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Tiersma JF, Evers B, Bakker BM, Reijngoud DJ, de Bruyn M, de Jong S, Jalving M. Targeting tumour metabolism in melanoma to enhance response to immune checkpoint inhibition: A balancing act. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102802. [PMID: 39029155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition has transformed the treatment landscape of advanced melanoma and long-term survival of patients is now possible. However, at least half of the patients do not benefit sufficiently. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells and may contribute to both tumour growth and immune evasion by the tumour. Preclinical studies have indeed demonstrated that modulating tumour metabolism can reduce tumour growth while improving the functionality of immune cells. Since metabolic pathways are commonly shared between immune and tumour cells, it is essential to understand how modulating tumour metabolism in patients influences the intricate balance of pro-and anti-tumour immune effects in the tumour microenvironment. The key question is whether modulating tumour metabolism can inhibit tumour cell growth as well as facilitate an anti-tumour immune response. Here, we review current knowledge on the effect of tumour metabolism on the immune response in melanoma. We summarise metabolic pathways in melanoma and non-cancerous cells in the tumour microenvironment and discuss models and techniques available to study the metabolic-immune interaction. Finally, we discuss clinical use of these techniques to improve our understanding of how metabolic interventions can tip the balance towards a favourable, immune permissive microenvironment in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Tiersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Evers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signalling, and Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signalling, and Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D J Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signalling, and Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M de Bruyn
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Qu B, Li X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Han Y, Hou G, Gao F. 68Ga labeled EphA2-targeted cyclic peptide: a novel positron imaging tracer for triple-negative breast cancer? Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7946-7952. [PMID: 38646723 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The absence of better biomarkers currently limits early diagnosis and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our previously published study reported that the cyclic-peptide SD01 exhibited specific binding to EphA2 (Ephrin type-A receptor 2) on TNBC. To develop a novel PET imaging agent, we prepared gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled-DOTA-SD01 and evaluated its specificity and effectiveness through micro PET/CT imaging in a TNBC-bearing mouse model. SD01 and a control linear peptide YSA were conjugated to DOTA and subsequently labeled with 68Ga, obtaining 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 and 68Ga-DOTA-YSA. Both showed high radiochemical purity, stability, good hydrophilicity, and high binding affinity to 4T1 cells. Micro PET/CT imaging showed high radioactivity accumulation in tumors; SUVmean (mean standardized uptake value) of tumors in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 was 3.34 ± 0.25 and 2.65 ± 0.32 in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-YSA; T/NT ratios (target to non-target, SUVmean ratios of tumor to muscle) were 3.12 ± 0.06 and 2.77 ± 0.11 at 30 min, respectively (p < 0.05). The biodistribution study showed that tumor uptake % ID per g (percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue) in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 was 2.73 ± 0.34, and 1.77 ± 0.38 in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-YSA; T/NT ratios (radioactivity of tumor to muscle) were 3.55 ± 0.12 and 3.05 ± 0.10 for both groups at 30 min, respectively (p < 0.05). All these suggest that 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 may act as a better novel PET imaging agent for EphA2 positive tumors, such as TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Xianjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yeming Han
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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3
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Das S, Dey MK, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 38202898 PMCID: PMC10780704 DOI: 10.3390/s24010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers are vital in healthcare as they provide valuable insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and personalized medicine. They serve as objective indicators, enabling early detection and intervention, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced costs. Biomarkers also guide treatment decisions by predicting disease outcomes and facilitating individualized treatment plans. They play a role in monitoring disease progression, adjusting treatments, and detecting early signs of recurrence. Furthermore, biomarkers enhance drug development and clinical trials by identifying suitable patients and accelerating the approval process. In this review paper, we described a variety of biomarkers applicable for cancer detection and diagnosis, such as imaging-based diagnosis (CT, SPECT, MRI, and PET), blood-based biomarkers (proteins, genes, mRNA, and peptides), cell imaging-based diagnosis (needle biopsy and CTC), tissue imaging-based diagnosis (IHC), and genetic-based biomarkers (RNAseq, scRNAseq, and spatial transcriptomics).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.D.); (M.K.D.); (R.D.)
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Granit Mizrahi A, Gugenheim A, Hamad H, Hamed R, Tetro N, Maimon O, Khutsurauli S, Nechushtan H, Nisman B, Duran D, Samman W, Birimberg-Schwartz L, Grunewald M, Eyal S, Peretz T. Valproic acid reprograms the metabolic aberration of cisplatin treatment via ALDH modulation in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1217149. [PMID: 37954205 PMCID: PMC10639136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1217149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) reprograms the cisplatin-induced metabolome of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including a shift in hexose levels. Accordingly, here, we tested the hypothesis that VPA alters glucose metabolism in correlation with cisplatin sensitivity. Two TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (a cisplatin-resistant line) and MDA-MB-436 (a cisplatin-sensitive line), were analyzed. The glycolysis and oxidative metabolism were measured using the Glycolysis Stress Test kit. The expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), enzymes linked to drug resistance, was investigated by Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We additionally studied the influence of ALDH inhibition by disulfiram on the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and on a TNBC patient-derived organoid system. Cisplatin treatment reduced the extracellular acidification rate in MDA-MB-436 cells but not MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas VPA addition increased the extracellular acidification rate in both cell lines. VPA further reduced the oxygen consumption rate of cisplatin-treated MDA-MB-436 cells, which correlated with cell cycle alterations. However, in MDA-MB-231 cells, the cell cycle distribution did not change between cisplatin/VPA-cisplatin treatments. In both cell lines, VPA increased the expression of ALDH isoform and ALDH1A1 expression. However, only in MDA-MB-231 cells, VPA synergized with cisplatin to augment this effect. Disulfiram sensitized the cells to the cytotoxic effects of the VPA-cisplatin combination. Furthermore, the disulfiram-VPA-chemotherapy combination was most effective in TNBC organoids. Our results show that ALDH overexpression may act as one mechanism of cellular resistance to VPA in TNBC and that its inhibition may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of VPA-chemotherapeutic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Granit Mizrahi
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahinoam Gugenheim
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haneen Hamad
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roa’a Hamed
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nino Tetro
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Salome Khutsurauli
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Nisman
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah Duran
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hadassah Organoid Center, The Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Widad Samman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hadassah Organoid Center, The Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liron Birimberg-Schwartz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hadassah Organoid Center, The Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Myriam Grunewald
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hadassah Organoid Center, The Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Eyal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Oncology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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5
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Domínguez-Zorita S, Cuezva JM. The Mitochondrial ATP Synthase/IF1 Axis in Cancer Progression: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3775. [PMID: 37568591 PMCID: PMC10417293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant global health problem with profound personal and economic implications on National Health Care Systems. The reprograming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with a clear potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Herein, we summarize the relevant role that the mitochondrial ATP synthase and its physiological inhibitor, ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1), play in metabolic reprogramming to an enhanced glycolytic phenotype. We stress that the interplay in the ATP synthase/IF1 axis has additional functional roles in signaling mitohormetic programs, pro-oncogenic or anti-metastatic phenotypes depending on the cell type. Moreover, the same axis also participates in cell death resistance of cancer cells by restrained mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. We emphasize the relevance of the different post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the specific expression and activity of ATP synthase/IF1, to stimulate further investigations in the field because of their potential as future targets to treat cancer. In addition, we review recent findings stressing that mitochondria metabolism is the primary altered target in lung adenocarcinomas and that the ATP synthase/IF1 axis of OXPHOS is included in the most significant signature of metastatic disease. Finally, we stress that targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS in pre-clinical mouse models affords a most effective therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Domínguez-Zorita
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Zhou R, Choi H, Cao J, Pantel A, Gupta M, Lee HS, Mankoff D. 18F-Fluciclovine PET Imaging of Glutaminase Inhibition in Breast Cancer Models. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:131-136. [PMID: 35772960 PMCID: PMC9841257 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) avidly metabolize glutamine as a feature of their malignant phenotype. The conversion of glutamine to glutamate by the glutaminase enzyme represents the first and rate-limiting step of this pathway and a target for drug development. Indeed, a novel glutaminase inhibitor (GLSi) has been developed and tested in clinical trials but with limited success, suggesting the potential for a biomarker to select patients who could benefit from this novel therapy. Here, we studied a nonmetabolized amino acid analog, 18F-fluciclovine, as a PET imaging biomarker for detecting the pharmacodynamic response to GLSi. Methods: Uptake of 18F-fluciclovine into human breast cancer cells was studied in the presence and absence of inhibitors of glutamine transporters and GLSi. To allow 18F-fluciclovine PET to be performed on mice, citrate in the tracer formulation is replaced by phosphate-buffered saline. Mice bearing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts (HCC38, HCC1806, and MBA-MD-231) and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer xenografts (MCF-7) were imaged with dynamic PET at baseline and after a 2-d treatment of GLSi (CB839) or vehicle. Kinetic analysis suggested reversible uptake of the tracer, and the distribution volume (VD) of 18F-fluciclovine was estimated by Logan plot analysis. Results: Our data showed that cellular uptake of 18F-fluciclovine is mediated by glutamine transporters. A significant increase in VD was observed after CB839 treatment in TNBC models exhibiting high glutaminase activity (HCC38 and HCC1806) but not in TNBC or MCF-7 exhibiting low glutaminase. Changes in VD were corroborated with changes in GLS activity measured in tumors treated with CB839 versus vehicle, as well as with changes in VD of 18F-(2S,R4)-fluoroglutamine, which we previously validated as a measure of cellular glutamine pool size. A moderate, albeit significant, decrease in 18F-FDG PET signal was observed in HCC1806 tumors after CB839 treatment. Conclusion: 18F-fluciclovine PET has potential to serve as a clinically translatable pharmacodynamic biomarker of GLSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Zhou J, Corvaisier M, Malycheva D, Alvarado-Kristensson M. Hubbing the Cancer Cell. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5924. [PMID: 36497405 PMCID: PMC9738523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation drives adaptive changes in a growing tumor that affect the cellular organization of cancerous cells, resulting in the loss of specialized cellular functions in the polarized compartmentalization of cells. The resulting altered metabolic and morphological patterns are used clinically as diagnostic markers. This review recapitulates the known functions of actin, microtubules and the γ-tubulin meshwork in orchestrating cell metabolism and functional cellular asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö 1, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Madani M, Behzadi MM, Nabavi S. The Role of Deep Learning in Advancing Breast Cancer Detection Using Different Imaging Modalities: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5334. [PMID: 36358753 PMCID: PMC9655692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most common and fatal diseases for women, and no permanent treatment has been discovered. Thus, early detection is a crucial step to control and cure breast cancer that can save the lives of millions of women. For example, in 2020, more than 65% of breast cancer patients were diagnosed in an early stage of cancer, from which all survived. Although early detection is the most effective approach for cancer treatment, breast cancer screening conducted by radiologists is very expensive and time-consuming. More importantly, conventional methods of analyzing breast cancer images suffer from high false-detection rates. Different breast cancer imaging modalities are used to extract and analyze the key features affecting the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. These imaging modalities can be divided into subgroups such as mammograms, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathological images, or any combination of them. Radiologists or pathologists analyze images produced by these methods manually, which leads to an increase in the risk of wrong decisions for cancer detection. Thus, the utilization of new automatic methods to analyze all kinds of breast screening images to assist radiologists to interpret images is required. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely utilized to automatically improve the early detection and treatment of different types of cancer, specifically breast cancer, thereby enhancing the survival chance of patients. Advances in AI algorithms, such as deep learning, and the availability of datasets obtained from various imaging modalities have opened an opportunity to surpass the limitations of current breast cancer analysis methods. In this article, we first review breast cancer imaging modalities, and their strengths and limitations. Then, we explore and summarize the most recent studies that employed AI in breast cancer detection using various breast imaging modalities. In addition, we report available datasets on the breast-cancer imaging modalities which are important in developing AI-based algorithms and training deep learning models. In conclusion, this review paper tries to provide a comprehensive resource to help researchers working in breast cancer imaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Madani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Behzadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sheida Nabavi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Edmonds CE, O'Brien SR, Mankoff DA, Pantel AR. Novel applications of molecular imaging to guide breast cancer therapy. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:31. [PMID: 35729608 PMCID: PMC9210593 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of precision oncology are to provide targeted drug therapy based on each individual’s specific tumor biology, and to enable the prediction and early assessment of treatment response to allow treatment modification when necessary. Thus, precision oncology aims to maximize treatment success while minimizing the side effects of inadequate or suboptimal therapies. Molecular imaging, through noninvasive assessment of clinically relevant tumor biomarkers across the entire disease burden, has the potential to revolutionize clinical oncology, including breast oncology. In this article, we review breast cancer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers for providing early response assessment and predicting treatment outcomes. For 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), a marker of cellular glucose metabolism that is well established for staging multiple types of malignancies including breast cancer, we highlight novel applications for early response assessment. We then review current and future applications of novel PET biomarkers for imaging the steroid receptors, including the estrogen and progesterone receptors, the HER2 receptor, cellular proliferation, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Edmonds
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Sophia R O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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10
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Li Y, Liu J, Sun L, Zhang B, Shi R. Research trends of cancer metabolism: analysis from a Chinese perspective. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:367-373. [PMID: 35470986 PMCID: PMC9118042 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.,Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China.,Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
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11
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Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Muzi M, Doot RK, Mankoff DA. Principles of Tracer Kinetic Analysis in Oncology, Part II: Examples and Future Directions. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:514-521. [PMID: 35361713 PMCID: PMC8973282 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to (1) describe examples of the application of PET tracer kinetic analysis to oncology; (2) list applications research and possible clinical applications in oncology where kinetic analysis is helpful; and (3) discuss future applications of kinetic modeling to cancer research and possible clinical cancer imaging practice.Financial Disclosure: This work was supported by KL2 TR001879, R01 CA211337, R01 CA113941, R33 CA225310, Komen SAC130060, R50 CA211270, and K01 DA040023. Dr. Pantel is a consultant or advisor for Progenics and Blue Earth Diagnostics and is a meeting participant or lecturer for Blue Earth Diagnostics. Dr. Mankoff is on the scientific advisory boards of GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare, Reflexion, and ImaginAb and is the owner of Trevarx; his wife is the chief executive officer of Trevarx. The authors of this article have indicated no other relevant relationships that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest.CME Credit: SNMMI is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing education for physicians. SNMMI designates each JNM continuing education article for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. For CE credit, SAM, and other credit types, participants can access this activity through the SNMMI website (http://www.snmmilearningcenter.org) through April 2025.Kinetic analysis of dynamic PET imaging enables the estimation of biologic processes relevant to disease. Through mathematic analysis of the interactions of a radiotracer with tissue, information can be gleaned from PET imaging beyond static uptake measures. Part I of this 2-part continuing education paper reviewed the underlying principles and methodology of kinetic modeling. In this second part, the benefits of kinetic modeling for oncologic imaging are illustrated through representative case examples that demonstrate the principles and benefits of kinetic analysis in oncology. Examples of the model types discussed in part I are reviewed here: a 1-tissue-compartment model (15O-water), an irreversible 2-tissue-compartment model (18F-FDG), and a reversible 2-tissue-compartment model (3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine). Kinetic approaches are contrasted with static uptake measures typically used in the clinic. Overall, this 2-part review provides the reader with background in kinetic analysis to understand related research and improve the interpretation of clinical nuclear medicine studies with a focus on oncologic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Varsha Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mark Muzi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Tu R, Ma J, Zhang P, Kang Y, Xiong X, Zhu J, Li M, Zhang C. The emerging role of deubiquitylating enzymes as therapeutic targets in cancer metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35307036 PMCID: PMC8935717 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the unbridled proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming provides not only the advantage for cancer cell proliferation but also new targets for cancer treatment. However, the plasticity of the metabolic pathways makes them very difficult to target. Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that cleave ubiquitin from the substrate proteins and process ubiquitin precursors. While the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, many DUBs have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression via controlling the dysregulated cancer metabolism, and consequently recognized as potential drug targets for cancer treatment. In this article, we summarized the significant progress in understanding the key roles of DUBs in cancer cell metabolic rewiring and the opportunities for the application of DUBs inhibitors in cancer treatment, intending to provide potential implications for both research purpose and clinical applications.
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Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Muzi M, Doot RK, Mankoff DA. Principles of Tracer Kinetic Analysis in Oncology, Part I: Principles and Overview of Methodology. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:342-352. [PMID: 35232879 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to describe (1) describe principles of PET tracer kinetic analysis for oncologic applications; (2) list methods used for PET kinetic analysis for oncology; and (3) discuss application of kinetic modeling for cancer-specific diagnostic needs.Financial Disclosure: This work was supported by KL2 TR001879, R01 CA211337, R01 CA113941, R33 CA225310, Komen SAC130060, R50 CA211270, and K01 DA040023. Dr. Pantel is a consultant or advisor for Progenics and Blue Earth Diagnostics and is a meeting participant or lecturer for Blue Earth Diagnostics. Dr. Mankoff is on the scientific advisory boards of GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare, Reflexion, and ImaginAb and is the owner of Trevarx; his wife is the chief executive officer of Trevarx. The authors of this article have indicated no other relevant relationships that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest.CME Credit: SNMMI is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing education for physicians. SNMMI designates each JNM continuing education article for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. For CE credit, SAM, and other credit types, participants can access this activity through the SNMMI website (http://www.snmmilearningcenter.org) through March 2025PET enables noninvasive imaging of regional in vivo cancer biology. By engineering a radiotracer to target specific biologic processes of relevance to cancer (e.g., cancer metabolism, blood flow, proliferation, and tumor receptor expression or ligand binding), PET can detect cancer spread, characterize the cancer phenotype, and assess its response to treatment. For example, imaging of glucose metabolism using the radiolabeled glucose analog 18F-FDG has widespread applications to all 3 of these tasks and plays an important role in cancer care. However, the current clinical practice of imaging at a single time point remote from tracer injection (i.e., static imaging) does not use all the information that PET cancer imaging can provide, especially to address questions beyond cancer detection. Reliance on tracer measures obtained only from static imaging may also lead to misleading results. In this 2-part continuing education paper, we describe the principles of tracer kinetic analysis for oncologic PET (part 1), followed by examples of specific implementations of kinetic analysis for cancer PET imaging that highlight the added benefits over static imaging (part 2). This review is designed to introduce nuclear medicine clinicians to basic concepts of kinetic analysis in oncologic imaging, with a goal of illustrating how kinetic analysis can augment our understanding of in vivo cancer biology, improve our approach to clinical decision making, and guide the interpretation of quantitative measures derived from static images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Varsha Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mark Muzi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Morrison AJ. Cancer cell metabolism connects epigenetic modifications to transcriptional regulation. FEBS J 2022; 289:1302-1314. [PMID: 34036737 PMCID: PMC8613311 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of cellular function with the nutrient environment is essential for survival. Failure to adapt can lead to cell death and/or disease. Indeed, energy metabolism alterations are a major contributing factor for many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In particular, a primary characteristic of cancer cells is altered metabolism that promotes survival and proliferation even in the presence of limited nutrients. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that metabolic pathways produce intermediary metabolites that directly influence epigenetic modifications in the genome. Emerging evidence demonstrates that metabolic processes in cancer cells fuel malignant growth, in part, through epigenetic regulation of gene expression programs important for proliferation and adaptive survival. In this review, recent progress toward understanding the relationship of cancer cell metabolism, epigenetic modification, and transcriptional regulation will be discussed. Specifically, the need for adaptive cell metabolism and its modulation in cancer cells will be introduced. Current knowledge on the emerging field of metabolite production and epigenetic modification will also be reviewed. Alterations of DNA (de)methylation, histone modifications, such as (de)methylation and (de)acylation, as well as chromatin remodeling, will be discussed in the context of cancer cell metabolism. Finally, how these epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer cell phenotypes will be summarized. Collectively, these studies reveal that both metabolic and epigenetic pathways in cancer cells are closely linked, representing multiple opportunities to therapeutically target the unique features of malignant growth.
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Stroet MCM, de Blois E, de Jong M, Seimbille Y, Mezzanotte L, Löwik CWGM, Panth KM. Improved Multimodal Tumor Necrosis Imaging with IRDye800CW-DOTA Conjugated to an Albumin-Binding Domain. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040861. [PMID: 35205609 PMCID: PMC8870237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-tumor treatment efficacy is determined by tumor shrinkage, which takes valuable time to become apparent and poses a risk of unnecessary treatment with severe side effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need for more reliable and specific methods to monitor treatment efficacy. We explore radiolabeled cyanines for imaging tumor necrosis as a unique marker for therapy efficacy. Moreover, spontaneous tumor necrosis is a hallmark for aggressively growing tumor types with poor prognosis. We improved the binding properties of a previously reported necrosis-avid contrast agent (NACA) and successfully detected spontaneous and therapy-induced tumor necrosis in mice using radioactivity and fluorescence imaging modalities. This NACA may pave the way to in vivo detection of tumor necrosis for early-stage determination of tumor aggressiveness and therapy efficacy. Abstract Purpose: To assess our improved NACA for the detection of tumor necrosis. Methods: We increased the blood circulation time of our NACA by adding an albumin-binding domain to the molecular structure. We tested the necrosis avidity on dead or alive cultured cells and performed SPECT and fluorescence imaging of both spontaneous and treatment-induced necrosis in murine breast cancer models. We simultaneously recorded [18F]FDG-PET and bioluminescence images for complementary detection of tumor viability. Results: We generated two albumin-binding IRDye800CW derivatives which were labeled with indium-111 with high radiochemical purity. Surprisingly, both albumin-binding NACAs had >10x higher in vitro binding towards dead cells. We selected [111In]3 for in vivo experiments which showed higher dead cell binding in vitro and in vivo stability. The doxorubicin-treated tumors showed increased [111In]3-uptake (1.74 ± 0.08%ID/g after saline treatment, 2.25 ± 0.16%ID/g after doxorubicin treatment, p = 0.044) and decreased [18F]FDG-uptake (3.02 ± 0.51%ID/g after saline treatment, 1.79 ± 0.11%ID/g after doxorubicin treatment, p = 0.040), indicating therapy efficacy. Moreover, we detected increased [111In]3-uptake and tumor necrosis in more rapidly growing EMT6 tumors. Conclusions: Our albumin-binding NACA based on IRDye800CW facilitates tumor-necrosis imaging for assessment of therapy efficacy and aggressiveness in solid tumors using both fluorescence and SPECT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C. M. Stroet
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
- Erasmus MC, Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Marion de Jong
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
- Erasmus MC, Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W. G. M. Löwik
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
- Erasmus MC, Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CHUV Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (C.W.G.M.L.); (K.M.P.)
| | - Kranthi M. Panth
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.C.M.S.); (E.d.B.); (Y.S.); (L.M.)
- Erasmus MC, Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.W.G.M.L.); (K.M.P.)
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Hu K, Wang L, Wu H, Huang S, Tian Y, Wang Q, Xiao C, Han Y, Tang G. [ 18F]FAPI-42 PET imaging in cancer patients: optimal acquisition time, biodistribution, and comparison with [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:2833-2843. [PMID: 34893920 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [18F]FAPI-42 is a new fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-specific tracer used for cancer imaging. Here, we describe the optimal acquisition time and in vivo evaluation of [18F]FAPI-42 and compared intra-individual biodistribution, tumor uptake, and detection ability to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. METHODS A total of 22 patients with various types of cancer received [18F]FAPI-42 whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Among them, 4 patients underwent PET/CT scans, including an early dynamic 20-min, static 1-h, and static 2-h scans. The in vivo biodistribution in normal organs and tumor uptake were semiquantitatively evaluated using the standardized uptake value (SUV) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Furthermore, both [18F]FAPI-42 and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT were performed in 12 patients to compare biodistribution, tumor uptake, and tumor detection ability. RESULTS [18F]FAPI-42 uptake in the tumors was rapid and reached a high level with an average SUVmax of 15.8 at 18 min, which stayed at a similarly high level to 2 h. The optimal image acquisition time for [18F]FAPI-42 was determined to be 1 h postinjection. For tumor detection, [18F]FAPI-42 had a high uptake and could be clearly visualized in the lesions. Compared to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, [18F]FAPI-42 had the same detectability for 144 positive lesions. In addition, [18F]FAPI-42 showed a higher SUVmax in liver and bone lesions (P < 0.05) and higher TBRs in liver, bone, lymph node, pleura, and peritoneal lesions (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the optimal image acquisition time of [18F]FAPI-42 is 1 h postinjection and that [18F]FAPI-42 exhibits comparable lesion detectability to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100045757).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hubing Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiaoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Caixia Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanjiang Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mankoff DA, Sellmyer MA. PET of Fibroblast-Activation Protein for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Staging. Radiology 2021; 302:48-49. [PMID: 34636639 PMCID: PMC8717688 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021212098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Sheraj I, Guray NT, Banerjee S. A pan-cancer transcriptomic study showing tumor specific alterations in central metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13637. [PMID: 34211032 PMCID: PMC8249409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in metabolic rewiring of tumors to identify clinically relevant genes. However, most of these studies have had either focused on individual tumors, or are too general, providing a broad outlook on overall changes. In this study, we have first curated an extensive list of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and metabolite transporters relevant to carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and biosynthesis. Next, we have used publicly available transcriptomic data for 20 different tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) and focused on differential expression of these genes between tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Our study revealed major transcriptional alterations in genes that are involved in central metabolism. Most tumors exhibit upregulation in carbohydrate and amino acid transporters, increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. On the other hand, the expression of genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerotic reactions and electron transport chain differed between tumors. Although most transcriptomic alterations were conserved across many tumor types suggesting the initiation of common regulatory programs, expression changes unique to specific tumors were also identified, which can provide gene expression fingerprints as potential biomarkers or drug targets. Our study also emphasizes the value of transcriptomic data in the deeper understanding of metabolic changes in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - N Tulin Guray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Edwards R, Greenwood HE, McRobbie G, Khan I, Witney TH. Robust and Facile Automated Radiosynthesis of [ 18F]FSPG on the GE FASTlab. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:854-864. [PMID: 34013395 PMCID: PMC8578107 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose (S)-4-(3-18F-Fluoropropyl)-ʟ-Glutamic Acid ([18F]FSPG) is a radiolabeled non-natural amino acid that is used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the glutamate/cystine antiporter, system xC-, whose expression is upregulated in many cancer types. To increase the clinical adoption of this radiotracer, reliable and facile automated procedures for [18F]FSPG production are required. Here, we report a cassette-based method to produce [18F]FSPG at high radioactivity concentrations from low amounts of starting activity. Procedures An automated synthesis and purification of [18F]FSPG was developed using the GE FASTlab. Optimization of the reaction conditions and automated manipulations were performed by measuring the isolated radiochemical yield of [18F]FSPG and by assessing radiochemical purity using radio-HPLC. Purification of [18F]FSPG was conducted by trapping and washing of the radiotracer on Oasis MCX SPE cartridges, followed by a reverse elution of [18F]FSPG in phosphate-buffered saline. Subsequently, the [18F]FSPG obtained from the optimized process was used to image an animal model of non-small cell lung cancer. Results The optimized protocol produced [18F]FSPG in 38.4 ± 2.6 % radiochemical yield and >96 % radiochemical purity with a molar activity of 11.1 ± 7.7 GBq/μmol. Small alterations, including the implementation of a reverse elution and an altered Hypercarb cartridge, led to significant improvements in radiotracer concentration from <10 MBq/ml to >100 MBq/ml. The improved radiotracer concentration allowed for the imaging of up to 20 mice, starting with just 1.5 GBq of [18F]Fluoride. Conclusions We have developed a robust and facile method for [18F]FSPG radiosynthesis in high radiotracer concentration, radiochemical yield, and radiochemical purity. This cassette-based method enabled the production of [18F]FSPG at radioactive concentrations sufficient to facilitate large-scale preclinical experiments with a single prep of starting activity. The use of a cassette-based radiosynthesis on an automated synthesis module routinely used for clinical production makes the method amenable to rapid and widespread clinical translation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-021-01609-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Edwards
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Hannah E Greenwood
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Graeme McRobbie
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Life Sciences, GE Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, HP8 4SP, UK
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Life Sciences, GE Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, HP8 4SP, UK
| | - Timothy H Witney
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Chen Z, Chen L, Sun B, Liu D, He Y, Qi L, Li G, Han Z, Zhan L, Zhang S, Zhu K, Luo Y, Chen L, Zhang N, Guo H. LDLR inhibition promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by elevating intracellular cholesterol synthesis through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101230. [PMID: 33823318 PMCID: PMC8102998 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adaptive rewiring of cancer energy metabolism has received increasing attention. By binding with LDLs, LDLRs make most of the circulating cholesterol available for cells to utilize. However, it remains unclear how LDLR works in HCC development by affecting cholesterol metabolism. Methods Database analyses and immunohistochemical staining were used to identify the clinical significance of LDLR in HCC. A transcriptome analysis was used to reveal the mechanism of LDLR aberration in HCC progression. A liver orthotopic transplantation model was used to evaluate the role of LDLR in HCC progression in vivo. Results Downregulation of LDLR was identified as a negative prognostic factor in human HCC. Reduced expression of LDLR in HCC cell lines impaired LDL uptake but promoted proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, increasing intracellular de novo cholesterol biosynthesis was the chief contributor to malignant behaviors caused by LDLR inhibition, which could be rescued by simvastatin. Activation of the MEK/ERK pathway by LDLR downregulation partially contributed to intracellular cholesterol synthesis in HCC. Conclusions Downregulation of LDLR may elevate intracellular cholesterol synthesis to accelerate proliferation and motility through a mechanism partially attributed to stimulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Repression of intracellular cholesterol synthesis with statins may constitute a targetable liability in the context of lower LDLR expression in HCC. Downregulation of LDLR is identified as a negative prognostic factor in human HCC. LDLR inhibition facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. Increased cholesterol synthesis chiefly contributes to the malignant behaviors caused by LDLR reduction. Blockade of cholesterol synthesis by simvastatin attenuates HCC progression under lower LDLR. Activation of the MEK/ERK pathway by LDLR downregulation promotes cholesterol synthesis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bo Sun
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuchao He
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Keyun Zhu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Neganova ME, Klochkov SG, Aleksandrova YR, Osipov VN, Avdeev DV, Pukhov SA, Gromyko AV, Aliev G. New Spirocyclic Hydroxamic Acids as Effective Antiproliferative Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:597-610. [PMID: 32459611 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200527132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main goal of this work is to synthesize new original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids, investigate their cytotoxicity against the panel of tumor cell lines and possible mechanism of action of these active compounds. BACKGROUND Hydroxamic acids are one of the promising classes of chemical compounds with proven potential anticancer properties. This is manifested in the presence of metal chelating and antioxidant activities, the ability to inhibit histone deacetylase enzymes and a chemosensitizing effect against well known cytostatics. OBJECTIVE Original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids were synthesized and spectra of their antiproliferative activities were investigated. METHODS The cytotoxic activities on different tumor lines (SH-SY5Y, HeLa and healthy cells HEK-293) were investigated and determined possible underlying mechanisms of their activity. RESULTS New original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids were synthesized. These compounds exhibit antiproliferative properties against various tumor cultures cells and also exhibit antioxidant activity, a depolarizing effect on the mitochondrial membrane, inhibit the activity of the histone deacetylase enzyme, and also decrease of basal glycolysis and glycolytic capacity reserve of HeLa and SH-SY5Y tumor cell lines. CONCLUSION The most promising are compounds 5j-l containing two chlorine atoms as substituents in the quinazoline part of the molecule and hydroxamate function. Therefore, these compounds can be considered as hit compounds for the development on their basis multi-target anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr, 1. Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr, 1. Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr, 1. Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily N Osipov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 23, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Avdeev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Street 3-ja Cherepkovskaja 15A, Moscow, 121552, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Pukhov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr, 1. Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr V Gromyko
- JSC Pharm-Sintez, Vereyskaya Str., 29, bld. 134, Moscow, 121357, Russian Federation
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr, 1. Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
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22
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Mankoff DA. PET Imaging in Cancer Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Ballal S, Yadav MP, Moon ES, Kramer VS, Roesch F, Kumari S, Tripathi M, ArunRaj ST, Sarswat S, Bal C. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi, and the head-to-head comparison with [ 18F]F-FDG PET/CT in patients with various cancers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1915-1931. [PMID: 33244617 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [68Ga]Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors ([68Ga]Ga-FAPi) have shown promising preclinical and clinical results in PET imaging. The present study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi, another modified FAPi tracer, and performed a head-to-head comparison with [18F]F-FDG PET/CT scans in patients with various cancers. METHODS In this prospective study, patients underwent both [18F]F-FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi PET/CT scans 60 min post-injection (p.i.). Dosimetry studies were conducted in three patients using [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi serial time-point imaging. The absorbed dose was calculated using OLINDA/EXM 2.2 software. Quantification of the uptake of the tracers was assessed using standardized uptake values corrected for lean body mass (SUL). RESULTS Fifty-four patients (mean age; 48.4 years) with 14 types of cancers involving 37% breast, 24% lung, 7.4% head and neck (H&N), and remaining 31.6% patients with other histologies were evaluated prospectively. Physiological uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi was observed in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, heart contents, and to a lesser extent in the lacrimals, oral mucosa, salivary glands, and thyroid glands. Uptake in the target lesions on [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi scan was initiated at 10 min, and no additional lesions were detected in the delayed acquisition time points. The pancreas was the organ with the highest absorbed dose (5.46E-02 mSv/MBq). While the patient-based comparison between the radiotracers revealed complete concordance in the detection of primary, pleural thickening, bone and liver metastases, and second primary malignancy, discordant findings were observed in the detection of lymph node (7.5%), lung nodules (5.6%), and brain metastases (2%). According to the site of primary disease, patients with H&N cancers demonstrated the highest SULpeak and average (avg) values on [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA-FAPi which was similar to the values of [18F]F-FDG [(SULpeak: 15.4 vs. 14.2; P-0.680) (SULavg: 8.3 vs. 7.9; P-0.783)]. The lowest uptake was observed in lung cancers with both the radiotracers [(SULpeak: 5.8 vs. 7.4; P-0.238) (SULavg: 4.9 vs. 5.3; P-0.313)]. A significantly higher SULpeak and SULavg for brain metastases to normal brain parenchyma ratios were observed on [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi in contrast to the [18F]F-FDG values {SULpeak: median: 59.3 (IQR: 33.5-130.8) versus 1.5 (1-2.3); P-0.028}. Except for brain metastases, comparable SULpeak and average values were noted between the radiotracers in all other regions of metastases with no significant difference. CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi is a promising alternative among the FAPI class of molecules and performed well as compared to standard-of-care radiotracer [18F]F-FDG in the diagnosis of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, PIN: 110029, India
| | - Madhav Prasad Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, PIN: 110029, India
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Samta Kumari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, PIN: 110029, India
| | - Madhavi Tripathi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, PIN: 110029, India
| | | | - Sulochana Sarswat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, PIN: 110029, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, PIN: 110029, India.
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Esparza-Moltó PB, Cuezva JM. Reprogramming Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer: A Role for RNA-Binding Proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:927-945. [PMID: 31910046 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is a major disease imposing high personal and economic burden draining large part of National Health Care and Research budgets worldwide. In the last decade, research in cancer has underscored the reprogramming of metabolism to an enhanced aerobic glycolysis as a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for targeted therapy. Recent Advances: Mitochondria are essential organelles in metabolic reprogramming for controlling the production of biological energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the supply of metabolic precursors that sustain proliferation. In addition, mitochondria are critical hubs that integrate different signaling pathways that control cellular metabolism and cell fate. The mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a fundamental role in OXPHOS and cellular signaling. Critical Issues: This review overviews mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS, and the major changes reported in the expression and function of mitochondrial proteins of OXPHOS in oncogenesis and in cellular differentiation. We summarize the prominent role that RNA-binding proteins (RNABPs) play in the sorting and localized translation of nuclear-encoded mRNAs that help define the mitochondrial cell-type-specific phenotype. Moreover, we emphasize the mechanisms that contribute to restrain the activity and expression of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in carcinomas, and illustrate that the dysregulation of proteins that control energy metabolism correlates with patients' survival. Future Directions: Future research should elucidate the mechanisms and RNABPs that promote the specific alterations of the mitochondrial phenotype in carcinomas arising from different tissues with the final aim of developing new therapeutic strategies to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau B Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Gillman JA, Pantel AR, Mankoff DA, Edmonds CE. Update on Quantitative Imaging for Predicting and Assessing Response in Oncology. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:505-517. [PMID: 33059820 PMCID: PMC9788668 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has revolutionized clinical oncology by imaging-specific facets of cancer biology. Through noninvasive measurements of tumor physiology, targeted radiotracers can serve as biomarkers for disease characterization, prognosis, response assessment, and predicting long-term response/survival. In turn, these imaging biomarkers can be utilized to tailor therapeutic regimens to tumor biology. In this article, we review biomarker applications for response assessment and predicting long-term outcomes. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a measure of cellular glucose metabolism, is discussed in the context of lymphoma and breast and lung cancer. FDG has gained widespread clinical acceptance and has been integrated into the routine clinical care of several malignancies, most notably lymphoma. The novel radiotracers 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-estradiol and 18F-fluorothymidine are reviewed in application to the early prediction of response assessment of breast cancer. Through illustrative examples, we explore current and future applications of molecular imaging biomarkers in the advancement of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Gillman
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine E Edmonds
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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26
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Lim H, Martínez-Santiesteban F, Jensen MD, Chen A, Wong E, Scholl TJ. Monitoring Early Changes in Tumor Metabolism in Response to Therapy Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI in a Preclinical Model of Glioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:290-300. [PMID: 32879899 PMCID: PMC7442089 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the use of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical tumor model. 13C-labeled pyruvate was used to monitor early changes in tumor metabolism based on the Warburg effect. High-grade malignant tumors exhibit increased glycolytic activity and lactate production to promote proliferation. A rodent glioma model was used to explore altered lactate production after therapy as an early imaging biomarker for therapeutic response. Rodents were surgically implanted with C6 glioma cells and separated into 4 groups, namely, no therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined therapy. Animals were imaged serially at 6 different time points with magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI and conventional 1H imaging. Using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI, alterations in tumor metabolism were detected as changes in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate (measured as Lac/Pyr ratio) and compared with the conventional method of detecting therapeutic response using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Moreover, each therapy group expressed different characteristic changes in tumor metabolism. The group that received no therapy showed a gradual increase of Lac/Pyr ratio within the tumor. The radiotherapy group showed large variations in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio. The chemo- and combined-therapy groups showed a statistically significant reduction in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio; however, only combined therapy was capable of suppressing tumor growth, which resulted in low endpoint mortality rate. Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI detected a prompt reduction in Lac/Pyr ratio as early as 2 days post combined chemo- and radiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseung Lim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael D Jensen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jones EF, Hathi DK, Freimanis R, Mukhtar RA, Chien AJ, Esserman LJ, van’t Veer LJ, Joe BN, Hylton NM. Current Landscape of Breast Cancer Imaging and Potential Quantitative Imaging Markers of Response in ER-Positive Breast Cancers Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1511. [PMID: 32527022 PMCID: PMC7352259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neoadjuvant treatment trials have shown that breast cancer subtypes identified on the basis of genomic and/or molecular signatures exhibit different response rates and recurrence outcomes, with the implication that subtype-specific treatment approaches are needed. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers present a unique set of challenges for determining optimal neoadjuvant treatment approaches. There is increased recognition that not all ER+ breast cancers benefit from chemotherapy, and that there may be a subset of ER+ breast cancers that can be treated effectively using endocrine therapies alone. With this uncertainty, there is a need to improve the assessment and to optimize the treatment of ER+ breast cancers. While pathology-based markers offer a snapshot of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy, non-invasive imaging of the ER disease in response to treatment would provide broader insights into tumor heterogeneity, ER biology, and the timing of surrogate endpoint measurements. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of breast imaging in neoadjuvant studies and highlight the technological advances in each imaging modality. We then further examine some potential imaging markers for neoadjuvant treatment response in ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella F. Jones
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Deep K. Hathi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Rita Freimanis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Rita A. Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - A. Jo Chien
- School of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (A.J.C.); (L.J.v.V.)
| | - Laura J. Esserman
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Laura J. van’t Veer
- School of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (A.J.C.); (L.J.v.V.)
| | - Bonnie N. Joe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Nola M. Hylton
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
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Metabolic reprogramming and disease progression in cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165721. [PMID: 32057942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomics has contributed to the treatment of a fraction of cancer patients. However, there is a need to profile the proteins that define the phenotype of cancer and its pathogenesis. The reprogramming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for prognosis and targeted therapy. This review overviews the major changes reported in the steady-state levels of proteins of metabolism in primary carcinomas, paying attention to those enzymes that correlate with patients' survival. The upregulation of enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipogenesis, glutaminolysis and the antioxidant defense is concurrent with the downregulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, emphasizing the potential of mitochondrial metabolism as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. We stress that high-throughput quantitative expression profiling of differentially expressed proteins in large cohorts of carcinomas paired with normal tissues will accelerate translation of metabolism to a successful personalized medicine in cancer.
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Mankoff DA, Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Karp JS. Advances in PET Diagnostics for Guiding Targeted Cancer Therapy and Studying In Vivo Cancer Biology. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 7:97-108. [PMID: 37092138 PMCID: PMC10117535 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review We present an overview of recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostics as applied to the study of cancer, specifically as a tool to study in vivo cancer biology and to direct targeted cancer therapy. The review is directed to translational and clinical cancer investigators who may not be familiar with these applications of PET cancer diagnostics, but whose research might benefit from these advancing tools. Recent Findings We highlight recent advances in 3 areas: (1) the translation of PET imaging cancer biomarkers to clinical trials; (2) methods for measuring cancer metabolism in vivo in patients; and (3) advances in PET instrumentation, including total-body PET, that enable new methodologies. We emphasize approaches that have been translated to human studies. Summary PET imaging methodology enables unique in vivo cancer diagnostics that go beyond cancer detection and staging, providing an improved ability to guide cancer treatment and an increased understanding of in vivo human cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Varsha Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joel S Karp
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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30
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Mirus M, Tokalov SV, Abramyuk A, Heinold J, Prochnow V, Zöphel K, Kotzerke J, Abolmaali N. Noninvasive assessment and quantification of tumor vascularization using [18F]FDG-PET/CT and CE-CT in a tumor model with modifiable angiogenesis-an animal experimental prospective cohort study. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:55. [PMID: 31227938 PMCID: PMC6588673 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the noninvasive assessment of tumor vascularization with clinical F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT and CE-CT) in experimental human xenograft tumors with modifiable vascularization and compared results to histology. Tumor xenografts with modifiable vascularization were established in 71 athymic nude rats by subcutaneous transplantation of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Four different groups were transplanted with two different tumor cell lines (either A549 or H1299) alone or tumors co-transplanted with rat glomerular endothelial (RGE) cells, the latter to increase vascularization. Tumors were assessed noninvasively by [18F]FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) using clinical scanners. This was followed by histological examinations evaluating tumor vasculature (CD-31 and intravascular fluorescent beads). Results In both tumor lines (A549 and H1299), co-transplantation of RGE cells resulted in faster growth rates [maximal tumor diameter of 20 mm after 22 (± 1.2) as compared to 45 (± 1.8) days, p < 0.001], higher microvessel density (MVD) determined histologically after CD-31 staining [171.4 (± 18.9) as compared to 110.8 (± 11) vessels per mm2, p = 0.002], and higher perfusion as indicated by the number of beads [1.3 (± 0.1) as compared to 1.1 (± 0.04) beads per field of view, p = 0.001]. In [18F]FDG-PET/CT, co-transplanted tumors revealed significantly higher standardized uptake values [SUVmax, 2.8 (± 0.2) as compared to 1.1 (± 0.1), p < 0.001] and larger metabolic active volumes [2.4 (± 0.2) as compared to 0.4 (± 0.2) cm3, p < 0.001] than non-co-transplanted tumors. There were significant correlations for vascularization parameters derived from histology and [18F]FDG PET/CT [beads and SUVmax, r = 0.353, p = 0.005; CD-31 and SUVmax, r = 0.294, p = 0.036] as well as between CE-CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT [contrast enhancement and SUVmax, r = 0.63, p < 0.001; vital CT tumor volume and metabolic PET tumor volume, r = 0.919, p < 0.001]. Conclusions In this study, a human xenograft tumor model with modifiable vascularization implementable for imaging, pharmacological, and radiation therapy studies was successfully established. Both [18F]FDG-PET/CT and CE-CT are capable to detect parameters closely connected to the degree of tumor vascularization, thus they can help to evaluate vascularization in tumors noninvasively. [18F]FDG-PET may be considered for characterization of tumors beyond pure glucose metabolism and have much greater contribution to diagnostics in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mirus
- Biological and Molecular Imaging, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Institution under Public Law of the Free State of Saxony, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey V Tokalov
- Biological and Molecular Imaging, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrij Abramyuk
- Biological and Molecular Imaging, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Heinold
- Biological and Molecular Imaging, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Municipal Hospital Dresden-Neustadt, Department of Neurology, Industriestraße 40, 01129, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vincent Prochnow
- Biological and Molecular Imaging, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Flemmingstraße 4, 09116, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Klaus Zöphel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nasreddin Abolmaali
- Biological and Molecular Imaging, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Radiology, Municipal Hospital and Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstraße 41, 01067, Dresden, Germany.
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Beinat C, Gowrishankar G, Shen B, Alam IS, Robinson E, Haywood T, Patel CB, Azevedo EC, Castillo JB, Ilovich O, Koglin N, Schmitt-Willich H, Berndt M, Mueller A, Zerna M, Srinivasan A, Gambhir SS. The Characterization of 18F-hGTS13 for Molecular Imaging of xC− Transporter Activity with PET. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1812-1817. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.225870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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32
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Flexibility in metabolism bestows tenacious viability on cancer. Life Sci 2018; 208:20-25. [PMID: 30146015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells display altered metabolism distinct from non-transformed cells, which is correlated closely with malignant biocharacteristics. Flexibility remains the central feature of metabolic alteration, enabling cancer cells to survive and thrive in the challenge of inner and outer environments. In this review, we summarise how cancer reprogrammes its metabolism nimbly and adaptively. To begin with, cancer cells adapt metabolism cunningly to supply sufficient materials and energy for infinite proliferation. Further, cancer cells harness metabolism to maintain appropriate cellular redox status, providing survival benefit rather than impairment on tumor growth. Moreover, cancer can switch between different metabolic types flexibly to handle harsh conditions like hypoxia, nutrient deficiency and metabolic inhibition on the journey for expansion. Last but not least, cancer coordinates metabolism of cancerous or stromal cells well to gain support and escape immune destruction. In a word, metabolic flexibility confers indomitable viability on cancer. Exploring such plasticity will help us gain new insights into cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapy.
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33
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Mankoff DA, Katz SI. PET imaging for assessing tumor response to therapy. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:362-373. [PMID: 29938396 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a radioisotope imaging technique capable of quantifying the regional distribution of molecular imaging probes targeted to biochemical pathways and processes allowing direct measurement of biochemical changes induced by cancer therapy, including the activity of targeted growth pathways and cellular populations. In this manuscript, we review the underlying principles of PET imaging, choices for PET radiopharmaceuticals, methods for tumor analysis and PET applications for cancer therapy response assessment including potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharyn I Katz
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Cassim S, Raymond VA, Dehbidi-Assadzadeh L, Lapierre P, Bilodeau M. Metabolic reprogramming enables hepatocarcinoma cells to efficiently adapt and survive to a nutrient-restricted microenvironment. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:903-916. [PMID: 29633904 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1460023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a metabolically heterogeneous cancer and the use of glucose by HCC cells could impact their tumorigenicity. Dt81Hepa1-6 cells display enhanced tumorigenicity compared to parental Hepa1-6 cells. This increased tumorigenicity could be explained by a metabolic adaptation to more restrictive microenvironments. When cultured at high glucose concentrations, Dt81Hepa1-6 displayed an increased ability to uptake glucose (P<0.001), increased expression of 9 glycolytic genes, greater GTP and ATP (P<0.001), increased expression of 7 fatty acid synthesis-related genes (P<0.01) and higher levels of Acetyl-CoA, Citrate and Malonyl-CoA (P<0.05). Under glucose-restricted conditions, Dt81Hepa1-6 used their stored fatty acids with increased expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes (P<0.01), decreased triglyceride content (P<0.05) and higher levels of GTP and ATP (P<0.01) leading to improved proliferation (P<0.05). Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase and aerobic glycolysis with sodium oxamate led to decreased expression of glycolytic genes, reduced lactate, GTP and ATP levels (P<0.01), increased cell doubling time (P<0.001) and reduced fatty acid synthesis. When combined with cisplatin, this inhibition led to lower cell viability and proliferation (P<0.05). This metabolic-induced tumorigenicity was also reflected in human Huh7 cells by a higher glucose uptake and proliferative capacity compared to HepG2 cells (P<0.05). In HCC patients, increased tumoral expression of Glut-1, Hexokinase II and Lactate dehydrogenase correlated with poor survival (P = 2.47E-5, P = 0.016 and P = 6.58E-5). In conclusion, HCC tumorigenicity can stem from a metabolic plasticity allowing them to thrive in a broader range of glucose concentrations. In HCC, combining glycolytic inhibitors with conventional chemotherapy could lead to improved treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- a Laboratoire d'hépatologie cellulaire , Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Valérie-Ann Raymond
- a Laboratoire d'hépatologie cellulaire , Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Layla Dehbidi-Assadzadeh
- a Laboratoire d'hépatologie cellulaire , Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- a Laboratoire d'hépatologie cellulaire , Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Département de médecine , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- a Laboratoire d'hépatologie cellulaire , Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Département de médecine , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
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Krishnan HS, Ma L, Vasdev N, Liang SH. 18 F-Labeling of Sensitive Biomolecules for Positron Emission Tomography. Chemistry 2017; 23:15553-15577. [PMID: 28704575 PMCID: PMC5675832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study of fluorine-18 labeled biomolecules is an emerging and rapidly growing area for preclinical and clinical research. The present review focuses on recent advances in radiochemical methods for incorporating fluorine-18 into biomolecules via "direct" or "indirect" bioconjugation. Recently developed prosthetic groups and pre-targeting strategies, as well as representative examples in 18 F-labeling of biomolecules in PET imaging research studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema S. Krishnan
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Longle Ma
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Li L, Eid JE, Paz AC, Trent JC. Metabolic Enzymes in Sarcomagenesis: Progress Toward Biology and Therapy. BioDrugs 2017; 31:379-392. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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37
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Zhang LF, Jiang S, Liu MF. MicroRNA regulation and analytical methods in cancer cell metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2929-2941. [PMID: 28321489 PMCID: PMC11107497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of glucose metabolism from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, is an anomalous characteristic of cancer cell metabolism. Recent studies have revealed a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs) that play critical roles in regulating the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. These miRNAs regulate cellular glucose metabolism by directly targeting multiple metabolic genes, including those encoding key glycolytic enzymes. In the first part of this review, we summarized the recent knowledge of miRNA regulation in the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells and discussed the potential utilization of the key miRNA regulators as metabolic targets for developing new antitumor agents. Then, we summarized recent advances in methods and techniques for studying miRNA regulation in cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fei Zhang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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38
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Use of confocal laser endomicroscopy with a fluorescently labeled fatty acid to diagnose colorectal neoplasms. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58934-58947. [PMID: 28938608 PMCID: PMC5601704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic treatment for early colorectal cancer closely correlates with patient prognosis. However, endoscopic differentiation between carcinomas and non-neoplastic lesions remains difficult. Here, we topically stained colorectal neoplasms with a fatty acid analogue (BODIPY-FA) and quantified the fluorescent signals using confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and fluorescence microscopy. We also analyzed protein expression in colorectal cancer tissues. We found that expression of fatty acid synthase was elevated, while the expression of fatty acid transporters was reduced in colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer mouse models and patients, the BODIPY-FA signals were higher in normal epithelia than in carcinomas or colonic intraepithelial neoplasias. BODIPY-FA staining revealed both the arrangement of intestinal glands and the intracellular structures under CLE screening. In a double-blind trial, CLE images stained with BODIPY-FA exhibited greater consistency (κ = 0.68) and overall validity (74.65%) than those stained using intravenous fluorescein sodium (κ = 0.43, 55.88%) when the results were compared with histological diagnoses. These findings suggest that topical use of BODIPY-FA with CLE is a promising imaging approach for early colorectal neoplasm screening.
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39
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Steinberg JD, Vogel W, Vegt E. Factors influencing brown fat activation in FDG PET/CT: a retrospective analysis of 15,000+ cases. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20170093. [PMID: 28590773 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown fat can exhibit high uptake of fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET) and interferes with interpretation of the scan. The goal of this study was to identify factors that may influence brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. METHODS A retrospective study of 18F-FDG PET scans was performed using a database of 15,109 PET/CT reports. BAT activation reported by nuclear medicine physicians and factors influencing BAT activation were gathered. The data were analyzed using in-house software. RESULTS The total reported BAT activation was 3.6%. BAT activation was reported significantly more often in patients who were female (p < 0.0001), younger (p < 0.0001), with lower body mass index (p < 0.0001), with lower blood glucose levels (p = 0.01), indicated for breast cancer (p = 0.004), not administered chemotherapy recently before the scan (p < 0.0001) and shown to have BAT activation in a previous scan (p < 0.0001). BAT activation was also reported significantly more for lower outdoor temperatures (p < 0.0001) and for late morning scans than for afternoon (p = 0.005) and early morning (p = 0.001) scans. CONCLUSION This retrospective study of 15,109 scans highlights multiple factors contributing to BAT activation on 18F-FDG PET. The identification of new factors influencing BAT and confirmation of previously identified factors with a larger data set can be used to more accurately identify patients at risk for BAT activation so that prevention strategies can be implemented. Advances in knowledge: This study presents new factors associated with higher incidence of BAT activation, such as time of day, previous BAT activation and breast cancer. Conversely, recent chemotherapy was associated with reduced incidence of BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Steinberg
- 1 Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Imaging Unit, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Vogel
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Vegt
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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40
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Li X, Tang S, Wang QQ, Leung ELH, Jin H, Huang Y, Liu J, Geng M, Huang M, Yuan S, Yao XJ, Ding J. Identification of Epigallocatechin-3- Gallate as an Inhibitor of Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:325. [PMID: 28611670 PMCID: PMC5447756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting metabolic enzymes is believed to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer therapy. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a glycolytic enzyme that importantly coordinates glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux and serine biosynthesis in cancer cells and hence gains increasing interest of inhibitor discovery. Only few PGAM1 inhibitors have been reported and the molecular potency remains very limited. In an effort to discover new PGAM1 inhibitors, we carried out a biochemical assay-based screen that was focused on natural products derived small molecule compounds. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major natural catechins of green tea extract, was identified as a PGAM1 inhibitor that was tremendously more potent than known PGAM1 inhibitors. Further studies combining molecular docking and site-specific mutagenesis revealed that EGCG inhibited PGAM1 enzymatic activity in a manner independent of substrate competition. EGCG modulated the intracellular level of 2-phosphoglycerate, impaired glycolysis and PPP and inhibited proliferation of cancer cells. This study suggested EGCG as a chemical scaffold for the discovery of potent PGAM1 inhibitors and gained mechanistic insights to understand the previously appreciated anticancer properties of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Elaine L-H Leung
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Hongyue Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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41
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Zhou J, Shen J, Seifer BJ, Jiang S, Wang J, Xiong H, Xie L, Wang L, Sui X. Approaches and genetic determinants in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:30477-30494. [PMID: 27802185 PMCID: PMC5444758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a major health burden worldwide. There is near-universal agreement that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a preferred management for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). However, the optimal approach for an individual patient is still not clear and remains controversial, which could be at least partly explained by the lack of predictive tools. The ability to predict chemosensitivity from NAC in routine clinical practice is difficult and is an area of intense investigation, especially in the Precision-Medicine Era. Available consistent evidence suggests that a favorable tumor histopathological response to NAC may be a useful positive prognostic marker in gastric cancer. Hence, it is reasonable to speculate that making the histopathological response from NAC predictable will dramatically facility the NAC and improve patients' outcome. This review provides an overview on the current status of predictive biomarkers for histopathological response from NAC in LAGC, including clinicopathological variables, imaging and molecular testing. Furthermore, limitations and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benjamin J. Seifer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingmin Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Vernieri C, Casola S, Foiani M, Pietrantonio F, de Braud F, Longo V. Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Dietary and Pharmacologic Interventions. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1315-1333. [PMID: 27872127 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most tumors display oncogene-driven reprogramming of several metabolic pathways, which are crucial to sustain their growth and proliferation. In recent years, both dietary and pharmacologic approaches that target deregulated tumor metabolism are beginning to be considered for clinical applications. Dietary interventions exploit the ability of nutrient-restricted conditions to exert broad biological effects, protecting normal cells, organs, and systems, while sensitizing a wide variety of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapies. On the other hand, drugs targeting enzymes or metabolites of crucial metabolic pathways can be highly specific and effective, but must be matched with a responsive tumor, which might rapidly adapt. In this review, we illustrate how dietary and pharmacologic therapies differ in their effect on tumor growth, proliferation, and metabolism and discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of or against each of them. We also indicate, when appropriate, how to optimize future investigations on metabolic therapies on the basis of tumor- and patient-related characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first review article that comprehensively analyzes the preclinical and preliminary clinical experimental foundations of both dietary and pharmacologic metabolic interventions in cancer therapy. Among several promising therapies, we propose treatment personalization on the basis of tumor genetics, tumor metabolism, and patient systemic metabolism.Cancer Discov; 6(12); 1315-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
The goal of individualized and targeted treatment and precision medicine requires the assessment of potential therapeutic targets to direct treatment selection. The biomarkers used to direct precision medicine, often termed companion diagnostics, for highly targeted drugs have thus far been almost entirely based on in vitro assay of biopsy material. Molecular imaging companion diagnostics offer a number of features complementary to those from in vitro assay, including the ability to measure the heterogeneity of each patient's cancer across the entire disease burden and to measure early changes in response to treatment. We discuss the use of molecular imaging methods as companion diagnostics for cancer therapy with the goal of predicting response to targeted therapy and measuring early (pharmacodynamic) response as an indication of whether the treatment has "hit" the target. We also discuss considerations for probe development for molecular imaging companion diagnostics, including both small-molecule probes and larger molecules such as labeled antibodies and related constructs. We then describe two examples where both predictive and pharmacodynamic molecular imaging markers have been tested in humans: endocrine therapy for breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-targeted therapy. The review closes with a summary of the items needed to move molecular imaging companion diagnostics from early studies into multicenter trials and into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Christine E Edmonds
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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44
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Rivlin M, Navon G. Glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine as new CEST MRI agents for molecular imaging of tumors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32648. [PMID: 27600054 PMCID: PMC5013519 DOI: 10.1038/srep32648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) as agents for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance molecular imaging of tumors is demonstrated. Both agents reflect the metabolic activity and malignancy of the tumors. The method was tested in two types of tumors implanted orthotopically in mice: 4T1 (mouse mammary cancer cells) and MCF7 (human mammary cancer cells). 4T1 is a more aggressive type of tumor than MCF7 and exhibited a larger CEST effect. Two methods of administration of the agents, intravenous (IV) and oral (PO), gave similar results. The CEST MRI observation of lung metastasis was confirmed by histology. The potential of the clinical application of CEST MRI with these agents for cancer diagnosis is strengthened by their lack of toxicity as can be indicated from their wide use as food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rivlin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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45
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Mitochondria, cholesterol and cancer cell metabolism. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:22. [PMID: 27455839 PMCID: PMC4960093 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the role of mitochondria in oxygen consumption, metabolism and cell death regulation, alterations in mitochondrial function or dysregulation of cell death pathways contribute to the genesis and progression of cancer. Cancer cells exhibit an array of metabolic transformations induced by mutations leading to gain-of-function of oncogenes and loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes that include increased glucose consumption, reduced mitochondrial respiration, increased reactive oxygen species generation and cell death resistance, all of which ensure cancer progression. Cholesterol metabolism is disturbed in cancer cells and supports uncontrolled cell growth. In particular, the accumulation of cholesterol in mitochondria emerges as a molecular component that orchestrates some of these metabolic alterations in cancer cells by impairing mitochondrial function. As a consequence, mitochondrial cholesterol loading in cancer cells may contribute, in part, to the Warburg effect stimulating aerobic glycolysis to meet the energetic demand of proliferating cells, while protecting cancer cells against mitochondrial apoptosis due to changes in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Further understanding the complexity in the metabolic alterations of cancer cells, mediated largely through alterations in mitochondrial function, may pave the way to identify more efficient strategies for cancer treatment involving the use of small molecules targeting mitochondria, cholesterol homeostasis/trafficking and specific metabolic pathways.
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46
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Haukaas TH, Euceda LR, Giskeødegård GF, Lamichhane S, Krohn M, Jernström S, Aure MR, Lingjærde OC, Schlichting E, Garred Ø, Due EU, Mills GB, Sahlberg KK, Børresen-Dale AL, Bathen TF. Metabolic clusters of breast cancer in relation to gene- and protein expression subtypes. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:12. [PMID: 27350877 PMCID: PMC4922058 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneous biology of breast cancer leads to high diversity in prognosis and response to treatment, even for patients with similar clinical diagnosis, histology, and stage of disease. Identifying mechanisms contributing to this heterogeneity may reveal new cancer targets or clinically relevant subgroups for treatment stratification. In this study, we have merged metabolite, protein, and gene expression data from breast cancer patients to examine the heterogeneity at a molecular level. METHODS The study included primary tumor samples from 228 non-treated breast cancer patients. High-resolution magic-angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR MAS MRS) was performed to extract the tumors metabolic profiles further used for hierarchical cluster analysis resulting in three significantly different metabolic clusters (Mc1, Mc2, and Mc3). The clusters were further combined with gene and protein expression data. RESULTS Our result revealed distinct differences in the metabolic profile of the three metabolic clusters. Among the most interesting differences, Mc1 had the highest levels of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and phosphocholine (PCho), Mc2 had the highest levels of glucose, and Mc3 had the highest levels of lactate and alanine. Integrated pathway analysis of metabolite and gene expression data uncovered differences in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism between the clusters. All three clusters had significant differences in the distribution of protein subtypes classified by the expression of breast cancer-related proteins. Genes related to collagens and extracellular matrix were downregulated in Mc1 and consequently upregulated in Mc2 and Mc3, underpinning the differences in protein subtypes within the metabolic clusters. Genetic subtypes were evenly distributed among the three metabolic clusters and could therefore contribute to additional explanation of breast cancer heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Three naturally occurring metabolic clusters of breast cancer were detected among primary tumors from non-treated breast cancer patients. The clusters expressed differences in breast cancer-related protein as well as genes related to extracellular matrix and metabolic pathways known to be aberrant in cancer. Analyses of metabolic activity combined with gene and protein expression provide new information about the heterogeneity of breast tumors and, importantly, the metabolic differences infer that the clusters may be susceptible to different metabolically targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje H. Haukaas
- />Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leslie R. Euceda
- />Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F. Giskeødegård
- />Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- />St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Santosh Lamichhane
- />Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Marit Krohn
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Jernström
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam R. Aure
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole C. Lingjærde
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Schlichting
- />Section for Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- />Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eldri U. Due
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- />Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kristine K. Sahlberg
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Research, Vestre Viken, Drammen, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone F. Bathen
- />Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - The Oslo Breast Cancer Consortium (OSBREAC)
- />Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Årslev, Denmark
- />Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Section for Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo Norway
- />Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- />Department of Research, Vestre Viken, Drammen, Norway
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47
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Hjelmeland A, Zhang J. Metabolic, autophagic, and mitophagic activities in cancer initiation and progression. Biomed J 2016; 39:98-106. [PMID: 27372165 PMCID: PMC5514543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion. These processes are driven by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote cancer initiation and progression. Contributing to genome changes are the regulation of oxidative stress and reactive species-induced damage to molecules and organelles. Redox regulation, metabolic plasticity, autophagy, and mitophagy play important and interactive roles in cancer hallmarks including sustained proliferation, activated invasion, and replicative immortality. However, the impact of these processes can differ depending on the signaling pathways altered in cancer, tumor type, tumor stage, and/or the differentiation state. Here, we highlight some of the representative studies on the impact of oxidative and nitrosative activities, mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and autophagy and mitophagy in the context of tumorigenesis. We discuss the implications of these processes for cellular activities in cancer for anti-cancer-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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48
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Weller A, O'Brien MER, Ahmed M, Popat S, Bhosle J, McDonald F, Yap TA, Du Y, Vlahos I, deSouza NM. Mechanism and non-mechanism based imaging biomarkers for assessing biological response to treatment in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 59:65-78. [PMID: 27016624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have expanded in the past decade to include a palate of targeted interventions such as high dose targeted thermal ablations, radiotherapy and growing platform of antibody and small molecule therapies and immunotherapies. Although these therapies have varied mechanisms of action, they often induce changes in tumour architecture and microenvironment such that response is not always accompanied by early reduction in tumour mass, and evaluation by criteria other than size is needed to report more effectively on response. Functional imaging techniques, which probe the tumour and its microenvironment through novel positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, offer more detailed insights into and quantitation of tumour response than is available on anatomical imaging alone. Use of these biomarkers, or other rational combinations as readouts of pathological response in NSCLC have potential to provide more accurate predictors of treatment outcomes. In this article, the robustness of the more commonly available positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging biomarker indices is examined and the evidence for their application in NSCLC is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weller
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - M E R O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - M Ahmed
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - S Popat
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - J Bhosle
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - F McDonald
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - T A Yap
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Y Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - I Vlahos
- Radiology Department, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - N M deSouza
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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49
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Ghosh M, Saha S, Dutta SK. 'Dual hit' metabolic modulator LDCA selectively kills cancer cells by efficient competitive inhibition of LDH-A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2401-4. [PMID: 26732434 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesize and elucidate the potential of a novel 'dual hit' molecule, LDCA, to constitutively block lactate dehydrogenase isoform-A (LDH-A) to selectively subvert apoptosis and rigorously attenuate breast tumor progression in a mouse model, comprehensively delineating the therapeutic prospectus of LDCA in the field of cancer metabolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisankar Ghosh
- Division of Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Suchandrima Saha
- Division of Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Dutta
- Division of Drug Development, Diagnostics and Biotechnology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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50
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Blatt S, Voelxen N, Sagheb K, Pabst AM, Walenta S, Schroeder T, Mueller-Klieser W, Ziebart T. Lactate as a predictive marker for tumor recurrence in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) post radiation: a prospective study over 15 years. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2097-2104. [PMID: 26728026 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lactate as a key regulator of the glycolytic phenotype has been recently described in fueling tumor growth and metastatic spread in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, in context of tumor recurrence following adjuvant radiation, the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. We therefore investigate the role of lactate towards radioresistance in HNSCC in this prospective study for the first time in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, we analyzed biopsies of primary squamous cell carcinoma after surgery and adjuvant irradiation in 17 patients. Tumor tissue levels of ATP, glucose, and lactate were detected using induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) and correlated with clinical data within an observation period of up to 15 years. RESULTS High amounts of lactate levels in tumors of HNSCC are significantly negatively correlated with overall patient survival. Moreover, high expression of lactate in a primary tumor site is significantly correlated with tumor recurrence post radiation, whereas ATP and/or glucose showed no such correlation. CONCLUSION Lactate can be seen not only as a waste product of altered glycolytic metabolism but also as a key master of malignancy as well as resistance mechanism towards irradiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE High expression of lactate levels in tumor tissue, obtained by metabolic bioluminescence imaging, may therefore serve as a predictor for overall and recurrence-free survival and could represent a future biomarker in the validation of adjuvant irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Blatt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nadine Voelxen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Keyvan Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Max Pabst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacherstr. 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Stefan Walenta
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thies Schroeder
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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