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Cameron DP, Sornkom J, Alsahafi S, Drygin D, Poortinga G, McArthur GA, Hein N, Hannan R, Panov KI. CX-5461 Preferentially Induces Top2α-Dependent DNA Breaks at Ribosomal DNA Loci. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1514. [PMID: 39062087 PMCID: PMC11275095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are among the most effective tools to combat cancer, they are often associated with severe adverse effects caused by indiscriminate DNA damage in non-tumor tissue as well as increased risk of secondary carcinogenesis. This study builds on our previous work demonstrating that the RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcription inhibitor CX-5461 elicits a non-canonical DNA damage response and our discovery of a critical role for Topoisomerase 2α (Top2α) in the initiation of Pol I-dependent transcription. Here, we identify Top2α as a mediator of CX-5461 response in the murine Eµ-Myc B lymphoma model whereby sensitivity to CX-5461 is dependent on cellular Top2α expression/activity. Most strikingly, and in contrast to canonical Top2α poisons, we found that the Top2α-dependent DNA damage induced by CX-5461 is preferentially localized at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoter region, thereby highlighting CX-5461 as a loci-specific DNA damaging agent. This mechanism underpins the efficacy of CX-5461 against certain types of cancer and can be used to develop effective non-genotoxic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P. Cameron
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (D.P.C.); (N.H.)
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Jirawas Sornkom
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.S.); (G.P.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Sameerh Alsahafi
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Denis Drygin
- Pimera Therapeutics, 7875 Highland Village Place, Suite 412, San Diego, CA 92129, USA;
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Nadine Hein
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (D.P.C.); (N.H.)
| | - Ross Hannan
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (D.P.C.); (N.H.)
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Konstantin I. Panov
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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Singh Y, Bhatia N, Biharee A, Kulkarni S, Thareja S, Monga V. Developing our knowledge of the quinolone scaffold and its value to anticancer drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1151-1167. [PMID: 37592843 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2246366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quinolone scaffold is a bicyclic benzene-pyridinic ring scaffold with nitrogen at the first position and a carbonyl group at the second or fourth position. It is endowed with a diverse spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antitumor activity, and has progressed into various development phases of clinical trials for their target-specific anticancer activity. AREAS COVERED The present review covers both classes of quinolones, i.e. quinolin-2(H)-one and quinolin-4(H)-one as anticancer agents, along with their possible mode of binding. Furthermore, their structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic properties are also covered to provide insight into their structural requirements for their rational design as anticancer agents. EXPERT OPINION Synthetic feasibility and ease of derivatization at multiple positions, has allowed medicinal chemists to explore quinolones and their chemical diversity to discover newer anticancer agents. The presence of both hydrogen bond donor (-NH) and acceptor (-C=O) functionality in the basic scaffold at two different positions, has broadened the research scope. In particular, substitution at the -NH functionality of the quinolone motif has provided ample space for suitable functionalization and appropriate substitution at the quinolone's third, sixth, and seventh carbons, resulting in selective anticancer agents binding specifically with various drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Neha Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Avadh Biharee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Swedan HK, Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, Elmeligie SE. Topoisomerase II inhibitors design: Early studies and new perspectives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106548. [PMID: 37094479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are widely distributed throughout all spheres of life and are necessary for cell function. Numerous antibacterial and cancer chemotherapeutic drugs target the various topoisomerase enzymes because of their roles in maintaining DNA topology during DNA replication and transcription. Agents derived from natural products, like anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins and quinolones, have been widely used to treat a variety of cancers. A very active field of fundamental and clinical research is the selective targeting of topoisomerase II enzymes for cancer treatment. This thematic review summarizes the recent advances in the anticancer activity of the most potent topoisomerase II inhibitors (anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins and fluoroquinolones) their modes of action, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) organized chronologically in the last ten years from 2013 to 2023. The review also highlights the mechanism of action and SARs of promising new topoisomerase II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer K Swedan
- Central Administration of Research and Health Development, Ministry of Health, and Population (MoHP), Cairo P.O. Box 11516, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ehab M Gedawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
| | - Salwa E Elmeligie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
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Dube PS, Legoabe LJ, Beteck RM. Quinolone: a versatile therapeutic compound class. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10581-8. [PMID: 36527518 PMCID: PMC9758687 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of nalidixic acid is one pinnacle in medicinal chemistry, which opened a new area of research that has led to the discovery of several life-saving antimicrobial agents (generally referred to as fluoroquinolones) for over decades. Although fluoroquinolones are frequently encountered in the literature, the utility of quinolone compounds extends far beyond the applications of fluoroquinolones. Quinolone-based compounds have been reported for activity against malaria, tuberculosis, fungal and helminth infections, etc. Hence, the quinolone scaffold is of great interest to several researchers in diverse disciplines. This article highlights the versatility of the quinolone pharmacophore as a therapeutic agent beyond the fluoroquinolone profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phelelisiwe S. Dube
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
| | - Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
| | - Richard M. Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
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Aminoquinolones and Their Benzoquinone Dimer Hybrids as Modulators of Prion Protein Conversion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227935. [PMID: 36432036 PMCID: PMC9693643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prion Diseases or Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies are neurodegenerative conditions associated with a long incubation period and progressive clinical evolution, leading to death. Their pathogenesis is characterized by conformational changes of the cellular prion protein-PrPC-in its infectious isoform-PrPSc-which can form polymeric aggregates that precipitate in brain tissues. Currently, there are no effective treatments for these diseases. The 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone structure is associated with an anti-prion profile and, considering the biodynamic properties associated with 4-quinolones, in this work, 6-amino-4-quinolones derivatives and their respective benzoquinone dimeric hybrids were synthesized and had their bioactive profile evaluated through their ability to prevent prion conversion. Two hybrids, namely, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-bis((3-carboxy-1-pentyl-4-quinolone-6-yl)amino)-1,4-benzoquinone (8e) and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-bis((1-benzyl-3-carboxy-4-quinolone-6-yl)amino)-1,4-benzoquinone (8f), stood out for their prion conversion inhibition ability, affecting the fibrillation process in both the kinetics-with a shortening of the lag phase-and thermodynamics and their ability to inhibit the formation of protein aggregates without significant cytotoxicity at ten micromolar.
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Abdel-Aziz SA, Taher ES, Lan P, Asaad GF, Gomaa HAM, El-Koussi NA, Youssif BGM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives bearing 1,3-thiazole moiety as novel anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitors with cardiac safety profile. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104890. [PMID: 33872924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives 8a-p carrying the 1,3-thiazole moiety has been designed and synthesized as novel anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitors with cardiac and gastric safety profiles. 8a-p have been assessed for their inhibitory activity against COX-1/COX-2 activity. Compounds 8h, 8n, and 8p were found to be potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors (IC50 = 1.03-1.71 μM) relative to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.88 μM). The most potent COX-2 inhibitors have been further investigated for their in-vivo anti-inflammatory effect. Compounds 8h, 8n, and 8p showed anti-inflammatory activity up to 90%, 94% and 86% of meloxicam after 4 h interval. 8h, 8n, and 8p showed higher gastric safety profiles than meloxicam. A substantial reduction in serum concentrations of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, iNO and MDA and a significant induction of TAC was also observed. In vivo experiments on heart rate and blood pressure established the cardiovascular safety profile of 8h, 8n, and 8p. Anti-proliferative and wild-type EGFR inhibitory assays displayed similar results to selective COX-2 inhibition where compounds 8h, 8n, and 8p had a superior inhibition than other tested ones. Molecular docking study demonstrated that these compounds revealed similar orientation and binding interactions as selective COX-2 inhibitors with a higher liability to enter the side pocket selectively. Also, they interacted with EGFR tyrosine kinase main amino acids similar to erlotinib with a strong binding energy score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ehab S Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza, Egypt
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A El-Koussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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Abdel-Aal MAA, Shaykoon MSA, Abuo-Rahma GEDAA, Mohamed MFA, Badr M, Abdel-Aziz SA. Synthesis, antitumor, antibacterial and urease inhibitory evaluation of new piperazinyl N-4 carbamoyl functionalized ciprofloxacin derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:891-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Douara B, Manachou M, Merabet N, Boughdiri S, Belkhiri L. Experimental and theoretical study of quinoline derivatives obtained by slight modifications of the standard skraup reaction. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Peeters S, Berntsen LN, Rongved P, Bonge-Hansen T. Cyclopropanation–ring expansion of 3-chloroindoles with α-halodiazoacetates: novel synthesis of 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid and norfloxacin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2156-2160. [PMID: 31579067 PMCID: PMC6753669 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a short and efficient way of synthesizing two synthetically versatile 4-quinolone-3-carboxylate building blocks by cyclopropanation-ring expansion of 3-chloroindoles with α-halodiazoacetates as the key step. This novel transformation was applied towards the synthesis of the antibiotic drug norfloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Neerbye Berntsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rongved
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Bonge-Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
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Mohammed HH, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Abbas SH, Abdelhafez ESM. Current Trends and Future Directions of Fluoroquinolones. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3132-3149. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones represent an interesting synthetic class of antimicrobial agents with broad spectrum and potent activity. Since the discovery of nalidixic acid, the prototype of quinolones, several structural modifications to the quinolone nucleus have been carried out for improvement of potency, spectrum of activity, and to understand their structure activity relationship (SAR). The C-7 substituent was reported to have a major impact on the activity. Accordingly, Substitution at C-7 or its N-4-piperazinyl moiety was found to affect potency, bioavailability, and physicochemical properties. Also, it can increase the affinity towards mammalian topoisomerases that may shift quinolones from antibacterial to anticancer candidates. Moreover, the presence of DNA topoisomerases in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells makes them excellent targets for chemotherapeutic intervention in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. Based on this concept, several fluoroquionolones derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as antibacterial, antituberculosis, antiproliferative, antiviral and antifungal agents. This review is an attempt to focus on the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolones with an updated account on their atypical applications such as antitubercular and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada H.H. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Samar H. Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Mohammed HH, Abdelhafez ESM, Abbas SH, Moustafa GA, Hauk G, Berger JM, Mitarai S, Arai M, Abd El-Baky RM, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Design, synthesis and molecular docking of new N-4-piperazinyl ciprofloxacin-triazole hybrids with potential antimicrobial activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Abdel‐Aal MAA, Abdel‐Aziz SA, Shaykoon MSA, Abuo‐Rahma GEA. Towards anticancer fluoroquinolones: A review article. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800376. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Abdel‐Aal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyMinia UniversityMinia Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar UniversityAssiut Egypt
| | - Salah A. Abdel‐Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar UniversityAssiut Egypt
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Zhao XL, Yu CZ. Vosaroxin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cervical cancer HeLa cells: Involvement of AMPK/Sirt3/HIF-1 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 290:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Gravina GL, Mancini A, Mattei C, Vitale F, Marampon F, Colapietro A, Rossi G, Ventura L, Vetuschi A, Di Cesare E, Fox JA, Festuccia C. Enhancement of radiosensitivity by the novel anticancer quinolone derivative vosaroxin in preclinical glioblastoma models. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29865-29886. [PMID: 28415741 PMCID: PMC5444710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. The activity of vosaroxin, a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, was investigated in GBM preclinical models as a single agent and combined with radiotherapy (RT). Results Vosaroxin showed antitumor activity in clonogenic survival assays, with IC50 of 10−100 nM, and demonstrated radiosensitization. Combined treatments exhibited significantly higher γH2Ax levels compared with controls. In xenograft models, vosaroxin reduced tumor growth and showed enhanced activity with RT; vosaroxin/RT combined was more effective than temozolomide/RT. Vosaroxin/RT triggered rapid and massive cell death with characteristics of necrosis. A minor proportion of treated cells underwent caspase-dependent apoptosis, in agreement with in vitro results. Vosaroxin/RT inhibited RT-induced autophagy, increasing necrosis. This was associated with increased recruitment of granulocytes, monocytes, and undifferentiated bone marrow–derived lymphoid cells. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed adequate blood-brain penetration of vosaroxin. Vosaroxin/RT increased disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) significantly compared with RT, vosaroxin alone, temozolomide, and temozolomide/RT in the U251-luciferase orthotopic model. Materials and Methods Cellular, molecular, and antiproliferative effects of vosaroxin alone or combined with RT were evaluated in 13 GBM cell lines. Tumor growth delay was determined in U87MG, U251, and T98G xenograft mouse models. (DFS) and (OS) were assessed in orthotopic intrabrain models using luciferase-transfected U251 cells by bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions Vosaroxin demonstrated significant activity in vitro and in vivo in GBM models, and showed additive/synergistic activity when combined with RT in O6-methylguanine methyltransferase-negative and -positive cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Mattei
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Flora Vitale
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Ventura
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Chair of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Judith A Fox
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Tangella Y, Manasa KL, Sathish M, Alarifi A, Kamal A. Diphenylphosphoryl Azide (DPPA)-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Oxazolo[4,5-c
][1,8]naphthyridin-4(5 H
)-ones, Oxazolo[4,5-c
]quinoline-4(5 H
)-ones, and Tosyloxazol-5-yl Pyridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yellaiah Tangella
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Kesari Lakshmi Manasa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad- 500 037 India
| | - Manda Sathish
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad- 500 037 India
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Jamieson GC, Fox JA, Poi M, Strickland SA. Molecular and Pharmacologic Properties of the Anticancer Quinolone Derivative Vosaroxin: A New Therapeutic Agent for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Drugs 2017; 76:1245-1255. [PMID: 27484675 PMCID: PMC4989016 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vosaroxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that targets topoisomerase II and induces site-selective double-strand breaks in DNA, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Vosaroxin has chemical and pharmacologic characteristics distinct from other topoisomerase II inhibitors due to its quinolone scaffold. The efficacy and safety of vosaroxin in combination with cytarabine were evaluated in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (VALOR). In this study, the addition of vosaroxin produced a 1.4-month improvement in median overall survival (OS; 7.5 months with vosaroxin/cytarabine vs. 6.1 months with placebo/cytarabine; hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.73−1.02; unstratified log-rank p\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$=$$\end{document}= 0.039), two AML patient groups that typically have poor prognosis. Here we review the chemical and pharmacologic properties of vosaroxin, how these properties are distinct from those of currently available topoisomerase II inhibitors, how they may contribute to the efficacy and safety profile observed in the VALOR trial, and the status of clinical development of vosaroxin for treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith A Fox
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ming Poi
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen A Strickland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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17
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Paubelle E, Zylbersztejn F, Thomas X. The preclinical discovery of vosaroxin for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:747-753. [PMID: 28504025 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1331215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a disease with a very poor outcome and remains an area of significant unmet need necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Among novel therapeutic agents, vosaroxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that targets topoisomerase II and induces site-selective double-strand breaks in DNA, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Areas covered: Herein, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the preclinical development of vosaroxin. This includes coverage of vosaroxin's mechanism of action in addition to its pharmacology and of the main studies reported over the past few years with vosaroxin when used to treat adult AML. Expert opinion: Given that vosaroxin is associated with fewer potential side effects, it may be of benefit to elderly patients with relapsed/refractory AML and to those with additional comorbidities who have previously received an anthracycline and cytarabine combination. Furthermore, vosaroxin also was seen to be active in multidrug-resistant preclinical models. However, further studies have to be performed to better evaluate its place in the armamentarium against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Paubelle
- a Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department , Lyon-Sud Hospital , Pierre-Bénite , France
| | | | - Xavier Thomas
- a Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department , Lyon-Sud Hospital , Pierre-Bénite , France
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18
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Nijenhuis CM, Lucas L, Rosing H, Huitema ADR, Mergui-Roelvink M, Jamieson GC, Fox JA, Mould DR, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Metabolism and disposition of the anticancer quinolone derivative vosaroxin, a novel inhibitor of topoisomerase II. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:478-490. [PMID: 28138829 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Vosaroxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that is being investigated for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the pharmacokinetics of vosaroxin and its metabolites in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods This mass balance study investigated the pharmacokinetics (distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of vosaroxin in cancer patients after a single dose of 60 mg/m2 14C-vosaroxin, administered as short intravenous injection. Blood, urine and feces were collected over 168 h after injection or until recovered radioactivity over 24 h was less than 1% of the administered dose (whichever was earlier). Total radioactivity (TRA), vosaroxin and metabolites were studied in all matrices. Results Unchanged vosaroxin was the major species identified in plasma, urine, and feces. N-desmethylvosaroxin was the only circulating metabolite detected in plasma, accounting for <3% of the administered dose. However, in plasma, the combined vosaroxin + N-desmethylvosaroxin AUC0-∞ was 21% lower than the TRA AUC0-∞ , suggesting the possible formation of protein bound metabolites after 48 h when the concentration-time profiles diverged. The mean recovery of TRA in excreta was 81.3% of the total administered dose; 53.1% was excreted through feces and 28.2% through urine. Conclusions Unchanged vosaroxin was the major compound found in the excreta, although 10 minor metabolites were detected. The biotransformation reactions were demethylation, hydrogenation, decarboxylation and phase II conjugation including glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Nijenhuis
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L Lucas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Mergui-Roelvink
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G C Jamieson
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J A Fox
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D R Mould
- Projections Research, Inc., Phoenixville, PA, USA
| | - J H M Schellens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Benton CB, Ravandi F. Targeting acute myeloid leukemia with TP53-independent vosaroxin. Future Oncol 2016; 13:125-133. [PMID: 27615555 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vosaroxin is a quinolone compound that intercalates DNA and induces TP53-independent apoptosis, demonstrating activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Phase I-III trials. Here, we examine vosaroxin's mechanism of action and pharmacology, and we review its use in AML to date, focusing on details of individual clinical trials. Most recently, when combined with cytarabine in a randomized Phase III trial (VALOR), vosaroxin improved outcomes versus cytarabine alone for relapsed/refractory AML in patients older than 60 years and for patients in early relapse. We consider its continued role in the context of a multifaceted strategy against AML, including its current use in clinical trials. Prospective use will define its role in the evolving landscape of AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Benton
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Mohammed HHH, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Abbas SH, Abdelhafez ESMN, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. New antiproliferative 7-(4-(N-substituted carbamoylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl) derivatives of ciprofloxacin induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4636-4646. [PMID: 27555286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New N-4-piperazinyl derivatives of ciprofloxacin 2a-g were prepared and tested for their cytotoxic activity. The primary in vitro one dose anticancer assay experienced promising cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines especially non-small cell lung cancer. Independently, compounds 2b, 2d, 2f and 2g showed anticancer activity against human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells (IC50=14.8, 24.8, 23.6 and 20.7μM, respectively) compared to the parent ciprofloxacin (IC50 >100μM) and doxorubicin as a positive control (IC50=1μM). The flow cytometric analysis for 2b showed dose dependent G2/M arrest in A549 cells. Also, 2b increased the expression of p53 and p21 and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 proteins in A549 cells without any effect on the same proteins expression in WI-38 cells. Specific inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α reversed the G2/M phase arrest induced by the 2b compound, suggesting contribution of p53 to increase. Taken together, 2b induced G2/M phase arrest via p53/p21 dependent pathway. The results indicate that 2b can be used as a lead compound for further development of new derivatives against non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada H H Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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21
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Short NJ, Ravandi F. The safety and efficacy of vosaroxin in patients with first relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia - a critical review. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:529-34. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1187063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Quantification of vosaroxin and its metabolites N-desmethylvosaroxin and O-desmethylvosaroxin in human plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:1-10. [PMID: 27236532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vosaroxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative topoisomerase II inhibitor that is currently in development in combination with cytarabine for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To investigate vosaroxin pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays to quantify vosaroxin and the two metabolites N-desmethylvosaroxin and O-desmethylvosaroxin in human plasma and urine were developed and validated. Immediately after collection the samples were stored at -80°C. Prior to analysis, the plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation and the urine samples were diluted. For both assays the reconstituted extracts were injected on a Symmetry Shield RP8 column and gradient elution was applied using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile-methanol (50:50, v/v). Analyses were performed with a triple quadruple mass spectrometer in positive-ion mode. A deuterated isotope of vosaroxin was used as internal standard for the quantification. The validated assays quantify vosaroxin and N-desmethylvosaroxin in the concentration range of 2-500ng/mL in plasma and urine. For O-desmethylvosaroxin the concentration range of 4-500ng/mL in plasma and urine was validated. Dilution integrity experiments show that samples can be diluted 25 fold in control matrix prior to analysis. The expanded concentration range for plasma and urine for vosaroxin and N-desmethylvosaroxin is therefore from 2 to 15,000ng/mL and in plasma for O-desmethylvosaroxin from 4 to 15,000ng/mL.
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23
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Bisacchi GS, Hale MR. A "Double-Edged" Scaffold: Antitumor Power within the Antibacterial Quinolone. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:520-77. [PMID: 26695512 PMCID: PMC4997924 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666151223095839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the late 1980s, reports emerged describing experimental antibacterial quinolones having significant potency against eukaryotic Type II topoisomerases (topo II) and showing cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. As a result, several pharmaceutical companies initiated quinolone anticancer programs to explore the potential of this class in comparison to conventional human topo II inhibiting antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin and etoposide. In this review, we present a modern re-evaluation of the anticancer potential of the quinolone class in the context of today's predominantly pathway-based (rather than cytotoxicity-based) oncology drug R&D environment. The quinolone eukaryotic SAR is comprehensively discussed, contrasted with the corresponding prokaryotic data, and merged with recent structural biology information which is now beginning to help explain the basis for that SAR. Quinolone topo II inhibitors appear to be much less susceptible to efflux-mediated resistance, a current limitation of therapy with conventional agents. Recent advances in the biological understanding of human topo II isoforms suggest that significant progress might now be made in overcoming two other treatment-limiting disadvantages of conventional topo II inhibitors, namely cardiotoxicity and drug-induced secondary leukemias. We propose that quinolone class topo II inhibitors could have a useful future therapeutic role due to the continued need for effective topo II drugs in many cancer treatment settings, and due to the recent biological and structural advances which can now provide, for the first time, specific guidance for the design of a new class of inhibitors potentially superior to existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bisacchi
- Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.
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24
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Madaan A, Verma R, Kumar V, Singh AT, Jain SK, Jaggi M. 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: A Review of Multiple Biological Activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:837-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Madaan
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ritu Verma
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Chemical Research Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Anu T. Singh
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Swatantra K. Jain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, HIMSR and Department of Biotechnology; Jamia Hamdard; New Delhi India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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Vasudevan N, Jachak GR, Reddy DS. Breaking and Making of Rings: A Method for the Preparation of 4-Quinolone-3-carboxylic Acid Amides and the Expensive Drug Ivacaftor. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Mjos KD, Cawthray JF, Jamieson G, Fox JA, Orvig C. Iron(III)-binding of the anticancer agents doxorubicin and vosaroxin. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2348-58. [PMID: 25534904 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Fe(iii)-binding constant of vosaroxin, an anticancer quinolone derivative, has been determined spectrophotometrically and compared with the analogous Fe(iii) complex formed with doxorubicin. The in vivo metabolic stability and iron coordination properties of the quinolones compared to the anthracylines may provide significant benefit to cardiovascular safety. The mechanism of action of both molecules target the topoisomerase II enzyme. Both doxorubicin (Hdox, log βFeL3 = 33.41, pM = 17.0) and vosaroxin (Hvox, log βFeL3 = 33.80(3), pM = 15.9) bind iron(iii) with comparable strength; at physiological pH however, [Fe(vox)3] is the predominant species in contrast to a mixture of species observed for the Fe:dox system. Iron(iii) nitrate and gallium(iii) nitrate at a 1 : 3 ratio with vosaroxin formed stable tris(vosaroxacino)-iron(iii) and tris(vosaroxino)gallium(iii) complexes that were isolated and characterized. Their redox behavior was studied by CV, and their stereochemistry was further explored in temperature dependent (1)H NMR studies. The molecular pharmacology of their interaction with iron(iii) may be one possible differentiation in the safety profile of quinolones compared to anthracyclines in relation to cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dralle Mjos
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1Z1, Canada
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-Azab AS, Alanazi AM, Asiri YA, Al-Suwaidan IA, Maarouf AR, Ayyad RR, Shawer TZ. Synthesis and potential antitumor activity of 7-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxoquinolines based on ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin scaffolds: in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26226179 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1069288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential antitumor activities of a series of 7-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)fluoroquinolone derivatives (1-14a,b) using ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin as scaffolds are described. These compounds exhibit potent and broad spectrum antitumor activities using 60 human cell lines in addition to the inherent antibacterial activity. Compounds 1a, 2a, 3b, 6b and 7a were found to be the most potent, while 2b, 5b, and 6a were found to have an average activity. The results of this study demonstrated that compounds 1a, 2a, 3b, 6b and 7a (mean GI50; 2.63-3.09 µM) are nearly 7-fold more potent compared with the positive control 5-fluorouracil (mean GI50; 22.60 µM). More interestingly, compounds 1a, 2a, 3b, 6b and 7a have an almost antitumor activity similar to gefitinib (mean GI50; 3.24 µM) and are nearly 2-fold more potent compared to erlotinib (mean GI50; 7.29 µM). In silico study and ADME-Tox prediction methodology were used to study the antitumor activity of the most active compounds and to identify the structural features required for antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Adel S El-Azab
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .,c Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif A Asiri
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Al-Suwaidan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza R Maarouf
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt .,e Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Delta University for Science & Technology , Gamasa City , Egypt , and
| | - Rezk R Ayyad
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Taghreed Z Shawer
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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28
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Vosaroxin and vosaroxin plus low-dose Ara-C (LDAC) vs low-dose Ara-C alone in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2015; 125:2923-32. [PMID: 25805811 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-608117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new treatments for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia is an active area, but has met with limited success. Vosaroxin, a quinolone-derived intercalating agent has several properties that could prove beneficial. Initial clinical studies showed it to be well-tolerated in older patients with relapsed/refractory disease. In vitro data suggested synergy with cytarabine (Ara-C). To evaluate vosaroxin, we performed 2 randomized comparisons within the "Pick a Winner" program. A total of 104 patients were randomized to vosaroxin vs low-dose Ara-C (LDAC) and 104 to vosaroxin + LDAC vs LDAC. When comparing vosaroxin with LDAC, neither response rate (complete recovery [CR]/complete recovery with incomplete count recovery [CRi], 26% vs 30%; odds ratio [OR], 1.16 (0.49-2.72); P = .7) nor 12-month survival (12% vs 31%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.94 [1.26-3.00]; P = .003) showed benefit for vosaroxin. Likewise, in the vosaroxin + LDAC vs LDAC comparison, neither response rate (CR/CRi, 38% vs 34%; OR, 0.83 [0.37-1.84]; P = .6) nor survival (33% vs 37%; HR, 1.30 [0.81-2.07]; P = .3) was improved. A major reason for this lack of benefit was excess early mortality in the vosaroxin + LDAC arm, most obviously in the second month following randomization. At its first interim analysis, the Data Monitoring and Ethics Committee recommended closure of the vosaroxin-containing trial arms because a clinically relevant benefit was unlikely.
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29
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Forezi LDSM, Tolentino NMC, de Souza AMT, Castro HC, Montenegro RC, Dantas RF, Oliveira MEIM, Silva FP, Barreto LH, Burbano RMR, Abrahim-Vieira B, de Oliveira R, Ferreira VF, Cunha AC, Boechat FDCS, de Souza MCBV. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and mechanistic evaluation of 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives: finding new potential anticancer drugs. Molecules 2014; 19:6651-70. [PMID: 24858098 PMCID: PMC6271384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of a continuing search for new potential anticancer candidates, we describe the synthesis, cytotoxicity and mechanistic evaluation of a series of 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives as novel anticancer agents. The inhibitory activity of compounds 10–18 was determined against three cancer cell lines using the MTT colorimetric assay. The screening revealed that derivatives 16b and 17b exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against the gastric cancer cell line but was not active against a normal cell line, in contrast to doxorubicin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug in clinical use. Interestingly, no hemolytical activity was observed when the toxicity of 16b and 17b was tested against blood cells. The in silico and in vitro mechanistic evaluation indicated the potential of 16b as a lead for the development of novel anticancer agents against gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana da S M Forezi
- Outeiro de São João Batista, Fluminense FederalUniversity (UFF), s/n, Niterói 24020141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M C Tolentino
- Outeiro de São João Batista, Fluminense FederalUniversity (UFF), s/n, Niterói 24020141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M T de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- LABIEMol, Outeiro de São João Batista, Fluminense Federal University, s/n, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Montenegro
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, n.01-Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Dantas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria E I M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Floriano P Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leilane H Barreto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, n.01-Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rommel M R Burbano
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, n.01-Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Abrahim-Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Riethe de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Outeiro de São João Batista, Fluminense FederalUniversity (UFF), s/n, Niterói 24020141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna C Cunha
- Outeiro de São João Batista, Fluminense FederalUniversity (UFF), s/n, Niterói 24020141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da C S Boechat
- Outeiro de São João Batista, Fluminense FederalUniversity (UFF), s/n, Niterói 24020141, RJ, Brazil
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Developmental therapeutics in acute myelogenous leukemia: are there any new effective cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents out there? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2013; 8:156-62. [PMID: 23640069 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-013-0158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for AML have remained mostly unchanged since the introduction of anthracyline- and cytarabine-based regimens in the 1970s. Though some changes have been made in the dosing of anthracylines, in the choice of consolidation regimens versus allogeneic stem cell transplant, and in supportive care, clinical outcomes remain poor for most patients. As we continue to strive for better treatment options to improve upon outcomes, different agents, both chemotherapeutic and targeted therapies, are being studied. Here we discuss new chemotherapeutic agents that show promise in recent clinical trials and attempt to answer the question if there are any new effective cytotoxic chemotherapy agents out there.
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Ali AR, El-Bendary ER, Ghaly MA, Shehata IA. Novel acetamidothiazole derivatives: synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:908-19. [PMID: 24125851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of acetamide derivatives possessing both 2-imino-4-arylthiazoles and morpholine or different piperazines were synthesized and characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, elemental and mass spectral analyses. Twelve compounds were granted NSC codes at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA for anticancer activity at a single high dose (10(-5) M) in full NCI 60 cell panel. Among the compounds tested, compounds 5a and 6b were found to be the most active candidates of the synthesized series. Assessment of toxicities, druglikeness, and drug score profiles of compounds 5a and 6b are promising. Some of the synthesized compounds showed a good docking score with potential anticancer targets, chosen based on pharmacophore mapping of the established derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Freeman C, Keane N, Swords R, Giles F. Vosaroxin: a new valuable tool with the potential to replace anthracyclines in the treatment of AML? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1417-27. [PMID: 23688047 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.799138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant advances in diagnosis and supportive care, the majority of patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ultimately die of their disease. Standard intensive induction treatment continues to comprise cytarabine and a topoisomerase II (topo II) poison, usually an anthracycline. Vosaroxin , a novel first-in-class quinolone derivative has been developed for use in the treatment of AML as a new-generation topo II inhibitor. It has shown promising activity as a monotherapy and also in combination with intermediate dose cytarabine (IDAC) in relapsed and refractory patient cohorts with minimal toxicity and good tolerability. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the mechanism of action of vosaroxin, the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability, preclinical and clinical trial results available as well as areas of ongoing research. EXPERT OPINION Vosaroxin has shown efficacy as a novel cytotoxic agent, and despite a similar mechanism of action has significant advantages over anthracyclines. It evades common resistance pathways of p53 and P-glycoprotein (P- gp) and does not appear to generate significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with these agents. Should future investigation confirm its efficacy and advantageous safety profile, vosaroxin could potentially replace older generation topoisomerase poisons in the treatment of AML and other malignant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Freeman
- Department of Haematology, Pathology and Pharmacy Building, Barts and the London NHS Trust, 80 Newark Street, Whitechapel, E1 2ES, London, UK.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antineoplastic quinolone derivative vosaroxin (SNS-595, Sunesis, South San Francisco, CA, USA) was first described in 2002. It represents a novel class of anticancer drugs and is currently in a Phase III clinical trial for relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and is increasing in incidence due to the aging of the American population. Despite advances in diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and treatment in younger age groups, there has been little improvement in survival among patients over 60 years of age, who make up the majority of those affected. AREAS COVERED The development of vosaroxin, its mechanism of action, pharmacology, and metabolism, and the preclinical and clinical data to date will be covered. EXPERT OPINION Despite its structural dissimilarity, vosaroxin has mechanisms of action similar to the anthracyclines and anthracenediones already in use for the treatment of AML. However, unlike these agents, vosaroxin is not a P-gp substrate, appears to be unaffected by overexpression of P-gp or TP53 mutations, and may be useful in the treatment of AML, especially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Abbas
- Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, 96 Jonathon Lucas St, MSC 635 CSB 903, Charleston, 29425, USA
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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Lancet JE, Ravandi F, Ricklis RM, Cripe LD, Kantarjian HM, Giles FJ, List AF, Chen T, Allen RS, Fox JA, Michelson GC, Karp JE. A phase Ib study of vosaroxin, an anticancer quinolone derivative, in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia. Leukemia 2011; 25:1808-14. [PMID: 21760592 PMCID: PMC4576993 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study of vosaroxin evaluated dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), clinical activity and pharmacodynamics in relapsed/refractory leukemia. Dosing was weekly (days 1, 8 and 15) or twice weekly (days 1, 4, 8 and 11). Seventy-three treated patients had a median age of 65 years, 85% had acute myeloid leukemia and 78% had refractory disease. Weekly schedule: 42 patients received 18-90 mg/m(2); MTD was 72 mg/m(2). Twice-weekly schedule: 31 patients received 9-50 mg/m(2); MTD was 40 mg/m(2). DLT was stomatitis; primary non-hematologic toxicity was reversible gastrointestinal symptoms and febrile neutropenia. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 11%. Five patients had complete or incomplete remissions; median duration was 3.1 months. A morphologic leukemia-free state (bone marrow blast reduction to <5%) occurred in 11 additional patients. Antileukemic activity was associated with total dose or weekly time above 1 μmol/l plasma vosaroxin concentration (P<0.05). Vosaroxin exposure was dose proportional over 9-90 mg/m(2). The average terminal half-life was ~25 h and clearance was non-renal. No induction or inhibition of vosaroxin metabolism was evident. Vosaroxin-induced DNA damage was detected as increased intracellular γH2AX. Vosaroxin had an acceptable safety profile, linear PK and encouraging clinical activity in relapsed/refractory leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Phase II Multicenter Trial of Voreloxin as Second-Line Therapy in Chemotherapy-Sensitive or Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:384-6. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318200e509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Walsby EJ, Coles SJ, Knapper S, Burnett AK. The topoisomerase II inhibitor voreloxin causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells and acts in synergy with cytarabine. Haematologica 2010; 96:393-9. [PMID: 21134979 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.032680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topoisomerase II is essential for the maintenance of DNA integrity and the survival of proliferating cells. Topoisomerase II poisons, including etoposide and doxorubicin, inhibit enzyme-mediated DNA ligation causing the accumulation of double-stranded breaks and have been front-line drugs for the treatment of leukemia for many years. Voreloxin is a first-in-class anti-cancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II. The efficacy and mechanisms of action of voreloxin in acute myeloid leukaemia were addressed in this study. DESIGN AND METHODS Primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts (n = 88) and myeloid cell lines were used in vitro to study voreloxin through viability assays to assess cell killing and synergy with other drugs. Apoptosis and cell cycling were assessed by flow cytometry. DNA relaxation assays were utilized to determine that voreloxin was active on topoisomerase II. RESULTS The mean lethal dose 50% (LD(50)) (± standard deviation) of voreloxin for primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts was 2.30 μM (± 1.87). Synergy experiments between voreloxin and cytarabine identified synergism in 22 of 25 primary acute myeloid leukemia samples tested, with a mean combination index of 0.79. Apoptosis was shown to increase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, voreloxin was active in the p53-null K562 cell line suggesting that the action of voreloxin is not affected by p53 status. The action of voreloxin on topoisomerase II was confirmed using a DNA relaxation assay. CONCLUSIONS Voreloxin may provide an interesting addition to the cache of drugs available for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, a disease with a poor long-term survival. In addition to its potent action as a single agent in dividing cells, the synergy we demonstrated between voreloxin and cytarabine recommends further investigation of this topoisomerase II inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Walsby
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Scatena CD, Kumer JL, Arbitrario JP, Howlett AR, Hawtin RE, Fox JA, Silverman JA. Voreloxin, a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative, acts synergistically with cytarabine in vitro and induces bone marrow aplasia in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 66:881-8. [PMID: 20058009 PMCID: PMC2921053 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Main purpose Voreloxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, inducing site-selective DNA damage. Voreloxin is in clinical studies, as a single agent and in combination with cytarabine, for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The preclinical studies reported here were performed to investigate the activity of voreloxin alone and in combination with cytarabine, in support of the clinical program. Research questions Is single agent voreloxin active in preclinical models of AML? Does the combination of voreloxin and cytarabine enhance the activity of either agent alone? Methods Inhibition of proliferation was studied in three cancer cell lines: HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), MV4-11 (AML), and CCRF-CEM (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia). Combination index (CI) analysis established the effect of the drugs in combination. A mouse model of bone marrow ablation was used to investigate in vivo efficacy of the drugs alone and in combination. Peripheral white blood cell and platelet counts were followed to assess marrow impact and recovery. Results Voreloxin and cytarabine alone and in combination exhibited cytotoxic activity in human leukemia cell lines and in vivo. The two drugs had additive or synergistic activity in vitro and supra-additive activity in vivo. Bone marrow ablation was accompanied by reductions in peripheral white blood cells and platelets that were reversible within 1 week, consistent with the AML treatment paradigm. Conclusions These data support ongoing clinical evaluation of voreloxin both alone and in combination with cytarabine for the treatment of AML.
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