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Castaneyra-Ruiz L, Ledbetter J, Lee S, Rangel A, Torres E, Romero B, Muhonen M. Intraventricular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces hydrocephalus in a dose-dependent pattern. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27295. [PMID: 38486744 PMCID: PMC10937698 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a widely utilized solvent in the medical industry, has been associated with various adverse effects, even at low concentrations, including damage to mitochondrial integrity, altered membrane potentials, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Notably, therapeutic molecules for central nervous system treatments, such as embolic agents or some chemotherapy drugs that are dissolved in DMSO, have been associated with hydrocephalus as a secondary complication. Our study investigated the potential adverse effects of DMSO on the brain, specifically focusing on the development of hydrocephalus and the effect on astrocytes. Methods Varied concentrations of DMSO were intraventricularly injected into 3-day-old mice, and astrocyte cultures were exposed to similar concentrations of DMSO. After 14 days of injection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to quantify the brain ventricular volumes in mice. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to delineate DMSO-dependent effects in the brain. Additionally, astrocyte cultures were utilized to assess astrocyte viability and the effects of cellular apoptosis. Results Our findings revealed a dose-dependent induction of ventriculomegaly in mice with 2%, 10%, and 100% DMSO injections (p < 0.001). The ciliated cells of the ventricles were also proportionally affected by DMSO concentration (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, cultured astrocytes exhibited increased apoptosis after DMSO exposure (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study establishes that intraventricular administration of DMSO induces hydrocephalus in a dose-dependent manner. This observation sheds light on a potential explanation for the occurrence of hydrocephalus as a secondary complication in intracranial treatments utilizing DMSO as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seunghyun Lee
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Anthony Rangel
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Evelyn Torres
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Bianca Romero
- Neurosurgery Department at CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael Muhonen
- Neurosurgery Department at CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
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2
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Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Shen N, Jiang J, Xue Y, Jiang R. Characterization of orthotopic xenograft tumor of glioma stem cells (GSCs) on MRI, PET and immunohistochemical staining. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1085015. [PMID: 36591483 PMCID: PMC9797975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The orthotopic xenograft tumors of human glioma stem cells (GSCs) is a recent glioma model with genotype and phenotypic characteristics close to human gliomas. This study aimed to explore the imaging and immunohistochemical characteristics of GSCs gliomas. Methods The rats underwent MRI and 18F-FDG PET scan in 6th-8th weeks after GSCs implantation. The MRI morphologic, DWI and PET features of the tumor lesions were assessed. In addition, the immunohistochemical features of the tumor tissues were further analyzed. Results Twenty-five tumor lesions were identified in 20 tumor-bearing rats. On structural MRI, the average tumor size was 30.04±17.31mm2, and the intensity was inhomogeneous in 76.00% (19/25) of the lesions. The proportion of the lesions mainly presented as solid, cystic and patchy tumor were 60.00% (15/25), 16.00% (4/25) and 24.00% (6/25), respectively. The boundary was unclear in 88.00% (22/25), and peritumoral mass effect was observed in 92.00% (23/25) of the lesions. On DWI, 80.00% (20/25) of the lesions showed increased intensity. Of the 14 lesions in the 11 rats underwent PET scan, 57.14% (8/14) showed increased FDG uptake. On immunohistochemical staining, the expression of Ki-67 was strong in all the lesions (51.67%±11.82%). Positive EGFR and VEGF expression were observed in 64.71% (11/17) and 52.94% (9/17) of the rats, whereas MGMT and HIF-1α showed negative expression in all the lesions. Discussion GSC gliomas showed significant heterogeneity and invasiveness on imaging, and exhibited strong expression of Ki-67, partial expression of EGFR and VEGF, and weak expression of MGMT and HIF-1α on immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nanxi Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rifeng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Rifeng Jiang,
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Haddad AF, Young JS, Amara D, Berger MS, Raleigh DR, Aghi MK, Butowski NA. Mouse models of glioblastoma for the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab100. [PMID: 34466804 PMCID: PMC8403483 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite an aggressive standard of care that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and ionizing radiation. Mouse models have advanced our understanding of GBM biology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for GBM patients. However, model selection is crucial when testing developmental therapeutics, and each mouse model of GBM has unique advantages and disadvantages that can influence the validity and translatability of experimental results. To shed light on this process, we discuss the strengths and limitations of 3 types of mouse GBM models in this review: syngeneic models, genetically engineered mouse models, and xenograft models, including traditional xenograft cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Haddad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dominic Amara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Corresponding Author: Nicholas A. Butowski, MD, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave Eighth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA ()
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Tan J, Sun W, Lu L, Xiao Z, Wei H, Shi W, Wang Y, Han S, Shuai X. I6P7 peptide modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging detection of low-grade brain gliomas. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6139-6147. [PMID: 31553351 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, the most severe primary brain malignancy, has very low survival rates and a high level of recurrence. Nowadays, conventional treatments for these patients are suffering a similar plight owing to the distinctive features of the malignant gliomas, for example chemotherapy is limited by the blood-brain barrier while surgery and radiation therapy are affected by the unclear boundaries of tumor from normal tissue. In the present study, a novel superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoprobe for enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was developed. A frequently used MRI probe, SPIO nanoparticles, was coated with a silica outer layer and for the first time was covalently modified with interleukin-6 receptor targeting peptides (I6P7) to promote transportation through the blood-brain barrier and recognition of low-grade gliomas. The efficiency of transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier was examined in vitro using a transwell invasion model and in vivo in nude mice with orthotopic low-grade gliomas. The targeting nanoprobe showed significant MRI enhancement and has potential for use in the diagnosis of low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Tan
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Increased intratumoral infiltration in IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas observed with diffusion tensor imaging. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:257-263. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kumari S, Bhattacharya D, Rangaraj N, Chakarvarty S, Kondapi AK, Rao NM. Aurora kinase B siRNA-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles potentiate the efficacy of temozolomide in treating glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2579-2596. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the efficacy of lactoferrin nanoparticles (LfNPs) in delivering siRNA across the blood–brain barrier to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and with an additional objective of potentiation of conventional temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Methods: Aurora kinase B (AKB) siRNA-loaded nanoparticles (AKB–LfNPs) were prepared with milk protein, lactoferrin, by water in oil emulsion method. AKB–LfNPs were tested in cell lines and in GBM orthotopic mouse model with and without TMZ treatment. Results: AKB silencing, cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest by these LfNPs were shown to be effective on GL261 cells. Tumor growth was significantly lower in AKB–LfNPs alone and in combination with TMZ treated mice and increased the survival by 2.5-times. Conclusion: Treatment of AKB–LfNPs to GBM mice improves life expectancy and has potential to combine with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India
| | - Nandini Rangaraj
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Sumana Chakarvarty
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Anand K Kondapi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Nalam M Rao
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India
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Apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis for prediction of prognosis in glioblastoma. J Neuroradiol 2017; 45:236-241. [PMID: 29274693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the potential to predict prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients by analysis of the broader and lower values in the lower distribution of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCL) (B&L-ADCL) values in the ADC histogram. BACKGROUND Presurgical publicly available diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images from 76 GBM patients were analyzed. With applied 2-mixture normal distribution in the ADC histogram of enhanced lesions on T1-weighted images, the mean and width of ADCL were analyzed. We dichotomized the lower mean of ADCL (L-ADCL) and the broader width of ADCL (B-ADCL) at their own average. B&L-ADCL was defined as B-ADCL with L-ADCL. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by using Cox proportional hazards analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. The difference between PFS and OS was calculated. RESULTS Six (7.89%) patients had B&L-ADCL values. B&L-ADCL was strongly associated with poor PFS (hazard risk: 5.747; P=0.002) and OS (hazard risk: 3.331; P=0.018). There were significant differences in PFS (median, 77 vs. 302 days; P<0.001) and OS (median, 199 vs. 472 days; P=0.004) between the patents with and without B&L-ADCL. There was no significant difference in the OS-PFS duration difference between the patients with (median, 79 days) and without B&L-ADCL (median, 132 days) (P=0.348). CONCLUSION In this study, B&L-ADCL from pretreatment ADC analysis predicted poor PFS. B&L-ADCL may indicate higher cellularity and heterogeneity in GBM tumor tissue.
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8
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Yang ZZ, Gao W, Liu YJ, Pang N, Qi XR. Delivering siRNA and Chemotherapeutic Molecules Across BBB and BTB for Intracranial Glioblastoma Therapy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-zhen Yang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-jie Liu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Pang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian-rong Qi
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Targeting Protein Kinase CK2: Evaluating CX-4945 Potential for GL261 Glioblastoma Therapy in Immunocompetent Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10010024. [PMID: 28208677 PMCID: PMC5374428 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) causes poor survival in patients even with aggressive treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard chemotherapeutic choice for GBM treatment but resistance always ensues. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) contributes to tumour development and proliferation in cancer, and it is overexpressed in human GBM. Accordingly, targeting CK2 in GBM may benefit patients. Our goal has been to evaluate whether CK2 inhibitors (iCK2s) could increase survival in an immunocompetent preclinical GBM model. Cultured GL261 cells were treated with different iCK2s including CX-4945, and target effects evaluated in vitro. CX-4945 was found to decrease CK2 activity and Akt(S129) phosphorylation in GL261 cells. Longitudinal in vivo studies with CX-4945 alone or in combination with TMZ were performed in tumour-bearing mice. Increase in survival (p < 0.05) was found with combined CX-4945 and TMZ metronomic treatment (54.7 ± 11.9 days, n = 6) when compared to individual metronomic treatments (CX-4945: 24.5 ± 2.0 and TMZ: 38.7 ± 2.7, n = 6) and controls (22.5 ± 1.2, n = 6). Despite this, CX-4945 did not improve mice outcome when administered on every/alternate days, either alone or in combination with 3-cycle TMZ. The highest survival rate was obtained with the metronomic combined TMZ+CX-4945 every 6 days, pointing to the participation of the immune system or other ancillary mechanism in therapy response.
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10
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Evaluation of Concurrent Radiation, Temozolomide and ABT-888 Treatment Followed by Maintenance Therapy with Temozolomide and ABT-888 in a Genetically Engineered Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Neoplasia 2016; 18:82-9. [PMID: 26936394 PMCID: PMC5005260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of ionizing radiation (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ), outcome for glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains dismal. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is important in repair pathways for IR-induced DNA damage and TMZ-induced alkylation at N7-methylguanine and N3-methyldenine. However, optimized protocols for administration of PARP inhibitors have not been delineated. In this study, the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 was evaluated in combination with and compared to current standard-of-care in a genetically engineered mouse GBM model. Results demonstrated that concomitant TMZ/IR/ABT-888 with adjuvant TMZ/ABT-888 was more effective in inducing apoptosis and reducing proliferation with significant tumor growth delay and improved overall survival over concomitant TMZ/IR with adjuvant TMZ. Diffusion-weighted MRI, an early translatable response biomarker detected changes in tumors reflecting response at 1 day post TMZ/IR/ABT-888 treatment. This study provides strong scientific rationale for the development of an optimized dosing regimen for a PARP inhibitor with TMZ/IR for upfront treatment of GBM.
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11
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Integrative analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI and genomic data to inform treatment of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:289-300. [PMID: 27393347 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling from glioblastoma (GBM) patients enables characterization of cancer into subtypes that can be predictive of response to therapy. An integrative analysis of imaging and gene expression data can potentially be used to obtain novel biomarkers that are closely associated with the genetic subtype and gene signatures and thus provide a noninvasive approach to stratify GBM patients. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the expression of 12,042 genes for 558 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Among these patients, 50 patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies including diffusion weighted (DW) MRI in The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). We identified the contrast enhancing region of the tumors using the pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted MRI images and computed the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histograms from the DW-MRI images. Using the gene expression data, we classified patients into four molecular subtypes, determined the number and composition of genes modules using the gap statistic, and computed gene signature scores. We used logistic regression to find significant predictors of GBM subtypes. We compared the predictors for different subtypes using Mann-Whitney U tests. We assessed detection power using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We computed Spearman correlations to determine the associations between ADC and each of the gene signatures. We performed gene enrichment analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We adjusted all p values using the Benjamini and Hochberg method. The mean ADC was a significant predictor for the neural subtype. Neural tumors had a significantly lower mean ADC compared to non-neural tumors ([Formula: see text]), with mean ADC of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for neural and non-neural tumors, respectively. Mean ADC showed an area under the ROC of 0.75 for detecting neural tumors. We found eight gene modules in the GBM cohort. The mean ADC was significantly correlated with the gene signature related with dendritic cell maturation ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Mean ADC could be used as a biomarker of a gene signature associated with dendritic cell maturation and to assist in identifying patients with neural GBMs, known to be resistant to aggressive standard of care.
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Gevertz JL. Microenvironment-Mediated Modeling of Tumor Response to Vascular-Targeting Drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 936:191-208. [PMID: 27739049 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42023-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-associated microvasculature is one of the key elements of the microenvironment that helps shape, and is shaped by, tumor progression. Given the important role of the vasculature in tumor progression, and the fact that tumor and normal vasculature are physiologically and molecularly distinct, much effort has gone into the development of vascular-targeting drugs that in theory should target tumors without significant risk to normal tissue. In this chapter, a multiscale hybrid mathematical model of tumor-vascular interactions is presented to provide a theoretical basis for assessing tumor response to vascular-targeting drugs. Model performance is calibrated to quantitative clinical data on tumor response to angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs), preclinical data on response to a cytotoxic chemotherapy, and qualitative preclinical data on response to vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). The calibrated model is then used to explore two questions of clinical interest. First, the hypothesis that AIs and VDAs are complementary treatments, rather than redundant, is explored. The model predicts a minimal increase in antitumor activity as a result of adding a VDA to an AI treatment regimen, and in fact at times the combination can exert less antitumor activity than stand-alone AI treatment. Second, the question of identifying an optimal dosing strategy for treating with an AI and a cytotoxic agent is addressed. Using a stochastic optimization scheme, an intermittent schedule for both chemotherapy and AI administration is identified that can eradicate the simulated tumors. We propose that this schedule may have increased clinical antitumor activity compared to currently used treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Gevertz
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA.
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13
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Tumor location, but not H3.3K27M, significantly influences the blood-brain-barrier permeability in a genetic mouse model of pediatric high-grade glioma. J Neurooncol 2015; 126:243-51. [PMID: 26511492 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) occur with strikingly different frequencies in infratentorial and supratentorial regions. Although histologically these malignancies appear similar, they represent distinct diseases. Recent genomic studies have identified histone K27M H3.3/H3.1 mutations in the majority of brainstem pHGGs; these mutations are rarely encountered in pHGGs that arise in the cerebral cortex. Previous research in brainstem pHGGs suggests a restricted permeability of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). In this work, we use dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to evaluate BBB permeability in a genetic mouse model of pHGG as a function of location (cortex vs. brainstem, n = 8 mice/group) and histone mutation (mutant H3.3K27M vs. wild-type H3.3, n = 8 mice/group). The pHGG models are induced either in the brainstem or the cerebral cortex and are driven by PDGF signaling and p53 loss with either H3.3K27M or wild-type H3.3. T2-weighted MRI was used to determine tumor location/extent followed by 4D DCE-MRI for estimating the rate constant (K (trans) ) for tracer exchange across the barrier. BBB permeability was 67 % higher in cortical pHGGs relative to brainstem pHGGs (t test, p = 0.012) but was not significantly affected by the expression of mutant H3.3K27M versus wild-type H3.3 (t-test, p = 0.78). Although mice became symptomatic at approximately the same time, the mean volume of cortical tumors was 3.6 times higher than the mean volume of brainstem tumors. The difference between the mean volume of gliomas with wild-type and mutant H3.3 was insignificant. Mean K (trans) was significantly correlated to glioma volume. These results present a possible explanation for the poor response of brainstem pHGGs to systemic therapy. Our findings illustrate a potential role played by the microenvironment in shaping tumor growth and BBB permeability.
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14
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Shiroishi MS, Boxerman JL, Pope WB. Physiologic MRI for assessment of response to therapy and prognosis in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:467-78. [PMID: 26364321 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from bidimensional measurements from conventional contrast-enhanced MRI, there are no validated or FDA-qualified imaging biomarkers for high-grade gliomas. However, advanced functional MRI techniques, including perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI, have demonstrated much potential for determining prognosis, predicting therapeutic response, and assessing early treatment response. They may also prove useful for differentiating pseudoprogression from true progression after temozolomide chemoradiation and pseudoresponse from true response after anti-angiogenic therapy. This review will highlight recent developments using these techniques and emphasize the need for technical standardization and validation in prospective studies in order for these methods to become incorporated into standard-of-care imaging for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Shiroishi
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (M.S.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.B.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (W.B.P.)
| | - Jerrold L Boxerman
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (M.S.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.B.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (W.B.P.)
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (M.S.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.B.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (W.B.P.)
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15
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de Gooijer MC, Zhang P, Thota N, Mayayo-Peralta I, Buil LCM, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein restrict the brain penetration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:1012-9. [PMID: 26123925 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Palbociclib is a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor with nanomolar potency and was recently approved for treatment of breast cancer. The drug may also be useful in glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), which often have an activated CDK4/6-retinoblastoma signaling pathway. However, GBM and DIPG spread widely into the surrounding brain, which calls for a CDK4/6 inhibitor with sufficient blood-brain barrier penetration. METHODS We first performed in vitro transwell assays and demonstrate that palbociclib is a substrate of both P-gp and BCRP. Next, we conducted pharmacokinetic studies using wildtype, Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/b(-/-) and Abcg2; Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. RESULTS The plasma levels were about 3000 and 500 nM and similar in all genotypes at 1 and 4 h after i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg. At 4 h the brain-to-plasma ratios were 0.3 in WT and Abcg2(-/-) mice versus 5.5 and 15 in Abcb1a/b(-/-) and Abcg2; Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice, respectively. The oral bioavailability of palbociclib was high (63 %) in WT mice and increased only modestly and non-significantly in Abcg2; Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. The plasma level after oral dosing of 150 mg/kg was already much higher than observed in patients (200-400 nM) and exceeded 2500 nM for up to 24 h. This latter dose is commonly used in preclinical studies, which calls into question their predictive value as they were conducted at dose levels causing a clinically non-relevant systemic drug exposure. CONCLUSION Thus, the brain penetration of palbociclib is restricted by P-gp and BCRP, which may restrict the efficacy against GBM and DIPG. Moreover, preclinical studies with this agent should be conducted at a more clinically relevant dose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C de Gooijer
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, 250012, Jinan, People's Republic China
| | - Nishita Thota
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Mayayo-Peralta
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute /Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Drug Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Galbán CJ, Ma B, Malyarenko D, Pickles MD, Heist K, Henry NL, Schott AF, Neal CH, Hylton NM, Rehemtulla A, Johnson TD, Meyer CR, Chenevert TL, Turnbull LW, Ross BD. Multi-site clinical evaluation of DW-MRI as a treatment response metric for breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122151. [PMID: 25816249 PMCID: PMC4376686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MR) as a response metric for assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with primary breast cancer using prospective multi-center trials which provided MR scans along with clinical outcome information. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 39 patients with locally advanced breast cancer accrued from three different prospective clinical trials underwent DW-MR examination prior to and at 3-7 days (Hull University), 8-11 days (University of Michigan) and 35 days (NeoCOMICE) post-treatment initiation. Thirteen patients, 12 of which participated in treatment response study, from UM underwent short interval (<1hr) MRI examinations, referred to as "test-retest" for examination of repeatability. To further evaluate stability in ADC measurements, a thermally controlled diffusion phantom was used to assess repeatability of diffusion measurements. MRI sequences included contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, when appropriate, and DW images acquired at b-values of 0 and 800 s/mm2. Histogram analysis and a voxel-based analytical technique, the Parametric Response Map (PRM), were used to derive diffusion response metrics for assessment of treatment response prediction. RESULTS Mean tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values generated from patient test-retest examinations were found to be very reproducible (|ΔADC|<0.1x10-3mm2/s). This data was used to calculate the 95% CI from the linear fit of tumor voxel ADC pairs of co-registered examinations (±0.45x10-3mm2/s) for PRM analysis of treatment response. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the PRM metric to be predictive of outcome at the 8-11 (AUC = 0.964, p = 0.01) and 35 day (AUC = 0.770, p = 0.05) time points (p<.05) while whole-tumor ADC changes where significant at the later 35 day time interval (AUC = 0.825, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing a prospective analysis of DW-MRI as a predictive biomarker of NAC in breast cancer patients. In addition, we provide experimental evidence supporting the use of sensitive analytical tools, such as PRM, for evaluating ADC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Galbán
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bing Ma
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dariya Malyarenko
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Martin D. Pickles
- Centre for MR Investigations, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Heist
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Norah L. Henry
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anne F. Schott
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colleen H. Neal
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nola M. Hylton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Johnson
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Meyer
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Chenevert
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lindsay W. Turnbull
- Centre for MR Investigations, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Ross
- Departments of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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PET, MRI, and simultaneous PET/MRI in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for glioma. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:306-17. [PMID: 25448762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumour, resulting in death often within 1-2 years. Current treatment strategies involve surgical resection followed by chemoradiation therapy. Despite continuing improvements in the delivery of adjuvant therapies, there has not been a dramatic increase in survival for glioma. Molecular imaging techniques have become central in the development of new therapeutic strategies in recent years. The multimodal imaging technology of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has recently been realised on a preclinical scale and the effect of this technology is starting to be observed in preclinical drug development for glioma. Here, we propose that PET/MRI will play an integral part in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for glioma.
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Delgado-Goñi T, Julià-Sapé M, Candiota AP, Pumarola M, Arús C. Molecular imaging coupled to pattern recognition distinguishes response to temozolomide in preclinical glioblastoma. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1333-1345. [PMID: 25208348 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of response to treatment of glioblastoma (GB) is nowadays carried out using MRI. MRS and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) constitute promising tools for this undertaking. A temozolomide (TMZ) protocol was optimized for GL261 GB. Sixty-three mice were studied by MRI/MRS/MRSI. The spectroscopic information was used for the classification of control brain and untreated and responding GB, and validated against post-mortem immunostainings in selected animals. A classification system was developed, based on the MRSI-sampled metabolome of normal brain parenchyma, untreated and responding GB, with a 93% accuracy. Classification of an independent test set yielded a balanced error rate of 6% or less. Classifications correlated well both with tumor volume changes detected by MRI after two TMZ cycles and with the histopathological data: a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the proliferation and mitotic rates and a 4.6-fold increase in the apoptotic rate. A surrogate response biomarker based on the linear combination of 12 spectral features has been found in the MRS/MRSI pattern of treated tumors, allowing the non-invasive classification of growing and responding GL261 GB. The methodology described can be applied to preclinical treatment efficacy studies to test new antitumoral drugs, and begets translational potential for early response detection in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Delgado-Goñi
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
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Lazovic J, Guo L, Nakashima J, Mirsadraei L, Yong W, Kim HJ, Ellingson B, Wu H, Pope WB. Nitroxoline induces apoptosis and slows glioma growth in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:53-62. [PMID: 25074541 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroxoline is an FDA-approved antibiotic with potential antitumor activity. Here we evaluated whether nitroxoline has antiproliferative properties on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo using glioma cell lines and a genetically engineered PTEN/KRAS mouse glioma model. METHODS The effect of nitroxoline treatment on U87 and/or U251 glioma cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, invasion, and ability to induce an apoptotic cascade was determined in vitro. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure glioma volumes in genetically engineered PTEN/KRAS mice prior to and after nitroxoline therapy. Induction of apoptosis by nitroxoline was evaluated at the end of treatment using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS Nitroxoline inhibited the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. Growth inhibition was associated with cell-cycle arrest in G1/G0 phase and induction of apoptosis via caspase 3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In vivo, nitroxoline-treated mice had no increase in tumor volume after 14 days of treatment, whereas tumor volumes doubled in control mice. Histological examination revealed 15%-20% TUNEL-positive cells in nitroxoline-treated mice, compared with ∼5% in the control group. CONCLUSION Nitroxoline induces apoptosis and inhibits glioma growth in vivo and in vitro. As an already FDA-approved treatment for urinary tract infections with a known safety profile, nitroxoline could move quickly into clinical trials pending confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lazovic
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Lea Guo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Jonathan Nakashima
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Leili Mirsadraei
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - William Yong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Hyun J Kim
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Benjamin Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (J.L., L.G., H.J.K., B.E., W.B.P.); Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.N., H.W.); Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California (L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.Y.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (H.J.K.)
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Fan Y, Potdar AA, Gong Y, Eswarappa SM, Donnola S, Lathia JD, Hambardzumyan D, Rich JN, Fox PL. Profilin-1 phosphorylation directs angiocrine expression and glioblastoma progression through HIF-1α accumulation. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:445-56. [PMID: 24747440 PMCID: PMC4036069 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumour vascular microenvironment supports tumorigenesis not only by supplying oxygen and diffusible nutrients but also by secreting soluble factors that promote tumorigenesis. Here we identify a feedforward mechanism in which endothelial cells (ECs), in response to tumour-derived mediators, release angiocrines driving aberrant vascularization and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression through a hypoxia-independent induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Phosphorylation of profilin-1 (Pfn-1) at Tyr 129 in ECs induces binding to the tumour suppressor protein von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), and prevents VHL-mediated degradation of prolyl-hydroxylated HIF-1α, culminating in HIF-1α accumulation even in normoxia. Elevated HIF-1α induces expression of multiple angiogenic factors, leading to vascular abnormality and tumour progression. In a genetic model of GBM, mice with an EC-specific defect in Pfn-1 phosphorylation exhibit reduced tumour angiogenesis, normalized vasculature and improved survival. Moreover, EC-specific Pfn-1 phosphorylation is associated with tumour aggressiveness in human glioma. These findings suggest that targeting Pfn-1 phosphorylation may offer a selective strategy for therapeutic intervention of malignant solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Alka A. Potdar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Sandeepa M. Eswarappa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
| | - Shannon Donnola
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
| | - Paul L. Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44195
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Molecular imaging in the development of a novel treatment paradigm for glioblastoma (GBM): an integrated multidisciplinary commentary. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1052-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kim B, Yang J, Hwang M, Choi J, Kim HO, Jang E, Lee JH, Ryu SH, Suh JS, Huh YM, Haam S. Aptamer-modified magnetic nanoprobe for molecular MR imaging of VEGFR2 on angiogenic vasculature. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:399. [PMID: 24066922 PMCID: PMC3849016 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based aptamers have been developed for the specific delivery of diagnostic nanoprobes. Here, we introduce a new class of smart imaging nanoprobe, which is based on hybridization of a magnetic nanocrystal with a specific aptamer for specific detection of the angiogenic vasculature of glioblastoma via magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The magnetic nanocrystal imaging core was synthesized using the thermal decomposition method and enveloped by carboxyl polysorbate 80 for water solubilization and conjugation of the targeting moiety. Subsequently, the surface of the carboxylated magnetic nanocrystal was modified with amine-functionalized aptamers that specifically bind to the vascular growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) that is overexpressed on angiogenic vessels. To assess the targeted imaging potential of the aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanocrystal for VEGFR2 markers, the magnetic properties and MR imaging sensitivity were investigated using the orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model. In in vivo tests, the aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanocrystal effectively targeted VEGFR2 and demonstrated excellent MR imaging sensitivity with no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjune Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeonghwan Hwang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Lee
- POSTECH Aptamer Initiative Program, Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Ryu
- POSTECH Aptamer Initiative Program, Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suck Suh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Delgado-Goñi T, Martín-Sitjar J, Simões RV, Acosta M, Lope-Piedrafita S, Arús C. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a potential contrast agent for brain tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:173-184. [PMID: 22814967 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in preclinical studies of animal models of high-grade glioma as a solvent for chemotherapeutic agents. A strong DMSO signal was detected by single-voxel MRS in the brain of three C57BL/6 control mice during a pilot study of DMSO tolerance after intragastric administration. This led us to investigate the accumulation and wash-out kinetics of DMSO in both normal brain parenchyma (n=3 control mice) by single-voxel MRS, and in 12 GL261 glioblastomas (GBMs) by single-voxel MRS (n=3) and MRSI (n=9). DMSO accumulated differently in each tissue type, reaching its highest concentration in tumors: 6.18 ± 0.85 µmol/g water, 1.5-fold higher than in control mouse brain (p<0.05). A faster wash-out was detected in normal brain parenchyma with respect to GBM tissue: half-lives of 2.06 ± 0.58 and 4.57 ± 1.15 h, respectively. MRSI maps of time-course DMSO changes revealed clear hotspots of differential spatial accumulation in GL261 tumors. Additional MRSI studies with four mice bearing oligodendrogliomas (ODs) revealed similar results as in GBM tumors. The lack of T(1) contrast enhancement post-gadolinium (gadopentetate dimeglumine, Gd-DTPA) in control mouse brain and mice with ODs suggested that DMSO was fully able to cross the intact blood-brain barrier in both normal brain parenchyma and in low-grade tumors. Our results indicate a potential role for DMSO as a contrast agent for brain tumor detection, even in those tumors 'invisible' to standard gadolinium-enhanced MRI, and possibly for monitoring heterogeneities associated with progression or with therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Delgado-Goñi
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Unitat de Biociències, Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Moore LM, Holmes KM, Fuller GN, Zhang W. Oncogene interactions are required for glioma development and progression as revealed by a tissue specific transgenic mouse model. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:163-72. [PMID: 21352693 PMCID: PMC4013312 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive and invasive nature of brain tumors has hampered progress in the design and implementation of efficacious therapies. The recent success of targeted therapies in other tumor types makes this an attractive area for research yet complicating matters is the ability of brain tumors to circumvent the targeted pathways to develop drug resistance. Effective therapies will likely need to target more than one signaling pathway or target multiple nodes within a given pathway. Key to identifying these targets is the elucidation of the driver and passenger molecules within these pathways. Animal models provide a useful tool with many advantages in the study of these pathways. These models provide a means to dissect the critical components of tumorigenesis, as well as serve as agents for preclinical testing. This review focuses on the use of the RCAS/tv-a mouse model of brain tumors and describes their unique ability to provide insight into the role of Oncogene cooperation in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette M Moore
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Neural precursor cells induce cell death of high-grade astrocytomas through stimulation of TRPV1. Nat Med 2012; 18:1232-8. [PMID: 22820645 PMCID: PMC3480991 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary astrocytomas of World Health Organization grade 3 and grade 4 (HG-astrocytomas) are preponderant among adults and are almost invariably fatal despite multimodal therapy. Here, we show that the juvenile brain has an endogenous defense mechanism against HG-astrocytomas. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) migrate to HG-astrocytomas, reduce glioma expansion and prolong survival by releasing a group of fatty acid ethanolamides that have agonistic activity on the vanilloid receptor (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member-1; TRPV1). TRPV1 expression is higher in HG-astrocytomas than in tumor-free brain and TRPV1 stimulation triggers tumor cell death via the activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) controlled branch of the ER stress pathway. The anti-tumorigenic response of NPCs is lost with aging. NPC-mediated tumor suppression can be mimicked in the adult brain by systemic administration of the synthetic vanilloid Arvanil, suggesting that TRPV1 agonists hold potential as new HG-astrocytoma therapeutics.
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Galbán S, Lemasson B, Williams TM, Li F, Heist KA, Johnson TD, Leopold JS, Chenevert TL, Lawrence TS, Rehemtulla A, Mikkelsen T, Holland EC, Galbán CJ, Ross BD. DW-MRI as a biomarker to compare therapeutic outcomes in radiotherapy regimens incorporating temozolomide or gemcitabine in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35857. [PMID: 22536446 PMCID: PMC3334987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the radiosensitizer gemcitabine (GEM) was evaluated in a mouse glioma along with the imaging biomarker diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for early detection of treatment effects. A genetically engineered murine GBM model [Ink4a-Arf−/− PtenloxP/loxP/Ntv-a RCAS/PDGF(+)/Cre(+)] was treated with gemcitabine (GEM), temozolomide (TMZ) +/− ionizing radiation (IR). Therapeutic efficacy was quantified by contrast-enhanced MRI and DW-MRI for growth rate and tumor cellularity, respectively. Mice treated with GEM, TMZ and radiation showed a significant reduction in growth rates as early as three days post-treatment initiation. Both combination treatments (GEM/IR and TMZ/IR) resulted in improved survival over single therapies. Tumor diffusion values increased prior to detectable changes in tumor volume growth rates following administration of therapies. Concomitant GEM/IR and TMZ/IR was active and well tolerated in this GBM model and similarly prolonged median survival of tumor bearing mice. DW-MRI provided early changes to radiosensitization treatment warranting evaluation of this imaging biomarker in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Galbán
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Lemasson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin A. Heist
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Leopold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Chenevert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Theodore S. Lawrence
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Holland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Neurosurgery, and Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Craig J. Galbán
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Ross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Borges AR, Lopez-Larrubia P, Marques JB, Cerdan SG. MR imaging features of high-grade gliomas in murine models: how they compare with human disease, reflect tumor biology, and play a role in preclinical trials. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:24-36. [PMID: 22194368 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Murine models are the most commonly used and best investigated among the animal models of HGG. They constitute an important weapon in the development and testing of new anticancer drugs and have long been used in preclinical trials. Neuroimaging methods, particularly MR imaging, offer important advantages for the evaluation of treatment response: shorter and more reliable treatment end points and insight on tumor biology and physiology through the use of functional imaging DWI, PWI, BOLD, and MR spectroscopy. This functional information has been progressively consolidated as a surrogate marker of tumor biology and genetics and may play a pivotal role in the assessment of specifically targeted drugs, both in clinical and preclinical trials. The purpose of this Research Perspectives was to compile, summarize, and critically assess the available information on the neuroimaging features of different murine models of HGGs, and explain how these correlate with human disease and reflect tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Borges
- Radiology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Liu S, Yu H, Kumar SM, Martin JS, Bing Z, Sheng W, Bosenberg M, Xu X. Norcantharidin induces melanoma cell apoptosis through activation of TR3 dependent pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:1005-14. [PMID: 22123174 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.11.18380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Norcantharidin (NCTD) has been reported to induce tumor cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism behinds its antitumor effect remains elusive. We have previously shown that TR3 expression is significantly decreased in metastatic melanomas and involved in melanoma cell apoptosis. In this study, we showed that NCTD inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose related manner. NCTD induced translocation of TR3 from nucleus to mitochondria where it co-localized with Bcl-2 in melanoma cells. NCTD also increased cytochome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 along with decreased expression of Bcl2 and NF-κB2. The effects of NCTD were inhibited by knockdown of TR3 expression using TR3 specific shRNA in melanoma cells. Furthermore, NCTD significantly decreased tumor volume and improved survival of Tyr::CreER; BRAF(Ca/+); Pten(lox/lox) transgenic mice. Our data indicates that NCTD inhibits melanoma growth by inducing tumor cell apoptosis via activation of a TR3 dependent pathway. These results suggest that NCTD is a potential therapeutic agent for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade gliomas are among the most deadly of all cancer types and are also the most common malignant primary tumors of the CNS. Large-scale studies that have analyzed the transcriptional and translational expression patterns of glioma have found that the majority of these tumors can be categorized based on specific genomic anomalies. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that represent the molecular subgroups of the human disease harbor a variety of molecular alterations that have been proven to drive gliomagenesis. These models provide an opportunity to assess the effects of novel therapies in the presence of specific molecular defects. Research using GEMMs, which are associated with these subclasses, allow researchers to assess drug efficacy by subclass. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the histological and molecular characteristics of malignant gliomas, the therapies used to treat them and the animal models that closely recapitulate them. EXPERT OPINION It is likely that GEMMs that recapitulate the molecular character of human tumors will provide a more accurate prediction of individuals who may be more or less likely to benefit from specific therapies. This knowledge can be then used to drive clinical trial design and this, in turn, could lead to better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terreia S Jones
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Department of Clinical Pharmacy , 19 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN, 39103 , USA +901 448 1136 ; +901 448 6064 ;
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Caysa H, Metz H, Mäder K, Mueller T. Application of Benchtop-magnetic resonance imaging in a nude mouse tumor model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:69. [PMID: 21777437 PMCID: PMC3158420 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background MRI plays a key role in the preclinical development of new drugs, diagnostics and their delivery systems. However, very high installation and running costs of existing superconducting MRI machines limit the spread of MRI. The new method of Benchtop-MRI (BT-MRI) has the potential to overcome this limitation due to much lower installation and almost no running costs. However, due to the low field strength and decreased magnet homogeneity it is questionable, whether BT-MRI can achieve sufficient image quality to provide useful information for preclinical in vivo studies. It was the aim of the current study to explore the potential of BT-MRI on tumor models in mice. Methods We used a prototype of an in vivo BT-MRI apparatus to visualise organs and tumors and to analyse tumor progression in nude mouse xenograft models of human testicular germ cell tumor and colon carcinoma. Results Subcutaneous xenografts were easily identified as relative hypointense areas in transaxial slices of NMR images. Monitoring of tumor progression evaluated by pixel extension analyses based on NMR images correlated with increasing tumor volume calculated by calliper measurement. Gd-BOPTA contrast agent injection resulted in a better differentiation between parts of the urinary tissues and organs due to fast elimination of the agent via kidneys. In addition, interior structuring of tumors could be observed. A strong contrast enhancement within a tumor was associated with a central necrotic/fibrotic area. Conclusions BT-MRI provides satisfactory image quality to visualize organs and tumors and to monitor tumor progression and structure in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Caysa
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Genetically engineered mouse models of diffuse gliomas. Brain Res Bull 2011; 88:72-9. [PMID: 21684324 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, genetically engineered mouse models have been extensively used to dissect the genetic requirements for neoplastic initiation and progression of diffuse gliomas. While these models faithfully recapitulate the histopathological features of human gliomas, comparative genomic analyses are increasingly being utilized to comprehensively assess their fidelity to recently identified molecular subtypes of these tumors. Future progress with these models will rely on incorporating insights not only from oncogenomics studies of cancer, but also from the developmental neuroscience and stem cell biology fields to design accurate and experimentally tractable models for use in translational cancer research, particularly for experimental therapeutics studies of molecularly defined subtypes of gliomas.
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Computational modeling of tumor response to vascular-targeting therapies--part I: validation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2011; 2011:830515. [PMID: 21461361 PMCID: PMC3065055 DOI: 10.1155/2011/830515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling techniques have been widely employed to understand how cancer
grows, and, more recently, such approaches have been used to understand how cancer can
be controlled. In this manuscript, a previously validated hybrid cellular automaton model
of tumor growth in a vascularized environment is used to study the antitumor activity
of several vascular-targeting compounds of known efficacy. In particular, this model is used
to test the antitumor activity of a clinically used angiogenesis inhibitor (both in isolation,
and with a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic) and a vascular disrupting agent currently undergoing
clinical trial testing. I demonstrate that the mathematical model can make predictions in
agreement with preclinical/clinical data and can also be used to gain more insight into these
treatment protocols. The results presented herein suggest that vascular-targeting agents, as
currently administered, cannot lead to cancer eradication, although a highly efficacious agent
may lead to long-term cancer control.
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Hambardzumyan D, Parada LF, Holland EC, Charest A. Genetic modeling of gliomas in mice: new tools to tackle old problems. Glia 2011; 59:1155-68. [PMID: 21305617 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recently published comprehensive profiles of genomic alterations in glioma have led to a refinement in our understanding of the molecular events that underlie this cancer. Using state-of-the-art genomic tools, several laboratories have created and characterized accurate genetically engineered mouse models of glioma based on specific genetic alterations observed in human tumors. These in vivo brain tumor models faithfully recapitulate the histopathology, etiology, and biology of gliomas and provide an exceptional experimental system to discover novel therapeutic targets and test therapeutic agents. This review focuses on mouse models of glioma with a special emphasis on genetically engineered models developed around key genetic glioma signature mutations in the PDGFR, EGFR, and NF1 genes and pathways. The resulting animal models have provided insight into many fundamental and mechanistic facets of tumor initiation, maintenance and resistance to therapeutic intervention and will continue to do so in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA.
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Pitter KL, Galbán CJ, Galbán S, Saeed-Tehrani O, Li F, Charles N, Bradbury MS, Becher OJ, Chenevert TL, Rehemtulla A, Ross BD, Holland EC, Hambardzumyan D. Perifosine and CCI 779 co-operate to induce cell death and decrease proliferation in PTEN-intact and PTEN-deficient PDGF-driven murine glioblastoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14545. [PMID: 21267448 PMCID: PMC3022633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) activity is deregulated in human GBM due to amplification and rearrangement of the PDGFR-alpha gene locus or overexpression of the PDGF ligand, resulting in the activation of downstream kinases such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Aberrant PDGFR signaling is observed in approximately 25-30% of human GBMs, which are frequently molecularly classified as the proneural subclass. It would be valuable to understand how PDGFR driven GBMs respond to Akt and mTOR inhibition. Methodology/Principal Findings Using genetically engineered PTEN-intact and PTEN-deficient PDGF-driven mouse models of GBM that closely mimic the histology and genetics of the human PDGF subgroup, we investigated the effect of inhibiting Akt and mTOR alone or in combination in vitro and in vivo. We used perifosine and CCI-779 to inhibit Akt and mTOR, respectively. Here, we show in vitro data demonstrating that the most effective inhibition of Akt and mTOR activity in both PTEN-intact and PTEN-null primary glioma cell cultures is obtained when using both inhibitors in combination. We next investigated if the effects we observed in culture could be duplicated in vivo by treating mice with gliomas for 5 days. The in vivo treatments with the combination of CCI-779 and perifosine resulted in decreased Akt and mTOR signaling, which correlated to decreased proliferation and increased cell death independent of PTEN status, as monitored by immunoblot analysis, histology and MRI. Conclusions/Significance These findings underline the importance of simultaneously targeting Akt and mTOR to achieve significant down-regulation of the PI3K pathway and support the rationale for testing the perifosine and CCI-779 combination in the human PDGF-subgroup of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Pitter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Craig J. Galbán
- Departments of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Galbán
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Omid Saeed-Tehrani
- Departments of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Fei Li
- Departments of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nikki Charles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle S. Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Oren J. Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Chenevert
- Departments of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Ross
- Departments of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ECH); (DH); (BDR)
| | - Eric C. Holland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ECH); (DH); (BDR)
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Lerner Research Institute at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ECH); (DH); (BDR)
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Characterization of a human tumorsphere glioma orthotopic model using magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurooncol 2011; 104:473-81. [PMID: 21240539 PMCID: PMC3161186 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice by which to monitor patient gliomas and treatment effects, and has been applied to murine models of glioma. However, a major obstacle to the development of effective glioma therapeutics has been that widely used animal models of glioma have not accurately recapitulated the morphological heterogeneity and invasive nature of this very lethal human cancer. This deficiency is being alleviated somewhat as more representative models are being developed, but there is still a clear need for relevant yet practical models that are well-characterized in terms of their MRI features. Hence we sought to chronicle the MRI profile of a recently developed, comparatively straightforward human tumor stem cell (hTSC) derived glioma model in mice using conventional MRI methods. This model reproduces the salient features of gliomas in humans, including florid neoangiogenesis and aggressive invasion of normal brain. Accordingly, the variable, invasive morphology of hTSC gliomas visualized on MRI duplicated that seen in patients, and it differed considerably from the widely used U87 glioma model that does not invade normal brain. After several weeks of tumor growth the hTSC model exhibited an MRI contrast enhancing phenotype having variable intensity and an irregular shape, which mimicked the heterogeneous appearance observed with human glioma patients. The MRI findings reported here support the use of the hTSC glioma xenograft model combined with MRI, as a test platform for assessing candidate therapeutics for glioma, and for developing novel MR methods.
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Colvin DC, Loveless ME, Does MD, Yue Z, Yankeelov TE, Gore JC. Earlier detection of tumor treatment response using magnetic resonance diffusion imaging with oscillating gradients. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 29:315-23. [PMID: 21190804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An improved method for detecting early changes in tumors in response to treatment, based on a modification of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, has been demonstrated in an animal model. Early detection of therapeutic response in tumors is important both clinically and in pre-clinical assessments of novel treatments. Noninvasive imaging methods that can detect and assess tumor response early in the course of treatment, and before frank changes in tumor morphology are evident, are of considerable interest as potential biomarkers of treatment efficacy. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive to changes in water diffusion rates in tissues that result from structural variations in the local cellular environment, but conventional methods mainly reflect changes in tissue cellularity and do not convey information specific to microstructural variations at sub-cellular scales. We implemented a modified imaging technique using oscillating gradients of the magnetic field for evaluating water diffusion rates over very short spatial scales that are more specific for detecting changes in intracellular structure that may precede changes in cellularity. Results from a study of orthotopic 9L gliomas in rat brains indicate that this method can detect changes as early as 24 h following treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, when conventional approaches do not find significant effects. These studies suggest that diffusion imaging using oscillating gradients may be used to obtain an earlier indication of treatment efficacy than previous magnetic resonance imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Colvin
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
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Utility of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Distinguishing Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma of Low and High Nuclear Grade. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195:W344-51. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.10.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Larocque MP, Syme A, Allalunis-Turner J, Fallone BG. ADC response to radiation therapy correlates with induced changes in radiosensitivity. Med Phys 2010; 37:3855-61. [PMID: 20831093 DOI: 10.1118/1.3456442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare the responses of human glioma tumor xenografts to a single fraction of radiation, where a change in radiosensitivity was induced by use of a suture-based ligature. METHODS Ischemia was induced by use of a suture-based ligature. Six mice were treated with 800 cGy of 200 kVp x rays while the ligature was applied. An additional six mice had the ligature applied for the same length of time but were not irradiated. Quantitative maps of each tumor were produced of water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transverse relaxation time (T2). Mice were imaged before and at multiple points after treatment. Volumetric, ADC, and T2 responses of the ligated groups were compared to previously measured responses of the same tumor model to the same radiation treatment, as well as those from an untreated control group. RESULTS Application of the ligature without irradiation did not affect tumor ADC values, but did produce a temporary decrease in tumor T2 values. Average tumor T2 was reduced by 6.2% 24 h after the ligature was applied. Average tumor ADC increased by 9.6% 7 days after irradiation with a ligature applied. This response was significantly less than that observed in the same tumor model when no ligature is present (21.8% at 7 days after irradiation). CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that the response of ADC to radiation therapy is not determined entirely by physical dose deposition, but at least in part by radiosensitivity and resultant biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Larocque
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Waerzeggers Y, Monfared P, Viel T, Winkeler A, Jacobs AH. Mouse models in neurological disorders: applications of non-invasive imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:819-39. [PMID: 20471478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques represent powerful tools to assess disease-specific cellular, biochemical and molecular processes non-invasively in vivo. Besides providing precise anatomical localisation and quantification, the most exciting advantage of non-invasive imaging techniques is the opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of disease-specific functional and molecular events longitudinally in intact living organisms, so called molecular imaging (MI). Combining neuroimaging technologies with in vivo models of neurological disorders provides unique opportunities to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of human neurological disorders. In this way, neuroimaging in mouse models of neurological disorders not only can be used for phenotyping specific diseases and monitoring disease progression but also plays an essential role in the development and evaluation of disease-specific treatment approaches. In this way MI is a key technology in translational research, helping to design improved disease models as well as experimental treatment protocols that may afterwards be implemented into clinical routine. The most widely used imaging modalities in animal models to assess in vivo anatomical, functional and molecular events are positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging (OI). Here, we review the application of neuroimaging in mouse models of neurodegeneration (Parkinson's disease, PD, and Alzheimer's disease, AD) and brain cancer (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Waerzeggers
- Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Yiin JJ, Hu B, Schornack PA, Sengar RS, Liu KW, Feng H, Lieberman FS, Chiou SH, Sarkaria JN, Wiener EC, Ma HI, Cheng SY. ZD6474, a multitargeted inhibitor for receptor tyrosine kinases, suppresses growth of gliomas expressing an epidermal growth factor receptor mutant, EGFRvIII, in the brain. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:929-41. [PMID: 20371720 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) vIII is a mutated EGFR that is frequently overexpressed in glioblastomas and implicated in response to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we investigate the effect of ZD6474 (ZACTIMA, vandetanib), a dual inhibitor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and EGFR on growth and angiogenesis of gliomas expressing EGFRvIII. We used two glioma xenograft models, U87MG cells overexpressing EGFRvIII and short-term cultured primary glioma GBM8 cells with EGFRvIII. ZD6474 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis and induced cell apoptosis in various brain gliomas. Moreover, significant inhibition of EGFRvIII-expressing U87MG and GBM8 gliomas was observed compared with their controls. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis using the apparent diffusion coefficient and three-dimensional T2*weighed measurements validated ZD6474 inhibition on tumor growth and angiogenesis in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM8 gliomas. Mechanistically, ZD6474 shows better inhibition of cell growth and survival of U87MG/EGFRvIII, GBM6, and GBM8 cells that express EGFRvIII than U87MG or GBM14 cells that have nondetectable EGFRvIII through attenuation of activated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Akt, and Bcl-X(L) expression. Albeit in lesser extent, ZD6474 also displays suppressions of U87MG/EGFR and GBM12 cells that overexpress wild-type EGFR. Additionally, ZD6474 inhibits activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in both types of cells, and expression of a constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinases partially rescued ZD6474 inhibition in U87MG/EGFRvIII cells. Taken together, these data show that ZD6474 significantly inhibited growth and angiogenesis of gliomas expressing EGFRvIII by specifically blocking EGFRvIII-activated signaling mediators, suggesting a potential application of ZD6474 in treatments for glioblastomas that overexpress EGFRvIII. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 929-41. (c)2010 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jean Yiin
- University of Pittsburgh, Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, HCCLB, 2.19, 5117 Centre Avenue; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Patru C, Romao L, Varlet P, Coulombel L, Raponi E, Cadusseau J, Renault-Mihara F, Thirant C, Leonard N, Berhneim A, Mihalescu-Maingot M, Haiech J, Bièche I, Moura-Neto V, Daumas-Duport C, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H. CD133, CD15/SSEA-1, CD34 or side populations do not resume tumor-initiating properties of long-term cultured cancer stem cells from human malignant glio-neuronal tumors. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:66. [PMID: 20181261 PMCID: PMC2841664 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor initiating cells (TICs) provide a new paradigm for developing original therapeutic strategies. Methods We screened for TICs in 47 human adult brain malignant tumors. Cells forming floating spheres in culture, and endowed with all of the features expected from tumor cells with stem-like properties were obtained from glioblastomas, medulloblastoma but not oligodendrogliomas. Results A long-term self-renewal capacity was particularly observed for cells of malignant glio-neuronal tumors (MGNTs). Cell sorting, karyotyping and proteomic analysis demonstrated cell stability throughout prolonged passages. Xenografts of fewer than 500 cells in Nude mouse brains induced a progressively growing tumor. CD133, CD15/LeX/Ssea-1, CD34 expressions, or exclusion of Hoechst dye occurred in subsets of cells forming spheres, but was not predictive of their capacity to form secondary spheres or tumors, or to resist high doses of temozolomide. Conclusions Our results further highlight the specificity of a subset of high-grade gliomas, MGNT. TICs derived from these tumors represent a new tool to screen for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Patru
- Glial Plasticity lab, Inserm UMR 894, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract
Advanced imaging provides insight into biophysical, physiologic, metabolic, or functional properties of tissues. Because water mobility is sensitive to cellular homeostasis, cellular density, and microstructural organization, it is considered a valuable tool in the advanced imaging arsenal. This article summarizes diffusion imaging concepts and highlights clinical applications of diffusion MR imaging for oncologic imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging and its derivative maps of diffusion anisotropy allow assessment of tumor compression or destruction of adjacent normal tissue anisotropy and may aid to assess tumor infiltration and aid presurgical planning.
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Larocque MP, Syme A, Yahya A, Wachowicz K, Allalunis-Turner J, Fallone BG. Monitoring T2 and ADC at 9.4 T following fractionated external beam radiation therapy in a mouse model. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:1381-93. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Breton E, Goetz C, Kintz J, Accart N, Aubertin G, Grellier B, Erbs P, Rooke R, Constantinesco A, Choquet P. In vivo preclinical low-field MRI monitoring of tumor growth following a suicide-gene therapy in an orthotopic mice model of human glioblastoma. C R Biol 2010; 333:220-5. [PMID: 20338540 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to monitor in vivo with low field MRI growth of a murine orthotopic glioma model following a suicide gene therapy. METHODS The gene therapy consisted in the stereotactic injection in the mice brain of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector encoding for a suicide gene (FCU1) that transforms a non toxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to its highly cytotoxic derivatives 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5'-fluorouridine-5'monophosphate (5'-FUMP). Using a warmed-up imaging cell, sequential 3D T1 and T2 0.1T MRI brain examinations were performed on 16 Swiss female nu/nu mice bearing orthotopic human glioblastoma (U87-MG cells). The 6-week in vivo MRI follow-up consisted in a weekly measurement of the intracerebral tumor volume leading to a total of 65 examinations. Mice were divided in four groups: sham group (n=4), sham group treated with 5-FC only (n=4), sham group with injection of MVA-FCU1 vector only (n=4), therapy group administered with MVA-FCU1 vector and 5-FC (n=4). Measurements of tumor volumes were obtained after manual segmentation of T1- and T2-weighted images. RESULTS Intra-observer and inter-observer tumor volume measurements show no significant differences. No differences were found between T1 and T2 volume tumor doubling times between the three sham groups. A significant statistical difference (p<0.05) in T1 and T2 volume tumor doubling times between the three sham groups and the animals treated with the intratumoral injection of MVA-FCU1 vector in combination with 2 weeks per os 5-FC administration was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Preclinical low field MRI was able to monitor efficacy of suicide gene therapy in delaying the tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model of orthotopic glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Breton
- Service de biophysique et médecine nucléaire, hôpital de Hautepierre, CHRU de Strasbourg, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
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Gerstner ER, Chen PJ, Wen PY, Jain RK, Batchelor TT, Sorensen G. Infiltrative patterns of glioblastoma spread detected via diffusion MRI after treatment with cediranib. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:466-72. [PMID: 20406897 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging in assessing tumor cell infiltration after treatment with the antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent, cediranib, we prospectively analyzed diffusion MRI scans from 30 patients participating in a Phase II trial of cediranib for recurrent glioblastoma. A patient-specific threshold was selected below which ADC values were determined to be abnormally low and suggestive of tumor. We determined the percent of low ADC in the FLAIR hyperintensity surrounding the enhancing tumor and then visualized the location of these low ADC voxels. The percent volume of the FLAIR hyperintensity comprised by low ADC increased significantly from baseline (2.3%) to day 28 (2.9%), day 56 (5.0%), and day 112 (6.3%) of treatment with cediranib suggesting increasing infiltrative tumor in some patients. Visualization of the location of the low ADC voxels suggested regions of tumor growth that were not visible on contrast-enhanced MRI. ADC maps can be used to suggest regions of infiltrative tumor cells with anti-VEGF therapy and should be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Gerstner
- Departments of Neurology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Bleau AM, Holland EC. Le traitement du gliome par les agents chimiothérapeutiques favorise la survie des cellules souches tumorales. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:775-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20092510775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jost SC, Hope A, Kiehl E, Perry A, Travers S, Garbow JR. A novel murine model for localized radiation necrosis and its characterization using advanced magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 75:527-33. [PMID: 19735877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a murine model of radiation necrosis using fractionated, subtotal cranial irradiation; and to investigate the imaging signature of radiation-induced tissue damage using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-four mice each received 60 Gy of hemispheric (left) irradiation in 10 equal fractions. Magnetic resonance images at 4.7 T were subsequently collected using T1-, T2-, and diffusion sequences at selected time points after irradiation. After imaging, animals were killed and their brains fixed for correlative histologic analysis. RESULTS Contrast-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at months 2, 3, and 4 showed changes consistent with progressive radiation necrosis. Quantitatively, mean diffusivity was significantly higher (mean = 0.86, 1.13, and 1.24 microm(2)/ms at 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively) in radiated brain, compared with contralateral untreated brain tissue (mean = 0.78, 0.82, and 0.83 microm(2)/ms) (p < 0.0001). Histology reflected changes typically seen in radiation necrosis. CONCLUSIONS This murine model of radiation necrosis will facilitate investigation of imaging biomarkers that distinguish between radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence. In addition, this preclinical study supports clinical data suggesting that diffusion-weighted imaging may be helpful in answering this diagnostic question in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Jost
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Larocque MP, Syme A, Yahya A, Wachowicz K, Allalunis-Turner J, Fallone BG. Temporal and dose dependence of T2 and ADC at 9.4 T in a mouse model following single fraction radiation therapy. Med Phys 2009; 36:2948-54. [PMID: 19673193 DOI: 10.1118/1.3147258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use magnetic resonance imaging to monitor the response of human glioma tumor xenografts to single fraction radiation therapy. Mice were divided into four treatment groups (n = 6 per group) that received 50, 200, 400, or 800 cGy of 200 kVp x rays. A fifth group (n = 6) received no radiation dose and served as the control. Quantitative maps of the treated tumor tissue were produced of water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transverse relaxation time (T2). Mice were imaged before and at multiple time points after treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in tumor growth relative to that of the control for all treatment groups. Only the highest dose group showed T2 values that were significantly different at all measured time points after treatment. In this group, there was an 8.3% increase in T2 relative to controls 2 days after treatment, but when measured 14 days after treatment, mean tumor T2 had dropped to 10.1% below the initial value. ADC showed statistically significant differences from the control at all dose points. A radiation dose dependence was observed. In the highest dose group, the fractional increases in ADC were higher than those observed for T2. ADC was sensitive to radiation-induced changes in lower dose groups that did not have significant T2 change. At all doses, elevation of mean tumor ADC preceded deviations in tumor growth from the control. These observations support the potential application of ADC as a time and dose sensitive marker of tumor response to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Larocque
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Jost SC, Collins L, Travers S, Piwnica-Worms D, Garbow JR. Measuring Brain Tumor Growth: Combined Bioluminescence Imaging–Magnetic Resonance Imaging Strategy. Mol Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2009.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-animal tumor models are essential for developing translational therapeutic strategies in oncology research, with imaging having an increasingly important role. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers tumor localization, volumetric measurement, and the potential for advanced physiologic imaging but is less well suited to high-throughput studies and has limited capacity to assess early tumor growth. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) identifies tumors early, monitors tumor growth, and efficiently measures response to therapeutic intervention. Generally, BLI signals have been found to correlate well with magnetic resonance measurements of tumor volume. However, in our studies of small-animal models of malignant brain tumors, we have observed specific instances in which BLI data do not correlate with corresponding MRIs. These observations led us to hypothesize that use of BLI and MRI together, rather than in isolation, would allow more effective and efficient measures of tumor growth in preclinical studies. Herein we describe combining BLI and MRI studies to characterize tumor growth in a mouse model of glioblastoma. The results led us to suggest a cost-effective, multimodality strategy for selecting cohorts of animals with similar tumor growth patterns that improves the accuracy of longitudinal in vivo measurements of tumor growth and treatment response in preclinical therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Jost
- From the Department of Neurosurgery; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and Department of Developmental Biology; Biomedical MR Laboratory, Department of Radiology; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Lynne Collins
- From the Department of Neurosurgery; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and Department of Developmental Biology; Biomedical MR Laboratory, Department of Radiology; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Sarah Travers
- From the Department of Neurosurgery; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and Department of Developmental Biology; Biomedical MR Laboratory, Department of Radiology; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- From the Department of Neurosurgery; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and Department of Developmental Biology; Biomedical MR Laboratory, Department of Radiology; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- From the Department of Neurosurgery; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and Department of Developmental Biology; Biomedical MR Laboratory, Department of Radiology; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the side population phenotype and ABCG2 activity in glioma tumor stem-like cells. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 4:226-35. [PMID: 19265662 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In normal brain, the side population (SP) phenotype is generated by ABC transporter activity and identifies stem cell and endothelial cell subpopulations by dye exclusion. By drug efflux, the ABCG2 transporter provides chemoresistance in stem cells and contributes to the blood brain barrier (BBB) when active in endothelial cells. We investigated the SP phenotype of mouse and human gliomas. In glioma endothelial cells, ABC transporter function is impaired, corresponding to disruption of the BBB in these tumors. By contrast, the SP phenotype is increased in nonendothelial cells that form neurospheres and are highly tumorigenic. In this cell population, Akt, but not its downstream target mTOR, regulates ABCG2 activity, and loss of PTEN increases the SP. This Akt-induced ABCG2 activation results from its transport to the plasma membrane. Temozolomide, the standard treatment of gliomas, although not an ABCG2 substrate, increases the SP in glioma cells, especially in cells missing PTEN.
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