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Donfrancesco V, Allen BL, Appleby R, Behrendorff L, Conroy G, Crowther MS, Dickman CR, Doherty T, Fancourt BA, Gordon CE, Jackson SM, Johnson CN, Kennedy MS, Koungoulos L, Letnic M, Leung LK, Mitchell KJ, Nesbitt B, Newsome T, Pacioni C, Phillip J, Purcell BV, Ritchie EG, Smith BP, Stephens D, Tatler J, van Eeden LM, Cairns KM. Understanding conflict among experts working on controversial species: A case study on the Australian dingo. Conservat Sci and Prac 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin L. Allen
- University of Southern Queensland Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment Toowoomba Queensland Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Rob Appleby
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Linda Behrendorff
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Gabriel Conroy
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science, Technology and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Queensland Australia
| | - Mathew S. Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Tim Doherty
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Fancourt
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Christopher E. Gordon
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Stephen M. Jackson
- Collection Care and Conservation Australian Museum Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Chris N. Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Malcolm S. Kennedy
- Threatened Species Operations Department of Environment and Science Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Loukas Koungoulos
- Department of Archaeology, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mike Letnic
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Luke K.‐P. Leung
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Kieren J. Mitchell
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Bradley Nesbitt
- School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Thomas Newsome
- Global Ecology Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Carlo Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Brad V. Purcell
- Kangaroo Management Program Office of Environment and Heritage Dubbo New South Wales Australia
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Bradley P. Smith
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences CQUniversity Australia Wayville South Australia Australia
| | | | - Jack Tatler
- Narla Environmental Pty Ltd Warriewood New South Wales Australia
| | - Lily M. van Eeden
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Kylie M. Cairns
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Marsh CJ, Sica YV, Burgin CJ, Dorman WA, Anderson RC, del Toro Mijares I, Vigneron JG, Barve V, Dombrowik VL, Duong M, Guralnick R, Hart JA, Maypole JK, McCall K, Ranipeta A, Schuerkmann A, Torselli MA, Lacher T, Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Sechrest W, Wilson DE, Abba AM, Aguirre LF, Arroyo‐Cabrales J, Astúa D, Baker AM, Braulik G, Braun JK, Brito J, Busher PE, Burneo SF, Camacho MA, Cavallini P, de Almeida Chiquito E, Cook JA, Cserkész T, Csorba G, Cuéllar Soto E, da Cunha Tavares V, Davenport TRB, Deméré T, Denys C, Dickman CR, Eldridge MDB, Fernandez‐Duque E, Francis CM, Frankham G, Franklin WL, Freitas T, Friend JA, Gadsby EL, Garbino GST, Gaubert P, Giannini N, Giarla T, Gilchrist JS, Gongora J, Goodman SM, Gursky‐Doyen S, Hackländer K, Hafner MS, Hawkins M, Helgen KM, Heritage S, Hinckley A, Hintsche S, Holden M, Holekamp KE, Honeycutt RL, Huffman BA, Humle T, Hutterer R, Ibáñez Ulargui C, Jackson SM, Janecka J, Janecka M, Jenkins P, Juškaitis R, Juste J, Kays R, Kilpatrick CW, Kingston T, Koprowski JL, Kryštufek B, Lavery T, Lee TE, Leite YLR, Novaes RLM, Lim BK, Lissovsky A, López‐Antoñanzas R, López‐Baucells A, MacLeod CD, Maisels FG, Mares MA, Marsh H, Mattioli S, Meijaard E, Monadjem A, Morton FB, Musser G, Nadler T, Norris RW, Ojeda A, Ordóñez‐Garza N, Pardiñas UFJ, Patterson BD, Pavan A, Pennay M, Pereira C, Prado J, Queiroz HL, Richardson M, Riley EP, Rossiter SJ, Rubenstein DI, Ruelas D, Salazar‐Bravo J, Schai‐Braun S, Schank CJ, Schwitzer C, Sheeran LK, Shekelle M, Shenbrot G, Soisook P, Solari S, Southgate R, Superina M, Taber AB, Talebi M, Taylor P, Vu Dinh T, Ting N, Tirira DG, Tsang S, Turvey ST, Valdez R, Van Cakenberghe V, Veron G, Wallis J, Wells R, Whittaker D, Williamson EA, Wittemyer G, Woinarski J, Zinner D, Upham NS, Jetz W. Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities. J Biogeogr 2022; 49:979-992. [PMID: 35506011 PMCID: PMC9060555 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). LOCATION Global. TAXON All extant mammal species. METHODS Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error-checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). RESULTS Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life (mol.org) and accessed for individual or batch download for non-commercial use. MAIN CONCLUSION Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad-scale characterizations and model-based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species-level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Marsh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Yanina V. Sica
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Connor J. Burgin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Wendy A. Dorman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Robert C. Anderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Isabel del Toro Mijares
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jessica G. Vigneron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Vijay Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Victoria L. Dombrowik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Michelle Duong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Julie A. Hart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- New York Natural Heritage ProgramState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestryAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Krish Maypole
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kira McCall
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ajay Ranipeta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Anna Schuerkmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Michael A. Torselli
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Thomas Lacher
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Re:wildAustinTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Don E. Wilson
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Agustín M. Abba
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE‐UNLP‐CONICET)La Plata, Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Luis F. Aguirre
- Centro de Biodiversidad y GenéticaUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | | | - Diego Astúa
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Andrew M. Baker
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences ProgramQueensland MuseumBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gill Braulik
- School of BiologyUniversity of St. AndrewsSt. Andrews, FifeUK
| | | | - Jorge Brito
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO)QuitoEcuador
| | - Peter E. Busher
- College of General StudiesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Santiago F. Burneo
- Sección Mastozoología, Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - M. Alejandra Camacho
- Sección Mastozoología, Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | | | | | - Joseph A. Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Tamás Cserkész
- Department of ZoologyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Csorba
- Department of ZoologyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | | | - Valeria da Cunha Tavares
- Vale Technological InstituteBelémParáBrazil
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN/DSEUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão PessoaPBBrazil
| | - Tim R. B. Davenport
- Species Conservation & Science (Africa)Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)ArushaTanzania
| | | | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (CNRS)ParisFrance
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark D. B. Eldridge
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Eduardo Fernandez‐Duque
- Department of Anthropology and School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Charles M. Francis
- Canadian Wildlife ServiceEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Greta Frankham
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - William L. Franklin
- Deparment of Natural Resource Ecology and EnvironmentIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Thales Freitas
- Departamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - J. Anthony Friend
- Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsAlbanyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | - Philippe Gaubert
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité BiologiqueUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Norberto Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora LilloCONICET ‐ Fundación Miguel LilloSan Miguel de Tucumán, TucumánArgentina
| | - Thomas Giarla
- Department of BiologySiena CollegeLoudonvilleNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jaime Gongora
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Klaus Hackländer
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesWienAustria
| | - Mark S. Hafner
- Museum of Natural ScienceLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Melissa Hawkins
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Kristofer M. Helgen
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven Heritage
- Duke Lemur Center, Museum of Natural HistoryDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Mary Holden
- Department of MammalogyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kay E. Holekamp
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and EcologySchool of Anthropology and Conservation, University of KentCanterburyUK
| | | | | | | | - Jan Janecka
- Department of Biological SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mary Janecka
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Paula Jenkins
- Mammal Group, Vertebrates DivisionDepartment of Life Sciences, The Natural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | | | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Tyrone Lavery
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Thomas E. Lee
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | - Yuri L. R. Leite
- Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitóriaEspiríto SantoBrazil
| | | | - Burton K. Lim
- Department of Natural HistoryRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Raquel López‐Antoñanzas
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISE‐M, UMR 5554, UM/CNRS/IRD/EPHE)MontpellierFrance
| | | | | | - Fiona G. Maisels
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyGlobal Conservation ProgramNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | | | - Helene Marsh
- Division of Tropical Environments and SocietiesCentre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stefano Mattioli
- Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology, Ethology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo FuturesBandar Seri BegawanBABrunei Darussalam
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniEswatini
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, Mammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | | | - Grace Musser
- Jackson School of GeosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Tilo Nadler
- Cuc Phuong CommuneNho Quan DistrictNinh BInh, ProvinceVietnam
| | - Ryan W. Norris
- Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityLimaOhioUSA
| | - Agustina Ojeda
- Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA)‐CCT Mendoza‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | | | | | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ana Pavan
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Michael Pennay
- NSW National Parks and Wildlife ServiceQueanbeyanNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | | | - Helder L. Queiroz
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá – IDSMTeféAmazonasBrazil
| | | | - Erin P. Riley
- Department of AnthropologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen J. Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel I. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dennisse Ruelas
- Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, LimaLimaPeru
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISEM, UMR 5554 CNRS‐IRD‐UM)Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | | | - Stéphanie Schai‐Braun
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cody J. Schank
- Re:wildAustinTexasUSA
- Department of Geography and the EnvironmentThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | | | - Lori K. Sheeran
- Department of Anthropology and Museum StudiesCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
| | - Myron Shekelle
- Department of AnthropologyWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWAUSA
| | - Georgy Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert EcologyJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben‐GurionIsrael
| | - Pipat Soisook
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History MuseumPrince of Songkhla UniversityHatyai, SongkhlaThailand
| | - Sergio Solari
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | | | - Mariella Superina
- IMBECU, CCT CONICET Mendoza – UNCuyoParque Gral. San MartínMendozaArgentina
| | - Andrew B. Taber
- Forestry DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Maurício Talebi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da NaturezaDeptartamento de Ciências AmbientaisUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) ‐ Campus Diadema, DiademaSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Thong Vu Dinh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological ResourcesVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Nelson Ting
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | | | - Susan Tsang
- Department of MammalogyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Raul Valdez
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation EcologyNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA
| | - Victor Van Cakenberghe
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Biology DepartmentUniversity of Antwerp, Campus Drie EikenAntwerpen (Wilrijk)Belgium
| | - Geraldine Veron
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRSSorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des AntillesParisFrance
| | | | - Rod Wells
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Danielle Whittaker
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in ActionMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - John Woinarski
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- German Primate Center (DPZ)Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
| | - Nathan S. Upham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Comte S, Thomas E, Bengsen AJ, Bennett A, Davis NE, Freney S, Jackson SM, White M, Forsyth DM, Brown D. Seasonal and daily activity of non-native sambar deer in and around high-elevation peatlands, south-eastern Australia. Wildl Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/wr21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jackson SM, Jansen JJFJ, Baglione G, Callou C. Mammals collected and illustrated by the Baudin Expedition to Australia and Timor (1800-1804): A review of the current taxonomy of specimens in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris and the illustrations in the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle du Havre. ZOOSYSTEMA 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Jackson
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, 1447 Forest Road, Orange, New South Wales 2800 (Australia) and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales,
| | - Justin J. F. J. Jansen
- Honorary Research Associate, Department of Vertebrates, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden (The Netherlands)
| | - Gabrielle Baglione
- Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Ville du Havre, Place du Vieux Marché, F-76600 Le Havre (France)
| | - Cécile Callou
- Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Case postale 55, 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
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Li Q, Cheng F, Jackson SM, Helgen KM, Song WY, Liu SY, Sanamxay D, Li S, Li F, Xiong Y, Sun J, Wang HJ, Jiang XL. Phylogenetic and morphological significance of an overlooked flying squirrel (Pteromyini, Rodentia) from the eastern Himalayas with the description of a new genus. Zool Res 2021; 42:389-400. [PMID: 34047079 PMCID: PMC8317177 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The flying squirrels (Pteromyini, Rodentia) are the most diverse and widely distributed group of gliding mammals. Taxonomic boundaries and relationships within flying squirrels remain an area of active research in mammalogy. The discovery of new specimens of Pteromys (Hylopetes) leonardi Thomas, 1921, previously considered a synonym of Hylopetes alboniger, in Yunnan Province, China allowed a morphological and genetic reassessment of the status of this taxon. Phylogenetic reconstruction was implemented using sequences of two mitochondrial (12S ribosomal RNA and 16S ribosomal RNA) and one nuclear (interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein) gene fragments. Morphological assessments involved examinations of features preserved on skins, skulls, and penises of museum specimens, supplemented with principal component analysis of craniometric data. Together these assessments revealed that this taxon should be recognized not only as a distinct species, but should also be placed within a new genus, described here as Priapomysgen. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Group of Evolutionary Biology & Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry & Biology, University Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg 14476, Germany
| | - Stephen M Jackson
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA.,Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- Vector Laboratory, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Shao-Ying Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
| | - Daosavanh Sanamxay
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, National University of Laos, Xaythany, Vientiane 7322, Lao
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Fei Li
- Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Gongshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Gongshan, Yunnan 673500, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Gongshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Gongshan, Yunnan 673500, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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Jackson SM, Li Q, Wan T, Li XY, Yu FH, Gao G, He LK, Helgen KM, Jiang XL. Across the great divide: revision of the genus Eupetaurus (Sciuridae: Pteromyini), the woolly flying squirrels of the Himalayan region, with the description of two new species. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The woolly flying squirrel, Eupetaurus cinereus, is among the rarest and least studied mammals in the world. For much of the 20th century it was thought to be extinct, until it was rediscovered in 1994 in northern Pakistan. This study outlines the first taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Eupetaurus, which until now has contained only a single species. Careful review of museum specimens and published records of Eupetaurus demonstrates that the genus occurs in three widely disjunct areas situated on the western (northern Pakistan and north-western India), north-central (south-central Tibet, northern Sikkim and western Bhutan) and south-eastern margins (north-western Yunnan, China) of the Himalayas. Taxonomic differentiation between these apparently allopatric populations of Eupetaurus was assessed with an integrative approach involving both morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic reconstruction was implemented using sequences of three mitochondrial [cytochrome b (Cytb), mitochondrially encoded 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (12S, 16S)] and one nuclear [interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)] gene fragment. Morphological assessments involved qualitative examinations of features preserved on museum skins and skulls, supplemented with principal components analysis of craniometric data. Based on genetic and morphological comparisons, we suggest that the three widely disjunct populations of Eupetaurus are each sufficiently differentiated genetically and morphologically to be recognized as distinct species, two of which are described here as new.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, 1447 Forest Road,Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Tao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xue-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fa-Hong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ge Gao
- Baoshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Li-Kun He
- Gongshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Gongshan, Yunnan 673500, China
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Taggart PL, Schultz D, Taggart DA, Boardman WSJ, Jackson SM, Burbridge K. Jugular vein venepuncture and anatomy in Australian Rattus. Aust Mammalogy 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/am21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vernes K, Jackson SM, Elliott TF, Elliott K, Carr SG. A search for the desert rat-kangaroo or ngudlukanta (Caloprymnus campestris) in north-eastern South Australia. Aust Mammalogy 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/am21022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vernes K, Elliott TF, Jackson SM. 150 years of mammal extinction and invasion at Koonchera Dune in the Lake Eyre Basin of South Australia. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jackson SM, Parsons M, Baseler M, Stanton D. Landscape management of the mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) across its distribution: subpopulations and corridor priorities. Aust Mammalogy 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/am19010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Key threatening processes to biodiversity include habitat loss and fragmentation, with populations restricted to small fragments of habitat being more prone to extinction. The mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) is endemic to sclerophyll woodland forests between Tully and Ingham in north Queensland and is one of Australia’s most endangered arboreal mammals due to these processes. The aim of this study was to identify the degree of habitat fragmentation of the remaining remnant vegetation of the mahogany glider, identify subpopulations within its distribution and identify key wildlife corridors for restoration to facilitate the movement of this species within and between subpopulations. Ten glider subpopulations, spread over 998 habitat fragments, were identified, of which only five subpopulations may currently be considered to be viable. To assist in providing habitat connectivity between and within the subpopulations, 55 corridors were identified for restoration that had an average length of 8.25 km. The average number of gaps greater than 30 m was 3.4 per corridor, with the average length of these gaps being 523 m. This study confirmed a high degree of habitat fragmentation across the distribution of the mahogany glider and highlighted the need to strengthen the remaining subpopulations by restoring habitat connectivity between the remaining habitat fragments.
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Li Q, Li XY, Jackson SM, Li F, Jiang M, Zhao W, Song WY, Jiang XL. Discovery and description of a mysterious Asian flying squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae, Biswamoyopterus) from Mount Gaoligong, southwest China. Zookeys 2019; 864:147-160. [PMID: 31367180 PMCID: PMC6658571 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.864.33678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The flying squirrels of the tribe Pteromyini (Family Sciuridae) currently include 15 genera of which the genus Biswamoyopterus comprises two recognized species, B.biswasi Saha, 1981 and B.laoensis Sanamxay et al., 2013. These two species were each described from only one specimen that are separated from each other by 1,250 kilometres in southern Asia, where they occur in northeast India and central Lao PDR respectively. In 2017 and 2018, two specimens of Biswamoyopterus were discovered from Mount Gaoligong, west Yunnan province, southwest China (between the type locality of the two recognized species). This study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these two newly acquired specimens of Biswamoyopterus by comparing their morphology with the two described species of the genus. The results of this study showed that the specimens from Yunnan province (China) differed from both B.laoensis and B.biswasi in both pelage colour and craniology, and should be recognised as a distinct species, B.gaoligongensissp. nov., which is formally described here. This study contributes to the understanding of the flying squirrels of southern Asia and identifies an additional species that appears to be endemic to southwest China; however, more research is required to provide details of its ecology, distribution, and conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Xue-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Stephen M Jackson
- Biosecurity NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia Biosecurity NSW Orange Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia University of New South Wales Sydney Australia.,Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States of America National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington United States of America.,Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St. Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia Australian Museum Research Institute Sydney Australia
| | - Fei Li
- Kadoorie Conservation China, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China Kadoorie Conservation China, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Hong Kong China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Baoshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Baoshan, Yunnan, China Baoshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Baoshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Baoshan, Yunnan, China Baoshan Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan China
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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Jackson SM, Veereshlingham H, Varma K. Abstract 5201: Using Taqman assays to verify eQTL links arising from GWAS studies. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to link genetic variation with phenotypes and pathologies. In spite of these success, it has been estimated that as many as 90% of SNPs identified in GWAS studies map to non-coding regions, complicating the mechanistic interpretation of the results. It is thought that these non-coding SNPs fall into regulatory regions and influence the expression of a gene or genes. The study of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) provides a method for understanding the link between genetic variants and altered gene expression, and could potentially provide new insights connecting GWAS results to molecular mechanisms. To illustrate how eQTLs can be found and verified, we generated transcriptomic information from various tumor samples using Applied Biosystems’ Clariom D microarrays. We also generated SNP genotyping data from the same samples using Applied Biosystems’ Axiom UK Biobank microarrays. To find putative eQTLs, we compared the SNPs genotypes and the gene expression levels in these samples to the GTEx database. Potential eQTLs in this set of samples were verified using Applied Biosystems’ Taqman SNP Genotyping and Taqman Gene Expression assays. We therefore illustrate a workflow where candidate eQTLs can be confirmed and screened in larger cohorts using the more economical qPCR reagents available from Applied Biosystems.
Citation Format: Stephen M. Jackson, Harita Veereshlingham, Kamini Varma. Using Taqman assays to verify eQTL links arising from GWAS studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5201.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamini Varma
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA
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Booth R, Lack TJ, Jackson SM. Growth and development of the Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis). Zoo Biol 2019; 38:266-271. [PMID: 30835876 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development of the endangered Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis) was monitored in a captive population at Burleigh Heads, Queensland, Australia. Video surveillance confirmed that the gestation period for this species was 16 days. Morphometric data and developmental milestones were recorded from 10 Mahogany Gliders from birth to weaning. Growth curves were developed for head length, ulna length, tail length, and body weight. Weekly inspections of female pouches revealed the young's eyelid margins were visible by Day 21, the first hair erupted on the bridge of the nose at Day 30, pigmentation of the body developed at Day 63, and they started detaching from the teat intermittently, and the body was covered in short fur by Day 70. The young were left in the nest alone from Days 84 to 87, their eyes opened between Days 84 and 94, and there was a rapid increase in length and density of fur from Day 98 onwards. At Days 101 to 105 of age the young left the nest box with its mother as back young. Weaning occurred from 184 to 187 days. Typically, the reproductive rate was two young per annum per pair, but one pair produced five young in 19 months. Females produced young from 12 months to 7 years of age, males up to 9.4 years of age. The average longevity of Mahogany Gliders in the studbook in 2018 was 11.6 years. This study provides data on the reproductive biology of the Mahogany Glider that will assist in its captive breeding, management, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Booth
- Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Australia Zoo, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia
| | - Traza-Jade Lack
- David Fleay Wildlife Park, West Burleigh, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jackson
- Biosecurity & Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia.,Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jackson SM, Fleming PJS, Eldridge MDB, Ingleby S, Flannery T, Johnson RN, Cooper SJB, Mitchell KJ, Souilmi Y, Cooper A, Wilson DE, Helgen KM. The Dogma of Dingoes-Taxonomic status of the dingo: A reply to Smith et al. Zootaxa 2019; 4564:zootaxa.4564.1.7. [PMID: 31716520 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Adopting the name Canis dingo for the Dingo to explicitly denote a species-level taxon separate from other canids was suggested by Crowther et al. (2014) as a means to eliminate taxonomic instability and contention. However, Jackson et al. (2017), using standard taxonomic and nomenclatural approaches and principles, called instead for continued use of the nomen C. familiaris for all domestic dogs and their derivatives, including the Dingo. (This name, C. familiaris, is applied to all dogs that derive from the domesticated version of the Gray Wolf, Canis lupus, based on nomenclatural convention.) The primary reasons for this call by Jackson et al. (2017) were: (1) a lack of evidence to show that recognizing multiple species amongst the dog, including the Dingo and New Guinea Singing Dog, was necessary taxonomically, and (2) the principle of nomenclatural priority (the name familiaris Linnaeus, 1758, antedates dingo Meyer, 1793). Overwhelming current evidence from archaeology and genomics indicates that the Dingo is of recent origin in Australia and shares immediate ancestry with other domestic dogs as evidenced by patterns of genetic and morphological variation. Accordingly, for Smith et al. (2019) to recognise Canis dingo as a distinct species, the onus was on them to overturn current interpretations of available archaeological, genomic, and morphological datasets and instead show that Dingoes have a deeply divergent evolutionary history that distinguishes them from other named forms of Canis (including C. lupus and its domesticated version, C. familiaris). A recent paper by Koepfli et al. (2015) demonstrates exactly how this can be done in a compelling way within the genus Canis-by demonstrating deep evolutionary divergence between taxa, on the order of hundreds of thousands of years, using data from multiple genetic systems. Smith et al. (2019) have not done this; instead they have misrepresented the content and conclusions of Jackson et al. (2017), and contributed extraneous arguments that are not relevant to taxonomic decisions. Here we dissect Smith et al. (2019), identifying misrepresentations, to show that ecological, behavioural and morphological evidence is insufficient to recognise Dingoes as a separate species from other domestic dogs. We reiterate: the correct binomial name for the taxon derived from Gray Wolves (C. lupus) by passive and active domestication, including Dingoes and other domestic dogs, is Canis familiaris. We are strongly sympathetic to arguments about the historical, ecological, cultural, or other significance of the Dingo, but these are issues that will have to be considered outside of the more narrow scope of taxonomy and nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Biosecurity NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States of America. E-mail: (Don E. Wilson) Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St. Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia..
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O'Shannessy DJ, Smith MF, Somers EB, Jackson SM, Albone E, Tomkowicz B, Cheng X, Park Y, Fernando D, Milinichik A, Kline B, Fulton R, Oberoi P, Nicolaides NC. Novel antibody probes for the characterization of endosialin/TEM-1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69420-69435. [PMID: 27494870 PMCID: PMC5342488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosialin (Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM-1), CD248) is primarily expressed on pericytes of tumor-associated microvasculature, tumor-associated stromal cells and directly on tumors of mesenchymal origin, including sarcoma and melanoma. While the function of endosialin/TEM-1 is incompletely understood, studies have suggested a role in supporting tumor growth and invasion thus making it an attractive therapeutic target. In an effort to further understand its role in cancer, we previously developed a humanized anti-endosialin/TEM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), called ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) for testing in preclinical and clinical studies. We herein report on the generation of an extensive panel of recombinant endosialin/TEM-1 protein extracellular domain (ECD) fragments and novel mAbs against ECD motifs. The domain-specific epitopes were mapped against ECD sub-domains to identify those that can detect distinct structural motifs and can be potentially formatted as probes suitable for diagnostic and functional studies. A number of mAbS were shown to cross-react with the murine and human protein, potentially allowing their use in human animal models and corresponding clinical trials. In addition, pairing of several mAbs supported their use in immunoassays that can detect soluble endosialin/TEM-1 (sEND) in the serum of healthy subjects and cancer patients.
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O’Shannessy DJ, Jackson SM, Twine NC, Hoffman BE, Dezso Z, Agoulnik SI, Somers EB. Gene expression analyses support fallopian tube epithelium as the cell of origin of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13687-703. [PMID: 23880844 PMCID: PMC3742211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor alpha (FOLR1/FRA) is reported to be overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), especially the serous histotype. Further, while dysregulation of the folate-dependent 1-carbon cycle has been implicated in tumorogenesis, little is known relative to the potential mechanism of action of FOLR1 expression in these processes. We therefore investigated the expression of FOLR1, other folate receptors, and genes within the 1-carbon cycle in samples of EOC, normal ovary and fallopian tube on a custom TaqMan Low Density Array. Also included on this array were known markers of EOC such as MSLN, MUC16 and HE4. While few differences were observed in the expression profiles of genes in the 1-carbon cycle, genes previously considered to be overexpressed in EOC (e.g., FOLR1, MSLN, MUC16 and HE4) showed significantly increased expression when comparing EOC to normal ovary. However, when the comparator was changed to normal fallopian tube, these differences were abolished, supporting the hypothesis that EOC derives from fallopian fimbriae and, further, that markers previously considered to be upregulated or overexpressed in EOC are most likely not of ovarian origin, but fallopian in derivation. Our findings therefore support the hypothesis that the cell of origin of EOC is tubal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. O’Shannessy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Diagnostics, Morphotek, Inc., 210 Welsh Pool Rd., Exton, PA 19341, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.J.); (B.E.H.); (E.B.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-610-423-6554; Fax: +1-610-423-6199
| | - Stephen M. Jackson
- Department of Translational Medicine and Diagnostics, Morphotek, Inc., 210 Welsh Pool Rd., Exton, PA 19341, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.J.); (B.E.H.); (E.B.S.)
| | - Natalie C. Twine
- Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine Core Functional Unit, Eisai Inc., Four Corporate Drive, Andover, MA 01810,USA; E-Mails: (N.C.T.); (Z.D.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Bryan E. Hoffman
- Department of Translational Medicine and Diagnostics, Morphotek, Inc., 210 Welsh Pool Rd., Exton, PA 19341, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.J.); (B.E.H.); (E.B.S.)
| | - Zoltan Dezso
- Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine Core Functional Unit, Eisai Inc., Four Corporate Drive, Andover, MA 01810,USA; E-Mails: (N.C.T.); (Z.D.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Sergei I. Agoulnik
- Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine Core Functional Unit, Eisai Inc., Four Corporate Drive, Andover, MA 01810,USA; E-Mails: (N.C.T.); (Z.D.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Somers
- Department of Translational Medicine and Diagnostics, Morphotek, Inc., 210 Welsh Pool Rd., Exton, PA 19341, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.J.); (B.E.H.); (E.B.S.)
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Jackson SM, Morgan G, Kemp JE, Maughan M, Stafford CM. An accurate assessment of habitat loss and current threats to the mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis). Aust Mammalogy 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/am10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the establishment of legislation to protect the remaining habitat of the endangered mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) there is an urgent need to understand where habitat remains and how it should be managed. Regional ecosystem mapping was used to identify the true extent of habitat loss from clearing and the extent of habitat degradation due to the transition to rainforest (where rainforest develops within in a sclerophyll community) and sclerophyll thickening (where saplings of local sclerophyllous species form a thick secondary tree layer). The total area of habitat available to mahogany gliders decreased by 49%, from 276 880 to 141 122 ha, as a result of clearing of vegetation for agriculture and other human activities. Of the habitat remaining, 51 870 ha was the most structurally complex and floristically diverse habitat type ‘Mixed Open Forest’, 55 760 ha was the more open and less diverse ‘Mixed Woodland’, 29 988 ha consisted of mainly single-canopy-species vegetation ‘Monotypic Stands’ and 3504 ha was classed as having only Emergent trees (trees emergent from a rainforest canopy) suitable for the mahogany glider. The loss of habitat occurred mostly on freehold land where it has decreased from 129 435 ha to 26 852 ha. Within the remaining Mixed Open Forest habitat, 45% is considered to have decreasing habitat suitability for the mahogany glider as a result of sclerophyll thickening or transition to rainforest, as is 26% of Mixed Woodland habitat, 33% of Monotypic Stands habitat and 8% of Emergent habitat. The impact of a large reduction in habitat area and decreasing habitat suitability has been compounded by habitat fragmentation. The remaining habitat must be actively managed to ensure its usefulness to the mahogany glider by implementing an appropriate fire regime and ensuring that habitat connectivity is maintained or increased.
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Chakrabarti L, Zahra R, Jackson SM, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Sopher BL, Mason AG, Toneff T, Ryu S, Shaffer S, Kansy JW, Eng J, Merrihew G, MacCoss MJ, Murphy A, Goodlett DR, Hook V, Bennett CL, Pallanck LJ, La Spada AR. Mitochondrial dysfunction in NnaD mutant flies and Purkinje cell degeneration mice reveals a role for Nna proteins in neuronal bioenergetics. Neuron 2010; 66:835-47. [PMID: 20620870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse is a recessive model of neurodegeneration, involving cerebellum and retina. Purkinje cell death in pcd is dramatic, as >99% of Purkinje neurons are lost in 3 weeks. Loss of function of Nna1 causes pcd, and Nna1 is a highly conserved zinc carboxypeptidase. To determine the basis of pcd, we implemented a two-pronged approach, combining characterization of loss-of-function phenotypes of the Drosophila Nna1 ortholog (NnaD) with proteomics analysis of pcd mice. Reduced NnaD function yielded larval lethality, with survivors displaying phenotypes that mirror disease in pcd. Quantitative proteomics revealed expression alterations for glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes. Nna proteins localize to mitochondria, loss of NnaD/Nna1 produces mitochondrial abnormalities, and pcd mice display altered proteolytic processing of Nna1 interacting proteins. Our studies indicate that Nna1 loss of function results in altered bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG72UH, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Abstract
We previously showed that IgH sequence alone minimally influenced germinal centre (GC) B-cell survival fate. As end-stage effector B cells are typically more mutated than founder GC B cells, we worked to develop an assay that would enrich for populations of GC B cells with progressively increasing numbers of somatic mutations, which could potentially be used as an indicator of positive selection. We targeted CD45 as it has been shown to influence activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression. In this study, anti-CD77 and anti-CD45RO (RO) were used to subdivide CD19(+)IgD(-)CD38(+)CD77(+) centroblasts (CB) and CD19(+)IgD(-)CD38(+)CD77(-) centrocytes (CC) into three contiguous RO fractions (RO(-), RO(+/-) and RO(+)) and assessed whether mutation frequency and characteristics associated with selection varied with respect to increasing RO expression. Here, we show that the average number of mutations per IgV(H)4 transcript increased concordantly with RO for CC, but not for CB. CC also exhibited an RO-associated increase in replacement mutations. Comparative analysis of clonally related sequences revealed that increased mutations were not due to the exclusive persistence of surface RO on highly mutated cells. RO-expressing CC and CB pools showed increased signs of activation (CD69(+)) and were enriched for surface Ig(+) cells. BCR-crosslinking induced a significant increase in surface RO on total tonsillar and GC B cells, which collectively suggests that the RO-associated increase in mutations is attributable, at least in part, to the cycling of cells that may have recently undergone BCR-mediated selection, or are potentially in developmental transition between CC and CB stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- Molecular Immunogenetics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Abstract
To date, there is no consensus regarding the influence of different CD45 isoforms during peripheral B-cell development. Examining correlations between surface CD45RO expression and various physiologic processes ongoing during the germinal center (GC) reaction, we hypothesized that GC B cells, like T cells, that up-regulate surface RO should progressively acquire phenotypes commonly associated with activated, differentiating lymphocytes. GC B cells (IgD(-)CD38(+)) were subdivided into 3 surface CD45RO fractions: RO(-), RO(+/-), and RO(+). We show here that the average number of mutations per IgV(H) transcript increased in direct correlation with surface RO levels. Conjunctional use of RO and CD69 further delineated low/moderately and highly mutated fractions. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mRNA was slightly reduced among RO(+) GC B cells, suggesting that higher mutation averages are unlikely due to elevated somatic mutation activity. Instead, RO(+) GC B cells were negative for Annexin V, comprised mostly (93%) of CD77(-) centrocytes, and were enriched for CD69(+) cells. Collectively, RO(+) GC B cells occupy what seems to be a specialized niche comprised mostly of centrocytes that may be in transition between activation states. These findings are among the first to sort GC B cells into populations enriched for live mutated cells solely using a single extracellular marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Molecular Immunogenetics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Abstract
Cattle are able to produce a full range of Ig classes including the long-elusive IgD through rearrangement of their germline genes. Several IgL groupings have been reported but as in several other livestock species (e.g. sheep, rabbits, chickens), rearrangement per se fails to generate significant IgH diversity. This is largely because of the modest number of bovine VH segments that participate in rearrangement and their conserved sequences. Perhaps in compensation, bovine Ig heavy chains carry CDR3 sequences of exceptional length. Processes that operate post-rearrangement to generate diversity remain ill defined as are the location, timing and triggers to these events. Reagents are needed to understand better the maturation of B lymphocytes, their responses to antigens and cytokines, and to provide standards for the quantitation of Ig responses in cattle; recombinant methods may help meet this need as Ab engineering technologies become more widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhao
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jackson SM, Whitworth AJ, Greene JC, Libby RT, Baccam SL, Pallanck LJ, La Spada AR. A SCA7 CAG/CTG repeat expansion is stable in Drosophila melanogaster despite modulation of genomic context and gene dosage. Gene 2005; 347:35-41. [PMID: 15715978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 11/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CAG and CTG repeat expansions are the cause of at least a dozen inherited neurological disorders. In these so-called "dynamic mutation" diseases, the expanded repeats display dramatic genetic instability, changing in size when transmitted through the germline and within somatic tissues. As the molecular basis of the repeat instability process remains poorly understood, modeling of repeat instability in model organisms has provided some insights into potentially involved factors, implicating especially replication and repair pathways. Studies in mice have also shown that the genomic context of the repeat sequence is required for CAG/CTG repeat instability in the case of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7), one of the most unstable of all CAG/CTG repeat disease loci. While most studies of repeat instability have taken a candidate gene approach, unbiased screens for factors involved in trinucleotide repeat instability have been lacking. We therefore attempted to use Drosophila melanogaster to model expanded CAG repeat instability by creating transgenic flies carrying trinucleotide repeat expansions, deriving flies with SCA7 CAG90 repeats in cDNA and genomic context. We found that SCA7 CAG90 repeats are stable in Drosophila, regardless of context. To screen for genes whose reduced function might destabilize expanded CAG repeat tracts in Drosophila, we crossed the SCA7 CAG90 repeat flies with various deficiency stocks, including lines lacking genes encoding the orthologues of flap endonuclease-1, PCNA, and MutS. In all cases, perfect repeat stability was preserved, suggesting that Drosophila may not be a suitable system for determining the molecular basis of SCA7 CAG repeat instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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26
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Abstract
Germinal center (GC) B cell survival fate is governed in part by the outcome of successful/failed BCR-mediated interactions with accessory cells. However, the extent to which the BCR primary sequence influences such interactions is not fully understood. Over 1000 IgV(H)4 family cDNAs were sequenced from living (annexin V(-)) and apoptotic (annexin V(+) or from within tingible body macrophages) GC B cell fractions from seven tonsils. Results surprisingly demonstrate that living and dying GC B cells do not significantly differ in IgV(H), D, or J(H) gene segment use; HCDR3 length or positive charge; or mutation frequency. Additionally, equivalent IgH cDNA sequences were identified in both fractions, suggesting that BCR sequence alone is an unreliable predictor of GC B cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Molecular Immunogenetics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Jackson SM, Grant TR, Temple-Smith PD, Bennett G. Monsieur Jules Verreaux and the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: comments on a naturaliste voyageur. Aust Mammalogy 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/am05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During his 15 month sojourn in Tasmania, Monsieur Jules Verreaux devoted most of his efforts
to studying the platypus, including making observations in the field. While some of his
observations were accurate and original, others were at odds with those of later naturalists and
current scientific findings. Like most other 19th century expatriate naturalists from the Northern
Hemisphere, Verreaux failed to determine that the species laid eggs but he described some
intriguing attributes which remain controversial and/or unsubstantiated by the work of more
recent naturalists and scientists. Perhaps the most controversial was that the newly emerged
young prod the mammary areas of the female and take the exuded milk from the surface of the
water. An annotated summary of Verreaux's findings is presented, along with the full text of his
work in French and a translation of this text into modern English.
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Zheng NY, Wilson K, Wang X, Boston A, Kolar G, Jackson SM, Liu YJ, Pascual V, Capra JD, Wilson PC. Human immunoglobulin selection associated with class switch and possible tolerogenic origins for C delta class-switched B cells. J Clin Invest 2004; 113:1188-201. [PMID: 15085198 PMCID: PMC385404 DOI: 10.1172/jci20255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current paradigms of peripheral B cell selection suggest that autoreactive B cells are controlled by clonal deletion, anergy, and developmental arrest. We report that changes to the human antibody repertoire likely resulting from these mechanisms both for a well-characterized autoreactivity from antibodies encoded by the V(H)4-34 gene and for other hallmarks of an autoreactive repertoire are apparent mainly for class-switched B cells and not for IgM germinal center, IgM memory, or IgM plasma cells. Other possible indicators of autoreactivity found selected with immunoglobulin class include J(H)6 gene segment usage, increased frequency of B cells with long third hypervariable regions, and distal J(kappa) gene segment bias. Of particular interest is the finding that B cells with these same characteristics are selected into the lineage of B cells that have undergone the unusual class switch from constant region C mu to C delta (C delta-CS). The C delta-CS population also displays an increased frequency of charged amino acids localized to the complementarity-determining regions, further suggesting autoreactivity, and evidence is presented that these B cells had undergone extensive receptor editing. Thus, the C delta-CS lineage may be a "sink" for B cells harboring autoreactive specificities in normal humans. A model for a new tolerizing mechanism that could account for the C delta-CS lineage is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Ying Zheng
- Molecular Immunogenetics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Satterfield TF, Jackson SM, Pallanck LJ. A Drosophila homolog of the polyglutamine disease gene SCA2 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of actin filament formation. Genetics 2002; 162:1687-702. [PMID: 12524342 PMCID: PMC1462369 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/162.4.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract in ataxin-2, the SCA2 gene product. The normal cellular function of ataxin-2 and the mechanism by which polyglutamine expansion of ataxin-2 causes neurodegeneration remain unknown. In this study we have used genetic and molecular approaches to investigate the function of a Drosophila homolog of the SCA2 gene (Datx2). Like human ataxin-2, Datx2 is found throughout development in a variety of tissue types and localizes to the cytoplasm. Mutations that reduce Datx2 activity or transgenic overexpression of Datx2 result in female sterility, aberrant sensory bristle morphology, loss or degeneration of tissues, and lethality. These phenotypes appear to result from actin filament formation defects occurring downstream of actin synthesis. Further studies demonstrate that Datx2 does not assemble with actin filaments, suggesting that the role of Datx2 in actin filament formation is indirect. These results indicate that Datx2 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of actin filament formation. Given that loss of cytoskeleton-dependent dendritic structure defines an early event in SCA2 pathogenesis, our findings suggest the possibility that dysregulation of actin cytoskeletal structure resulting from altered ataxin-2 activity is responsible for neurodegeneration in SCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence F Satterfield
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7730, USA
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Jackson SM, Berg CA. An A-kinase anchoring protein is required for Protein kinase A regulatory subunit localization and morphology of actin structures during oogenesis inDrosophila. Development 2002; 129:4423-33. [PMID: 12223401 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129.19.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) holoenzyme is anchored to specific subcellular regions by interactions between regulatory subunits (Pka-R) and A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). We examine the functional importance of PKA anchoring during Drosophila oogenesis by analyzing membrane integrity and actin structures in mutants with disruptions in Akap200, an AKAP. In wild-type ovaries, Pka-RII and Akap200 localized to membranes and to the outer rim of ring canals, actin-rich structures that connect germline cells. In Akap200 mutant ovaries, Pka-RII membrane localization decreased, leading to a destabilization of membrane structures and the formation of binucleate nurse cells. Defects in membrane integrity could be mimicked by expressing a constitutively active PKA catalytic subunit (Pka-C) throughout germline cells. Unexpectedly, nurse cells in Akap200 mutant ovaries also had enlarged, thin ring canals. In contrast, overexpressing Akap200 in the germline resulted in thicker, smaller ring canals. To investigate the role of Akap200 in regulating ring canal growth, we examined genetic interactions with other genes that are known to regulate ring canal morphology. Akap200 mutations suppressed the small ring canal phenotype produced by Src64B mutants, linking Akap200 with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. Together, these results provide the first evidence that PKA localization is required for morphogenesis of actin structures in an intact organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, Box 357730, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7730, USA.
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Ward EJ, Thaipisuttikul I, Terayama M, French RL, Jackson SM, Cosand KA, Tobler KJ, Dorman JB, Berg CA. GAL4 enhancer trap patterns during Drosophila development. Genesis 2002; 34:46-50. [PMID: 12324946 DOI: 10.1002/gene.10138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Ward
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Volpe AM, Horowitz H, Grafer CM, Jackson SM, Berg CA. Drosophila rhino encodes a female-specific chromo-domain protein that affects chromosome structure and egg polarity. Genetics 2001; 159:1117-34. [PMID: 11729157 PMCID: PMC1461866 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/159.3.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe our analyses of Rhino, a novel member of the Heterochromatin Protein 1(HP1) subfamily of chromo box proteins. rhino (rhi) is expressed only in females and chiefly in the germline, thus providing a new tool to dissect the role of chromo-domain proteins in development. Mutations in rhi disrupt eggshell and embryonic patterning and arrest nurse cell nuclei during a stage-specific reorganization of their polyploid chromosomes, a mitotic-like state called the "five-blob" stage. These visible alterations in chromosome structure do not affect polarity by altering transcription of key patterning genes. Expression levels of gurken (grk), oskar (osk), bicoid (bcd), and decapentaplegic (dpp) transcripts are normal, with a slight delay in the appearance of bcd and dpp mRNAs. Mislocalization of grk and osk transcripts, however, suggests a defect in the microtubule reorganization that occurs during the middle stages of oogenesis and determines axial polarity. This defect likely results from aberrant Grk/Egfr signaling at earlier stages, since rhi mutations delay synthesis of Grk protein in germaria and early egg chambers. In addition, Grk protein accumulates in large, actin-caged vesicles near the endoplasmic reticulum of stages 6-10 egg chambers. We propose two hypotheses to explain these results. First, Rhi may play dual roles in oogenesis, independently regulating chromosome compaction in nurse cells at the end of the unique endoreplication cycle 5 and repressing transcription of genes that inhibit Grk synthesis. Thus, loss-of-function mutations arrest nurse cell chromosome reorganization at the five-blob stage and delay production or processing of Grk protein, leading to axial patterning defects. Second, Rhi may regulate chromosome compaction in both nurse cells and oocyte. Loss-of-function mutations block nurse cell nuclear transitions at the five-blob stage and activate checkpoint controls in the oocyte that arrest Grk synthesis and/or inhibit cytoskeletal functions. These functions may involve direct binding of Rhi to chromosomes or may involve indirect effects on pathways controlling these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Volpe
- Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7360, USA
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Jackson SM, Hay JH, Flores AD. Local control of T3N0 glottic carcinoma by 60 Gy given over five weeks in 2.4 Gy daily fractions. One more point on the biological effective dose (BED) curve. Radiother Oncol 2001; 59:219-20. [PMID: 11325452 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(01)00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seventy patients with T3N0 glottic cancer who received a total dose of 60 Gy in twenty-five 2.4 Gy daily fractions over 5 weeks had an initial post radiation primary recurrence free rate of 65% at 5 years. This provides one more point for the dose response for T3 glottic cancer Radiother Oncol (1999) 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Cancer Centre, 600 West 10th Avenue, BC, V5Z 4E6, Vancouver, Canada
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Abboud MR, Taylor EC, Habib D, Dantzler-Johnson T, Jackson SM, Xu F, Laver J, Ballas SK. Elevated serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of interleukin 8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor associated with the acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:482-90. [PMID: 11122088 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of cytokines in the development of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) was studied. Serum interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels were elevated in 14 episodes and undetectable in six out of 20 episodes of ACS in 19 patients with SCD. In contrast, IL-8 levels were undetectable in the sera of 29 control patients with SCD studied during routine clinic visits or hospitalization for vaso-occlusive crises. The differences in mean IL-8 levels and the proportion of patients with detectable levels between the two groups were highly significant (P < 0.0001 and 0.04 respectively). The mean IL-8 level in bronchial fluid samples from children with ACS was also significantly higher than that in sickle cell patients undergoing elective surgery (5500 +/- 1400 pg/ml vs. 1900 +/- 470 pg/ml, P = 0.03). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (2000 +/- 1700 pg/ml) was present in five out of six samples of bronchial fluid, but not serum, from children with ACS. All but one of the patients with ACS studied were negative for the Duffy red cell antigen, which is a receptor that binds and inactivates IL-8 and other chemokines. These findings suggest that IL-8 and G-CSF may play a role in the development of the ACS and the complications associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Abboud
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-3311, USA.
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Ragaz J, Jackson SM. Significance of axillary lymph node extranodal soft tissue extension and indications for postmastectomy irradiation. Cancer 2000; 89:223-5. [PMID: 10897026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Nietert PJ, Abboud MR, Silverstein MD, Jackson SM. Bone marrow transplantation versus periodic prophylactic blood transfusion in sickle cell patients at high risk of ischemic stroke: a decision analysis. Blood 2000; 95:3057-64. [PMID: 10807769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of cerebral blood velocity (CBV) by transcranial Doppler has been used to identify patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are at high risk of ischemic stroke. This study examines outcomes of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and periodic blood transfusion (PBT) as a basis for making treatment recommendations for patients who have elevated CBV and no other indications for BMT. Decision analysis was used to compare the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) experienced by a population of patients with SCD at high risk for stroke who were treated with PBT or BMT. Markov models were constructed to represent the clinical course of patients with SCD who were treated with PBT or BMT. Medical literature and expert opinion provided risks of stroke and death for different disease states, estimates of transition probabilities from one clinical state to another, and quality of life. An intention-to-treat analysis and an analysis of treatment received were both performed on hypothetical cohorts of 100 000 patients. Patients with SCD who were managed with a strategy of intending to provide BMT could expect 16.0 QALYs, compared with 15.7 QALYs for a strategy of intending to provide PBT; however, the variation around these estimates was large. In the treatment received analysis, patients compliant with PBT therapy and iron chelation could expect the best outcomes (19.2 QALYs). From a policy perspective, neither BMT nor PBT can be considered the "best" treatment for children with SCD who have abnormal CBV. Abnormal CBV should not be the only criterion for selecting patients with sickle cell for BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Nietert
- Center for Health Care Research and Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Kintscher U, Wakino S, Kim S, Jackson SM, Fleck E, Hsueh WA, Law RE. Doxazosin inhibits retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and G(1)-->S transition in human coronary smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:1216-24. [PMID: 10807736 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist doxazosin (Dox) inhibits multiple mitogenic signaling pathways in human vascular smooth muscle cells. This broad antiproliferative activity of Dox occurs through a novel mechanism unrelated to its blocking the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor. Flow cytometry demonstrated that Dox prevents mitogen-induced G(1)-->S progression of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal reduction of S-phase transition by 88+/-10.5% in 20 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor and 1 micromol/L insulin (P+I)-stimulated cells (P<0.01 for 10 micromol/L Dox versus P+I alone) and 52+/-18.7% for 10% FBS-induced mitogenesis (P<0.05 for 10 micromol/L Dox versus 10% FBS alone). Inhibition of G(1) exit by Dox was accompanied by a significant blockade of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation. Hypophosphorylated Rb sequesters the E2F transcription factor, leading to G(1) arrest. Adenoviral overexpression of E2F-1 stimulated quiescent CASMCs to progress through G(1) and enter the S phase. E2F-mediated G(1) exit was not affected by Dox, suggesting that it targets events upstream from Rb hyperphosphorylation. Downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory protein p27 is important for maximal activation of G(1) cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase holoenzymes to overcome the cell cycle inhibitory activity of Rb. In Western blot analysis, p27 levels decreased after mitogenic stimulation (after P+I, 43+/-1.8% of quiescent cells [P<0.01 versus quiescent cells]; after 10% FBS, 55+/-7.7% of quiescent cells [P<0. 05 versus quiescent cells]), whereas the addition of Dox (10 micromol/L) markedly attenuated its downregulation (after P+I, 90+/-8.3% of quiescent cells [P<0.05 versus P+I alone]; after 10% FBS, 78+/-8.3% of quiescent cells [P<0.05 versus 10% FBS alone]). Furthermore, Dox inhibited cyclin A expression, an E2F regulated gene that is essential for cell cycle progression into the S phase. The present study demonstrates that Dox inhibits CASMC proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression from the G(0)/G(1) phase to the S phase. This G(1)-->S blockade likely results from an inhibition of mitogen-induced Rb hyperphosphorylation through prevention of p27 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kintscher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Abstract
The reduced bone mineral density (BMD) observed in osteoporosis results, in part, from reduced activity of bone-forming osteoblasts. We examined the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators on MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast maturation. Activators of PPARalpha, delta and gamma induced alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix calcification and the expression of osteoblast genes as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. However, at relatively high concentrations of the specific PPARgamma ligands, ciglitazone and troglitazone, maturation was inhibited. PPARalpha, delta and gamma1 were expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells. PPARgamma1 mRNA and protein levels were induced early during osteoblastic maturation. We speculate that endogenous and pharmacological PPAR activators may affect BMD by modulating osteoblastic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Warren Hall, Suite 24-130, 900 Veteran Avenue, P.O. Box 957073, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Froud PJ, Mates D, Jackson JS, Phillips N, Andersen S, Jackson SM, Bryce CJ, Olivotto IA. Effect of time interval between breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy on ipsilateral breast recurrence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 46:363-72. [PMID: 10661343 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of the time interval (interval) between breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and the start of radiation therapy (RT) on the subsequent risk of ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBR). METHODS AND MATERIALS We reviewed interval and a number of prognostic and treatment factors among 1,962 women treated with BCS and RT for invasive breast cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1993 in British Columbia, Canada. Subjects were female, less than 90 years old at diagnosis, not treated with chemotherapy, not stage T4 or M1, and had survived more than 30 days from diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of IBR was estimated in four interval groups: 0-5, 6-8, 9-12, and 13+ weeks. Only 23 women had an interval of greater than 20 weeks between BCS and start of RT. To assess whether an imbalance of prognostic and treatment factors could be obscuring real differences between the interval groups, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Median follow-up was 71 months. The crude incidence of IBR for the entire sample was 3.9%. The cumulative incidence of IBR in the 6-8, 9-12, and 13+ week groups was not statistically significantly different from the cumulative incidence of IBR in the 0-5 week group. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that patients not using tamoxifen p = 0.027) and those with grade 3 histology (p = 0.003) were more likely to recur in the breast. Interval between BCS and RT was not a statistically significant predictor of breast recurrence when entered into a model incorporating tamoxifen use and tumor grade (0-5 vs. 6-8 weeks, p = 0.872; 0-5 vs. 9-12 weeks, p = 0.665; 0-5 vs. 13+ weeks, p = 0.573). CONCLUSIONS We found no univariate or multivariate difference in ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence between intervals of 0 to 20 weeks from breast conserving surgery to start of radiation therapy, in a population-based, low risk group of women not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, after controlling for other factors important in predicting ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Froud
- The Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit, Systemic Therapy Programs of the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
The home-range of the mahogany glider was estimated, and its social behaviour
examined, by following radio-collared animals over a two-year period within an
area of continuous habitat and an adjacent area of fragmented habitat. The
average home range within the continuous habitat was 19.25 ha for males and
20.34 ha for females, with male and female pairs occupying a combined area of
23.15 ha. In contrast, the average home range in the fragmented habitat was
11.05 ha for males and 6.80 ha for females, with a combined home-range of male
and female pairs being 11.60 ha. The average overlap of the home ranges of
paired males and females was 85.9%, compared with approximately
11% for non-paired individuals, which suggests that mahogany gliders
are socially monogamous. For a total of 46 nights on which gliders were
considered to behave normally for the entire night, the average foraging
distance was 1506 m (range 590–3420 m) with no significant difference
between males and females in either the continuous or fragmented habitat.
There was, however, a significant difference in the distance individuals
travelled during different times of the year, with longer distances being
travelled during late dry season/wet season and shorter distances during
the early to mid dry season. Mahogany gliders also travelled further when
there was a high availability of nectar and pollen than when there was lower
availability. A total of 83 dens (tree hollows) were recorded for the mahogany
glider, with the poplar gum, Eucalyptus platyphylla,
forest red gum, Eucalyptus tereticornis, and
Clarkson's bloodwood, Corymbia clarksoniana, being
most used.
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42
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Jackson SM. Habitat relationships of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps. Wildl Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1071/wr98045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trapping data of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis,
and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps, in sympatry,
in north Queensland, were analysed with vegetation variables to determine the
habitat relationships of these two species. The study area contained a
trapping grid (80 traps) within an area of continuous forest and trapping
transects within an adjacent area of fragmented forest (44 traps). The
mahogany glider was trapped more often at 43 of the 124 locations (38 in the
continuous and 5 in the fragmented forest), with the sugar glider dominant at
46 locations (18 in the continuous forest and 28 in the fragmented forest).
The remaining 27 trap locations where gliders were caught did not favour
either species. Eight trap locations within riparian rainforest had no
captures of either species. The presence of mahogany gliders was significantly
correlated with the presence of Corymbia clarksoniana,
Eucalyptus platyphylla, the absence of
Corymbia intermedia and
Acacia mangium, and a small mid and upper canopy cover.
In contrast, the presence of sugar gliders was most correlated with a large
number of stems. When the presence of the mahogany glider was compared with
that of the sugar glider with respect to various habitat variables for the
entire study area, the mahogany glider was most associated with the presence
of C. clarksoniana,
Eucalyptus pellita,
Lophostemon suaveolens,
Melaleuca dealbata and a reduced lower and upper canopy.
In contrast, the sugar glider was most associated with
C. intermedia, A. mangium, a large
number of potential food species, rainforest species and a dense mid and upper
canopy cover.
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43
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Jackson SM. Population dynamics and life history of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps, in north Queensland. Wildl Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1071/wr98044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mahogany gliders, Petaurus gracilis, and sugar gliders,
Petaurus breviceps, were trapped in an area of open
woodland in north Queensland between 1994 and 1996 to examine their population
ecology and life history. This study area contained two smaller areas, one
consisting of continuous habitat and the other an area of fragmented habitat
adjacent to the continuous habitat. Within the continuous area, the mahogany
glider had an average density of 0.24 ha–1 whereas
the sugar glider had an average density of 0.27
ha–1. In contrast, the density of mahogany gliders
in the fragmented habitat averaged only 0.16 ha–1
whereas the density of sugar gliders was higher, at 0.46
ha–1. Both the mahogany glider and the sugar
glider showed sexual dimorphism in their weight, head length and head width.
The average body weight of both species fluctuated throughout the year with no
consistent pattern. The mahogany glider showed a distinct breeding season,
with births being recorded between April and October, whereas the sugar glider
showed no pattern, with births being recorded during all months except
February and April. During the study, all adult females of both species were
observed to have bred, with an average litter size of 1.55 and a natality rate
of 2.09 for the mahogany glider, and an average litter size of 1.83 and a
natality rate of 2.14 for the sugar glider. The sugar glider was able to raise
two litters of young within a single year whereas a second litter was raised
by the mahogany glider only if the first litter was lost.
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Abstract
The comet assay is a single-cell gel electrophoresis technique that measures DNA damage in individual cells. Since radiation produces 3-4 times more DNA damage in well-oxygenated cells compared with hypoxic cells, this assay can quantify the fraction of radiation-resistant hypoxic cells found in many solid tumours. This paper summarizes our results with 73 accessible metastatic tumours irradiated with palliative intent. Hypoxic fractions ranged from 0.0 to 0.67 with a mean of 0.15; 62% of these advanced tumours showed a hypoxic fraction > 0.05. Comparisons between two sequential aspirates in 33 tumours gave a slope of 0.92 (r2 = 0.88), suggesting that a single aspirate is generally representative of the tumour. A limitation, however, is that the hypoxic fraction could not be measured in clinical samples given a conventional dose of 2 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Olive
- Medical Biophysics Department, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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45
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Parhami F, Jackson SM, Tintut Y, Le V, Balucan JP, Territo M, Demer LL. Atherogenic diet and minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein inhibit osteogenic and promote adipogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14:2067-78. [PMID: 10620066 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.12.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In osteoporosis, the bone marrow stroma osteogenic cell population declines and adipocyte numbers increase. We recently showed that oxidized lipids inhibit differentiation of preosteoblasts. In this report, we assess the effect of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) on osteoblastic differentiation of murine marrow stromal cells, M2-10B4. MM-LDL, but not native LDL, inhibited stromal cell osteoblastic differentiation as demonstrated by inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen I processing, and mineralization, through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. In addition, marrow stromal cells from C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat, atherogenic diet failed to undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The ability of MM-LDL to regulate adipogenesis was also assessed. Treatment of M2-10B4 as well as 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with MM-LDL, but not native LDL, promoted adipogenic differentiation in the presence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist thiazolidinediones, BRL49653 and ciglitizone. Based on promoter-reporter construct experiments, MM-LDL may be acting in part through activating PPARalpha. These observations suggest that LDL oxidation products promote osteoporotic loss of bone by directing progenitor marrow stromal cells to undergo adipogenic instead of osteogenic differentiation. These data lend support to the "lipid hypothesis of osteoporosis."
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Affiliation(s)
- F Parhami
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Jackson SM, Berg CA. Soma-to-germline interactions during Drosophila oogenesis are influenced by dose-sensitive interactions between cut and the genes cappuccino, ovarian tumor and agnostic. Genetics 1999; 153:289-303. [PMID: 10471713 PMCID: PMC1460760 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/153.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cut gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a homeodomain protein that regulates a soma-to-germline signaling pathway required for proper morphology of germline cells during oogenesis. cut is required solely in somatic follicle cells, and when cut function is disrupted, membranes separating adjacent nurse cells break down and the structural integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is compromised. To understand the mechanism by which cut expression influences germline cell morphology, we determined whether binucleate cells form by defective cytokinesis or by fusion of adjacent cells. Egg chambers produced by cut, cappuccino, and chickadee mutants contained binucleate cells in which ring canal remnants stained with antibodies against Hu-li tai shao and Kelch, two proteins that are added to ring canals after cytokinesis is complete. In addition, defects in egg chamber morphology were observed only in middle to late stages of oogenesis, suggesting that germline cell cytokineses were normal in these mutants. cut exhibited dose-sensitive genetic interactions with cappuccino but not with chickadee or other genes that regulate cytoskeletal function, including armadillo, spaghetti squash, quail, spire, Src64B, and Tec29A. Genomic regions containing genes that cooperate with cut were identified by performing a second-site noncomplementing screen using a collection of chromosomal deficiencies. Sixteen regions that interact with cut during oogenesis and eight regions that interact during the development of other tissues were identified. Genetic interactions between cut and the ovarian tumor gene were identified as a result of the screen. In addition, the gene agnostic was found to be required during oogenesis, and genetic interactions between cut and agnostic were revealed. These results demonstrate that a signaling pathway regulating the morphology of germline cells is sensitive to genetic doses of cut and the genes cappuccino, ovarian tumor, and agnostic. Since these genes regulate cytoskeletal function and cAMP metabolism, the cut-mediated pathway functionally links these elements to preserve the cytoarchitecture of the germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7360, USA.
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Jackson SM, Parhami F, Xi XP, Berliner JA, Hsueh WA, Law RE, Demer LL. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2094-104. [PMID: 10479650 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.9.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An early event in acute and chronic inflammation and associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis is the induced expression of specific adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs), which subsequently bind leukocytes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, are activated by fatty acid metabolites, peroxisome proliferators, and thiazolidinediones and are now recognized as important mediators in the inflammatory response. Whether PPAR activators influence the inflammatory responses of ECs is unknown. We show that the PPAR activators 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), Wyeth 14643, ciglitazone, and troglitazone, but not BRL 49653, partially inhibit the induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), as measured by ELISA, and monocyte binding to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide. The "natural" PPAR activator 15d-PGJ(2) had the greatest potency and was the only tested molecule capable of partially inhibiting the induced expression of E-selectin and neutrophil-like HL60 cell binding to PMA-activated HAECs. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 induction by PMA was unaffected by any of the molecules tested. Both PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma mRNAs were detected in HAECs by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a ribonuclease protection assay; however, we have yet to determine which, if any, of the PPARs are mediating this process. These results suggest that certain PPAR activators may help limit chronic inflammation mediated by VCAM-1 and monocytes without affecting acute inflammation mediated by E-selectin and neutrophil binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90095-1679, USA.
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Jackson SM, Morgan GH, Morse AD, Butterworth AL, Pillinger CT. The use of static mass spectrometry to determine the combined stable isotopic composition of small samples of atmospheric methane. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1999; 13:1329-1333. [PMID: 10407320 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19990715)13:13<1329::aid-rcm648>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Global budgets of atmospheric trace gases are increasingly being constrained by means of stable isotope measurements. Published analytical techniques for studying the parallel stable isotopic composition of methane (delta(13)C and deltaD) require prohibitively large quantities of methane for analysis, making them unsuitable for studies where sample size is small, e.g. soil methane fluxes. A highly sensitive static mass spectrometer has been developed which uniquely uses CH(4) as the analyte. The method requires only 8 ng of CH(4) for analysis (<10 mL ambient air), making replicated measurements of the isotopic composition of CH(4) in small samples feasible for the first time. This paper provides the first detailed description of the instrumentation and the analytical technique. The technique has been used to analyse small samples of air collected in Snowdonia over 21 months. The combined stable isotopic composition (delta(17)M) ranged from 29.5 to 35.5 per thousand, with an average value of 32.2 per thousand, and was strongly correlated with wind direction (p <0.01, r(2) = 0.71). Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Jackson
- Planetary Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
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49
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Jackson SM, Baerg B. Compliance with radiation treatment guidelines in a provincial setting. Cancer Prev Control 1999; 3:196-201. [PMID: 10474767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 1979, consensus guidelines have been produced for radiation treatment practice in British Columbia. These guidelines have been revised, updated and circulated to all radiation oncologists periodically. A comprehensive computer database for all patients receiving radiation treatment in the province was established in 1984. Between 1985 and 1996 inclusive, 7667 prostate cancer patients and 9748 breast cancer patients received primary radical radiation treatment or adjuvant postsurgical treatment. Palliative treatments and the treatment of other disease sites are not included in this review. Compliance of these treatments with the published guidelines is reported. Over 98% of patients completed treatment as planned and, in the last 3 years, more than 90% of patients received a guideline dose to either the prostate or the breast. Compliance was less in the treatment of the regional lymph nodes in breast cancer. Practice in prostate cancer tended to precede the changes in the guidelines. This was not the case for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Radiation Oncology, Vancouver.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of ipsilateral irradiation techniques to treat patients with carcinoma of the tonsil reduces the acute radiation reaction in the contralateral pharynx and late damage to the contralateral salivary tissue. However, this may also spare microscopic disease in apparently uninvolved contralateral lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the survival and recurrence rates and sites of recurrance in a group of patients with carcinoma of the tonsil treated with ipsilateral techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1975 and 1993, 271 patients with invasive squamous cell cancer of the tonsil were referred to the Vancouver Cancer Centre (VCC). One hundred and seventy-eight received ipsilateral radiation treatment. Three received surgery only, six post-operative radiation, 12 supportive treatment only and 72 bilateral radiation treatment. In the absence of bilateral neck nodes and extensive lymphodenopathy, field sizes were generally kept small to include the primary tumour and the first echelon of nodes. The most common dose was 60 Gy in 25 daily fractions in 5 weeks (2.4 Gy per day). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The disease specific survival for all patients treated by radical radiation treatment was 61% at 5 years. For the 178 patients who received ipsilateral radiation treatment the overall primary tumour control rate by ipsilateral radiation treatment alone was 75% and for T1 and T2 tumours 84%. Eight (7.5%) of 101 of these patients with N0 nodes at presentation and without prior failure at the primary site, developed nodal recurrence (four within the initially radiated high dose volume). Two developed contralateral nodes, and two developed field edge nodal recurrence, one cured by surgery. In 54 patients with N1 disease, five developed nodal recurrence, two within field, two contralateral, one of whom was cured by surgery, and one at field edge. In 23 patients with N2a, N2b or N3 disease node control was achieved from radiation treatment in 11 and two more were cured by surgery. All nodal failures were within the radiated volume. Overall, 10 of the 25 patients with nodal failure were cured by subsequent surgery. CONCLUSIONS Ipsilateral treatment of patients with carcinoma of the tonsil gives survival results that are at least as good as those reported with bilateral treatment with fewer side effects and a very low risk of failure in the contralateral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jackson
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Canada
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