1
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Wang JM, Zhang FH, Liu ZX, Tang YJ, Li JF, Xie LP. Cancer on motors: How kinesins drive prostate cancer progression? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116229. [PMID: 38643904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer causes numerous male deaths annually. Although great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer during the past several decades, much about this disease remains unknown, especially its pathobiology. The kinesin superfamily is a pivotal group of motor proteins, that contains a microtubule-based motor domain and features an adenosine triphosphatase activity and motility characteristics. Large-scale sequencing analyses based on clinical samples and animal models have shown that several members of the kinesin family are dysregulated in prostate cancer. Abnormal expression of kinesins could be linked to uncontrolled cell growth, inhibited apoptosis and increased metastasis ability. Additionally, kinesins may be implicated in chemotherapy resistance and escape immunologic cytotoxicity, which creates a barrier to cancer treatment. Here we cover the recent advances in understanding how kinesins may drive prostate cancer progression and how targeting their function may be a therapeutic strategy. A better understanding of kinesins in prostate cancer tumorigenesis may be pivotal for improving disease outcomes in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jie Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Łomzik M, Błauż A, Tchoń D, Makal A, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Development of Half-Sandwich Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir Complexes Bearing the Pyridine-2-ylmethanimine Bidentate Ligand Derived from 7-Chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one with Enhanced Antiproliferative Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18224-18237. [PMID: 38680348 PMCID: PMC11044151 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors are one of the most promising anticancer agents developed in recent years. Herein, we report the synthesis of ispinesib-core pyridine derivative conjugates, which are potent KSP inhibitors, with half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, and iridium. Conjugation of 7-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one with the pyridine-2-ylmethylimine group and the organometallic moiety resulted in up to a 36-fold increased cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the micromolar and nanomolar range also toward drug-resistant cells. All studied conjugates increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, simultaneously decreasing the number of cells in the G1/G0 phase, suggesting mitotic arrest. Additionally, ruthenium derivatives were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, no significant influence of the organometallic moiety on KSP inhibition was observed, which suggests that conjugation of a KSP inhibitor with the organometallic moiety modulates its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Faculty
of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Oncobiology
and Epigenetics, Cytometry Lab, University
of Lodz, ul. Pomorska
141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Daniel Tchoń
- Laboratory
for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical
Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory
for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical
Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Faculty
of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Oncobiology
and Epigenetics, Cytometry Lab, University
of Lodz, ul. Pomorska
141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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3
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Elseginy SA. Identifying and characterising promising small molecule inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein using ligand-based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and MM‑GBSA calculations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2024; 38:16. [PMID: 38556596 PMCID: PMC10982093 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-024-00553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) is a mitotic protein that plays an essential role in the formation of the bipolar spindles during the mitotic phase. Eg5 protein controls the segregation of the chromosomes in mitosis which renders it a vital target for cancer treatment. In this study our approach to identifying novel scaffold for Eg5 inhibitors is based on targeting the novel allosteric pocket (α4/α6/L11). Extensive computational techniques were applied using ligand-based virtual screening and molecular docking by two approaches, MOE and AutoDock, to screen a library of commercial compounds. We identified compound 8-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylpropylamino)-3-methyl-7-((naphthalen-3-yl)methyl)-1H-purine-2, 6 (3H,7H)-dione (compound 5) as a novel scaffold for Eg5 inhibitors. This compound inhibited cancer cell Eg5 ATPase at 2.37 ± 0.15 µM. The molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the identified compound formed stable interactions in the allosteric pocket (α4/α6/L11) of the receptor, indicating its potential as a novel Eg5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Elseginy
- Chemical Industries Research Division, Green Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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4
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Alossaimi MA, Riadi Y, Alnuwaybit GN, Md S, Alkreathy HM, Elekhnawy E, Geesi MH, Alqahtani SM, Afzal O. Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and in vitro studies of 2-mercaptoquinazolin-4(3 H)-ones as potential anti-breast cancer agents. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101971. [PMID: 38357701 PMCID: PMC10864842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 10 % to 20 % of breast cancer, however, it is more dangerous than other types of breast cancer, because it lacks druggable targets, such as the estrogen receptors (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), and has under expressed receptor tyrosine kinase, ErbB2. Present targeted therapies are not very effective and other choices include invasive procedures like surgery or less invasive ones like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study investigated the potential anticancer activity of some novel quinazolinone derivatives that were designed on the structural framework of two approved anticancer drugs, Ispinesib (KSP inhibitor) and Idelalisib (PI3Kδ inhibitor), to find out solutions for TNBC. All the designed derivatives (3a-l) were subjected to extra precision molecular docking and were synthesized and spectrally characterized. In vitro enzyme inhibition assay of compounds (3a, 3b, 3e, 3 g and 3 h) revealed their nanomolar inhibitory potential against the anticancer targets, KSP and PI3Kδ. Using MTT assay, the cytotoxic potential of compounds 3a, 3b and 3e were found highest against MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 of 14.51 µM, 16.27 µM, and 9.97 µM, respectively. Remarkably, these compounds were recorded safe against the oral epithelial normal cells with an IC50 values of 293.60 µM, 261.43 µM, and 222 µM, respectively. The anticancer potential of these compounds against MDA-MB-231 cells was revealed to be associated with their apoptotic activity. This was established by examination with the inverted microscope that revealed the appearance of various apoptotic features like cell shrinkage, apoptotic bodies, and membrane blebbing. Using flow cytometry, the Annexin V/PI-stained cancer cells showed an increase in early and late apoptotic cells. In addition, DNA fragmentation was revealed to occur after treatment with the tested compounds by gel electrophoresis. The relative gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes revealed an overexpression of the P53 and BAX genes and a downregulation of the BCL-2 gene by real-time PCR. So, this work proved that compounds 3a, 3b, and 3e could be developed as anticancer candidates, via their P53-dependent apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida N. Alnuwaybit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H. Geesi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safar M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Rebstock AS, Wiedmann M, Stelte-Ludwig B, Wong H, Johnson AJ, Izumi R, Hamdy A, Lerchen HG. Neutrophil elastase as a versatile cleavage enzyme for activation of αvβ3 integrin-targeted small molecule drug conjugates with different payload classes in the tumor microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358393. [PMID: 38495100 PMCID: PMC10943695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The development of bioconjugates for the targeted delivery of anticancer agents is gaining momentum after recent success of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) in the clinic. Smaller format conjugates may have several advantages including better tumor penetration; however, cellular uptake and trafficking may be substantially different from ADCs. To fully leverage the potential of small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) with potent binding molecules mediating tumor homing, novel linker chemistries susceptible for efficient extracellular activation and payload release in the tumor microenvironment (TME) need to be explored. Methods: We designed a novel class of SMDCs, which target αvβ3 integrins for tumor homing and are cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE), a serine protease active in the TME. A peptidomimetic αvβ3 ligand was attached via optimized linkers composed of substrate peptide sequences of NE connected to different functional groups of various payload classes, such as camptothecins, monomethyl auristatin E, kinesin spindle protein inhibitors (KSPi) and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 inhibitors (CDK-9i). Results: NE-mediated cleavage was found compatible with the diverse linker attachments via hindered ester bonds, amide bonds and sulfoximide bonds. Efficient and traceless release of the respective payloads was demonstrated in biochemical assays. The newly designed SMDCs were highly stable in buffer as well as in rat and human plasma. Cytotoxicity of the SMDCs in cancer cell lines was clearly dependent on NE. IC50 values were in the nanomolar or sub-nanomolar range across several cancer cell lines reaching similar potencies as compared to the respective payloads only in the presence of NE. In vivo pharmacokinetics evaluating SMDC and free payload exposures in rat and particularly the robust efficacy with good tolerability in triple negative breast and small cell lung cancer murine models demonstrate the utility of this approach for selective delivery of payloads to the tumor. Discussion: These results highlight the broad scope of potential payloads and suitable conjugation chemistries paving the way for future SMDCs harnessing the safety features of targeted delivery approaches in combination with NE cleavage in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harvey Wong
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Raquel Izumi
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ahmed Hamdy
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, United States
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6
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Zheng D, Yang C, Li X, Liu D, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu J. Design, Synthesis, Antitumour Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of Pyrazolo-[1,5- c]quinazolinone Derivatives Targeting Potential Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. Molecules 2023; 28:6606. [PMID: 37764382 PMCID: PMC10536637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient, straightforward, and metal-free methodology to rapidly access functionalised pyrazolo-[1,5-c]quinazolinones via a [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition and regioselective ring expansion process was developed. The synthesised compounds were characterised by methods such as NMR, HRMS, and HPLC. The in vitro antiproliferative activity against A549 cells (non-small cell lung cancer) was significant for compounds 4i, 4m, and 4n with IC50 values of 17.0, 14.2, and 18.1 μM, respectively. In particular, compounds 4t and 4n showed inhibitory activity against CDK9/2. Predicted biological target and molecular modelling studies suggest that the compound 4t may target CDKs for antitumour effects. The synthesised derivatives were considered to have moderate drug-likeness and sufficient safety in silico. In summary, a series of pyrazolo-[1,5-c]quinazolinone derivatives with antitumour activity is reported for the first time. We provide not only a simple and efficient synthetic method but also helpful lead compounds for the further development of novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Junyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
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7
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Kowalczyk K, Błauż A, Moscoh Ayine-Tora D, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Ferrocene-Ispinesib Hybrids: Impact of a Ferrocenyl Group on the Antiproliferative and Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitory Activity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300813. [PMID: 37332065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to combine more than one biologically-active component in a single molecule, derivatives of ispinesib and its (S) analogue were prepared that featured ferrocenyl moieties or bulky organic substituents. Inspired by the strong kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitory activity of ispinesib, the compounds were investigated for their antiproliferative activity. Among these compounds, several derivatives demonstrated significantly higher antiproliferative activity than ispinesib with nanomolar IC50 values against cell lines. Further evaluation indicated that the antiproliferative activity is not directly correlated with their KSP inhibitory activity while docking suggested that several of the derivatives may bind in a manner similar to ispinesib. In order to investigate the mode of action further, cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species formation were investigated. The improved antiproliferative activity of the most active compounds may be assigned to synergic effects of various factors such as KSP inhibitory activity due to the ispinesib core and ability to generate ROS and induce mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz ul. Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz ul. Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
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8
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Łomzik M, Błauż A, Głodek M, Makal A, Tchoń D, Ayine-Tora DM, Hartinger C, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Organometallic Ru, Os, Rh and Ir half-sandwich conjugates of ispinesib - impact of the organometallic group on the antimitotic activity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11859-11874. [PMID: 37464882 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimitotic agents are among the most important drugs used in anticancer therapy. Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) was proposed as a promising target for new antimitotic drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir half-sandwich complexes with the KSP inhibitor ispinesib and its (S)-enantiomer. Conjugation of the organometallic moiety with ispinesib and its (S)-enantiomer resulted in a significantly increased cytotoxicity of up to 5.6-fold compared to the parent compounds, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The most active derivatives were the ispinesib Ru and Rh conjugates which were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may at least partially explain their high cytotoxicity. At the same time, the Os and Ir derivatives acted as KSP inhibitors with no effects on ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Głodek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel Tchoń
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Christian Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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9
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Guo W, Ale TA, Sun S, Sanchez JE, Li L. A Comprehensive Study on the Electrostatic Properties of Tubulin-Tubulin Complexes in Microtubules. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020238. [PMID: 36672172 PMCID: PMC9857020 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are key players in several stages of the cell cycle and are also involved in the transportation of cellular organelles. Microtubules are polymerized by α/β tubulin dimers with a highly dynamic feature, especially at the plus ends of the microtubules. Therefore, understanding the interactions among tubulins is crucial for characterizing microtubule dynamics. Studying microtubule dynamics can help researchers make advances in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this study, we utilize a series of computational approaches to study the electrostatic interactions at the binding interfaces of tubulin monomers. Our study revealed that among all the four types of tubulin-tubulin binding modes, the electrostatic attractive interactions in the α/β tubulin binding are the strongest while the interactions of α/α tubulin binding in the longitudinal direction are the weakest. Our calculations explained that due to the electrostatic interactions, the tubulins always preferred to form α/β tubulin dimers. The interactions between two protofilaments are the weakest. Thus, the protofilaments are easily separated from each other. Furthermore, the important residues involved in the salt bridges at the binding interfaces of the tubulins are identified, which illustrates the details of the interactions in the microtubule. This study elucidates some mechanistic details of microtubule dynamics and also identifies important residues at the binding interfaces as potential drug targets for the inhibition of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Guo
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Tolulope Ayodeji Ale
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Jason E. Sanchez
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Sun RF, He N, Zhang GY, Yu ZY, Li LS, Ma ZJ, Jiao ZY. Combined Inhibition of KIF11 and KIF15 as an Effective Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023; 23:293-306. [PMID: 35713129 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220616122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required to improve clinical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC). KIF15 cooperates with KIF11 to promote bipolar spindle assembly and formation, which is essential for proper sister chromatid segregation. Therefore, we speculated that the combined inhibition of KIF11 and KIF15 might be an effective strategy for GC treatment. Hence, to test this hypothesis, we aimed to evaluate the combined therapeutic effect of KIF15 inhibitor KIF15- IN-1 and KIF11 inhibitor ispinesib in GC. METHODS We validated the expression of KIF11 and KIF15 in GC tissues using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Next, we determined the effects of KIF11 or KIF15 knockout on the proliferation of GC cell lines. Finally, we investigated the combined effects of the KIF11 and KIF15 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KIF11 and KIF15 were overexpressed in GC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. Knockout of either KIF11 or KIF15 inhibited the proliferative and clonogenic abilities of GC cells. We found that the KIF15 knockout significantly increased ispinesib sensitivity in GC cells, while its overexpression showed the opposite effect. Further, using KIF15-IN-1 and ispinesib together had a synergistic effect on the antitumor proliferation of GC both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows that the combination therapy of inhibiting KIF11 and KIF15 might be an effective therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na He
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng-Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Shun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jian Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Yi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Hassan Ibrahim I, Balah A, Gomaa Abd Elfattah Hassan A, Gamal Abd El-Aziz H. Role of motor proteins in human cancers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103436. [PMID: 36131778 PMCID: PMC9483653 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins include several protein families (Kinesin, Dynein and Myosin) responsible for intracellular transport, intercellular communication, among other functions. In cancer cells, motor proteins along with microtubules (MT) and other tubulin and actin structures, are crucial for cell proliferation and invasion. The cBioPortal platform for Cancer Genomics database was queried for solid cancers in a combined cohort of 9204 patients with complete cancer genomics data. To assess the importance of motor proteins in cancer, copy number alterations (CNAs) and survival rates were analyzed in the combined dataset. Kinesin, Dynein, and Myosin families showed CNAs in 47%, 49%, and 57 % of patients, respectively, in at least one of their members. Survival analysis showed that CNAs in Kinesin and Dynein, families' genes in the same patients were significantly correlated to decreased overall survival. These results added more evidence to previous literature highlighting the importance of motor proteins as a target in cancer therapy. Kinesin inhibitors could act by several mechanisms such as inhibiting spindle assembly or centrosome separation during mitosis, leading to cell cycle arrest and eventually apoptosis. Dynein inhibitors modulate Dynein's activity and MT binding, inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion. Myosin inhibitors act by stabilizing MT, inducing cell cycle arrest and inhibiting invasiveness. Increasing the specificity of motor proteins targeting drugs could improve cancer therapy and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Hassan Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Postal code 11765, Egypt
| | - Amany Balah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al- Azhar University, Postal code 11765, Egypt
| | - Abrar Gomaa Abd Elfattah Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Postal code 11765, Egypt
| | - Heba Gamal Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Postal code 11765, Egypt
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Dong G, Wu Y, Cheng J, Chen L, Liu R, Ding Y, Wu S, Ma J, Sheng C. Ispinesib as an Effective Warhead for the Design of Autophagosome-Tethering Chimeras: Discovery of Potent Degraders of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). J Med Chem 2022; 65:7619-7628. [PMID: 35588495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTECs) are an emerging new technology in targeted protein degradation. However, effective tools and successful examples for autophagosome-tethering chimeras are still rather limited. Herein, ATTEC ispinesib was identified for the first time to be an effective warhead to design autophagosome-tethering chimeras. As a conceptual validation study, the first generation of autophagic degraders of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were developed by connecting the NAMPT inhibitor and LC3-binding ispinesib through a flexible linker. In particular, compound A3 significantly induced the degradation of NAMPT through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, leading to excellent cellular antitumor potency. Ispinesib may have broad applications in the design of potent autophagosome-tethering chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Junfei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanchao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Luo Y, Liu W, Zhu Y, Tian Y, Wu K, Ji L, Ding L, Zhang W, Gao T, Liu X, Zhao J. KIF11 as a potential cancer prognostic marker promotes tumorigenesis in children with Wilms tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:145-157. [PMID: 34378481 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1953655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that KIF11 could play a pivotal role in cancer cell proliferation; however, its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in Wilms tumor (WT) cells are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance and therapeutic potential of KIF11 proteins in WT. KIF11 expression in WT tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues was determined using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and bioinformatics. The function of KIF11 protein was determined by its correlation with tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis using IHC and lentiviral vector-mediated KIF11 depletion. KIF11 expression was upregulated in WT tissues and was associated with WT clinical outcomes. Tumor KIF11 expression was significantly associated with the Ki67 proliferation index. CCK-8, flow-cytometric analysis, and Western blotting revealed that KIF11 knockdown significantly inhibited WT cell growth. Functional studies have indicated that increased KIF11 expression is significantly correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and intratumoral microvessel density. We further confirmed that downregulated expression of KIF11 promoted cell apoptosis and significantly increased Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Our findings demonstrate that KIF11 plays a role in promoting the development of human WT and can serve as a potential molecular marker for the treatment of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Luo
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yinmei Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongshen Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linghua Ji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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14
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Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors in cancer: from high throughput screening to novel therapeutic strategies. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO778. [PMID: 35251692 PMCID: PMC8890118 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bringing to a halt the cell cycle in mitosis and interfering with its normal progression is one of the most successful anti-cancer strategies used nowadays. Classically, several kinds of anti-cancer drugs like taxanes and vinca alkaloids directly inhibit microtubules during cell division. These drugs exhibit serious side effects, most importantly, severe peripheral neuropathies. Alternatively, KSP inhibitors are grasping a lot of research attention as less toxic mitotic inhibitors. In this review, we track the medicinal chemistry developmental stages of KSP inhibitors. Moreover, we address the challenges that are faced during the development of KSP inhibitor therapy for cancer and future insights for the latest advances in research that are directed to find active KSP inhibitor drugs. Scientists have recognized the importance of selective KSP inhibitors in the early 2000s and so various KSP protein inhibitors have been investigated. Only ten of these have been clinically evaluated for cancer treatment. Ispinesib (SB-715992) and filanesib (Arry-520) were the most promising small molecules in clinical trials against the KSP protein. Many challenges are faced during the development of an active anti-KSP drug; most importantly are the unsatisfactory clinical trial results. Designing dual inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, combination therapy and gene therapy approach are among the main strategies that are being investigated nowadays to find new effective KSP inhibitors. The scientific research efforts are still devoted to find an effective and tolerable KSP inhibitor drug that can gain US FDA approval.
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15
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Bregante J, Schönbichler A, Pölöske D, Degenfeld-Schonburg L, Monzó Contreras G, Hadzijusufovic E, de Araujo ED, Valent P, Moriggl R, Orlova A. Efficacy and Synergy of Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting FLT3-ITD + Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6181. [PMID: 34944800 PMCID: PMC8699584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of FLT3 by ITD mutations is one of the most common genetic aberrations in AML, present in ~1/3 of cases. Patients harboring FLT3-ITD display worse clinical outcomes. The integration and advancement of FLT3 TKI in AML treatment provided significant therapeutic improvement. However, due to the emergence of resistance mechanisms, FLT3-ITD+ AML remains a clinical challenge. We performed an unbiased drug screen to identify 18 compounds as particularly efficacious against FLT3-ITD+ AML. Among these, we characterized two investigational compounds, WS6 and ispinesib, and two approved drugs, ponatinib and cabozantinib, in depth. We found that WS6, although not yet investigated in oncology, shows a similar mechanism and potency as ponatinib and cabozantinib. Interestingly, ispinesib and cabozantinib prevent activation of AXL, a key driver and mechanism of drug resistance in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients. We further investigated synergies between the selected compounds and found that combination treatment with ispinesib and cabozantinib or ponatinib shows high synergy in FLT3-ITD+ AML cell lines and patient samples. Together, we suggest WS6, ispinesib, ponatinib and cabozantinib as novel options for targeting FLT3-ITD+ AML. Whether combinatorial tyrosine kinase and kinesin spindle blockade is effective in eradicating neoplastic (stem) cells in FLT3-ITD+ AML remains to be determined in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bregante
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Schönbichler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniel Pölöske
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Lina Degenfeld-Schonburg
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.); (E.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Garazi Monzó Contreras
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.); (E.H.); (P.V.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada;
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.); (E.H.); (P.V.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
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16
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Guido BC, Brandão DC, Barbosa ALA, Vianna MJX, Faro L, Ramos LM, Nihi F, de Castro MB, Neto BAD, Corrêa JR, Báo SN. Exploratory comparisons between different anti-mitotics in clinically-used drug combination in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1920-1936. [PMID: 34548908 PMCID: PMC8448514 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes a very aggressive type of breast cancer with few options of cytotoxic chemotherapy available for them. A chemotherapy regimen comprising of doxorubicin hydrochloride and cyclophosphamide, followed by paclitaxel, known as AC-T, is approved for usage as an adjuvant treatment for this type of breast cancer. In this study we aimed to elucidate the role of KIF11 in TNBC progression throughout its inhibition by two synthetic small molecules containing the DHPM core (dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones or -thiones), with the hypothesis that these inhibitors could be an interesting option of antimitotic drug used alone or as adjuvant therapy in association with AC. For this purpose, we evaluated the efficacy of DHPMs used as monotherapy or in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, in Balbc-nude mice bearing breast cancer induced by MDA-MB-231, having AC-T as positive control. Our data provide extensive evidence to demonstrate that KIF11 inhibitors showed pronounced antitumor activity, acting in key points of tumorigenesis and cancer progression in in vivo xenograft model of triple negative breast cancer, like down-regulation of KIF11 and ALDH1-A1. Moreover, they didn’t show the classic peripheral neuropathy characterized by impaired mobility, as it is common with paclitaxel use. These results suggest that the use of a MAP inhibitor in breast cancer regimen treatment could be a promising strategy to keep antitumoral activity reducing the side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cândido Guido
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas Cardoso Brandão
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Augusto Barbosa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Monique Jacob Xavier Vianna
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Faro
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Machado Ramos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Syntesis, Exact and Technological Sciences Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Nihi
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília 70904-900, Brazil
| | - José Raimundo Corrêa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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17
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Murase Y, Ono H, Ogawa K, Yoshioka R, Ishikawa Y, Ueda H, Akahoshi K, Ban D, Kudo A, Tanaka S, Tanabe M. Inhibitor library screening identifies ispinesib as a new potential chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancers. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4641-4654. [PMID: 34510663 PMCID: PMC8586681 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening custom‐made libraries of inhibitors may reveal novel drugs for treating pancreatic cancer. In this manner, we identified ispinesib as a candidate and attempted to determine its clinical efficacy and the biological significance of its functional target Eg5 in pancreatic cancer. One hundred compounds in our library were screened for candidate drugs using cell cytotoxicity assays. Ispinesib was found to mediate effective antitumor effects in pancreatic cancer. The clinical significance of the expression of the ispinesib target Eg5 was investigated in 165 pancreatic cancer patients by immunohistochemical staining and in Eg5‐positive pancreatic cancer patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Patients with Eg5‐positive tumors experienced significantly poorer clinical outcomes than those not expressing Eg5 (overall survival; P < .01, recurrence‐free survival; P < .01). Ispinesib or Eg5 inhibition with specific siRNA significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, ispinesib acted by inducing incomplete mitosis with nuclear disruption, resulting in multinucleated monoastral spindle cells. In the PDX mouse model, ispinesib dramatically reduced tumor growth relative to vehicle control (652.2 mm3 vs 18.1 mm3 in mean tumor volume, P < .01 by ANOVA; 545 mg vs 28 mg in tumor weight, P < .01, by ANOVA). Ispinesib, identified by inhibitor library screening, could be a promising novel therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. The expression of its target Eg5 is associated with poorer postoperative prognosis and is important for the clinical efficacy of ispinesib in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Murase
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Yoshioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ishikawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Abdalha AA, Hekal MH. An efficient synthesis and evaluation of some novel quinazolinone-pyrazole hybrids as potential antiproliferative agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1939058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaal A. Abdalha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Hekal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Lin Y, He SF, Geng H, Xiao YC, Ji KL, Zheng JF, Huang PQ. Chemoselective Reactions of Isocyanates with Secondary Amides: One-Pot Construction of 2,3-Dialkyl-Substituted Quinazolinones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5345-5353. [PMID: 33710879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile method for the preparation of 2,3-dialkyl-substituted quinazolinones from readily available N-arylamides and commercial isocyanates was developed. This one-pot procedure involves the chemoselective activation of the secondary amide with Tf2O/2-Br-Pyr, the sequential addition of isocyanate, and cyclization. The mild reaction is general for a wide range of substrates and can be run on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Fan He
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kan-Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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20
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KIF11 inhibitors filanesib and ispinesib inhibit meningioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:1-10. [PMID: 33652084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of aggressive meningiomas remains challenging due to a high rate of recurrence in higher-grade meningiomas, frequent subtotal resections, and the lack of effective systemic treatments. Substantial overexpression associated with a poor prognosis has been demonstrated for kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) in high-grade meningiomas. Due to anti-tumor activity for KIF11 inhibitors (KIF11i) filanesib and ispinesib in other cancer types, we sought to investigate their mode of action and efficacy for the treatment of aggressive meningiomas. Dose curve analysis of both KIF11i revealed IC50 values of less than 1 nM in anaplastic and benign meningioma cell lines. Both compounds induced G2/M arrest and subsequent subG1 increase in all cell lines. Profound induction of apoptosis was detected in the anaplastic cell lines determined by annexin V staining. KIF11i significantly inhibited meningioma growth in xenotransplanted mice by up to 83%. Furthermore, both drugs induced minor hematological side effects, which were less pronounced for filanesib. We identified substantial in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of the KIF11 inhibitors filanesib and ispinesib, with filanesib demonstrating better tolerability, suggesting future use of filanesib for the treatment of aggressive meningioma.
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21
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Liu J, Tian Y, Yi L, Gao Z, Lou M, Yuan K. High KIF11 expression is associated with poor outcome of NSCLC. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 108:40-46. [PMID: 33554761 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620988342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the correlation between KIF11 (kinesin family member 11) and clinicopathologic characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify the prognostic value of KIF11 in patients with NSCLC. METHODS For investigating the expression of KIF11 in NSCLC, two tissue microarrays (TMAs: one contained 60 paired NSCLC tissues and paratumor tissues, the other contained 140 NSCLC tissues and 10 normal lung tissues) were constructed, stained, and scored. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were used to explore the differential expression level of KIF11 between NSCLC and paratumor. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and multivariate analysis were carried out. RESULTS The staining of KIF11 mainly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Its expression was higher in NSCLC than paratumor cells, and similar results were obtained from TCGA datasets. We found that high expression of KIF11 had a significant correlation with lymph node metastases (p = 0.024) and pathologic stage (p = 0.018); that significant difference was not found in any other clinicopathologic characteristic. As univariate and multivariate analysis showed, KIF11 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival time of NSCLC (p = 0.002, p = 0.025, respectively). High KIF11 expression was found to significantly associate with overall survival of stage II-III (p = 0.001) and lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION High KIF11 expression predicts poor outcome in NSCLC. KIF11 is expected to be a viable prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yubin Tian
- School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Yi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhaojia Gao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ming Lou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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22
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Fujiyuki T, Amagai Y, Shoji K, Kuraishi T, Sugai A, Awano M, Sato H, Hattori S, Yoneda M, Kai C. Recombinant SLAMblind Measles Virus Is a Promising Candidate for Nectin-4-Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 19:127-135. [PMID: 33145396 PMCID: PMC7585052 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most refractory breast cancer types is triple negative (TN) breast cancer, in which cells are resistant to both hormone and Herceptin treatments and, thus, often cause recurrence and metastasis. Effective treatments are needed to treat TN breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that rMV-SLAMblind, a recombinant measles virus, showed anti-tumor activity against breast cancer cells. Here, we examined whether rMV-SLAMblind is effective for treating TN breast cancer. Nectin-4, a receptor for rMV-SLAMblind, was expressed on the surface of 75% of the analyzed TN breast cancer cell lines. rMV-SLAMblind infected the nectin-4-expressing TN breast cancer cell lines, and significantly decreased the viability in half of the analyzed cell lines in vitro. Additionally, intratumoral injection of rMV-SLAMblind suppressed tumor growth in xenografts of MDA-MB-468 and HCC70 cells. To assess treatment for metastatic breast cancer, we performed intravenous administration of the luciferase-expressing-rMV-SLAMblind to MDA xenografted mice. Virus replicated in the tumor and resulted in significant suppression of the tumor growth. The safety of the virus was tested by its intravenous injection into healthy cynomolgus monkeys, which did not cause any measles-like symptoms. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent for treating metastatic and/or TN type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuraishi
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 802 Tean-Sude, Setouchisho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima 894-1531, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sugai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Awano
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shosaku Hattori
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 802 Tean-Sude, Setouchisho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima 894-1531, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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23
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Plescia F, Maggio B, Daidone G, Raffa D. 4-(3H)-quinazolinones N-3 substituted with a five membered heterocycle: A promising scaffold towards bioactive molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113070. [PMID: 33309162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The quinazolinone nucleus represents, among the class of fused heterocycles, a very important scaffold to obtain molecules with biological activities. A review of literature revealed how such kind of fused heterocycles, coming from natural or synthetic source, are associated with a wide range of biological activities. This review is mainly directed towards the 4-(3H)-quinazolinones N-3 substituted with a five membered heterocycle in which all the possible combinations of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen atoms are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Plescia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche - Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche - Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daidone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche - Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Demetrio Raffa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche - Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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24
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Łomzik M, Hanif M, Budniok A, Błauż A, Makal A, Tchoń DM, Leśniewska B, Tong KKH, Movassaghi S, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Zafar A, Reynisson J, Rychlik B, Hartinger CG, Plażuk D. Metal-Dependent Cytotoxic and Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitory Activity of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir Half-Sandwich Complexes of Ispinesib-Derived Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14879-14890. [PMID: 33003697 PMCID: PMC7584371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ispinesib is a potent inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), which has been identified as a promising target for antimitotic anticancer drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis of half-sandwich complexes of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir bearing the ispinesib-derived N,N-bidentate ligands (R)- and (S)-2-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-benzyl-7-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one and studies on their chemical and biological properties. Using the enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-forms of the ligand, depending on the organometallic moiety, either the SM,R or RM,S diastereomers, respectively, were observed in the molecular structures of the Ru- and Os(cym) (cym = η6-p-cymene) compounds, whereas the RM,R or SM,S diastereomers were found for the Rh- and Ir(Cp*) (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) derivatives. However, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the energy difference between the diastereomers is very small, and therefore a mixture of both will be present in solution. The organometallics exhibited varying antiproliferative activity in a series of human cancer cell lines, with the complexes featuring the (R)-enantiomer of the ligand being more potent than the (S)-configured counterparts. Notably, the Rh and Ir complexes demonstrated high KSP inhibitory activity, even at 1 nM concentration, which was independent of the chirality of the ligand, whereas the Ru and especially the Os derivatives were much less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Aleksandra Budniok
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel M Tchoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1 K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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25
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Karasala BK, Gollamudi P, Inkollu B, Vidavalur S. A Metal- and Ligand-Free Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via a Bu4NI/TBHP-Mediated Oxidative Cleavage of the Olefinic C=C Bond. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020080163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Algarín EM, Hernández-García S, Garayoa M, Ocio EM. Filanesib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:5-14. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Hernández-García
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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27
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Antiproliferative S-Trityl-l-Cysteine -Derived Compounds as SIRT2 Inhibitors: Repurposing and Solubility Enhancement. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183295. [PMID: 31510043 PMCID: PMC6766826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) is a well-recognized lead compound known for its anticancer activity owing to its potent inhibitory effect on human mitotic kinesin Eg5. STLC contains two free terminal amino and carboxyl groups that play pivotal roles in binding to the Eg5 pocket. On the other hand, such a zwitterion structure complicates the clinical development of STLC because of the solubility issues. Masking either of these radicals reduces or abolishes STLC activity against Eg5. We recently identified and characterized a new class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase isoform 2 of sirtuin protein (SIRT2) inhibitors that can be utilized as cytotoxic agents based on an S-trityl-l-histidine scaffold. Herein, we propose new STLC-derived compounds that possess pronounced SIRT2 inhibition effects. These derivatives contain modified amino and carboxyl groups, which conferred STLC with SIRT2 bioactivity, representing an explicit repurposing approach. Compounds STC4 and STC11 exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 10.8 ± 1.9 and 9.5 ± 1.2 μM, respectively, against SIRT2. Additionally, introduction of the derivatizations in this study addressed the solubility limitations of free STLC, presumably due to interruption of the zwitterion structure. Therefore, we could obtain drug-like STLC derivatives that work by a new mechanism of action. The new derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their structure was confirmed using different spectroscopic approaches. In vitro and cellular bioassays with various cancer cell lines and in silico molecular docking and solubility calculations of the synthesized compounds demonstrated that they warrant attention for further refinement of their bioactivity.
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28
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Egbert M, Whitty A, Keserű GM, Vajda S. Why Some Targets Benefit from beyond Rule of Five Drugs. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10005-10025. [PMID: 31188592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Beyond rule-of-five (bRo5) compounds are increasingly used in drug discovery. Here we analyze 37 target proteins that have bRo5 drugs or clinical candidates. Targets can benefit from bRo5 drugs if they have "complex" hot spot structure with four or more hots spots, including some strong ones. Complex I targets show positive correlation between binding affinity and molecular weight. These targets are conventionally druggable, but reaching additional hot spots enables improved pharmaceutical properties. Complex II targets, mostly protein kinases, also have strong hot spots but show no correlation between affinity and ligand molecular weight, and the primary motivation for creating larger drugs is to increase selectivity. Each target considered as complex III has some specific reason for requiring bRo5 drugs. Finally, targets with "simple" hot spot structure, i.e., three or fewer weak hot spots, must use larger compounds that interact with surfaces beyond the hot spot region to achieve acceptable affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Egbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Adrian Whitty
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group , Research Center for Natural Sciences , Magyar Tudósok krt. 2 , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sandor Vajda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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29
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Henriques AC, Ribeiro D, Pedrosa J, Sarmento B, Silva PMA, Bousbaa H. Mitosis inhibitors in anticancer therapy: When blocking the exit becomes a solution. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:64-81. [PMID: 30312726 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) remain amongst the most important antimitotic drugs used against a broad range of malignancies. By perturbing spindle assembly, MTAs activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which induces mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis. However, besides toxic side effects and resistance, mitotic slippage and failure in triggering apoptosis in various cancer cells are limiting factors of MTAs efficacy. Alternative strategies to target mitosis without affecting microtubules have, thus, led to the identification of small molecules, such as those that target spindle Kinesins, Aurora and Polo-like kinases. Unfortunately, these so-called second-generation of antimitotics, encompassing mitotic blockers and mitotic drivers, have failed in clinical trials. Our recent understanding regarding the mechanisms of cell death during a mitotic arrest pointed out apoptosis as the main variable, providing an opportunity to control the cell fates and influence the effectiveness of antimitotics. Here, we provide an overview on the second-generation of antimitotics, and discuss possible strategies that exploit SAC activity, mitotic slippage/exit and apoptosis induction, in order to improve the efficacy of anticancer strategies that target mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Henriques
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Pedrosa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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30
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Kinesins: Motor Proteins as Novel Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3854-3864. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Lorz A, Botesteanu DA, Levy D. Universal response in the RKO colon cancer cell line to distinct antimitotic therapies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8979. [PMID: 29895957 PMCID: PMC5997697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both classic and newer antimitotics commonly induce a prolonged mitotic arrest in cell culture. During arrest, cells predominantly undergo one of two fates: cell death by apoptosis, or mitotic slippage and survival. To refine this binary description, a quantitative understanding of these cell responses is needed. Herein, we propose a quantitative description of the kinetics of colon carcinoma RKO cell fates in response to different antimitotics, using data from the single cell experiments of Gascoigne and Taylor (2008). The mathematical model is calibrated using the in vitro experiments of Gascoigne and Taylor (2008). We show that the time-dependent probability of cell death or slippage is universally identical for monastrol, nocodazole and two different doses of AZ138, but significantly different for taxol. Death and slippage responses across drugs can be characterized by Gamma distributions. We demonstrate numerically that these rates increase with prolonged mitotic arrest. Our model demonstrates that RKO cells exhibit a triphasic response - first, remain in mitosis, then undergo fast and slow transition, respectively- dependent on the length of mitotic arrest and irrespective of cell fate, drug type or dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lorz
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité mixte de recherche 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France
| | - Dana-Adriana Botesteanu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Discovery ADME, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doron Levy
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
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32
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Shi J, Mitchison TJ. Cell death response to anti-mitotic drug treatment in cell culture, mouse tumor model and the clinic. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T83-T96. [PMID: 28249963 PMCID: PMC5557680 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anti-mitotic cancer drugs include classic microtubule-targeting drugs, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, and the newer spindle-targeting drugs, such as inhibitors of the motor protein; Kinesin-5 (aka KSP, Eg5, KIF11); and Aurora-A, Aurora-B and Polo-like kinases. Microtubule-targeting drugs are among the first line of chemotherapies for a wide spectrum of cancers, but patient responses vary greatly. We still lack understanding of how these drugs achieve a favorable therapeutic index, and why individual patient responses vary. Spindle-targeting drugs have so far shown disappointing results in the clinic, but it is possible that certain patients could benefit if we understand their mechanism of action better. Pre-clinical data from both cell culture and mouse tumor models showed that the cell death response is the most variable point of the drug action. Hence, in this review we focus on current mechanistic understanding of the cell death response to anti-mitotics. We first draw on extensive results from cell culture studies, and then cross-examine them with the more limited data from animal tumor models and the clinic. We end by discussing how cell type variation in cell death response might be harnessed to improve anti-mitotic chemotherapy by better patient stratification, new drug combinations and identification of novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Shi
- Department of Physics and Department of BiologyCenter for Quantitative Systems Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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33
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Teicher BA, Silvers T, Selby M, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Parchment R, Krushkal J, Sonkin D, Rubinstein L, Morris J, Evans D. Small cell lung carcinoma cell line screen of etoposide/carboplatin plus a third agent. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1952-1964. [PMID: 28766886 PMCID: PMC5548882 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The SCLC combination screen examined a 9-point concentration response of 180 third agents, alone and in combination with etoposide/carboplatin. The predominant effect of adding a third agent to etoposide/carboplatin was additivity. Less than additive effects occurred frequently in SCLC lines sensitive to etoposide/carboplatin. In SCLC lines with little or no response to etoposide/carboplatin, greater than additive SCLC killing occurred over the entire spectrum of SCLC lines but never occurred in all SCLC lines. Exposing SCLC lines to tubulin-targeted agents (paclitaxel or vinorelbine) simultaneously with etoposide/carboplatin resulted primarily in less than additive cell killing. As single agents, nuclear kinase inhibitors including Aurora kinase inhibitors, Kinesin Spindle Protein/EG5 inhibitors, and Polo-like kinase-1 inhibitors were potent cytotoxic agents in SCLC lines; however, simultaneous exposure of the SCLC lines to these agents along with etoposide/carboplatin, generally, resulted in less than additive cell killing. Several classes of agents enhanced the cytotoxicity of etoposide/carboplatin toward the SCLC lines. Exposure of the SCLC lines to the MDM2 inhibitor JNJ-27291199 produced enhanced killing in 80% of the SCLC lines. Chk-1 inhibitors such as rabusertib increased the cytotoxicity of etoposide/carboplatin to the SCLC lines in an additive to greater than additive manner. The combination of GSK-3β inhibitor LY-2090314 with etoposide/carboplatin increased killing in approximately 40% of the SCLC lines. Exposure to the BET bromodomain inhibitor MK-8628 increased the SCLC cell killing by etoposide/carboplatin in 20-25% of the SCLC lines. Only 10-15% of the SCLC lines had an increased response to etoposide/carboplatin when simultaneously exposed to the PARP inhibitor talazoparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A. Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Ralph Parchment
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Dmitriy Sonkin
- Biometric Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - David Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
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34
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Hudwekar AD, Reddy GL, Verma PK, Gupta S, Vishwakarma RA, Sawant SD. Transition Metal-free Single Step Approach for Arylated Pyrazolopyrimidinones and Quinazolinones Using Benzylamines/Benzylalcohols/Benzaldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan D. Hudwekar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
| | - G. Lakshma Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
| | - Praveen K. Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
| | - Sorav Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
| | - Sanghapal D. Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
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Ma Z, Parris AB, Xiao Z, Howard EW, Kosanke SD, Feng X, Yang X. Short-term early exposure to lapatinib confers lifelong protection from mammary tumor development in MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:6. [PMID: 28061785 PMCID: PMC5217213 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chemopreventative agents targeting the estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) pathway have been effective for ER+ breast cancers, prevention of hormone receptor-negative breast cancers, such as Her2/erbB-2+ breast cancers, remains a significant issue. Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of EGFR/erbB-2-targeting lapatinib to MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice inhibited mammary tumor development. The prevention, however, was achieved by prolonged high dose exposure. The tolerance to high dose/long-term drug administration may hinder its potential in clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to test a novel, short-term chemopreventative strategy using lapatinib during the premalignant risk window in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. METHODS We initially treated cultured cells with lapatinib to explore the anti-proliferative effects of lapatinib in vitro. We used a syngeneic tumor graft model to begin exploring the in vivo anti-tumorigenic effects of lapatinib in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. Then, we tested the efficacy of brief exposure to lapatinib (100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks), beginning at 16 weeks of age, in the prevention of mammary tumor development in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. RESULTS In the syngeneic tumor transplant model, we determined that lapatinib significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that short-term lapatinib exposure resulted in life-long protective effects, as supported by increased tumor latency in lapatinib-treated mice compared to the control mice. We further established that delayed tumor development in the treated mice was preceded by decreased BrdU nuclear incorporation and inhibited mammary morphogenesis. Molecular analysis indicated that lapatinib inhibited phosphorylation and expression of EGFR, erbB-3, erbB-2, Akt1, and Erk1/2 in premalignant mammary tissues. Also, lapatinib drastically inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of ERα and the transcription of ER target genes in premalignant mammary tissues. We also determined that lapatinib suppressed the stemness of breast cancer cell lines, as evidenced by decreased tumorsphere formation and ALDH+ cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that brief treatment with EGFR/erbB-2-targeting agents before the onset of tumors may provide lifelong protection from mammary tumors, through the concurrent inhibition of erbB-2 and ER signaling pathways and consequential reprogramming. Our findings support further clinical testing to explore the benefit of shorter lapatinib exposure in the prevention of erbB-2-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Zhengzheng Xiao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Erin W Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Stanley D Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Feng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA. .,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Tan X, Banerjee P, Guo HF, Ireland S, Pankova D, Ahn YH, Nikolaidis IM, Liu X, Zhao Y, Xue Y, Burns AR, Roybal J, Gibbons DL, Zal T, Creighton CJ, Ungar D, Wang Y, Kurie JM. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives a pro-metastatic Golgi compaction process through scaffolding protein PAQR11. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:117-131. [PMID: 27869652 DOI: 10.1172/jci88736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells gain metastatic capacity through a Golgi phosphoprotein 3-dependent (GOLPH3-dependent) Golgi membrane dispersal process that drives the budding and transport of secretory vesicles. Whether Golgi dispersal underlies the pro-metastatic vesicular trafficking that is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. Here, we have shown that, rather than causing Golgi dispersal, EMT led to the formation of compact Golgi organelles with improved ribbon linking and cisternal stacking. Ectopic expression of the EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1 stimulated Golgi compaction and relieved microRNA-mediated repression of the Golgi scaffolding protein PAQR11. Depletion of PAQR11 dispersed Golgi organelles and impaired anterograde vesicle transport to the plasma membrane as well as retrograde vesicle tethering to the Golgi. The N-terminal scaffolding domain of PAQR11 was associated with key regulators of Golgi compaction and vesicle transport in pull-down assays and was required to reconstitute Golgi compaction in PAQR11-deficient tumor cells. Finally, high PAQR11 levels were correlated with EMT and shorter survival in human cancers, and PAQR11 was found to be essential for tumor cell migration and metastasis in EMT-driven lung adenocarcinoma models. We conclude that EMT initiates a PAQR11-mediated Golgi compaction process that drives metastasis.
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Xiao YX, Yang WX. KIFC1: a promising chemotherapy target for cancer treatment? Oncotarget 2016; 7:48656-48670. [PMID: 27102297 PMCID: PMC5217046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinesin motor KIFC1 has been suggested as a potential chemotherapy target due to its critical role in clustering of the multiple centrosomes found in cancer cells. In this regard, KIFC1 seems to be non-essential in normal somatic cells which usually possess only two centrosomes. Moreover, KIFC1 is also found to initiatively drive tumor malignancy and metastasis by stabilizing a certain degree of genetic instability, delaying cell cycle and protecting cancer cell surviving signals. However, that KIFC1 also plays roles in other specific cell types complicates the question of whether it is a promising chemotherapy target for cancer treatment. For example, KIFC1 is found functionally significant in vesicular and organelle trafficking, spermiogenesis, oocyte development, embryo gestation and double-strand DNA transportation. In this review we summarize a recent collection of information so as to provide a generalized picture of ideas and mechanisms against and in favor of KIFC1 as a chemotherapy target. And we also drew the conclusion that KIFC1 is a promising chemotherapy target for some types of cancers, because the side-effects of inhibiting KIFC1 mentioned in this review are theoretically easy to avoid, while KIFC1 is functionally indispensable during mitosis and malignancy of multi-centrosome cancer cells. Further investigations of how KIFC1 is regulated throughout the mitosis in cancer cells are needed for the understanding of the pathways where KIFC1 is involved and for further exploitation of indirect KIFC1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Xiao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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The kinesin Eg5 inhibitor K858 induces apoptosis but also survivin-related chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:399-406. [PMID: 26994617 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein Eg5 are characterized by pronounced antitumor activity. Our group has recently synthesized and screened a library of 1,3,4-thiadiazoline analogues with the pharmacophoric structure of K858, an Eg5 inhibitor. We herein report the effects of K858 on four different breast cancer cell lines: MCF7 (luminal A), BT474 (luminal B), SKBR3 (HER2 like) and MDA-MB231 (basal like). We demonstrated that K858 displayed anti-proliferative activity on every analyzed breast cancer cell line by inducing apoptosis. However, at the same time, we showed that K858 up-regulated survivin, an anti-apoptotic molecule. We then performed a negative regulation of survivin expression, with the utilization of wortmannin, an AKT inhibitor, and obtained a significant increase of K858-dependent apoptosis. These data demonstrate that K858 is a potent inhibitor of replication and induces apoptosis in breast tumor cells, independently from the tumor phenotype. This anti-proliferative response of tumor cells to K858 can be limited by the contemporaneous over-expression of survivin; consequently, the reduction of survivin levels, obtained with AKT inhibitors, can sensitize tumor cells to K858-induced apoptosis.
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Shinde MH, Kshirsagar UA. A copper catalyzed multicomponent cascade redox reaction for the synthesis of quinazolinones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A copper catalyzed multicomponent cascade redox reaction for the synthesis of various quinazolinones starting from easily available 2-bromobenzamides, benzylic alcohols and sodium azide as a nitrogen source has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh H. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly: University of Pune)
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Umesh A. Kshirsagar
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly: University of Pune)
- Pune-411007
- India
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Chittajallu DR, Florian S, Kohler RH, Iwamoto Y, Orth JD, Weissleder R, Danuser G, Mitchison TJ. In vivo cell-cycle profiling in xenograft tumors by quantitative intravital microscopy. Nat Methods 2015; 12:577-85. [PMID: 25867850 PMCID: PMC4579269 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of cell-cycle state at a single-cell level is essential to understand fundamental three-dimensional (3D) biological processes such as tissue development and cancer. Analysis of 3D in vivo images, however, is very challenging. Today's best practice, manual annotation of select image events, generates arbitrarily sampled data distributions, which are unsuitable for reliable mechanistic inferences. Here, we present an integrated workflow for quantitative in vivo cell-cycle profiling. It combines image analysis and machine learning methods for automated 3D segmentation and cell-cycle state identification of individual cell-nuclei with widely varying morphologies embedded in complex tumor environments. We applied our workflow to quantify cell-cycle effects of three antimitotic cancer drugs over 8 d in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma xenografts in living mice using a data set of 38,000 cells and compared the induced phenotypes. In contrast to results with 2D culture, observed mitotic arrest was relatively low, suggesting involvement of additional mechanisms in their antitumor effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Florian
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D Orth
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- 1] Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chattopadhyay S, Stewart AL, Mukherjee S, Huang C, Hartwell KA, Miller PG, Subramanian R, Carmody LC, Yusuf RZ, Sykes DB, Paulk J, Vetere A, Vallet S, Santo L, Cirstea DD, Hideshima T, Dančík V, Majireck MM, Hussain MM, Singh S, Quiroz R, Iaconelli J, Karmacharya R, Tolliday NJ, Clemons PA, Moore MAS, Stern AM, Shamji AF, Ebert BL, Golub TR, Raje NS, Scadden DT, Schreiber SL. Niche-Based Screening in Multiple Myeloma Identifies a Kinesin-5 Inhibitor with Improved Selectivity over Hematopoietic Progenitors. Cell Rep 2015; 10:755-770. [PMID: 25660025 PMCID: PMC4524791 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required for multiple myeloma (MM). We used a phenotypic screening approach using co-cultures of MM cells with bone marrow stromal cells to identify compounds that overcome stromal resistance. One such compound, BRD9876, displayed selectivity over normal hematopoietic progenitors and was discovered to be an unusual ATP non-competitive kinesin-5 (Eg5) inhibitor. A novel mutation caused resistance, suggesting a binding site distinct from known Eg5 inhibitors, and BRD9876 inhibited only microtubule-bound Eg5. Eg5 phosphorylation, which increases microtubule binding, uniquely enhanced BRD9876 activity. MM cells have greater phosphorylated Eg5 than hematopoietic cells, consistent with increased vulnerability specifically to BRD9876's mode of action. Thus, differences in Eg5-microtubule binding between malignant and normal blood cells may be exploited to treat multiple myeloma. Additional steps are required for further therapeutic development, but our results indicate that unbiased chemical biology approaches can identify therapeutic strategies unanticipated by prior knowledge of protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanta Chattopadhyay
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alison L Stewart
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cherrie Huang
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Peter G Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Leigh C Carmody
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rushdia Z Yusuf
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joshiawa Paulk
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sonia Vallet
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Loredana Santo
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Max M Majireck
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mahmud M Hussain
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shambhavi Singh
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan Quiroz
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Nicola J Tolliday
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Malcolm A S Moore
- Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alykhan F Shamji
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Hill DE, Vasdev N, Holland JP. Evaluating the accuracy of density functional theory for calculating 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in drug molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Computational analysis of image-based drug profiling predicts synergistic drug combinations: applications in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1548-60. [PMID: 24997502 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An imaged-based profiling and analysis system was developed to predict clinically effective synergistic drug combinations that could accelerate the identification of effective multi-drug therapies for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and other challenging malignancies. The identification of effective drug combinations for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was achieved by integrating high-content screening, computational analysis, and experimental biology. The approach was based on altered cellular phenotypes induced by 55 FDA-approved drugs and biologically active compounds, acquired using fluorescence microscopy and retained in multivariate compound profiles. Dissimilarities between compound profiles guided the identification of 5 combinations, which were assessed for qualitative interaction on TNBC cell growth. The combination of the microtubule-targeting drug vinblastine with KSP/Eg5 motor protein inhibitors monastrol or ispinesib showed potent synergism in 3 independent TNBC cell lines, which was not substantiated in normal fibroblasts. The synergistic interaction was mediated by an increase in mitotic arrest with cells demonstrating typical ispinesib-induced monopolar mitotic spindles, which translated into enhanced apoptosis induction. The antitumour activity of the combination vinblastine/ispinesib was confirmed in an orthotopic mouse model of TNBC. Compared to single drug treatment, combination treatment significantly reduced tumour growth without causing increased toxicity. Image-based profiling and analysis led to the rapid discovery of a drug combination effective against TNBC in vitro and in vivo, and has the potential to lead to the development of new therapeutic options in other hard-to-treat cancers.
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Al-Astani Tengku Din TAD, Shamsuddin SH, Idris FM, Wan Mansor WNA, Abdul Jalal MI, Jaafar H. Rapamycin and PF4 Induce Apoptosis by Upregulating Bax and Down-Regulating Survivin in MNU-Induced Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3939-44. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ding S, Zhao Z, Sun D, Wu F, Bi D, Lu J, Xing N, Sun L, Wu H, Ding K. Eg5 inhibitor, a novel potent targeted therapy, induces cell apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7659-68. [PMID: 24801905 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is critical for mitosis and overexpressed in various malignant tumors, which has now been identified as a promising target in cancer therapy. However, the anti-cancer activity of Eg5 inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an open issue. In this paper, we evaluated, for the first time, the therapeutic benefit of blocking Eg5 by S-(methoxytrityl)-L-cysteine (S(MeO)TLC) in RCC both in vitro and vivo. The expression of Eg5 was examined in clinical tissue samples and various kidney cell lines, including 293T, 786-0, and OS-RC-2. The anti-proliferative activity of Eg5 inhibitors, (S)-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC) and S(MeO)TLC, was evaluated by a cell viability assay. An apoptosis assay with Hoechst nuclear staining and flow cytometry was applied to investigate the efficacy of the S(MeO)TLC, which is more potent than STLC. Immunofluorescence was used to research the possible mechanism. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed by using subcutaneous xenograft models, which were used to confirm its role as a potential anti-neoplastic drug. The Eg5 expression was detected in kidney cell lines and RCC tissues, which was low in normal kidney samples. STLC and S(MeO)TLC exhibited their optimal anti-proliferative activity in 72 h, and cells treated with S(MeO)TLC presented characteristic monoastral spindle phenotype in 24 h and apoptotic cells in 48 h. In vivo, S(MeO)TLC effectively suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. Inhibition of Eg5 represses the proliferation of RCC in vitro and in vivo. All these findings collectively demonstrate that S(MeO)TLC, a potent Eg5 inhibitor, is a promising anti-cancer agent for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sentai Ding
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China,
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Nyamaa B, Kim HK, Jeong YJ, Song IS, Han J. Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibition in Translational Research. J Lipid Atheroscler 2014. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2014.3.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bayalagmaa Nyamaa
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Holland JP, Kang A, Cohrs S, Selivanova SV, Milicevic Sephton S, Betzel T, Frey D, Wieser M, Jaussi R, Kammerer RA, Schibli R, Fischer E. Synthesis and evaluation of biphenyl compounds as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:538-55. [PMID: 23576341 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin spindle protein (KSP), an ATP-dependent motor protein, plays an essential role in bipolar spindle formation during the mitotic phase (M phase) of the normal cell cycle. KSP has emerged as a novel target for antimitotic anticancer drug development. In this work, we synthesized a range of new biphenyl compounds and investigated their properties in vitro as potential antimitotic agents targeting KSP expression. Antiproliferation (MTT (=3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide)) assays, combined with fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) and Western blot studies analyzing cell-cycle arrest confirmed the mechanism and potency of these biphenyl compounds in a range of human cancer cell lines. Structural variants revealed that functionalization of biphenyl compounds with bulky aliphatic or aromatic groups led to a loss of activity. However, replacement of the urea group with a thiourea led to an increase in antiproliferative activity in selected cell lines. Further studies using confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed that the most potent biphenyl derivative identified thus far, compound 7, exerts its pharmacologic effect specifically in the M phase and induces monoaster formation. These studies confirm that chemical scope remains for improving the potency and treatment efficacy of antimitotic KSP inhibition in this class of biphenyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Holland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston 02114, MA, USA.
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Salmela AL, Kallio MJ. Mitosis as an anti-cancer drug target. Chromosoma 2013; 122:431-49. [PMID: 23775312 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of cell proliferation by targeting mitosis is one potential cancer intervention. A number of existing chemotherapy drugs disrupt mitosis by targeting microtubule dynamics. While efficacious, these drugs have limitations, i.e. neuropathy, unpredictability and development of resistance. In order to overcome these issues, a great deal of effort has been spent exploring novel mitotic targets including Polo-like kinase 1, Aurora kinases, Mps1, Cenp-E and KSP/Eg5. Here we summarize the latest developments in the discovery and clinical evaluation of new mitotic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Leena Salmela
- VTT Biotechnology for Health and Wellbeing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4C, Pharmacity Bldg, 4th Floor, P.O. Box 106, 20521, Turku, Finland
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Jiang C, You Q. Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors in cancer: a patent review (2008 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1547-60. [PMID: 23978071 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.833606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) has emerged as a novel and validated therapeutic strategy against cancers. A lot of new KSP inhibitors have been identified in recent years and some of them have entered clinical trials. This may provide more selections in future cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors will describe the most recent classes of KSP inhibitors by reviewing about 96 literatures in which 24 patent applications were included from 2008 to now. EXPERT OPINION Many new KSP inhibitors have been discovered that act either by binding in an allosteric site of KSP or by ATP competitive inhibition. There are several ATP non-competitive KSP inhibitors entering clinical investigation. Although they were both well tolerated and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles, limited clinical response was always the problem. Mutation of the binding pocket was also a hindrance in the development of these allosteric inhibitors. The appearance of ATP competitive KSP inhibitors was considered to be able to overcome mutation-mediated resistance to the allosteric inhibitors, which could be a new approach for the development of novel KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , Nanjing 210009 , China
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Song H, Zhou S, Wang R, Li S. Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1736-49. [PMID: 23964020 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A diverse group of proteins, the activities of which are precisely orchestrated during mitosis, have emerged as targets for cancer therapeutics; these include the Aurora kinases (AKs), Polo-like kinases (PLKs), and the kinesin spindle protein (KSP). KSP is essential for the proper separation of spindle poles during mitosis. Agents that target KSP selectively act on cells undergoing cell division, which means that KSP inhibitors are mitosis-specific drugs, and have demonstrated remarkable activities in vitro. However, a significant obstacle to the success of KSP inhibitors is that these compounds, with tremendous efficacy in vitro, have demonstrated little or even no antitumor activity in vivo. Accumulated data suggest that a combination of KSP inhibitors with various cytostatic drugs will result in a more powerful tumor-killing effect than monotherapy. Combination therapies might predominate and represent the next frontier in the discovery research of KSP inhibitors as potential anticancer drugs. Few published studies have reviewed combination therapy using KSP inhibitors. Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on KSP inhibitor monotherapy and therapeutic combinations. The current state and problems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai (PR China)
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