1
|
Guo JR, He KY, Yuan JL, An W, Yin WT, Li QT, Lu LY, Yang JY, Liu MJ, Li YJ, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Lei XY, Gao F, Zhang L, Wu DH, Li JQ, Zhao ZL, Liu H, Zhu LJ, Xiang XY, Sun QH, Jian YP, Xu ZX. HMGA1 sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to mTOR inhibitors through the ETS1-FKBP12 axis. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2640-2657. [PMID: 38725843 PMCID: PMC11077367 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is amongst the prevalent malignancies worldwide, characterized by unclear molecular classifications and varying clinical outcomes. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, one of the frequently perturbed dysregulated pathways in human malignancies, has instigated the development of various inhibitory agents targeting this pathway, but many ESCC patients exhibit intrinsic or adaptive resistance to these inhibitors. Here, we aim to explore the reasons for the insensitivity of ESCC patients to mTOR inhibitors. We assessed the sensitivity to rapamycin in various ESCC cell lines by determining their respective IC50 values and found that cells with a low level of HMGA1 were more tolerant to rapamycin. Subsequent experiments have supported this finding. Through a transcriptome sequencing, we identified a crucial downstream effector of HMGA1, FKBP12, and found that FKBP12 was necessary for HMGA1-induced cell sensitivity to rapamycin. HMGA1 interacted with ETS1, and facilitated the transcription of FKBP12. Finally, we validated this regulatory axis in in vivo experiments, where HMGA1 deficiency in transplanted tumors rendered them resistance to rapamycin. Therefore, we speculate that mTOR inhibitor therapy for individuals exhibiting a reduced level of HMGA1 or FKBP12 may not work. Conversely, individuals exhibiting an elevated level of HMGA1 or FKBP12 are more suitable candidates for mTOR inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang JY, Lei XY, He KY, Guo JR, Liu MJ, Li JQ, Li QT, Jiang ZH, Zhang L, Wu DH, Li YJ, Sun QH, Jian YP, Xu ZX. HMGA1 drives chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:158. [PMID: 38383528 PMCID: PMC10881472 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a primary treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is an important hurdle to effective treatment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance in ESCC is an unmet medical need to improve the survival of ESCC. Herein, we demonstrate that ferroptosis triggered by inhibiting high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) may provide a novel opportunity to gain an effective therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in ESCC. HMGA1 is upregulated in ESCC and works as a key driver for cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ESCC by repressing ferroptosis. Inhibition of HMGA1 enhances the sensitivity of ESCC to ferroptosis. With a transcriptome analysis and following-up assays, we demonstrated that HMGA1 upregulates the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), a key transporter maintaining intracellular glutathione homeostasis and inhibiting the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), thereby suppressing cell ferroptosis. HMGA1 acts as a chromatin remodeling factor promoting the binding of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) to the promoter of SLC7A11, and hence enhancing the transcription of SLC7A11 and maintaining the redox balance. We characterized that the enhanced chemosensitivity of ESCC is primarily attributed to the increased susceptibility of ferroptosis resulting from the depletion of HMGA1. Moreover, we utilized syngeneic allograft tumor models and genetically engineered mice of HMGA1 to induce ESCC and validated that depletion of HMGA1 promotes ferroptosis and restores the sensitivity of ESCC to DDP, and hence enhances the therapeutic efficacy. Our finding uncovers a critical role of HMGA1 in the repression of ferroptosis and thus in the establishment of DDP resistance in ESCC, highlighting HMGA1-based rewiring strategies as potential approaches to overcome ESCC chemotherapy resistance. Schematic depicting that HMGA1 maintains intracellular redox homeostasis against ferroptosis by assisting ATF4 to activate SLC7A11 transcription, resulting in ESCC resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai-Yue He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-Rong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Meng-Jie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiu-Tong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Dan-Hui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Jia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian-Hui Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cellular Transcriptomics of Carboplatin Resistance in a Metastatic Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030558. [PMID: 36980828 PMCID: PMC10048144 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma prognosis has remained unchanged for the past three decades. In both humans and canines, treatment is limited to excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. Chemoresistance is the primary cause of treatment failure, and the trajectory of tumor evolution while under selective pressure from treatment is thought to be the major contributing factor in both species. We sought to understand the nature of platinum-based chemotherapy resistance by investigating cells that were subjected to repeated treatment and recovery cycles with increased carboplatin concentrations. Three HMPOS-derived cell lines, two resistant and one naïve, underwent single-cell RNA sequencing to examine transcriptomic perturbation and identify pathways leading to resistance and phenotypic changes. We identified the mechanisms of acquired chemoresistance and inferred the induced cellular trajectory that evolved with repeated exposure. The gene expression patterns indicated that acquired chemoresistance was strongly associated with a process similar to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenomenon associated with the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties associated with metastatic disease. We conclude that the observed trajectory of tumor adaptability is directly correlated with chemoresistance and the phase of the EMT-like phenotype is directly affected by the level of chemoresistance. We infer that the EMT-like phenotype is a critical component of tumor evolution under treatment pressure and is vital to understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance and to improving osteosarcoma prognosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Zhang J, Xia M, Liu C, Zu X, Zhong J. High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1): Structure, Biological Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4414-4431. [PMID: 35864955 PMCID: PMC9295051 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is a nonhistone chromatin structural protein characterized by no transcriptional activity. It mainly plays a regulatory role by modifying the structure of DNA. A large number of studies have confirmed that HMGA1 regulates genes related to tumours in the reproductive system, digestive system, urinary system and haematopoietic system. HMGA1 is rare in adult cells and increases in highly proliferative cells such as embryos. After being stimulated by external factors, it will produce effects through the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, Hippo and MEK/ERK pathways. In addition, HMGA1 also affects the ageing, apoptosis, autophagy and chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells, which are linked to tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of HMGA1 in cancer progression and discuss the potential clinical application of targeted HMGA1 therapy, indicating that targeted HMGA1 is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, First School of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Medical, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Di Molfetta D, Greco MR, Alfarouk KO, Cardone RA. Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2486. [PMID: 35626089 PMCID: PMC9139729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and inadequate response to treatment. Many factors contribute to this therapeutic failure: lack of symptoms until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, leading to late diagnosis; early lymphatic and hematic spread; advanced age of patients; important development of a pro-tumoral and hyperfibrotic stroma; high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity; poor vascular supply; a highly acidic matrix; extreme hypoxia; and early development of resistance to the available therapeutic options. In most cases, the disease is silent for a long time, andwhen it does become symptomatic, it is too late for ablative surgery; this is one of the major reasons explaining the short survival associated with the disease. Even when surgery is possible, relapsesare frequent, andthe causes of this devastating picture are the low efficacy ofand early resistance to all known chemotherapeutic treatments. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the roots of this resistance in order to improve the benefits of therapy. PDAC chemoresistance is the final product of different, but to some extent, interconnected factors. Surgery, being the most adequate treatment for pancreatic cancer and the only one that in a few selected cases can achieve longer survival, is only possible in less than 20% of patients. Thus, the treatment burden relies on chemotherapy in mostcases. While the FOLFIRINOX scheme has a slightly longer overall survival, it also produces many more adverse eventsso that gemcitabine is still considered the first choice for treatment, especially in combination with other compounds/agents. This review discusses the multiple causes of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yi YW, Park NY, Park JI, Seong YS, Hong YB. Doxycycline potentiates the anti-proliferation effects of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3515-3536. [PMID: 34354858 PMCID: PMC8332860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is often recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, gemcitabine resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Our group serendipitously identified the role of doxycycline as a potentiator of gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer cells. Doxycycline and gemcitabine co-treatment was significantly more cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells compared to gemcitabine alone. Interestingly, doxycycline only exerted synergistic effects when coupled with gemcitabine as opposed to other conventional chemotherapeutics including nucleoside analogs. The anti-clonogenic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells were also enhanced by doxycycline. According to cell cycle analyses, doxycycline prolonged gemcitabine-mediated S phase cell cycle arrest. Further, gene expression profiling analyses indicated that a small set of genes involved in cell cycle regulation were uniquely modulated by gemcitabine and doxycycline co-treatment compared to gemcitabine alone. Western blot analyses indicated that several cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin D1, p21, and DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), were further modulated by doxycycline and gemcitabine co-treatment. Taken together, our findings indicate that doxycycline enhances the effects of gemcitabine on cell cycle progression, thus rendering pancreatic cancer cells more sensitive to gemcitabine. However, additional studies are required to assess the mechanisms of doxycycline and gemcitabine synergism, which might lead to novel treatment options for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook UniversityCheonan, Korea
| | - Na Young Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook UniversityCheonan, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Innamarato P, Morse J, Mackay A, Asby S, Beatty M, Blauvelt J, Kidd S, Mullinax JE, Sarnaik AA, Pilon-Thomas S. Intralesional injection of rose bengal augments the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy against pancreatic tumors. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:756. [PMID: 34187428 PMCID: PMC8243723 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy regimens that include the utilization of gemcitabine are the standard of care in pancreatic cancer patients. However, most patients with advanced pancreatic cancer die within the first 2 years after diagnosis, even when treated with standard of care chemotherapy. This study aims to explore combination therapies that could boost the efficacy of standard of care regimens in pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS In this study, we used PV-10, a 10% solution of rose bengal, to induce the death of human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. Murine in vivo studies were carried out to examine the effectiveness of the direct injection of PV-10 into syngeneic pancreatic tumors in causing lesion-specific ablation. Intralesional PV-10 treatment was combined with systemic gemcitabine treatment in tumor-bearing mice to investigate the control of growth among treated tumors and distal uninjected tumors. The involvement of the immune-mediated clearance of tumors was examined in immunogenic tumor models that express ovalbumin (OVA). RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that the injection of PV-10 into mouse pancreatic tumors caused lesion-specific ablation. We show that the combination of intralesional PV-10 with the systemic administration of gemcitabine caused lesion-specific ablation and delayed the growth of distal uninjected tumors. We observed that this treatment strategy was markedly more successful in immunogenic tumors that express the neoantigen OVA, suggesting that the combination therapy enhanced the immune clearance of tumors. Moreover, the regression of tumors in mice that received PV-10 in combination with gemcitabine was associated with the depletion of splenic CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and increases in damage associated molecular patterns HMGB1, S100A8, and IL-1α. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that intralesional therapy with PV-10 in combination with gemcitabine can enhance anti-tumor activity against pancreatic tumors and raises the potential for this strategy to be used for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Innamarato
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Morse
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Amy Mackay
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sarah Asby
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Matthew Beatty
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jamie Blauvelt
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Scott Kidd
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John E Mullinax
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Sarcoma Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Su L, Huang C, Wu S, Qiu X, Zhao X, Meng Q, Meng YM, Kong X, Wang M, Liu C, Wong PP. Galactosyltransferase B4GALT1 confers chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas by upregulating N-linked glycosylation of CDK11 p110. Cancer Lett 2021; 500:228-243. [PMID: 33309857 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation in pancreatic cancer has been linked to cancer development, progression and chemoresistance. However, the role of glycogene, such as galactosyltransferase, in pancreatic cancer remains unknown. Herein, we establish beta-1.4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) as a clinical marker and regulator of chemoresistance. Clinically, high B4GALT1 expression correlates with poor survival, enhanced tumor size, increased lymph node metastasis, elevated cancer progression and enhanced incidence of relapse in PDAC patients. Expression of B4GALT1 is up-regulated in gemcitabine resistant patient derived organoids as well as chemoresistant cancer cell lines, while genetic perturbation of its expression in PDAC cell lines regulates cancer progression and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, we show that elevated p65 activity transcriptionally up-regulates B4GALT1 expression, which then interacts with and stabilizes cyclin dependent kinase 11 isomer CDK11p110 protein via N-linked glycosylation, in order to promote cancer progression and chemoresistance. Finally, depletion of B4GALT1 rescues the response of chemoresistant cells to gemcitabine in an orthotopic PDAC model. Overall, our data uncovers a mechanism by which p65-B4GALT1-CDK11p110 signalling axis determines cancer progression and chemoresistance, providing a new therapeutic target for an improved pancreatic cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liangping Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sangqing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinbao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsai LH, Hsu KW, Chiang CM, Yang HJ, Liu YH, Yang SF, Peng PH, Cheng WC, Wu HH. Targeting interleukin-17 receptor B enhances gemcitabine sensitivity through downregulation of mucins in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17817. [PMID: 33082357 PMCID: PMC7576602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide due to its poorest prognoses with a 7% 5-year survival rate. Eighty percent of pancreatic cancer patients relapse after chemotherapy and develop early metastasis and drug resistance. Resistance to nucleoside analog gemcitabine frequently used in first-line therapy is an urgent issue in pancreatic cancer treatment. Expression of mucin (MUC) glycoproteins has been shown to enhance chemoresistance via increased cell stemness. Here we show interlukine-17 receptor B (IL-17RB) expression is positively correlated with MUC1 and MUC4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells and tumor tissue. Moreover, IL-17RB transcriptionally up-regulates expression of MUC1 and MUC4 to enhance cancer stem-like properties and resistance to gemcitabine. These results suggest IL-17RB can be a potential target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Indeed, treatment with IL-17RB-neutralizing antibody has a synergistic effect in combination with gemcitabine for killing pancreatic cancer cells. Altogether, these findings provide feasible applications for IL-17RB-targeting therapy in pancreatic cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Hung Tsai
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ju Yang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Peng
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsiung Wu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pegoraro S, Ros G, Sgubin M, Petrosino S, Zambelli A, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G. Targeting the intrinsically disordered architectural High Mobility Group A (HMGA) oncoproteins in breast cancer: learning from the past to design future strategies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:953-969. [PMID: 32970506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1814738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult breast cancer subtype to treat because of its heterogeneity and lack of specific therapeutic targets. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatin architectural factors that have multiple oncogenic functions in breast cancer, and they represent promising molecular therapeutic targets for this disease. AREAS COVERED We offer an overview of the strategies that have been exploited to counteract HMGA oncoprotein activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also present the possibility of targeting cancer-associated factors that lie downstream of HMGA proteins and discuss the contribution of HMGA proteins to chemoresistance. EXPERT OPINION Different strategies have been exploited to counteract HMGA protein activities; these involve interfering with their nucleic acid binding properties and the blocking of HMGA expression. Some approaches have provided promising results. However, some unique characteristics of the HMGA proteins have not been exploited; these include their extensive protein-protein interaction network and their intrinsically disordered status that present the possibility that HMGA proteins could be involved in the formation of proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLO) by liquid-liquid phase separation. These unexplored characteristics could open new pharmacological avenues to counteract the oncogenic contributions of HMGA proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Sgubin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Petrosino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khodyreva S, Lavrik O. Non-canonical interaction of DNA repair proteins with intact and cleaved AP sites. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 90:102847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
12
|
Liu M, Zhang Y, Yang J, Cui X, Zhou Z, Zhan H, Ding K, Tian X, Yang Z, Fung KMA, Edil BH, Postier RG, Bronze MS, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Stemmler MP, Brabletz T, Li YP, Houchen CW, Li M. ZIP4 Increases Expression of Transcription Factor ZEB1 to Promote Integrin α3β1 Signaling and Inhibit Expression of the Gemcitabine Transporter ENT1 in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:679-692.e1. [PMID: 31711924 PMCID: PMC7837454 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic tumors undergo rapid growth and progression, become resistant to chemotherapy, and recur after surgery. We studied the functions of the solute carrier family 39 member 4 (SLC39A4, also called ZIP4), which regulates concentrations of intracellular zinc and is increased in pancreatic cancer cells, in cell lines and mice. METHODS We obtained 93 pancreatic cancer specimens (tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues) from patients who underwent surgery and gemcitabine chemotherapy and analyzed them by immunohistochemistry. ZIP4 and/or ITGA3 or ITGB1 were overexpressed or knocked down with short hairpin RNAs in AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells lines, and in pancreatic cells from KPC and KPC-ZEB1-knockout mice, and pancreatic spheroids were established; cells and spheroids were analyzed by immunoblots, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We studied transcriptional regulation of ZEB1, ITGA3, ITGB1, JNK, and ENT1 by ZIP4 using chromatin precipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Nude mice were given injections of genetically manipulated AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, and growth of xenograft tumors and metastases was measured. RESULTS In pancreatic cancer specimens from patients, increased levels of ZIP4 were associated with shorter survival times. MIA PaCa-2 cells that overexpressed ZIP4 had increased resistance to gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin, whereas AsPC-1 cells with ZIP4 knockdown had increased sensitivity to these drugs. In mice, xenograft tumors grown from AsPC-1 cells with ZIP4 knockdown were smaller and more sensitive to gemcitabine. ZIP4 overexpression significantly reduced accumulation of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells, increased growth of xenograft tumors in mice, and increased expression of the integrin subunits ITGA3 and ITGB1; expression levels of ITGA3 and ITGB1 were reduced in cells with ZIP4 knockdown. Pancreatic cancer cells with ITGA3 or ITGB1 knockdown had reduced proliferation and formed smaller tumors in mice, despite overexpression of ZIP4; spheroids established from these cells had increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. We found ZIP4 to activate STAT3 to induce expression of ZEB1, which induced expression of ITGA3 and ITGB1 in KPC cells. Increased ITGA3 and ITGB1 expression and subsequent integrin α3β1 signaling, via c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibited expression of the gemcitabine transporter ENT1, which reduced gemcitabine uptake by pancreatic cancer cells. ZEB1-knockdown cells had increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS In studies of pancreatic cancer cell lines and mice, we found that ZIP4 increases expression of the transcription factor ZEB1, which activates expression of ITGA3 and ITGB1. The subsequent increase in integrin α3β1 signaling, via JNK, inhibits expression of the gemcitabine transporter ENT1, so that cells take up smaller amounts of the drug. Activation of this pathway might help mediate resistance of pancreatic tumors to chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiang Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming A. Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Barish H. Edil
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Russell G. Postier
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael S. Bronze
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;,Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marc P. Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney W. Houchen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aier I, Semwal R, Dhara A, Sen N, Varadwaj PK. An integrated epigenome and transcriptome analysis identifies PAX2 as a master regulator of drug resistance in high grade pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223554. [PMID: 31622355 PMCID: PMC6797122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notoriously difficult to treat due to its aggressive, ever resilient nature. A major drawback lies in its tumor grade; a phenomenon observed across various carcinomas, where highly differentiated and undifferentiated tumor grades, termed as low and high grade respectively, are found in the same tumor. One eminent problem due to such heterogeneity is drug resistance in PDAC. This has been implicated to ABC transporter family of proteins that are upregulated in PDAC patients. However, the regulation of these transporters with respect to tumor grade in PDAC is not well understood. To combat these issues, a study was designed to identify novel genes that might regulate drug resistance phenotype and be used as targets. By integrating epigenome with transcriptome data, several genes were identified based around high grade PDAC. Further analysis indicated oncogenic PAX2 transcription factor as a novel regulator of drug resistance in high grade PDAC cell lines. It was observed that silencing of PAX2 resulted in increased susceptibility of high grade PDAC cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistically, the study showed that PAX2 protein can bind and alter transcriptionally; expression of many ABC transporter genes in high grade PDAC cell lines. Overall, the study indicated that PAX2 significantly upregulated ABC family of genes resulting in drug resistance and poor survival in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imlimaong Aier
- Department of Bioinformatics & Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology—Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Semwal
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology—Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aiindrila Dhara
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Nirmalya Sen
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- S.N.Bose Innovation Centre, University Of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics & Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology—Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou YJ, Zhu GQ, Zhang QW, Zheng KI, Chen JN, Zhang XT, Wang QW, Li XB. Survival-Associated Alternative Messenger RNA Splicing Signatures in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Study Based on RNA-Sequencing Data. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1207-1222. [PMID: 31483163 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that cancer-specific alternative splicing (AS) alterations are associated with clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to profile prognostic AS signatures for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We integrated the percent-spliced-in (PSI) data of AS in 140 PDAC patients based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We identified overall survival (OS)-associated AS events using univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, prognostic AS signatures were constructed for OS and chemoresistance prediction using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. We also analyzed splicing factors (SFs) regulatory networks by Pearson's correlation. We detected 677 OS-related AS events in 485 genes by profiling 10,354 AS events obtained from 140 PDAC patients. Gene functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the pathways enriched by survival-associated AS. The AS signatures constructed with significant survival-associated AS events revealed high performance in predicting PDAC survival and gemcitabine chemoresistance. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.937 in training cohort and 0.748 in validation cohort at 2000 days of OS. Furthermore, we identified prognostic SFs (e.g., ESRP1 and HNRNPC) to build the AS regulatory network. We constructed AS signatures for OS and gemcitabine chemoresistance in PDAC patients, which may provide clues for further experiment-based mechanism study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-Nan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Wen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou L, Jia S, Ding G, Zhang M, Yu W, Wu Z, Cao L. Down-regulation of miR-30a-5p is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Promotes Chemoresistance of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5031-5040. [PMID: 31602254 PMCID: PMC6775620 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes, and therefore has been studied extensively. However, its expression and function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. Furthermore, whether miR-30a-5p affects sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine (GEM) is worthy of further exploration. The results showed that miR-30a-5p expression in pancreatic cancer was decreased and the down-regulated expression correlated with poor prognosis, while up-regulating miR-30a-5p suppressed tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle and increased apoptosis. MiRNA expression profiles between gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells and parental pancreatic cancer cells showed significant change of miR-30a-5p expression. Besides, up-regulating miR-30a-5p in PDAC significantly increased the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine. Furthermore, FOXD1 is a direct target of miR-30a-5p and the miR-30a-5p/FOXD1/ERK axis may play an important role in the development of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. In summary, our study showed that miR-30a-5p increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine, and it may be a potential therapeutic target to overcome gemcitabine resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Guoping Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takakura K, Kawamura A, Torisu Y, Koido S, Yahagi N, Saruta M. The Clinical Potential of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics against Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133331. [PMID: 31284594 PMCID: PMC6651255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for pancreatic cancer have been proposed, an urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies remains. Oligonucleotide therapeutics, such as those based on antisense RNAs, small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), aptamers, and decoys, are promising agents against pancreatic cancer, because they can identify a specific mRNA fragment of a given sequence or protein, and interfere with gene expression as molecular-targeted agents. Within the past 25 years, the diversity and feasibility of these drugs as diagnostic or therapeutic tools have dramatically increased. Several clinical and preclinical studies of oligonucleotides have been conducted for patients with pancreatic cancer. To support the discovery of effective diagnostic or therapeutic options using oligonucleotide-based strategies, in the absence of satisfactory therapies for long-term survival and the increasing trend of diseases, we summarize the current clinical trials of oligonucleotide therapeutics for pancreatic cancer patients, with underlying preclinical and scientific data, and focus on the possibility of oligonucleotides for targeting pancreatic cancer in clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Takakura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kawamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yuichi Torisu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
GATA1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer through Antiapoptotic Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:9474273. [PMID: 31093285 PMCID: PMC6481023 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9474273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, chemoresistance is a major obstacle to drug efficacy, leading to poor prognosis. Little progress has been achieved although multiple mechanisms are investigated. Therefore, effective strategies are urgently needed to overcome drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) promotes gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer through antiapoptotic pathway. GATA1 is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, and GATA1 status is an independent predictor of prognosis and response to gemcitabine therapy. Further investigation demonstrates GATA1 is involved in both intrinsic and acquired gemcitabine resistance in PDAC cells. Mechanistically, we find that GATA1 upregulates Bcl-XL expression by binding to its promoter and thus induces gemcitabine resistance through enhancing Bcl-XL mediated antiapoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in PDAC patients, Bcl-XL expression is positively correlated with GATA1 level and predicts clinical outcomes and gemcitabine response. Taken together, our results indicate that GATA1 is a novel marker and potential target for pancreatic cancer. Targeting GATA1 combined with Bcl-XL may be a promising strategy to enhance gemcitabine response.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) is superior to injectable rMETase and overcomes acquired gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
19
|
Fu F, Wang T, Wu Z, Feng Y, Wang W, Zhou S, Ma X, Wang S. HMGA1 exacerbates tumor growth through regulating the cell cycle and accelerates migration/invasion via targeting miR-221/222 in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:594. [PMID: 29789601 PMCID: PMC5964147 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook1 (HMGA1, formerly HMG-I/Y), an architectural transcription factor, participates in a number of tumor biological processes. However, its effect on cervical cancer remains largely indistinct. In this study, we found that HMGA1 was generally overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues and was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage. Via exogenously increasing or decreasing the expression of HMGA1, we showed that HMGA1 affected the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Rescue experiments suggested that miR-221/222 could partly reverse HMGA1-mediated migration and invasion processes. Mechanistically, we discovered that HMGA1 accelerated the G1/S phase transition by regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, which was consistent with the results of the in vivo experiment. Furthermore, we found that HMGA1 regulated the expression of the miR-221/222 cluster at the transcriptional level and that miR-221/222 targeted the 3'UTR of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3(TIMP3). We propose a fresh perspective that HMGA1 participates in the migration and invasion process via the miR-221/222-TIMP3-MMP2/MMP9 axis in cervical cancer. In summary, our study identified a critical role played by HMGA1 in the progression of cervical cancer and the potential mechanisms by which exerts its effects, suggesting that targeting HMGA1-related pathways could be conducive to the therapies for cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 55000, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yourong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hassan F, Lossie SL, Kasik EP, Channon AM, Ni S, Kennedy MA. A mouse model study of toxicity and biodistribution of a replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 virus with its genome engineered to contain a decoy hyper binding site to sequester and suppress oncogenic HMGA1 as a new cancer treatment therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192882. [PMID: 29462157 PMCID: PMC5819794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HGMA1 architectural transcription factor is highly overexpressed in many human cancers. Because HMGA1 is a hub for regulation of many oncogenes, its overexpression in cancer plays a central role in cancer progression and therefore HMGA1 is gaining increasing attention as a target for development of therapeutic approaches to suppress either its expression or action in cancer cells. We have developed the strategy of introducing decoy hyper binding sites for HMGA1 into the nucleus of cancer cells with the goal of competetively sequestering overexpressed HMGA1 and thus suppressing its oncogenic action. Towards achieving this goal, we have introduced an HMGA1 decoy hyper binding site composed of six copies of a high affinity HMGA1 binding site into the genome of the replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 genome and shown that the engineered virus effectively reduces the viability of human pancreatic and cancer cells. Here we report the first pre-clinical measures of toxicity and biodistribution of the engineered virus in C57BL/6J Black 6 mice. The immune response to exposure of the engineered virus was determined by assaying the serum levels of key cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. Toxicity due to exposure to the virus was determined by measuring the serum levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Biodistribution was measured following direct injection into the pancreas or liver by quantifying viral loads in the pancreas, liver, spleen and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizule Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Lossie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Ellen P. Kasik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Audrey M. Channon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Shuisong Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Michael A. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang H, Yang J, Walters MS, Staudt MR, Strulovici-Barel Y, Salit J, Mezey JG, Leopold PL, Crystal RG. Mandatory role of HMGA1 in human airway epithelial normal differentiation and post-injury regeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14324-14337. [PMID: 29581847 PMCID: PMC5865673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to high levels of expression in aggressive tumors, high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) has recently attracted attention as a potential anti-tumor target. However, HMGA1 is also expressed in normal somatic progenitor cells, raising the question: how might systemic anti-HMGA1 therapies affect the structure and function of normal tissue differentiation? In the present study, RNA sequencing data demonstrated HMGA1 is highly expressed in human airway basal stem/progenitor cells (BC), but decreases with BC differentiation in air-liquid interface cultures (ALI). BC collected from nonsmokers, healthy smokers, and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) displayed a range of HMGA1 expression levels. Low initial expression levels of HMGA1 in BC were associated with decreased ability to maintain a differentiated ALI epithelium. HMGA1 down-regulation in BC diminished BC proliferation, suppressed gene expression related to normal proliferation and differentiation, decreased airway epithelial resistance, suppressed junctional and cell polarity gene expression, and delayed wound closure of airway epithelium following injury. Furthermore, silencing of HMGA1 in airway BC in ALI increased the expression of genes associated with airway remodeling in COPD including squamous, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory genes. Together, the data suggests HMGA1 plays a central role in normal airway differentiation, and thus caution should be used to monitor airway epithelial structure and function in the context of systemic HMGA1-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philip L Leopold
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hassan F, Ni S, Arnett TC, McKell MC, Kennedy MA. Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Decoy Hyper Binding Sites Targeting Oncogenic HMGA1 Reduces Pancreatic and Liver Cancer Cell Viability. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 8:52-61. [PMID: 29511732 PMCID: PMC5832671 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein is an oncogenic architectural transcription factor that plays an essential role in early development, but it is also implicated in many human cancers. Elevated levels of HMGA1 in cancer cells cause misregulation of gene expression and are associated with increased cancer cell proliferation and increased chemotherapy resistance. We have devised a strategy of using engineered viruses to deliver decoy hyper binding sites for HMGA1 to the nucleus of cancer cells with the goal of sequestering excess HMGA1 at the decoy hyper binding sites due to binding competition. Sequestration of excess HMGA1 at the decoy binding sites is intended to reduce HMGA1 binding at the naturally occurring genomic HMGA1 binding sites, which should result in normalized gene expression and restored sensitivity to chemotherapy. As proof of principle, we engineered the replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 genome to contain hyper binding sites for HMGA1 composed of six copies of an individual HMGA1 binding site, referred to as HMGA-6. A 70%–80% reduction in cell viability and increased sensitivity to gemcitabine was observed in five different pancreatic and liver cancer cell lines 72 hr after infection with replication defective engineered adenovirus serotype 5 virus containing the HMGA-6 decoy hyper binding sites. The decoy hyper binding site strategy should be general for targeting overexpression of any double-stranded DNA-binding oncogenic transcription factor responsible for cancer cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizule Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Shuisong Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Tyler C Arnett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Melanie C McKell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chandrasekaran KS, Sathyanarayanan A, Karunagaran D. miR-214 activates TP53 but suppresses the expression of RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3 in human cervical and colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:464-471. [PMID: 29023799 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) was identified as a target of miR-214 in human cervical and colorectal cancers (CaCx and CRC) in a previous study. While the expression of miR-214 remains suppressed, HMGA1 behaves as a potent oncogene and plays crucial roles in several aberrant signalling pathways by interacting with intermediates like RELA, CTNNB1, STAT3, and TP53 in CaCx and CRC. Hypothetically, miR-214 should be able to regulate the stabilization of some of these intermediates through the regulation of HMGA1. This was assessed by ectopically expressing miR-214 or complementarily, by inhibiting the expression of HMGA1. In promoter luciferase assays, miR-214 inhibited NF-κB and Wnt activities but elevated TP53 activity in cancer cells. Further, miR-214 suppressed the expression of HMGA1, RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3 while elevating TP53 levels, similar to when small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HMGA1 was used, as revealed by Western blotting. It is suggested that poor expression of miR-214, commonly reported in CaCx and CRC tissues, may not only result in the sustained expression of HMGA1 but also that of RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3, and a congruent suppression of TP53 during cancer initiation/progression. These several states are, however, reversed when miR-214 is reintroduced and could explain the tumour suppressive functions observed in earlier studies. Further studies are, however, required to reveal how microRNA-mediated regulation of HMGA1 expression may affect individual signalling pathways in CaCx and CRC. Current results reveal that miR-214 is not only able to regulate the expression of its direct target, HMGA1, but also that of a few signalling intermediates like TP53, RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3, with which HMGA1 interacts. These intermediates play crucial roles in signalling pathways commonly deregulated in human CaCx and CRC. Hence, it is proposed that miR-214 might act as a tumour suppressor by regulating several aberrant signalling pathways through HMGA1. This knowledge has the potential to help design novel therapeutic strategies in CaCx and CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Subramanian Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang S, Lei R, Wu J, Shan J, Hu Z, Chen L, Ren X, Yao L, Wang J, Wang X. Role of high mobility group A1 and body mass index in the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5719-5726. [PMID: 29113200 PMCID: PMC5661362 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein is associated with poor prognosis in patients with a wide range of cancers. However, the affect of HMGA1 on the risk of mortality from breast cancer (BC) has not been fully characterized. In the present retrospective multiple center study, the HMGA1 expression level was determined by performing immunohistochemistry on surgical tissue samples of 273 BC specimens from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (Zhejiang, China) and 310 BCs from the National Engineering Center for Biochip (Shanghai, China). Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were employed to analyze the survivability. HMGA1 expression was significantly associated with tumor histological degree and body mass index (BMI). However, HMGA1 expression showed no prognostic value in patients with BC. Combined evaluation of HMGA1 expression and high BMI (≥24 kg/m2) predicted worse overall survival of BC. Therefore, HMGA1 and BMI were considered to serve synergistic roles in the development and progression of BC, and combined evaluation of HMGA1 expression and high BMI may be an effective marker in predicting poor prognosis of BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Shan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zujian Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xingchang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Volk DE, Lokesh GLR. Development of Phosphorothioate DNA and DNA Thioaptamers. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E41. [PMID: 28703779 PMCID: PMC5618299 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are short RNA- or DNA-based affinity reagents typically selected from combinatorial libraries to bind to a specific target such as a protein, a small molecule, whole cells or even animals. Aptamers have utility in the development of diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic applications due to their size, physico-chemical nature and ease of synthesis and modification to suit the application. A variety of oligonucleotide modifications have been used to enhance the stability of aptamers from nuclease degradation in vivo. The non-bridging oxygen atoms of the phosphodiester backbones of RNA and DNA aptamers can be substituted with one or two sulfur atoms, resulting in thioaptamers with phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate linkages, respectively. Such thioaptamers are known to have increased binding affinity towards their target, as well as enhanced resistance to nuclease degradation. In this review, we discuss the development of phosphorothioate chemistry and thioaptamers, with a brief review of selection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Volk
- McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ganesh L R Lokesh
- McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Veite-Schmahl MJ, Joesten WC, Kennedy MA. HMGA1 expression levels are elevated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia cells in the Ptf1a-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:639-647. [PMID: 28697176 PMCID: PMC5572173 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is currently the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and it is predicted to become the second by the year 2030. High-mobility group A1 protein (HMGA1) is an oncogenic transcription factor, localised and active in cell nuclei, that is linked to tumour progression in many human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of HMGA1 renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. Although the Ptf1a-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D transgenic mouse is perhaps the most widely utilised animal model for human pancreatic cancer, expression levels of HMGA1 in pancreata from this mouse model have not been characterised. METHODS Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine nuclear HMGA1 levels in pancreatic tissue sections from Ptf1a-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D mice aged 5, 11, and 15 months. The H Score method was used for quantitative analysis. RESULTS The HMGA1 levels were significantly elevated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) epithelia compared with untransformed acinar tissues or fibroinflammatory stroma. CONCLUSIONS The PanINs have long been regarded as precancerous precursors to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Significantly elevated HMGA1 levels observed in the nuclei of PanINs in Ptf1a-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D mice validate this animal model for investigating the role that HMGA1 plays in cancer progression and testing therapeutic approaches targeting HMGA1 in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Veite-Schmahl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High St., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - William C Joesten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High St., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High St., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Quintavalle C, Burmeister K, Piscuoglio S, Quagliata L, Karamitopoulou E, Sepe R, Fusco A, Terracciano LM, Andersen JB, Pallante P, Matter MS. High mobility group A1 enhances tumorigenicity of human cholangiocarcinoma and confers resistance to therapy. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2146-2157. [PMID: 28467612 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein has been described to play an important role in numerous types of human carcinoma. By the modulation of several target genes HMGA1 promotes proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been addressed yet. Therefore, we determined HMGA1 mRNA expression in CCA samples in a transcriptome array (n = 104) and a smaller cohort (n = 13) by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (n = 67). In addition, we analyzed changes in cell proliferation, colony formation, response to gemcitabine treatment, and target gene expression after modulation of HMGA1 expression in CCA cell lines. mRNA levels of HMGA1 were found to be upregulated in 15-62% depending on the cohort analyzed. Immunohistochemistry showed HMGA1 overexpression in 51% of CCA specimens. Integration with clinico-pathological data revealed that high HMGA1 expression was associated with reduced time to recurrence and a positive lymph node status in extrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of HMGA1 in CCA cell lines promoted cell proliferation, whereas its suppression reduced growth rate. HMGA1 further promoted colony formation in an anchorage independent growth and conferred resistance to gemcitabine treatment. Finally, HMGA1 modulated the expression of two genes involved in CCA carcinogenesis, iNOS and ERBB2. In conclusion, our findings indicate that HMGA1 expression is increased in a substantial number of CCA specimens. HMGA1 further promotes CCA tumorigenicity and confers resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quintavalle
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Burmeister
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Karamitopoulou
- Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romina Sepe
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Critical role of HMGA proteins in cancer cell chemoresistance. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2017. [PMID: 28293697 DOI: 10.1007/s00109‐017‐1520‐x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high-mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are frequently overexpressed in human malignancies and correlate with the presence of metastases and reduced patient survival. Here, we highlight the main studies evidencing a critical role of HMGA in chemoresistance, mainly by activating Akt signaling, impairing p53 activity, and regulating the expression of microRNAs that target genes involved in the susceptibility of cancer cells to antineoplastic agents. Therefore, these studies account for the association of HMGA overexpression with patient poor outcome, indicating the impairment of HMGA as a fascinating perspective for effectively improving cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
29
|
D’Angelo D, Mussnich P, Arra C, Battista S, Fusco A. Critical role of HMGA proteins in cancer cell chemoresistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:353-360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
30
|
Yao X, Gao H, Li C, Wu L, Bai J, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang Y. Analysis of Ki67, HMGA1, MDM2, and RB expression in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Neurooncol 2017; 132:199-206. [PMID: 28255749 PMCID: PMC5378727 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are the most prevalent type of pituitary macro-adenoma. Clarifying the relationship between NFPA markers and disease progression or recurrence could provide a basis for administration of adjuvant treatments. The present study examined the expression levels of high-mobility group (HMG)A1, Ki-67, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), and retinoblastoma (RB)with respect to NFPA recurrence. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using antibodies to Ki-67, MDM2, HMGA-1, and RB on tissue microarray slides of a cohort of 35 paired NFPA samples of primary and recurrence/regrowth tumors. Based on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging data, tumors were classified as recurrence (n = 20) included primary and recurrent tumors or regrowth (n = 15) included primary and regrowth tumors, which are paired. Protein expression was classified as negative or positive according to the H-score method and was analyzed with respect to clinical and pathological findings. MDM2-positive cases accounted for11/20 primary and 19/20 s recurrent tumors (χ2 = 8.533, P = 0.003), and 9/15 primary tumors and 15/15 s regrowth tumors (χ2 = 7.5, P = 0.006). MGA1-positive cases represented 9/20 primary tumors and 16/20 s recurrent tumors (χ2 = 5.227, P = 0.022), and 4/15 primary tumors and 12/15 s regrowth tumors (χ2 = 8.571, P = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in Ki-67 expression between primary and second recurrent/regrowth tumors although theKi67 labeling index was higher in the latter groups. RB was highly expressed in all groups with no significant difference between them. HMGA1 and MDM2 were more highly expressed in recurrence/regrowth cases of NFPA than in primary NFPA. HMGA1 and MDM2 are biomarkers and potential drug targets for NFPA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China.,Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yangfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luo J, Wang W, Tang Y, Zhou D, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Zhu H, Xing L, Yu J. mRNA and methylation profiling of radioresistant esophageal cancer cells: the involvement of Sall2 in acquired aggressive phenotypes. J Cancer 2017; 8:646-656. [PMID: 28367244 PMCID: PMC5370508 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the curative management of inoperable ESCC patients. However, radioresistance restricts the efficacy of radiotherapy for ESCC patients. The molecules involved in radioresistance remain largely unknown, and new approaches to sensitize cells to irradiation are in demand. Technical advances in analysis of mRNA and methylation have enabled the exploration of the etiology of diseases and have the potential to broaden our understanding of the molecular pathways of ESCC radioresistance. In this study, we constructed radioresistant TE-1 and Eca-109 cell lines (TE-1/R and Eca-109/R, respectively). The radioresistant cells showed an increased migration ability but reduced apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity compared with their parent cells. mRNA and methylation profiling by microarray revealed 1192 preferentially expressed mRNAs and 8841 aberrantly methylated regions between TE-1/R and TE-1 cells. By integrating the mRNA and methylation profiles, we related the decreased expression of transcription factor Sall2 with a corresponding increase in its methylation in TE-1/R cells, indicating its involvement in radioresistance. Upregulation of Sall2 decreased the growth and migration advantage of radioresistant ESCC cells. Taken together, our present findings illustrate the mRNA and DNA methylation changes during the radioresistance of ESCC and the important role of Sall2 in esophageal cancer malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judong Luo
- Medical college of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu,China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu,China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu,China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu,China
| | - Xifa Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rajabpour A, Rajaei F, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Molecular alterations contributing to pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Pancreatology 2016; 17:310-320. [PMID: 28065383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death all over the world. This disease is difficult to treat and patients have an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Although two drugs, gemcitabine (GEM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been shown to improve the survival rate of patients systematically, they do not increase general survival to a clinically acceptable degree. Lack of ideal clinical response of pancreatic cancer patients to chemotherapy is likely to be due to intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance of tumor cells. Various mechanisms of drug resistance have been investigated in pancreatic cancer, including genetic and epigenetic changes in particular genes or signaling pathways. In addition, evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles as key regulators of gene expression in many cellular processes, including drug resistance. Understanding underlying genes and mechanisms of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer is critical to develop new effective treatments for this deadly disease. This review illustrates the genes and miRNAs involved in resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rajabpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sumter TF, Xian L, Huso T, Koo M, Chang YT, Almasri TN, Chia L, Inglis C, Reid D, Resar LMS. The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Transcriptome in Cancer and Development. Curr Mol Med 2016; 16:353-93. [PMID: 26980699 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666160316152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Chromatin structure is the single most important feature that distinguishes a cancer cell from a normal cell histologically. Chromatin remodeling proteins regulate chromatin structure and high mobility group A (HMGA1) proteins are among the most abundant, nonhistone chromatin remodeling proteins found in cancer cells. These proteins include HMGA1a/HMGA1b isoforms, which result from alternatively spliced mRNA. The HMGA1 gene is overexpressed in cancer and high levels portend a poor prognosis in diverse tumors. HMGA1 is also highly expressed during embryogenesis and postnatally in adult stem cells. Overexpression of HMGA1 drives neoplastic transformation in cultured cells, while inhibiting HMGA1 blocks oncogenic and cancer stem cell properties. Hmga1 transgenic mice succumb to aggressive tumors, demonstrating that dysregulated expression of HMGA1 causes cancer in vivo. HMGA1 is also required for reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. HMGA1 proteins function as ancillary transcription factors that bend chromatin and recruit other transcription factors to DNA. They induce oncogenic transformation by activating or repressing specific genes involved in this process and an HMGA1 "transcriptome" is emerging. Although prior studies reveal potent oncogenic properties of HMGA1, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms through which HMGA1 functions. In this review, we summarize the list of putative downstream transcriptional targets regulated by HMGA1. We also briefly discuss studies linking HMGA1 to Alzheimer's disease and type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Further elucidation of HMGA1 function should lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer and possibly for other diseases associated with aberrant HMGA1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L M S Resar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 1025, Baltimore, MD 21205-2109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Crucial role of HMGA1 in the self-renewal and drug resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e255. [PMID: 27561949 PMCID: PMC5007643 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells characterized by self-renewal ability, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HMGA1, a chromatin remodeling factor abundantly expressed in many different cancers, in the regulation of cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. Spheroid-forming cancer stem cells were isolated from A2780, SKOV3 and PA1 ovarian cancer cells by three-dimensional spheroid culture. Elevated expression of HMGA1 was observed in spheroid cells along with increased expression of stemness-related genes, such as SOX2, KLF4, ALDH, ABCB1 and ABCG2. Furthermore, spheroid A2780 cells, compared with adherent cells, showed higher resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin. HMGA1 knockdown in spheroid cells reduced the proliferative advantage and spheroid-forming efficiency of the cells and the expression of stemness-related genes. HMGA1 overexpression in adherent A2780 cells increased cancer stem cell properties, including proliferation, spheroid-forming efficiency and the expression of stemness-related genes. In addition, HMGA1 regulated ABCG2 promoter activity through HMGA1-binding sites. Knockdown of HMGA1 in spheroid cells reduced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, whereas the overexpression of HMGA1 in adherent ovarian cancer cells increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Furthermore, HMGA1-overexpressing A2780 cells showed a significant survival advantage after chemotherapeutic agent treatment in a xenograft tumorigenicity assay. Together, our results provide novel insights regarding the critical role of HMGA1 in the regulation of the cancer stem cell characteristics of ovarian cancer cells, thus suggesting that HMGA1 may be an important target in the development of therapeutics for ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
DiMaio CJ, Weis-Garcia F, Bagiella E, Tang LH, Allen PJ. Pancreatic cyst fluid concentration of high-mobility group A2 protein acts as a differential biomarker of dysplasia in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83:1205-9. [PMID: 26408423 PMCID: PMC5015435 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS No reliable cyst fluid biomarkers exist that allow preoperative identification of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and high-risk pathology. High-mobility group (HMG) A2 protein has been demonstrated to be a biomarker of dysplasia in IPMNs. It is unknown whether HMGA2 protein is present in the cyst fluid from IPMNs. The aims of this study were to determine whether HMGA2 protein is present in the cyst fluid of IPMNs and demonstrate whether HMGA2 protein concentration correlates with the degree of dysplasia. METHODS Patients with surgically resected IPMNs and banked pancreatic cyst fluid were identified. Low-risk IPMNs (low-grade [LGD] or moderate dysplasia [MD]) and high-risk IPMNs (high-grade dysplasia [HGD] or invasive cancer) were identified. Pancreatic cyst fluid concentrations of HMGA2 protein were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Samples from 31 patients were analyzed. HMGA2 protein was detected in the cyst fluid of 30 of 31 specimens (97%). Median cyst fluid HMGA2 protein concentration (ng/mL) was as follows: LGD, 0.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.35-0.6); MD, 1.55 (IQR 0.65-2.7); HGD, 4.2 (IQR 1.7-9.2) (P < .05). The median HMGA2 protein concentration was significantly higher in the HGD group (4.2 ng/mL, IQR 1.7-9.2) compared with the concentration in the low-risk group (1.1 ng/mL, IQR 0.6-2.7, P = .03). CONCLUSION HMGA2 protein is present in IPMN cyst fluid. Significantly higher concentrations of cyst fluid HMGA2 protein are found in IPMNs with HGD compared with lesions with LGD or MD. Cyst fluid concentrations of HMGA2 protein may thus serve as a biomarker to differentiate patients with high-risk IPMNs from those with low-risk IPMNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. DiMaio
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frances Weis-Garcia
- Sloan-Kettering Institute, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilia Bagiella
- Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York New York, USA
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter J. Allen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Deregulation of HMGA1 expression induces chromosome instability through regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint genes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17342-53. [PMID: 26009897 PMCID: PMC4627312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an essential control system of the cell cycle that contributes to mantain the genomic stability of eukaryotic cells. SAC genes expression is often deregulated in cancer cells, leading to checkpoint impairment and chromosome instability. The mechanisms responsible for the transcriptional regulation and deregulation of these genes are still largely unknown. Herein we identify the nonhistone architectural nuclear proteins High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1), whose overexpression is a feature of several human malignancies and has a key role in cancer progression, as transcriptional regulators of SAC genes expression. In particular, we show that HMGA1 proteins are able to increase the expression of the SAC genes Ttk, Mad2l1, Bub1 and Bub1b, binding to their promoter regions. Consistently, HMGA1-depletion induces SAC genes downregulation associated to several mitotic defects. In particular, we observed a high number of unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, a reduction of prometaphase time, a delay of anaphase, a higher cytokinesis time and a higher percentage of cytokinesis failure by using live-cell microscopy. Finally, a significant direct correlation between HMGA1 and SAC genes expression was detected in human colon carcinomas indicating a novel mechanism by which HMGA1 contributes to cancer progression.
Collapse
|
37
|
Samulitis BK, Pond KW, Pond E, Cress AE, Patel H, Wisner L, Patel C, Dorr RT, Landowski TH. Gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines acquire an invasive phenotype with collateral hypersensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:43-51. [PMID: 25485960 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.986967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine based treatment is currently a standard first line treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, however overall survival remains poor, and few options are available for patients that fail gemcitabine based therapy. To identify potential molecular targets in gemcitabine refractory pancreatic cancer, we developed a series of gemcitabine resistant (GR) cell lines. Initial drug exposure selected for an early resistant phenotype that was independent of drug metabolic pathways. Prolonged drug selection pressure after 16 weeks, led to an induction of cytidine deaminase (CDA) and enhanced drug detoxification. Cross resistance profiles demonstrate approximately 100-fold cross resistance to the pyrimidine nucleoside cytarabine, but no resistance to the same in class agents, azacytidine and decitabine. GR cell lines demonstrated a dose dependent collateral hypersensitivity to class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and decreased expression of 3 different global heterochromatin marks, as detected by H4K20me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Cell morphology of the drug resistant cell lines demonstrated a fibroblastic type appearance with loss of cell-cell junctions and an altered microarray expression pattern, using Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, consistent with progression to an invasive phenotype. Of particular note, the gemcitabine resistant cell lines displayed up to a 15 fold increase in invasive potential that directly correlates with the level of gemcitabine resistance. These findings suggest a mechanistic relationship between chemoresistance and metastatic potential in pancreatic carcinoma and provide evidence for molecular pathways that may be exploited to develop therapeutic strategies for refractory pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
38
|
Integrated stress response is critical for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1913. [PMID: 26469962 PMCID: PMC4632294 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with marked chemoresistance and a 5-year survival rate of 7%. The integrated stress response (ISR) is a cytoprotective pathway initiated in response to exposure to various environmental stimuli. We used pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) that are highly resistant to gemcitabine (Gem) and an orthotopic mouse model to investigate the role of the ISR in Gem chemoresistance. Gem induced eIF2 phosphorylation and downstream transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP in PCCs, and these effects occurred in an eIF2α-S51 phosphorylation-dependent manner as determined using PANC-1 cells, and wild type and S51 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts. Blocking the ISR pathway in PCCs with the ISR inhibitor ISRIB or siRNA-mediated depletion of ATF4 resulted in enhanced Gem-mediated apoptosis. Polyribosomal profiling revealed that Gem caused repression of global translation and this effect was reversed by ISRIB or by expressing GADD34 to facilitate eIF2 dephosphorylation. Moreover, Gem promoted preferential mRNA translation as determined in a TK-ATF4 5′UTR-Luciferase reporter assay, and this effect was also reversed by ISRIB. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Gem upregulated eIF2 and Nrf2 pathways, and that ISRIB significantly inhibited these pathways. Gem also induced the expression of the antiapoptotic factors Nupr1, BEX2, and Bcl2a1, whereas ISRIB reduced their expression. In an orthotopic tumor model using PANC-1 cells, ISRIB facilitated Gem-mediated increases in PARP cleavage, which occurred in conjunction with decreased tumor size. These findings indicate that Gem chemoresistance is enhanced by activating multiple ISR-dependent pathways, including eIF2, Nrf2, Nupr1, BEX2, and Bcl2A1. It is suggested that targeting the ISR pathway may be an efficient mechanism for enhancing therapeutic responsiveness to Gem in PDAC.
Collapse
|
39
|
Large-scale determination of absolute phosphorylation stoichiometries in human cells by motif-targeting quantitative proteomics. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6622. [PMID: 25814448 PMCID: PMC4389224 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to model the dynamics of signal transduction networks will depend on accurate methods to quantify levels of protein phosphorylation on a global scale. Here we describe a motif-targeting quantitation method for phosphorylation stoichiometry typing. Proteome-wide phosphorylation stoichiometry can be obtained by a simple phosphoproteomic workflow integrating dephosphorylation and isotope tagging with enzymatic kinase reaction. Proof-of-concept experiments using CK2-, MAPK- and EGFR-targeting assays in lung cancer cells demonstrate the advantage of kinase-targeted complexity reduction, resulting in deeper phosphoproteome quantification. We measure the phosphorylation stoichiometry of >1,000 phosphorylation sites including 366 low-abundance tyrosine phosphorylation sites, with high reproducibility and using small sample sizes. Comparing drug-resistant and sensitive lung cancer cells, we reveal that post-translational phosphorylation changes are significantly more dramatic than those at the protein and messenger RNA levels, and suggest potential drug targets within the kinase-substrate network associated with acquired drug resistance.
Collapse
|
40
|
HMGA1 silencing restores normal stem cell characteristics in colon cancer stem cells by increasing p53 levels. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3234-45. [PMID: 24833610 PMCID: PMC4102806 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins are architectural chromatinic proteins, abundantly expressed during embryogenesis and in most cancer tissues, but expressed at low levels or absent in normal adult tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that HMGA1 proteins play a causal role in neoplastic cell transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these proteins in the control of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have emerged as a preferred target in cancer therapy, because of their role in cancer recurrence. We observed that HMGA1 is overexpressed in colon tumour stem cell (CTSC) lines compared to normal and colon cancer tissues. We demonstrated that HMGA1 silencing in CTSCs increases stem cell quiescence and reduces self-renewal and sphere-forming efficiency (SFE). The latter, together with the upregulation and asymmetric distribution of NUMB, is indicative of the recovery of an asymmetric division pattern, typical of normal stem cells. We further found that HMGA1 transcriptionally regulates p53, which is known to control the balance between symmetric and asymmetric divisions in CSCs. Therefore, our data indicate a critical role for HMGA1 in regulating both self-renewal and the symmetric/asymmetric division ratio in CSCs, suggesting that blocking HMGA1 function may be an effective anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
41
|
D'Angelo D, Mussnich P, Rosa R, Bianco R, Tortora G, Fusco A. High mobility group A1 protein expression reduces the sensitivity of colon and thyroid cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs. BMC Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25409711 DOI: 10.1186/1471‐2407‐14‐851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of resistance to conventional drugs and novel biological agents often impair long-term chemotherapy. HMGA gene overexpression is often associated with antineoplastic drug resistance and reduced survival. Inhibition of HMGA expression in thyroid cancer cells reduces levels of ATM protein, the main cellular sensor of DNA damage, and enhances cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. HMGA1 overexpression promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells through an Akt-dependent mechanism. METHODS To elucidate the role of HMGA1 proteins in chemoresistance we analyzed resistance to conventional drugs and targeted therapies of human colon carcinoma cells (GEO) that are sensitive to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab, and express minimal levels of HMGA1 and cetuximab-resistant (GEO CR) cells expressing high HMGA1 protein levels. RESULTS GEO CR cells were less sensitive than GEO cells to cetuximab and 5-fluorouracil. GEO CR cells silenced for HMGA1 expression were more susceptible than empty vector-transfected cells to the drugs' cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells expressing or not HMGA1 proteins, treated with doxorubicin or the HDAC inhibitor LBH589. Finally, HMGA1 overexpression promoted the DNA-damage response and stimulated Akt phosphorylation and prosurvival signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the blockage of HMGA1 expression is a promising approach to enhance cancer cell chemosensitivity, since it could increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs by inhibiting the survival signal and DNA damage repair pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
D'Angelo D, Mussnich P, Rosa R, Bianco R, Tortora G, Fusco A. High mobility group A1 protein expression reduces the sensitivity of colon and thyroid cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:851. [PMID: 25409711 PMCID: PMC4247615 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of resistance to conventional drugs and novel biological agents often impair long-term chemotherapy. HMGA gene overexpression is often associated with antineoplastic drug resistance and reduced survival. Inhibition of HMGA expression in thyroid cancer cells reduces levels of ATM protein, the main cellular sensor of DNA damage, and enhances cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. HMGA1 overexpression promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells through an Akt-dependent mechanism. Methods To elucidate the role of HMGA1 proteins in chemoresistance we analyzed resistance to conventional drugs and targeted therapies of human colon carcinoma cells (GEO) that are sensitive to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab, and express minimal levels of HMGA1 and cetuximab-resistant (GEO CR) cells expressing high HMGA1 protein levels. Results GEO CR cells were less sensitive than GEO cells to cetuximab and 5-fluorouracil. GEO CR cells silenced for HMGA1 expression were more susceptible than empty vector-transfected cells to the drugs’ cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells expressing or not HMGA1 proteins, treated with doxorubicin or the HDAC inhibitor LBH589. Finally, HMGA1 overexpression promoted the DNA-damage response and stimulated Akt phosphorylation and prosurvival signaling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the blockage of HMGA1 expression is a promising approach to enhance cancer cell chemosensitivity, since it could increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs by inhibiting the survival signal and DNA damage repair pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-851) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chapiro J, Sur S, Savic LJ, Ganapathy-Kanniappan S, Reyes J, Duran R, Thiruganasambandam SC, Moats CR, Lin M, Luo W, Tran PT, Herman JM, Semenza GL, Ewald AJ, Vogelstein B, Geschwind JF. Systemic delivery of microencapsulated 3-bromopyruvate for the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6406-17. [PMID: 25326230 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a systemically administered formulation of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), microencapsulated in a complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The presence of the β-CD-3-BrPA complex was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Monolayer as well as three-dimensional organotypic cell culture was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of β-CD-3-BrPA, free 3-BrPA, β-CD (control), and gemcitabine in MiaPaCa-2 and Suit-2 cell lines, both in normoxia and hypoxia. Phase-contrast microscopy, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), as well as zymography and Matrigel assays were used to characterize the effects of the drug in vitro. An orthotopic lucMiaPaCa-2 xenograft tumor model was used to investigate the in vivo efficacy. RESULTS β-CD-3-BrPA and free 3-BrPA demonstrated an almost identical IC50 profile in both PDAC cell lines with higher sensitivity in hypoxia. Using the Matrigel invasion assay as well as zymography, 3-BrPA showed anti-invasive effects in sublethal drug concentrations. In vivo, animals treated with β-CD-3-BrPA demonstrated minimal or no tumor progression as evident by the BLI signal as opposed to animals treated with gemcitabine or the β-CD (60-fold and 140-fold signal increase, respectively). In contrast to animals treated with free 3-BrPA, no lethal toxicity was observed for β-CD-3-BrPA. CONCLUSION The microencapsulation of 3-BrPA represents a promising step towards achieving the goal of systemically deliverable antiglycolytic tumor therapy. The strong anticancer effects of β-CD-3-BrPA combined with its favorable toxicity profile suggest that clinical trials, particularly in patients with PDAC, should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Chapiro
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Surojit Sur
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lynn Jeanette Savic
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Cassandra Rae Moats
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - MingDe Lin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weibo Luo
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph M Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean-François Geschwind
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Sousa Cavalcante L, Monteiro G. Gemcitabine: metabolism and molecular mechanisms of action, sensitivity and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:8-16. [PMID: 25084222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is the first-line treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but is increasingly used to treat breast, bladder, and non-small cell lung cancers. Despite such broad use, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance is common. In general, the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly understood. Here, current knowledge of gemcitabine metabolism, mechanisms of action, sensitivity and chemoresistance reported over the past two decades are reviewed; and we also offer new perspectives to improve gemcitabine efficacy with particular reference to the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Sousa Cavalcante
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huso TH, Resar LMS. The high mobility group A1 molecular switch: turning on cancer - can we turn it off? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:541-53. [PMID: 24684280 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence demonstrates that the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin remodeling protein is a key molecular switch required by cancer cells for tumor progression and a poorly differentiated, stem-like state. Because the HMGA1 gene and proteins are expressed at high levels in all aggressive tumors studied to date, research is needed to determine how to 'turn off' this master regulatory switch in cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe prior studies that underscore the central role of HMGA1 in refractory cancers and we discuss approaches to target HMGA1 in cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Given the widespread overexpression of HMGA1 in diverse, aggressive tumors, further research to develop technology to target HMGA1 holds immense promise as potent anticancer therapy. Previous work in preclinical models indicates that delivery of short hairpin RNA or interfering RNA molecules to 'switch off' HMGA1 expression dramatically impairs cancer cell growth and tumor progression. The advent of nanoparticle technology to systemically deliver DNA or RNA molecules to tumors brings this approach even closer to clinical applications, although further efforts are needed to translate these advances into therapies for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tait H Huso
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hematology Division , Ross Research Building, Room 1015, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore MD 21205 , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Slusarczyk M, Lopez MH, Balzarini J, Mason M, Jiang WG, Blagden S, Thompson E, Ghazaly E, McGuigan C. Application of ProTide technology to gemcitabine: a successful approach to overcome the key cancer resistance mechanisms leads to a new agent (NUC-1031) in clinical development. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1531-42. [PMID: 24471998 DOI: 10.1021/jm401853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue commonly used in cancer therapy but with limited efficacy due to a high susceptibility to cancer cell resistance. The addition of a phosphoramidate motif to the gemcitabine can protect it against many of the key cancer resistance mechanisms. We have synthesized a series of gemcitabine phosphoramidate prodrugs and screened for cytostatic activity in a range of different tumor cell lines. Among the synthesized compounds, one in particular (NUC-1031, 6f) was shown to be potent in vitro. Importantly, compared with gemcitabine, 6f activation was significantly less dependent on deoxycytidine kinase and on nucleoside transporters, and it was resistant to cytidine deaminase-mediated degradation. Moreover, 6f showed a significant reduction in tumor volumes in vivo in pancreatic cancer xenografts. The ProTide 6f is now in clinical development with encouraging efficacy signals in a Phase I/II study, which strongly supports the ProTide approach to generate promising new anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Slusarczyk
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University , King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Watanabe M, Ni S, Lindenberger AL, Cho J, Tinch SL, Kennedy MA. Characterization of the Stoichiometry of HMGA1/DNA Complexes. Open Biochem J 2013; 7:73-81. [PMID: 24062859 PMCID: PMC3778555 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01307010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) non-histone chromatin architectural transcription factors regulate gene expression, embryogenesis, cell differentiation, and adaptive immune responses by binding DNA and other transcription factors. HMGA1 has also been shown to be highly over-expressed in many human cancers and is considered to be a valuable cancer biomarker. Elevated HMGA1 expression levels also make cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. Here, HMGA1/DNA complex formation was investigated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Collectively, the EMSA results indicated that full length HMGA1 mixed with DNA containing three AT-hook binding sites formed four distinct HMGA1/DNA complexes ranging in stoichiometry from 1:2 to 3:1 in HMGA1:DNA ratio. The data indicated that the distribution of complexes with different HMGA1 to DNA stoichiometries depended on the molar ratio of HMGA1 to DNA in solution, which could have significant biological implications given that HMGA1 is highly over-expressed in human cancer cells. The two naturally occurring isoforms of HMGA1, HMGA1a and HMGA1b, the latter containing an 11 amino acid deletion between the first and second AT-hooks, were observed to have slightly different DNA binding profiles. Finally, HMGA1 binding affinity to DNA was found to be influenced by the DNA A:T segment sequence context, with higher specificity be observed in HMGA1 binding to TnAn segments, which have two local minor groove minima on either side of the TpA step, compared to An:Tn segments, which have a single minor groove minimum at the 3' end of the An run, implying AT-hook binding favors narrow minor groove structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
HMGA2 inhibits apoptosis through interaction with ATR-CHK1 signaling complex in human cancer cells. Neoplasia 2013; 15:263-80. [PMID: 23479505 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-histone chromatin binding protein high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is expressed in stem cells and many cancer cells, including tumor initiating cells, but not translated in normal human somatic cells. The presence of HMGA2 is correlated with advanced neoplastic disease and poor prognosis for patients. We had previously demonstrated a role of HMGA2 in DNA repair pathways. In the present study, we employed different human tumor cell models with endogenous and exogenous expression of HMGA2 and show that upon DNA damage, the presence of HMGA2 caused an increased and sustained phosphorylation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and its downstream target checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1). The presence of activated pCHK1(Ser296) coincided with prolonged G2/M block and increased tumor cell survival, which was enhanced further in the presence of HMGA2. Our study, thus, identifies a novel relationship between the ATR-CHK1 DNA damage response pathway and HMGA2, which may support the DNA repair function of HMGA2 in cancer cells. Furthermore, our data provide a rationale for the use of inhibitors to ATR or CHK1 and HMGA2 in the treatment of HMGA2-positive human cancer cells.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The flavonoid quercetin holds promise as an antitumor agent in several preclinical animal models. However, the efficacy of oral administration of quercetin in a pancreatic cancer mouse model is unknown. METHODS The antiproliferative effects of quercetin alone or in combination with gemcitabine were tested in 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines using cell count and MTT assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Tumor growth in vivo was investigated in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer animal model using bioluminescence. Quercetin was administered orally in the diet. RESULTS Quercetin inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines, which was caused by an induction of apoptosis. In addition, dietary supplementation of quercetin attenuated the growth of orthotopically transplanted pancreatic xenografts. The combination of gemcitabine and quercetin had no additional effect compared with quercetin alone. In vivo quercetin caused significant apoptosis and reduced tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that oral administration of quercetin was capable of inhibiting growth of orthotopic pancreatic tumors in a nude mouse model. These data suggest a possible benefit of quercetin in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wörmann SM, Algül H. Risk Factors and Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:282. [PMID: 24303367 PMCID: PMC3831165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Maria Wörmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hana Algül, II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|