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Chen JT, Hsu YL, Hsu YC, Tseng YH, Liu MH, Weng CW, Lin CH, Pan SH, Chen JJ, Wang CC. Id2 exerts tumor suppressor properties in lung cancer through its effects on cancer cell invasion and migration. Front Oncol 2022; 12:801300. [PMID: 35982951 PMCID: PMC9379288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.801300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in prognosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), a notable non–small cell lung cancer subtype, patient outcomes are still unsatisfactory. New insight on novel therapeutic strategies for LADC may be gained from a more comprehensive understanding of cancer progression mechanisms. Such strategies could reduce the mortality and morbidity of patients with LADC. In our previous study, we performed cDNA microarray screening and found an inverse relationship between inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) expression levels and the invasiveness of LADC cells. Materials and Methods To identify the functional roles of Id2 and its action mechanisms in LADC progression, we successfully established several Id2-overexpressing and Id2-silenced LADC cell clones. Subsequently, we examined in vitro the effects exerted by Id2 on cell morphology, proliferation, colony formation, invasive, and migratory activities and examined in vivo those exerted by Id2 on cell metastasis. The mechanisms underlying the action of Id2 were investigated using RNA-seq and pathway analyses. Furthermore, the correlations of Id2 with its target gene expression and clinical outcomes were calculated. Results Our data revealed that Id2 overexpression could inhibit LADC cells’ migratory, invasive, proliferation, and colony formation capabilities. Silencing Id2 expression in LADC cells reversed the aforementioned inhibitory effects, and knockdown of Id2 increased LADC cells’ metastatic abilities in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these effects of Id2 on cancer progression might be regulated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling and CD44/Twist expression. Furthermore, in online clinical database analysis, patients with LADC whose Id2 expression levels were high and FAK/Twist expression levels were low had superior clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J.W. Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chi-Chung Wang,
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Xu J, Palestino Dominguez M, Alewine C. Loss of ID3 in pancreatic cancer cells increases DNA damage without impairing MDC1 recruitment to the nuclear foci. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 42:269-272. [PMID: 34877804 PMCID: PMC8923128 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264, United States
| | - Mayrel Palestino Dominguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264, United States
| | - Christine Alewine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264, United States
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High-Throughput Screen of Natural Compounds and Biomarkers for NSCLC Treatment by Differential Expression and Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5955343. [PMID: 34485520 PMCID: PMC8416370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5955343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is known as the leading cause which presents the highest fatality rate worldwide; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung carcinoma with high severity and affects 80% of patients with lung malignancies. Up to now, the general treatment for NSCLC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, some therapeutic drugs and approaches could cause side effects and weaken the immune system. The combination of conventional therapies and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) significantly improves treatment efficacy in lung cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the chemical composition and underlying antitumor mechanisms of TCM, so as to get a better understanding of the potential natural ingredient for lung cancer treatment. In this study, we selected 78 TCM to treat NSCLC cell line (A549) and obtained 92 transcriptome data; differential expression and WGCNA were applied to screen the potential natural ingredient and target genes. The sample which was treated with A. pierreana generated the most significant DEG set, including 6130 DEGs, 2479 upregulated, and 3651 downregulated. KEGG pathway analyses found that four pathways (MAPK, NF-kappa B, p53, and TGF-beta signaling pathway) were significantly enriched; 16 genes were significantly regulated in these four pathways. Interestingly, some of them such as EGFR, DUSP4, IL1R1, IL1B, MDM2, CDKNIA, and IDs have been used as the target biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In addition, classified samples into 14 groups based on their pharmaceutical effects, WGCNA was used to identify 27 modules. Among them, green and darkgrey were the most relevant modules. Eight genes in the green module and four in darkgrey were identified as hub genes. In conclusion, we screened out three new TCM (B. fruticose, A. pierreana, and S. scandens) that have the potential to develop natural anticancer drugs and obtained the therapeutic targets for NSCLC therapy. Our study provides unique insights to screen the natural components for NSCLC therapy using high-throughput transcriptome analysis.
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PGC1α Loss Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081772. [PMID: 33917757 PMCID: PMC8068195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC1α oppositely regulates cancer metastasis in melanoma, breast, and pancreatic cancer; however, little is known about its impact on lung cancer metastasis. Transcriptome and in vivo xenograft analysis show that a decreased PGC1α correlates with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung cancer metastasis. The deletion of a single Pgc1α allele in mice promotes bone metastasis of KrasG12D-driven lung cancer. Mechanistically, PGC1α predominantly activates ID1 expression, which interferes with TCF4-TWIST1 cooperation during EMT. Bioinformatic and clinical studies have shown that PGC1α and ID1 are downregulated in lung cancer, and correlate with a poor survival rate. Our study indicates that TCF4-TWIST1-mediated EMT, which is regulated by the PGC1α-ID1 transcriptional axis, is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for metastatic lung cancer.
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Comprehensive analysis of inhibitor of differentiation/DNA-binding gene family in lung cancer using bioinformatics methods. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222010. [PMID: 32003423 PMCID: PMC7012656 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of differentiation/DNA-binding (ID) is a member of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor family, and plays a role in tumorigenesis, invasiveness and angiogenesis. The aims were to investigate the expression patterns and prognostic values of individual ID family members in lung cancer, and the potential functional roles. The expression levels of ID family were assessed using the Oncomine online database and GEPIA database. Furthermore, the prognostic value of ID family members was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The genetic mutations of ID family members were investigated using the cBioPortal database. Moreover, enrichment analysis was performed using STRING database and Funrich software. It was found that all the ID family members were significantly down-regulated in lung cancer. Prognostic results indicated that low mRNA expression levels of ID1 or increased mRNA expression levels of ID2/3/4 were associated with improved overall survival, first progression and post progression survival. Additionally, genetic mutations of ID family members were identified in lung cancer, and it was suggested that amplification and deep deletion were the main mutation types. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis results suggested that ID1/2/4 were significantly enriched in 'regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism' for biological process, 'transcription factor activity' for molecular function and 'HLH domain' for protein domain. However, it was found that ID3 was not enriched in the above functions. The aberrant expression of ID family members may affect the occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer, and may be related to cell metabolism and transcriptional regulation.
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ID1 overexpression increases gefitinib sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer by activating RIP3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:109-118. [PMID: 32004572 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ID1 is an oncogenic factor in cancer, but its role in relation to drug sensitivity is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ID1 in drug sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ID1 overexpression in NSCLC cells harboring either EGFR or KRAS mutation was performed and the sensitivity of NSCLC to gefitinib (ZD1839) was measured. A murine orthotopic lung carcinoma model with or without stable ID1 overexpression was developed and treated with gefitinib. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses showed that ID1 overexpression promoted inflammation-related cell death but not apoptosis in gefitinib-treated NSCLC cells. ID1 induced necroptosis by triggering activation of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathways. Protein kinase array further suggested that ID1 overexpression maintains Akt activity in gefitinib-treated NSCLC cells, which in turn upregulated FLICE-like inhibitory protein to dissociate the caspase-8-RIP1 complex. The association of RIP1 and RIP3 further activated necroptotic cell death in gefitinib-treated NSCLC. In conclusion, ID1 overexpression in NSCLC induced cellular sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, regardless of the mutational status of NSCLC. The results may provide scientific evidence for optimizing the treatment outcomes of gefitinib for NSCLC patients.
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Sharma S, Plotkin M. Id1 expression in kidney endothelial cells protects against diabetes-induced microvascular injury. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1447-1462. [PMID: 31957231 PMCID: PMC7396439 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of differentiation (Id) transcription regulators, which are induced in response to oxidative stress, promote cell proliferation and inhibit senescence. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) expression is limited to endothelial cells (EC) in the normal mouse kidney and is required for a normal response to injury. Endothelial dysfunction leads to the development of diabetic nephropathy, and so, we hypothesized that endothelial Id1 may help protect against hyperglycemia-induced microvascular injury and nephropathy. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using streptozotocin to induce diabetes in Id1 knockout (KO) mice and WT B6;129 littermates and examining the mice at 3 months. Expression of Id1 was observed to be increased 15-fold in WT kidney EC, and Id1 KO mice exhibited increased mesangial and myofibroblast proliferation, matrix deposition, and albuminuria compared with WT mice. Electron microscopy demonstrated peritubular capillary EC injury and lumen narrowing, and fluorescence microangiography showed a 45% reduction in capillary perfusion area with no reduction in CD31-stained areas in Id1 KO mice. Microarray analysis of EC isolated from WT and KO control and diabetic mice demonstrated activation of senescence pathways in KO cells. Kidneys from KO diabetic mice showed increased histological expression of senescence markers. In addition, premature senescence in cultured KO EC was also seen in response to oxidative stress. In conclusion, endothelial Id1 upregulation with hyperglycemia protects against microvascular injury and senescence and subsequent nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Plotkin
- Department of Nephrology, John L. McClellan VA Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Inhibitor of DNA-Binding Protein 4 Suppresses Cancer Metastasis through the Regulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122021. [PMID: 31847356 PMCID: PMC6966672 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a predominant cause of cancer death and the major challenge in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Therefore, exploring new metastasis-related genes and their action mechanisms may provide new insights for developing a new combative approach to treat lung cancer. Previously, our research team discovered that the expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (Id4) was inversely related to cell invasiveness in LADC cells by cDNA microarray screening. However, the functional role of Id4 and its mechanism of action in lung cancer metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we report that the expression of Id4 could attenuate cell migration and invasion in vitro and cancer metastasis in vivo. Detailed analyses indicated that Id4 could promote E-cadherin expression through the binding of Slug, cause the occurrence of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), and inhibit cancer metastasis. Moreover, the examination of the gene expression database (GSE31210) also revealed that high-level expression of Id4/E-cadherin and low-level expression of Slug were associated with a better clinical outcome in LADC patients. In summary, Id4 may act as a metastatic suppressor, which could not only be used as an independent predictor but also serve as a potential therapeutic for LADC treatment.
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Amirteimouri S, Ashini M, Ramazanali F, Aflatoonian R, Afsharian P, Shahhoseini M. Epigenetic role of the nuclear factor NF-Y on ID gene family in endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis: a case control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:32. [PMID: 30876429 PMCID: PMC6419829 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A predominant difference between endometrial and normal cells is higher proliferation rate in the former cells which is benign. The genes of inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family play a major role in cell proliferation regulation which might be targeted by the nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) for subsequent epigenetic modifications through the CCAAT box regulatory region. The present study was designed to investigate the epigenetic role of NF-Y on ID gene family in endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis. MATERIALS & METHODS In this case-control study, 20 patients with endometriosis and 20 normal women were examined for the relative expression of the NF-YA, NF-YB, NF-YC and ID genes by real-time PCR during the proliferative phase. The occupancy of NF-Y on CCAAT box region of ID genes was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The NF-YA was over-expressed in eutopic endometrium during the proliferative phase. Although the expression level of NF-YB and NF-YC were unchanged in eutopic samples, they were remarkably higher in ectopic group (P<0.05). The ID2 and ID3 genes were up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic tissues, however ID1 and ID4 genes were down-regulated in these samples (P<0.05). The ChIP analysis revealed significant enrichment of NF-Y on regulatory regions of ID2,3 genes in eutopic group, but reduced binding level of NF-Y to the ID1,3 promoters in ectopic specimens (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The ability of NF-Y to regulate ID genes via CCAAT box region suggests the possible role of NF-Y transcription factor in epigenetic changes in endometrial tissues which may open novel avenues in finding new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Amirteimouri
- Department of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manan Ashini
- Department of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ramazanali
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou XL, Zeng D, Ye YH, Sun SM, Lu XF, Liang WQ, Chen CF, Lin HY. Prognostic values of the inhibitor of DNA‑binding family members in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1897-1906. [PMID: 30066902 PMCID: PMC6111598 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA‑binding (ID) proteins are dominant‑negative modulators of transcription factors with basic helix‑loop‑helix (bHLH) structures, which control a variety of genes in cell cycle regulation. An increasing volume of evidence has demonstrated that the deregulated expression of IDs in several types of malignancy, including breast carcinoma, has been proven to serve crucial regulatory functions in tumorigenesis and the development of breast cancer (BC). The present study evaluated the prognostic values of the ID family members by investigating a set of publicly accessible databases, including Oncomine, bc‑GenExMiner, Kaplan‑Meier plotter and the Human Protein Atlas. The results demonstrated that mRNA levels of distinct IDs exhibited diverse profiles between BC and normal counterparts. The mRNA expression level of ID2 was significantly higher in breast cancer than normal tissues, while the mRNA expression levels of ID1, ID3 and ID4 were significantly lower in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues. Furthermore, higher mRNA expression levels of ID1 and ID4 were associated with subgroups with lower pathological grades and fewer lymph node metastases. Survival analysis revealed that elevated mRNA levels of ID1 and ID4 predicted an improved survival in all patients with BC. Increased ID1 mRNA levels were associated with higher relapse‑free survival rates in all patients with BC, particularly in those with ER positive and Luminal A subtype tumors. Increased ID4 mRNA expression predicted longer survival times in all patients with BC, particularly in those with hormone receptor‑positive tumors or those treated with endocrine therapy. These results indicated that IDs are essential prognostic indicators in BC. Future studies on the effect of IDs on the pathogenesis and development of BC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - De Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Ye
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ming Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Quan Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Fa Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Hao-Yu Lin, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Hong CF, Chen YC, Chen WC, Tu KC, Tsai MH, Chan YK, Yu SS. Construction of diagnosis system and gene regulatory networks based on microarray analysis. J Biomed Inform 2018; 81:61-73. [PMID: 29550394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A microarray analysis generally contains expression data of thousands of genes, but most of them are irrelevant to the disease of interest, making analyzing the genes concerning specific diseases complicated. Therefore, filtering out a few essential genes as well as their regulatory networks is critical, and a disease can be easily diagnosed just depending on the expression profiles of a few critical genes. In this study, a target gene screening (TGS) system, which is a microarray-based information system that integrates F-statistics, pattern recognition matching, a two-layer K-means classifier, a Parameter Detection Genetic Algorithm (PDGA), a genetic-based gene selector (GBG selector) and the association rule, was developed to screen out a small subset of genes that can discriminate malignant stages of cancers. During the first stage, F-statistic, pattern recognition matching, and a two-layer K-means classifier were applied in the system to filter out the 20 critical genes most relevant to ovarian cancer from 9600 genes, and the PDGA was used to decide the fittest values of the parameters for these critical genes. Among the 20 critical genes, 15 are associated with cancer progression. In the second stage, we further employed a GBG selector and the association rule to screen out seven target gene sets, each with only four to six genes, and each of which can precisely identify the malignancy stage of ovarian cancer based on their expression profiles. We further deduced the gene regulatory networks of the 20 critical genes by applying the Pearson correlation coefficient to evaluate the correlationship between the expression of each gene at the same stages and at different stages. Correlationships between gene pairs were calculated, and then, three regulatory networks were deduced. Their correlationships were further confirmed by the Ingenuity pathway analysis. The prognostic significances of the genes identified via regulatory networks were examined using online tools, and most represented biomarker candidates. In summary, our proposed system provides a new strategy to identify critical genes or biomarkers, as well as their regulatory networks, from microarray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fu Hong
- Department of Long-Term Care, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Management Information System, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keng-Chang Tu
- Deparment of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Hsiun Tsai
- Department of Management Information System, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yung-Kuan Chan
- Department of Management Information System, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shyr Shen Yu
- Deparment of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Makhijani RK, Raut SA, Purohit HJ. Identification of common key genes in breast, lung and prostate cancer and exploration of their heterogeneous expression. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1680-1690. [PMID: 29434863 PMCID: PMC5776944 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and in particular, breast cancer in women, prostate cancer in men, and lung cancer in both women and men. The present study aimed to identify a common set of genes which may serve as indicators of important molecular and cellular processes in breast, prostate and lung cancer. Six microarray gene expression profile datasets [GSE45827, GSE48984, GSE19804, GSE10072, GSE55945 and GSE26910 (two datasets for each cancer)] and one RNA-Seq expression dataset (GSE62944 including all three cancer types), were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in each individual cancer type using the LIMMA statistical package in R, and then a comparison of the resulting gene lists was performed to identify common DEGs across cancer types. This analysis was performed for microarray and RNA-Seq datasets individually, revealing a set of 62 and 1,290 differentially expressed genes respectively, which may be associated with the three cancers. Out of these genes, 44 were common to both analyses, and hence termed key genes. Gene Ontology functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway mapping and literature citations were used to confirm the role of the key genes in cancer. Finally, the heterogeneity of expression of the key genes was explored using the I2 statistic (meta package in R). The results demonstrated non-heterogeneous expression of 6 out of the 44 key genes, whereas the remaining genes exhibited significant heterogeneity in expression across microarray samples. In conclusion, the identified DEGs may play important roles in the pathogenesis of breast, prostate and lung cancer and may be used as biomarkers for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa K Makhijani
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Shital A Raut
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020, India
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Castañón E, Soltermann A, López I, Román M, Ecay M, Collantes M, Redrado M, Baraibar I, López-Picazo JM, Rolfo C, Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Raez L, Weder W, Calvo A, Gil-Bazo I. The inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) enables lung cancer liver colonization through activation of an EMT program in tumor cells and establishment of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:43-51. [PMID: 28549790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Id1 promotes carcinogenesis and metastasis, and predicts prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-adenocarcionoma patients. We hypothesized that Id1 may play a critical role in lung cancer colonization of the liver by affecting both tumor cells and the microenvironment. Depleted levels of Id1 in LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma cells, LLC shId1) significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Genetic loss of Id1 in the host tissue (Id1-/- mice) impaired liver colonization and increased survival of Id1-/- animals. Histologically, the presence of Id1 in tumor cells of liver metastasis was responsible for liver colonization. Microarray analysis comparing liver tumor nodules from Id1+/+ mice and Id1-/- mice injected with LLC control cells revealed that Id1 loss reduces the levels of EMT-related proteins, such as vimentin. In tissue microarrays containing 532 NSCLC patients' samples, we found that Id1 significantly correlated with vimentin and other EMT-related proteins. Id1 loss decreased the levels of vimentin, integrinβ1, TGFβ1 and snail, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, Id1 enables both LLC and the host microenvironment for an effective liver colonization, and may represent a novel therapeutic target to avoid NSCLC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Castañón
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institut für Klinische Pathologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Inés López
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Román
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Ecay
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Collantes
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Redrado
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iosune Baraibar
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
- Valencia Institute of Pathology (IVP), Catholic University of Valencia School of Medicine and Odontology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Walter Weder
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain; Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
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Hu H, Sun Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Shen L, Wang R, Sun Y, Chen H. The Histologic Classifications of Lung Adenocarcinomas Are Discriminable by Unique Lineage Backgrounds. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:2161-2172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antonângelo L, Tuma T, Fabro A, Acencio M, Terra R, Parra E, Vargas F, Takagaki T, Capelozzi V. Id-1, Id-2, and Id-3 co-expression correlates with prognosis in stage I and II lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1159-68. [PMID: 26869608 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216632623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding/inhibitors of differentiation (Id) protein family have been shown to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, the roles of Id during lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) progression remain unclear. Eighty-eight ADC samples were evaluated for Id-1,2,3 level and angiogenesis (CD 34 and VEGF microvessel density) by immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The impact of these markers was tested on follow-up until death or recurrence. A significant difference between tumor and normal tissue was found for Id-1,2,3 expression (P < 0.01). In addition, high levels of nuclear Id-1 were associated with higher angiogenesis in the tumor stroma (P < 0.01). Equally significant was the association between patients in T1-stage and low cytoplasmic Id-2, as well as patients in stage-IIb and low Id-3. High cytoplasm Id-3 expression was also directly associated to lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.05). Patients at stages I to III, with low Id-1 and Id-3 cytoplasm histoscores showed significant long metastasis-free survival time than those with high Id-1 or Id-3 expression (P = 0.04). Furthermore, high MVD-CD34 and MVD-VEGF expression were associated with short recurrence-free survival compared to low MVD-CD34 and MVD-VEGF expressions (P = 0.04). Cox model analyses controlled for age, lymph node metastasis, and adjuvant treatments showed that nuclear Id-1, cytoplasmic Id-3, and MVD-CD34 were significantly associated with survival time. Median score for nuclear Id-1 and cytoplasmic Id-3 divided patients in two groups, being that those with increased Id-1 and Id-3 presented higher risk of death. Ids showed an independent prognostic value in patients with lung ADC, regardless of disease stage. Id-1 and Id-3 should be considered new target candidates in the development of personalized therapy in lung ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Antonângelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903,Brazil
| | - Taila Tuma
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903,Brazil
| | - Alexandre Fabro
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903,Brazil
| | - Milena Acencio
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Terra
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - Edwin Parra
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903,Brazil
| | - Francisco Vargas
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - Teresa Takagaki
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - Vera Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903,Brazil
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Effects of upregulation of Id3 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells on proliferation, apoptosis, mobility and tumorigenicity. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:431-7. [PMID: 26384138 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation 3 (Id3) protein is a helix-loop-helix transcription factor and may have an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. This study was to evaluate the effects of upregulation of Id3 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells on proliferation, apoptosis, mobility and tumorigenicity. Short interference RNA suppression of Id3 (miRId3) in A549 cells was used to investigate the functional role(s) of Id3. Next, we used in vitro wound-healing assay and trans-well assay to study the effects of overexpressed Id3 on migration and invasion of A549 cells. Furthermore, to explore the influence of overexpressed Id3 on in vivo tumorigenesis, adenoviruses containing Id3 gene (Ad-Id3) and empty vector (Ad-LacZ) were generated. Co-transfection of pcDNA/miRId3 and pEGFP/Id3 into A549 cells reversed the Id3-induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Upon Id3 transfection, A549 cells displayed decreased migratory and invasive capabilities, however, co-transfection of miRId3 and Id3 into A549 cells reversed the Id3-induced inhibitions of migratory and invasive capabilities. Three groups of nude mice were inoculated with Ad-LacZ, Ad-Id3 transfectants and untransfected A549 cells, respectively. Twenty-eight days after inoculation, tumors induced by Ad-Id3 transfectants grew much more slowly compared with Ad-LacZ transfectants and control group. This study provides for the first time both in vitro and in vivo proofs that forced expression of Id3 in lung adenocarcinoma cells reduces tumor growth rate and may be a potential target for tumor suppression.
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Tochareontanaphol C, Sinthuwiwat T, Buathong B, Thita T, Promso S, Paca-Uccaralertkun S. New Mutations of the ID1 Gene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Pathobiology 2015; 82:43-47. [PMID: 25766257 DOI: 10.1159/000370243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) protein is found in many types of cancer. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the expression of ID1 is induced by abnormal tyrosine kinases, such as FLT3 and BCR-ABL. High level expression of ID1 is associated with poor prognosis in young patients. We aimed to explore the ID1 mutation and its prognosis in AML patients. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-three AML patients were included. Cytogenetic results and ID1 mutation were compared. The ID1 gene was amplified by nested PCR, and the mutation was identified by direct sequencing. RESULTS Four new ID1 mutations (G40C, A124G, A230G, A349G) were identified in the normal karyotype patients. The A349G mutation, located in the nuclear export signal domain of the ID1 protein, was predicted by the in silico method as a damaged protein. Meanwhile, another new mutation, A290G, found in cases with 11q23 deletion, corresponded to the amino acid 97 in the helix 1 position of the ID1 protein. It could interfere with the dimerization of ID1 and EST-1, leading to a disruption of cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found 5 mutations in 260 AML patients. ID1 mutations were not commonly observed in AML. This may differ in other hematologic malignancies. Further studies in other types of hematologic malignancy will help to clarify the importance of ID1 mutations. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Chen D, Forootan SS, Gosney JR, Forootan FS, Ke Y. Increased expression of Id1 and Id3 promotes tumorigenicity by enhancing angiogenesis and suppressing apoptosis in small cell lung cancer. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:212-25. [PMID: 25061504 PMCID: PMC4104762 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Constant deregulation of Id1 and Id3 has been implicated in a wide range of carcinomas. However, underlying molecular evidence for the joint role of Id1 and Id3 in the tumorigenicity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is sparse. Investigating the biological significance of elevated expression in SCLC cells, we found that Id1 and Id3 co-suppression resulted in significant reduction of proliferation rate, invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth. Suppressing both Id1 and Id3 expression also greatly reduced the average size of tumors produced by transfectant cells when inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice. Further investigation revealed that suppressed expression of Id1 and Id3 was accompanied by decreased angiogenesis and increased apoptosis. Therefore, the SCLC tumorigenicity suppression effect of double knockdown of Id1 and Id3 may be regulated through pathways of apoptosis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Chen
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, 5/6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Shiva S Forootan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, 5/6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - John R Gosney
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, 5/6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Farzad S Forootan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, 5/6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Youqiang Ke
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, 5/6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
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Crippa E, Lusa L, De Cecco L, Marchesi E, Calin GA, Radice P, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Daidone MG, Gariboldi M, Pierotti MA. miR-342 regulates BRCA1 expression through modulation of ID4 in breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87039. [PMID: 24475217 PMCID: PMC3903605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A miRNAs profiling on a group of familial and sporadic breast cancers showed that miRNA-342 was significantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER) levels. To investigate at functional level the role of miR-342 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, we focused our attention on its "in silico" predicted putative target gene ID4, a transcription factor of the helix-loop-helix protein family whose expression is inversely correlated with that of ER. ID4 is expressed in breast cancer and can negatively regulate BRCA1 expression. Our results showed an inverse correlation between ID4 and miR-342 as well as between ID4 and BRCA1 expression. We functionally validated the interaction between ID4 and miR-342 in a reporter Luciferase system. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that regulation of ID4 mediated by miR-342 could be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer by downregulating BRCA1 expression. We functionally demonstrated the interactions between miR-342, ID4 and BRCA1 in a model provided by ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line that presented high levels of ID4. Overexpression of miR-342 in these cells reduced ID4 and increased BRCA1 expression, supporting a possible role of this mechanism in breast cancer. In the ER-positive MCF7 and in the BRCA1-mutant HCC1937 cell lines miR-342 over-expression only reduced ID4. In the cohort of patients we studied, a correlation between miR-342 and BRCA1 expression was found in the ER-negative cases. As ER-negative cases were mainly BRCA1-mutant, we speculate that the mechanism we demonstrated could be involved in the decreased expression of BRCA1 frequently observed in non BRCA1-mutant breast cancers and could be implicated as a causal factor in part of the familial cases grouped in the heterogeneous class of non BRCA1 or BRCA2-mutant cases (BRCAx). To validate this hypothesis, the study should be extended to a larger cohort of ER-negative cases, including those belonging to the BRCAx class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Crippa
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Lusa
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchesi
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paolo Radice
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
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Castañon E, Bosch-Barrera J, López I, Collado V, Moreno M, López-Picazo JM, Arbea L, Lozano MD, Calvo A, Gil-Bazo I. Id1 and Id3 co-expression correlates with clinical outcome in stage III-N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. J Transl Med 2013; 11:13. [PMID: 23311395 PMCID: PMC3567999 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) and 3 (Id3) genes have been related with the inhibition of cell differentiation, cell growth promotion and tumor metastasis. Recently, Id1 has been identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, regardless of the stage. Furthermore, Id1 may confer resistance to treatment (both, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Methods We have studied, using monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry, the Id1 and Id3 tumor epithelial expression in 17 patients with stage III-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Results Id1 expression is observed in 82.4% of the tumors, whereas Id3 expression is present in 41.2% of the samples. Interestingly, Id1 and Id3 expression are mutually correlated (R = 0.579, p = 0.015). In a subgroup analysis of patients with the most locally advanced disease (T4N2 stage), co-expression of Id1 and Id3 showed to be related with a worse overall survival (45 vs 6 months, p = 0.002). A trend towards significance for a worse progression free survival (30 vs 1 months, p = 0.219) and a lower response rate to the treatment (RR = 50% vs 87.5%, p = 0.07) were also observed. Conclusions A correlation between Id1 and Id3 protein expression is observed. Id1 and Id3 co-expression seems associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Castañon
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that suppress gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and thereby repress translation or decrease messenger RNA stability. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is a putative stem-cell gene involved in invasion and angiogenesis. We previously showed that ID1 is regulated by Src kinases, overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma, and targeted by Src-dependent microRNAs. The current study focused on the association between miR-381 and ID1 in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS An ID1 3'UTR-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether miR-381 directly targets ID1. Human lung cancer cell lines were stably transduced with a precursor of miR-381 to evaluate its role on ID1 expression and to investigate changes in cell migration and invasion. The Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors saracatinib and dasatinib were used to repress ID1 expression. MiR-381 expression was measured in 18 human lung adenocarcinomas and corresponding normal lung tissue by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS ID1 is a direct target of miR-381 as shown by 3'UTR luciferase reporter assays. MiR-381 expression was negatively correlated with ID1 expression in lung cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-381 reduced ID1 mRNA and protein levels, and significantly decreased cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, miR-381 was significantly downregulated in human lung adenocarcinomas, and low miR-381 expression levels correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that downregulation of miR-381 and thus induction of its target ID1 may contribute to the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinomas. Further studies to explore potential therapeutic strategies, including Src inhibitors, are ongoing.
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Liu Z, Chen J, Luo W, Yang H, Wu A, Zhen Y, Yu X, Wang H, Yao K, Li X, Fang W. Overexpressed DNA-binding protein inhibitor 2 as an unfavorable prognosis factor promotes cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:503-12. [PMID: 22551584 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of DNA-binding protein inhibitor 2 (ID2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its correlation with clinicopathological features. It was found that the expression of ID2 was significantly increased in NPC cells when compared with that in NP69 cell line. Similar level of ID2 cytoplasmic expression was observed in NPC when compared with that in non-cancerous nasopharynx tissues. However, the level of ID2 in nucleus was increased in NPC when compared with that in normal nasopharynx tissues. Furthermore, the higher expression level of nuclear ID2 was significantly associated with tumor size (T classification), lymph node metastasis (N classification), and clinical stage. Patients with increased ID2 expression level had poorer overall survival rates than those with low ID2 levels. The inhibition of ID2 expression in NPC cell line SUNE1 by lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA could suppress cell proliferation and colony formation, but did not disrupt cell migration. Knocking down the expression of ID2 by RNA interference could down-regulate the expression of Snail, suggesting that ID2-promoted cell growth, partially attributing to the regulation of Snail activity in NPC. Our study demonstrated that over-expression of ID2 protein is an unfavorable prognostic factor which promotes cell proliferation in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Wen YH, Ho A, Patil S, Akram M, Catalano J, Eaton A, Norton L, Benezra R, Brogi E. Id4 protein is highly expressed in triple-negative breast carcinomas: possible implications for BRCA1 downregulation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135:93-102. [PMID: 22538771 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 germline mutation carriers usually develop ER, PR and HER2 negative breast carcinoma. Somatic BRCA1 mutations are rare in sporadic breast cancers, but other mechanisms could impair BRCA1 functions in these tumors, particularly in triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs). Id4, a helix-loop-helix DNA binding factor, blocks BRCA1 gene transcription in vitro and could downregulate BRCA1 in vivo. We compared Id4 immunoreactivity in 101 TNBCs versus 113 non-TNBCs, and correlated the results with tumor morphology and immunoreactivity for CK5/6, CK14, EGFR, and androgen receptor (AR). Id4 was present in 76 out of 101 (75 %) TNBCs: 40 (40 %) TNBCs displayed Id4 positivity in >50 % of neoplastic cells, 23 (23 %) in 5-50 %, and 13 (13 %) in <5 %. In contrast, only 6 (5 %) of 113 non-TNBCs showed focal Id4 positivity, limited to fewer than 5 % of the tumor (p < 0.0001). Id4 expression significantly associated with high histologic grade (p = 0.0002) and mitotic rate (p = 0.006). Id4 decorated all 12 TNBCs with large central acellular zone of necrosis in our series, with positive staining in 10-90 % of the cells. Id4 signal strongly correlated with cytokeratin CK14 reactivity (p < 0.0001), but not with CK5/6 and EGFR. All apocrine carcinomas in our series were positive for AR and most for EGFR, but they were negative for CK5/6, CK14, and Id4, with only two exceptions. Our results document substantial expression of Id4 in most TNBCs, which could result in functional downregulation of BRCA1 pathways in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hannah Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Sun W, Guo MM, Han P, Lin JZ, Liang FY, Tan GM, Li HB, Zeng M, Huang XM. Id-1 and the p65 subunit of NF-κB promote migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and are correlated with poor prognosis. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:810-7. [PMID: 22301282 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation (Id)-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) have been detected in many malignant tumors, and their presence has been correlated with the metastatic potential of these tumors. This study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic significance of the expression of Id-1 and the p65 subunit of NF-κB (NF-κB/p65) and the proteins' roles in the invasion process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of Id-1 and NF-κB/p65 in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and NPC cell lines were examined using reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analysis, whereas the mRNA and protein levels of Id-1 and NF-κB/p65 in clinical NPC specimens were determined by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence Id-1 and NF-κB/p65 to allow for the examination of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and migratory capacity changes in CNE-2 cells. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that elevated Id-1 expression was a significant independent predictor of the 5 year overall survival rate (hazards ratio = 16.720, P = 0.005). Furthermore, elevated expression of both Id-1 and NF-κB/p65 was associated with poor clinical survival (P = 0.049). Targeting Id-1 and NF-κB/p65 mRNA with shRNA in CNE-2 cells inhibited MMP-9 expression and decreased the migratory capacity of CNE-2 cells. In conclusion, Id-1 expression is a novel independent prognostic marker molecule that helps identify NPC patients with a poor prognosis. Additionally, combined analysis of Id-1 and NF-κB/p65 can be useful for identifying patients at risk for unfavorable clinical outcomes. Id-1 or/and NF-κB/p65 enhanced tumor cell migration, which is associated with the secretion of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Public Republic of China
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Hu H, Wang YL, Wang GW, Wong YC, Wang XF, Wang Y, Xu KX. A novel role of Id-1 in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1242-53. [PMID: 22226665 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding -1 (Id-1) has been shown to be increased in several types of advanced cancer, and to be associated with aggressive and metastatic abilities of cancer cells. Recently, more and more evidence indicates that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism taking place during tumor invasion and metastasis, but the molecular pathways underlying EMT have not been clearly established. This study was to investigate the expression of Id-1 in bladder cancer and its association with EMT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 169 tissues, consisting of 147 primary bladder cancers and 22 adjacent normal tissues were included in this study. Id-1, E-cadherin, and β-catenin were examined immunohistochemically in paraffin sections. The pBabe-Id-1 expression retroviral vector and retroviral vectors containing an Id-1-specific small interfering RNA oligonucleotides (si-Id-1) were transfected into 2 bladder cancer cell lines respectively. Then, we used Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining to detect the cellular expression of epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers. The invasion and migration ability of bladder cancer cells were identified by type I collagen invasion assay and wound closure assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that increased Id-1 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage and grade. In addition, the increased Id-1 expression in bladder tumors was also correlated with decreased membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. In vitro, studies showed that inactivation of the Id-1 gene conferred morphologic transition of bladder cancer cells from a fibroblastic to epithelial appearance, and overexpression of Id-1 could lead to acquisition of a fibroblastic spindle cell phenotype accompanied by loss of cell-to-cell contacts. By Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining, we showed that the expression level of Id-1 was correlated with the expression of mesenchymal markers but was inversely correlated with the expression of epithelial markers. Moreover, results of collagen invasion and wound closure assays showed ectopic Id-1 expression led to increased ability of invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Id-1 may play roles in tumor progression and EMT activation in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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Li XJ, Zhu CD, Yu W, Wang P, Chen FF, Xia XY, Luo B. Overexpression of Id3 induces apoptosis of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif 2011; 45:1-8. [PMID: 22151756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) protein has been implicated in the control of multiple cell death signalling pathways and in aetiology of numerous diseases. The aims of this study were to construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector (pEGFP/Id3), containing human Id3 (hId3) fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and to determine effects of ectopic Id3 overexpression, on human lung adenocarcinoma cell (A549) proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Id3 cDNA was inserted into pEGFP-N1 vector to yield the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP/Id3. Cells were transfected with pEGFP or pEGFP/Id3, and proliferation of EGFP-expressing cells was monitored by flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were used to assess Id3 mRNA transcription and protein expression. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V/7-AAD staining and FCM, while nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells was examined using Hoechst 33258 staining. RESULTS Over 4 days transfection with pEGFP, the proportion of EGFP-positive A549 cells peaked at approximately 60% by 48 h and remained stable over the next 48 h. In contrast, the proportion of EGFP-positive cells in cultures transfected with pEGFP/Id3 decreased from a peak of 60% at 48 h to <5% at 96 h, suggesting that Id3 expression inhibited cell proliferation or survival. Annexin V/7-AAD and Hoechst 33258 staining revealed significantly higher rates of apoptosis in pEGFP/Id3-transfected cells. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Id3 triggered apoptosis in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, implicating Id3 in negative control of tumour growth. These Id3-induced pro-apoptotic signalling pathways require further study, but this preliminary investigation suggests that Id3 regulation could be exploited in anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-J Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Ponz-Sarvisé M, Nguewa PA, Pajares MJ, Agorreta J, Lozano MD, Redrado M, Pio R, Behrens C, Wistuba II, García-Franco CE, García-Foncillas J, Montuenga LM, Calvo A, Gil-Bazo I. Inhibitor of differentiation-1 as a novel prognostic factor in NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma histology and its potential contribution to therapy resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4155-66. [PMID: 21540238 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) levels have been found in some tumor types. We aimed to study Id1 levels and their prognostic impact in a large series of stages I to IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Experiments in cell lines and cells derived from malignant pleural effusions (MPE) were also carried out. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 346 NSCLC samples (three different cohorts), including 65 matched nonmalignant tissues, were evaluated for Id1 expression by using immunohistochemistry. Additional data from a fourth cohort including 111 patients were obtained for Id1 mRNA expression analysis by using publicly available microarrays. In vitro proliferation assays were conducted to characterize the impact of Id1 on growth and treatment sensitivity. RESULTS Significantly higher Id1 protein levels were found in tumors compared with normal tissues (P < 0.001) and in squamous carcinomas compared with adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001). In radically treated stages I to III patients and stage IV patients treated with chemotherapy, higher Id1 levels were associated with a shorter disease-free survival and overall survival in adenocarcinoma patients in a log-rank test. A Cox model confirmed the independent prognostic value of Id1 levels for both stages I to III and stage IV patients. In silico analysis confirmed a correlation between higher Id1 mRNA levels and poor prognosis for adenocarcinoma subjects. In vitro Id1 silencing in radio/chemotherapy-resistant adenocarcinoma cells from MPEs restored sensitivity to both therapies. CONCLUSIONS In our series, Id1 levels showed an independent prognostic value in patients with adenocarcinoma, regardless of the stage. Id1 silencing may sensitize adenocarcinoma cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ponz-Sarvisé
- Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Thoracic Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
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Dell'Orso S, Ganci F, Strano S, Blandino G, Fontemaggi G. ID4: a new player in the cancer arena. Oncotarget 2011; 1:48-58. [PMID: 21293053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Id proteins (Id-1 to 4) are dominant negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. They play a key role during development, preventing cell differentiation while inducing cell proliferation. They are poorly expressed in adult life but can be reactivated in tumorigenesis. Several evidences indicate that Id proteins are associated with loss of differentiation, unrestricted proliferation and neoangiogenesis in diverse human cancers. Recently, we identified Id4 as a transcriptional target of the protein complex mutant p53/E2F1/p300 in breast cancer. Id4 protein binds, stabilizes and enhances the translation of mRNAs encoding proangiogenic cytokines, such as IL8 and GRO-alpha, increasing the angiogenic potential of cancer cells. We present here an overview of the current experimental data that links Id4 to cancer. We provide evidence also of the induction of Id4 following anticancer treatments in mutant p53- carrying cells. Indeed, mutant p53 is recruited to a specific region of the Id4 promoter upon DNA damage. Our findings indicate that Id4, besides its proangiogenic role, might also participate in the chemoresistance associated to mutant p53 proteins exerting gain of function activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dell'Orso
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy
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29
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Cheng YJ, Tsai JW, Hsieh KC, Yang YC, Chen YJ, Huang MS, Yuan SS. Id1 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth through Akt-related pathway. Cancer Lett 2011; 307:191-9. [PMID: 21536374 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Id family proteins inhibits cell differentiation and enhances cell proliferation and invasiveness. Although Id1 is the Id family member mostly linked to tumorigenesis, its role in lung cancer is unclear. An elevated Id1 expression was observed in lung cancer cell lines as well as lung cancer tissues. Id1 overexpression increased cell proliferation while Id1 knockdown decreased cell proliferation, mostly through Akt-related pathway. Nude mice study further confirmed an increased tumor growth in Id1-overexpressing cells and a decreased tumor growth in Id1-knockdowned cells. In conclusion, inactivation of Id1 may provide a novel strategy for treatment of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Cheng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, No. 1 E-DA Road, Jiau-Shu, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC
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Chen C, Fu X, Zhang D, Li Y, Xie Y, Li Y, Huang Y. Varied pathways of stage IA lung adenocarcinomas discovered by integrated gene expression analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:551-66. [PMID: 21552421 PMCID: PMC3088877 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovery of the progression-associated genes and pathways in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) has important implications in understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor development. However, few studies had been performed to focus on the changes of pathways in lung adenocarcinoma development using microarray expression profile. RESULT We performed a meta-analysis of 4 LAD microarray datasets encompassing 353 patients to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal lung tissues and LAD of different stages. Overall, 1 838 genes were found to be dys-regulated, and the adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, and Id pathways were significantly changed. Interestingly, most of the genes from the same gene family (such as Interleukin receptor, Matrix metallopeptidase, Histone cluster and Minichromosome maintenance complex component families) were found to be up-regulated (or down-regulated). Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to validate the expression of randomly selected 18 DEGs in LAD cell lines. In the pathway analysis among stages, Oxidative stress, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Integrin-mediated cell adhesion pathways, which were involved in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, were showed to be significantly regulated in stages other than IA. CONCLUSION Genes involved in adipogenesis and Id pathways might play important roles in development of LADs. The similar trend of expression of the gene family members suggested coordinate regulation in tumor progression. Three pathways (Oxidative stress, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Integrin-mediated cell adhesion pathways) significantly regulated in stages other than stage IA suggested that genes and pathways conferring invasive character might be activated in the preinvasive stage IB, while the Oxidative stress and the Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathways might have strong connections to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The insignificantly regulated three pathways in stage IA might be used in early-stage detection of LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li XJ, Jia L, Chen FF, Zhong AF, Yu W, Wang K, Luo B. Soluble expression of human Id 3in Escherichia coliand generation and application of its polyclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rothschild SI, Kappeler A, Ratschiller D, Betticher DC, Tschan MP, Gugger M, Gautschi O. The stem cell gene "inhibitor of differentiation 1" (ID1) is frequently expressed in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 71:306-11. [PMID: 20709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) plays a role in cellular differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor invasion. As shown recently, ID1 is positively regulated by the tyrosine kinase SRC in lung carcinoma cell lines and with that appears as a potential new therapeutic target in non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC). To substantiate this hypothesis we examined ID1, SRC and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) immunohistochemically in human NSCLC specimens. METHODS From 61 consecutive patient tissue samples of a tumor tissue bank a one core tissue microarray (TMA) was produced and whole slide tissue samples of preinvasive lesions used. The staining of commercial antibodies was assessed by the H-score. Statistical analyses based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS ID1 was expressed in the nucleus in 70% of squamous cell carcinomas and 50% of non-squamous cell carcinomas and in vascular endothelium of non-tumor tissue. Cytoplasmic staining was found in all samples for SRC and in 93% for MMP-9. ID1-positive tissue samples co-expressed SRC and MMP-9 in 94%. In non-squamous cell carcinomas, H-scores of ID1 and SRC correlated with each other (p=0.04). H-score of MMP-9 correlated with tumor grade (p=0.04). The carcinoma findings were reflected in preinvasive lesions. CONCLUSIONS We describe for the first time the immunohistochemical expression of ID1 in the majority of NSCLC samples. The almost general co-expression of ID1, SRC and MMP-9 supports their cooperation in vivo and warrants further investigation of ID1 as a therapeutic target.
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Phi JH, Kim JH, Eun KM, Wang KC, Park KH, Choi SA, Kim YY, Park SH, Cho BK, Kim SK. Upregulation of SOX2, NOTCH1, and ID1 in supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors: a distinct differentiation pattern from that of medulloblastomas. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010; 5:608-14. [PMID: 20515335 DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.peds1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and medulloblastoma are highly malignant embryonal brain tumors. They share morphological similarities, but differ in their differentiation patterns and global gene expression. The authors compared the expression of specific genes involved in neuroglial differentiation in supratentorial PNETs and medulloblastomas to define the distinct characters of these tumors. METHODS The mRNA expression of 8 genes (SOX2, NOTCH1, ID1, ASCL-1, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, NEUROG2, and NRG1) was evaluated in 25 embryonal tumors (12 supratentorial PNETs and 13 medulloblastomas) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of the transcripts of these genes were compared between the tumor groups. Activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway was assessed by immunoblotting. Relative expression levels of STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 proteins were compared. RESULTS Supratentorial PNETs expressed significantly higher levels of SOX2, NOTCH1, ID1, and ASCL-1 transcripts, whereas the transcription of proneural basic helix-loop-helix factors, NEUROD1, NEUROG1 (significantly), and NEUROG2 (not significantly) was upregulated in medulloblastomas. The proportion of phosphorylated STAT3alpha relative to STAT3alpha was significantly greater in supratentorial PNETs than in medulloblastomas, indicating activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in supratentorial PNETs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that supratentorial PNET predominantly has glial features and medulloblastoma largely follows a neuronal differentiation pattern. These divergent differentiation patterns may be related to the location and origin of each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Zeng W, Rushing EJ, Hartmann DP, Azumi N. Increased inhibitor of differentiation 4 (id4) expression in glioblastoma: a tissue microarray study. J Cancer 2010; 1:1-5. [PMID: 20842217 PMCID: PMC2931346 DOI: 10.7150/jca.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding protein family (Id1-4) is involved in cell cycle control, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis through the negative regulation of helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Of these proteins, Id4 is known to play an important role in neural stem cell differentiation, and deregulation has been implicated in glial neoplasia. However, the expression and significance of Id4 in astrocytomas has not been fully addressed. Herein we report the differential expression of Id4 in astrocytomas of various grades using tissue microarrays (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Design: The GBM TMA was constructed from 53 archival cases at Georgetown University Hospital and a TMA with normal brain controls and grades II-III astrocytoma was obtained from Cybrdi (Rockville, MD). TMA sections were stained with Id4 antibody and the slides were scored according to the percentage of staining astrocytic nuclei (<9% -, 10-50% +, >51% ++). The Fisher Exact test was used to test for statistical significance. Results: Nuclear staining for Id4 was seen in 73.58% GBMs, 25% grade III, and 12.5% grade II astrocytomas; staining was absent in normal brain tissue. There was a statistically significant difference between GBM and grades II, III astrocytoma (p <0.01). Significant Id4 expression was not detected in normal brain. Conclusions: Our study confirms the frequent upregulation of Id4 expression in GBM, which lends support to its role in tumorigenesis, possibly in the transformation of low to high-grade astrocytoma (i.e. GBM). Further studies are warranted to determine the precise role of Id4 in glial neoplasia and its potential use in targeted therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifin Zeng
- 1. Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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35
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Dell'Orso S, Ganci F, Strano S, Blandino G, Fontemaggi G. ID4: a new player in the cancer arena. Oncotarget 2010; 1:48-58. [PMID: 21293053 PMCID: PMC4053547 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Id proteins (Id-1 to 4) are dominant negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. They play a key role during development, preventing cell differentiation while inducing cell proliferation. They are poorly expressed in adult life but can be reactivated in tumorigenesis. Several evidences indicate that Id proteins are associated with loss of differentiation, unrestricted proliferation and neoangiogenesis in diverse human cancers. Recently, we identified Id4 as a transcriptional target of the protein complex mutant p53/E2F1/p300 in breast cancer. Id4 protein binds, stabilizes and enhances the translation of mRNAs encoding proangiogenic cytokines, such as IL8 and GRO-alpha, increasing the angiogenic potential of cancer cells. We present here an overview of the current experimental data that links Id4 to cancer. We provide evidence also of the induction of Id4 following anticancer treatments in mutant p53- carrying cells. Indeed, mutant p53 is recruited to a specific region of the Id4 promoter upon DNA damage. Our findings indicate that Id4, besides its proangiogenic role, might also participate in the chemoresistance associated to mutant p53 proteins exerting gain of function activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dell'Orso
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
- Rome Oncogenomic Center (ROC), Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Ganci
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
- Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Scientific Direction, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
- Rome Oncogenomic Center (ROC), Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
- Rome Oncogenomic Center (ROC), Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00144-Rome, Italy.
- General Pathology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
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Id1 promotes tumor cell migration in nonsmall cell lung cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:856105. [PMID: 20414347 PMCID: PMC2855985 DOI: 10.1155/2010/856105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Id1, which belongs to the Id family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors has been most associated with tumor progression and metastatsis; however, its significance in lung cancers has not been extensively explored. Here we seek to evaluate the expression of Id1 in a pilot study of nonsmall-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and determine its diagnostic and functional significance in these tumors. Paired normal and malignant lung tissues as well as a panel of NSCLC primary tumors and cell lines were evaluated for Id1 expression using Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. Functional assays were performed to evaluate the role of Id1 in tumor cell growth, migration and progression. We find Id1 expression is upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma when compared to adenocarcinoma of the lung and that expression of Id1 versus the normal control is variable in NSCLCs. We also note that Id1 expression in NSCLC cells is largely growth factor dependant and constitutive expression of Id1 in NSCLC cells significantly increases tumor cell migration without affecting cell proliferation. We conclude that Id1, as a mediator of tumor cell migration, may be an indicator of aggressive potential in nonsmall-cell lung cancers.
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Mitchell D, Pobre EG, Mulivor AW, Grinberg AV, Castonguay R, Monnell TE, Solban N, Ucran JA, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R. ALK1-Fc inhibits multiple mediators of angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:379-88. [PMID: 20124460 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) is a type I, endothelial cell-specific member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of receptors known to play an essential role in modulating angiogenesis and vessel maintenance. In the present study, we sought to examine the angiogenic and tumorigenic effects mediated upon the inhibition of ALK1 signaling using a soluble chimeric protein (ALK1-Fc). Of 29 transforming growth factor-beta-related ligands screened by surface plasmon resonance, only bone morphogenetic protein (BMP9) and BMP10 displayed high-affinity binding to ALK1-Fc. In cell-based assays, ALK1-Fc inhibited BMP9-mediated Id-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and inhibited cord formation by these cells on a Matrigel substrate. In a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, ALK1-Fc reduced vascular endothelial growth factor-, fibroblast growth factor-, and BMP10-mediated vessel formation. The growth of B16 melanoma explants was also inhibited significantly by ALK1-Fc in this assay. Finally, ALK1-Fc treatment reduced tumor burden in mice receiving orthotopic grafts of MCF7 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. These data show the efficacy of chimeric ALK1-Fc proteins in mitigating vessel formation and support the view that ALK1-Fc is a powerful antiangiogenic agent capable of blocking vascularization.
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Li B, Tsao SW, Li YY, Wang X, Ling MT, Wong YC, He QY, Cheung ALM. Id-1 promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of human esophageal cancer cells through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2576-85. [PMID: 19551863 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Id-1 (inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding) is a helix-loop-helix protein that is overexpressed in many types of cancer including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We previously reported that ectopic Id-1 expression activates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in human esophageal cancer cells. In this study, we confirmed a positive correlation between Id-1 and phospho-AKT (Ser473) expressions in ESCC cell lines, as well as in ESCC on a tissue microarray. To investigate the significance of Id-1 in esophageal cancer progression, ESCC cells with stable ectopic Id-1 expression were inoculated subcutaneously into the flank of nude mice and were found to form larger tumors that showed elevated Ki-67 proliferation index and increased angiogenesis, as well as reduced apoptosis, compared with control cells expressing the empty vector.The Id-1-overexpressing cells also exhibited enhanced metastatic potential in the experimental metastasis assay. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated the tumor promotion effects of Id-1, indicating that the effects were mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, our in vitro experiments showed that ectopic Id-1 expression altered the expression levels of markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced the migration ability of esophageal cancer cells. The Id-1-overexpressing ESCC cells also exhibited increased invasive potential, which was in part due to PI3K/AKT-dependent modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. In conclusion, our results provide the first evidence that Id-1 promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of human esophageal cancer in vivo and that the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 can attenuate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hu Z, Wang C, Xiao Y, Sheng N, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Mo W, Jing N, Hu G. NDST1-dependent heparan sulfate regulates BMP signaling and internalization in lung development. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1145-54. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.034736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for various signaling pathways, one of which is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (NDST1) participates in synthesizing heparan sulfate (HS) chains of HSPGs, and is involved in bone and lung development. Here, we report that in spite of the redundant expression of Ndst2, Ndst3 and Ndst4 genes, Ndst1–/– mice display defective differentiation of lung cells and increased cell proliferation. Loss of Ndst1 in the lung enhances downstream BMP signaling in vivo. Noggin, which is an antagonist of BMP, can rescue the Ndst1–/– lung morphogenetic defects in explant cultures. Further studies in vitro indicated that loss of Ndst1 significantly impairs BMP internalization by decreasing BMP binding to endogenous HS. Exogenous heparin can rescue both the BMP signaling and BMP internalization abnormalities in Ndst1–/– lung. Thus, we propose that HS regulates BMP signaling by controlling the balance between BMP binding to HS, and that BMP receptors and NDST1-dependent modification are essential for this process. The results suggest that NDST1-dependent HS is essential for proper functioning of BMP in embryonic lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Nengyin Sheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Gengxi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
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Rollin J, Bléchet C, Régina S, Tenenhaus A, Guyétant S, Gidrol X. The intracellular localization of ID2 expression has a predictive value in non small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4158. [PMID: 19129913 PMCID: PMC2612745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ID2 is a member of a subclass of transcription regulators belonging to the general bHLH (basic-helix-loop-helix) family of transcription factors. In normal cells, ID2 is responsible for regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation. More recent studies have demonstrated that ID2 is involved in tumor progression in several cancer types such as prostate or breast. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this work, we investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the expression of ID2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of these patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays, which included 62 NSCLC tumors. In malignant tissues, ID2 expression has been detected in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, but we have demonstrated that only nuclear expression of ID2 is inversely correlated with the differentiation grade of the tumor (p = 0.007). Interestingly, among patients with poorly differentiated tumors, high nuclear expression of ID2 was an independent and unfavorable prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ID2 could be involved in tumor dedifferentiation processes of NSCLC, and could be used as prognostic marker for patients with poorly differentiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Rollin
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, Laboratoire d'Exploration Fonctionnelle des Génomes, Evry, France
| | - Claire Bléchet
- INSERM, U618, and IFR 135, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Bretonneau Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Sandra Régina
- INSERM, U618, and IFR 135, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie-Hémostase, Trousseau Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, Laboratoire d'Exploration Fonctionnelle des Génomes, Evry, France
| | - Serge Guyétant
- INSERM, U618, and IFR 135, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Bretonneau Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, Laboratoire d'Exploration Fonctionnelle des Génomes, Evry, France
- * E-mail:
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