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Wen ZH, Wu ZS, Cheng HJ, Huang SY, Tang SH, Teng WN, Su FW, Chen NF, Sung CS. Intrathecal Fumagillin Alleviates Chronic Neuropathy-Induced Nociceptive Sensitization and Modulates Spinal Astrocyte-Neuronal Glycolytic and Angiogenic Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04254-w. [PMID: 38837104 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nociceptive sensitization is accompanied by the upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system in neuropathic pain. Growing evidence has demonstrated glycolysis and angiogenesis to be related to the inflammatory processes. This study investigated whether fumagillin inhibits neuropathic pain by regulating glycolysis and angiogenesis. Fumagillin was administered through an intrathecal catheter implanted in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Nociceptive, behavioral, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of the inhibition of spinal glycolysis-related enzymes and angiogenic factors on CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Fumagillin reduced CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia from postoperative days (POD) 7 to 14. The expression of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANG2), increased in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) following CCI. The glycolysis-related enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) significantly increased in the ipsilateral lumbar SCDH following CCI on POD 7 and 14 compared to those in the control rats. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that VEGF and PKM2 were predominantly expressed in the astrocytes, whereas ANG2 and LDHA were predominantly expressed in the neurons. Intrathecal infusion of fumagillin significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic factors and glycolytic enzymes upregulated by CCI. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial transcription factor that regulates angiogenesis and glycolysis, was also upregulated after CCI and inhibited by fumagillin. We concluded that intrathecal fumagillin may reduce the expression of ANG2 and LDHA in neurons and VEGF and PKM2 in the astrocytes of the SCDH, further attenuating spinal angiogenesis in neuropathy-induced nociceptive sensitization. Hence, fumagillin may play a role in the inhibition of peripheral neuropathy-induced neuropathic pain by modulating glycolysis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Sheng Wu
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jung Cheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shih-Hsuan Tang
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nung Teng
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wei Su
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
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2
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Roesler J, Spitzer D, Jia X, Aasen SN, Sommer K, Roller B, Olshausen N, Hebach NR, Albinger N, Ullrich E, Zhu L, Wang F, Macas J, Forster MT, Steinbach JP, Sevenich L, Devraj K, Thorsen F, Karreman MA, Plate KH, Reiss Y, Harter PN. Disturbance in cerebral blood microcirculation and hypoxic-ischemic microenvironment are associated with the development of brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2024:noae094. [PMID: 38831719 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) constitute an increasing challenge in oncology due to their impact on neurological function, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. BM occur through extravasation of circulating tumor cells across the blood-brain barrier. However, the extravasation processes are still poorly understood. We here propose a brain colonization process which mimics infarction-like microenvironmental reactions, that is dependent on Angiopoietin (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, intracardiac BM models were used, and cerebral blood microcirculation was monitored by 2-photon microscopy through a cranial window. BM formation was observed using cranial magnetic resonance, bioluminescent imaging, and post-mortem autopsy. Ang-2/VEGF targeting strategies and Ang-2 gain-of-function (GOF) mice were employed to interfere with BM formation. In addition, vascular and stromal factors as well as clinical outcome were analyzed in BM patients. Blood vessel occlusions by cancer cells were detected, accompanied by significant disturbances of cerebral blood microcirculation, and focal stroke-like histological signs. Cerebral endothelial cells showed an elevated Ang-2 expression both in mouse and human BM. Ang-2 GOF resulted in an increased BM burden. Combined anti-Ang-2/anti-VEGF therapy led to a decrease in brain metastasis size and number. Ang-2 expression in tumor vessels of established human brain metastases negatively correlated with survival. Our observations revealed a relationship between disturbance of cerebral blood microcirculation and brain metastasis formation. This suggests that vessel occlusion by tumor cells facilitates brain metastatic extravasation and seeding, while combined inhibition of microenvironmental effects of Ang-2 and VEGF prevent the outgrowth of macrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Roesler
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Spitzer
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiong Jia
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
- Neurosurgery Department, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Synnøve Nymark Aasen
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathleen Sommer
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bastian Roller
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Neurooncology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niels Olshausen
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils R Hebach
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nawid Albinger
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ling Zhu
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fan Wang
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Forster
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Neurooncology, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Sevenich
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthia A Karreman
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl H Plate
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Goethe University, University Hospital, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Xie H, Wang S, Niu D, Yang C, Bai H, Lei T, Liu H. A bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on vascular normalization in cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29199. [PMID: 38617971 PMCID: PMC11015447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor vascular normalization profoundly affects the advancement of cancer therapy. Currently, with the rapid increase in research on tumor vascular normalization, few analytical and descriptive studies have investigated the trends in its development, key research power, present research hotspots, and future outlooks. In this study, articles and reviews published between January 1, 2003, and October 29, 2022 were retrieved from Web of Science database. Subsequently, published research trends, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords were analyzed based on traditional bibliometric laws (such as Price's exponential growth, Bradford's, Lotka's, and Zipf's). Our results showed that the last two decades have seen an increase in tumor vascular normalization research. USA emerged as the preeminent contributor to the field, boasting the highest H-index and accruing the greatest quantity of publications and citations. Among institutions, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University made significant contributions, and Professor RK Jain was identified as a key leader in this field. Out of 583 academic journals, Cancer Research and Clinical Cancer Research published the most articles on vascular normalization. The research focal points in the field primarily include immunotherapy, tumor microenvironments, nanomedicine, and emerging frontier themes such as metabolism and mechanomedicine. Concurrently, the challenges of vascular normalization in cancer are discussed as well. In conclusion, the study presented a thorough analysis of the literature covering the past 20 years on vascular normalization in cancer, highlighting leading countries, institutions, authors, journals, and the emerging research focal points in this field. Future studies will advance the ongoing efforts in the field of tumor vascular normalization, aiming to enhance our ability to effectively manage and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Xie
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongling Niu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Med-X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Fadakar K, Rahmani S, Tedeschi T, Lavine JA, Fawzi AA. Short Term Effect of Pre-Operative Anti-VEGF on Angiogenic and Fibrotic Profile of Fibrovascular Membranes of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:37. [PMID: 38652648 PMCID: PMC11044842 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adjuvant, pre-operative intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have been used to reduce peri-operative bleeding in eyes undergoing pars-plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). To address the concern over their potential off-target effects of progressive fibrous contraction, we sought to dissect the transcriptional changes in the surgically extracted fibrovascular membranes (FVMs). Methods We analyzed surgically extracted FVMs from 10 eyes: 4 eyes pretreated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and 6 untreated eyes. FVMs were digested into single cells, mRNA was extracted from endothelial cell-enriched (microbead selection with CD31) and non-endothelial cell compartments, followed by RT-qPCR quantification. We then compared the relative expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, endothelial cell integrity, and myofibroblastic processes between treated and untreated FVMs. Results Endothelial cells from IVB pretreated FVMs showed significant reduction of VEGFA, VEGF receptors (FLT1 and KDR), and angiopoietin 2 expression as well as increased vascular endothelial cadherin and endothelin, suggesting reduced angiogenesis and enhanced vascular integrity. The non-endothelial cell fraction showed decreased expression of VEGFA and fibronectin, without significant difference in the expression of other profibrotic factors. Conclusions Our findings confirm that adjuvant pre-operative IVB decreased fibronectin and increase endothelin-1 expression without affecting other profibrotic gene expression, uncovering an important interaction between IVB and endothelin-1 that deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Fadakar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Rahmani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Thomas Tedeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jeremy A. Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Amani A. Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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5
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Pathak A, Pal AK, Roy S, Nandave M, Jain K. Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:9077926. [PMID: 38213742 PMCID: PMC10783989 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9077926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the human body, from wound healing to tumor progression. "Angiogenic switch" indicates a time-restricted event where the imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors results in the transition from prevascular hyperplasia to outgrowing vascularized tumor, which eventually leads to the malignant cancer progression. In the last decade, molecular players, i.e., angiogenic biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, have been intensely investigated. Disrupting the initiation and halting the progression of angiogenesis by targeting these biomarkers and molecular pathways has been considered as a potential treatment approach for tumor angiogenesis. This review discusses the currently known biomarkers and available antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, i.e., monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, small molecular inhibitors, miRNAs, siRNAs, angiostatin, endostatin, and melatonin analogues, either approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or currently under clinical and preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Pathak
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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6
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Qian C, Liu C, Liu W, Zhou R, Zhao L. Targeting vascular normalization: a promising strategy to improve immune-vascular crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291530. [PMID: 38193080 PMCID: PMC10773740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapy. Compared with the healthy vasculature, tumor blood vessels are extremely immature, highly permeable, and deficient in pericytes. The aberrantly vascularized tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high interstitial pressure, and immunosuppression. The efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is affected by abnormal blood vessels. Some anti-angiogenic drugs show vascular normalization effects in addition to targeting angiogenesis. Reversing the abnormal state of blood vessels creates a normal microenvironment, essential for various cancer treatments, specifically immunotherapy. In addition, immune cells and molecules are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Therefore, combining vascular normalization with immunotherapy may increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce the risk of adverse reactions. In this review, we discussed the structure, function, and formation of abnormal vessels. In addition, we elaborated on the role of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the formation of abnormal vessels. Finally, we described the clinical challenges associated with the combination of immunotherapy with vascular normalization, and highlighted future research directions in this therapeutic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Sun Y, Yu X, Wang X, Yuan K, Wang G, Hu L, Zhang G, Pei W, Wang L, Sun C, Yang P. Bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy: Target selection and regulatory requirements. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3583-3597. [PMID: 37719370 PMCID: PMC10501874 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) has been rapid, with many new structures and target combinations being created. The boom in bsAbs has led to the successive issuance of industry guidance for their development in the US and China. However, there is a high degree of similarity in target selection, which could affect the development of diversity in bsAbs. This review presents a classification of various bsAbs for cancer therapy based on structure and target selection and examines the advantages of bsAbs over monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Through database research, we have identified the preferences of available bsAbs combinations, suggesting rational target selection options and warning of potential wastage of medical resources. We have also compared the US and Chinese guidelines for bsAbs in order to provide a reference for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Brisson L, Henrique Geraldo L, Bikfalvi A, Mathivet T. The strange Microenvironment of Glioblastoma. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:490-501. [PMID: 36964121 PMCID: PMC11195635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with poor patient survival and lack of effective therapies. Late advances trying to decipher the composition of the GB tumor microenvironment (TME) emphasized its role in tumor progression and potentialized it as a therapeutic target. Many components participate critically to tumor development and expansion such as blood vessels, immune cells or components of the nervous system. Dysmorphic tumor vasculature brings challenges to optimal delivery of cytotoxic agents currently used in clinics. Also, massive infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and limited recruitment of T cells limits the success of conventional immunotherapies. Neuronal input seems also be required for tumor expansion. In this review, we provide a comprehensive report of vascular and immune component of the GB TME and their cross talk during GB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brisson
- BRIC Inserm U1312, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - L Henrique Geraldo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Bikfalvi
- BRIC Inserm U1312, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France.
| | - T Mathivet
- BRIC Inserm U1312, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
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10
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Wälchli T, Bisschop J, Carmeliet P, Zadeh G, Monnier PP, De Bock K, Radovanovic I. Shaping the brain vasculature in development and disease in the single-cell era. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:271-298. [PMID: 36941369 PMCID: PMC10026800 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The CNS critically relies on the formation and proper function of its vasculature during development, adult homeostasis and disease. Angiogenesis - the formation of new blood vessels - is highly active during brain development, enters almost complete quiescence in the healthy adult brain and is reactivated in vascular-dependent brain pathologies such as brain vascular malformations and brain tumours. Despite major advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving angiogenesis in peripheral tissues, developmental signalling pathways orchestrating angiogenic processes in the healthy and the diseased CNS remain incompletely understood. Molecular signalling pathways of the 'neurovascular link' defining common mechanisms of nerve and vessel wiring have emerged as crucial regulators of peripheral vascular growth, but their relevance for angiogenesis in brain development and disease remains largely unexplored. Here we review the current knowledge of general and CNS-specific mechanisms of angiogenesis during brain development and in brain vascular malformations and brain tumours, including how key molecular signalling pathways are reactivated in vascular-dependent diseases. We also discuss how these topics can be studied in the single-cell multi-omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wälchli
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeroen Bisschop
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB & Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Research Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Mei C, Gong W, Wang X, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Wu S, Zhu C. Anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer: Current understandings and prospects of precision medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147717. [PMID: 36959862 PMCID: PMC10027942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most fatal disease of gynecologic malignant tumors. Angiogenesis refers to the development of new vessels from pre-existing ones, which is responsible for supplying nutrients and removing metabolic waste. Although not yet completely understood, tumor vascularization is orchestrated by multiple secreted factors and signaling pathways. The most central proangiogenic signal, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR signaling, is also the primary target of initial clinical anti-angiogenic effort. However, the efficiency of therapy has so far been modest due to the low response rate and rapidly emerging acquiring resistance. This review focused on the current understanding of the in-depth mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, together with the newest reports of clinical trial outcomes and resistance mechanism of anti-angiogenic agents in OC. We also emphatically summarized and analyzed previously reported biomarkers and predictive models to describe the prospect of precision therapy of anti-angiogenic drugs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongning Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Tumor Vasculature as an Emerging Pharmacological Target to Promote Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054422. [PMID: 36901858 PMCID: PMC10002465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature abnormality creates a microenvironment that is not suitable for anti-tumor immune response and thereby induces resistance to immunotherapy. Remodeling of dysfunctional tumor blood vessels by anti-angiogenic approaches, known as vascular normalization, reshapes the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-favorable one and improves the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The tumor vasculature serves as a potential pharmacological target with the capacity of promoting an anti-tumor immune response. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor vascular microenvironment-modulated immune reactions are summarized. In addition, the evidence of pre-clinical and clinical studies for the combined targeting of pro-angiogenic signaling and immune checkpoint molecules with therapeutic potential are highlighted. The heterogeneity of endothelial cells in tumors that regulate tissue-specific immune responses is also discussed. The crosstalk between tumor endothelial cells and immune cells in individual tissues is postulated to have a unique molecular signature and may be considered as a potential target for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
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13
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Gao X, Jiang P, Wei X, Zhang W, Zheng J, Sun S, Yao H, Liu X, Zhang Q. Novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma via anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxicity. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 36793021 PMCID: PMC9930235 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 (Gal-3), the only chimeric β-galactosides-binding lectin, consists of Gal-3N (N-terminal regulatory peptide) and Gal-3C (C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain). Interestingly, Gal-3C could specifically inhibit endogenous full-length Gal-3 to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Here, we aimed to further improve the anti-tumor activity of Gal-3C via developing novel fusion proteins. METHODS PK5 (the fifth kringle domain of plasminogen) was introduced to the N-terminus of Gal-3C via rigid linker (RL) to generate novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C. Then, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of PK5-RL-Gal-3C in vivo and in vitro by using several experiments, and figured out their molecular mechanisms in anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxicity to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS Our results show that PK5-RL-Gal-3C can inhibit HCC both in vivo and in vitro without obvious toxicity, and also significantly prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanically, we find that PK5-RL-Gal-3C inhibits angiogenesis and show cytotoxicity to HCC. In detail, HUVEC-related and matrigel plug assays indicate that PK5-RL-Gal-3C plays an important role in inhibiting angiogenesis by regulating HIF1α/VEGF and Ang-2 both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PK5-RL-Gal-3C induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis with inhibition of Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, CDK4, and Bcl-2, but activation of p27, p21, caspase-3, -8 and -9. CONCLUSION Novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C is potent therapeutic agent by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis in HCC and potential antagonist of Gal-3, which provides new strategy for exploring novel antagonist of Gal-3 and promotes their application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Gao
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin Jiang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Medical Oncology of Huangmei People’s Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei Province 435500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Wei
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Zheng
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shishuo Sun
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Schramm MWJ, Currie S, Lee MT, Livermore LJ, Solanki SP, Mathew RK, Wurdak H, Lorger M, Twelves C, Short SC, Chakrabarty A, Chumas P. Do animal models of brain tumors replicate human peritumoral edema? a systematic literature search. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:451-467. [PMID: 36757526 PMCID: PMC9992038 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain tumors cause morbidity and mortality in part through peritumoral brain edema. The current main treatment for peritumoral brain edema are corticosteroids. Due to the increased recognition of their side-effect profile, there is growing interest in finding alternatives to steroids but there is little formal study of animal models of peritumoral brain edema. This study aims to summarize the available literature. METHODS A systematic search was undertaken of 5 literature databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed and the Cochrane Library). The generic strategy was to search for various terms associated with "brain tumors", "brain edema" and "animal models". RESULTS We identified 603 reports, of which 112 were identified as relevant for full text analysis that studied 114 peritumoral brain edema animal models. We found significant heterogeneity in the species and strain of tumor-bearing animals, tumor implantation method and edema assessment. Most models did not produce appreciable brain edema and did not test for observable manifestations thereof. CONCLUSION No animal model currently exists that enable the investigation of novel candidates for the treatment of peritumoral brain edema. With current interest in alternative treatments for peritumoral brain edema, there is an unmet need for clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz W J Schramm
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK.
| | - Stuart Currie
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ming-Te Lee
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Laurent J Livermore
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | | | - Ryan K Mathew
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Heiko Wurdak
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Chris Twelves
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Paul Chumas
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
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15
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Lee E, Lee EA, Kong E, Chon H, Llaiqui-Condori M, Park CH, Park BY, Kang NR, Yoo JS, Lee HS, Kim HS, Park SH, Choi SW, Vestweber D, Lee JH, Kim P, Lee WS, Kim I. An agonistic anti-Tie2 antibody suppresses the normal-to-tumor vascular transition in the glioblastoma invasion zone. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:470-484. [PMID: 36828931 PMCID: PMC9981882 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression is intimately associated with the vasculature, as tumor proliferation induces angiogenesis and tumor cells metastasize to distant organs via blood vessels. However, whether tumor invasion is associated with blood vessels remains unknown. As glioblastoma (GBM) is featured by aggressive invasion and vascular abnormalities, we characterized the onset of vascular remodeling in the diffuse tumor infiltrating zone by establishing new spontaneous GBM models with robust invasion capacity. Normal brain vessels underwent a gradual transition to severely impaired tumor vessels at the GBM periphery over several days. Increasing vasodilation from the tumor periphery to the tumor core was also found in human GBM. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) showed a spatial correlation with the extent of vascular abnormalities spanning the tumor-invading zone. Blockade of VEGFR2 suppressed vascular remodeling at the tumor periphery, confirming the role of VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in the invasion-associated vascular transition. As angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) was expressed in only a portion of the central tumor vessels, we developed a ligand-independent tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2)-activating antibody that can result in Tie2 phosphorylation in vivo. This agonistic anti-Tie2 antibody effectively normalized the vasculature in both the tumor periphery and tumor center, similar to the effects of VEGFR2 blockade. Mechanistically, this antibody-based Tie2 activation induced VE-PTP-mediated VEGFR2 dephosphorylation in vivo. Thus, our study reveals that the normal-to-tumor vascular transition is spatiotemporally associated with GBM invasion and may be controlled by Tie2 activation via a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhyeong Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Lee
- R&D Center, PharmAbcine Inc., Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Chon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Melissa Llaiqui-Condori
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Ho Park
- R&D Center, PharmAbcine Inc., Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Yong Park
- R&D Center, PharmAbcine Inc., Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu Ri Kang
- R&D Center, PharmAbcine Inc., Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Yoo
- R&D Center, PharmAbcine Inc., Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hong Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,SoVarGen, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Sup Lee
- R&D Center, PharmAbcine Inc., Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ferreira CS, Babitzki G, Klaman I, Krieter O, Lechner K, Bendell J, Vega Harring S, Heil F. Predictive potential of angiopoietin-2 in a mCRC subpopulation treated with vanucizumab in the McCAVE trial. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157596. [PMID: 37207143 PMCID: PMC10190963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiopoetin-2 (Ang-2) is a key mediator of tumour angiogenesis. When upregulated it is associated with tumour progression and poor prognosis. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has been widely used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The potential benefit of combined inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF-A in previously untreated patients with mCRC was evaluated in the phase II McCAVE study (NCT02141295), assessing vanucizumab versus bevacizumab (VEGF-A inhibitor), both in combination with mFOLFOX-6 (modified folinic acid [leucovorin], fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy. To date, there are no known predictors of outcome of anti-angiogenic treatment in patients with mCRC. In this exploratory analysis, we investigate potential predictive biomarkers in baseline samples from McCAVE participants. Methods Tumour tissue samples underwent immunohistochemistry staining for different biomarkers, including Ang-2. Biomarker densities were scored on the tissue images using dedicated machine learning algorithms. Ang-2 levels were additionally assessed in plasma. Patients were stratified by KRAS mutation status determined using next generation sequencing. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for each treatment group by biomarker and KRAS mutation was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots. PFS hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) were compared using Cox regression. Results Overall low tissue baseline levels of Ang-2 were associated with longer PFS, especially in patients with wild-type KRAS status. In addition, our analysis identified a new subgroup of patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC and high levels of Ang-2 in whom vanucizumab/mFOLFOX-6 prolonged PFS significantly (log-rank p=0.01) by ~5.5 months versus bevacizumab/mFOLFOX-6. Similar findings were seen in plasma samples. Discussion This analysis demonstrates that additional Ang-2 inhibition provided by vanucizumab shows a greater effect than single VEGF-A inhibition in this subpopulation. These data suggest that Ang-2 may be both a prognostic biomarker in mCRC and a predictive biomarker for vanucizumab in KRAS wild-type mCRC. Thus, this evidence can potentially support the establishment of more tailored treatment approaches for patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. Ferreira
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cláudia S. Ferreira, ; Galina Babitzki,
| | - Galina Babitzki
- PHCS Biostatistics & Data Management, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cláudia S. Ferreira, ; Galina Babitzki,
| | - Irina Klaman
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Krieter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lechner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Suzana Vega Harring
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heil
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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17
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Molecular dynamics-based insight of VEGFR-2 kinase domain: a combined study of pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking and dynamics. J Mol Model 2022; 29:17. [PMID: 36550239 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase by small molecules has become a promising target in the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE In this study, we approached pharmacophore modeling coupled with a structure-based virtual screening workflow to identify the potent inhibitors. METHODS The top selected hit compounds have been rescored using the MM/GBSA approach. To understand the molecular reactivity, electronic properties, and stability of those inhibitors, we have employed density functional theory and molecular dynamics. Following that, the best 21 hit compounds have been further post-processed with a Quantum ligand partial charge-based rescoring process and further validated by implementing molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS The ten hit compounds have been hypothesized and considered as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase. This study also signifies the contribution of QM-based ligand partial charge, which is more accurate in predicting reliable free binding energy and filtering large ligand libraries to hit optimization, rather than assigning those of the force field-based method. From the binding pattern analysis of all the complexes, amino acids, such as Glu885, Cys919, Cys1045, Thr916, Thr919, and Asp1046, were found to have comprehensive interaction with the hit compounds. CONCLUSION Hence, this could prove to be useful as a potential inhibition site of the VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase domain for future researchers. Moreover, this study also emphasizes the conformational changes upon ATP binding, based on either the receptor's rigidity or flexibility.
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Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Impact. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246245. [PMID: 36551730 PMCID: PMC9776845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic drugs were the only mainstay of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment from 2007 to 2017. However, primary or secondary resistance hampered their efficacy. Primary resistance could be due to different molecular and/or genetic characteristics of HCC and their knowledge would clarify the optimal treatment approach in each patient. Several molecular mechanisms responsible for secondary resistance have been discovered over the last few years; they represent potential targets for new specific drugs. In this light, the advent of checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been a new opportunity; however, their use has highlighted other issues: the vascular normalization compared to a vessel pruning to promote the delivery of an active cancer immunotherapy and the development of resistance to immunotherapy which leads to a better selection of patients as candidates for ICIs. Nevertheless, the combination of antiangiogenic therapy plus ICIs represents an intriguing approach with high potential to improve the survival of these patients. Waiting for results from ongoing clinical trials, this review depicts the current knowledge about the resistance to antiangiogenic drugs in HCC. It could also provide updated information to clinicians focusing on the most effective combinations or sequential approaches in this regard, based on molecular mechanisms.
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Xu M, Zhang T, Xia R, Wei Y, Wei X. Targeting the tumor stroma for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:208. [PMID: 36324128 PMCID: PMC9628074 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic, heterogeneous and commonly tumor-type specific, and it mainly includes noncellular compositions such as the extracellular matrix and the unique cancer-associated vascular system as well as a wide variety of cellular components including activated cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, pericytes. All these elements operate with each other in a coordinated fashion and collectively promote cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been conducted to study the interaction and crosstalk between stromal components and neoplastic cells. Meanwhile, we have also witnessed an exponential increase in the investigation and recognition of the critical roles of tumor stroma in solid tumors. A series of clinical trials targeting the tumor stroma have been launched continually. In this review, we introduce and discuss current advances in the understanding of various stromal elements and their roles in cancers. We also elaborate on potential novel approaches for tumor-stroma-based therapeutic targeting, with the aim to promote the leap from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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20
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Qi S, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Novel Drugs with High Efficacy against Tumor Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6934. [PMID: 35805939 PMCID: PMC9267017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is involved in physiological and pathological processes in the body. Tumor angiogenesis is a key factor associated with tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, there is great interest in developing antiangiogenic strategies. Hypoxia is the basic initiating factor of tumor angiogenesis, which leads to the increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (Ang), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), etc. in hypoxic cells. The pathways of VEGF and Ang are considered to be critical steps in tumor angiogenesis. A number of antiangiogenic drugs targeting VEGF/VEGFR (VEGF receptor) or ANG/Tie2, or both, are currently being used for cancer treatment, or are still in various stages of clinical development or preclinical evaluation. This article aims to review the mechanisms of angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis and to focus on new drugs and strategies for the treatment of antiangiogenesis. However, antitumor angiogenic drugs alone may not be sufficient to eradicate tumors. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is considered a promising molecular target. The VEGFR system and its downstream signaling molecules depend on the function of HSP90. This article also briefly introduces the role of HSP90 in angiogenesis and some HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shoulong Deng
- National Health Commission (NHC) of China Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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21
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Kim HJ, Ji YR, Lee YM. Crosstalk between angiogenesis and immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:401-416. [PMID: 35759090 PMCID: PMC9250479 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer creates a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and various other cellular and extracellular elements. It is essential for the development of anti-cancer combination therapies to understand and overcome this high heterogeneity and complexity as well as the dynamic interactions between them within the TME. Recent treatment strategies incorporating immune-checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents have brought many changes and advances in clinical cancer treatment. However, there are still challenges for immune suppressive tumors, which are characterized by a lack of T cell infiltration and treatment resistance. In this review, we will investigate the crosstalk between immunity and angiogenesis in the TME. In addition, we will look at strategies designed to enhance anti-cancer immunity, to convert "immune suppressive tumors" into "immune activating tumors," and the mechanisms by which these strategies enhance effector immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Jung Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rae Ji
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - You Mie Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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22
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A Comparative Study Between Tumor Blood Vessels and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI for Identifying Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Gene 1 (IDH1) Mutation Status in Glioma. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:650-657. [PMID: 35606665 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) mutations are associated with tumor angiogenesis and therefore play an important role in glioma management. This study compared the performance of tumor blood vessels counted from contrast-enhanced 3D brain volume (3D-BRAVO) sequence and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in differentiating IDH1 status in gliomas. METHODS Forty-four glioma patients [16 with IDH1 mutant-type (IDH1-MT), 28 with IDH1 wild-type (IDH1-WT)] were retrospectively analyzed. A blood vessel entering a tumor was defined as an intratumoral vessel; a blood vessel adjacent to the edge of a tumor was defined as a peritumoral vessel. Combined vessels were defined as the sum of the intratumoral and peritumoral vessels. DCE-derived metrics of tumor were normalized to the contralateral normal-appearing white matter. RESULTS Intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined tumor blood vessels were all significantly different between IDH1-MT and IDH1-WT gliomas, and the range of area under curves (AUCs) was 0.816-0.855. For DCE-derived parameters, cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, mean transit time, and volume transfer constant were significantly different between IDH1-MT and IDH1-WT gliomas, and the range of AUCs was 0.703-0.756. Combined vessels possessed the best performance for identifying IDH1 mutations in gliomas (AUC: 0.855, sensitivity: 0.857, specificity: 0.812, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The number of tumor blood vessels has comparable diagnostic performance with DCE-derived parameters for differentiating IDH1 mutations and can serve as a potential imaging biomarker to reflect IDH1 mutations in gliomas.
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Liu Y, Huang Z, Li Z. Molecular Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis by Dual Bioluminescence. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2524:457-469. [PMID: 35821492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor growth and invasion, and anti-angiogenesis has become a highlight in tumor treatment research. However, so far, there is no reliable solution for how to simultaneously visualize the relationship between tumor progression and angiogenesis. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been broadly utilized and is a very promising non-invasive imaging technique with the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, and robust specificity. In this chapter, we describe a dual bioluminescence imaging BLI protocol for tumor progression and angiogenesis through implanting murine breast cancer cell line 4T1 which stably expressing Renilla luciferase (RLuc) into the transgenic mice with angiogenesis-induced firefly luciferase (FLuc) expression. This modality enables us to synchronously monitor the tumor progression and angiogenesis in the same mouse, which has broad applicability in oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, The College of Life Science, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, The College of Life Science, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, The College of Life Science, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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24
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Ammar OA, El-Missiry MA, Othman AI, Amer ME. Melatonin is a potential oncostatic agent to inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation through multiple pathways. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08837. [PMID: 35141433 PMCID: PMC8814902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chemotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Melatonin is a pineal hormone that targets various cancers, however, its antitumor pathways are still not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study investigated melatonin's antitumor molecular mechanisms to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 Cells were classified into cells without treatment as a control group and cells treated with melatonin (5.4 mmol/L) for 48 h. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 were estimated using immunohistochemical analysis. Apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis. Apoptotic markers were detected using RT-qPCR assay. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers were performed using a colorimetric assay. RESULTS Melatonin produced a remarkable steady decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells at a concentration range between 5-20 mmol/L. Melatonin suppressed cell proliferation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle (34.97 ± 0.92%) and induced apoptosis (12.43 ± 0.73%) through up-regulating p21 and p53 that was confirmed by the reduction of PCNA and Ki-67 expressions. Additionally, melatonin repressed angiogenesis evidenced by the down-regulation of angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expressions (0.42-fold change), and the level of CD133. Moreover, melatonin augmented the oxidative stress manifested by a marked increase of 4-hydroxynonenal levels with a reduction of glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Melatonin inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis and induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. These results indicate the oncostatic effectiveness of melatonin on liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. Ammar
- Basic Science Department, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Azza I. Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Maggie E. Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
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25
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Reinforcing vascular normalization therapy with a bi-directional nano-system to achieve therapeutic-friendly tumor microenvironment. J Control Release 2021; 340:87-101. [PMID: 34662587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Detrimental tumor microenvironment (TME) relies on distorted tumor vasculature for further tumor expansion. Vascular normalization therapy partly improves TME through vessel repairing, while these therapies enter an unbreakable Möbius ring due to each attempt hindered by pro-angiogenic factors from TME, leading to limited duration and extent of vascular normalization. Here, we developed a nanosystem including FLG and MAR/MPA nanodrugs to regulate both tumor vasculature and TME. FLG nanodrugs were constructed by connecting VEGF/VEGFR2 inhibitory low molecular weight heparin and gambogic acid with F3 peptide decoration for directly regulating on vascular endothelial cells and inducing vascular normalization. Meanwhile, MAR/MPA nanodrugs encapsulating CCL5/CCR5 blocker maraviroc were designed to restrict cytokine functions of angiogenesis and TME deterioration, contributing to vasculature repairing and TME reconstruction. Our results demonstrated this combined nanosystem synergistically induced vascular normalization window lasting 9 days and restored vascular permeability and oxygen supply in Panc-1 tumor. Furthermore, in melanoma, our nanosystem achieved immune improvements with increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in a remodeled TME. The two nanodrugs assisting each other in terms of both vascular repairing and TME improvements successfully reversed the vicious crosstalk to a positive one, achieving overall TME remodeling and promoting therapeutic efficiency.
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26
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Angermann R, Rauchegger T, Nowosielski Y, Seifarth C, Egger S, Kralinger MT, Kieselbach GF, Zehetner C. Systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after aflibercept therapy for nAMD: a potential escape mechanism. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e869-e875. [PMID: 33326179 PMCID: PMC8519089 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyse the effect of intravitreal aflibercept injections on systemic angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A levels in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods In a prospective, randomized study, aflibercept (2.0 mg/50 µl) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg/50 µl) was administered intravitreally to 38 treatment‐naive patients. Blood samples were taken before, 7 days after, and 28 days after the first intravitreal therapy. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty‐two age‐ and sex‐matched individuals served as controls. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences of systemic Ang2 and VEGF‐A levels among the treatment and control groups. After intravitreal aflibercept administration, median (interquartile range: IQR) systemic Ang2 was significantly upregulated from 1819 pg/ml (1262–3099) to 2123 pg/ml (1441–3769; p = 0.011) 7 days after the drug injection and remained non‐significantly elevated at 1944 pg/ml (1431–2546 pg/ml; p = 0.653) 28 days after the drug injection. Median (IQR) systemic VEGF‐A levels were significantly reduced from 43 pg/ml (30–57) to 8 pg/ml (8–8; p < 0.0001) 7 days and 16 pg/ml (8–26; p = 0.001) 28 days after the injection in the aflibercept group. There were no significant effects on systemic VEGF‐A and Ang2 levels in the ranibizumab group at any time point following the first injection. Conclusion In this study, we report significant systemic upregulation of Ang2 after intravitreal aflibercept administration. This counterregulatory response may represent a potential escape mechanism from antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Angermann
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Teresa Rauchegger
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Stefan Egger
- Department of Ophthalmology Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | | | - Claus Zehetner
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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27
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Sun Y, Chen W, Torphy RJ, Yao S, Zhu G, Lin R, Lugano R, Miller EN, Fujiwara Y, Bian L, Zheng L, Anand S, Gao F, Zhang W, Ferrara SE, Goodspeed AE, Dimberg A, Wang XJ, Edil BH, Barnett CC, Schulick RD, Chen L, Zhu Y. Blockade of the CD93 pathway normalizes tumor vasculature to facilitate drug delivery and immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc8922. [PMID: 34321321 PMCID: PMC8749958 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immature and dysfunctional vascular network within solid tumors poses a substantial obstacle to immunotherapy because it creates a hypoxic tumor microenvironment that actively limits immune cell infiltration. The molecular basis underpinning this vascular dysfunction is not fully understood. Using genome-scale receptor array technology, we showed here that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) interacts with its receptor CD93, and we subsequently demonstrated that this interaction contributes to abnormal tumor vasculature. Both CD93 and IGFBP7 were up-regulated in tumor-associated endothelial cells. IGFBP7 interacted with CD93 via a domain different from multimerin-2, the known ligand for CD93. In two mouse tumor models, blockade of the CD93/IGFBP7 interaction by monoclonal antibodies promoted vascular maturation to reduce leakage, leading to reduced tumor hypoxia and increased tumor perfusion. CD93 blockade in mice increased drug delivery, resulting in an improved antitumor response to gemcitabine or fluorouracil. Blockade of the CD93 pathway triggered a substantial increase in intratumoral effector T cells, thereby sensitizing mouse tumors to immune checkpoint therapy. Last, analysis of samples from patients with cancer under anti-programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 treatment revealed that overexpression of the IGFBP7/CD93 pathway was associated with poor response to therapy. Thus, our study identified a molecular interaction involved in tumor vascular dysfunction and revealed an approach to promote a favorable tumor microenvironment for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P. R. China
| | - Robert J Torphy
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sheng Yao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gefeng Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ronggui Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily N Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linghua Zheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sudarshan Anand
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Caltech Bioinformatics Resource Center at Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah E Ferrara
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew E Goodspeed
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carlton C Barnett
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard D Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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28
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Chen W, Shen L, Jiang J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Pan J, Ni C, Chen Z. Antiangiogenic therapy reverses the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 34294146 PMCID: PMC8296533 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis induces local hypoxia and recruits immunosuppressive cells, whereas hypoxia subsequently promotes tumor angiogenesis. Immunotherapy efficacy depends on the accumulation and activity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Antangiogenic therapy could improve local perfusion, relieve tumor microenvironment (TME) hypoxia, and reverse the immunosuppressive state. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy might represent a promising option for the treatment of breast cancer. This article discusses the immunosuppressive characteristics of the breast cancer TME and outlines the interaction between the tumor vasculature and the immune system. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy could interrupt abnormal tumor vasculature-immunosuppression crosstalk, increase effector immune cell infiltration, improve immunotherapy effectiveness, and reduce the risk of immune-related adverse events. In addition, we summarize the preclinical research and ongoing clinical research related to the combination of antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy, discuss the underlying mechanisms, and provide a view for future developments. The combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast cancer to promote tumor vasculature normalization and increase the efficiency of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Vukadin S, Khaznadar F, Kizivat T, Vcev A, Smolic M. Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma Treatment: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070835. [PMID: 34356899 PMCID: PMC8301472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma and ensured significant improvement in overall survival versus chemotherapy. ICI or targeted therapy are now the first line treatment in advanced melanoma, depending on the tumor v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutational status. While these new approaches have changed the outcomes for many patients, a significant proportion of them still experience lack of response, known as primary resistance. Mechanisms of primary drug resistance are not fully elucidated. However, many alterations have been found in ICI-resistant melanomas and possibly contribute to that outcome. Furthermore, some tumors which initially responded to ICI treatment ultimately developed mechanisms of acquired resistance and subsequent tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of tumor primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICI and discuss future perspectives with regards to new molecular targets and combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vukadin
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.V.); (F.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Farah Khaznadar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.V.); (F.K.)
| | - Tomislav Kizivat
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Vcev
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.V.); (F.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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30
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Xu K, Han H, Luo Y, Ye H, Lin H, Ni L. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory State Promotes the Transformation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Blood Supply Pattern Toward Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663671. [PMID: 34221978 PMCID: PMC8242235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Local RAS is a key factor to tumor proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC microenvironment, but its role on angiogenesis and VM formation remains unclear. Although overwhelming majority of previous studies suggested that VM is well established in aggressive tumor and facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, we put forward different views from another angle. We proved that status of tumor blood supply patterns, including VM channels and endothelial vessels, can dynamically exchange with each other along with local RAS fluctuations in microenvironment. Quantitatively, ACE2/ACEI promotes VM formation via Nodal/Notch4 activation; while structurally, ACE2/ACEI leads to a strong and solid structure of VM via inhibition of VE-cadherin internalization. These changes induced by ACE2/ACEI relate to relatively low metastasis rate and comforting prognoses of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandi Xu
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huize Han
- Respiratory and Critical Care Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yexin Luo
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Ye
- School of Foreign Studies, Anhui University, Anhui, China
| | - Hongxia Lin
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Delprat V, Michiels C. A bi-directional dialog between vascular cells and monocytes/macrophages regulates tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:477-500. [PMID: 33783686 PMCID: PMC8213675 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression largely depends on tumor blood vessels as well on immune cell infiltration. In various tumors, vascular cells, namely endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, strongly regulate leukocyte infiltration into tumors and immune cell activation, hence the immune response to cancers. Recently, a lot of compelling studies unraveled the molecular mechanisms by which tumor vascular cells regulate monocyte and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and phenotype, and consequently tumor progression. Reciprocally, TAMs and monocytes strongly modulate tumor blood vessel and tumor lymphatic vessel formation by exerting pro-angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effects, respectively. Finally, the interaction between monocytes/TAMs and vascular cells is also impacting several steps of the spread of cancer cells throughout the body, a process called metastasis. In this review, the impact of the bi-directional dialog between blood vascular cells and monocytes/TAMs in the regulation of tumor progression is discussed. All together, these data led to the design of combinations of anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy targeting TAMs/monocyte whose effects are briefly discussed in the last part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Delprat
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Research Unit (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Research Unit (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
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32
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Zhao Y, Fu B, Chen P, Li Q, Ouyang Q, Zhang C, Cai G, Wu L, Chen X. Activated mesangial cells induce glomerular endothelial cells proliferation in rat anti-Thy-1 nephritis through VEGFA/VEGFR2 and Angpt2/Tie2 pathway. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13055. [PMID: 33987885 PMCID: PMC8168418 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation in anti-Thy-1 nephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established anti-Thy-1 nephritis and co-culture system to explore the underlying mechanism of ECs proliferation in vivo and in vitro. EdU assay kit was used for measuring cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect protein expression. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of protein in serum and medium. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to qualify the mRNA and protein expression. siRNA was used to knock down specific protein expression. RESULTS In anti-Thy-1 nephritis, ECs proliferation was associated with mesangial cells (MCs)-derived vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and ECs-derived angiopoietin2 (Angpt2). In vitro co-culture system activated MCs-expressed VEGFA to promote vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2 (VEGFR2) activation, Angpt2 expression and ECs proliferation, but inhibit TEK tyrosine kinase (Tie2) phosphorylation. MCs-derived VEGFA stimulated Angpt2 expression in ECs, which inhibited Tie2 phosphorylation and promoted ECs proliferation. And decline of Tie2 phosphorylation induced ECs proliferation. In anti-Thy-1 nephritis, promoting Tie2 phosphorylation could alleviate ECs proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that activated MCs promoted ECs proliferation through VEGFA/VEGFR2 and Angpt2/Tie2 pathway in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and in vitro co-culture system. And enhancing Tie2 phosphorylation could alleviate ECs proliferation, which will provide a new idea for MPGN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hicks WH, Bird CE, Traylor JI, Shi DD, El Ahmadieh TY, Richardson TE, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Contemporary Mouse Models in Glioma Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030712. [PMID: 33806933 PMCID: PMC8004772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glioma, outcomes remain dismal. Developing successful treatments for glioma requires faithful in vivo disease modeling and rigorous preclinical testing. Murine models, including xenograft, syngeneic, and genetically engineered models, are used to study glioma-genesis, identify methods of tumor progression, and test novel treatment strategies. Since the discovery of highly recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in lower-grade gliomas, there is increasing emphasis on effective modeling of IDH mutant brain tumors. Improvements in preclinical models that capture the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of gliomas are critical for the development of effective new therapies. Herein, we explore the current status, advancements, and challenges with contemporary murine glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Hicks
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Cylaina E. Bird
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Diana D. Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Timothy E. Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 75229, USA;
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.)
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
- Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.)
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Heil F, Babitzki G, Julien-Laferriere A, Ooi CH, Hidalgo M, Massard C, Martinez-Garcia M, Le Tourneau C, Kockx M, Gerber P, Rossomanno S, Krieter O, Lahr A, Wild N, Harring SV, Lechner K. Vanucizumab mode of action: Serial biomarkers in plasma, tumor, and skin-wound-healing biopsies. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100984. [PMID: 33338877 PMCID: PMC7749407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanucizumab is a novel bispecific antibody inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) that demonstrated safety and anti-tumor activity in part I of a phase I study of 42 patients with advanced solid tumors. Part II evaluated the pharmacodynamic effects of vanucizumab 30 or 15 mg/kg every 2 weeks in 32 patients. Serial plasma samples, paired tumor, and skin-wound-healing biopsies were taken over 29 days to evaluate angiogenic markers. Vanucizumab was associated with marked post-infusion reductions in circulating unbound VEGF-A and Ang-2. By day 29, tumor samples revealed mean reductions in density of microvessels (-32.2%), proliferating vessels (-47.9%) and Ang-2 positive vessels (-62.5%). Skin biopsies showed a mean reduction in density of microvessels (-49.0%) and proliferating vessels (-25.7%). Gene expression profiling of tumor samples implied recruitment and potential activation of lymphocytes. Biopsies were safely conducted. Vanucizumab demonstrated a consistent biological effect on vascular-related biomarkers, confirming proof of concept. Skin-wound-healing biopsies were a valuable surrogate for studying angiogenesis-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Heil
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Galina Babitzki
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
| | | | | | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France; INSERM U900 Research unit, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France; Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | | | - Peter Gerber
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Oliver Krieter
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Angelika Lahr
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wild
- Roche Centralized and Point of Care Solutions, Penzberg, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Lechner
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
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Solimando AG, Summa SD, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis: The Endothelial Cell as a Checkpoint for Immunological Patrolling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113380. [PMID: 33203154 PMCID: PMC7696032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinical decision and study design investigating the level and extent of angiogenesis modulation aimed at vascular normalization without rendering tissues hypoxic is key and represents an unmet medical need. Specifically, determining the active concentration and optimal times of the administration of antiangiogenetic drugs is crucial to inhibit the growth of any microscopic residual tumor after surgical resection and in the pre-malignant and smolder neoplastic state. This review uncovers the pre-clinical translational insights crucial to overcome the caveats faced so far while employing anti-angiogenesis. This literature revision also explores how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium harm the crosstalk with an effective immune cell response, envisioning a novel combination with other anti-cancer drugs and immunomodulatory agents. These insights hold vast potential to both repress tumorigenesis and unleash an effective immune response. Abstract Cancer-associated neo vessels’ formation acts as a gatekeeper that orchestrates the entrance and egress of patrolling immune cells within the tumor milieu. This is achieved, in part, via the directed chemokines’ expression and cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface that attract and retain circulating leukocytes. The crosstalk between adaptive immune cells and the cancer endothelium is thus essential for tumor immune surveillance and the success of immune-based therapies that harness immune cells to kill tumor cells. This review will focus on the biology of the endothelium and will explore the vascular-specific molecular mediators that control the recruitment, retention, and trafficking of immune cells that are essential for effective antitumor immunity. The literature revision will also explore how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium impair crosstalk with adaptive immune cells and how targeting these abnormalities can improve the success of immune-based therapies for different malignancies, with a particular focus on the paradigmatic example represented by multiple myeloma. We also generated and provide two original bio-informatic analyses, in order to sketch the physiopathology underlying the endothelial–neoplastic interactions in an easier manner, feeding into a vicious cycle propagating disease progression and highlighting novel pathways that might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
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Duru G, van Egmond M, Heemskerk N. A Window of Opportunity: Targeting Cancer Endothelium to Enhance Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584723. [PMID: 33262763 PMCID: PMC7686513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular abnormalities in tumors have a major impact on the immune microenvironment in tumors. The consequences of abnormal vasculature include increased hypoxia, acidosis, high intra-tumoral fluid pressure, and angiogenesis. This introduces an immunosuppressive microenvironment that alters immune cell maturation, activation, and trafficking, which supports tumor immune evasion and dissemination of tumor cells. Increasing data suggests that cancer endothelium is a major barrier for traveling leukocytes, ranging from a partial blockade resulting in a selective endothelial barrier, to a complete immune infiltration blockade associated with immune exclusion and immune desert cancer phenotypes. Failed immune cell trafficking as well as immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment limits the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. As such, targeting proteins with key roles in angiogenesis may potentially reduce immunosuppression and might restore infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells, creating a therapeutic window for successful immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as more controversial endothelial pathways that govern selective immune cell trafficking across cancer endothelium. Additionally, we discuss recent insights and strategies that target tumor vasculature in order to increase infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells during the therapeutic window of vascular normalization hereby improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Duru
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niels Heemskerk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Han Y, Zhu L, Wu W, Zhang H, Hu W, Dai L, Yang Y. Small Molecular Immune Modulators as Anticancer Agents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:547-618. [PMID: 32185725 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After decades of intense effort, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been conclusively demonstrated to be effective in cancer treatments and thus are revolutionizing the concepts in the treatment of cancers. Immuno-oncology has arrived and will play a key role in cancer treatment in the foreseeable future. However, efforts to find novel methods to improve the immune response to cancer have not ceased. Small-molecule approaches offer inherent advantages over biologic immunotherapies since they can cross cell membranes, penetrate into tumor tissue and tumor microenvironment more easily, and are amenable to be finely controlled than biological agents, which may help reduce immune-related adverse events seen with biologic therapies and provide more flexibility for the combination use with other therapies and superior clinical benefit. On the one hand, small-molecule therapies can modulate the immune response to cancer by restoring the antitumor immunity, promoting more effective cytotoxic lymphocyte responses, and regulating tumor microenvironment, either directly or epigenetically. On the other hand, the combination of different mechanisms of small molecules with antibodies and other biologics demonstrated admirable synergistic effect in clinical settings for cancer treatment and may expand antibodies' usefulness for broader clinical applications. This chapter provides an overview of small-molecule immunotherapeutic approaches either as monotherapy or in combination for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Han
- Lapam Capital LLC., 17C1, Tower 2, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- PrimeGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Wu
- PrimeGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- PrimeGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Hu
- PrimeGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Liguang Dai
- PrimeGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- PrimeGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
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Lugano R, Ramachandran M, Dimberg A. Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:1745-1770. [PMID: 31690961 PMCID: PMC7190605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 926] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Carpenter CD, Alnahhas I, Gonzalez J, Giglio P, Puduvalli VK. Changing paradigms for targeted therapies against diffuse infiltrative gliomas: tackling a moving target. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:663-677. [PMID: 31106606 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gliomas are highly heterogeneous primary brain tumors which result in a disproportionately high degree of morbidity and mortality despite their locoregional occurrence. Advances in the understanding of the biological makeup of these malignancies have yielded a number of potential tumor-driving pathways which have been identified as rational targets for therapy. However, early trials of agents that target these pathways have uniformly failed to yield improvement in outcomes in patients with malignant gliomas. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the most common biological features of gliomas and the strategies to target the same; in addition, the current status of immunotherapy and biological therapies are outlined and the future directions to tackle the challenges of therapy for gliomas are examined. Expert opinion: The limitations of current treatments are attributed to the inability of most of these agents to cross the blood-brain barrier and to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the tumors that result in treatment resistance. The recent emergence of immune-mediated and biological therapies and of agents that target metabolic pathways in gliomas have provided strategies that may overcome tumor heterogeneity and ongoing trials of such agents are anticipated to yield improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Carpenter
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Iyad Alnahhas
- b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Javier Gonzalez
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
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Differential Effects of Ang-2/VEGF-A Inhibiting Antibodies in Combination with Radio- or Chemotherapy in Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030314. [PMID: 30845704 PMCID: PMC6468722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic strategies have not shown striking antitumor activities in the majority of glioma patients so far. It is unclear which antiangiogenic combination regimen with standard therapy is most effective. Therefore, we compared anti-VEGF-A, anti-Ang2, and bispecific anti-Ang-2/VEGF-A antibody treatments, alone and in combination with radio- or temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, in a malignant glioma model using multiparameter two-photon in vivo microscopy in mice. We demonstrate that anti-Ang-2/VEGF-A lead to the strongest vascular changes, including vascular normalization, both as monotherapy and when combined with chemotherapy. The latter was accompanied by the most effective chemotherapy-induced death of cancer cells and diminished tumor growth. This was most probably due to a better tumor distribution of the drug, decreased tumor cell motility, and decreased formation of resistance-associated tumor microtubes. Remarkably, all these parameters where reverted when radiotherapy was chosen as combination partner for anti-Ang-2/VEGF-A. In contrast, the best combination partner for radiotherapy was anti-VEGF-A. In conclusion, while TMZ chemotherapy benefits most from combination with anti-Ang-2/VEGF-A, radiotherapy does from anti-VEGF-A. The findings imply that uninformed combination regimens of antiangiogenic and cytotoxic therapies should be avoided.
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Feng SQ, Zong SY, Liu JX, Chen Y, Xu R, Yin X, Zhao R, Li Y, Luo TT. VEGF Antagonism Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:692-702. [PMID: 30828041 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis pathway is considered to play a vital role in mediating stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. Previous studies have showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonism reduced cerebral ischemic-reperfusion (CI/R) damage, but whether attenuation of ER stress-induced apoptosis is contributing to its mechanisms remains elusive. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effect of VEGF antagonism on CI/R-induced injury. First, oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) BEND3 cell model was constructed to estimate small interfering RNA (siRNA)-VEGF on damage of endothelial cells. Next, in animal model, CI/R mice were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion to investigate cerebral tissue damage. For treatment group, mice received 100 µg/kg anti-VEGF antibodies at 30 min before MCAO, followed by 24 h reperfusion. Our findings demonstrated that pre-administration of siRNA-VEGF before OGD/R changed the biological characteristics of BEND3 cells, reversed the levels of X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), showing siRNA-VEGF attenuated, at least in part, the oxidative damage in OGD/R cell by down-regulating ER stress. In mice experiment, pre-administration of anti-VEGF antibody reduced the brain infarct volume and edema extent and improved neurological scores outcome of CI/R injury mice. Pathological and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining results also confirmed this protective effect. The expressions of VEGF, CATT/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol requiring enzyme 1α (IRE-1α), and cleaved-caspase12 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation were also prominently decreased. These results suggested that inhibition of endogenous VEGF attenuates CI/R-induced injury via inhibiting ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qing Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Shao-Yun Zong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Rong Zhao
- Yunnan province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Ting-Ting Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province.,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
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42
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Semrad TJ, Groshen S, Luo C, Pal S, Vaishampayan U, Joshi M, Quinn DI, Mack PC, Gandara DR, Lara PN. Randomized Phase 2 Study of Trebananib (AMG 386) with or without Continued Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Have Progressed on Bevacizumab, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, or Sunitinib - Results of NCI/CTEP Protocol 9048. KIDNEY CANCER 2019; 3:51-61. [PMID: 30854497 PMCID: PMC6400131 DOI: 10.3233/kca-180041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), angiopoietin (Ang) 2 is elevated at the time of progression on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and may contribute to resistance. Objective: We tested trebananib, an Ang 1 and 2 neutralizing peptibody in patients with RCC progressing on anti-VEGF treatment. Methods: Patients with measurable RCC progressing despite an anti-VEGF agent within 12 weeks, any number of prior treatments, and good PS were randomized to trebananib 15 mg/kg IV weekly without (Arm A) or with (Arm B) continuation of the prior anti-VEGF agent. The primary endpoint for each arm was tumor response (RECIST 1.1). Secondary endpoints included progression free survival and adverse events. Results: Of 41 enrolled patients, 35 were eligible and started treatment (17 Arm A, 18 Arm B) with median age 60 (46–76) and 3 prior treatments (1–8). Four died prior to documented progression and 27 progressed as their first event. Both arms were stopped after interim analysis, 2 responses (11%; 95% C.I. 1–35%) were observed in Arm B. Median PFS of 2.7 (95% C.I. 2.3–4.7) months in Arm A and 5.2 (95% C.I. 2.7–10.8) months in Arm B did not support continued study. Common adverse events including fatigue, nausea, and increased creatinine were generally grade 1–2 and numerically higher in Arm B. The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events were hypertension and dyspnea. Conclusions: While tolerable, trebananib either without or with continued anti-VEGF therapy did not show promising activity in RCC patients who recently progressed on anti-VEGF therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Semrad
- Gene Upshaw Memorial Tahoe Forest Cancer Center, Truckee, CA, USA.,University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Susan Groshen
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunqiao Luo
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sumanta Pal
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Monika Joshi
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David I Quinn
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip C Mack
- University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David R Gandara
- University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Hong B, Muili K, Bolyard C, Russell L, Lee TJ, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Yoo JY, Yan Y, Ballester LY, Bockhorst KH, Kaur B. Suppression of HMGB1 Released in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Reduces Tumoral Edema. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 12:93-102. [PMID: 30719499 PMCID: PMC6350213 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein that binds DNA and transcription factors and regulates chromosomal structure and function. Under conditions of cell death or stress, it is actively or passively released by cells into the extracellular environment, where it functions as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that orchestrates pro-inflammatory cytokine release and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that HMGB1 is secreted in the tumor microenvironment after oncolytic HSV (oHSV) infection in vitro and in vivo. The impact of secreted HMGB1 on tumor growth and response to oncolytic viral therapy was evaluated by using HMGB1-blocking antibodies in vitro and in mice bearing intracranial tumors. IVIS and MRI imaging was utilized to visualize in real time virus spread, tumor growth, and changes in edema in mice. Our data showed that HMGB1 released in tumor microenvironment orchestrated increased vascular leakiness and edema. Further HMGB1 blocking antibodies rescued vascular leakiness and enhanced survival of intracranial glioma-bearing mice treated with oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamaldeen Muili
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,OhioHealth Research & Innovation Institute, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke Russell
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Vyriad, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kurt H Bockhorst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Magkouta S, Kollintza A, Moschos C, Spella M, Skianis I, Pappas A, Vazakidou ME, Stathopoulos G, Kalomenidis I. Role of angiopoietins in mesothelioma progression. Cytokine 2018; 118:99-106. [PMID: 30201261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Anti-angiogenic treatment has been recently shown to be clinically beneficial for mesothelioma patients. Angiopoietins-1 and -2 are key regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Ang-1 is mainly known to promote angiogenesis and vessel stability, while Ang-2 could serve as an antagonist of Ang-1 causing vessel regression and destabilization or enhance angiogenesis in a context-dependent manner. We hypothesized that Ang-1 would promote and Ang2 would halt experimental mesothelioma by affecting tumor angiogenesis. METHODS To examine the effects of angiopoietins in mesothelioma angiogenesis and in vivo growth we constructed Ang-1 or Ang-2 overexpressing AE17 and AB1 mesothelioma cells and implanted them in the respective syngeneic animals. We also explored the clinical relevance of our observations using the human tumoral mRNAseq data available in the TCGA database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Ang-1 promotes mesothelioma angiogenesis and growth while the effect of Ang-2 is context-dependent. Low Ang-1 levels in human mesotheliomas are associated with the epitheloid subtype. Tumors of high Ang-1, or concurrent high Ang-2 and VEGF expression present high PECAM-1 and CDH5 expression, markers of vascularity and vascular stability, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of angiopoietins in mesothelioma pathophysiology and pave the way for the clinical development of novel anti-angiogenic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Magkouta
- "Marianthi Simou Laboratory", 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece.
| | - Androniki Kollintza
- "Marianthi Simou Laboratory", 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Moschos
- "Marianthi Simou Laboratory", 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - Magdalini Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skianis
- Applied Econometrics & Data Analysis, Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economic & Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Pappas
- "Marianthi Simou Laboratory", 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Vazakidou
- "Marianthi Simou Laboratory", 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kalomenidis
- "Marianthi Simou Laboratory", 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece
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45
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Coelho AL, Gomes MP, Catarino RJ, Rolfo C, Lopes AM, Medeiros RM, Araújo AM. Angiogenesis in NSCLC: is vessel co-option the trunk that sustains the branches? Oncotarget 2018; 8:39795-39804. [PMID: 26950275 PMCID: PMC5503654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of angiogenesis in tumor development makes its inhibition a valuable new approach in therapy, rapidly making anti-angiogenesis a major focus in research. While the VEGF/VEGFR pathway is the main target of the approved anti-angiogenic molecules in NSCLC treatment, the results obtained are still modest, especially due to resistance mechanisms. Accumulating scientific data show that vessel co-option is an alternative mechanism to angiogenesis during tumor development in well-vascularized organs such as the lungs, where tumor cells highjack the existing vasculature to obtain its blood supply in a non-angiogenic fashion. This can explain the low/lack of response to current anti-angiogenic strategies. The same principle applies to lung metastases of other primary tumors. The exact mechanisms of vessel co-option need to be further elucidated, but it is known that the co-opted vessels regress by the action of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a vessel destabilizing cytokine expressed by the endothelial cells of the pre-existing mature vessels. In the absence of VEGF, vessel regression leads to tumor cell loss and hypoxia, with a subsequent switch to a neoangiogenic phenotype by the remaining tumor cells. Unravelling the vessel co-option mechanisms and involved players may be fruitful for numerous reasons, and the particularities of this form of vascularization should be carefully considered when planning anti-angiogenic interventions or designing clinical trials for this purpose. In view of the current knowledge, rationale for therapeutic approaches of dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF are swiftly gaining strength and may serve as a launchpad to more successful NSCLC anti-vascular treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Coelho
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Patrícia Gomes
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Jorge Catarino
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I, Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Centre of Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Agostinho Marques Lopes
- Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Pulmonology Department, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Medeiros
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro (NRNorte), Research Department, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Manuel Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Medical Oncology Department, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a major therapeutic modality in oncology. Currently, however, the majority of patients with cancer do not derive benefit from these treatments. Vascular abnormalities are a hallmark of most solid tumours and facilitate immune evasion. These abnormalities stem from elevated levels of proangiogenic factors, such as VEGF and angiopoietin 2 (ANG2); judicious use of drugs targeting these molecules can improve therapeutic responsiveness, partially owing to normalization of the abnormal tumour vasculature that can, in turn, increase the infiltration of immune effector cells into tumours and convert the intrinsically immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) to an immunosupportive one. Immunotherapy relies on the accumulation and activity of immune effector cells within the TME, and immune responses and vascular normalization seem to be reciprocally regulated. Thus, combining antiangiogenic therapies and immunotherapies might increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and diminish the risk of immune-related adverse effects. In this Perspective, we outline the roles of VEGF and ANG2 in tumour immune evasion and progression, and discuss the evidence indicating that antiangiogenic agents can normalize the TME. We also suggest ways that antiangiogenic agents can be combined with immune-checkpoint inhibitors to potentially improve patient outcomes, and highlight avenues of future research.
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Conroy S, Kruyt FAE, Wagemakers M, Bhat KPL, den Dunnen WFA. IL-8 associates with a pro-angiogenic and mesenchymal subtype in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15721-15731. [PMID: 29644004 PMCID: PMC5884659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by a high rate of vascularization. However, therapeutic targeting of the vasculature through anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment has been disappointing, for which Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) upregulation has partly been held accountable. In this study we therefore explored the interplay of Ang-2 and VEGFA and their effect on angiogenesis in GBM, especially in the context of molecular subclasses. In a large patient cohort we identified that especially combined high expression of Ang-2 and VEGFA predicted poor overall survival of GBM patients. The high expression of both factors was also associated with increased IL-8 expression in GBM tissues, but in vitro stimulation with Ang-2 and/or VEGFA did not indicate tumor or endothelial cell-specific IL-8 responses. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) of the mesenchymal (MES) subtype showed dramatically higher expression of IL8 when compared to proneural (PN) GSCs. Secreted IL-8 derived from MES GSCs induced endothelial proliferation and tube formation, and the MES GBMs had increased counts of proliferating endothelial cells. Our results highlight a critical pro-angiogenic role of IL-8 in MES GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Conroy
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Wagemakers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Krishna P L Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as the most potent cytokine involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis formation. Clinical results of anti-angiogenic therapies targeting VEGF and its receptors are very modest, resulting in a moderate improvement of overall survival. The clinical outcome is associated with the development of resistance and the increased risk of invasion and metastasis. In this article, I have analyzed the principal mechanisms of resistance to VEGF pathway inhibitors, including normalization of tumor blood vessels, hypoxia, recruitment of inflammatory cells and immature myeloid cells, alternative mechanisms of tumor vessel formation, genomic instability of tumor endothelial cells. In this context, the concept and strategies of anti-angiogenic therapies should be extensively re-considered and re-evaluated. In particular, rational combinations of anti-angiogenic agents based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data are needed to overcome resistance and it is extremely important to determine the optimal duration and scheduling of anti-VEGF agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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49
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Reardon DA, Lassman AB, Schiff D, Yunus SA, Gerstner ER, Cloughesy TF, Lee EQ, Gaffey SC, Barrs J, Bruno J, Muzikansky A, Duda DG, Jain RK, Wen PY. Phase 2 and biomarker study of trebananib, an angiopoietin-blocking peptibody, with and without bevacizumab for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Cancer 2017; 124:1438-1448. [PMID: 29266174 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietins contribute to tumor angiogenesis and may be upregulated as a compensatory factor after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade. The authors performed a phase 2 and biomarker study to evaluate trebananib, an angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 blocking peptibody, with and without bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS Forty-eight patients who had bevacizumab-naive, recurrent glioblastoma were treated with trebananib (30 mg/kg weekly) as single agent (n = 11) or combined with bevacizumab (n = 37). The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival rate as determined by investigator review. Circulating biomarker levels were assessed before and after study therapy. RESULTS Trebananib was well tolerated as monotherapy and did not enhance bevacizumab-associated toxicity. Trebananib had no single-agent activity, and all treated patients exhibited progressive disease within 2 months. The 6-month progression-free survival rate for trebananib plus bevacizumab was 24.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1%-38.8%); whereas the median overall survival was 9.5 months (95% CI, 7.5-4.7 months), and the 12-month overall survival rate was 37.8% (95% CI, 22.6%-53.0%). Baseline and post-treatment changes in circulating vascular VEGF and interleukin-8 levels were correlated with survival among patients who received trebananib plus bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 inhibition with trebananib was ineffective as monotherapy and did not enhance the ability of VEGF blockade with bevacizumab to improve the outcomes of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Cancer 2018;124:1438-48. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shakeeb A Yunus
- Hematology/Oncology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worchester, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eudocia Quant Lee
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah C Gaffey
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Barrs
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Bruno
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Comunanza V, Bussolino F. Therapy for Cancer: Strategy of Combining Anti-Angiogenic and Target Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:101. [PMID: 29270405 PMCID: PMC5725406 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that blood supply is required and necessary for cancer growth and spreading is intuitive and was firstly formalized by Judah Folkman in 1971, when he demonstrated that cancer cells release molecules able to promote the proliferation of endothelial cells and the formation of new vessels. This seminal result has initiated one of the most fascinating story of the medicine, which is offering a window of opportunity for cancer treatment based on the use of molecules inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and in particular vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the master gene in vasculature formation and is the commonest target of anti-angiogenic regimens. However, the clinical results are far from the remarkable successes obtained in pre-clinical models. The reasons of this discrepancy have been partially understood and well addressed in many reviews (Bergers and Hanahan, 2008; Bottsford-Miller et al., 2012; El-Kenawi and El-Remessy, 2013; Wang et al., 2015; Jayson et al., 2016). At present anti-angiogenic regimens are not used as single treatments but associated with standard chemotherapies. Based on emerging knowledge of the biology of VEGF, here we sustain the hypothesis of the efficacy of a dual approach based on targeting pro-angiogenic pathways and other druggable targets such as mutated oncogenes or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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