1
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Wang ZY, Ge LP, Ouyang Y, Jin X, Jiang YZ. Targeting transposable elements in cancer: developments and opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189143. [PMID: 38936517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs), comprising nearly 50% of the human genome, have transitioned from being perceived as "genomic junk" to key players in cancer progression. Contemporary research links TE regulatory disruptions with cancer development, underscoring their therapeutic potential. Advances in long-read sequencing, computational analytics, single-cell sequencing, proteomics, and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have enriched our understanding of TEs' clinical implications, notably their impact on genome architecture, gene regulation, and evolutionary processes. In cancer, TEs, including long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1), Alus, and long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, demonstrate altered patterns, influencing both tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive mechanisms. TE-derived nucleic acids and tumor antigens play critical roles in tumor immunity, bridging innate and adaptive responses. Given their central role in oncology, TE-targeted therapies, particularly through reverse transcriptase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators, represent a novel avenue in cancer treatment. Combining these TE-focused strategies with existing chemotherapy or immunotherapy regimens could enhance efficacy and offer a new dimension in cancer treatment. This review delves into recent TE detection advancements, explores their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, discusses emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches centered on TEs, and anticipates future directions in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Ping Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Lee M, Ahmad SF, Xu J. Regulation and function of transposable elements in cancer genomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:157. [PMID: 38556602 PMCID: PMC10982106 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over half of human genomic DNA is composed of repetitive sequences generated throughout evolution by prolific mobile genetic parasites called transposable elements (TEs). Long disregarded as "junk" or "selfish" DNA, TEs are increasingly recognized as formative elements in genome evolution, wired intimately into the structure and function of the human genome. Advances in sequencing technologies and computational methods have ushered in an era of unprecedented insight into how TE activity impacts human biology in health and disease. Here we discuss the current views on how TEs have shaped the regulatory landscape of the human genome, how TE activity is implicated in human cancers, and how recent findings motivate novel strategies to leverage TE activity for improved cancer therapy. Given the crucial role of methodological advances in TE biology, we pair our conceptual discussions with an in-depth review of the inherent technical challenges in studying repeats, specifically related to structural variation, expression analyses, and chromatin regulation. Lastly, we provide a catalog of existing and emerging assays and bioinformatic software that altogether are enabling the most sophisticated and comprehensive investigations yet into the regulation and function of interspersed repeats in cancer genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Syed Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place - MS 345, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place - MS 345, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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3
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Bowers EC, Cavalcante AM, Nguyen K, Li C, Wang Y, El-Zein R, Chen SH, Kim MP, McKay BS, Ramos KS. Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 Analytes in Extracellular Vesicles as Tools for Molecular Diagnostics of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1169. [PMID: 38256242 PMCID: PMC10816871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the oncogenic retrotransposon LINE-1 is a hallmark of various cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Here, we present proof-of-principle evidence that LINE-1 analytes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as tools for molecular diagnostics of NSCLC, with LINE-1 status in tumor cells and tissues mirroring the LINE-1 mRNA and ORF1p cargos of EVs from lung cancer cell culture conditioned media or human plasma. The levels of LINE-1 analytes in plasma EVs from ostensibly healthy individuals were higher in females than males. While the profiles of LINE-1 mRNA and ORF1p in African Americans compared to Hispanics were not significantly different, African Americans showed slightly higher ORF1p content, and 2-3 times greater ranges of LINE-1 values compared to Hispanics. Whole plasma ORF1p levels correlated with EV ORF1p levels, indicating that most of the circulating LINE-1 protein is contained within EVs. EV LINE-1 mRNA levels were elevated in patients with advanced cancer stages and in select patients with squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic tumors compared to adenocarcinomas. The observed EV LINE-1 mRNA profiles paralleled the patterns of ORF1p expression in NSCLC tissue sections suggesting that LINE-1 analytes in plasma EVs may serve to monitor the activity of LINE-1 retroelements in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Bowers
- Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.B.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Alexandre M. Cavalcante
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.B.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.B.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingshan Wang
- Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.B.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Randa El-Zein
- Houston Methodist Hospital Cancer Center and the Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.E.-Z.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Houston Methodist Hospital Cancer Center and the Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.E.-Z.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Min P. Kim
- Houston Methodist Hospital Cancer Center and the Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.E.-Z.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Brian S. McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.B.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Houston Methodist Hospital Cancer Center and the Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.E.-Z.); (S.-H.C.)
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4
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Baba Y, Yasuda N, Bundo M, Nakachi Y, Ueda J, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Oshiumi H, Iwamoto K, Baba H. LINE-1 hypomethylation, increased retrotransposition and tumor-specific insertion in upper gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:247-256. [PMID: 38013627 PMCID: PMC10823286 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons are a major family of mobile genetic elements, comprising approximately 17% of the human genome. The methylation state of LINE-1 is often used as an indicator of global DNA methylation levels and it regulates the retrotransposition and somatic insertion of the genetic element. We have previously reported the significant relationship between LINE-1 hypomethylation and poor prognosis in upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, the causal relationships between LINE-1 hypomethylation, retrotransposition, and tumor-specific insertion in upper GI cancers remain unknown. We used bisulfite-pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR to verify LINE-1 methylation and copy number in tissue samples of 101 patients with esophageal and 103 patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, we analyzed the LINE-1 retrotransposition profile with an originally developed L1Hs-seq. In tumor samples, LINE-1 methylation levels were significantly lower than non-tumor controls, while LINE-1 copy numbers were markedly increased. As such, there was a significant inverse correlation between the LINE-1 methylation level and copy number in tumor tissues, with lower LINE-1 methylation levels corresponding to higher LINE-1 copy numbers. Of particular importance is that somatic LINE-1 insertions were more numerous in tumor than normal tissues. Furthermore, we observed that LINE-1 was inserted evenly across all chromosomes, and most often within genomic regions associated with tumor-suppressive genes. LINE-1 hypomethylation in upper GI cancers is related to increased LINE-1 retrotransposition and tumor-specific insertion events, which may collectively contribute to the acquisition of aggressive tumor features through the inactivation of tumor-suppressive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Next‐Generation Surgical Therapy DevelopmentKumamoto University HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Noriko Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Junko Ueda
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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5
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Mendez-Dorantes C, Burns KH. LINE-1 retrotransposition and its deregulation in cancers: implications for therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dev 2023; 37:948-967. [PMID: 38092519 PMCID: PMC10760644 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351051.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) is the only protein-coding transposon that is active in humans. LINE-1 propagates in the genome using RNA intermediates via retrotransposition. This activity has resulted in LINE-1 sequences occupying approximately one-fifth of our genome. Although most copies of LINE-1 are immobile, ∼100 copies are retrotransposition-competent. Retrotransposition is normally limited via epigenetic silencing, DNA repair, and other host defense mechanisms. In contrast, LINE-1 overexpression and retrotransposition are hallmarks of cancers. Here, we review mechanisms of LINE-1 regulation and how LINE-1 may promote genetic heterogeneity in tumors. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies to exploit LINE-1 biology in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Rybacki K, Xia M, Ahsan MU, Xing J, Wang K. Assessing the Expression of Long INterspersed Elements (LINEs) via Long-Read Sequencing in Diverse Human Tissues and Cell Lines. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1893. [PMID: 37895242 PMCID: PMC10606529 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements, such as Long INterspersed Elements (LINEs), are DNA sequences that can replicate within genomes. LINEs replicate using an RNA intermediate followed by reverse transcription and are typically a few kilobases in length. LINE activity creates genomic structural variants in human populations and leads to somatic alterations in cancer genomes. Long-read RNA sequencing technologies, including Oxford Nanopore and PacBio, can directly sequence relatively long transcripts, thus providing the opportunity to examine full-length LINE transcripts. This study focuses on the development of a new bioinformatics pipeline for the identification and quantification of active, full-length LINE transcripts in diverse human tissues and cell lines. In our pipeline, we utilized RepeatMasker to identify LINE-1 (L1) transcripts from long-read transcriptome data and incorporated several criteria, such as transcript start position, divergence, and length, to remove likely false positives. Comparisons between cancerous and normal cell lines, as well as human tissue samples, revealed elevated expression levels of young LINEs in cancer, particularly at intact L1 loci. By employing bioinformatics methodologies on long-read transcriptome data, this study demonstrates the landscape of L1 expression in tissues and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karleena Rybacki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.R.); (M.X.)
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mingyi Xia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.R.); (M.X.)
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mian Umair Ahsan
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.R.); (M.X.)
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Sato H, Watanabe KI, Kobayashi Y, Tomihari M, Uemura A, Tagawa M. LINE-1 Methylation Status in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma Tissue and Cell-Free DNA. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2987. [PMID: 37760387 PMCID: PMC10525518 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenic hemangiosarcoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in dogs, and early diagnosis is of great importance for achieving a good prognosis. DNA methylation plays an important role in cancer development. Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) is the most abundant repetitive element in the genome. LINE-1 hypomethylation has been shown to be related to carcinogenesis in humans, and it has been used as a novel cancer biomarker. This study aimed to evaluate the methylation status of LINE-1 in tumor tissue and circulating cell-free DNA and assess its clinical significance in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Genomic DNA was isolated from splenic masses of 13 dogs with hemangiosarcoma, 11 with other malignant tumors, and 15 with benign lesions. LINE-1 methylation was quantified using methylation-sensitive and -insensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, blood samples were collected from eight patients to isolate cell-free DNA to determine LINE-1 methylation status changes during the treatment course. LINE-1 methylation in tumor samples was significantly lower in patients with hemangiosarcoma than in those with other malignant tumors and benign lesions. Non-significant but similar results were observed for the cell-free DNA samples. Our results demonstrate that LINE-1 methylation status is a potential biomarker for splenic hemangiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Watanabe
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tomihari
- Department of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Michihito Tagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
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8
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Wang H, Liu B, Chen H, Xu P, Xue H, Yuan J. Dynamic changes of DNA methylation induced by benzo(a)pyrene in cancer. Genes Environ 2023; 45:21. [PMID: 37391844 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the earliest and most significant carcinogen among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been found in foods, tobacco smoke, and automobiles exhaust, etc. Exposure to BaP induced DNA damage directly, or oxidative stress-related damage, resulting in cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis in human respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. Moreover, BaP triggered genome-wide epigenetic alterations by methylation, which might cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, and thereby induced cancer. It has been proved that BaP reduced genome-wide DNA methylation, and activated proto-oncogene by hypomethylation in the promoter region, but silenced tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, resulting in cancer initiation and progression. Here we summarized the changes in DNA methylation in BaP exposure, and revealed the methylation of DNA plays a role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Bingchun Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Peixin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Huiting Xue
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Jianlong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China.
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9
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Segal D, Dostie J. The Talented LncRNAs: Meshing into Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3433. [PMID: 37444543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a group of diseases characterized by uncontrollable cell growth, cancer is highly multifaceted in how it overrides checkpoints controlling proliferation. Amongst the regulators of these checkpoints, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can have key roles in why natural biological processes go haywire. LncRNAs represent a large class of regulatory transcripts that can localize anywhere in cells. They were found to affect gene expression on many levels from transcription to mRNA translation and even protein stability. LncRNA participation in such control mechanisms can depend on cell context, with given transcripts sometimes acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Importantly, the tissue-specificity and low expression levels of lncRNAs make them attractive therapeutic targets or biomarkers. Here, we review the various cellular processes affected by lncRNAs and outline molecular strategies they use to control gene expression, particularly in cancer and in relation to transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Segal
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Josée Dostie
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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10
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Mosaddeghi P, Farahmandnejad M, Zarshenas MM. The role of transposable elements in aging and cancer. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10028-z. [PMID: 37017895 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large portion of the human genome. Various mechanisms at the transcription and post-transcription levels developed to suppress TE activity in healthy conditions. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that TE dysregulation is involved in various human diseases, including age-related diseases and cancer. In this review, we explained how sensing TEs by the immune system could induce innate immune responses, chronic inflammation, and following age-related diseases. We also noted that inflammageing and exogenous carcinogens could trigger the upregulation of TEs in precancerous cells. Increased inflammation could enhance epigenetic plasticity and upregulation of early developmental TEs, which rewires the transcriptional networks and gift the survival advantage to the precancerous cells. In addition, upregulated TEs could induce genome instability, activation of oncogenes, or inhibition of tumor suppressors and consequent cancer initiation and progression. So, we suggest that TEs could be considered therapeutic targets in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Farahmandnejad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Quality Control of Drug Products Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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11
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Biological and Genetic Mechanisms of COPD, Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship with Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020448. [PMID: 36830984 PMCID: PMC9953173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent chronic adult diseases, with significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Although long-term tobacco smoking is a critical risk factor for this global health problem, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several phenomena are thought to be involved in the evolution of emphysema, including airway inflammation, proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance, oxidative stress, and genetic/epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, COPD is one main risk for lung cancer (LC), the deadliest form of human tumor; formation and chronic inflammation accompanying COPD can be a potential driver of malignancy maturation (0.8-1.7% of COPD cases develop cancer/per year). Recently, the development of more research based on COPD and lung cancer molecular analysis has provided new light for understanding their pathogenesis, improving the diagnosis and treatments, and elucidating many connections between these diseases. Our review emphasizes the biological factors involved in COPD and lung cancer, the advances in their molecular mechanisms' research, and the state of the art of diagnosis and treatments. This work combines many biological and genetic elements into a single whole and strongly links COPD with lung tumor features.
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12
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Casarotto M, Lupato V, Giurato G, Guerrieri R, Sulfaro S, Salvati A, D’Angelo E, Furlan C, Menegaldo A, Baboci L, Montico B, Turturici I, Dolcetti R, Romeo S, Baggio V, Corrado S, Businello G, Guido M, Weisz A, Giacomarra V, Franchin G, Steffan A, Sigalotti L, Vaccher E, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Jerry P, Fanetti G, Fratta E. LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with poor outcomes in locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:171. [PMID: 36503584 PMCID: PMC9743592 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently, human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity represents a strong prognostic factor for both reduced risk of relapse and improved survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). However, a subset of HPV-positive OPSCC patients still experience poor outcomes. Furthermore, HPV-negative OPSCC patients, who have an even higher risk of relapse, are still lacking suitable prognostic biomarkers for clinical outcome. Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of LINE-1 methylation level in OPSCC patients and further addressed the relationship between LINE-1 methylation status and p53 protein expression as well as genome-wide/gene-specific DNA methylation. RESULTS In this study, DNA was extracted from 163 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples retrospectively collected from stage III-IVB OPSCC patients managed with curative intent with up-front treatment. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR revealed that LINE-1 hypomethylation was directly associated with poor prognosis (5-year overall survival-OS: 28.1% for LINE-1 methylation < 35% vs. 69.1% for ≥ 55%; p < 0.0001). When LINE-1 methylation was dichotomized as < 55% versus ≥ 55%, interaction with HPV16 emerged: compared with hypermethylated HPV16-positive patients, subjects with hypomethylated HPV16-negative OPSCC reported an adjusted higher risk of death (HR 4.83, 95% CI 2.24-10.38) and progression (HR 4.54, 95% CI 2.18-9.48). Tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene is often mutated and overexpressed in HPV-negative OPSCC. Since p53 has been reported to repress LINE-1 promoter, we then analyzed the association between p53 protein expression and LINE-1 methylation levels. Following p53 immunohistochemistry, results indicated that among HPV16-negative patients with p53 ≥ 50%, LINE-1 methylation levels declined and remained stable at approximately 43%; any HPV16-positive patient reported p53 ≥ 50%. Finally, DNA methylation analysis demonstrated that genome-wide average methylation level at cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites was significantly lower in HPV16-negative OPSCC patients who relapsed within two years. The subsequent integrative analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation identified 20 up-regulated/hypomethylated genes in relapsed patients, and most of them contained LINE-1 elements in their promoter sequences. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the methylation level of LINE-1 may help in identifying the subset of OPSCC patients with bad prognosis regardless of their HPV status. Aberrant LINE-1 hypomethylation might occur along with TP53 mutations and lead to altered gene expression in OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Casarotto
- grid.414603.4Unit of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Valentina Lupato
- grid.415199.10000 0004 1756 8284Division of Otolaryngology, General Hospital “S. Maria Degli Angeli”, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA Italy ,grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Genome Research Center for Health, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA Italy
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- grid.414603.4Unit of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sandro Sulfaro
- grid.415199.10000 0004 1756 8284Division of Pathology, General Hospital “S. Maria Degli Angeli”, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA Italy ,grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Genome Research Center for Health, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA Italy ,grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Medical Genomics Program, AOU ‘SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elisa D’Angelo
- grid.413363.00000 0004 1769 5275Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Furlan
- grid.415199.10000 0004 1756 8284Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital “San Martino”, Belluno, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Unit of Otolaryngology, AULSS 2 - Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Lorena Baboci
- grid.414603.4Unit of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- grid.414603.4Unit of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Irene Turturici
- grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Salvatore Romeo
- Department of Services of Diagnosis and Care, Santorso Hospital, Santorso, VI Italy
| | - Vittorio Baggio
- grid.413196.8Department of Radiation Oncology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Stefania Corrado
- grid.413363.00000 0004 1769 5275Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Businello
- grid.413196.8Department of Pathology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- grid.413196.8Department of Pathology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA Italy ,grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Genome Research Center for Health, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA Italy ,grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Medical Genomics Program, AOU ‘SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vittorio Giacomarra
- grid.415199.10000 0004 1756 8284Division of Otolaryngology, General Hospital “S. Maria Degli Angeli”, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franchin
- grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- grid.414603.4Unit of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- grid.414603.4Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- grid.414603.4Division of Medical Oncology A, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Polesel Jerry
- grid.414603.4Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanetti
- grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- grid.414603.4Unit of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy ,grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, PN Italy
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Ramini D, Latini S, Giuliani A, Matacchione G, Sabbatinelli J, Mensà E, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Rippo MR, Bronte G, Bonafè M, Cardelli M, Olivieri F. Replicative Senescence-Associated LINE1 Methylation and LINE1-Alu Expression Levels in Human Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233799. [PMID: 36497059 PMCID: PMC9739197 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges of current research on aging is to identify the complex epigenetic mechanisms involved in the acquisition of the cellular senescent phenotype. Despite some evidence suggested that epigenetic changes of DNA repetitive elements, including transposable elements (TE) sequences, are associated with replicative senescence of fibroblasts, data on different types of cells are scarce. We previously analysed genome-wide DNA methylation of young and replicative senescent human endothelial cells (HUVECs), highlighting increased levels of demethylated sequences in senescent cells. Here, we aligned the most significantly demethylated single CpG sites to the reference genome and annotated their localization inside TE sequences and found a significant hypomethylation of sequences belonging to the Long-Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) subfamilies L1M, L1P, and L1HS. To verify the hypothesis that L1 demethylation could be associated with increased transcription/activation of L1s and/or Alu elements (non-autonomous retroelements that usually depend on L1 sequences for reverse transcription and retrotransposition), we quantified the RNA expression levels of both L1 (generic L1 elements or site-specific L1PA2 on chromosome 14) and Alu elements in young and senescent HUVECs and human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The RNA expression of Alu and L1 sequences was significantly increased in both senescent HUVECs and NHDFs, whereas the RNA transcript of L1PA2 on chromosome 14 was not significantly modulated in senescent cells. Moreover, we found an increased amount of TE DNA copies in the cytoplasm of senescent HUVECs and NHDFs. Our results support the hypothesis that TE, which are significantly increased in senescent cells, could be retrotranscribed to DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Ramini
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Latini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-6243
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”-Unit of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Tajbakhsh J, Mortazavi F, Gupta NK. DNA methylation topology differentiates between normal and malignant in cell models, resected human tissues, and exfoliated sputum cells of lung epithelium. Front Oncol 2022; 12:991120. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.991120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGlobal DNA hypomethylation is a prominent feature of cancer cells including lung cancer, that has not been widely explored towards cancer diagnosis. In this study we assess the comparative distribution of global DNA methylation in normal cells versus cancer cells in various specimen models.MethodsWe used in situ immunofluorescence labeling of overall 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and covisualization of global DNA (gDNA) by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), confocal microscopy and 3D image analysis to derive 5mC/DAPI colocalization patterns in human cell lines (BEAS-2B, A549, H157) and upper respiratory epithelial cells derived from various sources (i.e., sputum from healthy and cancer patients, and resected tissues from normal parenchyma and lung tumors).ResultsBy introducing 5mC/DAPI colocalization index as a metric we could distinguish between normal epithelial cells and aberrantly hypomethylated cancer cells. Cultured lung cancer cells (H157 and A549) had significantly lower indices compared to normal cells (BEAS-2B). Furthermore, we were able to identify such extensively hypomethylated low-index cells in tumor tissues and the matching sputum from cancer patients. In contrast, the indices of cells derived from sputum of healthy individuals had more similarity to epithelial cells of normal parenchyma and the phenotypically normal BEAS-2B cells.ConclusionsThe results suggest that 5mC topology using high-resolution image cytometry shows potential for identifying hypomethylated cancerous cells in human tissues and amongst normal cells in matching sputum, which may render a valuable surrogate for biopsied tissues. This promising feature deserves further validation in more comprehensive studies.
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15
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Yang S, Huang Y, Zhao Q. Epigenetic Alterations and Inflammation as Emerging Use for the Advancement of Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878740. [PMID: 35514980 PMCID: PMC9066637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in the world. Nowadays, the most common lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), namely, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. Epigenetic alterations that refer to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, are now suggested to drive the genesis and development of NSCLC. Additionally, inflammation-related tumorigenesis also plays a vital role in cancer research and efforts have been attempted to reverse such condition. During the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases, the immune component of inflammation may cause epigenetic changes, but it is not always certain whether the immune component itself or the stimulated host cells cause epigenetic changes. Moreover, the links between epigenetic alterations and cancer-related inflammation and their influences on the human cancer are not clear so far. Therefore, the connection between epigenetic drivers, inflammation, and NSCLC will be summarized. Investigation on such topic is most likely to shed light on the molecular and immunological mechanisms of epigenetic and inflammatory factors and promote the application of epigenetics in the innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
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16
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Bowers EC, Motta A, Knox K, McKay BS, Ramos KS. LINE-1 Cargo and Reverse Transcriptase Activity Profiles in Extracellular Vesicles from Lung Cancer Cells and Human Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073461. [PMID: 35408821 PMCID: PMC8998977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) is an oncogenic human retrotransposon that ‘copies and pastes’ DNA into new locations via reverse transcription. Given that enzymatically active LINE-1 can be exported in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and that LINE-1 mRNA and its two encoded proteins, ORF1p and ORF2p, are required for retrotransposition, the present study examined LINE-1 EV loading patterns relative to reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in vivo and in vitro. Density gradient ultracentrifugation identified conserved patterns of LINE-1 mRNA and protein distribution in EVs, with RT activity readily detected in EV fractions containing both LINE-1 mRNA and protein. Unlike whole cell and tissue lysates, the ORF1p in EVs was detected as a dimer. EVs from ostensibly healthy plasma donors showed variable but consistent ORF1p profiles, with residual levels of LINE-1 mRNA measured in some but not all samples. EVs from cancer cell lines had elevated mean LINE-1 levels and 5–85 times greater RT activity than EVs from normal cells or healthy plasma. EV RT activity was associated with EV LINE-1 mRNA content and was highest in cell lines that also expressed an elevated expression of ORF1p and ORF2p. Given that LINE-1 activation is a hallmark of many cancer types, our findings suggest that an EV LINE-1 ‘liquid biopsy’ may be developed to monitor LINE-1 activity during the course of malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Bowers
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Alexandre Motta
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Ken Knox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Brian S. McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-677-7760
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Pham DAT, Le SD, Doan TM, Luu PT, Nguyen UQ, Ho SV, Vo LTT. Standardization of DNA amount for bisulfite conversion for analyzing the methylation status of LINE-1 in lung cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256254. [PMID: 34403448 PMCID: PMC8370637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly methylated Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements 1 (LINE-1) constitute approximately 20% of the human genome, thus serving as a surrogate marker of global genomic DNA methylation. To date, there is still lacking a consensus about the precise location in LINE-1 promoter and its methylation threshold value, making challenging the use of LINE-1 methylation as a diagnostic, prognostic markers in cancer. This study reports on a technical standardization of bisulfite-based DNA methylation analysis, which ensures the complete bisulfite conversion of repeated LINE-1 sequences, thus allowing accurate LINE-1 methylation value. In addition, the study also indicated the precise location in LINE-1 promoter of which significant variance in methylation level makes LINE-1 methylation as a potential diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer. A serial concentration of 5-50-500 ng of DNA from 275 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissues were converted by bisulfite; methylation level of two local regions (at nucleotide position 300–368 as LINE-1.1 and 368–460 as LINE-1.2) in LINE-1 promoter was measured by real time PCR. The use of 5 ng of genomic DNA but no more allowed to detect LINE-1 hypomethylation in lung cancer tissue (14.34% versus 16.69% in non-cancerous lung diseases for LINE-1.1, p < 0.0001, and 30.28% versus 32.35% for LINE-1.2, p < 0.05). Our study thus highlighted the optimal and primordial concentration less than 5 ng of genomic DNA guarantees the complete LINE-1 bisulfite conversion, and significant variance in methylation level of the LINE-1 sequence position from 300 to 368 allowed to discriminate lung cancer from non-cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Son Duc Le
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Mai Doan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thu Luu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Biology, VNU Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Van Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, 175 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Thuong Vo
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ramos KS, Bojang P, Bowers E. Role of long interspersed nuclear element-1 in the regulation of chromatin landscapes and genome dynamics. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2082-2097. [PMID: 34304633 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
LINE-1 retrotransposon, the most active mobile element of the human genome, is subject to tight regulatory control. Stressful environments and disease modify the recruitment of regulatory proteins leading to unregulated activation of LINE-1. The activation of LINE-1 influences genome dynamics through altered chromatin landscapes, insertion mutations, deletions, and modulation of cellular plasticity. To date, LINE-1 retrotransposition has been linked to various cancer types and may in fact underwrite the genetic basis of various other forms of chronic human illness. The occurrence of LINE-1 polymorphisms in the human population may define inter-individual differences in susceptibility to disease. This review is written in honor of Dr Peter Stambrook, a friend and colleague who carried out highly impactful cancer research over many years of professional practice. Dr Stambrook devoted considerable energy to helping others live up to their full potential and to navigate the complexities of professional life. He was an inspirational leader, a strong advocate, a kind mentor, a vocal supporter and cheerleader, and yes, a hard critic and tough friend when needed. His passionate stand on issues, his witty sense of humor, and his love for humanity have left a huge mark in our lives. We hope that that the knowledge summarized here will advance our understanding of the role of LINE-1 in cancer biology and expedite the development of innovative cancer diagnostics and treatments in the ways that Dr Stambrook himself had so passionately envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ramos
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pasano Bojang
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Emma Bowers
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mukherjee K, Sur D, Singh A, Rai S, Das N, Sekar R, Narindi S, Dhingra VK, Jat B, Balraam KVV, Agarwal SP, Mandal PK. Robust expression of LINE-1 retrotransposon encoded proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:628. [PMID: 34044801 PMCID: PMC8161598 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) results from a series of genetic alteration in squamous cells. This particular type of cancer considers one of the most aggressive malignancies to control because of its frequent local invasions to the regional lymph node. Although several biomarkers have been reported, the key marker used to predict the behavior of the disease is largely unknown. Here we report Long INterpersed Element-1 (LINE1 or L1) retrotransposon activity in post-operative oral cancer samples. L1 is the only active retrotransposon occupying around 17% of the human genome with an estimated 500,000 copies. An active L1 encodes two proteins (L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p); both of which are critical in the process of retrotransposition. Several studies report that the L1 retrotransposon is highly active in many cancers. L1 activity is generally determined by assaying L1ORF1p because of its high expression and availability of the antibody. However, due to its lower expression and unavailability of a robust antibody, detection of L1ORF2p has been limited. L1ORF2p is the crucial protein in the process of retrotransposition as it provides endonuclease and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed on the post-operative oral cancer samples and murine tissues. RESULTS Using in house novel antibodies against both the L1 proteins (L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p), we found L1 retrotransposon is extremely active in post-operative oral cancer tissues. Here, we report a novel human L1ORF2p antibody generated using an 80-amino-acid stretch from the RT domain, which is highly conserved among different species. The antibody detects significant L1ORF2p expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and murine germ tissues. CONCLUSIONS We report exceptionally high L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p expression in post-operative oral cancer samples. The novel L1ORF2p antibody reported in this study will serve as a useful tool to understand why L1 activity is deregulated in OSCC and how it contributes to the progression of this particular cancer. Cross-species reactivity of L1ORF2p antibody due to the conserved epitope will be useful to study the retrotransposon biology in mice and rat germ tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koel Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
| | - Debpali Sur
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery and Oncology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Sandhya Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
| | | | - Rakshanya Sekar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Vandana Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery and Oncology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Bhinyaram Jat
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery and Oncology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | | | - Satya Prakash Agarwal
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery and Oncology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
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20
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Dejima H, Hu X, Chen R, Zhang J, Fujimoto J, Parra ER, Haymaker C, Hubert SM, Duose D, Solis LM, Su D, Fukuoka J, Tabata K, Pham HHN, Mcgranahan N, Zhang B, Ye J, Ying L, Little L, Gumbs C, Chow CW, Estecio MR, Godoy MCB, Antonoff MB, Sepesi B, Pass HI, Behrens C, Zhang J, Vaporciyan AA, Heymach JV, Scheet P, Lee JJ, Wu J, Futreal PA, Reuben A, Kadara H, Wistuba II, Zhang J. Immune evolution from preneoplasia to invasive lung adenocarcinomas and underlying molecular features. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2722. [PMID: 33976164 PMCID: PMC8113327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which anti-cancer immunity shapes early carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is unknown. In this study, we characterize the immune contexture of invasive lung ADC and its precursors by transcriptomic immune profiling, T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF). Our results demonstrate that anti-tumor immunity evolved as a continuum from lung preneoplasia, to preinvasive ADC, minimally-invasive ADC and frankly invasive lung ADC with a gradually less effective and more intensively regulated immune response including down-regulation of immune-activation pathways, up-regulation of immunosuppressive pathways, lower infiltration of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and anti-tumor helper T cells (Th), higher infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs), decreased T cell clonality, and lower frequencies of top T cell clones in later-stages. Driver mutations, chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) and aberrant DNA methylation may collectively impinge host immune responses and facilitate immune evasion, promoting the outgrowth of fit subclones in preneoplasia into dominant clones in invasive ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawna M Hubert
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dzifa Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hoa H N Pham
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nicholas Mcgranahan
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-University College London Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Baili Zhang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisha Ying
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Latasha Little
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi-Wan Chow
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcos Roberto Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Cancer Epigenetics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myrna C B Godoy
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Hu X, Estecio MR, Chen R, Reuben A, Wang L, Fujimoto J, Carrot-Zhang J, McGranahan N, Ying L, Fukuoka J, Chow CW, Pham HHN, Godoy MCB, Carter BW, Behrens C, Zhang J, Antonoff MB, Sepesi B, Lu Y, Pass HI, Kadara H, Scheet P, Vaporciyan AA, Heymach JV, Wistuba II, Lee JJ, Futreal PA, Su D, Issa JPJ, Zhang J. Evolution of DNA methylome from precancerous lesions to invasive lung adenocarcinomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:687. [PMID: 33514726 PMCID: PMC7846738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of DNA methylome and methylation intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) during early carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma has not been systematically studied. We perform reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of invasive lung adenocarcinoma and its precursors, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. We observe gradual increase of methylation aberrations and significantly higher level of methylation ITH in later-stage lesions. The phylogenetic patterns inferred from methylation aberrations resemble those based on somatic mutations suggesting parallel methylation and genetic evolution. De-convolution reveal higher ratio of T regulatory cells (Tregs) versus CD8 + T cells in later-stage diseases, implying progressive immunosuppression with neoplastic progression. Furthermore, increased global hypomethylation is associated with higher mutation burden, copy number variation burden and AI burden as well as higher Treg/CD8 ratio, highlighting the potential impact of methylation on chromosomal instability, mutagenesis and tumor immune microenvironment during early carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcos R Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center of Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-University College London Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, SW73RP, UK
| | - Lisha Ying
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 8528523, Japan
| | - Chi-Wan Chow
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hoa H N Pham
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 8528523, Japan
| | - Myrna C B Godoy
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center of Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Kontic M, Jovanovic D, Kern I, Nelson H, Bojic S, Ognjanovic M, Ognjanovic SI. Is hypermethylation of SOX1 gene an independent prognostic marker in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer? J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 18:1692-1696. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_125_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Propagation and Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells: A Major Influence of the Long Non-Coding RNA H19. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122613. [PMID: 33291403 PMCID: PMC7762009 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a rare population of tumor cells that exhibit stem cell properties with the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells are now widely accepted to be responsible for tumor initiation, development, resistance to conventional therapies, and recurrence. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of CSCs is essential to improve patient management in terms of diagnostics and therapies. CSCs are regulated by signals of the tumor microenvironment as well as intrinsic genetic and epigenetic modulators. H19, the first identified lncRNA is involved in the development and progression of many different cancer types. Recently, H19 has been demonstrated to be implicated in the regulation of CSCs in different types of cancers. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role and mechanisms of action of H19 in the regulation of CSCs. We summarize how H19 may regulate CSC division and cancer cell reprogramming, thus affecting metastasis and drug resistance. We also discuss the potential clinical implications of H19.
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24
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Cardelli M, Doorn RV, Larcher L, Donato MD, Piacenza F, Pierpaoli E, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Rachakonda S, Gruis NA, Molven A, Andresen PA, Pjanova D, van den Oord JJ, Provinciali M, Nagore E, Kumar R. Association of HERV-K and LINE-1 hypomethylation with reduced disease-free survival in melanoma patients. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1689-1706. [PMID: 33125285 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate CpG methylation of long interspersed nuclear elements 1 (LINE-1) and human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) retroelements as potential prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. Materials & methods: Methylation of HERV-K and LINE-1 retroelements was assessed in resected melanoma tissues from 82 patients ranging in age from 14 to 88 years. In addition, nevi from eight patients were included for comparison with nonmalignant melanocytic lesions. Results: Methylation levels were lower in melanomas than in nevi. HERV-K and LINE-1 methylation were decreased in melanoma patients with clinical parameters associated with adverse prognosis, while they were independent of age and gender. Hypomethylation of HERV-K (but not LINE-1) was an independent predictor of reduced disease-free survival. Conclusion: HERV-K hypomethylation can be a potential independent biomarker of melanoma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lares Larcher
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Di Donato
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Pierpaoli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nelleke A Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Arne Andresen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 València, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Zhang X, Zhang R, Yu J. New Understanding of the Relevant Role of LINE-1 Retrotransposition in Human Disease and Immune Modulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:657. [PMID: 32850797 PMCID: PMC7426637 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition is a major hallmark of cancer accompanied by global chromosomal instability, genomic instability, and genetic heterogeneity and has become one indicator for the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of many diseases. LINE-1 also modulates the immune system and affects the immune microenvironment in a variety of ways. Aberrant expression of LINE-1 retrotransposon can provide strong stimuli for an innate immune response, activate the immune system, and induce autoimmunity and inflammation. Therefore, inhibition the activity of LINE-1 has become a potential treatment strategy for various diseases. In this review, we discussed the components and regulatory mechanisms involved with LINE-1, its correlations with disease and immunity, and multiple inhibitors of LINE-1, providing a new understanding of LINE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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26
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Zeggar HR, How-Kit A, Daunay A, Bettaieb I, Sahbatou M, Rahal K, Adouni O, Gammoudi A, Douik H, Deleuze JF, Kharrat M. Tumor DNA hypomethylation of LINE-1 is associated with low tumor grade of breast cancer in Tunisian patients. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1999-2006. [PMID: 32724446 PMCID: PMC7377197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA hypomethylation of long interspersed repetitive DNA retrotransposon (LINE-1) and Alu repeats elements of short interspersed elements family (SINEs) is an early event in carcinogenesis that causes transcriptional activation and leads to chromosomal instability. In the current study, DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu repeats were analyzed in tumoral tissues of invasive breast cancer in a Tunisian cohort and its association with the clinicopathological features of patients was defined. DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repeats were analyzed using pyrosequencing in 61 invasive breast cancers. Median values observed for DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repeats were considered as the cut-off (59.81 and 18.49%, respectively). The results of the current study demonstrated a positive correlation between DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu repeats (rho=0.284; P<0.03). DNA hypomethylation of LINE-1 was also indicated to be associated with low grade (P=0.023). To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first study regarding DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repeats element in breast cancer of the Tunisian population. The results of the current study suggest that, since hypomethylation of LINE-1 is associated with low grade, it could be used as a biomarker for prognosis for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Radia Zeggar
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES10 Human Genetics Laboratory, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Ilhem Bettaieb
- Department of Immunohistocytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Sahbatou
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Khaled Rahal
- Service de Chirurgie Carcinologique, Institut Salah Azaiz de Tunis, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Adouni
- Department of Immunohistocytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Gammoudi
- Department of Immunohistocytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hayet Douik
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES10 Human Genetics Laboratory, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA, Le Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives-Institut François Jacob, 92265 Evry, France
| | - Maher Kharrat
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES10 Human Genetics Laboratory, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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27
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Zolfaghari MA, Karimi A, Kalantari E, Korourian A, Ghanadan A, Kamyab K, Esmaili N, Emami Razavi AN, Madjd Z. A comparative study of long interspersed element-1 protein immunoreactivity in cutaneous malignancies. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:567. [PMID: 32552892 PMCID: PMC7301980 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and commonly classified into malignant melanoma (MM) and Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which mainly include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The extent to which Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1, L1) ORF1p is expressed in cutaneous malignancies remains to be evaluated. This study aimed to assess LINE-1 ORF1p immunoreactivity in various skin cancer subtypes. Method The expression level of LINE-1 ORF1p was evaluated in 95 skin cancer specimens comprising 36 (37.9%) BCC, 28 (29.5%) SCC, and 31 (32.6%) melanoma using the tissue microarray (TMA) technique. Then the association between expression of LINE-1 encoded protein and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results We showed that LINE-1 ORF1p expression level was substantially higher in BCC and SCC patients compared with melanoma samples (p < 0.001). BCC cases had a higher LINE-1 histochemical score (H-score) compared with SCC cases (p = 0.004). In SCC samples, a lower level of LINE-1 ORF1p expression was associated with age younger than the mean (p = 0.041). At the same time, no significant correlation was found between LINE-1 ORF1p expression and other clinicopathological parameters (all p > 0.05). Conclusions According to our observation, LINE-1 ORF1p immunoreactivity in various skin tumor subtypes extends previous studies of LINE-1 expression in different cancers. LINE-1ORF1p overexpression in NMSCs compared with MM can be considered with caution as a tumor-specific antigen for NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Korourian
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghanadan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Kamyab
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaili
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lecerf C, Le Bourhis X, Adriaenssens E. The long non-coding RNA H19: an active player with multiple facets to sustain the hallmarks of cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4673-4687. [PMID: 31338555 PMCID: PMC11105575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit hallmarks in terms of proliferation, resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic instability. Despite the progress in cancer research and the comprehension of tumorigenesis mechanisms, cancer remains a major issue in public health. A better understanding of the molecular factors associated with the appearance or progression of cancer may allow the development of therapeutic alternatives. Increasing data highlight the role of long non-coding RNAs in many diseases, including cancer. The long non-coding RNA H19 was the first discovered riboregulator, and it has been shown to be involved at multiple steps of tumorigenesis. Indeed, this lncRNA exert its action at various molecular scales. Understanding the role of H19 in cancer progression may allow to set up therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor expansion and metastatic dissemination. In this review, we will summarize the overexpression of the long non-coding RNA H19 in several types of cancer and the multiple implications of the long non-coding RNA H19 in the different hallmarks that define human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lecerf
- INSERM, U908, 59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U908 - CPAC - Cell plasticity and Cancer, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- INSERM, U908, 59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U908 - CPAC - Cell plasticity and Cancer, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Adriaenssens
- INSERM, U908, 59000, Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, U908 - CPAC - Cell plasticity and Cancer, 59000, Lille, France.
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Li R, Yang YE, Yin YH, Zhang MY, Li H, Qu YQ. Methylation and transcriptome analysis reveal lung adenocarcinoma-specific diagnostic biomarkers. J Transl Med 2019; 17:324. [PMID: 31558162 PMCID: PMC6764142 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation can regulate the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The present study aimed to identify methylation-driven lncRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers in the prognosis of LUAD using bioinformatics analysis. Methods Differentially expressed RNAs were obtained using the edge R package from 535 LUAD tissues and 59 adjacent non-LUAD tissues. Differentially methylated genes were obtained using the limma R package from 475 LUAD tissues and 32 adjacent non-LUAD tissues. Methylation-driven mRNA and lncRNA were obtained using the MethylMix R package from 465 LUAD tissues with matched DNA methylation and RNA expression and 32 non-LUAD tissues with DNA methylation. Gene ontology and ConsensusPathDB pathway analysis were performed to identify functional enrichment of methylation-driven mRNAs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent effect of each variable for predicting the prognosis of LUAD. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression might provide potential prognostic biomarkers for LUAD patients. Results A total of 99 methylation-driven mRNAs and 17 methylation-driven lncRNAs were obtained. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 6 lncRNAs (FOXE1, HOXB13-AS1_2, VMO1, HIST1H3F, AJ003147.8, ASXL3) were retrieved to construct a predictive model associated with overall survival in LUAD patients. Combined DNA methylation and gene expression survival analysis revealed that 4 lncRNAs (AC023824.1, AF186192.1, LINC01354 and WASIR2) and 8 mRNAs (S1PR1, CCDC181, F2RL1, EFS, KLHDC9, MPV17L, GKN2, ITPRIPL1) might act as independent biomarkers for the prognosis of LUAD. Conclusions Methylation-driven lncRNA and mRNA contribute to the survival of LUAD, and 4 lncRNAs and 8 mRNAs might be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yi-E Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yun-Hong Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Wang T, McCullough LE, White AJ, Bradshaw PT, Xu X, Cho YH, Terry MB, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM, Chen J, Gammon MD. Prediagnosis aspirin use, DNA methylation, and mortality after breast cancer: A population-based study. Cancer 2019; 125:3836-3844. [PMID: 31402456 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors hypothesized that epigenetic changes may help to clarify the underlying biologic mechanism linking aspirin use to breast cancer prognosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study to examine whether global methylation and/or tumor promoter methylation of breast cancer-related genes interact with aspirin use to impact mortality after breast cancer. METHODS Prediagnosis aspirin use was assessed through in-person interviews within a population-based cohort of 1508 women diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer in 1996 and 1997. Global methylation in peripheral blood was assessed by long interspersed elements-1 (LINE-1) and the luminometric methylation assay. Promoter methylation of 13 breast cancer-related genes was measured in tumor by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and the MethyLight assay. Vital status was determined by the National Death Index through December 31, 2014 (N = 202/476 breast cancer-specific/all-cause deaths identified among 1266 women with any methylation assessment and complete aspirin data). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, and the likelihood ratio test was used to evaluate multiplicative interactions. RESULTS All-cause mortality was elevated among aspirin users who had methylated promotor of BRCA1 (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.26-2.22), but not among those with unmethylated promoter of BRCA1 (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67-1.45; P for interaction ≤.05). Decreased breast cancer-specific mortality was observed among aspirin users who had unmethylated promotor of BRCA1 and PR and global hypermethylation of LINE-1 (HR, 0.60, 0.78, and 0.63, respectively; P for interaction ≤.05), although the 95% CIs included the null. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that the LINE-1 global methylation and promoter methylation of BRCA1 and PR in tumor may interact with aspirin use to influence mortality after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Xinran Xu
- Department of Biometrics, Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Jia Chen
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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31
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Shin YJ, Kim Y, Wen X, Cho NY, Lee S, Kim WH, Kang GH. Prognostic implications and interaction of L1 methylation and p53 expression statuses in advanced gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:77. [PMID: 31088544 PMCID: PMC6518708 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 is frequently mutated across various tissue types of cancers. In normal cells, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1, L1) is mostly repressed by DNA methylation in its 5′ untranslated region but is activated by DNA demethylation process during tumorigenesis. p53 is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and plays its role in controlling genomic stability by repressing retrotransposon activity. However, it is unclear whether p53 regulates expression or methylation of L1 differently depending on the mutational status of TP53. Four hundred ninety cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) were analyzed for their statuses in p53 expression and L1 methylation using immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, respectively. Whether L1 methylation and expression statuses were differently affected by types of TP53 mutants was analyzed in gastric cancer cell line. Results By p53 immunohistochemistry, tumors were classified into 4 groups according to the intensity and extent of stained tumor nuclei. L1 methylation level was significantly higher in p53 expression group 1 than in the other groups in which L1 methylation level was similar (P < 0.001). Although L1 methylation and p53 expression statuses were associated with patient survival, multivariate analysis revealed that L1 methylation was an independent prognostic parameter. In in vitro analysis of AGS cells with the introduction of wild type or mutant types of TP53, L1 methylation level and activity were different depending on types of TP53 mutation. Conclusions Findings suggest that L1 methylation level is affected by TP53 mutation status; although, L1 methylation status was an independent prognostic parameter in patients with AGC. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanism of how wild type or mutant p53 affects L1 activity and methylation status of L1 CpG island. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0661-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Joo Shin
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Xianyu Wen
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongo-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Hu H, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Ding R. Prognostic value of RASSF1A methylation status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Biomarkers 2019; 24:207-216. [PMID: 30764677 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1583771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Ras association domain family 1 A (RASSF1A) has been regarded as a biomarker predicting the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but previous findings are inconsistent. This meta-analysis of prospective studies aimed to assess the value of RASSF1A methylation in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Methods: Studies were searched in PubMed and Web of Science. The estimates of the effects and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used for the analyses. The overall effects of RASSF1A methylation on overall survival (OS) were estimated, after which subgroup analysis based on regions was conducted. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to restrict the studies with certain features. Results: A total of 16 studies with 2210 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall analysis result indicated that RASSF1A methylation had no statistically significant effects on OS of NSCLC patients (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.86-1.70), which were confirmed by the subgroup analysis. However, the sensitivity analysis indicated that RASSF1A methylation from lung cancer tissues was significantly associated with lower OS (HR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.04-1.45). Conclusion: RASSF1A methylation in lung cancer tissue can serve as a prognostic factor of NSCLC. More studies are needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- a First School of Clinical Medicine , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Yuefei Zhou
- a First School of Clinical Medicine , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Min Zhang
- b School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Rui Ding
- b School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
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Ramos KS, Bowers EC, Tavera-Garcia MA, Ramos IN. Precision prevention: A focused response to shifting paradigms in healthcare. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:207-212. [PMID: 30869554 PMCID: PMC6425097 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219829759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The study of LINE-1 retroelements and their role in the pathogenesis of diseases of the lung such as COPD and lung cancer may provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools to identify pre-emptively individuals at risk of pulmonary disease progression. Limited information is presently available on the role of LINE-1 in the regulation of disease phenotypes and the development of novel therapeutics designed to curtail LINE-1-mediated pathogenesis. Successful implementation of precision prevention strategies may help to spare those impacted by obstructive pulmonary disease from continued deterioration, while realizing significant cost savings and improved quality of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Data Analytics and Decision Support, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Emma C Bowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Marco A Tavera-Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Irma N Ramos
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health – Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Gao C, Zhuang J, Li H, Liu C, Zhou C, Liu L, Sun C. Exploration of methylation-driven genes for monitoring and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:194. [PMID: 30498398 PMCID: PMC6258452 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common malignant tumors in humans, lung cancer has experienced a gradual increase in morbidity and mortality. This study examined prognosis-related methylation-driven genes specific to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to provide a basis for prognosis prediction and personalized targeted therapy for LUAD patients. Methods The methylation and survival time data from LUAD patients in the TCGA database were downloaded. The MethylMix algorithm was used to identify the differential methylation status of LUAD and adjacent tissues based on the β-mixture model to obtain disease-related methylation-driven genes. A COX regression model was then used to screen for LUAD prognosis-related methylation-driven genes, and a linear risk model based on five methylation-driven gene expression profiles was constructed. A methylation and gene expression combined survival analysis was performed to further explore the prognostic value of 5 genes independently. Results There were 118 differentially expressed methylation-driven genes in the LUAD tissues and adjacent tissues. Five of the genes, CCDC181, PLAU, S1PR1, ELF3, and KLHDC9, were used to construct a prognostic risk model. Overall, the survival time was significantly lower in the high-risk group compared with that in the low-risk group (P < 0.05). In addition, the methylation and gene expression combined survival analysis found that the combined expression levels of the genes CCDC181, PLAU, and S1PR1 as well as KLHDC9 alone can be used as independent prognostic markers or drug targets. Conclusion Our findings provide an important bioinformatic basis and relevant theoretical basis for guiding subsequent LUAD early diagnosis and prognosis assessments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0691-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Gao
- 1College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- 2Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Huayao Li
- 1College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Liu
- 4College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- 2Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- 2Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Changgang Sun
- 2Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
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Line-1: Implications in the etiology of cancer, clinical applications, and pharmacologic targets. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fu Y, Wang W, Li X, Liu Y, Niu Y, Zhang B, Nie J, Pan B, Wang R, Yang J. LncRNA H19 interacts with S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to regulate LINE-1 Methylation in human lung-derived cells exposed to Benzo[a]pyrene. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:84-90. [PMID: 29772428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) have been demonstrated to induce lung cancer risk in humans and many different animal models, with aberrant gene methylation as one of the epigenetic errors; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used three types of human lung-derived cells with BaP exposure as a model and attempted to investigate the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19/S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) pathway that regulates gene methylation in vitro exposure to BaP. Results showed that compared to the controls, BaP-treated cells H19 expressions were increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas SAHH protein expressions were decreased. Indeed, H19 binds to and attenuates SAHH expressions and activity, and this interaction will be enhanced by BaP. However, suppression of H19 exaggerates SAHH protein expression and activity exposed to BaP. Although BaP-treated cells H19 single knockdown expectedly increased long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (LINE-1) methylation and inhibited benzo [a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) -DNA adducts formation with altering SAHH protein expressions and activity, the double knockdown restored methylation to the control level and exacerbated BPDE-DNA adducts formation. Overall, our results uncover a H19/SAHH circuit involving gene-methylation alterations by carcinogen BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wubin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yingying Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Woraruthai T, Charoenlap C, Hongsaprabhas C, Mutirangura A, Honsawek S. Alu hypermethylation and high oxidative stress in patients with musculoskeletal tumors. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5492. [PMID: 30128216 PMCID: PMC6098941 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alu is one of the non-autonomous element retrotransposons, constituting nearly 11% of the human DNA. Methylation changes of the Alu element can cause genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer development, ultimately leading to the development of cancer. Epigenetic factors may induce the aberrant methylation of Alu and also oxidative stress. However, current knowledge of Alu methylation and oxidative stress is limited. There are few studies that have evaluated Alu methylation and oxidative stress on musculoskeletal tumor progression. Therefore, the present study evaluated the status of Alu methylation in musculoskeletal (MS) tumor, adjacent tissues, and blood leukocytes from MS tumor subjects, as well as unaffected participants. Moreover, we also investigated the oxidative stress status in MS tumor subjects and the control participants and determined the correlation between Alu methylation in MS tumors and that in blood leukocytes. Methods Musculoskeletal tumors from musculoskeletal tumor patients (n = 40) were compared to adjacent tissues (n = 40). The blood leukocytes from musculoskeletal tumor patients were compared to the blood leukocytes from controls (n = 107). Alu methylation status was analyzed using quantitative combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). In addition, 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) values were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Alu methylation values in MS tumors were statistically significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P = 0.035). Similarly, Alu methylation statuses in the blood leukocytes of MS tumor subjects were statistically greater than those of control participants (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a positive association between Alu methylation levels in MS tumors and blood leukocytes (r = 0.765, P < 0.001). In addition, the highest tertile was significantly associated with the risk of MS tumors (OR = 14.17, 95% CI [5.08-39.51]; P < 0.001). The 8-OHdG values in MS tumors were statistically higher than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.001) and circulating 8-OHdG levels were substantially greater in MS tumor subjects than in the control participants (P < 0.001). Discussion These findings suggest that Alu methylation in blood leukocytes and plasma 8-OHdG might represent non-invasive biomarkers to help diagnose MS tumors. Therefore, Alu hypermethylation and high oxidative stress might be involved in the pathogenesis of the musculoskeletal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamonwan Woraruthai
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chris Charoenlap
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chindanai Hongsaprabhas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer & Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bojang P, Ramos KS. Epigenetic reactivation of LINE-1 retrotransposon disrupts NuRD corepressor functions and induces oncogenic transformation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1342-1357. [PMID: 29845737 PMCID: PMC6068357 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element‐1 (LINE‐1 or L1) reactivation is linked to poor prognosis in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but the molecular bases of this response remain largely unknown. In this report, we show that challenge of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with the lung carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), shifted the L1 promoter from a heterochromatic to euchromatic state through disassembly of the nucleosomal and remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Carcinogen challenge was also associated with partial displacement of constituent proteins from the nuclear to the cytoplasmic compartment. Disruption of NuRD corepression by genetic ablation or carcinogen treatment correlated with accumulation of L1 mRNA and proteins. Mi2β bound directly to the L1 promoter to effect retroelement silencing, and this response required the DNA‐ and ATPase‐binding domains of Mi2β. Sustained expression of L1 in HBECs was tumorigenic in a human–SCID mouse xenograft model, giving rise to tumors that regressed over time. Together, these results show that functional modulation of the NuRD constituent proteins is a critical molecular event in the activation of L1 retrotransposon. L1 expression creates a microenvironment in HBECs that is conducive to neoplasia and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasano Bojang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth S Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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LINE-1 hypomethylation is inversely correlated with UHRF1 overexpression in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6666-6670. [PMID: 29616129 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that alters gene expression; DNA hypomethylation contributes to tumorigenesis through multiple processes. In the present study, the methylation of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) in 95 gastric cancer (GC) tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues was investigated by pyrosequencing. LINE-1 methylation was compared with the expression of ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring-finger protein 1 (UHRF1), an essential regulator of DNA methylation, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significant hypomethylation of LINE-1 and overexpression of UHRF1 were observed in GC tissues compared with the matched controls (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). LINE-1 hypomethylation was inversely correlated with UHRF1 overexpression in GC tissues (r=-0.026, P=0.028). In addition, LINE-1 hypomethylation in GC was significantly associated with Lauren's histological classification, tumor differentiation and background intestinal metaplasia (P=0.014, P=0.042 and P=0.034, respectively). These results suggest that LINE-1 hypomethylation may be a potential biomarker for GC and it is indirectly regulated by UHRF1 overexpression.
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Si X, Liu Y, Lv J, Ding H, Zhang XA, Shao L, Yang N, Cheng H, Sun L, Zhu D, Yang Y, Li A, Han X, Sun Y. ERα propelled aberrant global DNA hypermethylation by activating the DNMT1 gene to enhance anticancer drug resistance in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20966-80. [PMID: 26980709 PMCID: PMC4991505 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced aberrant DNA methylation is the first identified epigenetic marker involved in chemotherapy resistance. Understanding how the aberrant DNA methylation is acquired would impact cancer treatment in theory and practice. In this study we systematically investigated whether and how ERα propelled aberrant global DNA hypermethylation in the context of breast cancer drug resistance. Our data demonstrated that anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) augmented ERα binding to the DNMT1 and DNMT3b promoters to activate DNMT1 and DNMT3b genes, enhancing the PTX resistance of breast cancer cells. In support of these observations, estrogen enhanced multi-drug resistance of breast cancer cells by up-regulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3b genes. Nevertheless, the aberrant global DNA hypermethylation was dominantly induced by ERα-activated-DNMT1, since DNMT1 over-expression significantly increased global DNA methylation and DNMT1 knockdown reversed the ERα-induced global DNA methylation. Altering DNMT3b expression had no detectable effect on global DNA methylation. Consistently, the expression level of DNMT1 was positively correlated with ERα in 78 breast cancer tissue samples shown by our immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and negatively correlated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of ERα-positive breast cancer patients. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism underlying drug-resistance-facilitating aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer and other estrogen dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Si
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinghuan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin A Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongliang Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andi Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zeller P, Gasser SM. The Importance of Satellite Sequence Repression for Genome Stability. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 82:15-24. [PMID: 29133300 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.033662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Up to two-thirds of eukaryotic genomes consist of repetitive sequences, which include both transposable elements and tandemly arranged simple or satellite repeats. Whereas extensive progress has been made toward understanding the danger of and control over transposon expression, only recently has it been recognized that DNA damage can arise from satellite sequence transcription. Although the structural role of satellite repeats in kinetochore function and end protection has long been appreciated, it has now become clear that it is not only these functions that are compromised by elevated levels of transcription. RNA from simple repeat sequences can compromise replication fork stability and genome integrity, thus compromising germline viability. Here we summarize recent discoveries on how cells control the transcription of repeat sequence and the dangers that arise from their expression. We propose that the link between the DNA damage response and the transcriptional silencing machinery may help a cell or organism recognize foreign DNA insertions into an evolving genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zeller
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan M Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Jeong S, Lee K, Wen X, Kim Y, Cho NY, Jang JJ, Kang GH. Tumoral LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with poor survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:588. [PMID: 28851390 PMCID: PMC5576385 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation changes occurring in cancer cells are featured with both promoter CpG island hypermethylation and diffuse genomic hypomethylation. Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) is repeated in an interspersed manner with an estimated 500,000 copies per genome. LINE-1 has its CpG sites of the 5' untranslated region methylated heavily in normal cells and undergoes demethylation in association with cancerization. However, little information is available regarding LINE-1 hypomethylation and its prognostic implication in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. METHODS A total of 172 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were analyzed for their methylation levels at four CpG sites of LINE-1 using bisulfite pyrosequencing. We examined the relation between tumoral LINE-1 methylation level and clinicopathological features, including survival. RESULTS Tumor differentiation, lymphatic invasion, and T stage were associated with a low average methylation level of LINE-1 at the four CpG sites; LINE-1 methylation level tended to be lower in high-grade differentiation, lymphatic emboli, and higher T stage. LINE-1 hypomethylation was significantly linked with lower cancer-specific survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and was found to be an independent prognostic parameter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that tumoral LINE-1 hypomethylation could be a molecular biomarker heralding poor prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Our findings need to be validated in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seorin Jeong
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoungbun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Xianyu Wen
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-June Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. .,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Transposable elements give rise to interspersed repeats, sequences that comprise most of our genomes. These mobile DNAs have been historically underappreciated - both because they have been presumed to be unimportant, and because their high copy number and variability pose unique technical challenges. Neither impediment now seems steadfast. Interest in the human mobilome has never been greater, and methods enabling its study are maturing at a fast pace. This Review describes the activity of transposable elements in human cancers, particularly long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1). LINE-1 sequences are self-propagating, protein-coding retrotransposons, and their activity results in somatically acquired insertions in cancer genomes. Altered expression of transposable elements and animation of genomic LINE-1 sequences appear to be hallmarks of cancer, and can be responsible for driving mutations in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Burns
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Transposable elements in cancer. NATURE REVIEWS. CANCER 2017. [PMID: 28642606 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.35+[doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements give rise to interspersed repeats, sequences that comprise most of our genomes. These mobile DNAs have been historically underappreciated - both because they have been presumed to be unimportant, and because their high copy number and variability pose unique technical challenges. Neither impediment now seems steadfast. Interest in the human mobilome has never been greater, and methods enabling its study are maturing at a fast pace. This Review describes the activity of transposable elements in human cancers, particularly long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1). LINE-1 sequences are self-propagating, protein-coding retrotransposons, and their activity results in somatically acquired insertions in cancer genomes. Altered expression of transposable elements and animation of genomic LINE-1 sequences appear to be hallmarks of cancer, and can be responsible for driving mutations in tumorigenesis.
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Furlan C, Polesel J, Barzan L, Franchin G, Sulfaro S, Romeo S, Colizzi F, Rizzo A, Baggio V, Giacomarra V, Dei Tos AP, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Vaccher E, Dolcetti R, Sigalotti L, Fratta E. Prognostic significance of LINE-1 hypomethylation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:58. [PMID: 28572862 PMCID: PMC5450111 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inclusion of new biomarkers to improve a personalized treatment approach for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is urgently needed. Hypomethylation of the Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) repetitive elements, a widely accepted surrogate of overall genomic DNA methylation content, was found to be associated with a poor prognosis in several cancers. At present, no studies have investigated the influence of LINE-1 methylation levels on OPSCC relapse. The main goal of this study was the evaluation of the prognostic value of LINE-1 methylation status in predicting early tumor relapse in locally advanced OPSCC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 77 patients with stage III–IVB OPSCC. Methylation of LINE-1 repetitive sequences was evaluated by real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The prognostic relevance of LINE-1 methylation was assessed by comparing patients who relapsed within 2 years from the end of treatment (cases) with those who did not (controls). Results were validated in an independent cohort of 33 patients with OPSCC. Results With respect to early OPSCC relapse, the mean LINE-1 methylation level was significantly lower in relapsed cases than in control group (p < 0.01). Interestingly, LINE-1 methylation was lower in relapsed cases than in controls in both HPV16-negative and HPV16-positive OPSCC patients, even if statistical significance was reached only for the former group (p = 0.01). LINE-1 methylation levels were also significantly reduced in relapsed cases with respect to the controls in OPSCC current smokers (p = 0.02). Consistently, in HPV16-negative current smokers, OPSCC relapse was significantly associated with decreased levels of LINE-1 methylation (p = 0.02). Using logistic regression model, we found that patients with hypomethylated LINE-1 were associated with a 3.5 higher risk of early relapse than hypermethylated ones (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.03–12.00). Adjustment for potential confounders did not substantially change the risk magnitude. Results from the validation cohort confirmed the lower LINE-1 methylation in patients who early relapsed compared to relapse-free patients. Conclusions LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with higher risk of early relapse in stage III–IVB OPSCC. Further validation in a prospective study is needed for its application in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Furlan
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Luigi Barzan
- Department of Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Giovanni Franchin
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Sandro Sulfaro
- Division of Pathology, General Hospital "S. Maria degli Angeli", Pordenone, Italy
| | - Salvatore Romeo
- Department of Pathology, San Donà di Piave Hospital, San Donà di Piave, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Vittorio Baggio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Vittorio Giacomarra
- Unit of Otolaryngology, General Hospital "S. Maria degli Angeli", Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, Treviso Regional Hospital, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy.,Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
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LINE-1 methylation level and prognosis in pancreas cancer: pyrosequencing technology and literature review. Surg Today 2017; 47:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Imperatori A, Sahnane N, Rotolo N, Franzi F, Nardecchia E, Libera L, Romualdi C, Cattoni M, Sessa F, Dominioni L, Furlan D. LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated to specific clinico-pathological features in Stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28625654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that selected genetic and/or epigenetic changes associated with advanced tumours may help identifying early non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that recur after resection. Among epigenetic changes, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation is seen early during carcinogenesis and may act in concert with genetic alterations to cancer progression. LINE-1 hypomethylation and gene mutations frequently involved in lung cancer, were analysed to evaluate their prognostic role in resected stage I NSCLC. METHODS Gene mutations and LINE-1 methylation were analysed in 167 Caucasian patients with stage I NSCLC, namely 100 adenocarcinomas (ADC) and 67 squamous-cell carcinomas (SqCC), using mass-spectrometry and pyrosequencing. We evaluated the correlation between molecular results and clinico-pathological data: age, gender, smoking status, period of surgery, histology, grading, pathological stage, p53 expression, LINE-1 hypomethylation. These variables have been assessed as possible predictors of cancer related survival by regression analysis. RESULTS Frequency and spectrum of gene mutations were significantly different in ADCs compared with SqCCs. p53 positivity was more common in SqCC, while EGFR or KRAS mutations were mainly detected in ADC. LINE1 hypomethylation was associated with SqCC histology, p53 immunoreactivity and smoking habit. Stage IB, LINE-1 hypomethylation and PIK3CA mutation independently predicted a worse cancer-related survival. When combined into a scoring system, their prognostic power was strengthened. CONCLUSIONS In many stage I NSCLC a mutation pattern of advanced disease was observed. Stage IB, LINE-1 hypomethylation and PIK3CA mutation were associated to poor prognosis. Genetic and epigenetic events occurring in early carcinogenesis may help identifying stage I NSCLC patients who deserve adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Imperatori
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Guicciardini 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Nora Sahnane
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Nicola Rotolo
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Guicciardini 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Franzi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Nardecchia
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Guicciardini 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Libera
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Department of biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35010 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cattoni
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Guicciardini 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy; Research Center for the Study of Hereditary and Familial tumors, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominioni
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Guicciardini 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Furlan
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, via Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy; Research Center for the Study of Hereditary and Familial tumors, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Ardeljan D, Taylor MS, Ting DT, Burns KH. The Human Long Interspersed Element-1 Retrotransposon: An Emerging Biomarker of Neoplasia. Clin Chem 2017; 63:816-822. [PMID: 28188229 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large portion of intronic and intergenic space in our genome consists of repeated sequences. One of the most prevalent is the long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1, L1) mobile DNA. LINE-1 is rightly receiving increasing interest as a cancer biomarker. CONTENT Intact LINE-1 elements are self-propagating. They code for RNA and proteins that function to make more copies of the genomic element. Our current understanding is that this process is repressed in most normal cells, but that LINE-1 expression is a hallmark of many types of malignancy. Here, we will consider features of cancer cells when cellular defense mechanisms repressing LINE-1 go awry. We will review evidence that genomic LINE-1 methylation, LINE-1-encoded RNAs, and LINE-1 ORF1p (open reading frame 1 protein) may be useful in cancer diagnosis. SUMMARY The repetitive and variable nature of LINE-1 DNA sequences poses unique challenges to studying them, but recent advances in reagents and next generation sequencing present opportunities to characterize LINE-1 expression and activity in cancers and to identify clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ardeljan
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (IGM) and.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David T Ting
- Department of Medicine and the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (IGM) and .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Wen X, Jeong S, Kim Y, Bae JM, Cho NY, Kim JH, Kang GH. Improved results of LINE-1 methylation analysis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues with the application of a heating step during the DNA extraction process. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:1. [PMID: 28149329 PMCID: PMC5270344 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are important resources for profiling DNA methylation changes and for studying a variety of diseases. However, formalin fixation introduces inter-strand crosslinking, which might cause incomplete bisulfite conversion of unmethylated cytosines, which might lead to falsely elevated measurements of methylation levels in pyrosequencing assays. Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is a major constituent of repetitive transposable DNA elements, and its methylation is referred to correlates with global DNA methylation. To identify whether formalin fixation might impact the measured values of methylation in LINE-1 repetitive elements and whether prolonged heat-induced denaturation of DNA might reduce the artificial increases in measured values caused by formalin fixation, we analyzed paired fresh-frozen (FF) and FFPE xenograft tissue samples for their methylation levels in LINE-1 using a pyrosequencing assay. To further confirm the effect of a heating step in the measurement of LINE-1 or single gene methylation levels, we analyzed FFPE tissue samples of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer for their methylation status in LINE-1 and eight single genes, respectively. Results Formalin fixation led to an increase in the measured values of LINE-1 methylation regardless of the duration of fixation. Prolonged heating of the DNA at 95 °C for 30 min before bisulfite conversion was found (1) to decrease the discrepancy in the measured values between the paired FF and FFPE tissue samples, (2) to decrease the standard deviation of the measured value of LINE-1 methylation levels in FFPE tissue samples of gastric cancer, and (3) to improve the performance in the measurement of single gene methylation levels in FFPE tissue samples of colorectal cancer. Conclusions Formalin fixation leads to artificial increases in the measured values of LINE-1 methylation, and the application of prolonged heating of DNA samples decreases the discrepancy in the measured values of LINE-1 methylation between paired FF and FFPE tissue samples. The application of prolonged heating of DNA samples improves bisulfite conversion-based measurement of LINE-1 or single gene methylation levels in FFPE tissue samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0308-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Wen
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seorin Jeong
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Buj R, Mallona I, Díez-Villanueva A, Barrera V, Mauricio D, Puig-Domingo M, Reverter JL, Matias-Guiu X, Azuara D, Ramírez JL, Alonso S, Rosell R, Capellà G, Perucho M, Robledo M, Peinado MA, Jordà M. Quantification of unmethylated Alu (QUAlu): a tool to assess global hypomethylation in routine clinical samples. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10536-46. [PMID: 26859682 PMCID: PMC4891138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomethylation of DNA is a hallmark of cancer and its analysis as tumor biomarker has been proposed, but its determination in clinical settings is hampered by lack of standardized methodologies. Here, we present QUAlu (Quantification of Unmethylated Alu), a new technique to estimate the Percentage of UnMethylated Alu (PUMA) as a surrogate for global hypomethylation. QUAlu consists in the measurement by qPCR of Alu repeats after digestion of genomic DNA with isoschizomers with differential sensitivity to DNA methylation. QUAlu performance has been evaluated for reproducibility, trueness and specificity, and validated by deep sequencing. As a proof of use, QUAlu has been applied to a broad variety of pathological examination specimens covering five cancer types. Major findings of the preliminary application of QUAlu to clinical samples include: (1) all normal tissues displayed similar PUMA; (2) tumors showed variable PUMA with the highest levels in lung and colon and the lowest in thyroid cancer; (3) stools from colon cancer patients presented higher PUMA than those from control individuals; (4) lung squamous cell carcinomas showed higher PUMA than lung adenocarcinomas, and an increasing hypomethylation trend associated with smoking habits. In conclusion, QUAlu is a simple and robust method to determine Alu hypomethylation in human biospecimens and may be easily implemented in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Buj
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Díez-Villanueva
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Barrera
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi L Reverter
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Daniel Azuara
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Ramírez
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellà
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Perucho
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Peinado
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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