Chen LC, Yu HH, Tomlinson JS, Hou S, Agopian VG, Posadas EM, Tseng HR. NanoVelcro rare-cell assays for detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:78-93. [PMID: 29551650 PMCID: PMC5993593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shredded from either a primary tumor or a metastatic site and circulate in the blood as the potential cellular origin of metastasis. By detecting and analyzing CTCs, we will be able to noninvasively monitor disease progression in individual cancer patients and obtain insightful information for assessing disease status, thus realizing the concept of "tumor liquid biopsy". However, it is technically challenging to identify CTCs in patient blood samples because of the extremely low abundance of CTCs among a large number of hematologic cells. In order to address this challenge, our research team at UCLA pioneered a unique concept of "NanoVelcro" cell-affinity substrates, in which CTC capture agent-coated nanostructured substrates were utilized to immobilize CTCs with remarkable efficiency. Four generations of NanoVelcro CTC assays have been developed over the past decade for a variety of clinical utilities. The 1st-gen NanoVelcro Chips, composed of a silicon nanowire substrate (SiNS) and an overlaid microfluidic chaotic mixer, were created for CTC enumeration. The 2nd-gen NanoVelcro Chips (i.e., NanoVelcro-LMD), based on polymer nanosubstrates, were developed for single-CTC isolation in conjunction with the use of the laser microdissection (LMD) technique. By grafting thermoresponsive polymer brushes onto SiNS, the 3rd-gen Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro Chips have demonstrated the capture and release of CTCs at 37 and 4 °C respectively, thereby allowing for rapid CTC purification while maintaining cell viability and molecular integrity. Fabricated with boronic acid-grafted conducting polymer-based nanomaterial on chip surface, the 4th-gen NanoVelcro Chips (Sweet chip) were able to purify CTCs with well-preserved RNA transcripts, which could be used for downstream analysis of several cancer specific RNA biomarkers. In this review article, we will summarize the development of the four generations of NanoVelcro CTC assays, and the clinical applications of each generation of devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jen Jan
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Tsung Lu
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Szu Hao Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard Chung
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; CytoLumina Technologies Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Huang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; CytoLumina Technologies Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiantong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Pancreatic Disease, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Greater Los Angeles Veteran's Affairs Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vatche G Agopian
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The majority of cancer-related deaths result from metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape the primary tumor site and enter into the blood circulation in order to disseminate to secondary locations throughout the body. Tumor cells found within the circulation are referred to as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and their detection and enumeration correlate with poor prognosis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that imparts epithelial cells with mesenchymal-like properties, thus facilitating tumor cell dissemination and contributing to metastasis. However, EMT also results in the downregulation of various epithelial proteins typically utilized by CTC technologies for enrichment and detection of these rare cells, resulting in reduced detection of some CTCs, potentially those with a more metastatic phenotype. In addition to the current clinical role of CTCs as a prognostic biomarker, they also have potential as a predictive biomarker via CTC characterization. However, CTC characterization is complicated by the unknown biological significance of CTCs possessing an EMT-like phenotype, and the ability to capture and understand this CTC subpopulation is an essential step in the utilization of CTCs for patient management. This chapter will review the process of EMT and its contribution to metastasis; discusses current and future clinical applications of CTCs; and describes both traditional and novel methods for CTC enrichment, detection, and characterization with a specific focus on CTCs with an EMT phenotype.
Collapse
|