1
|
Jiang Y, Shen X, Zhi F, Wen Z, Gao Y, Xu J, Yang B, Bai Y. An overview of arsenic trioxide-involved combined treatment algorithms for leukemia: basic concepts and clinical implications. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:266. [PMID: 37500645 PMCID: PMC10374529 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide is a first-line treatment drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia, which is also effective for other kinds of leukemia. Its side effects, however, limit its clinical application, especially for patients with complex leukemia symptoms. Combination therapy can effectively alleviate these problems. This review summarizes the research progress on the combination of arsenic trioxide with anticancer drugs, vitamin and vitamin analogs, plant products, and other kinds of drugs in the treatment of leukemia. Additionally, the new progress in arsenic trioxide-induced cardiotoxicity was summarized. This review aims to provide new insights for the rational clinical application of arsenic trioxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuyun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengnan Zhi
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengchao Wen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU070), Harbin, China.
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J, Chen C. Potential of natural products in combination with arsenic trioxide: Investigating cardioprotective effects and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114464. [PMID: 37060657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, clinical trials conducted worldwide have demonstrated the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Currently, ATO has become the frontline treatments for patients with APL. However, its therapeutic applicability is severely constrained by ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Any cardioprotective agents that can ameliorate the cardiac side effects and allow exploiting the full therapeutic potential of ATO, undoubtedly gain significant attention. The knowledge and use of natural products for evidence-based therapy have grown rapidly in recent years. Here we discussed the potential mechanism of ATO-induced cardiac side effects and reviewed the studies on cardiac side effects as well as the research history of ATO in the treatment of APL. Then, We summarized the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Based on the efficacy and safety of the natural product, it has a promising future in the development of cardioprotective agents against ATO-induced cardiac side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar S, Tchounwou PB. Arsenic trioxide reduces the expression of E2F1, cyclin E, and phosphorylation of PI3K signaling molecules in acute leukemia cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1785-1792. [PMID: 34042274 PMCID: PMC8453914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although ATO modulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis in APL cells, its exact mechanism of action remains elusive. In this research, we investigated its effects on E2F1, cyclin E, p53, pRb, and PI3K signaling molecules by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and/or confocal imaging. We found that ATO inhibited the proliferation of APL cells through down-regulation of E2F1 and cyclin E expression, and stimulation of pRb. It also reduced the interaction of pRb and E2F1with binding to the E2F1 promoter, by stimulating pRb association. ATO also effected the phosphorylation of pRb at S608 and T373 residues and association of E2F1, pRb, and p53, simultaneously. However, in p53-knockdown NB4 cells, ATO did not significantly reduce E2F1 and cyclin E expression. Our findings demonstrate that ATO inhibits APL cell growth through reduced expression of E2F1, cyclin E, and stimulation of pRb. It also effected both interaction and association of E2F1, pRb, and p53 by phosphorylation of pRb at T373 and S608 residues and reduced phosphorylation of PI3K signaling molecules. This novel mode of action of ATO in APL cells may be useful for designing new APL drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research LaboratoryNIH/NIMHD‐RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State UniversityJacksonMississippi
- Department of life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental SciencesCentral UniversityGayaSouth BiharIndia
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research LaboratoryNIH/NIMHD‐RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State UniversityJacksonMississippi
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rozovski U, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Manshouri T, Veletic I, Ferrajoli A, Bose P, Thompson P, Jain N, Verstovsek S, Wierda W, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. STAT3 induces the expression of GLI1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2021; 12:401-411. [PMID: 33747356 PMCID: PMC7939524 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The glioma associated oncogene-1 (GLI1), a downstream effector of the embryonic Hedgehog pathway, was detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but not normal adult cells. GLI1 activating mutations were identified in 10% of patients with CLL. However, what induces GLI1 expression in GLI1-unmutated CLL cells is unknown. Because signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in CLL cells and sequence analysis detected putative STAT3-binding sites in the GLI1 gene promoter, we hypothesized that STAT3 induces the expression of GLI1. Western immunoblotting detected GLI1 in CLL cells from 7 of 7 patients, flow cytometry analysis confirmed that CD19+/CD5+ CLL cells co-express GLI1 and confocal microscopy showed co-localization of GLI1 and phosphorylated STAT3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that STAT3 protein co-immunoprecipitated GLI1 as well as other STAT3-regulated genes. Transfection of CLL cells with STAT3-shRNA induced a mark decrease in GLI1 levels, suggesting that STAT3 binds to and induces the expression of GLI1 in CLL cells. An electromobility shift assay confirmed that STAT3 binds, and a luciferase assay showed that STAT3 activates the GLI1 gene. Transfection with GLI1-siRNA significantly increased the spontaneous apoptosis rate of CLL cells, suggesting that GLI1 inhibitors might provide therapeutic benefit to patients with CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqva, and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Phillip Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohammadi Kian M, Haghi A, Salami M, Chahardouli B, Rostami SH, Malekzadeh K, Kamranzadeh Foumani H, Mohammadi S, Nikbakht M. Arsenic Trioxide and Thalidomide Combination Induces Autophagy Along with Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Cell Lines. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:193-202. [PMID: 31721534 PMCID: PMC6874786 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Autophagy and apoptosis play key roles in cancer survival and pathogenesis and are governed by specific genes which have a dual role in both cell death and survival. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and thalidomide (THAL) are used for treatment of many types of hematologic malignancies. ATO prevents the proliferation of cells and induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. Moreover, THAL has immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic effects in malignant cells. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of ATO and THAL on U937 and KG-1 cells, and evaluation of mRNA expression level of VEGFs genes, PI3K genes and some of autophagy genes. Materials and Methods In this in vitro experimental study, U937 and KG-1 cells were treated by ATO (0.4-5 μM) and THAL (5-100 μM) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle arrest were evaluated by flow cytometry (Annexin/PI) and cell cycle flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The effect of ATO/THAL on mRNAs expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results ATO/THAL combination enhanced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Also, ATO/THAL induced SubG1/ G1 phase arrest. mRNA expression levels of VEGFC (contrary to other VEGFs isoform), PI3K, AKT, mTOR, MEK1, PTEN, IL6, LC3 and P62 genes were upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells following treatment with ATO/THAL. Conclusion Combined treatment with ATO and THAL can inhibit proliferation and invasion of AML cells by down-regulating ULK1 and BECLIN1 and up-regulating PTEN and IL6, and this effect was more marked than the effects of ATO and THAL alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mohammadi Kian
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Young Researchers and Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salami
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Chahardouli
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hahrbanoo Rostami
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Malekzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center (MMRC), Hormozgan University of Medical Science (HUMS), Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Hosein Kamranzadeh Foumani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikbakht
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lang W, Zhu J, Chen F, Cai J, Zhong J. EVI-1 modulates arsenic trioxide induced apoptosis through JNK signalling pathway in leukemia cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:140-151. [PMID: 30472098 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High expression of the oncogene ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI-1) is an independent negative prognostic indicator of survival in leukemia patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on EVI-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone marrow and peripheral blood of AML patients and healthy donors. EVI-1 expression in hematopoietic cells was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. EVI-1 was highly expressed in both primary AML and leukemia cell lines (THP-1 and K562). ATO down-regulated EVI-1 mRNA in zebrafish in vivo as well as in primary leukemia cells and THP-1 and K562 cells in vitro. Additionally, ATO treatment induced apoptosis, down-regulated both EVI-1 mRNA and oncoprotein expression, increased the expression of pro-apoptosis proteins, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in leukemia cells in vitro. EVI-1 expression in leukemia cells (THP-1 and K562) transduced with EVI-1 siRNA was significantly reduced. Silencing EVI-1 had a significant effect on the activation of the JNK pathway and the induction of leukemia cell apoptosis. ATO may downregulate EVI-1 mRNA and oncoprotein levels and block the inhibitory effects of EVI-1 on the JNK pathway, which activates the JNK apoptotic pathway, thereby leading to the apoptosis of EVI-1 in AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lang
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianyi Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jiayi Cai
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jihua Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Toosi B, Zaker F, Alikarami F, Kazemi A, Teremmahi Ardestanii M. VS-5584 as a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor enhances apoptotic effects of subtoxic dose arsenic trioxide via inhibition of NF-κB activity in B cell precursor-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:428-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
8
|
Chen QY, Costa M. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway and the Biphasic Effect of Arsenic in Carcinogenesis. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:784-792. [PMID: 29769245 PMCID: PMC5994485 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring, ubiquitous metalloid found in the Earth’s crust. In its inorganic form, arsenic is highly toxic and carcinogenic and is widely found across the globe and throughout the environment. As an International Agency for Research on Cancer–defined class 1 human carcinogen, arsenic can cause multiple human cancers, including liver, lung, urinary bladder, skin, kidney, and prostate. Mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis remain elusive, and this review focuses specifically on the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in promoting cancer development. In addition to exerting potent carcinogenic responses, arsenic is also known for its therapeutic effects against acute promyelocytic leukemia. Current literature suggests that arsenic can achieve both therapeutic as well as carcinogenic effects, and this review serves to examine the paradoxical effects of arsenic, specifically through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of current literature reveals an imperative need for future studies to establish and pinpoint the exact conditions for which arsenic can, and through what mechanisms it is able to, differentially regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to maximize the therapeutic and minimize the carcinogenic properties of arsenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amigo-Jiménez I, Bailón E, Aguilera-Montilla N, García-Marco JA, García-Pardo A. Gene expression profile induced by arsenic trioxide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells reveals a central role for heme oxygenase-1 in apoptosis and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83359-83377. [PMID: 27829220 PMCID: PMC5347775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CLL remains an incurable disease in spite of the many new compounds being tested. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces apoptosis in all CLL cell types and could constitute an efficient therapy. To further explore this, we have studied the gene expression profile induced by ATO in CLL cells. ATO modulated many genes, largely involved in oxidative stress, being HMOX1 the most upregulated gene, also induced at the protein level. ATO also increased MMP-9, as we previously observed, both at the mRNA and protein level. Using specific inhibitors, qPCR analyses, and gene silencing approaches we demonstrate that upregulation of MMP-9 by ATO involved activation of the p38 MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, gene silencing HMOX1 or inhibiting HMOX1 activity enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and c-jun expression/activation, resulting in transcriptional upregulation of MMP-9. Overexpression of HMOX1 or enhancement of its activity, had the opposite effect. Cell viability analyses upon modulation of HMOX1 expression or activity demonstrated that HMOX1 had a pro-apoptotic role and enhanced the cytotoxic effect of ATO in CLL cells. We have therefore identified a new mechanism in which HMOX1 plays a central role in the response of CLL cells to ATO and in the regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein MMP-9. Thus, HMOX1 arises as a new therapeutic target in CLL and the combination of HMOX1 modulators with ATO may constitute an efficient therapeutic strategy in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Amigo-Jiménez
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Bailón
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Aguilera-Montilla
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A García-Marco
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Hematology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen S, Nagel S, Schneider B, Dai H, Geffers R, Kaufmann M, Meyer C, Pommerenke C, Thress KS, Li J, Quentmeier H, Drexler HG, MacLeod RAF. A new ETV6-NTRK3 cell line model reveals MALAT1 as a novel therapeutic target - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 41:93-101. [PMID: 29119387 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, the chromosomal translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25) has been found to recurrently occur in both solid tumors and leukemias. This translocation leads to ETV6-NTRK3 (EN) gene fusions resulting in ectopic expression of the NTRK3 neurotropic tyrosine receptor kinase moiety as well as oligomerization through the donated ETV6-sterile alpha motif domain. As yet, no in vitro cell line model carrying this anomaly is available. Here we genetically characterized the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line AP-1060 and, by doing so, revealed the presence of a t(12;15)(p13;q25). Subsequently, we evaluated its suitability as a model for this important clinical entity. METHODS Spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and genomic and transcriptomic microarray-based profiling were used to screen for the presence of EN fusions. qRT-PCR was used for quantitative expression analyses. Responses to AZ-23 (NTRK) and wortmannin (PI3K) inhibitors, as well as to arsenic trioxide (ATO), were assessed using colorimetric assays. An AZ-23 microarray screen was used to define the EN targetome, which was parsed bioinformatically. MAPK1 and MALAT1 activation were assayed using Western blotting and RNA-FISH, respectively, whereas an AML patient cohort was used to assess the clinical occurrence of MALAT1 activation. RESULTS An EN fusion was detected in AP1060 cells which, accordingly, turned out to be hypersensitive to AZ-23. We also found that AZ-23 can potentiate the effect of ATO and inhibit the phosphorylation of its canonical target MAPK1. The AZ-23 microarray screen highlighted a novel EN target, MALAT1, which also proved sensitive to wortmannin. Finally, we found that MALAT1 was massively up-regulated in a subset of AML patients. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that AP-1060 may serve as a first publicly available preclinical model for EN. In addition, we conclude that these EN-positive cells are sensitive to the NTRK inhibitor AZ-23 and that this inhibitor may potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of ATO. Our data also highlight a novel AML EN target, MALAT1, which was so far only conspicuous in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suning Chen
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bjoern Schneider
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Haiping Dai
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yixing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hilmar Quentmeier
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- N K Haass
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu L, Chen M, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Hu R, Zhu J, Yan R, Dai K. Ethanol Induces Platelet Apoptosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:291-298. [PMID: 28081301 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse incurs severe medical conditions, such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage, but the pathogenesis is not totally understood. Alcohol has been reported to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells, such as hepatocyte, nerve cell, corneal fibroblasts. However, it is still unclear whether alcohol induces platelet apoptosis. METHODS Washed human platelets were pretreated with ethanol (EtOH), and apoptotic events and platelet function were detected. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice were given EtOH by gavage. Platelet counts, tail bleeding time, and the stomach were examined. RESULTS EtOH dose dependently induces depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and caspase-3 activation. EtOH does not induce surface expression of P-selectin or PAC-1 binding, whereas significantly reduces collagen-, thrombin-, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, EtOH induces c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. In an in vivo mouse model of the acute alcoholism, EtOH significantly reduces the number of circulating platelets, prolongs the tail bleeding time, and causes gastric mucosa hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that EtOH induces mitochondria-mediated intrinsic platelet apoptosis, results in the reduction of the number of circulating platelets, and impairs in vivo hemostasis. These findings reveal the possible pathogenesis of hemorrhagic symptoms in patients experiencing acute alcohol intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxing Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bone marrow stroma-induced resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide involves Mcl-1 upregulation and is overcome by inhibiting the PI3Kδ or PKCβ signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44832-48. [PMID: 26540567 PMCID: PMC4792595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CLL remains an incurable disease in spite of the many new compounds being studied. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces apoptosis in all CLL cell types and could constitute an efficient therapy. To further explore this, we have studied the influence of stromal cells, key components of the CLL microenvironment, on the response of CLL cells to ATO. Bone marrow stromal cells induced CLL cell resistance to 2 μM ATO and led to activation of Lyn, ERK, PI3K and PKC, as well as NF-κB and STAT3. Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bfl-1 were also upregulated after the co-culture. Inhibition experiments indicated that PI3K and PKC were involved in the resistance to ATO induced by stroma. Moreover, idelalisib and sotrastaurin, specific inhibitors for PI3Kδ and PKCβ, respectively, inhibited Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB/STAT3 activation and Mcl-1 upregulation, and rendered cells sensitive to ATO. Mcl-1 was central to the mechanism of resistance to ATO, since: 1) Mcl-1 levels correlated with the CLL cell response to ATO, and 2) blocking Mcl-1 expression or function with specific siRNAs or inhibitors overcame the protecting effect of stroma. We have therefore identified the mechanism involved in the CLL cell resistance to ATO induced by bone marrow stroma and show that idelalisib or sotrastaurin block this mechanism and restore sensibility to ATO. Combination of ATO with these inhibitors may thus constitute an efficient treatment for CLL.
Collapse
|
14
|
Qu L, Gao Y, Sun H, Wang H, Liu X, Sun D. Role of PTEN-Akt-CREB Signaling Pathway in Nervous System impairment of Rats with Chronic Arsenite Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:366-72. [PMID: 26296331 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is a target of arsenic toxicity. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10/protein kinase B/cAMP-response element binding protein (PTEN/Akt/CREB) signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in maintaining normal function of the nervous system, modulating growth and proliferation of neurocyte, regulating neuron synaptic plasticity, and long-term memory. And many studies have demonstrated that expressions of PTEN, Akt, and CREB protein were influenced by arsenic, but it is not clear whether this signaling pathway is involved in the nervous system impairment of rats induced by chronic arsenite exposure, and we have addressed this in this study. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10 each), four groups exposed to NaAsO2 (0, 5, 10, and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 in drinking water) for 3 months, the other four groups exposed to NaAsO2 (0, 5, 10, 50 mg/L NaAsO2 in drinking water) for 6 months. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that chronic arsenite exposure induced varying degrees of damage in cerebral neurons. And arsenite exposure increased arsenic amount in serum and brain samples in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the protein levels of PTEN and Akt in brain tissue were not significantly changed compared with the control group, but p-Akt, CREB, and p-CREB were all significantly downregulated in arsenite-exposed groups with a dose-dependent pattern. These results suggested that chronic arsenite exposure negatively regulated the PTEN-Akt-CREB signaling pathway, and dysfunction of the signaling pathway might be one of the mechanisms of nervous system impairment induced by chronic arsenite exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Qu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province(23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province(23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongna Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province(23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province(23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province(23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiologic Epidemiology of Ministry of Health and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province(23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miyata S, Fukuda Y, Tojima H, Matsuzaki K, Kitanaka S, Sawada H. Mechanism of the inhibition of leukemia cell growth and induction of apoptosis through the activation of ATR and PTEN by the topoisomerase inhibitor 3EZ, 20Ac-ingenol. Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
16
|
Lozano-Santos C, Amigo-Jiménez I, Nova-Gurumeta S, Pérez-Sanz N, García-Pardo A, García-Marco JA. Arsenic trioxide synergistically potentiates the cytotoxic effect of fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by further inactivating the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:243-8. [PMID: 25869069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CLL remains an incurable disease, making it crucial to continue searching for new therapies efficient in all CLL cases. We have studied the effect of combining arsenic trioxide (ATO) with fludarabine, a frontline drug in CLL. We have found a synergistic interaction between 1 μM ATO and 5 μM fludarabine that significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of the individual drugs. Importantly, ATO sensitized fludarabine-resistant cells to the action of this drug. The mechanism behind this effect included the downregulation of phospho-Akt, phospho-ERK, and the Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-2/Bax ratios. The combination of ATO and fludarabine partially overcame the survival effect induced by co-culturing CLL cells with stromal cells. Therefore, low concentrations of ATO combined with fludarabine may be an efficient therapeutic strategy in CLL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lozano-Santos
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda and IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Amigo-Jiménez
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Nova-Gurumeta
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda and IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Pérez-Sanz
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda and IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José A García-Marco
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda and IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beauchamp EM, Kosciuczuk EM, Serrano R, Nanavati D, Swindell EP, Viollet B, O'Halloran TV, Altman JK, Platanias LC. Direct binding of arsenic trioxide to AMPK and generation of inhibitory effects on acute myeloid leukemia precursors. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:202-12. [PMID: 25344585 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0665-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) exhibits potent antineoplastic effects and is used extensively in clinical oncology for the treatment of a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although As2O3 is known to regulate activation of several signaling cascades, the key events, accounting for its antileukemic properties, remain to be defined. We provide evidence that arsenic can directly bind to cysteine 299 in AMPKα and inhibit its activity. This inhibition of AMPK by arsenic is required in part for its cytotoxic effects on primitive leukemic progenitors from patients with AML, while concomitant treatment with an AMPK activator antagonizes in vivo the arsenic-induced antileukemic effects in a xenograft AML mouse model. A consequence of AMPK inhibition is activation of the mTOR pathway as a negative regulatory feedback loop. However, when AMPK expression is lost, arsenic-dependent activation of the kinase RSK downstream of MAPK activity compensates the generation of regulatory feedback signals through phosphorylation of downstream mTOR targets. Thus, therapeutic regimens with As2O3 will need to include inhibitors of both the mTOR and RSK pathways in combination to prevent engagement of negative feedback loops and maximize antineoplastic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ewa M Kosciuczuk
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth Serrano
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dhaval Nanavati
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elden P Swindell
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRs (UMR8104) and INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jessica K Altman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ravi D, Bhalla S, Gartenhaus RB, Crombie J, Kandela I, Sharma J, Mazar A, Evens AM. The novel organic arsenical darinaparsin induces MAPK-mediated and SHP1-dependent cell death in T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma cells and human xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6023-33. [PMID: 25316819 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Darinaparsin (Zio-101) is a novel organic arsenical compound with encouraging clinical activity in relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL); however, little is known about its mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TCL cell lines (Jurkat, Hut78, and HH) and HL cell lines (L428, L540, and L1236) were examined for in vitro cell death by MTT assay and Annexin V-based flow cytometry. Jurkat and L540-derived xenografts in SCID mice were examined for in vivo tumor inhibition and survival. Biologic effects of darinaparsin on the MAPK pathway were investigated using pharmacologic inhibitors, RNAi and transient transfection for overexpression for SHP1 and MEK. RESULTS Darinaparsin treatment resulted in time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in all TCL and HL cell lines. In addition, darinaparsin had more rapid, higher, and sustained intracellular arsenic levels compared with arsenic trioxide via mass spectrometry. In vivo experiments with Jurkat (TCL) and L540 (HL)-derived lymphoma xenografts showed significant inhibition of tumor growth and improved survival in darinaparsin-treated SCID mice. Biologically, darinaparsin caused phosphorylation of ERK (and relevant downstream substrates) primarily by decreasing the inhibitory SHP1 phosphatase and coimmunoprecipitation showed significant ERK/SHP1 interaction. Furthermore, ERK shRNA knockdown or constitutive overexpression of SHP1 resulted in increased apoptosis, whereas cotreatment with pharmacologic MEK inhibitors resulted in synergistic cell death. Conversely, SHP1 blockade (via pharmacologic inhibition or RNAi) and MEK constitutive activation decreased darinaparsin-related cell death. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data show that darinaparsin is highly active in HL and TCL and its activity is dependent primarily on MAPK mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Savita Bhalla
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald B Gartenhaus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Irawati Kandela
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jaya Sharma
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Mazar
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang S, Teng X, Wang Y, Yu HQ, Luo X, Xu A, Wu L. Molecular control of arsenite-induced apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans: roles of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:248-255. [PMID: 25048913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is one of the main cellular processes in responses to arsenic, the well known environmental carcinogen. By using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 networks and their target protein DAF-16/FOXO, known as key regulators of energy metabolism and growth, played important roles in arsenite-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of DAF-2, AGE-1 and AKT-1 caused worms more susceptible to arsenite-induced apoptosis, which could be attenuated by DAF-16 knockout. Worms with inactivated AKT-2 and SGK-1 or with constitutively activated PDK-1 and AKT-1 showed low levels of apoptosis, which could be elevated by DAF-16 mutation. Our results demonstrated that DAF-2/IGF-1R, AGE-1/PI3K, PDK-1/PDK1 and AKT-1/PKB negatively regulated the arsenite-induced apoptosis, whereas AKT-2 and SGK-1 acted proapoptotically. DAF-16/FOXO antagonized IGF-1 signals in signaling the arsenite-induced apoptosis, and apoptosis promoted by DAF-16 inactivation was attributed to its higher sensitivity to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Wang
- Department of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Teng
- Department of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Department of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China; Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Amigo-Jiménez I, Bailón E, Ugarte-Berzal E, Aguilera-Montilla N, García-Marco JA, García-Pardo A. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is involved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell response to fludarabine and arsenic trioxide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99993. [PMID: 24956101 PMCID: PMC4067296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) contributes to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathology by regulating cell migration and preventing spontaneous apoptosis. It is not known if MMP-9 is involved in CLL cell response to chemotherapy and we address this in the present study, using arsenic trioxide (ATO) and fludarabine as examples of cytotoxic drugs. METHODS We used primary cells from the peripheral blood of CLL patients and MEC-1 cells stably transfected with an empty vector or a vector containing MMP-9. The effect of ATO and fludarabine was determined by flow cytometry and by the MTT assay. Expression of mRNA was measured by RT-PCR and qPCR. Secreted and cell-bound MMP-9 was analyzed by gelatin zymography and flow cytometry, respectively. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Statistical analyses were performed using the two-tailed Student's t-test. RESULTS In response to ATO or fludarabine, CLL cells transcriptionally upregulated MMP-9, preceding the onset of apoptosis. Upregulated MMP-9 primarily localized to the membrane of early apoptotic cells and blocking apoptosis with Z-VAD prevented MMP-9 upregulation, thus linking MMP-9 to the apoptotic process. Culturing CLL cells on MMP-9 or stromal cells induced drug resistance, which was overcome by anti-MMP-9 antibodies. Accordingly, MMP-9-MEC-1 transfectants showed higher viability upon drug treatment than Mock-MEC-1 cells, and this effect was blocked by silencing MMP-9 with specific siRNAs. Following drug exposure, expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2) and the Mcl-1/Bim, Mcl-1/Noxa, Bcl-2/Bax ratios were higher in MMP-9-cells than in Mock-cells. Similar results were obtained upon culturing primary CLL cells on MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes for the first time that MMP-9 induces drug resistance by modulating proteins of the Bcl-2 family and upregulating the corresponding anti-apoptotic/pro-apoptotic ratios. This is a novel role for MMP-9 contributing to CLL progression. Targeting MMP-9 in combined therapies may thus improve CLL response to treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Arsenicals/therapeutic use
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Oxides/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Vidarabine/pharmacology
- Vidarabine/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Amigo-Jiménez
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Bailón
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Ugarte-Berzal
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Aguilera-Montilla
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angeles García-Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
YU YAO, YANG YU, WANG JING. Anti-apoptotic and apoptotic pathway analysis of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:973-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
22
|
Luo F, Zhuang Y, Sides MD, Sanchez CG, Shan B, White ES, Lasky JA. Arsenic trioxide inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in vivo. Respir Res 2014; 15:51. [PMID: 24762191 PMCID: PMC4113202 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease of insidious onset, and is responsible for up to 30,000 deaths per year in the U.S. Excessive production of extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts has been shown to be an important pathological feature in IPF. TGF-β1 is expressed in fibrotic lung and promotes fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) as well as matrix deposition. Methods To identify the mechanism of Arsenic trioxide’s (ATO)’s anti-fibrotic effect in vitro, normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) were treated with ATO for 24 hours and were then exposed to TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) before harvesting at multiple time points. To investigate whether ATO is able to alleviate lung fibrosis in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were administered bleomycin by oropharyngeal aspiration and ATO was injected intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess the expression of fibrotic markers such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and α-1 type I collagen. Results Treatment of NHLFs with ATO at very low concentrations (10-20nM) inhibits TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and α-1 type I collagen mRNA and protein expression. ATO also diminishes the TGF-β1-mediated contractile response in NHLFs. ATO’s down-regulation of profibrotic molecules is associated with inhibition of Akt, as well as Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation. TGF-β1-induced H2O2 and NOX-4 mRNA expression are also blocked by ATO. ATO-mediated reduction in Smad3 phosphorylation correlated with a reduction of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies and PML protein expression. PML-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed decreased fibronectin and PAI-1 expression in response to TGF-β1. Daily intraperitoneal injection of ATO (1 mg/kg) in C57BL/6 mice inhibits bleomycin induced lung α-1 type I collagen mRNA and protein expression. Conclusions In summary, these data indicate that low concentrations of ATO inhibit TGF-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and decreases bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph A Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao YH, Zhang HP, Yang SM, Yang Y, Ma YY, Zhang XY, Yang YM. Inactivation of Akt by arsenic trioxide induces cell death via mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1645-52. [PMID: 24482137 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been recognized as a potential chemotherapeutic agent, yet the details concerning its mechanism of action in solid cancers remain undetermined. The present study assessed the role of Akt in the cell death induced by As2O3. The MTT assay showed that As2O3 suppressed the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Characteristic apoptotic changes were observed in the As2O3‑treated cells by Hoechst 33342 staining, and FACS analysis showed that As2O3 caused dose-dependent apoptotic cell death. As2O3 activated caspase-3 and -9, and PARP cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Compromised mitochondrial membrane potential and an increased protein level of Bax indicated involvement of mitochondia. As2O3 decreased the levels of p-Akt (Ser473), p-Akt (Thr308) and p-GSK-3β (Ser9), suggesting that As2O3 inactivated Akt kinase. In addition, LY294002 (a PI3 kinase inhibitor) augmented the apoptosis induced by As2O3. These results demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in As2O3-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Gao
- The Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Meng Yang
- Department of Outpatient Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Y, Dai J, Zhang W, Yan R, Zhang Y, Ruan C, Dai K. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in human platelets via C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86445. [PMID: 24466103 PMCID: PMC3899281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO), one of the oldest drugs in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine, has become an effective anticancer drug, especially in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, thrombocytopenia occurred in most of ATO-treated patients with APL or other malignant diseases, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we show that ATO dose-dependently induces depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, caspase-3 activation, and phosphotidylserine (PS) exposure in platelets. ATO did not induce surface expression of P-selectin and PAC-1 binding, whereas, obviously reduced collagen, ADP, and thrombin induced platelet aggregation. ATO dose-dependently induced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and JNK specific inhibitor dicumarol obviously reduced ATO-induced ΔΨm depolarization in platelets. Clinical therapeutic dosage of ATO was intraperitoneally injected into C57 mice, and the numbers of circulating platelets were significantly reduced after five days of continuous injection. The data demonstrate that ATO induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via JNK activation in platelets. ATO does not incur platelet activation, whereas, it not only impairs platelet function but also reduces circulating platelets in vivo, suggesting the possible pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with ATO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Regulatory Effects of Arsenic on Cellular Signaling Pathways: Biological Effects and Therapeutic Implications. NUCLEAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND TARGETING TRANSCRIPTION IN CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8039-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
26
|
Yousefi M, Ghaffari SH, Zekri A, Ghanizadeh-Vesali S, Hosseini E, Rostami M, Hassani S, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Differential sensitivity of p44/p42-MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-targeted neuroblastoma subtypes to arsenic trioxide. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:809-17. [PMID: 24161621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways are differentially activated in neuroblastoma (NB) cell types. In an effort to enhance the effectiveness of the NB treatment, we designed experiments to evaluate the effects of ATO in combination with PI3K and MEK1/2 specific inhibitors, LY29004 and U0126, respectively, in SK-N-MC and SK-N-BE(2) cell lines. The results indicated that specific inhibition of PI3K and MEK1/2 significantly enhanced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of ATO in SK-N-BE(2), but not in SK-N-MC. Furthermore, in SK-N-BE(2), NF-κB activation was significantly suppressed by LY29004+ATO treatments as compared with ATO alone, indicating that inhibition of PI3K may enhance anti-neoplastic properties of ATO in I-type NB cells through suppression of NF-κB. Moreover, expressions of c-Myc, Bad, Bax and ATM in SK-N-BE(2) cell line were significantly increased by U0126+ATO treatment as compared to treatment with ATO alone. Expression of telomerase hTERT was almost depleted by U0126+ATO treatment. Regarding the fact that activation of PI3K and MAPK in SK-N-BE(2) is higher than in other NB subtypes, we hypothesize that growth of SK-N-BE(2) cell line is highly dependent on these pathways and inhibition of these pathways may has promise for the treatment of multi-drug resistant I-type NB cells by ATO. However, for successful strategies for the treatment of this heterogeneous tumor, other combinations approaches need to be considered to simultaneously target other NB cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yousefi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu X, Li X, Wang L, Lv X, Chen N, Li P, Lu K, Wang X. Realgar induces apoptosis in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line MEC‑1. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1866-70. [PMID: 24141727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of realgar on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis in the human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell line, MEC‑1. Potential mechanisms mediating the effect were also explored in the experiment. Cultured MEC‑1 cells were incubated with various concentrations of realgar for 24, 48 and 72 h. A WST‑8 assay was employed to evaluate the effect on cell viability. Inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were determined using a 5‑bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation ELISA. The apoptotic effect on MEC‑1 cells was evaluated by annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide dual staining, followed by flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of BCL2‑associated X protein (BAX), BCL2‑like 1 (Bcl-xL), v‑myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian; c‑Myc) and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). It was found that viability and proliferation were significantly reduced while apoptotic rates increased in MEC‑1 cells following exposure to realgar. Furthermore, mRNA expression of BAX and c‑Myc was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in realgar‑treated MEC‑1 cells. In conclusion, the results showed that realgar inhibits viability and prolife-ration and induces apoptosis of MEC‑1 cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The effect may depend on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results of the present study may be beneficial in the identification of a new target therapy for CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang XH, Feng R, Lv M, Jiang Q, Zhu HH, Qing YZ, Bao JL, Huang XJ, Zheng XL. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells through down-regulation of survivin via the p53-dependent signaling pathway. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1719-25. [PMID: 24211095 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) can induce apoptosis in many tumors. However, the associated mechanisms are not clearly understood. We found that As2O3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of WSU-CLL cells and induced apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. WSU-CLL cells treated with 2μM As2O3 showed survivin down-regulation and p53 up-regulation. Survivin siRNA combined with As2O3 further inhibited the proliferation of WSU-CLL cells. p53 inhibition by siRNA prevented the down-regulation of survivin by As2O3 and prevented the As2O3-induced cytotoxicity of WSU-CLL cells. These results suggest that As2O3 may be of therapeutic value for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Renshaw J, Taylor KR, Bishop R, Valenti M, De Haven Brandon A, Gowan S, Eccles SA, Ruddle RR, Johnson LD, Raynaud FI, Selfe JL, Thway K, Pietsch T, Pearson AD, Shipley J. Dual blockade of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR (AZD8055) and RAS/MEK/ERK (AZD6244) pathways synergistically inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5940-51. [PMID: 23918606 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide rationale for using phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors to treat rhabdomyosarcomas, a major cause of pediatric and adolescent cancer deaths. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The prevalence of PI3K/MAPK pathway activation in rhabdomyosarcoma clinical samples was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Compensatory signaling and cross-talk between PI3K/MAPK pathways was determined in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines following p110α short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion. Pharmacologic inhibition of reprogrammed signaling in stable p110α knockdown lines was used to determine the target-inhibition profile inducing maximal growth inhibition. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of inhibitors of TORC1/2 (AZD8055), MEK (AZD6244), and P13K/mTOR (NVP-BEZ235) was evaluated alone and in pairwise combinations. RESULTS PI3K pathway activation was seen in 82.5% rhabdomyosarcomas with coactivated MAPK in 36% and 46% of alveolar and embryonal subtypes, respectively. p110α knockdown in cell lines over the short and long term was associated with compensatory expression of other p110 isoforms, activation of the MAPK pathway, and cross-talk to reactivate the PI3K pathway. Combinations of PI3K pathway and MAP-ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors synergistically inhibited cell growth in vitro. Treatment of RD cells with AZD8055 plus AZD6244 blocked reciprocal pathway activation, as evidenced by reduced AKT/ERK/S6 phosphorylation. In vivo, the synergistic effect on growth and changes in pharmacodynamic biomarkers was recapitulated using the AZD8055/AZD6244 combination but not NVP-BEZ235/AZD6244. Pharmacokinetic analysis provided evidence of drug-drug interaction with both combinations. CONCLUSIONS Dual PI3K/MAPK pathway activation and compensatory signaling in both rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes predict a lack of clinical efficacy for single agents targeting either pathway, supporting a therapeutic strategy combining a TORC1/2 with a MEK inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Renshaw
- Authors' Affiliations: Divisions of Clinical Studies, Cancer Therapeutics, and Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey; Histopathology Department, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Characterization of arsenic trioxide resistant clones derived from Jurkat leukemia T cell line: focus on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:198-211. [PMID: 23911876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in arsenic trioxide (ATO)-treated parental Jurkat cells and also in derived ATO-resistant clones grown in the presence of given ATO concentration was investigated. ATO-resistant clones (cultured for 8-12weeks in the presence of 1, 2.5 and 5μM ATO) were characterized by high viability in the presence of ATO but slower growth rate compared to the parental cells. Morphological and functional characterization of derived ATO-resistant clones revealed that they did not differ fundamentally from parental Jurkat cells in terms of cell size, level of GSH, the lysosomal fluorescence or CD95/Fas surface antigen expression. However, a slight increase in the mitochondrial potential (JC-1 staining) was detected in the clones compared to parental Jurkat cells. Side population analysis (Vybrant DyeCycle Violet™ staining) in ATO resistant clones did not indicate any enrichment withcancer stem cells. Akt1/2, AktV or wortmannin inhibitors decreased viability of ATO-resistant clones grown in the presence of ATO, with no effect on ATO-treated parental cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ATO decreased the level of p-Akt in ATO-treated parental cells, while the resistant clones exhibited higher levels of p-Akt immunostaining than parental Jurkat cells. Expression analysis of 84 genes involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway revealed that this pathway was predominantly active in ATO-resistant clones. c-JUN seems to play a key role in the induction of cell death in ATO-treated parental Jurkat cells, as dose-dependent strong up-regulation of JUN was specific for the ATO-treated parental Jurkat cells. On the other hand, changes in expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase C isoforms (PRKCZ,PRKCB and PRKCA) may be responsible for the induction of resistance to ATO. The changes in expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) observed in ATO-resistant clones suggest a possibility of induction of different mechanisms in development of resistance to ATO depending on the drug concentration and thus involvement of different signaling mediators.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li C, Qu X, Xu W, Qu N, Mei L, Liu Y, Wang X, Yu X, Liu Z, Nie D, Liu Y, Yan J, Yang B, Lu Y, Chu W. Arsenic trioxide induces cardiac fibroblast apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating TGF-β1 expression. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:223-30. [PMID: 23542815 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3; ATO) is clinically effective in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, it frequently causes cardiotoxic effects. This study was designed to investigate whether ATO could induce apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) that play very important roles in maintaining the structure integrity and function of the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts from guinea pigs administered with ATO (1mg/kgbw) were used to test the pro-apoptotic role of ATO in vivo. The current study demonstrated that ATO induced morphological characteristics of apoptosis and Caspase-3 activation in CFs of guinea pigs along with a significant up-regulation in TGF-β1 protein expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In vitro MTT assay showed that ATO remarkably reduced the viability of cultured cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) from neonatal rat in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Consistent with the notions in vivo, ATO significantly induced the apoptosis in NRCFs, dramatically up-regulated TGF-β1 protein level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in a time-dependent fashion and activated Caspase-3 and ERK1/2. Finally, pretreatment with LY364947, an inhibitor of TGF-β signaling could apparently reverse these changes. We therefore conclude that TGF-β is functionally linked to ERK1/2 and that TGF-β signaling is responsible for ATO-induced CFs apoptosis, which provides a novel mechanism of ATO related cardiac toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yih LH, Hsu NC, Wu YC, Yen WY, Kuo HH. Inhibition of AKT enhances mitotic cell apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:228-37. [PMID: 23352504 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has revealed a tight link between arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced apoptosis and mitotic arrest in cancer cells. AKT, a serine/threonine kinase frequently over-activated in diverse tumors, plays critical roles in stimulating cell cycle progression, abrogating cell cycle checkpoints, suppressing apoptosis, and regulating mitotic spindle assembly. Inhibition of AKT may therefore enhance ATO cytotoxicity and thus its clinical utility. We show that AKT was activated by ATO in HeLa-S3 cells. Inhibition of AKT by inhibitors of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway significantly enhanced cell sensitivity to ATO by elevating mitotic cell apoptosis. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active AKT1 had no effect on ATO-induced spindle abnormalities but reduced kinetochore localization of BUBR1 and MAD2 and accelerated mitosis exit, prevented mitotic cell apoptosis, and enhanced the formation of micro- or multi-nuclei in ATO-treated cells. These results indicate that AKT1 activation may prevent apoptosis of ATO-arrested mitotic cells by attenuating the function of the spindle checkpoint and therefore allowing the formation of micro- or multi-nuclei in surviving daughter cells. In addition, AKT1 activation upregulated the expression of aurora kinase B (AURKB) and survivin, and depletion of AURKB or survivin reversed the resistance of AKT1-activated cells to ATO-induced apoptosis. Thus, AKT1 activation suppresses ATO-induced mitotic cell apoptosis, despite the presence of numerous spindle abnormalities, probably by upregulating AURKB and survivin and attenuating spindle checkpoint function. Inhibition of AKT therefore effectively sensitizes cancer cells to ATO by enhancing mitotic cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim J, Aftab BT, Tang JY, Kim D, Lee AH, Rezaee M, Kim J, Chen B, King EM, Borodovsky A, Riggins GJ, Epstein EH, Beachy PA, Rudin CM. Itraconazole and arsenic trioxide inhibit Hedgehog pathway activation and tumor growth associated with acquired resistance to smoothened antagonists. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:23-34. [PMID: 23291299 PMCID: PMC3548977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the multiple roles of Hedgehog signaling in cancer has prompted intensive efforts to develop targeted pathway inhibitors. Leading inhibitors in clinical development act by binding to a common site within Smoothened, a critical pathway component. Acquired Smoothened mutations, including SMO(D477G), confer resistance to these inhibitors. Here, we report that itraconazole and arsenic trioxide, two agents in clinical use that inhibit Hedgehog signaling by mechanisms distinct from that of current Smoothened antagonists, retain inhibitory activity in vitro in the context of all reported resistance-conferring Smoothened mutants and GLI2 overexpression. Itraconazole and arsenic trioxide, alone or in combination, inhibit the growth of medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma in vivo, and prolong survival of mice with intracranial drug-resistant SMO(D477G) medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Blake T. Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jean Y. Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alex H. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Melika Rezaee
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Jynho Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Baozhi Chen
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593
| | - Emily M. King
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Alexandra Borodovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Gregory J. Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ervin H. Epstein
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Philip A. Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding authors: Philip A. Beachy, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Rm G3120a, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5463, Tel: 650-723-4521, . Charles M. Rudin, MD, PhD, Professor of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Cancer Research Building 2, Room 544, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, Tel: 410-502-0678, Fax: 410-502-0677,
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Corresponding authors: Philip A. Beachy, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Rm G3120a, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5463, Tel: 650-723-4521, . Charles M. Rudin, MD, PhD, Professor of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Cancer Research Building 2, Room 544, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, Tel: 410-502-0678, Fax: 410-502-0677,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang X, Jia S, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang T, Yang Y. Arsenic trioxide induces G2/M arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by increasing the tumor suppressor PTEN expression. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3528-35. [PMID: 22730174 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuzhao Jia
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shumeng Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tuoyun Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The PI3K/PKB signaling module as key regulator of hematopoiesis: implications for therapeutic strategies in leukemia. Blood 2012; 119:911-23. [PMID: 22065598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-366203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An important mediator of cytokine signaling implicated in regulation of hematopoiesis is the PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB/c-Akt) signaling module. Constitutive activation of this signaling module has been observed in a large group of leukemias. Because activation of this signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be sufficient to induce hematologic malignancies and is thought to correlate with poor prognosis and enhanced drug resistance, it is considered to be a promising target for therapy. A high number of pharmacologic inhibitors directed against either individual or multiple components of this pathway have already been developed to improve therapy. In this review, the safety and efficacy of both single and dual-specificity inhibitors will be discussed as well as the potential of combination therapy with either inhibitors directed against other signal transduction molecules or classic chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Beauchamp EM, Uren A. A new era for an ancient drug: arsenic trioxide and Hedgehog signaling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 88:333-54. [PMID: 22391311 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394622-5.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic has been used for ages as a therapeutic agent. Currently, it is an FDA approved drug to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia where it leads to degradation of the PML-RAR fusion protein. It has been shown to have various other targets in cells such as JNK, NFκB, thioredoxin reductase, and MAPK pathways. Most of its effects in cells have been through arsenic's ability to bind to thiol groups in cysteine residues. Recent evidence has shown that arsenic can inhibit the Hedgehog pathway by inhibiting GLI proteins. The proposed mechanism of action is through direct binding. Potential binding sites include the critical cysteine residues in GLI zinc finger domains. The role of the Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in many cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdoid tumors. Current Hedgehog pathway inhibitors have been fraught with resistance issues and so arsenic trioxide may provide an alternative therapy when combined with these other inhibitors or after acquired resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Calviño E, Estañ MC, Simón GP, Sancho P, Boyano-Adánez MDC, de Blas E, Bréard J, Aller P. Increased apoptotic efficacy of lonidamine plus arsenic trioxide combination in human leukemia cells. Reactive oxygen species generation and defensive protein kinase (MEK/ERK, Akt/mTOR) modulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1619-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
39
|
Yuan Z, Wang F, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Qiu J, Nie C, Wei Y. BIM-mediated AKT phosphorylation is a key modulator of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20586. [PMID: 21655183 PMCID: PMC3105099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemo-resistance to cisplatin-centered cancer therapy is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of human ovarian cancer. Previous reports indicated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces cell apoptosis in both drug-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells. Principal Findings In this study, we determined the molecular mechanism of ATO-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Our data demonstrated that ATO induced cell apoptosis by decreasing levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and activating caspase-3 and caspase-9. Importantly, BIM played a critical role in ATO-induced apoptosis. The inhibition of BIM expression prevented AKT dephosphorylation and inhibited caspase-3 activation during cell apoptosis. However, surprisingly, gene silencing of AKT or FOXO3A had little effect on BIM expression and phosphorylation. Moreover, the activation of caspase-3 by ATO treatment improved AKT dephosphorylation, not only by cleaving the regulatory A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), but also by increasing its activation. Furthermore, our data indicated that the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway is involved in the regulation of BIM expression. Conclusions We demonstrated the roles of BIM in ATO-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms of BIM expression regulated by ATO during ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. Our findings suggest that BIM plays an important role in regulating p-AKT by activating caspase-3 and that BIM mediates the level of AKT phosphorylation to determine the threshold for overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zauli G, Voltan R, Bosco R, Melloni E, Marmiroli S, Rigolin GM, Cuneo A, Secchiero P. Dasatinib plus Nutlin-3 shows synergistic antileukemic activity in both p53 wild-type and p53 mutated B chronic lymphocytic leukemias by inhibiting the Akt pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 17:762-70. [PMID: 21106726 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effect of the combination of Dasatinib, a multikinase inhibitor, plus Nutlin-3, a nongenotoxic activator of the p53 pathway, in primary B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patient samples and B leukemic cell line models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The induction of cytotoxicity was evaluated in both primary B-CLL cell samples (n = 20) and in p53(wild-type) (EHEB, JVM-2) and p53(deleted/mutated) (MEC-2, BJAB) B leukemic cell lines. The role of Akt in modulating leukemic cell survival/apoptosis in response to Dasatinib or Dasatinib + Nutlin-3 was documented by functional experiments carried out using specific pharmacological inhibitors and by overexpression of membrane-targeted constitutively active form of Akt. RESULTS The combination of Dasatinib + Nutlin-3 exhibited a synergistic cytotoxicity in the majority (19 out of 20) of B-CLL samples, including patients carrying 17p- (n = 4), and in both p53(wild-type) and p53(deleted/mutated) B leukemic cell lines. At the molecular level, Dasatinib significantly counteracted the Nutlin-3-mediated induction of the p53 transcriptional targets MDM2 and p21 observed in p53(wild-type) leukemic cells. Conversely, Nutlin-3 did not interfere with the ability of Dasatinib to decrease the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p38/MAPK, and Akt in both p53(wild-type) and p53(deleted/mutated) B leukemic cell lines. A critical role of Akt downregulation in mediating the antileukemic activity of Dasatinib and Dasatinib + Nutlin-3 was demonstrated in experiments carried out by specifically modulating the Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Dasatinib + Nutlin-3 might represent an innovative therapeutic combination for both p53(wild-type) and p53(deleted/mutated) B-CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Goussetis DJ, Platanias LC. Arsenic trioxide and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/akt pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4311-2. [PMID: 20622048 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous targeting of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway increases arsenic trioxide (ATO)-dependent cytotoxicity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, whereas it has no significant effects on normal lymphocytes. Combinations of ATO with small molecules that target PI3K and/or Akt may provide a novel approach for the treatment of CLL.
Collapse
|