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Gan L, Lu T, Lu Y, Song H, Zhang J, Zhang K, Lu S, Wu X, Nie F, Di S, Han D, Yang F, Qin W, Wen W. Endosialin-positive CAFs promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by suppressing CD8 + T cell infiltration. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009111. [PMID: 39260826 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endosialin, also known as tumor endothelial marker1 or CD248, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is mainly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study has found that endosialin-positive CAFs could recruit and induce the M2 polarization of macrophages in HCC. However, whether they may regulate other types of immune cells to promoting HCC progression is not known. APPROACH AND RESULTS The growth of both subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC tumors was significantly inhibited in endosialin knockout (ENKO) mice. Single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry analysis showed that tumor tissues from ENKO mice had increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. Mixed HCC tumor with Hepa1-6 cells and endosialin knockdown fibroblasts also showed inhibited growth and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. Data from in vitro co-culture assay, chemokine array and antibody blocking assay, RNA-seq and validation experiments showed that endosialin inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 in CAFs. This inhibition leads to a decrease in CXCL9/10 expression and secretion, resulting in the suppression of CD8+ T cell infiltration. High level of endosialin protein expression was correlated with low CD8+ T infiltration in the tumor tissue of HCC patients. The combination therapy of endosialin antibody and PD-1 antibody showed synergistic antitumor effect compared with either antibody used individually. CONCLUSIONS Endosialin could inhibit CD8+ T cell infiltration by inhibiting the expression and secretion of CXCL9/10 in CAFs, thus promote HCC progression. Combination therapy with endosialin antibody could increase the antitumor effect of PD-1 antibody in HCC, which may overcome the resistance to PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbiao Gan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Song
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengze Nie
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Di
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Wu J, Zhang Q, Wu J, Yang Z, Liu X, Lou C, Wang X, Peng J, Zhang J, Shang Z, Xiao J, Wang N, Zhang R, Zhou J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhang R, Zhang J, Zeng Z. IL-8 from CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts generates cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18185. [PMID: 38396325 PMCID: PMC10891307 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a substantial barrier to effective care. It is still unclear how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to NSCLC resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we found that CD248+ CAFs released IL-8 in NSCLC, which, in turn, enhanced the cisplatin (CDDP) IC50 in A549 and NCI-H460 while decreasing the apoptotic percentage of A549 and NCI-H460 in vitro. The CD248+ CAFs-based IL-8 secretion induced NSCLC chemoresistance by stimulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and elevating ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1). We also revealed that the CD248+ CAFs-based IL-8 release enhanced cisplatin chemoresistance in NSCLC mouse models in vivo. Relative to wild-type control mice, the CD248 conditional knockout mice exhibited significant reduction of IL-8 secretion, which, in turn, enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in vivo. In summary, our study identified CD248 activates the NF-κB axis, which, consecutively induces the CAFs-based secretion of IL-8, which promotes NSCLC chemoresistance. This report highlights a potential new approach to enhancing the chemotherapeutic potential of NSCLC-treating cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieheng Wu
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and EngineeringGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Zeyang Yang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Guizhou Prenatal Diagnsis CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Chunju Lou
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Xuanyin Wang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Jiangying Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysisZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- School of Health ManagementGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhenling Shang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Nianxue Wang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Ruya Zhang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Jinyao Zhou
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and EngineeringGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and EngineeringGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of ImmunologyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and EngineeringGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
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Amruta A, Iannotta D, Cheetham SW, Lammers T, Wolfram J. Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115054. [PMID: 37591370 PMCID: PMC10693934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to deliver RNA and protein-based therapeutics. Organ-specific vasculature provides a promising intermediary for site-specific delivery of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to interstitial cells. Endothelial cells express organ-specific surface marker repertoires that can be used for targeted delivery. This article highlights organ-specific vasculature properties, nanodelivery strategies that exploit vasculature organotropism, and overlooked challenges and opportunities in targeting and simultaneously overcoming the endothelial barrier. Impediments in the clinical translation of vasculature organotropism in drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amruta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lu S, Lu T, Zhang J, Gan L, Wu X, Han D, Zhang K, Xu C, Liu S, Qin W, Yang F, Wen W. CD248 promotes migration and metastasis of osteosarcoma through ITGB1-mediated FAK-paxillin pathway activation. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 36997926 PMCID: PMC10061858 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor with a high incidence in children and adolescents. Frequent tumor metastasis and high postoperative recurrence are the most common challenges in OS. However, detailed mechanism is largely unknown. METHODS We examined the expression of CD248 in OS tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. We studied the biological function of CD248 in cell proliferation, invasion and migration of OS cells by CCK8 assay, transwell and wound healing assay. We also studied its function in the metastasis of OS in vivo. At last, we explored the potential mechanism how CD248 promotes OS metastasis by using RNA-seq, western blot, immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation using CD248 knockdown OS cells. RESULTS CD248 was highly expressed in OS tissues and its high expression was correlated with pulmonary metastasis of OS. Knockdown of CD248 in OS cells significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion and metastasis, while had no obvious effect on cell proliferation. Lung metastasis in nude mice was significantly inhibited when CD248 was knocked down. Mechanistically, we found that CD248 could promote the interaction between ITGB1 and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like CYR61 and FN, which activated the FAK-paxillin pathway to promote the formation of focal adhesion and metastasis of OS. CONCLUSION Our data showed that high CD248 expression is correlated with the metastatic potential of OS. CD248 may promote migration and metastasis through enhancing the interaction between ITGB1 and certain ECM proteins. Therefore, CD248 is a potential marker for diagnosis and effective target for the treatment of metastatic OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lunbiao Gan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Weihong Wen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Rijs Z, Belt E, Kalisvaart GM, Sier CFM, Kuppen PJK, Cleven AHG, Vahrmeijer AL, van de Sande MAJ, van Driel PBAA. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Candidate Biomarkers for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Myxofibrosarcoma Using an Objective Scoring Method. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030982. [PMID: 36979961 PMCID: PMC10046284 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma subtype in elderly patients. Local recurrence (LR) remains a major concern as the lack of intraoperative guidance and an infiltrative growth pattern with long, slender tails hamper surgeons' ability to achieve adequate resection margins for MFS. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) could overcome this concern by delineating tumor tissue during surgery. One of the most important steps to successful FGS is to define a tumor-specific biomarker that is highly overexpressed in tumor tissue while low or absent in adjacent healthy tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of eight previously selected promising biomarkers for FGS in MFS tissue samples with adjacent healthy tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS The following eight biomarkers were stained in seventeen paraffin-embedded MFS samples: tumor endothelial marker-1 (TEM-1, also known as endosialin/CD248), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1, also known as Flt-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as Flk1), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), platelet derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α), and cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40, also known as TNFRSF5). A pathologist specializing in sarcoma annotated the margin between the tumor and adjacent healthy tissue in each MFS tissue sample. Subsequently, we used an objective IHC scoring method to assess and compare the difference in staining intensity between the tumor and adjacent healthy tissue, which is crucial for the use of FGS. RESULTS TEM-1, VEGF-A, and PDGFR-α stained all MFS tumors, while the other biomarkers did not show expression in all MFS tumors. Ultimately, TEM-1 was identified as the most suitable biomarker for FGS in MFS based on higher tumor-to-background (TBR) staining intensity compared to VEGF-A and PDGFR-α, regardless of preoperative therapy. CONCLUSION TEM-1-targeted FGS tracers should be further investigated to optimize MFS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeger Rijs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Belt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert M Kalisvaart
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Percuros BV, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen H G Cleven
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel A J van de Sande
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wu J, Liu X, Wu J, Lou C, Zhang Q, Chen H, Yang Z, Long S, Wang Y, Shang Z, Hu Z, Zhang R, Zhang J, Zeng Z. CXCL12 derived from CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts mediates M2-polarized macrophages to promote nonsmall cell lung cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166521. [PMID: 35985448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the most prevalent malignant tumours threatening human health. In the tumour microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) induce M2-polarized macrophages, which strongly regulate tumour progression. However, little is known about the association between CAFs and M2 macrophages. CD248 is a transmembrane glycoprotein found in several cancer cells, tumour stromal cells, and pericytes. Here, we isolated CAFs from tumour tissues of NSCLC patients to detect the relationship between CD248 expression and patient prognosis. We knocked down the expression of CD248 on CAFs to detect CXCL12 secretion and macrophage polarization. We then examined the effects of CD248-expressing CAF-induced M2 macrophage polarization to promote NSCLC progression in vitro and in vivo. We found that CD248 is expressed mainly in NSCLC-derived CAFs and that the expression of CD248 correlates with poor patient prognosis. Blocking CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) drastically decreased M2 macrophage chemotaxis. CD248 promotes CAFs secreting CXCL12 to mediate M2-polarized macrophages to promote NSCLC progression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that CD248-positive CAFs induce NSCLC progression by mediating M2-polarized macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Guizhou Prenatal Diagnsis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001 Guiyang, China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Chunju Lou
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Zeyang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Shiqi Long
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenling Shang
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001 Guiyang, China.
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Liu S, Han D, Xu C, Yang F, Li Y, Zhang K, Zhao X, Zhang J, Lu T, Lu S, Shi C, Zhang R, Yang AG, Zhao A, Qin W, Yang B, Wen W. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting CD248 inhibits liver fibrosis through specific killing on myofibroblasts. Mol Med 2022; 28:37. [PMID: 35317721 PMCID: PMC8939076 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic liver injury induces pathological repair, resulting in fibrosis, during which hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated and transform into myofibroblasts. CD248 is mainly expressed on myofibroblasts and was considered as a promising target to treat fibrosis. The primary aim of this study was to generate a CD248 specific antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and evaluate its therapeutic efficacy for liver fibrosis and its safety in vivo. Methods CD248 expression was examined in patients with liver cirrhosis and in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The ADC IgG78-DM1, which targets CD248, was prepared and its bioactivity on activated primary HSCs was studied. The anti-fibrotic effects of IgG78-DM1 on liver fibrosis were evaluated in CCl4-induced mice. The reproductive safety and biosafety of IgG78-DM1 were also evaluated in vivo. Results CD248 expression was upregulated in patients with liver cirrhosis and in CCl4-induced mice, and was mainly expressed on alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+ myofibroblasts. IgG78-DM1 was successfully generated, which could effectively bind with and kill CD248+ activated HSCs in vitro and inhibit liver fibrosis in vivo. In addition, IgG78-DM1 was demonstrated to have qualified biosafety and reproductive safety in vivo. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that CD248 could be an ideal target for myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis, and CD248-targeting IgG78-DM1 had excellent anti-fibrotic effects in mice with liver fibrosis. Our study provided a novel strategy to treat liver fibrosis and expanded the application of ADCs beyond tumors. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00460-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Aizhi Zhao
- OriMAbs Ltd., 250 Corporate Blvd, Suite C, Newark, DE, 19702, USA
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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8
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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Matthaiou EI, Guo Y, Barar J, Sandaltzopoulos R, Kandalaft LE, Li C, Coukos G, Omidi Y. TEM1-targeting PEGylated PLGA shikonin nanoformulation for immunomodulation and eradication of ovarian cancer. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:65-86. [PMID: 35087718 PMCID: PMC8783079 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) is expressed by tumor vascular endothelial cells in various cancers. Methods: Here, we developed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) PEGylated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and functionalized with anti-TEM1 antibody fragment (78Fc) and loaded them with necroptosis-inducing agent shikonin (SHK) (78Fc-PLGA-SHK NPs). Results: The nanoformulation showed a smooth spherical shape (~120 nm; the ζ potential of -30 mV) with high drug entrapment and bioconjugation efficiencies (~92% and ~90%, respectively) and a sustained-release profile in serum. Having significant toxicity in vitro (e.g., MS1 and TC1 cells), the nanoformulation dramatically increased the cytotoxicity in the TC1 murine lung carcinoma subcutaneous and intravenous/metastatic models as aggressive tumor models. The injection of the 78Fc-PLGA-SHK NPs to the MS1-xenograft mice resulted in significantly higher accumulation and effects in the TEM1-positive tumor targets, while they were excreted via urine track without retaining in the liver/spleen. In the TC1 subcutaneous model, C57/BL6 mice treated with the 78Fc-PLGA-SHK NPs revealed a significant therapeutic effect. The mice, which were tumor-free after receiving the nanoformulation, were re-challenged with the TC1 cells to investigate the immune response. These animals became tumor-free a week after the injection of TC1 cells. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we propose the 78Fc-PLGA-SHK NPs as a highly effective immunostimulating nanomedicine against the TEM1-expressing cells for targeted therapy of solid tumors including ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia-Iliana Matthaiou
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Yi Guo
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
,University of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raphael Sandaltzopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
,Corresponding authors: Chunsheng Li, ; Yadollah Omidi,
| | - George Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
,Corresponding authors: Chunsheng Li, ; Yadollah Omidi,
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10
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Xu C, Liu S, Yang F, Zhang K, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Lu T, Lu S, Jiang Y, Qin W, Shi C, Zhang R, Yang AG, Zhao A, Han D, Wen W. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting CD248 + myofibroblasts effectively alleviate renal fibrosis in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22102. [PMID: 34972243 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts, or activated fibroblasts, play a critical role in the process of renal fibrosis. Targeting myofibroblasts to inhibit their activation or induce specific cell death has been considered to be an effective strategy to attenuate renal fibrosis. However, specific biomarkers for myofibroblasts are needed to ensure the efficacy of these strategies. Here, we verified that CD248 was mainly expressed in myofibroblasts in patients with chronic kidney disease, which was inversely correlated with renal function. The same result was also confirmed in renal fibrotic mice induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction and aristolochic acid nephropathy. By using an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) named IgG78-DM1, in which maytansinoid (DM1) was linked to a fully human antibody IgG78 through an uncleavable SMCC linker, we demonstrated that it could effectively bind with and kill CD248+ fibroblasts in vitro and alleviate renal fibrosis in mice models. Besides, we confirmed that IgG78-DM1 had qualified biosafety in vivo. Our results confirmed that CD248 can be used as a specific marker for myofibroblasts, and specific killing of CD248+ myofibroblasts by IgG78-DM1 has excellent anti-fibrotic effect in renal fibrotic mice. Our study expanded the application of ADC and provided a novel strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Rijs Z, Jeremiasse B, Shifai N, Gelderblom H, Sier CFM, Vahrmeijer AL, van Leeuwen FWB, van der Steeg AFW, van de Sande MAJ. Introducing Fluorescence-Guided Surgery for Pediatric Ewing, Osteo-, and Rhabdomyosarcomas: A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101388. [PMID: 34680505 PMCID: PMC8533294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin which represent approximately 13% of all cancers in pediatric patients. The most prevalent pediatric bone sarcomas are osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequently occurring pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. The median age of OS and ES is approximately 17 years, so this disease is also commonly seen in adults while non-pleiomorphic RMS is rare in the adult population. The mainstay of all treatment regimens is multimodal treatment containing chemotherapy, surgical resection, and sometimes (neo)adjuvant radiotherapy. A clear resection margin improves both local control and overall survival and should be the goal during surgery with a curative intent. Real-time intraoperative fluorescence-guided imaging could facilitate complete resections by visualizing tumor tissue during surgery. This review evaluates whether non-targeted and targeted fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) could be beneficial for pediatric OS, ES, and RMS patients. Necessities for clinical implementation, current literature, and the positive as well as negative aspects of non-targeted FGS using the NIR dye Indocyanine Green (ICG) were evaluated. In addition, we provide an overview of targets that could potentially be used for FGS in OS, ES, and RMS. Then, due to the time- and cost-efficient translational perspective, we elaborate on the use of antibody-based tracers as well as their disadvantages and alternatives. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for the experiments needed before FGS can be implemented for pediatric OS, ES, and RMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeger Rijs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.S.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-641-637-074
| | - Bernadette Jeremiasse
- Department of Surgery, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Naweed Shifai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.S.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.F.M.S.); (A.L.V.)
- Percuros BV, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.F.M.S.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alida F. W. van der Steeg
- Department of Surgery, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Michiel A. J. van de Sande
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.S.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
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12
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Cao S, Peterson SM, Müller S, Reichelt M, McRoberts Amador C, Martinez-Martin N. A membrane protein display platform for receptor interactome discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025451118. [PMID: 34531301 PMCID: PMC8488672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025451118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are critical for cell signaling and constitute a quarter of all human genes. Despite their importance and abundance, receptor interaction networks remain understudied because of difficulties associated with maintaining membrane proteins in their native conformation and their typically weak interactions. To overcome these challenges, we developed an extracellular vesicle-based method for membrane protein display that enables purification-free and high-throughput detection of receptor-ligand interactions in membranes. We demonstrate that this platform is broadly applicable to a variety of membrane proteins, enabling enhanced detection of extracellular interactions over a wide range of binding affinities. We were able to recapitulate and expand the interactome for prominent members of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins such as PD-L1/CD274 and B7-H3/CD276. Moreover, when applied to the orphan cancer-associated fibroblast protein, LRRC15, we identified a membrane-dependent interaction with the tumor stroma marker TEM1/CD248. Furthermore, this platform enabled profiling of cellular receptors for target-expressing as well as endogenous extracellular vesicles. Overall, this study presents a sensitive and easy to use screening platform that bypasses membrane protein purification and enables characterization of interactomes for any cell surface-expressed target of interest in its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Cao
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
| | - Sean M Peterson
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Sören Müller
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Pathology Labs, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
- Biologics, Almirall, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Morales E, Olson M, Iglesias F, Dahiya S, Luetkens T, Atanackovic D. Role of immunotherapy in Ewing sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000653. [PMID: 33293354 PMCID: PMC7725096 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is thought to arise from mesenchymal stem cells and is the second most common bone sarcoma in pediatric patients and young adults. Given the dismal overall outcomes and very intensive therapies used, there is an urgent need to explore and develop alternative treatment modalities including immunotherapies. In this article, we provide an overview of ES biology, features of ES tumor microenvironment (TME) and review various tumor-associated antigens that can be targeted with immune-based approaches including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, T cell receptor-transduced T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. We highlight key reasons for the limited efficacy of various immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of ES to date. These factors include absence of human leukocyte antigen class I molecules from the tumor tissue, lack of an ideal surface antigen, and immunosuppressive TME due to the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, F2 fibrocytes, and M2-like macrophages. Lastly, we offer insights into strategies for novel therapeutics development in ES. These strategies include the development of gene-modified T cell receptor T cells against cancer–testis antigen such as XAGE-1, surface target discovery through detailed profiling of ES surface proteome, and combinatorial approaches. In summary, we provide state-of-the-art science in ES tumor immunology and immunotherapy, with rationale and recommendations for future therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morales
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Olson
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fiorella Iglesias
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Cancer Immunotherapy, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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14
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Fierle JK, Brioschi M, de Tiani M, Wetterwald L, Atsaves V, Abram-Saliba J, Petrova TV, Coukos G, Dunn SM. Soluble trivalent engagers redirect cytolytic T cell activity toward tumor endothelial marker 1. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100362. [PMID: 34467246 PMCID: PMC8385295 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) is an emerging cancer target with a unique dual expression profile. First, TEM1 is expressed in the stroma and neo-vasculature of many human carcinomas but is largely absent from healthy adult tissues. Second, TEM1 is expressed by tumor cells of mesenchymal origin, notably sarcoma. Here, we present two fully human anti-TEM1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) reagents, namely, 1C1m and 7G22, that recognize distinct regions of the extracellular domain and possess substantially different affinities. In contrast to other, well-described anti-TEM1 binders, these fragments confer cytolytic activity when expressed as 2nd generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Moreover, both molecules selectively redirect human T cell effector functions toward TEM1+ tumor cells when incorporated into experimental soluble bispecific trivalent engagers that we term TriloBiTEs (tBs). Furthermore, systemic delivery of 1C1m-tB prevents the establishment of Ewing sarcoma tumors in a xenograft model. Our observations confirm TEM1 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and illustrate the prospective translational potential of certain scFv-based reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Fierle
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Brioschi
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mariastella de Tiani
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laureline Wetterwald
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vasileios Atsaves
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Johan Abram-Saliba
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven M Dunn
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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15
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Antibody Conjugates for Sarcoma Therapy: How Far along Are We? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080978. [PMID: 34440182 PMCID: PMC8392509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are one of the most difficult type of cancer to manage and treat because of their extremely heterogeneous molecular and morphological features. Despite the progress made over the years in the establishment of standard protocols for high and low grading/staging sarcoma patients, mostly with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, 50% of treated patients experience relapse episodes. Because of this, in the last 20 years, new therapeutic approaches for sarcoma treatment have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among them, antibody-based therapies have been the most studied. Immunoconjugates consist of a carrier portion, frequently represented by an antibody, linked to a toxic moiety, i.e., a drug, toxin, or radionuclide. While the efficacy of immunoconjugates is well demonstrated in the therapy of hematological tumors and more recently also of epithelial ones, their potential as therapeutic agents against sarcomas is still not completely explored. In this paper, we summarize the results obtained with immunoconjugates targeting sarcoma surface antigens, considering both preclinical and clinical studies. To date, the encouraging results obtained in preclinical studies allowed nine immunoconjugates to enter clinical trials, demonstrating the validity of immunotherapy as a promising pharmacological tool also for sarcoma therapy.
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16
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Katal S, Maldonado A, Carrascoso J, Assadi M, Gholamrezanezhad A. Theranostic Agents in Musculoskeletal Disorders. PET Clin 2021; 16:441-448. [PMID: 34053587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic-based strategies, combining therapeutic and diagnostic properties of a single agent, have gained enormous attention in the past few years. Today, various multifunctional theranostic modalities have been examined, using different bioactive targeting, for the detection, quantifying, and monitoring of therapy response in different pathologies. Herein we review the newly emerging approaches in theranostic nanomedicine for the detection and therapy for musculoskeletal disorders to provide valuable insights for developing more efficient agents for clinical use. Some potential preclinical applications of radionuclide nanotheranostic agents are described in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, multiple myeloma, and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Katal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kowsar Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Antonio Maldonado
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Carrascoso
- Department of Radiology, Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Majid Assadi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Marzec M, Kandefer-Gola M, Janus I, Bubak J, Nowak M. Endosialin (CD248) Expression in Fibromas and Soft-tissue Fibrosarcomas in Dogs. In Vivo 2021; 35:1467-1472. [PMID: 33910824 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endosialin is present in human fibrosarcoma neoplastic cells. This study aimed to analyse the expression of selected cellular proteins found in fibrosarcomas and soft-tissue fibroids in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 71 skin tumours obtained from dogs were used. The samples included 31 fibromas and 40 fibrosarcomas. Histopathological evaluation was performed according to World Health Organization guidelines. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-endosialin, Ki-67, cyclo-oxygenase 2 and vimentin antibodies and assessed using the semi-quantitative scale. RESULTS Endosialin expression was observed in 82.5% of fibrosarcomas and in 35% of fibromas. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of endosialin in fibrosarcoma neoplastic cells and the degree of histological malignancy and the expression of the Ki-67 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 antigen. Expression of vimentin confirmed mesenchymal origin of this tumours. CONCLUSION The results of our research suggest that endosialin is involved in the carcinogenesis of fibrosarcoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Marzec
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Janus
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bubak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Cheng TL, Lin YS, Hong YK, Ma CY, Tsai HW, Shi GY, Wu HL, Lai CH. Role of tumor endothelial marker 1 (Endosialin/CD248) lectin-like domain in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation and sepsis in mice. Transl Res 2021; 232:150-162. [PMID: 33737161 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deleterious hyper-inflammation resulting from macrophage activation may aggravate sepsis and lead to lethality. Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein containing six functional domains, has been implicated in cancer and chronic sterile inflammatory disorders. However, the role of TEM1 in acute sepsis remains to be determined. Herein we explored the functional significance of the TEM1 lectin-like domain (TEM1D1) in monocyte/macrophage activation and sepsis using TEM1D1-deleted (TEM1LeD/LeD) transgenic mice and recombinant TEM1D1 (rTEM1D1) protein. Under stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or several other toll-like receptor agonists, TEM1LeD/LeD macrophages produced lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 than wild-type TEM1wt/wt macrophages. Compared with TEM1wt/wt macrophages, LPS-macrophage binding and intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were suppressed in TEM1LeD/LeD macrophages. In vivo, TEM1D1 deletion improved survival in LPS-challenged mice with reduction of circulating TNF-α and IL-6 and alleviation of lung injury and pulmonary leukocyte accumulation. In contrast, rTEM1D1 could bind to LPS and markedly suppress LPS-macrophage binding, MAPK/NF-κB signaling in macrophages and proinflammatory cytokine production. Treatment with rTEM1D1 improved survival and attenuated circulating TNF-α and IL-6, lung injury and pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes in LPS-challenged mice. These findings demonstrated differential roles for the TEM1 lectin-like domain in macrophages and soluble TEM1 lectin-like domain in sepsis. TEM1 in macrophages mediates LPS-induced inflammation via its lectin-like domain, whereas rTEM1D1 interferes with LPS-induced macrophage activation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Orthopedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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19
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Li J, Qin B, Huang M, Ma Y, Li D, Li W, Guo Z. Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs) for the Serological Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665106. [PMID: 33995397 PMCID: PMC8119874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of malignant bone tumor found in childhood and adolescence. Although its incidence rate is low among cancers, the prognosis of OS is usually poor. Although some biomarkers, such as p53, have been identified in OS, the association between the biomarkers and clinical outcome is not well understood. Thus, it is necessary to establish a method to identify patients diagnosed with OS at an early stage. It is becoming obvious that anti-tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) autoantibodies (TAAbs) in sera could be used as serological biomarkers in the detection of many different types of cancers. This notion indicates that TAAbs are considered as immunological “sentinels” associated with tumorigenesis underlying molecular events. It provides new insights into the molecular and cellular biology of the differential diagnosis of cancers. What’s more, it is reported that a customized TAA array could significantly increase the sensitivity/specificity. TAA arrays also have great application prospects in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring cancer progression, discovering new therapeutic targets, and designing personalized treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the TAAs identified in OS as well as the possibility that TAAs and TAAbs system be used as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Transitional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manyu Huang
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
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20
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Desai SA, Manjappa A, Khulbe P. Drug delivery nanocarriers and recent advances ventured to improve therapeutic efficacy against osteosarcoma: an overview. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:4. [PMID: 33555490 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the key cancers affecting the bone tissues, primarily occurred in children and adolescence. Recently, chemotherapy followed by surgery and then post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of OS. However, the lack of selectivity and sensitivity to tumor cells, the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and dangerous side effects have restricted the use of chemotherapeutics. MAIN BODY There is an unmet need for novel drug delivery strategies for effective treatment and management of OS. Advances in nanotechnology have led to momentous progress in the design of tumor-targeted drug delivery nanocarriers (NCs) as well as functionalized smart NCs to achieve targeting and to treat OS effectively. The present review summarizes the drug delivery challenges in OS, and how organic nanoparticulate approaches are useful in overcoming barriers will be explained. The present review describes the various organic nanoparticulate approaches such as conventional nanocarriers, stimuli-responsive NCs, and ligand-based active targeting strategies tested against OS. The drug conjugates prepared with copolymer and ligand having bone affinity, and advanced promising approaches such as gene therapy, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, and T cell therapy tested against OS along with their reported limitations are also briefed in this review. CONCLUSION The nanoparticulate drugs, drug conjugates, and advanced therapies such as gene therapy, and T cell therapy have promising and potential application in the effective treatment of OS. However, many of the above approaches are still at the preclinical stage, and there is a long transitional period before their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Arun Desai
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Rd, Mahal, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India. .,Annasaheb Dange College of D Pharmacy, Ashta, Tal: Walwa, Dist., Sangli, Maharashtra, 416301, India.
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist., Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Preeti Khulbe
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Rd, Mahal, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
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21
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Candidate Biomarkers for Specific Intraoperative Near-Infrared Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030557. [PMID: 33535618 PMCID: PMC7867119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Near-infrared imaging of tumors during surgery facilitates the oncologic surgeon to distinguish malignant from healthy tissue. The technique is based on fluorescent tracers binding to tumor biomarkers on malignant cells. Currently, there are no clinically available fluorescent tracers that specifically target soft tissue sarcomas. This review searched the literature to find candidate biomarkers for soft tissue sarcomas, based on clinically used therapeutic antibodies. The search revealed 7 biomarkers: TEM1, VEGFR-1, EGFR, VEGFR-2, IGF-1R, PDGFRα, and CD40. These biomarkers are abundantly present on soft tissue sarcoma tumor cells and are already being targeted with humanized monoclonal antibodies. The conjugation of these antibodies with a fluorescent dye will yield in specific tracers for image-guided surgery of soft tissue sarcomas to improve the success rates of tumor resections. Abstract Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The curative treatment highly depends on complete tumor resection, as positive margins are associated with local recurrence (LR) and prognosis. However, determining the tumor margin during surgery is challenging. Real-time tumor-specific imaging can facilitate complete resection by visualizing tumor tissue during surgery. Unfortunately, STS specific tracers are presently not clinically available. In this review, STS-associated cell surface-expressed biomarkers, which are currently already clinically targeted with monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes, are evaluated for their use in near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of STS. Clinically targeted biomarkers in STS were extracted from clinical trial registers and a PubMed search was performed. Data on biomarker characteristics, sample size, percentage of biomarker-positive STS samples, pattern of biomarker expression, biomarker internalization features, and previous applications of the biomarker in imaging were extracted. The biomarkers were ranked utilizing a previously described scoring system. Eleven cell surface-expressed biomarkers were identified from which 7 were selected as potential biomarkers for NIRF imaging: TEM1, VEGFR-1, EGFR, VEGFR-2, IGF-1R, PDGFRα, and CD40. Promising biomarkers in common and aggressive STS subtypes are TEM1 for myxofibrosarcoma, TEM1, and PDGFRα for undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma and EGFR for synovial sarcoma.
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22
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Pietrzyk Ł, Wdowiak P. Endosialin (TEM1) as a Diagnostic, Progression, and Prognostic Serum Marker for Patients With Colorectal Cancer-A Preliminary Study. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820903351. [PMID: 32107922 PMCID: PMC7053787 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820903351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide usually diagnosed in the advanced stage. In this study, the serum concentration of tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) was measured and correlated with clinicopathological features to evaluate whether TEM1 might serve as a biomarker for early CRC diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. The concentration of TEM1 was measured in the serum samples of 45 patients with CRC and 35 healthy individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. The mean serum concentration of TEM1 was significantly higher in the patients with CRC compared to the healthy individuals (1.31 ± 0.16 vs 0.92 ± 0.90 ng/mL; P < .001). The mean concentration of TEM1 significantly increased in the patients having CRC with early stage (stage I + II) compared to noncancer control individuals (stage I + II vs control 1.21 ± 0.13 ng/mL: 0.92 ± 0.90 ng/mL; P < .001). The TEM1 concentration in blood serum also showed a significant association with the development of T stages (P < .001), N stages (P < .001), and M stages (P = .006). The TEM1 sensitivity and specificity in CRC detection are higher than routinely used blood markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and carbohydrate antigen [Ca 19-9]). Patients with high TEM1 concentration (≥1.055 ng/mL) had a worse overall survival rate compared to the patients having CRC with low TEM1 concentration (<1.055 ng/mL). In conclusion, TEM1 can act as a potential diagnostic, progression, and prognostic serum biomarker for patients with CRC; TEM1 might be a good supplement for commonly used markers CEA and Ca 19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Department of General, Oncological and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1st Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Wdowiak
- Chair and Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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23
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Delage JA, Faivre-Chauvet A, Fierle JK, Gnesin S, Schaefer N, Coukos G, Dunn SM, Viertl D, Prior JO. 177Lu radiolabeling and preclinical theranostic study of 1C1m-Fc: an anti-TEM-1 scFv-Fc fusion protein in soft tissue sarcoma. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:98. [PMID: 32804276 PMCID: PMC7431510 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TEM-1 (tumor endothelial marker-1) is a single-pass transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein expressed at high levels by tumor vasculature and malignant cells. We aimed to perform a preclinical investigation of a novel anti-TEM-1 scFv-Fc fusion antibody, 1C1m-Fc, which was radiolabeled with 177Lu for use in soft tissue sarcomas models. METHODS 1C1m-Fc was first conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-DOTA using different excess molar ratios and labeled with 177Lu. To determine radiolabeled antibody immunoreactivity, Lindmo assays were performed. The in vivo behavior of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc was characterized in mice bearing TEM-1 positive (SK-N-AS) and negative (HT-1080) tumors by biodistribution and single-photon emission SPECT/CT imaging studies. Estimated organ absorbed doses were obtained based on biodistribution results. RESULTS The DOTA conjugation and the labeling with 177Lu were successful with a radiochemical purity of up to 95%. Immunoreactivity after radiolabeling was 86% ± 4%. Biodistribution showed a specific uptake in TEM-1 positive tumor versus liver as critical non-specific healthy organ, and this specificity is correlated to the number of chelates per antibody. A 1.9-fold higher signal at 72 h was observed in SPECT/CT imaging in TEM-1 positive tumors versus control tumors. CONCLUSION TEM-1 is a promising target that could allow a theranostic approach to soft-tissue sarcoma, and 1C1m-Fc appears to be a suitable targeting candidate. In this study, we observed the influence of the ratio DOTA/antibody on the biodistribution. The next step will be to investigate the best conjugation to achieve an optimal tumor-to-organ radioactivity ratio and to perform therapy in murine xenograft models as a prelude to future translation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Delage
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Faivre-Chauvet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J K Fierle
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S M Dunn
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Viertl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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24
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Cicone F, Denoël T, Gnesin S, Riggi N, Irving M, Jakka G, Schaefer N, Viertl D, Coukos G, Prior JO. Preclinical Evaluation and Dosimetry of [ 111In]CHX-DTPA-scFv78-Fc Targeting Endosialin/Tumor Endothelial Marker 1 (TEM1). Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:979-991. [PMID: 31993928 PMCID: PMC7343747 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endosialin/tumor endothelial marker-1 (TEM1) is an attractive theranostic target expressed by the microenvironment of a wide range of tumors, as well as by sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. We report on the radiolabeling and preclinical evaluation of the scFv78-Fc, a fully human TEM1-targeting antibody fragment cross-reactive with mouse TEM1. PROCEDURES The scFv78-Fc was conjugated with the chelator p-SCN-Bn-CHX-A"-DTPA, followed by labeling with indium-111. The number of chelators per molecule was estimated by mass spectrometry. A conventional saturation assay, extrapolated to infinite antigen concentration, was used to determine the immunoreactive fraction of the radioimmunoconjugate. The radiopharmaceutical biodistribution was assessed in immunodeficient mice grafted with Ewing's sarcoma RD-ES and neuroblastoma SK-N-AS human TEM1-positive tumors. The full biodistribution studies were preceded by a dose-escalation experiment based on the simultaneous administration of the radiopharmaceutical with increasing amounts of unlabeled scFv78-Fc. Radiation dosimetry extrapolations to human adults were obtained from mouse biodistribution data according to established methodologies and additional assumptions concerning the impact of the tumor antigenic sink in the cross-species translation. RESULTS [111In]CHX-DTPA-scFv78-Fc was obtained with a radiochemical purity > 98 % after 1 h incubation at 42 °C and ultrafiltration. It showed good stability in human serum and > 70 % immunoreactive fraction. Biodistribution data acquired in tumor-bearing mice confirmed fast blood clearance and specific tumor targeting in both xenograft models. The radiopharmaceutical off-target uptake was predominantly abdominal. After a theoretical injection of [111In]CHX-DTPA-scFv78-Fc to the reference person, the organs receiving the highest absorbed dose would be the spleen (0.876 mGy/MBq), the liver (0.570 mGy/MBq) and the kidneys (0.298 mGy/MBq). The total body dose and the effective dose would be 0.058 mGy/MBq and 0.116 mSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSIONS [111In]CHX-DTPA-scFv78-Fc binds specifically to endosialin/TEM1 in vitro and in vivo. Dosimetry estimates are in the range of other monoclonal antibodies radiolabeled with indium-111. [111In]CHX-DTPA-scFv78-Fc could be potentially translated into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Thibaut Denoël
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvano Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gopinadh Jakka
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Viertl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Yang F, Wei Y, Han D, Li Y, Shi S, Jiao D, Wu J, Zhang Q, Shi C, Yang L, Song W, Zhang J, Han Y, Zhang R, Yang AG, Dimitrov DS, Zhao A, Qin W, Wen W. Interaction with CD68 and Regulation of GAS6 Expression by Endosialin in Fibroblasts Drives Recruitment and Polarization of Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3892-3905. [PMID: 32591411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and macrophages play key roles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, cross-talk between these two kinds of cells has not been well studied. Endosialin (CD248/TEM1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in certain cancer cells, tumor stromal cells, and pericytes. In this study, we found that endosialin is mainly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in HCC and its expression inversely correlates with patient prognosis. Endosialin interacted with CD68 to recruit macrophages and regulated expression of GAS6 in CAFs to mediate M2 polarization of macrophages. The fully human antibody IgG78 bound glycosylated endosialin and induced its internalization in CAFs, thus weakening the cross-talk between CAFs and macrophages. In subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models of HCC in nude mice, treatment with IgG78 significantly inhibited tumor growth. These results indicate that endosialin-positive CAFs promote HCC progression and highlight IgG78 as a promising therapeutic candidate for HCC treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight CAF-expressed endosialin as a primary regulator of macrophage recruitment and polarization and demonstrate endosialin inhibition as a potential treatment strategy for HCC. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/18/3892/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengjia Shi
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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26
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de Gooyer JM, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH, Hillebrandt-Roeffen MHS, Frielink C, Desar IME, de Wilt JHW, Flucke U, Rijpkema M. Immunohistochemical selection of biomarkers for tumor-targeted image-guided surgery of myxofibrosarcoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2915. [PMID: 32076024 PMCID: PMC7031512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma(MFS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma(STS) in elderly patients. Surgical resection remains the main treatment modality but tumor borders can be difficult to delineate with conventional clinical methods. Incomplete resections are a common problem and local recurrence remains a clinical issue. A technique that has shown great potential in improving surgical treatment of solid tumors is tumor targeted imaging and image-guided surgery with near-infrared fluorescence. To facilitate this technique, it is essential to identify a biomarker that is highly and homogenously expressed on tumor cells, while being absent on healthy non-malignant tissue. The purpose of this study was to identify suitable molecular targets for tumor-targeted imaging of myxofibrosarcoma. Ten potential molecular targets for tumor targeted imaging were investigated with immunohistochemical analysis in myxofibrosarcoma tissue (n = 34). Results were quantified according to the immunoreactive score(IRS). Moderate expression rates were found for uPAR, PDGFRa and EMA/MUC1. High expression rates of VEGF and TEM1 were seen. Strong expression was most common for TEM1 (88.2%). These results confirms that TEM1 is a suitable target for tumor-targeted imaging of myxofibrosarcoma. Keywords Image-guided surgery; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular imaging; Myxofibrosarcoma; Soft tissue sarcoma; Tumor endothelial marker 1(TEM1), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marie de Gooyer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Surgery, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Cathelijne Frielink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M E Desar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Genetically Modified T-Cell Therapy for Osteosarcoma: Into the Roaring 2020s. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:109-131. [PMID: 32483735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy may offer an approach to improve outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma who fail current therapies. In addition, it has the potential to reduce treatment-related complications for all patients. Generating tumor-specific T cells with conventional antigen-presenting cells ex vivo is time-consuming and often results in T-cell products with a low frequency of tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, the generated T cells remain sensitive to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Genetic modification of T cells is one strategy to overcome these limitations. For example, T cells can be genetically modified to render them antigen specific, resistant to inhibitory factors, or increase their ability to home to tumor sites. Most genetic modification strategies have only been evaluated in preclinical models; however, early clinical phase trials are in progress. In this chapter, we will review the current status of gene-modified T-cell therapy with special focus on osteosarcoma, highlighting potential antigenic targets, preclinical and clinical studies, and strategies to improve current T-cell therapy approaches.
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Park GB, Jeong JY, Kim D. Modified TLR-mediated downregulation of miR-125b-5p enhances CD248 (endosialin)-induced metastasis and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 59:154-167. [PMID: 31746054 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD248, also called endosialin or tumor endothelial marker-1, is markedly upregulated in almost all cancers, including colon cancers. Changes in microRNA profiles are one of the direct causes of cancer development and progression. In this study, we investigated whether a change in CD248 expression in colon cancer cells could induce drug resistance after chemotherapy, and we explored the relationship between miR-125b-5p levels and CD248 expression in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-modified chemoresistant colon cancer cells. TLR2/6 and TLR5 upregulation in drug-resistant colon cancer cells contributed to miR-125b-5p downregulation and specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-mediated CD248 upregulation via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Exposure to specific TLR2/6 or TLR5 ligands enhanced the expression of mesenchymal markers as well as the migratory activity of oxaliplatin- or 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells. The transfection of a synthetic miR-125b-5p mimic into chemoresistant cells prevented Sp1 and CD248 activation and significantly impaired invasive activity. Furthermore, Sp1 or CD248 gene silencing as well as miR-125b-5p overexpression markedly reversed drug resistance and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in miR-125b-5p levels play an important role in Sp1-mediated CD248 expression and the development of drug resistance in TLR-mutated colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Bin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Khan KA, McMurray JL, Mohammed F, Bicknell R. C-type lectin domain group 14 proteins in vascular biology, cancer and inflammation. FEBS J 2019; 286:3299-3332. [PMID: 31287944 PMCID: PMC6852297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C‐type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family of transmembrane glycoproteins consist of thrombomodulin, CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 (endosialin or tumour endothelial marker‐1). These cell surface proteins exhibit similar ectodomain architecture and yet mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, including but not restricted to angiogenesis, inflammation and cell adhesion. Thrombomodulin, CD93 and CLEC14A can be expressed by endothelial cells, whereas CD248 is expressed by vasculature associated pericytes, activated fibroblasts and tumour cells among other cell types. In this article, we review the current literature of these family members including their expression profiles, interacting partners, as well as established and speculated functions. We focus primarily on their roles in the vasculature and inflammation as well as their contributions to tumour immunology. The CTLD group 14 family shares several characteristic features including their ability to be proteolytically cleaved and engagement of some shared extracellular matrix ligands. Each family member has strong links to tumour development and in particular CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 have been proposed as attractive candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack L McMurray
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Di Benedetto P, Ruscitti P, Liakouli V, Del Galdo F, Giacomelli R, Cipriani P. Linking myofibroblast generation and microvascular alteration: The role of CD248 from pathogenesis to therapeutic target (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1488-1498. [PMID: 31257535 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and is the pathological outcome of tissue injury in a number of disorders. Accumulation of the ECM may disrupt the structure and function of native tissues and organs, including the lungs, heart, liver and skin, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. On this basis, multiple lines of evidence have focused on the molecular pathways and cellular mechanisms involved in fibrosis, which has led to the development of novel antifibrotic therapies. CD248 is one of several proteins identified to be localized to the stromal compartment in cancers and fibroproliferative disease, and may serve a key role in myofibroblast generation and accumulation. Numerous studies have supported the contribution of CD248 to tumour growth and fibrosis, stimulating interest in this molecule as a therapeutic target. In addition, it has been revealed that CD248 may be involved in pathological angiogenesis. The present review describes the current understanding of the structure and function of CD248 during angiogenesis and fibrosis, supporting the hypothesis that blocking CD248 signalling may prevent both myofibroblast generation and microvascular alterations during tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Benedetto
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
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Casey DL, Lin TY, Cheung NKV. Exploiting Signaling Pathways and Immune Targets Beyond the Standard of Care for Ewing Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:537. [PMID: 31275859 PMCID: PMC6593481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors includes bone and soft tissue tumors that are often characterized by a specific translocation between chromosome 11 and 22, resulting in the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene. With the advent of multi-modality treatment including cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, the prognosis for patients with ES has substantially improved. However, a therapeutic plateau is now reached for both localized and metastatic disease over the last two decades. Burdened by the toxicity limits associated with the current frontline systemic therapy, there is an urgent need for novel targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current treatment paradigm of ES, and explore preclinical evidence and emerging treatments directed at tumor signaling pathways and immune targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Casey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tsung-Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Jones RL, Chawla SP, Attia S, Schöffski P, Gelderblom H, Chmielowski B, Le Cesne A, Van Tine BA, Trent JC, Patel S, Wagner AJ, Chugh R, Heyburn JW, Weil SC, Wang W, Viele K, Maki RG. A phase 1 and randomized controlled phase 2 trial of the safety and efficacy of the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel with ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) in metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas. Cancer 2019; 125:2445-2454. [PMID: 31034598 PMCID: PMC6618088 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Ontuxizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, targets endosialin (tumor endothelial marker 1 [TEM‐1] or CD248), which is expressed on sarcoma cells and is believed to be involved in tumor angiogenesis. This is the first trial to evaluate ontuxizumab in patients with sarcoma. Methods Part 1 was an open‐label, dose‐finding, safety lead‐in: 4, 6, or 8 mg/kg with gemcitabine and docetaxel (G/D; 900 mg/m2 gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 and 75 mg/m2 docetaxel on day 8). In part 2, patients were randomized in a double‐blind fashion in 2:1 ratio to ontuxizumab (8 mg/kg) or a placebo with G/D. Randomization was stratified by 4 histological cohorts. Results In part 2 with 209 patients, no significant difference in progression‐free survival between ontuxizumab plus G/D (4.3 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7‐6.3 months) and the placebo plus G/D (5.6 months; 95% CI, 2.6‐8.3 months) was observed (P = .67; hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% CI, 0.77‐1.49). Similarly, there was no significant difference in median overall survival between the 2 groups: 18.3 months for the ontuxizumab plus G/D group (95% CI, 16.2‐21.1 months) and 21.1 months for the placebo plus G/D group (95% CI, 14.2 months to not reached; P = .32; HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.82). No significant differences between the treatment groups occurred for any efficacy parameter by sarcoma cohort. The combination of ontuxizumab plus G/D was generally well tolerated. Conclusions Ontuxizumab plus G/D showed no enhanced activity over chemotherapy alone in soft‐tissue sarcomas, whereas the safety profile of the combination was consistent with G/D alone. Endosialin is involved in tumor blood vessel formation and is expressed on sarcoma tumor cells. This phase 1/2 randomized controlled trial shows that ontuxizumab, an endosialin‐directed monoclonal antibody, does not enhance efficacy in sarcomas when it is combined with chemotherapy (gemcitabine and docetaxel), although the combination is generally well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Research Center, Santa Monica, California
| | | | - Patrick Schöffski
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan C Trent
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Rashmi Chugh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert G Maki
- Monter Cancer Center/Northwell Health and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, New York
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Teicher BA. CD248: A therapeutic target in cancer and fibrotic diseases. Oncotarget 2019; 10:993-1009. [PMID: 30847027 PMCID: PMC6398180 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD248/endosialin/TEM1 is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein found on the plasma membrane of activated mesenchymal cells. CD248 functions during embryo development and is either not expressed or found at very low levels in adult tissues. CD248 is expressed at high levels by malignant sarcoma cells, by the pericyte component of tumor vasculature and by mesenchymal cells in some fibrotic diseases. CD248 is being targeted by several experimental therapeutics including antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, as an antigen for CART cells and in therapeutic vaccines. Although the function of CD248 has yet to be fully elucidated, this protein is a potential broad scope therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
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Doi T, Aramaki T, Yasui H, Muro K, Ikeda M, Okusaka T, Inaba Y, Nakai K, Ikezawa H, Nakajima R. A phase I study of ontuxizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting endosialin, in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1061-1074. [PMID: 30623276 PMCID: PMC6736902 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background We conducted a first-in-Japanese, phase I study of ontuxizumab, a humanized, anti-endosialin monoclonal antibody, to confirm its tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics, and identify exploratory efficacy. Methods This was a multicenter, multiple-dose, open-label study in Japanese patients aged ≥20 years with solid tumors, including gastric cancer (GC) or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who had failed standard chemotherapy. The study comprised two parts: part 1 (dose-escalation; ontuxizumab 2-12 mg/kg weekly) and part 2 (cohort-expansion; 4 or 8 mg/kg weekly, or 12 mg/kg biweekly). Results Fifteen patients were treated in part 1, and 31 in part 2 (16 patients with GC and 15 with HCC). In part 1, the most common treatment-related, treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was fatigue (20%); no patients had grade ≥ 3 treatment-related TEAEs. In part 2, the most common treatment-related TEAEs were constipation, malaise, hiccups, and increased bilirubin; treatment-related grade 3 TEAEs occurred in two patients with HCC. In part 1, no patients achieved a partial response, and 6/15 (40%) had stable disease (SD). In part 2, 2/15 patients (13.3%) with GC and 8/15 (53.3%) with HCC had SD. Tumor shrinkage was observed in 5/15 HCC patients (33.3%). Conclusions Ontuxizumab, up to a dosage of 12 mg/kg weekly, was generally safe and well tolerated in this population, with no dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached; 8 mg/kg weekly or 12 mg/kg biweekly were the recommended dosages. We observed long-term disease stabilization in GC and extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, and tumor shrinkage in gastrointestinal stromal tumor and HCC. Trial registration: NCT01773434 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Aramaki
- Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Yasui
- Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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Di Benedetto P, Liakouli V, Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Carubbi F, Panzera N, Di Bartolomeo S, Guggino G, Ciccia F, Triolo G, Cipriani P, Giacomelli R. Blocking CD248 molecules in perivascular stromal cells of patients with systemic sclerosis strongly inhibits their differentiation toward myofibroblasts and proliferation: a new potential target for antifibrotic therapy. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:223. [PMID: 30285896 PMCID: PMC6235209 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis may be considered the hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc), the end stage triggered by different pathological events. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) are profibrotic molecules modulating myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation, respectively. There is evidence linking CD248 with these two molecules, both highly expressed in patients with SSc, and suggesting that CD248 may be a therapeutic target for several diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression of CD248 in SSc skin and its ability to modulate SSc fibrotic process. METHODS After ethical approval was obtained, skin biopsies were collected from 20 patients with SSc and 10 healthy control subjects (HC). CD248 expression was investigated in the skin, as well as in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treated with TGF-β or PDGF-BB, by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. Finally, in SSc-MSCs, the CD248 gene was silenced by siRNA. RESULTS Increased expression of CD248 was found in endothelial cells and perivascular stromal cells of SSc skin. In SSc-MSCs, the levels of CD248 and α-smooth muscle actin expression were significantly higher than in HC-MSCs. In both SSc- and HC-MSCs, PDGF-BB induced increased expression of Ki-67 when compared with untreated cells but was unable to modulate CD248 levels. After CD248 silencing, both TGF-β and PDGF-BB signaling were inhibited in SSc-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS CD248 overexpression may play an important role in the fibrotic process by modulating the molecular target, leading to perivascular cells differentiation toward myofibroblasts and interfering with its expression, and thus might open a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit myofibroblast generation during SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Benedetto
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Noemi Panzera
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Delta 6 Building, Via dell'Ospedale, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Norris RE, Fox E, Reid JM, Ralya A, Liu XW, Minard C, Weigel BJ. Phase 1 trial of ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Phase 1 Pilot Consortium (ADVL1213). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e26944. [PMID: 29292843 PMCID: PMC5867214 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ontuxizumab is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that targets the cell-surface glycoprotein endosialin (tumor endothelial marker-1[TEM-1]/CD248) found on activated mesenchymal cells and certain tumors. Ontuxizumab binding to endosialin may interfere with platelet-derived growth factor signaling, prevent tumor stroma organization, and prevent new vessel formation. METHODS Ontuxizumab was administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day cycle at three dose levels (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg). Further dose escalation to 16 mg/kg was planned if the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached and the ontuxizumab systemic clearance was ≥30% higher in children compared to adults. Following determination of the MTD/recommended phase 2 dose, an additional cohort of six patients (<12 years) was enrolled for further pharmacokinetics (PK) evaluation. RESULTS Twenty-seven eligible patients (17 male, median age 15 years, range 3-21 years) were enrolled. Twenty-two patients (neuroblastoma [5], Ewing sarcoma [4], rhabdomyosarcoma [4], and other tumors [9]) were fully evaluable for toxicity. Five patients did not complete cycle 1 due to tumor progression. Two of 10 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity of bacteremia (n = 1) and hyponatremia (n = 1) at 12 mg/kg. Grade ≤2 fever or infusion-related reactions occurred in 10 patients. Clearance was dose dependent and within 30% of adult value at 12 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Ontuxizumab administered weekly at 12 mg/kg appears to be well tolerated in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. The PK of ontuxizumab does not appear to be significantly different in children compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Norris
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth Fox
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Xiaowei W Liu
- Children's Oncology Group Operations Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Charles Minard
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brenda J Weigel
- University of Minnesota Medical Center/Masonic Center Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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O'Shannessy DJ, Smith MF, Somers EB, Jackson SM, Albone E, Tomkowicz B, Cheng X, Park Y, Fernando D, Milinichik A, Kline B, Fulton R, Oberoi P, Nicolaides NC. Novel antibody probes for the characterization of endosialin/TEM-1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69420-69435. [PMID: 27494870 PMCID: PMC5342488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosialin (Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM-1), CD248) is primarily expressed on pericytes of tumor-associated microvasculature, tumor-associated stromal cells and directly on tumors of mesenchymal origin, including sarcoma and melanoma. While the function of endosialin/TEM-1 is incompletely understood, studies have suggested a role in supporting tumor growth and invasion thus making it an attractive therapeutic target. In an effort to further understand its role in cancer, we previously developed a humanized anti-endosialin/TEM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), called ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) for testing in preclinical and clinical studies. We herein report on the generation of an extensive panel of recombinant endosialin/TEM-1 protein extracellular domain (ECD) fragments and novel mAbs against ECD motifs. The domain-specific epitopes were mapped against ECD sub-domains to identify those that can detect distinct structural motifs and can be potentially formatted as probes suitable for diagnostic and functional studies. A number of mAbS were shown to cross-react with the murine and human protein, potentially allowing their use in human animal models and corresponding clinical trials. In addition, pairing of several mAbs supported their use in immunoassays that can detect soluble endosialin/TEM-1 (sEND) in the serum of healthy subjects and cancer patients.
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38
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D'Angelo SP, Hamid OA, Tarhini A, Schadendorf D, Chmielowski B, Collichio FA, Pavlick AC, Lewis KD, Weil SC, Heyburn J, Schweizer C, O'Shannessy DJ, Carvajal RD. A phase 2 study of ontuxizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting endosialin, in metastatic melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:103-113. [PMID: 29127533 PMCID: PMC9175266 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Ontuxizumab (MORAB-004) is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that interferes with endosialin function, which is important in tumor stromal cell function, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. This Phase 2 study evaluated the 24-week progression-free survival (PFS) value, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of 2 doses of ontuxizumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients and methods Patients with metastatic melanoma and disease progression after receiving at least 1 prior systemic treatment were randomized to receive ontuxizumab (2 or 4 mg/kg) weekly, without dose change, until disease progression. Results Seventy-six patients received at least 1 dose of ontuxizumab (40 received 2 mg/kg, 36 received 4 mg/kg). The primary endpoint, 24-week PFS value, was 11.4% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 5.3%-19.9%) for all patients (13.5% for 2 mg/kg and 8.9% for 4 mg/kg). The median PFS for all patients was 8.3 weeks (95% CI: 8.1-12.3 weeks). One patient receiving 4 mg/kg had a partial response, as measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1. Twenty-seven of 66 response evaluable patients (40.9%) had stable disease. The median overall survival was 31.0 weeks (95% CI: 28.3-44.0 weeks). The most common adverse events overall were headache (55.3%), fatigue (48.7%), chills (42.1%), and nausea (36.8%), mostly grade 1 or 2. Conclusions Ontuxizumab at both doses was well tolerated. The 24-week PFS value was 11.4% among all ontuxizumab-treated patients. The overall response rate was 3.1% at the 4 mg/kg dose, with clinical benefit achieved in 42.4% of response evaluable patients. Efficacy of single-agent ontuxizumab at these doses in melanoma was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P D'Angelo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid A Hamid
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karl D Lewis
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard D Carvajal
- Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Ft Washington Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Guo Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Peng X, Min J, Wang J, Matthaiou E, Cheng Y, Sun K, Tong X, Fan Y, Zhang PJ, Kandalaft LE, Irving M, Coukos G, Li C. Tumour endothelial marker 1/endosialin-mediated targeting of human sarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2018; 90:111-121. [PMID: 29304474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/endosialin/CD248) is a tumour-restricted cell-surface protein expressed by human sarcomas. We previously developed a high-affinity human single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-Fc fusion protein (78Fc) against TEM1 and demonstrated its specific binding to human and mouse TEM1. PATIENT AND METHODS Clinical sarcoma specimens were collected between 2000 and 2015 at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, as approved by the institutional review board and processed by standard formalin-fixed paraffin embedded techniques. We analysed TEM1 expression in 19 human sarcoma subtypes (n = 203 specimens) and eight human sarcoma-cell lines. Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of tumour-bearing mice was used to validate 78Fc binding to TEM1+ sarcoma in vivo. Finally, we tested an immunotoxin conjugate of anti-TEM1 78Fc with saporin (78Fc-Sap) for its therapeutic efficacy against human sarcoma in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TEM1 expression was identified by immunohistochemistry in 96% of human sarcomas, of which 81% expressed TEM1 both on tumour cells and the tumour vasculature. NIR imaging revealed specific in vivo targeting of labelled 78Fc to TEM1+ sarcoma xenografts. Importantly, 78Fc-Sap was effective in killing in vitro TEM1+ sarcoma cells and eliminated human sarcoma xenografts without apparent toxicity in vivo. CONCLUSION TEM1 is an important therapeutic target for human sarcoma, and the high-affinity TEM1-specific scFv fusion protein 78Fc is suitable for further clinical development for therapeutic applications in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - X Peng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Min
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Matthaiou
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Cheng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - K Sun
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital, Peking University, PR China; Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - X Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, PR China
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - P J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - L E Kandalaft
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1007-CH, Switzerland
| | - M Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1007-CH, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1007-CH, Switzerland.
| | - C Li
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
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Development of 89Zr-Ontuxizumab for in vivo TEM-1/endosialin PET applications. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13082-92. [PMID: 26909615 PMCID: PMC4914343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The complexity of sarcoma has led to the need for patient selection via in vivo biomarkers. Tumor endothelial marker-1 (TEM-1) is a cell surface marker expressed by the tumor microenvironment. Currently MORAb-004 (Ontuxizumab), an anti-TEM-1 humanized monoclonal antibody, is in sarcoma clinical trials. Development of positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo TEM-1 expression may allow for stratification of patients, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes seen with Ontuxizumab. RESULTS Characterization of cell lines revealed clear differences in TEM-1 expression. One high expressing (RD-ES) and one low expressing (LUPI) cell line were xenografted, and mice were injected with 89Zr-Ontuxizumab. PET imaging post-injection revealed that TEM-1 was highly expressed and readily detectable in vivo only in RD-ES. In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed high radiopharmaceutical uptake in tumor relative to normal organs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sarcoma cell lines were characterized for TEM-1 expression. Ontuxizumab was labeled with 89Zr and evaluated for immunoreactivity preservation. 89Zr-Ontuxizumab was injected into mice with high or null expressing TEM-1 xenografts. In vivo PET imaging experiments were performed. CONCLUSION 89Zr-Ontuxizumab can be used in vivo to determine high versus low TEM-1 expression. Reliable PET imaging of TEM-1 in sarcoma patients may allow for identification of patients that will attain the greatest benefit from anti-TEM-1 therapy.
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Grothey A, Strosberg JR, Renfro LA, Hurwitz HI, Marshall JL, Safran H, Guarino MJ, Kim GP, Hecht JR, Weil SC, Heyburn J, Wang W, Schweizer C, O'Shannessy DJ, Diaz LA. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Monotherapy Ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) Plus Best Supportive Care in Patients with Chemorefractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:316-325. [PMID: 29084918 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ontuxizumab (MORAb-004), a monoclonal antibody that interferes with endosialin (tumor endothelial marker-1) function, in patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer and to identify a responsive patient population based on biomarkers.Experimental Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive weekly intravenous ontuxizumab (8 mg/kg) or placebo plus best supportive care until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tissue and blood biomarkers were evaluated for their ability to identify a patient population that was responsive to ontuxizumab.Results: A total of 126 patients were enrolled. No significant difference between the ontuxizumab and placebo groups was evident for the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS), with a median PFS of 8.1 weeks in each group (HR, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.67; P = 0.53). There were no significant differences between groups for overall survival (OS) or overall response rate (ORR). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in the ontuxizumab group (vs. the placebo group, respectively) were fatigue (53.7% vs. 47.5%), nausea (39.0% vs. 35.0%), decreased appetite (34.1% vs. 27.5%), and constipation (28.0% vs. 32.5%). The most common grade 3/4 TEAE in the ontuxizumab group versus placebo was back pain (11.0% vs. 0%). No single biomarker clearly identified patients responsive to ontuxizumab.Conclusions: No benefit with ontuxizumab monotherapy compared with placebo for clinical response parameters of PFS, OS, or ORR was demonstrated. Ontuxizumab was well tolerated. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 316-25. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Howard Safran
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | - J R Hecht
- University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Capone E, Piccolo E, Fichera I, Ciufici P, Barcaroli D, Sala A, De Laurenzi V, Iacobelli V, Iacobelli S, Sala G. Generation of a novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate targeting endosialin: potent and durable antitumor response in sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60368-60377. [PMID: 28947977 PMCID: PMC5601145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosialin/CD248/TEM1 receptor is expressed on the cell surface of tumor-associated stroma cells as well as in sarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. This receptor is emerging as an attractive molecule in diagnostics and therapeutics because of its expression across the stroma of many human tumors, the low to absent expression in normal tissues and accessibility from the vascular circulation. In this study, we present evidence of the preclinical efficacy of a novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ENDOS/ADC). It consists of a humanized endosialin monoclonal antibody, named hMP-E-8.3, conjugated to a potent duocarmycin derivative. In endosialin expressing cancer cell lines, this ENDOS/ADC showed a powerful, specific and target-dependent killing activity. High expression levels of endosialin in cells correlated with efficient internalization and cytotoxic effects in vitro. Efficacy studies demonstrated that ENDOS/ADC treatment led to a long-lasting tumor growth inhibition of a cell line-based model of human osteosarcoma. Taken together, our results demonstrate that endosialin is an attractive target in sarcoma and suggest that ENDOS/ADC has the potential to be developed into a bio-therapeutic agent for these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Capone
- MediaPharma s.r.l., 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche; University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Imma Fichera
- MediaPharma s.r.l., 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Current address: Nouscom SRL 100 I-00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciufici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, della Salute e del Territorio, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Barcaroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, della Salute e del Territorio, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy
| | - Arturo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, della Salute e del Territorio, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche; University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Iacobelli
- MediaPharma s.r.l., 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00100 - Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Iacobelli
- MediaPharma s.r.l., 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche; University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- MediaPharma s.r.l., 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche; University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, 66100 - Chieti, Italy
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Viski C, König C, Kijewska M, Mogler C, Isacke CM, Augustin HG. Endosialin-Expressing Pericytes Promote Metastatic Dissemination. Cancer Res 2017; 76:5313-25. [PMID: 27635044 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that is critically dependent on the interaction of metastasizing tumor cells with cells in the local microenvironment. Within this tumor stroma, vessel-associated pericytes and myofibroblasts share a number of traits, including the upregulated expression of the transmembrane receptor endosialin (CD248). Comparative experiments in wild-type and endosialin-deficient mice revealed that stromal endosialin does not affect primary tumor growth but strongly promotes spontaneous metastasis. Mechanistically, endosialin-expressing pericytes in the primary tumor facilitate distant site metastasis by promoting tumor cell intravasation in a cell contact-dependent manner, resulting in elevated numbers of circulating tumor cells. Corresponding to these preclinical experiments, in independent cohorts of primary human breast cancers, upregulated endosialin expression significantly correlates with increased metastasis and poorer patient survival. Together, the data demonstrate a critical role for endosialin-expressing primary tumor pericytes in mediating metastatic dissemination and identify endosialin as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5313-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Viski
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney König
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kijewska
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clare M Isacke
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nagpal P, Akl MR, Ayoub NM, Tomiyama T, Cousins T, Tai B, Carroll N, Nyrenda T, Bhattacharyya P, Harris MB, Goy A, Pecora A, Suh KS. Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: biomarkers, drugs, and clinical trials for translational science and medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67551-67573. [PMID: 27563824 PMCID: PMC5341896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy that is typically derived from germinal-center B cells. EBV infection, mutations in NF-κB pathway genes, and genetic susceptibility are known risk factors for developing HL. CD30 and NF-κB have been identified as potential biomarkers in pediatric HL patients, and these molecules may represent therapeutic targets. Although current risk adapted and response based treatment approaches yield overall survival rates of >95%, treatment of relapse or refractory patients remains challenging. Targeted HL therapy with the antibody-drug conjugate Brentuximab vedotin (Bv) has proven to be superior to conventional salvage chemotherapy and clinical trials are being conducted to incorporate Bv into frontline therapy that substitutes Bv for alkylating agents to minimize secondary malignancies. The appearance of secondary malignancies has been a concern in pediatric HL, as these patients are at highest risk among all childhood cancer survivors. The risk of developing secondary leukemia following childhood HL treatment is 10.4 to 174.8 times greater than the risk in the general pediatric population and the prognosis is significantly poorer than the other hematological malignancies with a mortality rate of nearly 100%. Therefore, identifying clinically valuable biomarkers is of utmost importance to stratify and select patients who may or may not need intensive regimens to maintain optimal balance between maximal survival rates and averting late effects. Here we discuss epidemiology, risk factors, staging, molecular and genetic prognostic biomarkers, treatment for low and high-risk patients, and the late occurrence of secondary malignancies in pediatric HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nagpal
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mohamed R. Akl
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tatsunari Tomiyama
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Tasheka Cousins
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Betty Tai
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole Carroll
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Themba Nyrenda
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael B. Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K. Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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Endosialin expression in soft tissue sarcoma as a potential marker of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:473-9. [PMID: 27434038 PMCID: PMC4985356 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of neoplasms with differentiation towards mesenchymal tissue, many of which are aggressive and chemotherapy resistant. Histology and immunoprofiles often overlap with neoplasms of other lineages, and establishing an accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial for correct management, and therapeutic stratification. The endosialin cell surface glycoprotein is predominantly expressed by stromal fibroblasts and pericytes in epithelial neoplasms; however, tumour cell expression has been reported in small series of sarcomas. Methods: We assessed endosialin expression by immunohistochemistry in a large set of 514 human soft tissue sarcomas. Results: Tumour cell endosialin expression was seen in 89% of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (104/117), 77% adult fibrosarcomas/spindle cell sarcomas (20/26), 62% synovial sarcomas (37/60), 51% leiomyosarcomas (94/185) and 31% rhabdomyosarcomas (39/126). Conclusions: Endosialin immunohistochemistry has potential to distinguish undifferentiated and poorly differentiated sarcomas from other poorly differentiated, non-mesenchymal neoplasms. A Phase II trial randomising patients with advanced sarcomas to receive chemotherapy with/without an endosialin therapeutic antibody has recently completed enrolment. Endosialin expression could be used to select patients for such clinical trials. Based on our results, patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma may be particularly suitable for such a therapeutic approach.
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46
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Bartis D, Crowley LE, D'Souza VK, Borthwick L, Fisher AJ, Croft AP, Pongrácz JE, Thompson R, Langman G, Buckley CD, Thickett DR. Role of CD248 as a potential severity marker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:51. [PMID: 27080864 PMCID: PMC4832513 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD248 or Endosialin is a transmembrane molecule expressed in stromal cells binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. It has been previously implicated in kidney fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis as well as in tumour-stromal interactions. This study investigates the role of CD248 in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Methods CD248 quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on lung samples from 22 IPF patients and its expression was assayed in cultured pulmonary fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Effects of CD248 silencing was evaluated on fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Results IHC revealed strong CD248 expression in mesenchymal cells of normal lung structures such as pleura and adventitia but not in epithelium. Fibrotic areas showed markedly stronger staining than unaffected lung tissue. The extent of CD248 staining showed a significant negative correlation to lung function parameters FEV1, FVC, TLC, and TLCO (r2 > 0 · 35, p < 0 · 01). CD248 protein levels were significantly greater in IPF-derived lung fibroblasts vs normal lung fibroblasts (p < 0 · 01) and CD248 silencing significantly reduced the proliferation of lung fibroblasts, but did not affected myofibroblast differentiation. Conclusion We conclude that CD248 overexpression is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of IPF and it has potential as a disease severity marker. Given that CD248 ligands are collagen type I, IV and fibronectin, we hypothesise that CD248 signalling represents a novel matrix-fibroblast interaction that may be a potential therapeutic target in IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0211-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Bartis
- Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. .,Department of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjusag Utja, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Louise E Crowley
- Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay K D'Souza
- Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Borthwick
- Fibrosis research group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Fibrosis research group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit E Pongrácz
- Department of Pharmacological Biotechnology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjusag Utja, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Richard Thompson
- Department of Heart & Lung Transplantation, University Hospital Foundation NHS trust Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Langman
- Department of Pathology, Heart of England foundation NHS trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thickett
- Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The mechanisms underlying discrimination between "self" and "non-self", a central immunological principle, require careful consideration in immune oncology therapeutics where eliciting anti-cancer immunity must be weighed against the risk of autoimmunity due to the self origin of tumors. Whole cell vaccines are one promising immunotherapeutic avenue whereby a myriad of tumor antigens are introduced in an immunogenic context with the aim of eliciting tumor rejection. Despite the possibility collateral damage to healthy tissues, cancer immunotherapy can be designed such that off target autoimmunity remains limited in scope and severity or completely non-existent. Here we provide an immunological basis for reconciling the safety of cancer vaccines, focusing on tumor endothelial cell vaccines, by discussing the following topics: (a) Antigenic differences between neoplastic and healthy tissues that can be leveraged in cancer vaccine design; (b) The layers of tolerance that control T cell responses directed against antigens expressed in healthy tissues and tumors; and, (c) The hierarchy of antigenic epitope selection and display in response to whole cell vaccines, and how antigen processing and presentation can afford a degree of selectivity against tumors. We conclude with an example of early clinical data utilizing ValloVax™, an immunogenic placental endothelial cell vaccine that is being advanced to target the tumor endothelium of diverse cancers, and we report on the safety and efficacy of ValloVax™ for inducing immunity against tumor endothelial antigens.
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Endosialin and Associated Protein Expression in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Potential Target for Anti-Endosialin Therapeutic Strategies. Sarcoma 2016; 2016:5213628. [PMID: 27057137 PMCID: PMC4748105 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5213628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosialin (CD248, TEM-1) is expressed in pericytes, tumor vasculature, tumor fibroblasts, and some tumor cells, including sarcomas, with limited normal tissue expression, and appears to play a key role in tumor-stromal interactions, including angiogenesis. Monoclonal antibodies targeting endosialin have entered clinical trials, including soft tissue sarcomas. We evaluated a cohort of 94 soft tissue sarcoma samples to assess the correlation between gene expression and protein expression by immunohistochemistry for endosialin and PDGFR-β, a reported interacting protein, across available diagnoses. Correlations between the expression of endosialin and 13 other genes of interest were also examined. Within cohorts of soft tissue diagnoses assembled by tissue type (liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and other), endosialin expression was significantly correlated with a better outcome. Endosialin expression was highest in liposarcomas and lowest in leiomyosarcomas. A robust correlation between protein and gene expression data for both endosialin and PDGFR-β was observed. Endosialin expression positively correlated with PDGFR-β and heparin sulphate proteoglycan 2 and negatively correlated with carbonic anhydrase IX. Endosialin likely interacts with a network of extracellular and hypoxia activated proteins in sarcomas and other tumor types. Since expression does vary across histologic groups, endosialin may represent a selective target in soft tissue sarcomas.
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Smith SW, Croft AP, Morris HL, Naylor AJ, Huso DL, Isacke CM, Savage COS, Buckley CD. Genetic Deletion of the Stromal Cell Marker CD248 (Endosialin) Protects against the Development of Renal Fibrosis. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 131:265-77. [PMID: 26633297 PMCID: PMC4872467 DOI: 10.1159/000438754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue fibrosis and microvascular rarefaction are hallmarks of progressive renal disease. CD248 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by key effector cells within the stroma of fibrotic kidneys including pericytes, myofibroblasts and stromal fibroblasts. In human disease, increased expression of CD248 by stromal cells predicts progression to end-stage renal failure. We therefore, hypothesized that the genetic deletion of the CD248 gene would protect against fibrosis following kidney injury. Methods Using the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of renal fibrosis, we investigated the effect of genetic deletion of CD248 on post obstructive kidney fibrosis. Results CD248 null mice were protected from fibrosis and microvascular rarefaction following UUO. Although the precise mechanism is not known, this may to be due to a stabilizing effect of pericytes with less migration and differentiation of pericytes toward a myofibroblast phenotype in CD248-/- mice. CD248-/- fibroblasts also proliferated less and deposited less collagen in vitro. Conclusion These studies suggest that CD248 stromal cells have a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis and that targeting CD248 is effective at inhibiting both microvascular rarefaction and renal fibrosis through modulation of pericyte and stromal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart William Smith
- Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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50
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Wagner SC, Ichim TE, Ma H, Szymanski J, Perez JA, Lopez J, Bogin V, Patel AN, Marincola FM, Kesari S. Cancer anti-angiogenesis vaccines: Is the tumor vasculature antigenically unique? J Transl Med 2015; 13:340. [PMID: 26510973 PMCID: PMC4625691 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The tumor endothelium exists in a state of chronic activation and proliferation, fueled by the tumor milieu where angiogenic mediators are aberrantly over-expressed. Uncontrolled tumor growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance are all driven by the dysregulated and constitutive angiogenesis occurring in the vasculature. Accordingly, great efforts have been dedicated toward identifying molecular signatures of this pathological angiogenesis in order to devise selective tumor endothelium targeting therapies while minimizing potential autoimmunity against physiologically normal endothelium. Vaccination with angiogenic antigens to generate cellular and/or humoral immunity against the tumor endothelium has proven to be a promising strategy for inhibiting or normalizing tumor angiogenesis and reducing cancer growth. Here we review tumor endothelium vaccines developed to date including active immunization strategies using specific tumor endothelium-associated antigens and whole endothelial cell-based vaccines designed to elicit immune responses against diverse target antigens. Among the novel therapeutic options, we describe a placenta-derived endothelial cell vaccine, ValloVax™, a polyvalent vaccine that is antigenically similar to proliferating tumor endothelium and is supported by pre-clinical studies to be safe and efficacious against several tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Wagner
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Thomas E Ichim
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Hong Ma
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Julia Szymanski
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | | | - Javier Lopez
- Pan Am Cancer Treatment Center, Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Vladimir Bogin
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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