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Wan F, Zhu Y, Wu F, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Li H, Liang L, Qin L, Wang Q, He M. Retinol-binding protein 4 as a promising serum biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101979. [PMID: 38728873 PMCID: PMC11107351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is universally poor. Early diagnosis plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of HCC. METHODS We employed a comparative proteomics approach to identify potential biomarkers and validated the application of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) as a biomarker for HCC. RBP4 protein expression was examined in liver tissues from 80 HCC patients through immunohistochemical analysis. Serum RBP4 concentrations were measured by ELISA in a cohort comprising 290 HCC patients, matched 202 chronic hepatitis B patients and 269 healthy controls. Survival data were collected from HCC patients. The diagnostic and prognostic values of RBP4 were evaluated using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The validation results demonstrated a significant reduction in RBP4 levels in both liver tissues and serum samples from HCC patients. ROC analysis of the diagnostic value of RBP4 revealed an AUC of 0.879 (95 % CI: 0.854∼0.903) for HCC. When combined with AFP, the AUC increased to 0.919, with a sensitivity of 87.9 % and specificity of 80 %. Survival analysis revealed significantly reduced overall survival time in individuals with low-expression of RBP4 compared to those with high-expression. The joint prognostic model exhibited an AUC of 0.926 (95 % CI: 0.888∼0.964), which was significantly higher than that of AFP alone (AUC=0.809; P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS RBP4 shows a great potential as a biomarker with appreciable diagnostic value, complementing the AFP in HCC diagnosis. Additionally, it holds promise as a prognostic biomarker that, when integrated into a combined prognostic model, could greatly improve HCC prognosis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Wan
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Yujia Zhu
- Guigang Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, PR China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Xuejing Huang
- Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Guangxi Medical University Life Sciences Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, PR China
| | - Lifang Liang
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Lirong Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China.
| | - Min He
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China; Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, PR China.
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Huang C, Lu J, Yang J, Wang Z, Hang D, Fu Z. Associations of serum cystatin C concentrations with total mortality and mortality of 12 site-specific cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1209349. [PMID: 38725873 PMCID: PMC11079135 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1209349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cystatin C (CysC), beyond its biomarker role of renal function, has been implicated in various physical and pathological activities. However, the impact of serum CysC on cancer mortality in a general population remains unknown. We aimed to examine the associations of serum CysC concentrations with total mortality and mortality of 12 site-specific cancers. Methods We included 241,008 participants of the UK Biobank cohort with CysC measurements who had normal creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates and were free of cancer and renal diseases at baseline (2006-2010). Death information was obtained from the National Health Service death records through 28 February 2021. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) per one standard deviation increase in log-transformed CysC concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for mortality. Results Over a median follow-up of 12.1 (interquartile range, 11.3-12.8) years, 5,744 cancer deaths occurred. We observed a positive association between serum CysC concentrations and total cancer mortality (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.20). Specifically, participants with higher serum CysC concentrations had increased mortality due to lung cancer (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20), blood cancer (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44), brain cancer (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.36), esophageal cancer (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37), breast cancer (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), and liver cancer (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31-1.69). Conclusion Our findings indicate that higher CysC concentrations are associated with increased mortality due to lung, blood, brain, esophageal, breast, and liver cancers. Future studies are necessary to clarify underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Gao H, Xie C, Wang J, Ma J, Liu S, Xie L, Zheng Y, Dong R, Wang S, Fang Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Lu X, Li Y, Li W, Pan Q, Xu M, Gu S. PIVKA-II combined with alpha-fetoprotein for the diagnostic value of hepatic tumors in children: a multicenter, prospective observational study. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10668-4. [PMID: 38622445 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can improve the diagnostic and differential diagnostic accuracy of childhood hepatic tumors. METHODS A multi-center prospective observational study was performed at nine regional institutions around China. Children with hepatic mass (Group T) were divided into hepatoblastoma group (Group THB) and hemangioendothelioma group (Group THE), children with extrahepatic abdominal mass (Group C). Peripheral blood was collected from each patient prior to surgery or chemotherapy. The area under the curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PIVKA-II and the combined tumor markers with AFP. RESULTS The mean levels of PIVKA-II and AFP were both significantly higher in Group T than Group C (p = 0.001, p < 0.001), in Group THB than Group THE (p = 0.018, p = 0.013) and in advanced HB than non-advanced HB (p = 0.001, p = 0.021). For the diagnosis of childhood hepatic tumors, AUROC of PIVKA-II (cut-off value 32.6 mAU/mL) and AFP (cut-off value 120 ng/mL) was 0.867 and 0.857. The differential diagnostic value of PIVKA-II and AFP in hepatoblastoma from hemangioendothelioma was further assessed, AUROC of PIVKA-II (cut-off value 47.1mAU/mL) and AFP (cut-off value 560 ng/mL) was 0.876 and 0.743. The combined markers showed higher AUROC (0.891, 0.895 respectively) than PIVKA-II or AFP alone. CONCLUSIONS The serum level of PIVKA-II was significantly higher in children with hepatic tumors, especially those with malignant tumors. The combination of PIVKA-II with AFP further increased the diagnostic performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials, NCT03645655. Registered 20 August 2018, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03645655 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Gao
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chenjie Xie
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Department of Medical Affairs, Wuxidiagnotics, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yurui Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Xianying Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 519000, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Song Gu
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Fattahi M, Rahdan F, Shaterabadi D, Zamani Sani M, Alizadeh M, Khatami SH, Taheri-Anganeh M, Movahedpour A, Ghasemi H. MicroRNA biosensors for the detection of liver cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117796. [PMID: 38272250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the deadliest types worldwide and early diagnosis is highly important for successful treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop rapid, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools for its detection. MicroRNAs (miRNA) represent unique biomarkers whose expression in biofluids is strongly associated with cancer in general and miR-21, -31, -122, -145, -146a, -200c, -221, -222, and -223 in liver cancer, specifically. Various biosensors for miRNA detection have been developed. These include electrochemical biosensors based on amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric and impedimetric technology. Furthermore, the use of advanced nanomaterials with enhanced chemical stability, conductivity and electrocatalytic activity have greatly increased the sensitivity and specificity of these devices. The present review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for miRNA detection in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Fereshteh Rahdan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Donya Shaterabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani Sani
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Wei Y, Fu J, Zhang H, Ling Y, Tang X, Liu S, Yu M, Liu F, Zhuang G, Qian H, Zhang K, Yang P, Yang X, Yang Q, Ge S, Zhang B, Tan Y, Li L, Wang H. N6-methyladenosine modification promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through circ-CDYL-enriched and EpCAM-positive liver tumor-initiating exosomes. iScience 2023; 26:108022. [PMID: 37954137 PMCID: PMC10638478 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs play multiple roles in a variety of cellular processes. We found that Circ-CDYL is highly enriched in early HCC plasma exosomes. Moreover, EpCAM+ HCC cells and exosomes had significant Circ-CDYL levels. We postulated that Circ-CDYL-enriched and EpCAM-positive exosomes would function as liver tumor-initiating exosomes (LTi-Exos). As predicted, intercellular transfer of LTi-Exos activates the HDGF-PI3K-AKT-mTOR and HIF1AN-NOTCH2 axes in recipient cells, promoting malignancy. Upstream, we found that the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of Circ-CDYL exerted its action in HCC cells through a dual mechanism. First, it stimulated back-splicing processes via YTHDC1 to promote Circ-CDYL biogenesis. Second, it facilitates the active sorting of Circ-CDYL into exosomes via hnRNPA2/B1. Clinically, the combination of LTi-Exos and plasma alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) provides a promising early diagnostic biomarker for HCC with an AUC of 0.896. This study highlights the effect and mechanism by which m6A modification promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via modulation of the tumor microenvironment by LTi-Exos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wei
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingbo Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewu Tang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuowu Liu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyan Liu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Guokun Zhuang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Qian
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinhua Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Shennian Ge
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yexiong Tan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Li
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepato-biliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xu M, Yang A, Xia J, Jiang J, Liu CF, Ye Z, Ma J, Yang S. Protein glycosylation in urine as a biomarker of diseases. Transl Res 2023; 253:95-107. [PMID: 35952983 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human body fluids have become an indispensable resource for clinical research, diagnosis and prognosis. Urine is widely used to discover disease-specific glycoprotein biomarkers because of its recurrently non-invasive collection and disease-indicating properties. While urine is an unstable fluid in that its composition changes with ingested nutrients and further as it is excreted through micturition, urinary proteins are more stable and their abnormal glycosylation is associated with diseases. It is known that aberrant glycosylation can define tumor malignancy and indicate disease initiation and progression. However, a thorough and translational survey of urinary glycosylation in diseases has not been performed. In this article, we evaluate the clinical applications of urine, introduce methods for urine glycosylation analysis, and discuss urine glycoprotein biomarkers. We emphasize the importance of mining urinary glycoproteins and searching for disease-specific glycosylation in various diseases (including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and viral infections). With advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics/glycoproteomics/glycopeptidomics, characterization of disease-specific glycosylation will optimistically lead to the discovery of disease-related urinary biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arthur Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Autoantibodies to PAX5, PTCH1, and GNA11 as Serological Biomarkers in the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanic Americans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043721. [PMID: 36835134 PMCID: PMC9959316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) may be used as efficient biomarkers with low-cost and highly sensitive characteristics. In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to analyze autoantibodies to paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5), protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1), and guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 (GNA11) in sera from Hispanic Americans including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), as well as normal controls. Meanwhile, 33 serial sera from eight HCC patients before and after diagnosis were used to explore the potential of these three autoantibodies as early biomarkers. In addition, an independent non-Hispanic cohort was used to evaluate the specificity of these three autoantibodies. In the Hispanic cohort, at the 95.0% specificity for healthy controls, 52.0%, 44.0%, and 44.0% of HCC patients showed significantly elevated levels of autoantibodies to PAX5, PTCH1, and GNA11, respectively. Among patients with LC, the frequencies for autoantibodies to PAX5, PTCH1, and GNA11 were 32.1%, 35.7%, and 25.0%, respectively. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of autoantibodies to PAX5, PTCH1, and GNA11 for identifying HCC from healthy controls were 0.908, 0.924, and 0.913, respectively. When these three autoantibodies were combined as a panel, the sensitivity could be improved to 68%. The prevalence of PAX5, PTCH1, and GNA11 autoantibodies has already occurred in 62.5%, 62.5%, or 75.0% of patients before clinical diagnosis, respectively. In the non-Hispanic cohort, autoantibodies to PTCH1 showed no significant difference; however, autoantibodies to PAX5, PTCH1, and GNA11 showed potential value as biomarkers for early detection of HCC in the Hispanic population and they may monitor the transition of patients with high-risk (LC, CH) to HCC. Using a panel of the three anti-TAA autoantibodies may enhance the detection of HCC.
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Wen X, Pu H, Liu Q, Guo Z, Luo D. Circulating Tumor DNA-A Novel Biomarker of Tumor Progression and Its Favorable Detection Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6025. [PMID: 36551512 PMCID: PMC9775401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The diagnostic techniques for tumors mainly include tumor biomarker detection, instrumental examination, and tissue biopsy. In recent years, liquid technology represented by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gradually replaced traditional technology with its advantages of being non-invasive and accurate, its high specificity, and its high sensitivity. ctDNA may carry throughout the circulatory system through tumor cell necrosis, apoptosis, circulating exosome secretion, etc., carrying the characteristic changes in tumors, such as mutation, methylation, microsatellite instability, gene rearrangement, etc. In this paper, ctDNA mutation and methylation, as the objects to describe the preparation process before ctDNA analysis, and the detection methods of two gene-level changes, including a series of enrichment detection techniques derived from PCR, sequencing-based detection techniques, and comprehensive detection techniques, are combined with new materials. In addition, the role of ctDNA in various stages of cancer development is summarized, such as early screening, diagnosis, molecular typing, prognosis prediction, recurrence monitoring, and drug guidance. In summary, ctDNA is an ideal biomarker involved in the whole process of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Wen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Huijie Pu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zifen Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
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Hadi H, Wan Shuaib WMA, Raja Ali RA, Othman H. Utility of PIVKA-II and AFP in Differentiating Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Non-Malignant High-Risk Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081015. [PMID: 36013482 PMCID: PMC9416286 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: We aim to compare the diagnostic performance of Protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II), a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in differentiating HCC and non-malignant high-risk (NMHR) groups and to determine their cut-off values. Materials and Methods: A total of 163 patients, including 40 with HCC and 123 with NMHR (100 with liver cirrhosis and 23 with non-cirrhotic high-risk patients) were prospectively enrolled. The levels of AFP and PIVKA-II were measured, and their cut-off values were determined. We calculated and compared the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of PIVKA-II, AFP, and their combination. Results: The levels of PIVKA-II and AFP were found to be significantly higher in the HCC compared to NMHR patients (p < 0.0001). For the differentiation of HCC from NMHR, the optimal cutoff values for PIVKA-II and AFP were 36.7 mAU/mL (90% sensitivity; 82.1% specificity) and 14.2 ng/mL (75% sensitivity; 93.5% specificity), respectively. The AUROC of PIVKA-II (0.905, p < 0.0001) was higher compared to AFP (0.869, p < 0.0001), but the combination of PIVKA−II and AFP gave the highest AUROC value (0.911, p < 0.0001). However, their differences were not statistically significant (AFP vs. PIVKA; p = 0.4775, AFP vs. Combination; p = 0.3808, PIVKA vs. Combination; p = 0.2268). Conclusions: PIVKA-II and AFP showed equal performance in detecting HCC in high-risk patients. AFP as a screening marker for HCC may be adequate, and replacing or adding the PIVKA-II test in current clinical practice may be of little value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Wan Muhammad Azfar Wan Shuaib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9145-9502
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Hanita Othman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (H.O.)
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10
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Harimoto N, Araki K, Yamanaka T, Hagiwara K, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Watanabe A, Takizawa M, Yokobori T, Shirabe K. The ratio of creatinine and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rates as a surrogate marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatic resection. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2022; 29:964-973. [PMID: 35543073 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of creatinine and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRcre/eGFRcys) is significantly positively correlated with sarcopenia. However, there are no published reports on the relationship between eGFRcre/eGFRcys and long-term prognosis in patients after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS 157 patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for HCC were retrospectively reviewed. Cystatin C levels were measured in serum samples that had been frozen after collection at surgery. We aimed to investigate the significance of cystatin C in prognostic value following hepatic resection for HCC. RESULTS The best cut-off eGFRcre/eGFRcys value for overall survival after hepatic resection for HCC was 1.0025. High eGFRcre/eGFRcys was significantly associated with poor liver function, low skeletal muscle mass, large tumor size, large ascitic volume, worse overall and recurrence-free survival. The eGFRcre/eGFRcys was significantly related to severe recurrence patterns (multiple liver recurrences, distant metastasis). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative eGFRcre/eGFRcys can predict overall and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients undergoing hepatic resection. The eGFRcre/eGFRcys is a simple and reliable surrogate marker that indicate for eligibility for hepatic resection for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Harimoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makiko Takizawa
- Department of Healthcare Quality and Safety, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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11
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Jin X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. Expression and Clinical Values of Serum miR-155 and miR-224 in Chinese Patients with HCV Infection. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1393-1403. [PMID: 35173476 PMCID: PMC8843352 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s344345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of serum miR-155 and miR-224 among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and analyze their clinical values. Methods A total of 116 patients suffering from HCV infection admitted to our hospital and 70 healthy subjects were selected. According to the diagnostic results, patients with HCV infection were divided into 48 cases of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 43 cases of liver cirrhosis and 25 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression signature for miR-155 and miR-224 was detected in serum samples. ROC curve and Pearson correlation test were conducted to investigate their diagnostic value and correlation. Results The expression extent for serum miR-155 and miR-224 increased along with the increase of malignancy (all P < 0.05). According to ROC curve, the area under the curve (0.918, 95% CI: 0.856–0.974) of miR-155 and miR-224 combined in the diagnosis of HCC was the largest, and its sensitivity and specificity were 93.0% and 86.2%. There is a positive relationship for expression level between miR-155 and miR-224 in CHC and HCC group (all P < 0.001). Conclusion miR-155 and miR-224 are remarkably increased in patients suffering from HCV infection. The combination of miR-155 and miR-224 has a good diagnostic value for HCC caused by HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Hui Wang, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215000, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8613913594769, Email
| | - Youtao Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Youtao Zhang, Center of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215000, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8617710114047, Email
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12
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ONAN E, AKKIZ H, SANDIKCI MU, ÜSKÜDAR O, ÖZTÜRK AB. Importance of circulating microRNA-122 for hepatocellular carcinoma. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.934776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a High-Risk Population by a Mass Spectrometry-Based Test. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133109. [PMID: 34206321 PMCID: PMC8268628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide, but unfortunately, current technology has a limited ability to detect it early in high-risk patients. This study investigates a machine learning algorithm based on protein levels in the blood that can be used to help with diagnosis. The test shows promising results, especially in patients with smaller tumors and compared to current blood detection tests. This research suggests an important role in the future for machine learning algorithm-based blood detection tests. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the fastest growing causes of cancer-related death. Guidelines recommend obtaining a screening ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) every 6 months in at-risk adults. AFP as a screening biomarker is plagued by low sensitivity/specificity, prompting interest in discovering alternatives. Mass spectrometry-based techniques are promising in their ability to identify potential biomarkers. This study aimed to use machine learning utilizing spectral data and AFP to create a model for early detection. Serum samples were collected from three separate cohorts, and data were compiled to make Development, Internal Validation, and Independent Validation sets. AFP levels were measured, and Deep MALDI® analysis was used to generate mass spectra. Spectral data were input into the VeriStrat® classification algorithm. Machine learning techniques then classified each sample as “Cancer” or “No Cancer”. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were >80% to detect HCC. High specificity of the test was independent of cause and severity of underlying disease. When compared to AFP, there was improved cancer detection for all tumor sizes, especially small lesions. Overall, a machine learning algorithm incorporating mass spectral data and AFP values from serum samples offers a novel approach to diagnose HCC. Given the small sample size of the Independent Validation set, a further independent, prospective study is warranted.
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14
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Xie Q, Liu L, Chen X, Cheng Y, Li J, Zhang X, Xu N, Han Y, Liu H, Wei L, Peng J, Shen A. Identification of Cysteine Protease Inhibitor CST2 as a Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:5144-5152. [PMID: 34335931 PMCID: PMC8317524 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Additional biomarkers for the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be identified. Hence, the current study aimed to identify potential diagnostic markers for CRC. Analyses of cysteine protease inhibitor [cystatins (CSTs)] expression in CRC samples and its correlation with cancer stage or survival in patients with CRC demonstrated that CRC tissues had greater CST1 and CST2 mRNA expression compared to noncancerous adjacent tissues, while higher CST2 mRNA expression in CRC tissues was correlated with advanced stages and disease-free survival in patients with CRC, encouraging further exploration on the role of CST2 in CRC. Through an online database search and tissue microarray (TMA), we confirmed that CRC samples had higher CST2 expression compared to noncancerous adjacent tissue or normal colorectal tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. TMA also revealed that colorectal adenoma, CRC, and metastatic CRC tissues exhibited a significantly increased CST2 protein expression. Accordingly, survival analysis demonstrated that the increase in CST2 protein expression was correlated with shorter overall survival of patients with CRC. Moreover, our results found a significant upregulation of CST2 in multiple cancer tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential role of CST2 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Nanhui Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yuying Han
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Colli A, Nadarevic T, Miletic D, Giljaca V, Fraquelli M, Štimac D, Casazza G. Abdominal ultrasound and alpha-foetoprotein for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 4:CD013346. [PMID: 33855699 PMCID: PMC8078581 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013346.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs mostly in people with chronic liver disease and ranks sixth in terms of global instances of cancer, and fourth in terms of cancer deaths for men. Despite that abdominal ultrasound (US) is used as an initial test to exclude the presence of focal liver lesions and serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) measurement may raise suspicion of HCC occurrence, further testing to confirm diagnosis as well as staging of HCC is required. Current guidelines recommend surveillance programme using US, with or without AFP, to detect HCC in high-risk populations despite the lack of clear benefits on overall survival. Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of US and AFP may clarify whether the absence of benefit in surveillance programmes could be related to under-diagnosis. Therefore, assessment of the accuracy of these two tests for diagnosing HCC in people with chronic liver disease, not included in surveillance programmes, is needed. OBJECTIVES Primary: the diagnostic accuracy of US and AFP, alone or in combination, for the diagnosis of HCC of any size and at any stage in adults with chronic liver disease, either in a surveillance programme or in a clinical setting. Secondary: to assess the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal US and AFP, alone or in combination, for the diagnosis of resectable HCC; to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the individual tests versus the combination of both tests; to investigate sources of heterogeneity in the results. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Diagnostic-Test-Accuracy Studies Register, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded, until 5 June 2020. We applied no language or document-type restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of US and AFP, independently or in combination, for the diagnosis of HCC in adults with chronic liver disease, with cross-sectional and case-control designs, using one of the acceptable reference standards, such as pathology of the explanted liver, histology of resected or biopsied focal liver lesion, or typical characteristics on computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, all with a six-months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns, using the QUADAS-2 checklist. We presented the results of sensitivity and specificity, using paired forest-plots, and tabulated the results. We used a hierarchical meta-analysis model where appropriate. We presented uncertainty of the accuracy estimates using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We double-checked all data extractions and analyses. MAIN RESULTS We included 373 studies. The index-test was AFP (326 studies, 144,570 participants); US (39 studies, 18,792 participants); and a combination of AFP and US (eight studies, 5454 participants). We judged at high-risk of bias all but one study. Most studies used different reference standards, often inappropriate to exclude the presence of the target condition, and the time-interval between the index test and the reference standard was rarely defined. Most studies with AFP had a case-control design. We also had major concerns for the applicability due to the characteristics of the participants. As the primary studies with AFP used different cut-offs, we performed a meta-analysis using the hierarchical-summary-receiver-operating-characteristic model, then we carried out two meta-analyses including only studies reporting the most used cut-offs: around 20 ng/mL or 200 ng/mL. AFP cut-off 20 ng/mL: for HCC (147 studies) sensitivity 60% (95% CI 58% to 62%), specificity 84% (95% CI 82% to 86%); for resectable HCC (six studies) sensitivity 65% (95% CI 62% to 68%), specificity 80% (95% CI 59% to 91%). AFP cut-off 200 ng/mL: for HCC (56 studies) sensitivity 36% (95% CI 31% to 41%), specificity 99% (95% CI 98% to 99%); for resectable HCC (two studies) one with sensitivity 4% (95% CI 0% to 19%), specificity 100% (95% CI 96% to 100%), and one with sensitivity 8% (95% CI 3% to 18%), specificity 100% (95% CI 97% to 100%). US: for HCC (39 studies) sensitivity 72% (95% CI 63% to 79%), specificity 94% (95% CI 91% to 96%); for resectable HCC (seven studies) sensitivity 53% (95% CI 38% to 67%), specificity 96% (95% CI 94% to 97%). Combination of AFP (cut-off of 20 ng/mL) and US: for HCC (six studies) sensitivity 96% (95% CI 88% to 98%), specificity 85% (95% CI 73% to 93%); for resectable HCC (two studies) one with sensitivity 89% (95% CI 73% to 97%), specificity of 83% (95% CI 76% to 88%), and one with sensitivity 79% (95% CI 54% to 94%), specificity 87% (95% CI 79% to 94%). The observed heterogeneity in the results remains mostly unexplained, and only in part referable to different cut-offs or settings (surveillance programme compared to clinical series). The sensitivity analyses, excluding studies published as abstracts, or with case-control design, showed no variation in the results. We compared the accuracy obtained from studies with AFP (cut-off around 20 ng/mL) and US: a direct comparison in 11 studies (6674 participants) showed a higher sensitivity of US (81%, 95% CI 66% to 90%) versus AFP (64%, 95% CI 56% to 71%) with similar specificity: US 92% (95% CI 83% to 97%) versus AFP 89% (95% CI 79% to 94%). A direct comparison of six studies (5044 participants) showed a higher sensitivity (96%, 95% CI 88% to 98%) of the combination of AFP and US versus US (76%, 95% CI 56% to 89%) with similar specificity: AFP and US 85% (95% CI 73% to 92%) versus US 93% (95% CI 80% to 98%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the clinical pathway for the diagnosis of HCC in adults, AFP and US, singularly or in combination, have the role of triage-tests. We found that using AFP, with 20 ng/mL as a cut-off, about 40% of HCC occurrences would be missed, and with US alone, more than a quarter. The combination of the two tests showed the highest sensitivity and less than 5% of HCC occurrences would be missed with about 15% of false-positive results. The uncertainty resulting from the poor study quality and the heterogeneity of included studies limit our ability to confidently draw conclusions based on our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Colli
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Tin Nadarevic
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Damir Miletic
- Department of Radiology , Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanja Giljaca
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mirella Fraquelli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca´ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davor Štimac
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Giovanni Casazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Feng H, Li B, Li Z, Wei Q, Ren L. PIVKA-II serves as a potential biomarker that complements AFP for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 33849479 PMCID: PMC8045263 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system and has high morbidity and mortality rates. It is essential to search new biomarkers to improve the accuracy of early HCC diagnosis. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic value of prothrombin induced by vitamin K deficiency or antagonist- II (PIVKA-II) as a potential biomarker that complements α-fetoprotein (AFP) in HCC by detecting the serum PIVKA-II levels. METHODS Serum PIVKA-II levels were compared in 168 HCC patients, 150 benign liver disease patients and 153 healthy controls to investigate the PIVKA-II potential to be a HCC biomarker. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the value of PIVKA-II in the diagnosis of HCC and its complementary role of AFP. The correlation between serum PIVKA-II levels and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed to study the value of PIVKA-II in assessing HCC progression and prognosis. Finally, the ability of PIVKA-II in assessing the surgical treatment effects of HCC was studied by comparing the pre- and post-operative serum PIVKA-II levels in 89 HCC patients. RESULTS Serum PIVKA-II levels in HCC patients were significantly higher than that in patients with benign liver disease and healthy controls. The PIVKA-II performance in the diagnosing HCC as an individual biomarker was remarkable. The combined detection of PIVKA-II and AFP improved the diagnostic efficiency of HCC. PIVKA-II retained significant diagnosis capabilities for AFP-negative HCC patients. Significant correlations were found between PIVKA-II expression levels and some clinicopathological characteristics, including tumor size, tumor stage, tumor metastasis, differentiation degree and complications. PIVKA-II expression obviously decreased after surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS PIVKA-II is a promising serum biomarker for the HCC diagnosis that can be used as a supplement for AFP. The combined diagnosis of the two markers greatly improved the diagnostic efficiency of HCC. The PIVKA-II levels in HCC patients were widely associated with clinicopathological characteristics representing tumor cell dissemination and/or poor prognosis. PIVKA-II can be used to evaluate the curative effects of HCC resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Feng
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bole Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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17
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Cheng N, Fu J, Chen D, Chen S, Wang H. An antibody-free liver cancer screening approach based on nanoplasmonics biosensing chips via spectrum-based deep learning. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:100296. [PMID: 35559784 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical needs of rapidly screening liver cancer in large populations have asked for a facile and low-cost point-of-care testing (POCT) method. We present a nanoplasmonics biosensing chip (NBC) that would empower antibody-free detection with simplified analysis procedures for POCT. The cheaply fabricable NBC consists of multiple silver nanoparticle-decorated ZnO nanorods on cellulose filter paper and would enable one-drop blood tests through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. In this work, utilizing such an NBC and deep neural network (DNN) modeling, a direct serological detection platform was constructed for automatically identifying liver cancer within minutes. This chip could enhance Raman signals enough to be applied to POCT. A classification DNN model was established by spectrum-based deep learning with 1140 serum SERS spectra in equal proportions from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and healthy individuals, achieving an identification accuracy of 91% on an external validation set of 100 spectra (50 HCC versus 50 healthy). The intelligent platform, based on the biosensing chip and DNN, has the potential for clinical applications and generalizable use in quickly screening or detecting other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningtao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, PR China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, PR China
| | - Dajing Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, PR China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, PR China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, PR China; International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, PR China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
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18
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Cho HJ, Baek GO, Seo CW, Ahn HR, Sung S, Son JA, Kim SS, Cho SW, Jang JW, Nam SW, Cheong JY, Eun JW. Exosomal microRNA-4661-5p-based serum panel as a potential diagnostic biomarker for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5459-5472. [PMID: 32537885 PMCID: PMC7402848 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a reliable serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been established, particularly for early-stage HCC (single tumor < 2 cm). We aimed to investigate diagnostic serum exosomal microRNA (exo-miR) panel for early-stage HCC. Driver oncogenic miR (onco-miR) candidates were selected by integrative analysis of miR expression profiles from three different RNA sequencing datasets of human HCC. Expressions of selected onco-miRs in serum exosome were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Diagnostic performances of serum exo-miRs for HCC were evaluated in the test cohort (N = 24) and validation cohort (N = 144). Serum exo-miR panels were developed using a logistic regression model, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated. Six promising driver onco-miRs, including miR-25-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-423-3p, miR-1269a, miR-4661-5p, and miR-4746-5p, were identified by integrative analysis of three different RNA sequencing datasets. Among the six candidates, four serum exo-miRs (miR-25-3p, miR-1269a, miR-4661-5p, and miR-4746-5p) showed promising performance in the test cohort with area under the receiving operator curve (AUROC) >0.8. In our validation study, serum exo-miR-4661-5p could diagnose HCC in all stages (AUROC = 0.917), even in early stage (AUROC = 0.923), with a greater accuracy than other candidate serum exo-miRs and serum AFP. The panel composed of exo-miR-4661-5p and exo-miR-4746-5p was identified as the most accurate biomarker for early-stage HCC (AUROC = 0.947, 95% confidence interval = 0.889-0.980, sensitivity = 81.8%, and specificity = 91.7%). In conclusion, exo-miR-4661-5p-based serum panel is a promising diagnostic marker for early-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Geum Ok Baek
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Chul Won Seo
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Hye Ri Ahn
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Suna Sung
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Ju A Son
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Soon Sun Kim
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Sung Won Cho
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Functional RNomics Research CenterThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health SciencesGraduate School of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of GastroenterologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
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Thymoquinone potentiates miR-16 and miR-375 expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2020; 254:117794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Guo L, Wang Z, Du Y, Mao J, Zhang J, Yu Z, Guo J, Zhao J, Zhou H, Wang H, Gu Y, Li Y. Random-forest algorithm based biomarkers in predicting prognosis in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:251. [PMID: 32565735 PMCID: PMC7302385 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) one of the most common digestive system tumors, threatens the tens of thousands of people with high morbidity and mortality world widely. The purpose of our study was to investigate the related genes of HCC and discover their potential abilities to predict the prognosis of the patients. Methods We obtained RNA sequencing data of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and performed analysis on protein coding genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted to discover biological functions of DEGs. Protein and protein interaction (PPI) was performed to investigate hub genes. In addition, a method of supervised machine learning, recursive feature elimination (RFE) based on random forest (RF) classifier, was used to screen for significant biomarkers. And the basic experiment was conducted by lab, we constructe a clinical patients’ database, and obtained the data and results of immunohistochemistry. Results We identified five biomarkers with significantly high expression to predict survival risk of the HCC patients. These prognostic biomarkers included SPC25, NUF2, MCM2, BLM and AURKA. We also defined a risk score model with these biomarkers to identify the patients who is in high risk. In our single-center experiment, 95 pairs of clinical samples were used to explore the expression levels of NUF2 and BLM in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that NUF2 and BLM were significantly up-regulated in immunohistochemical staining. High expression levels of NUF2 and BLM indicated poor prognosis. Conclusion Our investigation provided novel prognostic biomarkers and model in HCC and aimed to improve the understanding of HCC. In the results obtained, we also conducted a part of experiments to verify the theory described earlier, The experimental results did verify our theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Jie Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Jiwu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Huinian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Haitao Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Yanmei Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
| | - Yumin Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030 Gansu China
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Chen S, Li J, Tan X, Xu Q, Mo Y, Qin H, Zhou L, Ma L, Wei Z. Clinical role of combining alpha-fetoprotein and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from literature and an original study. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23262. [PMID: 32167614 PMCID: PMC7370718 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy of the combination of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of AFP/total AFP (AFP‐L3%) for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A comprehensive and systemic literature search was executed in Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library websites. Then, the related articles were reviewed and the quality of included studies was evaluated with the QUADAS tool. Further, serum samples were collected from 49 HCC patients, 52 cirrhosis patients, 47 hepatitis patients, and 48 healthy controls and these samples were tested for AFP and AFP‐L3% levels. Results A total of 16 eligible articles were included in our meta‐analysis. The overall sensitivity (SEN) of AFP + AFP‐L3% was higher than that of AFP or AFP‐L3 alone; the overall specificity (SPE) of AFP + AFP‐L3% was lower than that of AFP or AFP‐L3 alone. In the original study, the related statistics were, respectively, SEN = 0.592 and SPE = 0.918 for AFP; SEN = 0.367 and SPE = 1.000 for AFP‐L3%; and SEN = 0.592 and SPE = 0.918 for the combination. Conclusion The results of meta‐analysis indicate there is a beneficial effect of using the unity of AFP and AFP‐L3% for HCC diagnosing. However, in the original study, just for the results of sensitivity and specificity, there is no significant difference between AFP alone and AFP + AFP‐L3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuncong Mo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongyan Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingxiu Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixiao Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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22
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Ziogas IA, Sioutas G, Mylonas KS, Tsoulfas G. Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microrna 2020; 9:25-40. [PMID: 31218966 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190619155406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and comes third in cancer-induced mortality. The need for improved and more specific diagnostic methods that can detect early-stage disease is immense, as it is amenable to curative modalities, while advanced HCC is associated with low survival rates. microRNA (miRNA) expression is deregulated in HCC and this can be implemented both diagnostically and therapeutically. OBJECTIVE To provide a concise review on the role of miRNA in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HCC. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed bibliographic database. RESULTS Multiple miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. Measurement of the levels of these miRNAs either in tumor tissue or in the blood constitutes a promising diagnostic, as well as prognostic tool. OncomiRs are miRNAs that promote tumorigenesis, thus inhibiting them by administering antagomiRs is a promising treatment option. Moreover, replacement of the depleted miRNAs is another potential therapeutic approach for HCC. Modification of miRNA levels may also regulate sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION miRNA play a pivotal role in HCC pathogenesis and once the underlying mechanisms are elucidated, they will become part of everyday clinical practice against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Ziogas
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sioutas
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsoulfas
- 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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El-Ahwany EGE, Mourad L, Zoheiry MMK, Abu-Taleb H, Hassan M, Atta R, Hassanien M, Zada S. MicroRNA-122a as a non-invasive biomarker for HCV genotype 4-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1454-1461. [PMID: 31749873 PMCID: PMC6855160 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection persists in most infected individuals and can lead to the development of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in various liver diseases, especially HCC. The expression profiles of circulating microRNAs have been studied aiming at the identification of novel non-invasive biomarkers. This study aims to develop a non-invasive diagnostic tool based on measuring the serum levels of different miRNAs in order to detect HCV-induced HCC at the early stages of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five main miRNAs (miRNA-122a, miRNA-125a, miRNA-139, miRNA-145, and miRNA-199a) were selected according to the literature that demonstrated their unique expression pattern during HCC development. Serum samples were collected from 42 cases of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) without cirrhosis, 45 cases of CHC with cirrhosis (LC), 38 cases of HCC with HCV, and 40 healthy individuals serving as a control. The five miRNAs were measured using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The conventional HCC markers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) were measured with commercial kits. RESULTS Serum levels of miRNA-122a, miRNA-125a, miRNA-139, miRNA-145, and miRNA-199a were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in HCC than in CHC and LC groups. As a single marker, miRNA-122a had the highest sensitivity for HCC, followed by miRNA-199a, miRNA-145, miRNA-139, and miRNA-125a. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that measurement of serum levels of miRNA-122a, miRNA-125a, miRNA-139, miRNA-145, and miRNA-199a can differentiate HCC from CHC and LC. Our results suggest that serum miR-122 might serve as a novel and potential noninvasive biomarker for HCV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lobna Mourad
- Department of Biology, The American University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. K. Zoheiry
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda Abu-Taleb
- Department of Environmental Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Raafat Atta
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moataz Hassanien
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Suher Zada
- Department of Biology, The American University, Cairo, Egypt
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Badr EA, Korah TE, Ghani AA, El-Sayed S, Badr S. Role of serum glypican-3 in the diagnosis and differentiation of small hepatocellular carcinoma from hepatitis-C virus cirrhosis. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A.E. Badr
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Tarek E. Korah
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | | | - Sawsan El-Sayed
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Safaa Badr
- Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
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Zhou X, Wang X, Huang K, Liao X, Yang C, Yu T, Liu J, Han C, Zhu G, Su H, Qin W, Han Q, Liu Z, Huang J, Gong Y, Ye X, Peng T. Investigation of the clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanisms of cystatin genes in patients with hepatitis B virus‑related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:189-201. [PMID: 31115549 PMCID: PMC6549101 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanism of cystatin (CST) genes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of CST genes in the molecular mechanism of HCC was revealed through bioinformatics analysis. The clinical significance of CST genes was investigated using GSE14520-derived data from patients with HBV-related HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify pathways in which the CST genes were enriched, as well as the association between these pathways and HCC. The expression levels of CST1, CST2, CST5, CSTA and CSTB genes were higher in HCC tissue compared with in normal tissue; conversely, CST3 and CST7 were reduced in HCC tissue. Subsequent receiver operating characteristic analysis of the CST genes demonstrated that CST7 and CSTB genes may function as potential diagnostic markers for HCC. Furthermore, the expression levels of CST6 and CST7 were strongly associated with recurrence-free survival and overall survival of patients with HBV-related HCC. GSEA of the CST genes revealed that CST7 was significantly enriched in tumor evasion and tolerogenicity, cancer progenitors, liver cancer late recurrence, liver cancer progression and several liver cancer subclasses. In addition, CST genes demonstrated homology in terms of protein structure and were revealed to be strongly co-expressed. The present findings suggested that CST7 and CSTB genes may serve as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jianlv Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Cystatins in cancer progression: More than just cathepsin inhibitors. Biochimie 2019; 166:233-250. [PMID: 31071357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystatins are endogenous and reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are important players in cancer progression. Besides their primary role as regulators of cysteine peptidase activity, cystatins are involved in cancer development and progression through proteolysis-independent mechanisms. Mechanistic studies of cystatin function revealed that they affect all stages of cancer progression including tumor growth, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Recently, the involvement of cystatins in the antitumor immune responses was reported. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms and clinical aspects of cystatins in cancer. Altered expression of cystatins in cancer resulting in harmful excessive cysteine peptidase activity has been a subject of several studies in order to find correlations with clinical outcome and therapy response. However, involvement in anti-tumor immune response and signaling cascades leading to cancer progression designates cystatins as possible targets for development of new anti-tumor drugs.
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Wu J, Xiang Z, Bai L, He L, Tan L, Hu M, Ren Y. Diagnostic value of serum PIVKA-II levels for BCLC early hepatocellular carcinoma and correlation with HBV DNA. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:235-242. [PMID: 30103302 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reported that prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) has a better performance of diagnosis for HCC, and has also been known to be an independent risk factor for vascular invasion. Few studies study the relationship between PIVKA-II and HBV DNA. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical value of serum Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore its relationship with vascular invasion and HBV DNA. METHODS In a Chinese cohort, we conducted a case-control study to compare the performances of a-fetoprotein (AFP) and PIVKA-II serum levels for diagnosis of HCC and early HCC. Fifty one healthy controls, 37 chronic hepatitis patients, 43 cirrhotic patients and 143 HCC cases of which 48 (33.57%) had early stage HCC (n= 19 very early, n= 29 early) were enrolled. We explored the correlation between PIVKA-II serum level and several pathological features such as vascular invasion. The serum levels of and AFP were measured by chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) and electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLA). RESULTS The serum levels of both PIVKA-II and AFP in HCC group were higher than that in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and healthy control groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa of PIVKA-II were higher than AFP in the diagnosis of HCC. Serum PIVKA-II level was correlated with tumor size, tumor cell differentiation and BCLC staging (P< 0.05). For the diagnosis of early HCC, the combination of PIVKA-II (AUC 0.812; 95% CI, 0.702-0.894) and AFP (0.797; 95% CI, 0.686-0.883) slightly improve the diagnostic performance for early HCC(AUC 0.849; 95% CI, 0.745-0.923). PIVKA-II > 166 mAU/ml is an independent risk factor for vascular invasion. The serum HBV DNA level in cirrhosis and HCC patients was significantly higher than in chronic hepatitis patients. We detected a negative association between serum PIVKA-II and serum HBV DNA levels. CONCLUSIONS PIVKA-II was more efficient than AFP for the diagnosis of early HCC and has no correlation with serum HBV DNA levels.
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Bharali D, Banerjee BD, Bharadwaj M, Husain SA, Kar P. Expression analysis of apolipoproteins AI & AIV in hepatocellular carcinoma: A protein-based hepatocellular carcinoma-associated study. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:361-368. [PMID: 29998871 PMCID: PMC6057253 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1358_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the differential expression of apolipoproteins (ApoAI and ApoAIV) in HCC and cases of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis (controls) without HCC and to compare ApoAI and ApoAIV expression with alpha-foetoprotein (AFP), the conventional marker in HCC. Methods: Fifty patients with HCC and 50 controls comprising patients with liver cirrhosis (n=25) and chronic hepatitis (n=25) without HCC were included in this study. Total proteins were precipitated using acetone precipitation method followed by albumin and IgG depletion of precipitated protein using depletion kit. Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The expression changes of ApoAI and ApoAIV were confirmed by western blotting using specific primary and secondary polyclonal antibodies followed by densitometric protein semi-quantitative estimation. ApoAI, ApoAIV and AFP were measured in the plasma samples by ELISA method. Results: Semi-quantitative densitometric image analysis of the western blot images and the comparison between HCC patients with those without HCC (control) revealed differential expression of ApoAI and ApoAIV. Levels of ApoAI were significantly higher in patients with HCC compared to controls without HCC (0.279±0.216 vs 0.171±0.091 and 0.199±0.014; P <0.001). Levels of ApoAIV were significantly lower in patients of HCC compared to controls without HCC (0.119±0.061 vs 0.208±0.07 and 0.171±0.16; P <0.01). ELISA assays of apolipoproteins (ApoAI and ApoAIV) revealed similar results of expression of ApoAI and ApoAIV as detected in western blotting densitometric image analysis. Interpretation & conclusions: Increased expression of ApoAI and decreased expression of ApoAIV in HCC patients compared to controls without HCC revealed the abnormalities in HCC. These molecules need to be studied further for their use as potential biomarkers in the future diagnostic tools along with other conventional biomarkers for screening of HCC cases. It needs further analysis in higher number of patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipu Bharali
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Milia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Premashis Kar
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Development of a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker Set for Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a Proteomics Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7490723. [PMID: 30662913 PMCID: PMC6312602 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7490723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that starts with inflammation of the synovial membrane. Studies have been conducted to develop methods for efficient diagnosis of RA and to identify the mechanisms underlying RA development. Blood samples can be useful for detecting disturbance of homeostasis in patients with RA. Nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an efficient proteomics approach to analyze blood sample and quantify serum proteins. Methods Serum samples of 18 healthy controls and 18 patients with RA were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Selected candidate biomarkers were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera from 43 healthy controls and 44 patients with RA. Results Thirty-eight proteins were significantly differentially expressed by more than 2-fold in healthy controls and patients with RA. Based on a literature survey, we selected six candidate RA biomarkers. ELISA was used to evaluate whether these proteins effectively allow distinguishing patients with RA from healthy controls and monitoring drug efficacy. SAA4, gelsolin, and vitamin D-binding protein were validated as potential biomarkers of RA for screening and drug efficacy monitoring of RA. Conclusions We identified a panel of three biomarkers for RA which has potential for application in RA diagnosis and drug efficacy monitoring. Further, our findings will aid in understanding the pathogenesis of RA.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis of HCC remains a great challenge in clinic. Novel and effective biomarkers are in urgent need in early diagnosis of HCC.Serum levels of neurotrophin-receptor-interacting melanoma antigen-encoding gene homolog (NRAGE) were measured for 107 patients with HCC, 98 patients with benign liver diseases, and 89 healthy controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of serum NRAGE in HCC.NRAGE expression was significantly higher in patients with HCC than in controls (all, P < .05). Moreover, its expression was tightly correlated with TNM stage (P = .004). NRAGE could distinguish patients with HCC from healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.874, yielding a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 78.7%. Additionally, in differentiation between benign liver diseases and HCC, the AUC value of NRAGE was 0.726, with a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 73.5%. Meanwhile, alpha-fetoprotein also could distinguish patients with HCC from benign liver disease cases, with an AUC of 0.677, a sensitivity of 64.4%, and a specificity of 60.2%.NRAGE could be a potential biomarker for HCC early diagnosis.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two major challenges for HCC, the first being that early detection is generally not applicable, and secondly, it is usually fatal within several months after diagnosis. HCC is an inflammation-induced cancer. It is known that chronic inflammation leads to oxidative/nitrosative stress and lipid peroxidation, generating excess oxidative stress, together with aldehydes which can react with DNA bases to form promutagenic DNA adducts. In this review, the evidence between oxidative stress and liver carcinogenesis is summarized. We focused on the potential of using DNA adducts as oxidative stress biomarkers for liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Leto G, Crescimanno M, Flandina C. On the role of cystatin C in cancer progression. Life Sci 2018; 202:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Identification of an 88-microRNA signature in whole blood for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and other chronic liver diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1565-1584. [PMID: 28657540 PMCID: PMC5509456 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with very poor survival due to lack of reliable biomarker for early diagnosis. In this study, we investigated microRNA (miRNA) profile of whole blood with a custom microarray containing probes for 1849 miRNA species in a total 213 successive subjects who were divided into a discovery set and a validation set. An 88-miRNA signature was established to diagnose health controls (HC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC with 100% accuracy in the discovery set using Fisher discriminant analysis. This diagnostic signature was confirmed in the validation set with accuracy rates of 100%, 95.2%, 93.7% and 98.4% for HC, CHB, LC and HCC patients, respectively. Compared with AFP, the only available non-invasive and routinely used biomarker for diagnosis of HCC, the 88-miRNA signature has much higher accuracy (99.5% vs 76.5%), sensitivity (100% vs 63.8%), and specificity (99.2% vs 84.2%). More importantly, the signature detects small HCCs (<3cm) with 100% (17/17) accuracy while AFP has only 64.7% (11/17). In conclusion, we have identified a powerful and sensitive blood 88-miRNA signature for diagnosing early HCC and other chronic liver diseases (CHB and LC) with a high accuracy.
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Cruz-Ramón V, Chinchilla-López P, Ramírez-Pérez O, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. The Changing Face of the Diagnosis of Chronic and Malignant Liver Diseases: Potential New Biomarkers. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:14-17. [PMID: 29311406 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma is often challenging. In a recent study in 134 patients (Arbelaiz, Hepatology 2017; 66:1125-1143), it was reported that specific proteins found in serum extracellular vesicles of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, hepatocellular carcinoma,orcholangiocarcinomamay be useful as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. This current article critically appraises this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Cruz-Ramón
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Departments of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
| | - Paulina Chinchilla-López
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Departments of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
| | - Oscar Ramírez-Pérez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Departments of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Departments of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
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Precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in China. Cancer Lett 2018; 412:283-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Amr KS, Elmawgoud Atia HA, Elazeem Elbnhawy RA, Ezzat WM. Early diagnostic evaluation of miR-122 and miR-224 as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2017; 4:215-221. [PMID: 30258925 PMCID: PMC6150115 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common lethal types of tumor all over the world. The lethality of HCC accounts for many reasons. One of them, the lack of reliable diagnostic markers at the early stage, in this context, serum miRNAs became promising diagnostic biomarkers. Herein, we aimed to identify the predictive value of two miRNAs (miR-122 and miR-224) in plasma of patients with HCC preceded by chronic HCV infection. Taqman miRNA assays specific for hsa-miR-122 and hsa-miR-224 were used to assess the expression levels of the chosen miRNAs in plasma samples collected from three groups; 40 patients with HCC related to HCV, 40 with CHC patients and 20 healthy volunteers. This study revealed that the mean plasma values of miRNA-122 were significantly lower among HCC group when compared to CHC and control groups (P < 0.001). Whereas, miR-224 mean plasma values were significantly higher among HCC group when compared to both CHC group and control group. Moreover, it was found that miR-122 can predict development of HCC at cut-off value <0.67 (RQ) and (AUC = 0.98, P < 0.001). As regards miR-224, it can predict development of HCC at cut-off value >1.2 (RQ) and (AUC = 0.93, P < 0.001), while the accuracy of AFP to diagnose HCC was (AUC: 0.619; P = 0.06). In conclusion, the expression plasma of miR-122 and miR-224 could be used as noninvasive biomarkers for the early prediction of developing HCC at the early stage.
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Key Words
- ADAM17, A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 17
- AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein
- AKT, AKT/Protein kinase B
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- API-5, Apoptosis inhibitor-5
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, Area under the curve
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- Bcl-2, B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 like protein
- CT, Computed tomography
- CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh
- Ccgn1, Cyclin G1 protein
- Ct, Cycle threshold
- Diagnosis
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- NF-κβ, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- ROC, Receiver operating characteristic
- RQ, Relative quantity
- SE, standard error
- Sensitivity
- has-miR-122, Homo sapien-micro RNA-122
- mRNA, Messenger RNA
- miR-122
- miR-224
- miRNA/miR, Micro-RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalda S Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Wafaa M Ezzat
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhai X, Xue Q, Liu Q, Guo Y, Chen Z. Classifier of cross talk genes predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3253-3261. [PMID: 28713927 PMCID: PMC5547992 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish a prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the cross talk genes from important biological pathways involved in HCC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for HCC were identified from mRNA profiles of GSE36376, which were mapped to protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks from BioGrid and the human protein reference database. Then critical genes based on the deviation score and the degree of node were selected from the novel PPI network. Cross talk genes were screened from the network established based on the associations of gene-gene, gene-pathway and pathway-pathway. A classifier based on specific cross talk genes was constructed for prediction of HCC using the random forest algorithm. Finally, the diagnostic performance of this prediction model was verified by predicting survival time of patients with HCC from the genome cancer atlas (TCGA) and other independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. From the novel PPI network, a total of 200 critical genes were screened out and they were significantly enriched in 23 pathways, which have been reported to be significantly associated with the development of HCC. Based on these identified pathways, cross talk genes were identified including AKT1, SOS1, EGF, MYC, IGF1, ERBB2, CDKN1B, SHC2, VEGFA and INS. The prediction model has a relative average classification accuracy of 0.94 for HCC, which has a stable predicting efficacy for survival time of HCC patients validated in the TCGA database and two other independent GEO datasets. In conclusion, a total of 39 cross talk genes in HCC were identified and a classifier based on the cross talk genes was constructed, which indicates a high prognosis prediction efficacy in several independent datasets. The results provide a novel perspective to develop a multiple gene diagnostic tool for HCC prognosis, which also provided potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhai
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army 264 Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Guo
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Pranatharthiharan S, Patel MD, Malshe VC, Pujari V, Gorakshakar A, Madkaikar M, Ghosh K, Devarajan PV. Asialoglycoprotein receptor targeted delivery of doxorubicin nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:20-29. [PMID: 28155331 PMCID: PMC8244555 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1225856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-targeted doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) nanoparticles (NPs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polyethylene sebacate (PES)-Gantrez® AN 119 Dox NPs of average size 220 nm with PDI < 0.62 and ∼20% Dox loading were prepared by modified nanoprecipitation. ASGPR ligands, pullulan (Pul), arabinogalactan (AGn), and the combination (Pul-AGn), were anchored by adsorption. Ligand anchoring enabled high liver uptake with a remarkable hepatocyte:nonparenchymal cell ratio of 85:15. Furthermore, Pul-AGn NPs exhibited an additive effect implying incredibly high hepatocyte accumulation. Galactose-mediated competitive inhibition confirmed ASGPR-mediated uptake of ligand-anchored NPs in HepG2 cell lines. Subacute toxicity in rats confirmed the safety of the NP groups. However, histopathological evaluation suggested mild renal toxicity of AGn. Pul NPs revealed sustained reduction in tumor volume in PLC/PRF/5 liver tumor-bearing Nod/Scid mice up to 46 days. Extensive tumor necrosis, reduced collagen content, reduction in the HCC biomarker serum α-fetoprotein (p < 0.05), a mitotic index of 1.135 (day 46), and tumor treated/tumor control (T/C) values of <0.42 signified superior efficacy of Pul NPs. Furthermore, weight gain in the NP groups, and no histopathological alterations indicated that they were well tolerated by the mice. The high efficacy coupled with greater safety portrayed Pul Dox NPs as a promising nanocarrier for improved therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Pranatharthiharan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
| | - Mitesh D Patel
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
| | - Vinod C Malshe
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
| | - Vaishali Pujari
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Ajit Gorakshakar
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Kanjaksha Ghosh
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
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Lou J, Zhang L, Lv S, Zhang C, Jiang S. Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2017; 9:1-9. [PMID: 28469485 PMCID: PMC5345949 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x16684640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The HCC diagnosis is usually achieved by biomarkers, which can also help in prognosis prediction. Furthermore, it might represent certain therapeutic interventions through some combinations of biomarkers. Here, we review on our current understanding of HCC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - LingFei Zhang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaogang Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Discovering potential serological biomarker for chronic Hepatitis B Virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese population by MAL-associated serum glycoproteomics analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:38918. [PMID: 28079114 PMCID: PMC5228127 DOI: 10.1038/srep38918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of current biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-related HCC, is limited. Recent progress in glycoproteomics has provided a novel platform for screening novel serological biomarkers of HCC. In this study, lectin affinity chromatography by Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) and iTRAQ combined with mass spectrometric analysis were performed to enrich and identify the glycoprotein fractions in serum samples from HBV-related HCC patients and from healthy controls. Seventeen differential MAL-associated glycoproteins were identified. Among them, Galectin 3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) was selected for further evaluated by ELISA analysis and showed a high diagnostic potential of HBV-related HCC, with the AUC of 0.898 and a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 80.00%, 93.75% and 86.88%, respectively. Moreover, we constructed a predictive model through the combined use of serum Gal-3BP and Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), which improved the sensitivity (from 87.5% to 95%), specificity (from 93.75% to 95%) and accuracy (from 90.63% to 95%) of diagnosing early HCC. These data suggested serum Gal-3BP level is a promising biomarker to identify HBV-related HCC and the combined use of serum Gal-3BP and AFP improves the diagnostic potential of HBV-HCC compared with AFP alone in current clinical practice.
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Hesketh RL, Zhu AX, Oklu R. Radiomics and circulating tumor cells: personalized care in hepatocellular carcinoma? Diagn Interv Radiol 2016; 21:78-84. [PMID: 25430530 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2014.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Personalized care in oncology is expected to significantly improve morbidity and mortality, facilitated by our increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving tumors and the ability to target those drivers. Hepatocellular carcinoma has a very high mortality to incidence ratio despite localized disease being curable, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Radiomics, the use of imaging technology to extrapolate molecular tumor data, and the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are two new technologies that could be incorporated into the clinical setting with relative ease. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma focusing on the latest developments in liver magnetic resonance imaging, CTC, and radiomic technology and their potential to improve diagnosis, staging, and therapy.
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iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Identification of Serum Biomarkers of Two Chronic Hepatitis B Subtypes Diagnosed by Traditional Chinese Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3290260. [PMID: 28025641 PMCID: PMC5153474 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3290260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. By traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern classification, damp heat stasis in the middle-jiao (DHSM) and liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency (LSSD) are two most common subtypes of CHB. Results. In this study, we employed iTRAQ proteomics technology to identify potential serum protein biomarkers in 30 LSSD-CHB and 30 DHSM-CHB patients. Of the total 842 detected proteins, 273 and 345 were differentially expressed in LSSD-CHB and DHSM-CHB patients compared to healthy controls, respectively. LSSD-CHB and DHSM-CHB shared 142 upregulated and 84 downregulated proteins, of which several proteins have been reported to be candidate biomarkers, including immunoglobulin (Ig) related proteins, complement components, apolipoproteins, heat shock proteins, insulin-like growth factor binding protein, and alpha-2-macroglobulin. In addition, we identified that proteins might be potential biomarkers to distinguish LSSD-CHB from DHSM-CHB, such as A0A0A0MS51_HUMAN (gelsolin), PON3_HUMAN, Q96K68_HUMAN, and TRPM8_HUMAN that were differentially expressed exclusively in LSSD-CHB patients and A0A087WT59_HUMAN (transthyretin), ITIH1_HUMAN, TSP1_HUMAN, CO5_HUMAN, and ALBU_HUMAN that were differentially expressed specifically in DHSM-CHB patients. Conclusion. This is the first time to report serum proteins in CHB subtype patients. Our findings provide potential biomarkers can be used for LSSD-CHB and DHSM-CHB.
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Song D, Yue L, Zhang J, Ma S, Zhao W, Guo F, Fan Y, Yang H, Liu Q, Zhang D, Xia Z, Qin P, Jia J, Yue M, Yu J, Zheng S, Yang F, Wang J. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum apolipoprotein C-I in triple-negative breast cancer based on mass spectrometry. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:635-47. [PMID: 27260686 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have poor prognosis because of the aggressive nature of the tumor, delayed diagnosis and non-specific symptoms in the early stages. Identification of novel specific TNBC serum biomarkers for screening and therapeutic purposes therefore remains an urgent clinical requirement.We obtained serum samples from a total of 380 recruited individuals split into mining and testing sets, with the aim of screening for reliable protein biomarkers from TNBC and non-TNBC (NTNBC) sera. Samples were assessed using mass spectrometry, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC), survival and hazard function curve as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses to ascertain the potential of the protein constituents as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for TNBC.We identified upregulated apolipoprotein C-I (apoC-I) with a validated positive effect on TNBC tumorigenesis, with confirmation in an independent test set and minimization of systematic bias by pre-analytical parameters. The apoC-I protein had superior diagnostic ability in distinguishing between TNBC and NTNBC cases. Moreover, the protein presented a more robust potential prognostic factor for TNBC than NTNBC. The apoC-I protein identified in this study presents an effective novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for TNBC, indicating that measurement of the peak intensity at 7785 Da in serum samples could facilitate improved early detection and estimation of postoperative survival prognosis for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Song
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China.,b Institute of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Lifang Yue
- c Department of Ultrasonography , Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- d School of Life Science , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Fei Guo
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Yingzhong Fan
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Heying Yang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Qiuliang Liu
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Ziqiang Xia
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Pan Qin
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Ming Yue
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Jiekai Yu
- e Institute of Cancer, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Shu Zheng
- e Institute of Cancer, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- f Proteomic Platform , Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
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Could serotonin be a potential marker for hepatocellular carcinoma? A prospective single-center observational study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 28:599-605. [PMID: 26741637 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide. Serotonin is a biogenic amine, which may be involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC. AIM We aimed to determine whether serotonin is a dependable marker for the diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients in comparison with α-fetoprotein protein (AFP) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II). PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum serotonin, AFP, and PIVKA-II were measured in 262 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC): 82 cirrhotic patients with HCC (group I), 80 cirrhotic patients without HCC (group II), and 100 CHC-infected patients without cirrhosis (group III); in addition, 60 healthy controls were studied (group IV). RESULTS AFP showed significant statistical differences among the groups studied (P<0.001). PIVKA-II and serotonin levels showed no statistically significant differences between the patients with CHC group and the healthy controls (P1=0.614 and P1=0.13, respectively), whereas their levels were statistically higher in cirrhotic patients than patients with CHC (all P values <0.001) and in the cirrhotic patients with HCC group than the cirrhotic patients without HCC (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between serum serotonin and AFP (rho=0.794; P<0.001) and serum serotonin and PIVKA-II (rho=0.889; P<0.001) among the patient groups. The receiver operator characteristic curve showed a higher area under the curve for serotonin than AFP and PIVKA-II (0.942, 0.824, and 0.921, respectively). CONCLUSION Serotonin may be used together with PIVKA-II to screen for HCC in cirrhotic patients with CHC.
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Li L, Chen J, Chen X, Tang J, Guo H, Wang X, Qian J, Luo G, He F, Lu X, Ding Y, Yang Y, Huang W, Hou G, Lin X, Ouyang Q, Li H, Wang R, Jiang F, Pu R, Lu J, Jin M, Tan Y, Gonzalez FJ, Cao G, Wu M, Wen H, Wu T, Jin L, Chen L, Wang H. Serum miRNAs as predictive and preventive biomarker for pre-clinical hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:234-40. [PMID: 26850373 PMCID: PMC6594104 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The extremely poor prognosis of patients with symptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed clinically at advanced stages suggests an urgent need for biomarkers that can be used for prospective surveillance and pre-clinical screening for early presence of pre-malignant lesions and tumors. In a retrospective longitudinal phase 3 biomarker study in seven medical centers of China, time-series and 6 months interval-serum samples were collected from chronic hepatitis B virus infected (CHB) patient cohorts at the pre-malignant or pre-clinical stages (average 6 months prior to clinical diagnosis) and CHB patients that did not develop cancer, and circulating miRNAs measured. A set of serum miRNAs including miR-193a-3p, miR-369-5p, miR-672, miR-429 and let-7i* were identified in pre-clinical HCC patients and have the potential to screen for CHB patients at high risk to develop HCC 6-12 months after miRNAs measurement. These circulating miRNAs combined with the conventional screening tools using α-fetoprotein and ultrasound, may have great promise for the prediction and prevention of HCC in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute and Nantong University Liver Cancer Institute, QiDong 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Tang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Lab of Contemporary Anthropology, TaiZhou Institute of Health Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Qian
- State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Lab of Contemporary Anthropology, TaiZhou Institute of Health Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guijuan Luo
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangping He
- State Key Lab Breeding Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Lab Breeding Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingchen Yang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guojun Hou
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ximeng Lin
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute and Nantong University Liver Cancer Institute, QiDong 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudan Jin
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yexiong Tan
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Lab Breeding Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Lab of Contemporary Anthropology, TaiZhou Institute of Health Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200441, China.
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Diagnostic and prognostic role of serum protein peak at 6449 m/z in gastric adenocarcinoma based on mass spectrometry. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:929-38. [PMID: 27002935 PMCID: PMC4984799 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive cancer type associated with significant mortality owing to delayed diagnosis and non-specific symptoms observed in the early stages. Therefore, identification of novel specific GC serum biomarkers for screening purposes is an urgent clinical requirement. Methods: This study recruited a total of 432 serum samples from 296 GC patients split into the mining and testing sets. We aimed to screen for reliable protein biomarkers from matched serum samples based on mass spectrometry, followed by comparison with three representative conventional markers using receiver operating characteristic and survival curve analyses to ascertain their potential values as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for GC. Results: We identified an apoC-III fragment with confirmation in an independent test set from a second hospital. We found that the diagnostic ability of this fragment performed better than current standard GC diagnostic biomarkers both individually and in combination in distinguishing patients with GC from healthy individuals. Moreover, we found that this apoC-III protein fragment represents a more robust potential prognostic factor for GC than the three conventional markers. Conclusions: In view of these findings, we suggest that apoC-III protein fragment is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, a complement to conventional biomarkers in detecting GC.
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Li J, Cheng ZJ, Liu Y, Yan ZL, Wang K, Wu D, Wan XY, Xia Y, Lau WY, Wu MC, Shen F. Serum thioredoxin is a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9551-63. [PMID: 25871387 PMCID: PMC4496238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we found that serum levels of thioredoxin were increased in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimum diagnostic cutoff for thioredoxin was 20.5 ng/mL (area under curve [AUC] 0.946 [95% CI 0.923–0.969] in the training cohort; 0.941 [0.918–0.963] in the validation cohort). High serum concentrations of thioredoxin differentiated HCC from chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis (0.901 [0.875–0.923] in the training cohort; 0.906 [0.870–0.925] in the validation cohort). Furthermore, a higher proportion of patients with very early HCC had positive results for thioredoxin than for alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) (73.7% VS.31.6%; P < 0.0001). Among AFP-negative patients with very early HCC, 18 (69.2%) of 26 had positive thioredoxin results. Our results indicate that serum thioredoxin complements measurement of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC, especially in very early disease. Combined model (thioredoxin and AFP) showed a significantly greater discriminatory ability as compared with those markers alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Jun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Yan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Ying Wan
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Yotsukura S, duVerle D, Hancock T, Natsume-Kitatani Y, Mamitsuka H. Computational recognition for long non-coding RNA (lncRNA): Software and databases. Brief Bioinform 2016; 18:9-27. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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49
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Harfoush RAH, Meheissen MA, Elwafa RAHA, Elwazzan DA. The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs as Markers of Disease Progression in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Egyptian Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2016.64031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Naito Y, Ichikawa H, Akagiri S, Uchiyama K, Takagi T, Handa O, Yasukawa Z, Tokunaga M, Ishihara N, Okubo T, Mukai J, Ohki M, Uchida K, Yoshikawa T. Identification of cysteinylated transthyretin, a predictive biomarker of treatment response to partially hydrolyzed guar gum in type 2 diabetes rats, by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 58:23-33. [PMID: 26798194 PMCID: PMC4706097 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that total fiber intake is inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a water-soluble dietary fiber, on the occurrence of diabetes and its complications, fatty liver and nephropathy. We also identified predictive serum biomarkers of treatment response to PHGG by mass spectroscopy-based proteomic analysis using Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a good model of human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, at 5 weeks of age, OLETF rats and control strain Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were fed a control diet or a high-fiber diet (5% PHGG) for 57 weeks. Body weight, food intake, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin levels, and urine glucose and protein levels were regularly measured. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and storage of serum in a deep freezer were conducted at the beginning of the experiment and every 4 weeks after overnight fasting during the experiments. PHGG treatment affected neither meal patterns nor the body weight of OLETF and LETO rats. Repeated measure analysis of variance revealed significant differences in fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose at 2 h after OGTT between control OLETF (OLETF-C) rats and OLETF rats treated with PHGG (OLETF-F). The glucose response determined by the area under the curve of OGTT was significantly greater in OLETF-C rats than that in OLETF-F rats at 25 weeks of age. HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance, increased at 25 weeks of age in OLETF-C rats, while this increase was significantly inhibited in OLETF-F rats. At 62 weeks of age, PHGG treatment significantly improved hepatic steatosis as well as renal mesangial matrix accumulation in OLETF rats. To identify the risk marker for diabetes mellitus by SELDI-TOF MS, we collected sera from 21-week-old individuals. Among the 12 specific peaks that were risk marker candidates for diabetes mellitus, the m/z 13,720 peak was identified as that of cysteinylated transthyretin by sequencing of four tryptic peptides using tandem mass spectrometry and peak distribution around the m/z 13,720 peak in the SELDI-TOF spectra. In conclusion, we found that chronic treatment with PHGG improved insulin resistance, delayed the onset of diabetes, and inhibited the development of diabetic complications, as well as identified cysteinylated transthyretin as a predictive biomarker of treatment response to PHGG in OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Satomi Akagiri
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Zenta Yasukawa
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Makoto Tokunaga
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishihara
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Okubo
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Jun Mukai
- Biomarker Science Co., Ltd., 103-5 Tanaka-Monzencho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 540-0029, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohki
- Biomarker Science Co., Ltd., 103-5 Tanaka-Monzencho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 540-0029, Japan
| | - Kagehiro Uchida
- Biomarker Science Co., Ltd., 103-5 Tanaka-Monzencho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 540-0029, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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