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Guo Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Tambuwala MM, Ren J, Orive G, Yu G. P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-driven cancer drug resistance: biological profile, non-coding RNAs, drugs and nanomodulators. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104161. [PMID: 39245345 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance has compromised the efficacy of chemotherapy. The dysregulation of drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) can mediate drug resistance through drug efflux. In this review, we highlight the role of P-gp in cancer drug resistance and the related molecular pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), along with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Extracellular vesicles secreted by the cells can transport ncRNAs and other proteins to change P-gp activity in cancer drug resistance. P-gp requires ATP to function, and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction or inhibition of glutamine metabolism can impair P-gp function, thus increasing chemosensitivity. Phytochemicals, small molecules and nanoparticles have been introduced as P-gp inhibitors to increase drug sensitivity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital (Shenyang Chest Hospital), No. 11 Beihai Street, Dadong District, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
| | - Guiping Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, China.
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2
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Carstens G, Verbeek MM, Rohlwink UK, Figaji AA, te Brake L, van Laarhoven A. Metabolite transport across central nervous system barriers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1063-1077. [PMID: 38546534 PMCID: PMC11179608 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241241908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used to improve diagnostics and pathophysiological understanding of neurological diseases. Alterations in CSF metabolite levels can partly be attributed to changes in brain metabolism, but relevant transport processes influencing CSF metabolite concentrations should be considered. The entry of molecules including metabolites into the central nervous system (CNS), is tightly controlled by the blood-brain, blood-CSF, and blood-spinal cord barriers, where aquaporins and membrane-bound carrier proteins regulate influx and efflux via passive and active transport processes. This report therefore provides reference for future CSF metabolomic work, by providing a detailed summary of the current knowledge on the location and function of the involved transporters and routing of metabolites from blood to CSF and from CSF to blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Carstens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ursula K Rohlwink
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anthony A Figaji
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindsey te Brake
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan van Laarhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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3
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Wakid M, Almeida D, Aouabed Z, Rahimian R, Davoli MA, Yerko V, Leonova-Erko E, Richard V, Zahedi R, Borchers C, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Universal method for the isolation of microvessels from frozen brain tissue: A proof-of-concept multiomic investigation of the neurovasculature. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100684. [PMID: 37822873 PMCID: PMC10562768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit, comprised of vascular cell types that collectively regulate cerebral blood flow to meet the needs of coupled neurons, is paramount for the proper function of the central nervous system. The neurovascular unit gatekeeps blood-brain barrier properties, which experiences impairment in several central nervous system diseases associated with neuroinflammation and contributes to pathogenesis. To better understand function and dysfunction at the neurovascular unit and how it may confer inflammatory processes within the brain, isolation and characterization of the neurovascular unit is needed. Here, we describe a singular, standardized protocol to enrich and isolate microvessels from archived snap-frozen human and frozen mouse cerebral cortex using mechanical homogenization and centrifugation-separation that preserves the structural integrity and multicellular composition of microvessel fragments. For the first time, microvessels are isolated from postmortem ventromedial prefrontal cortex tissue and are comprehensively investigated as a structural unit using both RNA sequencing and Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both the transcriptome and proteome are obtained and compared, demonstrating that the isolated brain microvessel is a robust model for the NVU and can be used to generate highly informative datasets in both physiological and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wakid
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Almeida
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zahia Aouabed
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Volodymyr Yerko
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Leonova-Erko
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Richard
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - René Zahedi
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christoph Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Biali M, Auvity S, Cisternino S, Smirnova M, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Mairinger S, Tournier N, Bauer M, Langer O. Dissimilar Effect of P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibition on the Distribution of Erlotinib to the Retina and Brain in Humans and Mice. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5877-5887. [PMID: 37883694 PMCID: PMC10630959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are two ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters that are coexpressed at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retina barrier (BRB). While pharmacological inhibition of P-gp and/or BCRP results in increased brain distribution of dual P-gp/BCRP substrate drugs, such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib, the effect of P-gp and/or BCRP inhibition on the retinal distribution of such drugs has hardly been investigated. In this study, we used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess the effect of transporter inhibition on the distribution of [11C]erlotinib to the human retina and brain. Twenty two healthy volunteers underwent two PET scans after intravenous (i.v.) injection of a microdose (<5 μg) of [11C]erlotinib, a baseline scan, and a second scan either with concurrent i.v. infusion of tariquidar to inhibit P-gp (n = 5) or after oral intake of single ascending doses of erlotinib (300 mg, 650 mg, or 1000 mg, n = 17) to saturate erlotinib transport. In addition, transport of [3H]erlotinib to the retina and brain was assessed in mice by in situ carotid perfusion under various drug transporter inhibition settings. In comparison to the baseline PET scan, coadministration of tariquidar or erlotinib led to a significant decrease of [11C]erlotinib total volume of distribution (VT) in the human retina by -25 ± 8% (p ≤ 0.05) and -41 ± 16% (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. In contrast, erlotinib intake led to a significant increase in [11C]erlotinib VT in the human brain (+20 ± 16%, p ≤ 0.001), while administration of tariquidar did not result in any significant changes. In situ carotid perfusion experiments showed that both P-gp and BCRP significantly limit the distribution of erlotinib to the mouse retina and brain but revealed a similar discordant effect at the mouse BRB and BBB following co-perfusion with tariquidar and erlotinib as in humans. Co-perfusion with prototypical inhibitors of solute carrier transporters did not reveal a significant contribution of organic cation transporters (e.g., OCTs and OCTNs) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (e.g., OATP2B1) to the retinal and cerebral distribution of erlotinib. In conclusion, we observed a dissimilar effect after P-gp and/or BCRP inhibition on the retinal and cerebral distribution of [11C]erlotinib. The exact mechanism for this discrepancy remains unclear but may be related to the function of an unidentified erlotinib uptake carrier sensitive to tariquidar inhibition at the BRB. Our study highlights the great potential of PET to study drug distribution to the human retina and to assess the functional impact of membrane transporters on ocular drug distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam
El Biali
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Inserm
UMRS1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Service
Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Inserm
UMRS1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Service
Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Smirnova
- Inserm
UMRS1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided
Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided
Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire
d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), CEA, CNRS,
Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided
Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Sun A, Wang J. Functional Evaluation of P-gp and Bcrp at the Murine Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2667-2675. [PMID: 37704894 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The brain is protected from circulating metabolites and xenobiotics by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Previous studies report that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) are expressed apically or subapically at the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), implying a paradoxical function to mediate blood-to-CSF transport of xenobiotics. As evidence of P-gp and Bcrp activity at the BCSFB is limited, the goal of this study is to investigate functional activity of P-gp and Bcrp at the murine BCSFB using a live tissue imaging approach. METHODS The choroid plexuses (CP) forming the BCSFB were freshly isolated from mouse brain ventricles and incubated with fluorescent probes calcein-AM and BODIPY FL-Prazosin. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy, the functional contributions of Bcrp and P-gp were examined using inhibitors and mice with targeted deletion of the Abcb1a/b or Abcg2 gene. RESULTS Apical transport of calcein-AM in choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells is sensitive to inhibition by elacridar and Ko143 but is unaffected by P-gp deletion. In wild-type mice, elacridar increased CPE accumulation of BODIPY FL-Prazosin by 220% whereas deletion of Bcrp increased BODIPY FL-Prazosin accumulation by 43%. There was no change in Mdr1a/1b mRNA expression in CP tissues from the Bcrp-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated functional activity of Bcrp at the BCSFB apical membrane and provided evidence supporting an additional contribution by P-gp. These findings contribute to the understanding of transport mechanisms that regulate CSF drug concentrations, which may benefit future predictions of CNS drug disposition, efficacy, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-7610, USA
| | - Joanne Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-7610, USA.
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6
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Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:815-853. [PMID: 36973040 PMCID: PMC10441638 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem to successfully treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical to solving this clinical problem.In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier. In Section I, we give a historical overview on blood-brain barrier research and introduce the role that ABCB1 and ABCG2 play in this context. In Section II, we summarize the most important strategies that have been tested to overcome the ABCB1/ABCG2 efflux system at the blood-brain barrier. In Section III, the main component of this review, we provide detailed information on the signaling pathways that have been identified to control ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier and their potential clinical relevance. This is followed by Section IV, where we explain the clinical implications of ABCB1/ABCG2 regulation in the context of CNS disease. Lastly, in Section V, we conclude by highlighting examples of how transporter regulation could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ABCB1/ABCG2 drug efflux system at the blood-brain barrier poses a significant problem to successful drug delivery to the brain. The article reviews signaling pathways that regulate blood-brain barrier ABCB1/ABCG2 and could potentially be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Wei Z, Lin X, Wang S, Zhang J, Ji D, Gong X, Huang ZS, Shu B, Li D. Syntheses and evaluation of acridone derivatives as anticancer agents targeting Kras promoter i-motif structure. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106526. [PMID: 37058782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel acridone derivatives were designed and synthesized, with their anticancer activity evaluated. Most of these compounds showed potent antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. Among them, compound C4 with dual 1,2,3-triazol moieties exhibited the most potent activity against Hep-G2 cells with IC50 value determined to be 6.29 ± 0.93 μM. Subsequent experiments showed that C4 could bind to and destabilize Kras gene promoter i-motif structure without significant interaction with its corresponding G-quadruplex. C4 could down-regulate Kras expression in Hep-G2 cells, possibly due to its interaction with the Kras i-motif. Further cellular studies indicated that C4 could induce apoptosis of Hep-G2 cells, possibly related to its effect on mitochondrial dysfunction. These results indicated that C4 could be further developed as a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzhuang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siyi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xue Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ding Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Newman SA, Short JL, Nicolazzo JA. Reduction in ABCG2 mRNA Expression in Human Immortalised Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Ferric Ammonium Citrate is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species and Activation of ERK1/2 Signalling. Pharm Res 2023; 40:651-660. [PMID: 36539667 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport protein ABCG2 (also known as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) is expressed at the luminal face of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where it limits the brain uptake of a number of therapeutic drugs. We recently reported that the ABC efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was downregulated in human immortalised brain endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). The aim of the present study, therefore, was to assess whether BCRP expression is also affected by FAC and identify any signalling mechanisms involved. METHODS ABCG2 mRNA was assessed by RT-qPCR. Protein levels of BCRP, phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) and total ERK 1/2 were assessed by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. RESULTS Treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells with FAC (250 µM, 72 h) significantly reduced ABCG2 mRNA levels (32.2 ± 3.7%) without a concomitant reduction in BCRP protein expression. ABCG2 mRNA levels were restored to control levels when co-treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting the effect of FAC was mediated by a ROS-sensitive pathway. We also found that FAC-treatment was associated with increased levels of p-ERK1/2, suggesting involvement of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in the observed ABCG2 mRNA downregulation. The ERK1/2 signalling pathway inhibitor U0126 restored p-ERK1/2 levels and partially attenuated the FAC-induced reduction in ABCG2 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that FAC-induced downregulation of ABCG2 mRNA is driven by ROS and ERK1/2 signalling, mechanisms which may be exploited to modulate BCRP expression at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Newman
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Short
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Survivin Small Molecules Inhibitors: Recent Advances and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031376. [PMID: 36771042 PMCID: PMC9919791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, as a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family, acts as a suppressor of apoptosis and plays a central role in cell division. Survivin has been considered as an important cancer drug target because it is highly expressed in many types of human cancers, while it is effectively absent from terminally differentiated normal tissues. Moreover, survivin is involved in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Preclinically, downregulation of survivin expression or function reduced tumor growth induced apoptosis and sensitized tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapy in different human tumor models. This review highlights the role of survivin in promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis and summarizes the recent advances in and challenges of developing small-molecule survivin inhibitors.
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10
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Karimaa M, Riikonen R, Kettunen H, Taavitsainen P, Ramela M, Chrusciel M, Karlsson S, Rummakko P, Simola O, Wohlfahrt G, Hakulinen P, Vuorela A, Joensuu H, Utriainen T, Fizazi K, Oksala R. First-in-Class Small Molecule to Inhibit CYP11A1 and Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1765-1776. [PMID: 36129801 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binding of steroid hormones to their cognate receptors regulates the growth of most prostate and breast cancers. We hypothesized that CYP11A inhibition might halt the synthesis of all steroid hormones, because CYP11A is the only enzyme that catalyses the first step of steroid hormone biosynthesis. We speculated that a CYP11A inhibitor could be administered safely provided that the steroids essential for life are replaced. Virtual screening and systematic structure-activity relationship optimization were used to develop ODM-208, the first-in-class, selective, nonsteroidal, oral CYP11A1 inhibitor. Safety of ODM-208 was assessed in rats and Beagle dogs, and efficacy in a VCaP castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft mouse model, in mice and dogs, and in six patients with metastatic CRPC. Blood steroid hormone concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ODM-208 binds to CYP11A1 and inhibited its enzymatic activity. ODM-208 administration led to rapid, complete, durable, and reversible inhibition of the steroid hormone biosynthesis in an adrenocortical carcinoma cell model in vitro, in adult noncastrated male mice and dogs, and in patients with CRPC. All measured serum steroid hormone concentrations reached undetectable levels within a few weeks from the start of ODM-208 administration. ODM-208 was well tolerated with steroid hormone replacement. The toxicity findings were considered related to CYP11A1 inhibition and were reversed after stopping of the compound administration. Steroid hormone biosynthesis can be effectively inhibited with a small-molecule inhibitor of CYP11A1. The findings suggest that administration of ODM-208 is feasible with concomitant corticosteroid replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meri Ramela
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Outi Simola
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Heikki Joensuu
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Utriainen
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Mehkri Y, Woodford S, Pierre K, Dagra A, Hernandez J, Reza Hosseini Siyanaki M, Azab M, Lucke-Wold B. Focused Delivery of Chemotherapy to Augment Surgical Management of Brain Tumors. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8846-8861. [PMID: 36421349 PMCID: PMC9689062 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy that has largely failed to significantly improve outcomes for aggressive brain tumors; some reasons include a weak blood brain barrier penetration and tumor heterogeneity. Recently, there has been interest in designing effective ways to deliver chemotherapy to the tumor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of focused chemotherapies that are currently under investigation. Nanoparticle delivery demonstrates both a superior permeability and retention. However, thus far, it has not demonstrated a therapeutic efficacy for brain tumors. Convection-enhanced delivery is an invasive, yet versatile method, which appears to have the greatest potential. Other vehicles, such as angiopep-2 decorated gold nanoparticles, polyamidoamine dendrimers, and lipid nanostructures have demonstrated efficacy through sustained release of focused chemotherapy and have either improved cell death or survival in humans or animal models. Finally, focused ultrasound is a safe and effective way to disrupt the blood brain barrier and augment other delivery methods. Clinical trials are currently underway to study the safety and efficacy of these methods in combination with standard of care.
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12
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Eng ME, Imperio GE, Bloise E, Matthews SG. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters in the developing blood-brain barrier: role in fetal brain protection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:415. [PMID: 35821142 PMCID: PMC11071850 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides essential neuroprotection from environmental toxins and xenobiotics, through high expression of drug efflux transporters in endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries. However, xenobiotic exposure, stress, and inflammatory stimuli have the potential to disrupt BBB permeability in fetal and post-natal life. Understanding the role and ability of the BBB in protecting the developing brain, particularly with respect to drug/toxin transport, is key to promoting long-term brain health. Drug transporters, particularly P-gp and BCRP are expressed in early gestation at the developing BBB and have a crucial role in developmental homeostasis and fetal brain protection. We have highlighted several factors that modulate drug transporters at the developing BBB, including synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC), cytokines, maternal infection, and growth factors. Some factors have the potential to increase expression and function of drug transporters and increase brain protection (e.g., sGC, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β). However, others inhibit drug transporters expression and function at the BBB, increasing brain exposure to xenobiotics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin [IL]-6), negatively impacting brain development. This has implications for pregnant women and neonates, who represent a vulnerable population and may be exposed to drugs and environmental toxins, many of which are P-gp and BCRP substrates. Thus, alterations in regulated transport across the developing BBB may induce long-term changes in brain health and compromise pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, a large portion of neonatal adverse drug reactions are attributed to agents that target or access the nervous system, such as stimulants (e.g., caffeine), anesthetics (e.g., midazolam), analgesics (e.g., morphine) and antiretrovirals (e.g., Zidovudine); thus, understanding brain protection is key for the development of strategies to protect the fetal and neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Eng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Yu Y, Sun X, Wang H, Li F, Li Q. Investigation of the Uptake and Transport of Two Novel Camptothecin Derivatives in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123669. [PMID: 35744795 PMCID: PMC9230870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan and Topotecan are two Camptothecin derivatives (CPTs) whose resistance is associated with the high expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To reverse this resistance, two novel CPTs, FL77-28 (7-(3-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT) and FL77-29 (7-(4-Fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT), were synthesized by our group. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of FL77-28, FL77-29, and their parent, FL118 (10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT), were evaluated and the results showed that FL77-28 and FL77-29 had stronger anti-tumor activities than FL118. The transport and uptake of FL118, FL77-28, and FL77-29 were investigated in Caco-2 cells for the preliminary prediction of intestinal absorption. The apparent permeability coefficient from apical to basolateral (Papp AP-BL) values of FL77-28 and FL77-29 were (2.32 ± 0.04) × 10−6 cm/s and (2.48 ± 0.18) × 10−6 cm/s, respectively, suggesting that the compounds had moderate absorption. Since the transport property of FL77-28 was passive diffusion and the efflux ratio (ER) was less than 2, two chemical inhibitors were added to further confirm the involvement of efflux proteins. The results showed that FL77-28 was not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP, but FL77-29 was mediated by P-gp. In conclusion, FL77-28 might be a promising candidate to overcome drug resistance induced by multiple efflux proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiangli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenya Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Yanlei Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8832-0984
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14
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Ling X, Wu W, Aljahdali IAM, Liao J, Santha S, Fountzilas C, Boland PM, Li F. FL118, acting as a 'molecular glue degrader', binds to dephosphorylates and degrades the oncoprotein DDX5 (p68) to control c-Myc, survivin and mutant Kras against colorectal and pancreatic cancer with high efficacy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e881. [PMID: 35604033 PMCID: PMC9126027 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a difficult-to-treat cancer, is expected to become the second-largest cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030, while colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PDAC patients. The development of novel agents to effectively treat these cancers remains an unmet clinical need. FL118, a novel anticancer small molecule, exhibits high efficacy against cancers; however, the direct biochemical target of FL118 is unknown. METHODS FL118 affinity purification, mass spectrometry, Nanosep centrifugal device and isothermal titration calorimetry were used for identifying and confirming FL118 binding to DDX5/p68 and its binding affinity. Immunoprecipitation (IP), western blots, real-time reverse transcription PCR, gene silencing, overexpression (OE) and knockout (KO) were used for analysing gene/protein function and expression. Chromatin IP was used for analysing protein-DNA interactions. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromid assay and human PDAC/CRC cell/tumour models were used for determining PDAC/CRC cell/tumour in vitro and in vivo growth. RESULTS We discovered that FL118 strongly binds to dephosphorylates and degrades the DDX5 oncoprotein via the proteasome degradation pathway without decreasing DDX5 mRNA. Silencing and OE of DDX5 indicated that DDX5 is a master regulator for controlling the expression of multiple oncogenic proteins, including survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP, cIAP2, c-Myc and mutant Kras. Genetic manipulation of DDX5 in PDAC cells affects tumour growth. PDAC cells with DDX5 KO are resistant to FL118 treatment. Our human tumour animal model studies further indicated that FL118 exhibits high efficacy to eliminate human PDAC and CRC tumours that have a high expression of DDX5, while FL118 exhibits less effectiveness in PDAC and CRC tumours with low DDX5 expression. CONCLUSION DDX5 is a bona fide FL118 direct target and can act as a biomarker for predicting PDAC and CRC tumour sensitivity to FL118. This would greatly impact FL118 precision medicine for patients with advanced PDAC or advanced CRC in the clinic. FL118 may act as a 'molecular glue degrader' to directly glue DDX5 and ubiquitination regulators together to degrade DDX5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Ieman A. M. Aljahdali
- Department of Pharmacology & TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular BiologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of MedicineRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
- Developmental Therapeutics (DT) ProgramRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Patrick M. Boland
- Department of MedicineRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
Development of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
- Developmental Therapeutics (DT) ProgramRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
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15
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Song YK, Kim MJ, Kim MS, Lee JH, Chung SJ, Song JS, Chae YJ, Lee KR. Role of the Efflux Transporters Abcb1 and Abcg2 in the Brain Distribution of Olaparib in Mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106177. [PMID: 35341895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Olaparib is a first-in-class poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase oral inhibitor used to treat various tumors. In this study, we clarified the roles of ABCB1/Abcb1 and ABCG2/Abcg2 transporters in restricting olaparib distribution to the brain. Olaparib was efficiently transported by human ABCG2, human ABCB1, and mouse Abcg2 in vitro. In the in vivo disposition study of olaparib using single or combination knockout mice, the systemic exposure of olaparib did not differ significantly between the strains over an 8-h period. However, the brain-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio of olaparib increased 5.6- and 8.1-fold in Abcb1a/1b and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2 knockout mice, respectively, compared with wild-type mice. The Abcg2 single knockout mice exhibited a similar brain-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio to wild-type mice. Moreover, the brain distribution of olaparib could be modulated by the ABCB1/ABCG2 dual inhibitor elacridar to reach a similar degree of inhibition to Abcb1a/1b-/-. These findings suggest that olaparib is actively transported by both human and mouse ABCB1/Abcb1 and ABCG2/Abcg2; while Abcb1a/1b is a major determinant of olaparib brain penetration in mice, Abcg2 is likely to be a minor contributor. Concomitant treatment with temozolomide slightly increased the brain distribution of olaparib in mouse, but the clinical impact of the interaction was expected to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyung Song
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Lee
- Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jee Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-Gun 55338, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chow LM, Chan TH. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance, and novel flavonoid dimers as potent, nontoxic, and selective inhibitors. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is often a major impediment to successful chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. A common mechanism for MDR is the overexpression of an active ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1, also known as MDR1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), or breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP/ABCG2), on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. These transporters can pump many structurally diverse anticancer drugs out of the cancer cells and render these drugs ineffective at a therapeutic dosage, i.e., multidrug resistance. Coadministration of a potent ABC transporter inhibitor with an anticancer drug has been evaluated in several clinical trials to overcome MDR but has led to a disappointing outcome. By taking advantage of the pseudo-dimeric structure of ABC transporters, we demonstrated that some flavonoid dimers, using polyvalent interactions, can be potent inhibitors of ABC transporters. Selective inhibition of the three different transporters with flavonoid dimers can be achieved by placing the two flavonoid moieties at an optimal distance apart specific for each transporter. In addition to being potent and selective inhibitors of the transporters, flavonoid dimers are found to be nontoxic to normal cells at their corresponding effective concentrations. The in vivo efficacy of flavonoid dimers was demonstrated. Further investigation of these flavonoid dimers as clinical candidates to overcome MDR in cancer chemotherapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry M.C. Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Hang Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
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17
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Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Analysis of Topotecan in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Its Application in Elimination Evaluation of Topotecan after Intraventricular Injection. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184643. [PMID: 34572867 PMCID: PMC8471976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal administration of anticancer drugs is an effective dosage strategy, but the elimination of intraventricular drugs is not uniform in all patients. For safety, a system to evaluate local pharmacokinetics in the ventricles after administration is desired. In this study, we developed a simple and reproducible method to measure topotecan concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and confirmed its clinical applicability. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed using a C18 column to measure the total topotecan concentration in the CSF. Clinical CSF samples were obtained from a 1-year old child with poor CSF absorption and stagnation. The patient received topotecan via an intraventricular subcutaneous reservoir. The HPLC method complied with the validation criteria. The lower limit of quantitation of this method was 0.04 µM. Using the developed method, we could determine the difference in topotecan CSF concentrations at 24 and 48 h after administration. The patient's topotecan elimination rate was extremely low, and signs of adverse effects were observed at high CSF concentration of topotecan. The developed method could detect the delay in topotecan elimination after intrathecal injection. The findings of this study are valuable for the development of personalized treatments for the intrathecal administration of anticancer drugs.
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18
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Li F, Aljahdali IAM, Zhang R, Nastiuk KL, Krolewski JJ, Ling X. Kidney cancer biomarkers and targets for therapeutics: survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, p53, KRAS and AKT in renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:254. [PMID: 34384473 PMCID: PMC8359575 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide with an approximate 20% mortality rate. The challenge in RCC is the therapy-resistance. Cancer resistance to treatment employs multiple mechanisms due to cancer heterogeneity with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes include aberrant overexpression of (1) anticancer cell death proteins (e.g., survivin/BIRC5), (2) DNA repair regulators (e.g., ERCC6) and (3) efflux pump proteins (e.g., ABCG2/BCRP); mutations and/or deregulation of key (4) oncogenes (e.g., MDM2, KRAS) and/or (5) tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP5/p53); and (6) deregulation of redox-sensitive regulators (e.g., HIF, NRF2). Foci of tumor cells that have these genetic alterations and/or deregulation possess survival advantages and are selected for survival during treatment. We will review the significance of survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, TP5/p53, KRAS and AKT in treatment resistance as the potential therapeutic biomarkers and/or targets in RCC in parallel with our analized RCC-relevant TCGA genetic results from each of these gene/protein molecules. We then present our data to show the anticancer drug FL118 modulation of these protein targets and RCC cell/tumor growth. Finally, we include additional data to show a promising FL118 analogue (FL496) for treating the specialized type 2 papillary RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Genitourinary Disease Site Research Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Kidney Cancer Research Interest Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Developmental Therapeutics (DT) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Ieman A. M. Aljahdali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Renyuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Kent L. Nastiuk
- Genitourinary Disease Site Research Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - John J. Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLC, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
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19
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Fang H, Cavaliere A, Li Z, Huang Y, Marquez-Nostra B. Preclinical Advances in Theranostics for the Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627693. [PMID: 33986665 PMCID: PMC8111013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The heterogeneity of breast cancer and drug resistance to therapies make the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Molecular imaging methods with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) provide useful tools to diagnose, predict, and monitor the response of therapy, contributing to precision medicine for breast cancer patients. Recently, many efforts have been made to find new targets for breast cancer therapy to overcome resistance to standard of care treatments, giving rise to new therapeutic agents to offer more options for patients with breast cancer. The combination of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies forms the foundation of theranostics. Some of these theranostic agents exhibit high potential to be translated to clinic. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in theranostics of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Alessandra Cavaliere
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ziqi Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bernadette Marquez-Nostra
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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20
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Kono Y, Kawahara I, Shinozaki K, Nomura I, Marutani H, Yamamoto A, Fujita T. Characterization of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Evaluating the Effect of P-Glycoprotein on the Intestinal Absorption of Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030388. [PMID: 33804018 PMCID: PMC7999658 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For developing oral drugs, it is necessary to predict the oral absorption of new chemical entities accurately. However, it is difficult because of the involvement of efflux transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), in their absorption process. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis on the inhibitory activities of seven P-gp inhibitors (cyclosporin A, GF120918, LY335979, XR9576, WK-X-34, VX-710, and OC144-093) to evaluate the effect of P-gp on drug absorption. GF120918, LY335979, and XR9576 significantly decreased the basal-to-apical transport of paclitaxel, a P-gp substrate, across Caco-2 cell monolayers. GF120918 also inhibited the basal-to-apical transport of mitoxantrone, a breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrate, in Caco-2 cells, whereas LY335979 hardly affected the mitoxantrone transport. In addition, the absorption rate of paclitaxel after oral administration in wild-type mice was significantly increased by pretreatment with LY335979, and it was similar to that in mdr1a/1b knockout mice. Moreover, the absorption rate of topotecan, a BCRP substrate, in wild-type mice pretreated with LY335979 was similar to that in mdr1a/1b knockout mice but significantly lower than that in bcrp knockout mice. These results indicate that LY335979 has a selective inhibitory activity for P-gp, and would be useful for evaluating the contribution of P-gp to drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kono
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Iichiro Kawahara
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (I.K.); (K.S.); (I.N.); (A.Y.)
| | - Kohei Shinozaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (I.K.); (K.S.); (I.N.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ikuo Nomura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (I.K.); (K.S.); (I.N.); (A.Y.)
| | - Honoka Marutani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (I.K.); (K.S.); (I.N.); (A.Y.)
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-561-5974
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Mutant Kras as a Biomarker Plays a Favorable Role in FL118-Induced Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Modulation of Survivin, Mcl-1 and XIAP in Human Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113413. [PMID: 33217967 PMCID: PMC7698790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary FL118 is a novel orally available small molecule anticancer drug. We found that bladder cancer cells with a mutant Kras is highly sensitive to FL118-induced cell growth inhibition and cell death induction through inhibiting the anti-cancer cell death and drug resistance factors (survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP). In the Kras-mutation bladder cancer cells, FL118 can stimulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production for killing bladder cancer cells and inhibiting bladder cancer cell-established tumor growth. Elimination of mutant Kras by Kras-specific shRNA technology in mutant Kras-containing bladder cancer cell-established tumor decreased FL118 effectiveness to inhibit bladder cancer tumor growth. In this regard, mutant Kras is a potential favorable biomarker for FL118. This finding is significant because mutant Kras is known to be a formidable challenge treatment resistant factor in various types of cancer. Thus, FL118 could use mutant Kras as favorable biomarker for patient selection to carry out precision medicine. Abstract Tumor heterogeneity in key gene mutations in bladder cancer (BC) is a major hurdle for the development of effective treatments. Using molecular, cellular, proteomics and animal models, we demonstrated that FL118, an innovative small molecule, is highly effective at killing T24 and UMUC3 high-grade BC cells, which have Hras and Kras mutations, respectively. In contrast, HT1376 BC cells with wild-type Ras are insensitive to FL118. This concept was further demonstrated in additional BC and colorectal cancer cells with mutant Kras versus those with wild-type Kras. FL118 strongly induced PARP cleavage (apoptosis hallmark) and inhibited survivin, XIAP and/or Mcl-1 in both T24 and UMUC3 cells, but not in the HT1376 cells. Silencing mutant Kras reduced both FL118-induced PARP cleavage and downregulation of survivin, XIAP and Mcl-1 in UMUC3 cells, suggesting mutant Kras is required for FL118 to exhibit higher anticancer efficacy. FL118 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in T24 and UMUC3 cells, but not in HT1376 cells. Silencing mutant Kras in UMUC3 cells reduced FL118-mediated ROS generation. Proteomics analysis revealed that a profound and opposing Kras-relevant signaling protein is changed in UMUC3 cells and not in HT1376 cells. Consistently, in vivo studies indicated that UMUC3 tumors are highly sensitive to FL118 treatment, while HT1376 tumors are highly resistant to this agent. Silencing mutant Kras in UMUC3 cell-derived tumors decreases UMUC3 tumor sensitivity to FL118 treatment. Together, our studies revealed that mutant Kras is a favorable biomarker for FL118 targeted treatment.
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Blood-Brain Barrier Modulation to Improve Glioma Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111085. [PMID: 33198244 PMCID: PMC7697580 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain microvascular endothelial cells that are sealed by tight junctions, making it a significant obstacle for most brain therapeutics. The poor BBB penetration of newly developed therapeutics has therefore played a major role in limiting their clinical success. A particularly challenging therapeutic target is glioma, which is the most frequently occurring malignant brain tumor. Thus, to enhance therapeutic uptake in tumors, researchers have been developing strategies to modulate BBB permeability. However, most conventional BBB opening strategies are difficult to apply in the clinical setting due to their broad, non-specific modulation of the BBB, which can result in damage to normal brain tissue. In this review, we have summarized strategies that could potentially be used to selectively and efficiently modulate the tumor BBB for more effective glioma treatment.
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23
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Miklja Z, Yadav VN, Cartaxo RT, Siada R, Thomas CC, Cummings JR, Mullan B, Stallard S, Paul A, Bruzek AK, Wierzbicki K, Yang T, Garcia T, Wolfe I, Leonard M, Robertson PL, Garton HJ, Wahl DR, Parmar H, Sarkaria JN, Kline C, Mueller S, Nicolaides T, Glasser C, Leary SE, Venneti S, Kumar-Sinha C, Chinnaiyan AM, Mody R, Pai MP, Phoenix TN, Marini BL, Koschmann C. Everolimus improves the efficacy of dasatinib in PDGFRα-driven glioma. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5313-5325. [PMID: 32603316 PMCID: PMC7524471 DOI: 10.1172/jci133310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas (HGGs) frequently harbor PDGFRA alterations. We hypothesized that cotreatment with everolimus may improve the efficacy of dasatinib in PDGFRα-driven glioma through combinatorial synergism and increased tumor accumulation of dasatinib. We performed dose-response, synergism, P-glycoprotein inhibition, and pharmacokinetic studies in in vitro and in vivo human and mouse models of HGG. Six patients with recurrent PDGFRα-driven glioma were treated with dasatinib and everolimus. We found that dasatinib effectively inhibited the proliferation of mouse and human primary HGG cells with a variety of PDGFRA alterations. Dasatinib exhibited synergy with everolimus in the treatment of HGG cells at low nanomolar concentrations of both agents, with a reduction in mTOR signaling that persisted after dasatinib treatment alone. Prolonged exposure to everolimus significantly improved the CNS retention of dasatinib and extended the survival of PPK tumor-bearing mice (mutant TP53, mutant PDGFRA, H3K27M). Six pediatric patients with glioma tolerated this combination without significant adverse events, and 4 patients with recurrent disease (n = 4) had a median overall survival of 8.5 months. Our results show that the efficacy of dasatinib treatment of PDGFRα-driven HGG was enhanced with everolimus and suggest a promising route for improving targeted therapy for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hemant Parmar
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cassie Kline
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodore Nicolaides
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chana Glasser
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Sarah E.S. Leary
- Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Urology
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Rogel Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Manjunath P. Pai
- College of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang D, Wang C, Wang L, Chen Y. A comprehensive review in improving delivery of small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents overcoming the blood-brain/brain tumor barriers for glioblastoma treatment. Drug Deliv 2020; 26:551-565. [PMID: 31928355 PMCID: PMC6534214 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1616235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor which is highly resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and cannot be effectively controlled by surgical resection. Due to inevitable recurrence of GBM, it remains essentially incurable with a median overall survival of less than 18 months after diagnosis. A great challenge in current therapies lies in the abrogated delivery of most of the chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor location in the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). These protective barriers serve as a selectively permeable hurdle reducing the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs in GBM therapy. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review on: (i) the characteristics of the BBB and the BBTB, (ii) the influence of BBB/BBTB on drug delivery and the screening strategy of small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents with promising BBB/BBTB-permeable potential, (iii) the strategies to overcome the BBB/BBTB as well as the techniques which can lead to transient BBB/BBTB opening or disruption allowing for improving BBB/BBTB-penetration of drugs. It is hoped that this review provide practical guidance for the future development of small BBB/BBTB-permeable agents against GBM as well as approaches enhancing drug delivery across the BBB/BBTB to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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25
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Kawahara I, Nishikawa S, Yamamoto A, Kono Y, Fujita T. Assessment of contribution of BCRP to intestinal absorption of various drugs using portal-systemic blood concentration difference model in mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00544. [PMID: 31988753 PMCID: PMC6968775 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of the intestinal absorption of new chemical entities (NCEs) is still difficult, in part because drug efflux transporters, including breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), restrict their intestinal permeability. We have demonstrated that the absorptive quotient (AQ) obtained from the in vitro Caco-2 permeability study would be a valuable parameter for estimating the impact of BCRP on the intestinal absorption of drugs. In this study, in order to assess the correlation between the in vitro AQ for BCRP and in vivo contribution of BCRP on drug absorption, we evaluated the oral absorption of various compounds by portal-systemic blood concentration (P-S) difference method in wild-type (WT), Bcrp(-/-), and Mdr1a/1b(-/-) mice. In addition, we also calculated a rate of BCRP contribution (Rbcrp ). Ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin showed the low Rbcrp value (0.05 and 0.15), and their apparent fractions of intestinal absorption in WT mice were 46.5% and 63.7%, respectively. These results suggest that BCRP hardly affects their intestinal absorption in mice. On the other hand, the apparent fraction of intestinal absorption of topotecan and sulfasalazine was significantly lower in WT mice than in Bcrp(-/-) mice. Moreover, their Rbcrp values were 0.42 and 0.79, respectively, indicating the high contribution of BCRP to their oral absorption. Furthermore, in vivo Rbcrp calculated in this study was almost comparable to in vitro AQ obtained from Caco-2 permeability study. This study provides useful concepts in assessing the contribution of BCRP on intestinal absorption in drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iichiro Kawahara
- Department of BiopharmaceuticsKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
- Present address:
Japan Tabacco, IncOsakaJapan
| | - Satoyo Nishikawa
- Department of BiopharmaceuticsKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
- Present address:
Shionogi & Co. Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of BiopharmaceuticsKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityShigaJapan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityShigaJapan
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26
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Xu SW, Law BYK, Qu SLQ, Hamdoun S, Chen J, Zhang W, Guo JR, Wu AG, Mok SWF, Zhang DW, Xia C, Sugimoto Y, Efferth T, Liu L, Wong VKW. SERCA and P-glycoprotein inhibition and ATP depletion are necessary for celastrol-induced autophagic cell death and collateral sensitivity in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104660. [PMID: 31982489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents an obstacle in anti-cancer therapy. MDR is caused by multiple mechanisms, involving ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which reduces intracellular drug levels to sub-therapeutic concentrations. Therefore, sensitizing agents retaining effectiveness against apoptosis- or drug-resistant cancers are desired for the treatment of MDR cancers. The sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump is an emerging target to overcome MDR, because of its continuous expression and because the calcium transport function is crucial to the survival of tumor cells. Previous studies showed that SERCA inhibitors exhibit anti-cancer effects in Bax-Bak-deficient, apoptosis-resistant and MDR cancers, whereas specific P-gp inhibitors reverse the MDR phenotype of cancer cells by blocking efflux of chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we unraveled SERCA and P-gp as double targets of the triterpenoid, celastrol to reverse MDR. Celastrol inhibited both SERCA and P-gp to stimulate calcium-mediated autophagy and ATP depletion, thereby induced collateral sensitivity in MDR cancer cells. In vivo studies further confirmed that celastrol suppressed tumor growth and metastasis by SERCA-mediated calcium mobilization. To the best of our knowledge, our findings demonstrate collateral sensitivity in MDR cancer cells by simultaneous inhibition of SERCA and P-gp for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau; Department of Basic Medicine of Zhuhai Health School, Zhuhai, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Steven Li Qun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Jian-Ru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Foshan Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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27
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Gomez-Zepeda D, Taghi M, Scherrmann JM, Decleves X, Menet MC. ABC Transporters at the Blood-Brain Interfaces, Their Study Models, and Drug Delivery Implications in Gliomas. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010020. [PMID: 31878061 PMCID: PMC7022905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery into the brain is regulated by the blood-brain interfaces. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and the blood-arachnoid barrier (BAB) regulate the exchange of substances between the blood and brain parenchyma. These selective barriers present a high impermeability to most substances, with the selective transport of nutrients and transporters preventing the entry and accumulation of possibly toxic molecules, comprising many therapeutic drugs. Transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily have an important role in drug delivery, because they extrude a broad molecular diversity of xenobiotics, including several anticancer drugs, preventing their entry into the brain. Gliomas are the most common primary tumors diagnosed in adults, which are often characterized by a poor prognosis, notably in the case of high-grade gliomas. Therapeutic treatments frequently fail due to the difficulty of delivering drugs through the brain barriers, adding to diverse mechanisms developed by the cancer, including the overexpression or expression de novo of ABC transporters in tumoral cells and/or in the endothelial cells forming the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Many models have been developed to study the phenotype, molecular characteristics, and function of the blood-brain interfaces as well as to evaluate drug permeability into the brain. These include in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models, which together can help us to better understand their implication in drug resistance and to develop new therapeutics or delivery strategies to improve the treatment of pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we present the principal characteristics of the blood-brain interfaces; then, we focus on the ABC transporters present on them and their implication in drug delivery; next, we present some of the most important models used for the study of drug transport; finally, we summarize the implication of ABC transporters in glioma and the BBTB in drug resistance and the strategies to improve the delivery of CNS anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez-Zepeda
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.-Z.); (M.-C.M.)
| | - Méryam Taghi
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Decleves
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- UF Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP HP, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- UF Hormonologie adulte, Hôpital Cochin, AP HP, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.-Z.); (M.-C.M.)
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28
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Levy ES, Samy KE, Lamson NG, Whitehead KA, Kroetz DL, Desai TA. Reversible inhibition of efflux transporters by hydrogel microdevices. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 145:76-84. [PMID: 31639417 PMCID: PMC6919324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is a preferred administration route due to its low cost, high patient compliance and fewer adverse events compared to intravenous administration. However, many pharmaceuticals suffer from poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. One major factor that contributes to low bioavailability are efflux transporters which prevent drug absorption through intestinal epithelial cells. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) are two important efflux transporters in the intestine functioning to prevent toxic materials from entering systemic circulation. However, due to its broad substrate specificity, P-gp limits the absorption of many therapeutics, including chemotherapeutics and antibacterial agents. Methods to inhibit P-gp with competitive inhibitors have not been clinically successful. Here, we show that micron scale devices (microdevices) made from a commonly used biomaterial, polyethylene glycol (PEG), inhibit P-gp through a biosimilar mucus in Caco-2 cells and that transporter function is restored when the microdevices are removed. Microdevices were shown to inhibit P-gp mediated transport of calcein AM, doxorubicin, and rhodamine 123 (R123) and BCRP mediated transport of BODIPY-FL-prazosin. When in contact with Caco-2 cells, microdevices decrease the cell surface amount of P-gp without affecting the passive transport. Moreover, there was an increase in mucosal to serosal transport of R123 with microdevices in an ex-vivo mouse model and increased absorption in vivo. This biomaterial-based approach to inhibit efflux transporters can be applied to a range of drug delivery systems and allows for a nonpharmacologic method to increase intestinal drug absorption while limiting toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Levy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Samy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Lamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Li F, Aljahdali I, Ling X. Cancer therapeutics using survivin BIRC5 as a target: what can we do after over two decades of study? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:368. [PMID: 31439015 PMCID: PMC6704566 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Survivin (also named BIRC5) is a well-known cancer therapeutic target. Since its discovery more than two decades ago, the use of survivin as a target for cancer therapeutics has remained a central goal of survivin studies in the cancer field. Many studies have provided intriguing insight into survivin's functional role in cancers, thus providing promise for survivin as a cancer therapeutic target. Despite this, moving survivin-targeting agents into and through the clinic remains a challenge. In order to address this challenge, we may need to rethink current strategies in order to develop a new mindset for targeting survivin. In this Review, we will first summarize the current survivin mechanistic studies, and then review the status of survivin cancer therapeutics, which is classified into five categories: (i) survivin-partner protein interaction inhibitors, (ii) survivin homodimerization inhibitors, (iii) survivin gene transcription inhibitors, (iv) survivin mRNA inhibitors and (v) survivin immunotherapy. We will then provide our opinions on cancer therapeutics using survivin as a target, with the goal of stimulating discussion that might facilitate translational research for discovering improved strategies and/or more effective anticancer agents that target survivin for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA. .,Developmental Therapeutics Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.
| | - Ieman Aljahdali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.,Canget BioTekpharma LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA
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30
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Liu X, Adane E, Tang F, Leggas M. Pharmacokinetic modeling of the blood-stable camptothecin analog AR-67 in two different formulations. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:265-275. [PMID: 31292985 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AR-67 is a lipophilic camptothecin analog currently under clinical investigation using a Cremophor EL based formulation. However, as potential toxicity limitations exist in the clinical use of Cremophor, an alternative cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) based formulation has been proposed. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were conducted in mice and the SBE-β-CD based formulation was compared with the Cremophor EL formulation. PK studies were conducted following intravenous or oral administration of AR-67 in either Cremophor or SBE-β-CD formulation in mice. Noncompartmental analysis was used to determine the plasma and tissue drug distribution. A non-linear mixed effects (population) PK model was developed to fit both the oral and intravenous data and to estimate key PK parameters. The effect of formulation was explored as a covariate in the PK model. AR-67 in the SBE-β-CD formulation had similar plasma PK and biodistribution to that in the Cremophor EL formulation. The proposed two-compartment model described the plasma PK of AR-67 in both formulations adequately. AR-67 in the SBE-β-CD formulation exhibited dose linearity following both oral and intravenous administration. Our studies indicate that SBE-β-CD is a viable alternative to Cremophor EL as a pharmaceutical excipient for formulating AR-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eyob Adane
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH, USA
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 323 Bio Pharm Complex, 789 South Limestone St, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 323 Bio Pharm Complex, 789 South Limestone St, Lexington, KY, USA
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Berthier J, Arnion H, Saint-Marcoux F, Picard N. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 in pharmacology: Overview of its contribution to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics. Life Sci 2019; 231:116540. [PMID: 31176778 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MRP4 is an ABC membrane transporter involved in clinical outcomes as it is located in many tissues that manages the transport and the elimination of many drugs. This review explores the implication of MRP4 in clinical pharmacology and the importance of its genetic variability. Although there is no specific recommendation regarding the study of MRP4 in drug development, it should be considered when drugs are eliminated by the kidney or liver or when drug-drug interactions are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Berthier
- INSERM, UMR 1248, F-87000 Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | - Franck Saint-Marcoux
- INSERM, UMR 1248, F-87000 Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- INSERM, UMR 1248, F-87000 Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, F-87000 Limoges, France.
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Jackson S, Meeks C, Vézina A, Robey RW, Tanner K, Gottesman MM. Model systems for studying the blood-brain barrier: Applications and challenges. Biomaterials 2019; 214:119217. [PMID: 31146177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a serious impediment to the delivery of effective therapies to the central nervous system (CNS). Over time, various model systems have been crafted and used to evaluate the complexities of the BBB, which includes an impermeable physical barrier and a series of energy-dependent efflux pumps. Models of the BBB have mainly sought to assess changes in endothelial cell permeability, the role of ATP-dependent efflux transporters in drug disposition, and alterations in communication between BBB cells and the microenvironment. In the context of disease, various animal models have been utilized to examine real time BBB drug permeability, CNS dynamic changes, and overall treatment response. In this review, we outline the use of these in vitro and in vivo blood-brain barrier model systems to study normal physiology and diseased states. These current models each have their own advantages and disadvantages for studying the response of biologic processes to physiological and pathological conditions. Additional models are needed to mimic more closely the dynamic quality of the BBB, with the goal focused on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Jackson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Caitlin Meeks
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Amélie Vézina
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Robert W Robey
- Multidrug Resistance Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Tissue Morphodynamics Unit, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Multidrug Resistance Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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Clerbaux LA, Paini A, Lumen A, Osman-Ponchet H, Worth AP, Fardel O. Membrane transporter data to support kinetically-informed chemical risk assessment using non-animal methods: Scientific and regulatory perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:659-671. [PMID: 30856453 PMCID: PMC6441651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to low levels of thousands of industrial chemicals, most of which are poorly characterised in terms of their potential toxicity. The new paradigm in chemical risk assessment (CRA) aims to rely on animal-free testing, with kinetics being a key determinant of toxicity when moving from traditional animal studies to integrated in vitro-in silico approaches. In a kinetically informed CRA, membrane transporters, which have been intensively studied during drug development, are an essential piece of information. However, how existing knowledge on transporters gained in the drug field can be applied to CRA is not yet fully understood. This review outlines the opportunities, challenges and existing tools for investigating chemical-transporter interactions in kinetically informed CRA without animal studies. Various environmental chemicals acting as substrates, inhibitors or modulators of transporter activity or expression have been shown to impact TK, just as drugs do. However, because pollutant concentrations are often lower in humans than drugs and because exposure levels and internal chemical doses are not usually known in contrast to drugs, new approaches are required to translate transporter data and reasoning from the drug sector to CRA. Here, the generation of in vitro chemical-transporter interaction data and the development of transporter databases and classification systems trained on chemical datasets (and not only drugs) are proposed. Furtheremore, improving the use of human biomonitoring data to evaluate the in vitro-in silico transporter-related predicted values and developing means to assess uncertainties could also lead to increase confidence of scientists and regulators in animal-free CRA. Finally, a systematic characterisation of the transportome (quantitative monitoring of transporter abundance, activity and maintenance over time) would reinforce confidence in the use of experimental transporter/barrier systems as well as in established cell-based toxicological assays currently used for CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Annie Lumen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environment et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Sawangrat K, Yamashita S, Tanaka A, Morishita M, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Modulation of Intestinal Transport and Absorption of Topotecan, a BCRP Substrate, by Various Pharmaceutical Excipients and Their Inhibitory Mechanisms of BCRP Transporter. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1315-1325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jiang C, Xie L, Zhang Y, Fujinaga M, Mori W, Kurihara Y, Yamasaki T, Wang F, Zhang MR. Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of [ 11C]CEP-32496 in Nude Mice Bearing BRAF V600E Mutation-Induced Melanomas. Mol Imaging 2019; 17:1536012118795952. [PMID: 30251592 PMCID: PMC6156206 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118795952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CEP-32496, also known as RXDX-105 or Agerafenib, is a new orally active inhibitor for the mutated v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAFV600E), which has attracted considerable attention in clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we used carbon-11-labeled CEP-32496 ([11C]CEP-32496) as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties and explore its potential for in vivo imaging. Following radiotracer synthesis, we performed in vitro binding assays and autoradiography of [11C]CEP-32496 in the A375 melanoma cell line and on tumor tissue sections from mice harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. These were followed by PET scans and biodistribution studies on nude mice bearing subcutaneous A375 cell-induced melanoma. [11C]CEP-32496 showed high binding affinity for BRAFV600E-positive A375 melanoma cells and densely accumulated in the respective tissue sections; this could be blocked by the BRAFV600E selective antagonist sorafenib and by unlabeled CEP-32496. The PET and biodistribution results revealed that [11C]CEP-32496 accumulated continuously but slowly into the tumor within a period of 0 to 60 minutes postinjection in A375-melanoma-bearing nude mice. Metabolite analysis showed high in vivo stability of [11C]CEP-32496 in plasma. Our results indicate that [11C]CEP-32496 has excellent specificity and affinity for the BRAFV600E mutation in vitro, while its noninvasive personalized diagnostic role needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jiang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Liu L, Liu X. Contributions of Drug Transporters to Blood-Brain Barriers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:407-466. [PMID: 31571171 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain interfaces comprise the cerebral microvessel endothelium forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelium of the choroid plexuses forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Their main functions are to impede free diffusion between brain fluids and blood; to provide transport processes for essential nutrients, ions, and metabolic waste products; and to regulate the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS), all of which are attributed to absent fenestrations, high expression of tight junction proteins at cell-cell contacts, and expression of multiple transporters, receptors, and enzymes. Existence of BBB is an important reason that systemic drug administration is not suitable for the treatment of CNS diseases. Some diseases, such epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and diabetes, alter BBB function via affecting tight junction proteins or altering expression and function of these transporters. This chapter will illustrate function of BBB, expression of transporters, as well as their alterations under disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
The transport of specific molecules across lipid membranes is an essential function of all living organisms. The processes are usually mediated by specific transporters. One of the largest transporter families is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family. More than 40 ABC transporters have been identified in human, which are divided into 7 subfamilies (ABCA to ABCG) based on their gene structure, amino acid sequence, domain organization, and phylogenetic analysis. Of them, at least 11 ABC transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-GP/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) development. These ABC transporters are expressed in various tissues such as the liver, intestine, kidney, and brain, playing important roles in absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. Some ABC transporters are also involved in diverse cellular processes such as maintenance of osmotic homeostasis, antigen processing, cell division, immunity, cholesterol, and lipid trafficking. Several human diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sitosterolemia, Tangier disease, intrahepatic cholestasis, and retinal degeneration are associated with mutations in corresponding transporters. This chapter will describe function and expression of several ABC transporters (such as P-GP, BCRP, and MRPs), their substrates and inhibitors, as well as their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Modulation of Opioid Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier by Altered ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Expression and Activity. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040192. [PMID: 30340346 PMCID: PMC6321372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are highly effective analgesics that have a serious potential for adverse drug reactions and for development of addiction and tolerance. Since the use of opioids has escalated in recent years, it is increasingly important to understand biological mechanisms that can increase the probability of opioid-associated adverse events occurring in patient populations. This is emphasized by the current opioid epidemic in the United States where opioid analgesics are frequently abused and misused. It has been established that the effectiveness of opioids is maximized when these drugs readily access opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, opioid delivery to the brain is significantly influenced by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In particular, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that are endogenously expressed at the BBB are critical determinants of CNS opioid penetration. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge on the transport of opioid analgesic drugs by ABC transporters at the BBB. We will also examine how expression and trafficking of ABC transporters can be modified by pain and/or opioid pharmacotherapy, a novel mechanism that can promote opioid-associated adverse drug events and development of addiction and tolerance.
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40
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Pan Y, Nicolazzo JA. Impact of aging, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease on the blood-brain barrier transport of therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 135:62-74. [PMID: 29665383 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Older people are at a greater risk of medicine-induced toxicity resulting from either increased drug sensitivity or age-related pharmacokinetic changes. The scenario is further complicated with the two most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). With aging, AD and PD, there is growing evidence of altered structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including modifications to tight junctions and efflux transporters, such as P-glycoprotein. The subsequent impact on CNS drug exposure and risk of neurotoxicity from systemically-acting medicines is less well characterized. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to provide an overview of the multiple changes that occur to the BBB as a result of aging, AD and PD, and the impact that such changes have on CNS exposure of drugs, based on studies conducted in aged rodents or rodent models of disease, and in elderly people with and without AD or PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Tod M, Goutelle S, Bleyzac N, Bourguignon L. A Generic Model for Quantitative Prediction of Interactions Mediated by Efflux Transporters and Cytochromes: Application to P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome 3A4. Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 58:503-523. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ni W, Chen W, Lu Y. Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3820-3833. [PMID: 29992751 PMCID: PMC6089171 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Hence, the need to develop improved therapies to prevent and treat metastasis to the brain is becoming urgent. Recent studies in this area are bringing about some advanced progress on brain metastasis. It was concluded that the occurrence and poor prognosis of brain metastasis have been mostly attributed to the exclusion of anticancer drugs from the brain by the blood-brain barrier. And several highly potent new generation targeted drugs with enhanced CNS distribution have been developed constantly. However, the noted "seed and soil" hypothesis also suggests that the outcome of metastasis depends on the relationship between unique tumor cells and the specific organ microenvironment. Moreover, increasing studies in multiple tumor types demonstrated that brain metastasis has great molecular differences between primary tumors and extracranial metastasis to a large extent. Here, the authors summarized the most common malignancies that could lead to brain metastasis-lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma and their related mutated factors. Only by comprehending a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms, more effective brain-specific therapies will be developed for brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjingChina
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjingChina
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Fan Y, Liu X. Alterations in Expression and Function of ABC Family Transporters at Blood-Brain Barrier under Liver Failure and Their Clinical Significances. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030102. [PMID: 30041501 PMCID: PMC6161250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is often associated with hepatic encephalopathy, due to dyshomeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, the CNS homeostasis is precisely regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB consists of brain microvessel endothelial cells connected with a junctional complex by the adherens junctions and tight junctions. Its main function is to maintain brain homoeostasis via limiting the entry of drugs/toxins to brain. The brain microvessel endothelial cells are characterized by minimal pinocytotic activity, absent fenestrations, and highly expressions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family transporters (such as P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance-associated proteins). These ABC transporters prevent brain from toxin accumulation by pumping toxins out of brain. Accumulating evidences demonstrates that liver failure diseases altered the expression and function of ABC transporters at The BBB, indicating that the alterations subsequently affect drugs’ brain distribution and CNS activity/neurotoxicity. ABC transporters also mediate the transport of endogenous substrates across the BBB, inferring that ABC transporters are also implicated in some physiological processes and the development of hepatic encephalopathy. This paper focuses on the alteration in the BBB permeability, the expression and function of ABC transporters at the BBB under liver failure status and their clinical significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Fan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Barriers to Effective Drug Treatment for Brain Metastases: A Multifactorial Problem in the Delivery of Precision Medicine. Pharm Res 2018; 35:177. [PMID: 30003344 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic lesions in the brain represents a serious unmet medical need in the field of neuro-oncology. Even though many effective compounds have demonstrated success in treating peripheral (non-CNS) tumors with targeted agents, one aspect of this lack of success in the brain may be related to poor delivery of otherwise effective compounds. Many factors can influence the brain delivery of these agents, but one key barrier is a heterogeneously "leaky" BBB that expresses efflux transporters that limit the BBB permeability for many targeted agents. Future success in therapeutics for brain metastases must take into account the adequate delivery of "active, free drug" to the target, and may include combinations of targeted drugs that are appropriate to address each individual patient's tumor type. This review discusses some issues that are pertinent to precision medicine for brain metastases, using specific examples of tumor types that have a high incidence of brain metastases.
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45
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Robey RW, Pluchino KM, Hall MD, Fojo AT, Bates SE, Gottesman MM. Revisiting the role of ABC transporters in multidrug-resistant cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:452-464. [PMID: 29643473 PMCID: PMC6622180 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1133] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Most patients who die of cancer have disseminated disease that has become resistant to multiple therapeutic modalities. Ample evidence suggests that the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, especially the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, also known as P-glycoprotein or P-gp), which is encoded by ABC subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), can confer resistance to cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapy. However, the development of MDR1 as a therapeutic target has been unsuccessful. At the time of its discovery, appropriate tools for the characterization and clinical development of MDR1 as a therapeutic target were lacking. Thirty years after the initial cloning and characterization of MDR1 and the implication of two additional ABC transporters, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1; encoded by ABCC1)), and ABCG2, in multidrug resistance, interest in investigating these transporters as therapeutic targets has waned. However, with the emergence of new data and advanced techniques, we propose to re-evaluate whether these transporters play a clinical role in multidrug resistance. With this Opinion article, we present recent evidence indicating that it is time to revisit the investigation into the role of ABC transporters in efficient drug delivery in various cancer types and at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen M Pluchino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Antonio T Fojo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Manhattan, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Susan E Bates
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Manhattan, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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46
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Abdullahi W, Tripathi D, Ronaldson PT. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in ischemic stroke: targeting tight junctions and transporters for vascular protection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C343-C356. [PMID: 29949404 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00095.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and biochemical barrier that precisely controls cerebral homeostasis. It also plays a central role in the regulation of blood-to-brain flux of endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics and associated metabolites. This is accomplished by molecular characteristics of brain microvessel endothelial cells such as tight junction protein complexes and functional expression of influx and efflux transporters. One of the pathophysiological features of ischemic stroke is disruption of the BBB, which significantly contributes to development of brain injury and subsequent neurological impairment. Biochemical characteristics of BBB damage include decreased expression and altered organization of tight junction constituent proteins as well as modulation of functional expression of endogenous BBB transporters. Therefore, there is a critical need for development of novel therapeutic strategies that can protect against BBB dysfunction (i.e., vascular protection) in the setting of ischemic stroke. Such strategies include targeting tight junctions to ensure that they maintain their correct structure or targeting transporters to control flux of physiological substrates for protection of endothelial homeostasis. In this review, we will describe the pathophysiological mechanisms in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells that lead to BBB dysfunction following onset of stroke. Additionally, we will utilize this state-of-the-art knowledge to provide insights on novel pharmacological strategies that can be developed to confer BBB protection in the setting of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazir Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dinesh Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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47
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Therapeutic Potential and Utility of Elacridar with Respect to P-glycoprotein Inhibition: An Insight from the Published In Vitro, Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 42:915-933. [PMID: 28374336 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of efflux mechanisms via Permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) recognized as an important physiological process impedes drug entry or transport across membranes into tissues. In some instances, either low oral bioavailability or lack of brain penetration has been attributed to P-gp mediated efflux activity. Therefore, the objective of development of P-gp inhibitors was to facilitate the attainment of higher drug exposures in tissues. Many third-generation P-gp inhibitors such as elacridar, tariquidar, zosuquidar, etc. have entered clinical development to fulfil the promise. The body of evidence from in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical data reviewed in this paper provides the basis for an effective blockade of P-gp efflux mechanism by elacridar. However, clinical translation of the promise has been elusive not just for elacridar but also for other P-gp inhibitors in this class. The review provides introspection and perspectives on the lack of clinical translation of this class of drugs and a broad framework of strategies and considerations in the potential application of elacridar and other P-gp inhibitors in oncology therapeutics.
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de Gooijer MC, de Vries NA, Buckle T, Buil LCM, Beijnen JH, Boogerd W, van Tellingen O. Improved Brain Penetration and Antitumor Efficacy of Temozolomide by Inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Neoplasia 2018; 20:710-720. [PMID: 29852323 PMCID: PMC6030392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer drug temozolomide is the only drug with proven activity against high-grade gliomas and has therefore become a part of the standard treatment of these tumors. P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; ABCG2) are transport proteins, which are present at the blood-brain barrier and limit the brain uptake of substrate drugs. We have studied the effect of P-gp and BCRP on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of temozolomide, making use of a comprehensive set of in vitro transport experiments and in vivo pharmacokinetic and antitumor efficacy experiments using wild-type, Abcg2−/−, Abcb1a/b−/−, and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2−/− mice. We here show that the combined deletion of Abcb1a/b and Abcg2 increases the brain penetration of temozolomide by 1.5-fold compared to wild-type controls (P < .001) without changing the systemic drug exposure. Moreover, the same increase was achieved when temozolomide was given to wild-type mice in combination with the dual P-gp/BCRP inhibitor elacridar (GF120918). The antitumor efficacy of temozolomide against three different intracranial tumor models was significantly enhanced when Abcb1a/b and Abcg2 were genetically deficient or pharmacologically inhibited in recipient mice. These findings call for further clinical testing of temozolomide in combination with elacridar for the treatment of gliomas, as this offers the perspective of further improving the antitumor efficacy of this already active agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke A de Vries
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/MC Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Boogerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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BCRP expression in schwannoma, plexiform neurofibroma and MPNST. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88751-88759. [PMID: 29179472 PMCID: PMC5687642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background peripheral nerve sheath tumors comprise a broad spectrum of neoplasms. Vestibular schwannomas and plexiform neurofibromas are symptomatic albeit benign, but a subset of the latter pre-malignant lesions will transform to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). Surgery and radiotherapy are the primary strategies to treat these tumors. Intrinsic resistance to drug therapy characterizes all three tumor subtypes. The breast cancer resistance protein BCRP is a transmembrane efflux transporter considered to play a key role in various biological barriers such as the blood brain barrier. At the same time it is associated with drug resistance in various tumors. Its potential role in drug resistant tumors of the peripheral nervous system is largely unknown. Objective to assess if BCRP is expressed in vestibular schwannomas, plexiform neurofibromas and MPNST. Material and methods immunohistochemical staining for BCRP was performed on a tissue microarray composed out of 22 vestibular schwannomas, 10 plexiform neurofibromas and 18 MPNSTs. Results sixteen out of twenty-two vestibular schwannomas (73%), nine out of ten plexiform neurofibromas (90%) and six out of eighteen MPNST (33%) expressed BCRP in the vasculature. Tumor cells were negative. Conclusion BCRP is present in the vasculature of vestibular schwannomas, plexiform neurofibromas and MPSNT. Therefore, it may reduce the drug exposure of underlying tumor tissues and potentially cause failure of drug therapy.
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Atilano-Roque A, Roda G, Fogueri U, Kiser JJ, Joy MS. Effect of Disease Pathologies on Transporter Expression and Function. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S205-21. [PMID: 27385176 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transporters are important determinants of drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. The clinical relevance of drug transporters in drug disposition and toxicology depends on their localization in liver, kidney, and brain. There has been growing evidence regarding the importance of disease status on alterations in metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins. This review focuses on uptake and efflux transporter proteins in liver, kidney, and brain and discusses mechanisms of altered transporter expression and function secondary to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gavriel Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uma Fogueri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kiser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie S Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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