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Akkawi R, Hidmi O, Haj-Yahia A, Monin J, Diment J, Drier Y, Stein GS, Aqeilan RI. WWOX promotes osteosarcoma development via upregulation of Myc. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38182577 PMCID: PMC10770339 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor that primarily affects children and adolescents. This malignancy is highly aggressive, associated with poor clinical outcomes, and primarily metastasizes to the lungs. Due to its rarity and biological heterogeneity, limited studies on its molecular basis exist, hindering the development of effective therapies. The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is frequently altered in human osteosarcoma. Combined deletion of Wwox and Trp53 using Osterix1-Cre transgenic mice has been shown to accelerate osteosarcoma development. In this study, we generated a traceable osteosarcoma mouse model harboring the deletion of Trp53 alone (single-knockout) or combined deletion of Wwox/Trp53 (double-knockout) and expressing a tdTomato reporter. By tracking Tomato expression at different time points, we detected the early presence of tdTomato-positive cells in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of non-osteosarcoma-bearing mice (young BM). We found that double-knockout young BM cells, but not single-knockout young BM cells, exhibited tumorigenic traits both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular and cellular characterization of these double-knockout young BM cells revealed their resemblance to osteosarcoma tumor cells. Interestingly, one of the observed significant transcriptomic changes in double-knockout young BM cells was the upregulation of Myc and its target genes compared to single-knockout young BM cells. Intriguingly, Myc-chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed its increased enrichment on Myc targets, which were upregulated in double-knockout young BM cells. Restoration of WWOX in double-knockout young BM cells reduced Myc protein levels. As a prototype target, we demonstrated the upregulation of MCM7, a known Myc target, in double-knockout young BM relative to single-knockout young BM cells. Inhibition of MCM7 expression using simvastatin resulted in reduced proliferation and tumor cell growth of double-knockout young BM cells. Our findings reveal BM mesenchymal stem cells as a platform to study osteosarcoma and Myc and its targets as WWOX effectors and early molecular events during osteosarcomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Akkawi
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Osama Hidmi
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ameen Haj-Yahia
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathon Monin
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Judith Diment
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yotam Drier
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, UVM Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Cyprus Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Kim C, Davis LE, Albert CM, Samuels B, Roberts JL, Wagner MJ. Osteosarcoma in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Are Adults Just Big Kids? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5044. [PMID: 37894411 PMCID: PMC10604996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant bone tumors are commonly classified as pediatric or adolescent malignancies, and clinical trials for these diseases have generally focused on these populations. Of primary bone cancers, osteosarcoma is among the most common. Osteosarcoma has a bimodal age distribution, with the first peak occurring in patients from 10 to 14 years old, and the second peak occurring in patients older than 65, with about 25% of cases occurring in adults between 20 and 59 years old. Notably, adult osteosarcoma patients have worse outcomes than their pediatric counterparts. It remains unclear whether age itself is a poor prognostic factor, or if inherent differences in tumor biology exist between age groups. Despite these unknowns, current treatment strategies for adults are largely extrapolated from pediatric studies since the majority of clinical trials for osteosarcoma treatments are based on younger patient populations. In light of the different prognoses observed in pediatric and adult osteosarcoma, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular etiology of osteosarcoma and how it may differ between age groups, hypothesizing why adult patients have worse outcomes compared to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
| | - Lara E. Davis
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Catherine M. Albert
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | - Jesse L. Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Zhang Q, Yang Y, You X, Ju Y, Zhang Q, Sun T, Liu W. Comprehensive genomic analysis of primary bone sarcomas reveals different genetic patterns compared with soft tissue sarcomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1173275. [PMID: 37546405 PMCID: PMC10401477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcomas are classified into two types, bone sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma (STS), which account for approximately 1% of adult solid malignancies and 20% of pediatric solid malignancies. There exist more than 50 subtypes within the two types of sarcoma. Each subtype is highly diverse and characterized by significant variations in morphology and phenotypes. Understanding tumor molecular genetics is helpful in improving the diagnostic accuracy of tumors that have been difficult to classify based on morphology alone or that have overlapping morphological features. The different molecular characteristics of bone sarcoma and STS in China remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze genomic landscapes and actionable genomic alterations (GAs) as well as tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression among Chinese individuals diagnosed with primary bone sarcomas and STS. Methods This retrospective study included 145 patients with primary bone sarcomas (n = 75) and STS (n = 70), who were categorized based on the 2020 World Health Organization classification system. Results Patients diagnosed with bone sarcomas were significantly younger than those diagnosed with STS (p < 0.01). The top 10 frequently altered genes in bone sarcoma and STS were TP53, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, MAP3K1, LRP1B, MDM2, RB1, PTEN, MYC, and CDK4.The EWSR1 fusions exhibited statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) between primary bone sarcoma and STS in terms of their altered genes. Based on the actionable genes defined by OncoKB, actionable GAs was found in 30.7% (23/75) of the patients with bone sarcomas and 35.7% (25/70) of those with STS. There were 4.0% (3/75) patients with bone sarcoma and 4.3% (3/70) patients with STS exhibited high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) (TMB ≥ 10). There was only one patient with STS exhibited MSI-L, while the remaining cases were microsatellite stable. The positive rate of PD-L1 expression was slightly higher in STS (35.2%) than in bone sarcoma (33.3%), however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The expression of PD-L1 in STS patients was associated with a poorer prognosis (p = 0.007). Patients with STS had a better prognosis than those with bone sarcoma, but the observed difference did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.21). Amplification of MET and MYC genes were negatively correlated with clinical prognosis in bone tumors (p<0.01). Discussion In conclusion, bone sarcoma and STS have significantly different clinical and molecular characteristics, suggesting that it is vital to diagnose accurately for clinical treatment. Additionally, comprehensive genetic landscape can provide novel treatment perspectives for primary bone sarcoma and STS. Taking TMB, MSI, PD-L1 expression, and OncoKB definition together into consideration, there are still many patients who have the potential to respond to targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia You
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongzhi Ju
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Nirala BK, Yamamichi T, Yustein JT. Deciphering the Signaling Mechanisms of Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11367. [PMID: 37511127 PMCID: PMC10379831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the predominant primary bone tumor in the pediatric and adolescent populations. It has high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis. In contrast to many other sarcomas, OS lacks conserved translocations or genetic mutations; instead, it has heterogeneous abnormalities, including somatic DNA copy number alteration, ploidy, chromosomal amplification, and chromosomal loss and gain. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes have not significantly improved in over 30 years. Currently, no effective molecularly targeted therapies are available for this disease. Several genomic studies showed inactivation in the tumor suppressor genes, including p53, RB, and ATRX, and hyperactivation of the tumor promoter genes, including MYC and MDM2, in OS. Alterations in the major signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog/Gli, TGF-β, RTKs, RANK/RANKL, and NF-κB signaling pathways, have been identified in OS development and metastasis. Although OS treatment is currently based on surgical excision and systematic multiagent therapies, several potential targeted therapies are in development. This review focuses on the major signaling pathways of OS, and we propose a biological rationale to consider novel and targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K Nirala
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taku Yamamichi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Nirala BK, Patel TD, Kurenbekova L, Shuck R, Dasgupta A, Rainusso N, Coarfa C, Yustein JT. MYC regulates CSF1 expression via microRNA 17/20a to modulate tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164947. [PMID: 37279073 PMCID: PMC10371352 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor of childhood. Approximately 20%-30% of OSs carry amplification of chromosome 8q24, which harbors the oncogene c-MYC and correlates with a poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms that underlie the ability of MYC to alter both the tumor and its surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), we generated and molecularly characterized an osteoblast-specific Cre-Lox-Stop-Lox-c-MycT58A p53fl/+ knockin genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Phenotypically, the Myc-knockin GEMM had rapid tumor development with a high incidence of metastasis. MYC-dependent gene signatures in our murine model demonstrated significant homology to the human hyperactivated MYC OS. We established that hyperactivation of MYC led to an immune-depleted TME in OS demonstrated by the reduced number of leukocytes, particularly macrophages. MYC hyperactivation led to the downregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, through increased microRNA 17/20a expression, causing a reduction of macrophage population in the TME of OS. Furthermore, we developed cell lines from the GEMM tumors, including a degradation tag-MYC model system, which validated our MYC-dependent findings both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies utilized innovative and clinically relevant models to identify a potentially novel molecular mechanism through which MYC regulates the profile and function of the OS immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K. Nirala
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Tajhal D. Patel
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Lyazat Kurenbekova
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Ryan Shuck
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Atreyi Dasgupta
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, and
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Marinoff AE, Spurr LF, Fong C, Li YY, Forrest SJ, Ward A, Doan D, Corson L, Mauguen A, Pinto N, Maese L, Colace S, Macy ME, Kim A, Sabnis AJ, Applebaum MA, Laetsch TW, Glade-Bender J, Weiser DA, Anderson M, Crompton BD, Meyers P, Zehir A, MacConaill L, Lindeman N, Nowak JA, Ladanyi M, Church AJ, Cherniack AD, Shukla N, Janeway KA. Clinical Targeted Next-Generation Panel Sequencing Reveals MYC Amplification Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Osteosarcoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200334. [PMID: 36996377 PMCID: PMC10531050 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma risk stratification, on the basis of the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis and histologic response to chemotherapy, has remained unchanged for four decades, does not include genomic features, and has not facilitated treatment advances. We report on the genomic features of advanced osteosarcoma and provide evidence that genomic alterations can be used for risk stratification. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a primary analytic patient cohort, 113 tumor and 69 normal samples from 92 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma were sequenced with OncoPanel, a targeted next-generation sequencing assay. In this primary cohort, we assessed the genomic landscape of advanced disease and evaluated the correlation between recurrent genomic events and outcome. We assessed whether prognostic associations identified in the primary cohort were maintained in a validation cohort of 86 patients with localized osteosarcoma tested with MSK-IMPACT. RESULTS In the primary cohort, 3-year overall survival (OS) was 65%. Metastatic disease, present in 33% of patients at diagnosis, was associated with poor OS (P = .04). The most frequently altered genes in the primary cohort were TP53, RB1, MYC, CCNE1, CCND3, CDKN2A/B, and ATRX. Mutational signature 3 was present in 28% of samples. MYC amplification was associated with a worse 3-year OS in both the primary cohort (P = .015) and the validation cohort (P = .012). CONCLUSION The most frequently occurring genomic events in advanced osteosarcoma were similar to those described in prior reports. MYC amplification, detected with clinical targeted next-generation sequencing panel tests, is associated with poorer outcomes in two independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Marinoff
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Liam F. Spurr
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yvonne Y. Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA
| | - Suzanne J. Forrest
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail Ward
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Duong Doan
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Laura Corson
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Navin Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Luke Maese
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Susan Colace
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Margaret E. Macy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado and The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Colorado Children's Hospital, Denver, CO
| | - AeRang Kim
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Amit J. Sabnis
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Theodore W. Laetsch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Julia Glade-Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel A. Weiser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, NY
| | - Megan Anderson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brian D. Crompton
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Laura MacConaill
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Neal Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alanna J. Church
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew D. Cherniack
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katherine A. Janeway
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Origin and Therapies of Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143503. [PMID: 35884563 PMCID: PMC9322921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children, with a 5-year survival rate ranging from 70% to 20% depending on the aggressiveness of the disease. The current treatments have not evolved over the past four decades due in part to the genetic complexity of the disease and its heterogeneity. This review will summarize the current knowledge of OS origin, diagnosis and therapies. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone tumor, mainly affecting children and young adults. Despite therapeutic advances, the 5-year survival rate is 70% but drastically decreases to 20–30% for poor responders to therapies or for patients with metastasis. No real evolution of the survival rates has been observed for four decades, explained by poor knowledge of the origin, difficulties related to diagnosis and the lack of targeted therapies for this pediatric tumor. This review will describe a non-exhaustive overview of osteosarcoma disease from a clinical and biological point of view, describing the origin, diagnosis and therapies.
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Sarcoma Common MHC-I Haplotype Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143414. [PMID: 35884474 PMCID: PMC9322060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint pathways have recently attracted great attention in cancer treatment, but better strategies are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from it. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells greatly influences the outcome of T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we determined the prevalent HLA class I allelic variants in a sarcoma population. We characterized patient CD8+ T-cells and demonstrated low cytolysis to autologous tumor cells. Moreover, we used a co-culture model of autologous T-cells and PD-L1-deficient or positive biopsies of rare sarcomas to determine whether HLA-I influences tumor survival. Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells has a crucial impact on the outcome of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. We now determined the HLA class I allelic variants and their expression in PD-L1-deficient and positive rare sarcoma tissues. Tumor tissues were HLA-I classified based on HLA-A and -B alleles, and for class II, the HLA-DR-B by Taqman genomic PCRs. The HLA-A24*:10-B73*:01 haplotype was the most common. A general down-regulation or deletion of HLA-B mRNA and HLA-A was observed, compared to HLA-DR-B. HLA-I was almost too low to be detectable by immunohistochemistry and 32% of grade III cases were positive to PD-L1. Functional cytotoxic assays co-culturing patient biopsies with autologous T cells were used to assess their ability to kill matched tumor cells. These results establish that deletion of HLA-I loci together with their down-regulation in individual patient restrict the autologous lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, even in the presence of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody, Nivolumab. Additionally, the proposed cytotoxic test suggests a strategy to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
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Abstract
The F-box proteins (FBP), substrate recognition subunit of the SCF (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein complex) E3 ligase, play important roles in the ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of the target proteins from several cellular processes. Disorders of F-box protein-mediated proteolysis lead to human malignancies. FBP plays an important role in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and metastasis, suggesting that it can be associated with tumorigenesis, cancer development and progression. However, the expression and function of FBXO9 (F-box only protein 9) differ in various types of human cancer. Due to the ability to regulate the stability and activity of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, and the physiological functions of many of the F-box proteins remain subtle, further genetic and mechanistic studies will elaborate and help define FBXO9's role. Targeting F-box protein or F-box protein signaling pathways could be an effective strategy for preventing or treating human cancer. This review is presented to summarize the part of FBXO9 in different types of human cancer and its regulation mechanism, and to pave the way to design FBXO9-targeting anticancer therapies.
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Puzik A, Uhl M, Ruf J, Schumacher T, Kontny U. Unusual course of disease and genetic profile in Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated osteosarcoma - a case report. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:44. [PMID: 34670578 PMCID: PMC8527636 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumour associated with numerous and complex genetic alterations like copy number alterations. Recent whole genome studies revealed distinct mutations in several candidate oncogenes. While clinical parameters stratify osteosarcoma patients in risk groups, genetic profiles have not yet been used to tailor tumour treatment. However, specific copy number alterations seem to have a prognostic impact in osteosarcoma treatment. Somatic TP53 gene mutation frequently occurs in sporadic osteosarcoma. When arising germline, TP53 mutation leads to Li-Fraumeni syndrome and may result in early life osteosarcoma. The effect of Li-Fraumeni syndrome on the genetic profile of osteosarcoma and the consideration of the syndrome during cancer treatment are topics of current research. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 25-year-old female with pelvic osteosarcoma refusing continuation of therapy. She interrupted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy according to EURAMOS-1/COSS recommendations and declined local or further adjuvant therapy. Surprisingly, she remained in sustained remission for the osteosarcoma but eventually died from newly diagnosed breast cancer. After establishment of breast cancer, we detected TP53 germline mutation and investigated the osteosarcoma material with array-CGH. CONCLUSION Genetic examination of the tumour evidenced several copy number alterations with striking differences to previously reported data. We discuss possible influences of the genetic profile on the unusual clinical course and the significance of Li-Fraumeni syndrome for the genetic profile. Specific loss of (proto-) oncogenes might have contributed to the unusual case. Further large-scale genetics of Li-Fraumeni patients combined with detailed clinical data will help to identify specific genetic risk profiles and improve treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puzik
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Uhl
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Udo Kontny
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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11
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van der Laan P, van Houdt WJ, van den Broek D, Steeghs N, van der Graaf WTA. Liquid Biopsies in Sarcoma Clinical Practice: Where Do We Stand? Biomedicines 2021; 9:1315. [PMID: 34680432 PMCID: PMC8533081 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare tumors of bone and soft tissue with a mesenchymal origin. This uncommon type of cancer is marked by a high heterogeneity, consisting of over 70 subtypes. Because of this broad spectrum, their treatment requires a subtype-specific therapeutic approach. Tissue biopsy is currently the golden standard for sarcoma diagnosis, but it has its limitations. Over the recent years, methods to detect, characterize, and monitor cancer through liquid biopsy have evolved rapidly. The analysis of circulating biomarkers in peripheral blood, such as circulating tumor cells (CTC) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), could provide real-time information on tumor genetics, disease state, and resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, it traces tumor evolution and can assess tumor heterogeneity. Although the first results in sarcomas are encouraging, there are technical challenges that need to be addressed for implementation in clinical practice. Here, we summarize current knowledge about liquid biopsies in sarcomas and elaborate on different strategies to integrate liquid biopsy into sarcoma clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia van der Laan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (W.J.v.H.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Winan J. van Houdt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.L.); (W.J.v.H.)
| | - Daan van den Broek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Winette T. A. van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Whittle SB, Offer K, Roberts RD, LeBlanc A, London C, Majzner RG, Huang AY, Houghton P, Cordero EAS, Grohar PJ, Isakoff M, Bishop MW, Stewart E, Slotkin EK, Greengard E, Borinstein SC, Navid F, Gorlick R, Janeway KA, Reed DR, Hingorani P. Charting a path for prioritization of novel agents for clinical trials in osteosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group New Agents for Osteosarcoma Task Force. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29188. [PMID: 34137164 PMCID: PMC8316376 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in children and young adults. Metastatic and relapsed disease confer poor prognosis, and there have been no improvements in outcomes for several decades. The disease's biological complexity, lack of drugs developed specifically for osteosarcoma, imperfect preclinical models, and limits of existing clinical trial designs have contributed to lack of progress. The Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee established the New Agents for Osteosarcoma Task Force to identify and prioritize agents for inclusion in clinical trials. The group identified multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapies targeting B7-H3, CD47-SIRPα inhibitors, telaglenastat, and epigenetic modifiers as the top agents of interest. Only multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors met all criteria for frontline evaluation and have already been incorporated into an upcoming phase III study concept. The task force will continue to reassess identified agents of interest as new data become available and evaluate novel agents using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Whittle
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Katharine Offer
- Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Ryan D. Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cheryl London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Robbie G. Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Peter Houghton
- Greehy Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - E. Alejandro Sweet Cordero
- Benioff Children’s Hospitals, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Michael Isakoff
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT
| | - Michael W. Bishop
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Scott C. Borinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Fariba Navid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Damon R. Reed
- Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL and Moffitt Cancer Center Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Tampa, FL
| | - Pooja Hingorani
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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13
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Montoya-Cerrillo DM, Diaz-Perez JA, Velez-Torres JM, Montgomery EA, Rosenberg AE. Novel fusion genes in spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma: The spectrum broadens. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:687-694. [PMID: 34184341 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with striated muscle differentiation. RMSs are classified as alveolar, embryonal, spindle cell/sclerosing, and pleomorphic types and molecular analysis of these tumors has identified aberrations that are useful in their further subclassification. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (SpRMS) is uncommon and has been described with VGLL2 fusions, EWSR1/FUS-TFCP2 rearrangements, and myoD1 mutations-the mutations are associated with significantly different prognoses. In addition, the NCOA2-MEIS1 fusion gene was recently described in two primary intraosseous RMS that contained spindle cell components. Herein, we report three cases of SpRMS harboring different novel fusion genes, one possessing EP300-VGLL3, a second with NCOA2-MEIS1 and CAV1-MET, and the third case had HMGA2-NEGR1 and multiple amplified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Montoya-Cerrillo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jaylou M Velez-Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew E Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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14
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Li S, Guo R, Peng Z, Quan B, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. NPR3, transcriptionally regulated by POU2F1, inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth through blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110074. [PMID: 34229087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3), mediates natriuretic peptides degradation, was reported to act as a tumor suppressor or promoter in some types of cancer. Previous studies showed that NPR3 was significantly decreased in osteosarcoma (OS) samples. However, the function and potential regulatory mechanism of NPR3 in OS development are unknown. By analyzing the protein expression of NPR3 in OS cell lines (n = 5) and human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19, we found that NPR3 expression was also significantly decreased in OS cells. The loss/gain-of-function analysis indicated that NPR3 overexpression observably decreased OS cell viability, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. However, NPR3 knockdown further enhanced the malignant phenotype of OS cells. Furthermore, NPR3 downregulation activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in OS cells, and the effects of NPR3 silencing on cell proliferation were reversed by the blockade of PI3K/AKT pathway. Of note, dual-luciferase reported assay and site-directed mutagenesis assay indicated that transcription factor POU domain class 2 transcription factor 1 (POU2F1) was proved to suppress NPR3 promoter activity by mainly binding to the -900 to -800 bp region of NPR3 promoter. Moreover, NPR3 overexpression inversed the promotion effect of POU2F1 on cell proliferation. In vivo experiments confirmed that NPR3 overexpression suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that NPR3 may serve as a novel tumor suppressive factor through blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and transcriptionally regulated by POU2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China; The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirong Guo
- The Fifth Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Quan
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- The Fourth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Wang
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xie L, Yang Y, Guo W, Che D, Xu J, Sun X, Liu K, Ren T, Liu X, Yang Y, Ji T, Tang X. The Clinical Implications of Tumor Mutational Burden in Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:595527. [PMID: 33898301 PMCID: PMC8059407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OTS) is aggressive bone malignancy without well-recognized prognosis biomarker. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been proved as effective biomarker in predicting clinical outcomes in several cancer types. However, its prognostic value in OTS remains unknown. In this study, we aim to evaluate the implication of TMB in OTS patients. Methods To depict the landscape of somatic mutations in OTS, we performed Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) on 31 OTS tissue samples and corresponding White Blood Cells (WBCs) as matched control. TMB was calculated as the total number of somatic alterations in coding regions normalized to the per sequenced genomic megabase (~30.4Mb in WES). The prognostic values of TMB were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models. Results The median age was 16.0 years at diagnosis, and 54.8% of patients were male. The most common genetic alterations were mainly involved in cell cycle and DNA damage response and repair, including H3F3A, TP53, MYC, and CDKN2A/B. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 775.5 days in TMB-High (defined as third quartile of TMB value, <2.565) versus 351 days in TMB-Low (<2.565). All patients with TMB-High are PFS-Long (>400 days), while 36.4% of all patients with TMB-Low were PFS-Long (P=0.003). TMB were significantly greater in PFS-Long than in PFS-Short (<400 days) (P=0.002). Moreover, the median overall survival (OS) was 1,307 days in TMB-High versus 672.5 days in TMB-Low. Furthermore, TMB-High group had significantly improved PFS (P=0.04) and OS (P=0.03). Conclusions TMB-High can be used as prognostic marker for OTS. Our findings demonstrate that TMB may be helpful in combination with traditionally clinicopathologic risk factors to optimize risk stratification and guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- The Division of Bioinformatics, Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxue Che
- The Division of Bioinformatics, Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Is Use of BMP-2 Associated with Tumor Growth and Osteoblastic Differentiation in Murine Models of Osteosarcoma? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:2921-2933. [PMID: 33275394 PMCID: PMC7899403 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The putative benefit of rhBMP-2 is in the setting of limb reconstruction using structural allografts, whether it be allograft-prosthetic composites, osteoarticular allografts, or intercalary segmental grafts. There are also potential advantages in augmenting osseointegration of uncemented endoprosthetics and in reducing infection. Recombinant human BMP-2 might mitigate nonunion in structural allograft augmented osteosarcoma limb salvage surgery; however, its use is limited because of concerns about the prooncogenic effects of the agent. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) To assess if BMP-2 signaling influences osteosarcoma cell line growth. (2) To characterize degree of osteosarcoma cell line osteoblastic differentiation in response to BMP-2. (3) To assess if BMP-2 signaling has a consistent effect on local or systemic tumor burden in various orthotopic murine models of osteosarcoma. METHODS In this study, 143b, SaOS-2 and DLM8-M1 osteosarcoma cell lines were transfected with BMP-2 cDNA controlled by a constitutive promoter (experimental) or an empty vector (control) using a PiggyBac transposon system. Cellular proliferation was assessed using a quantitative MTT colorimetric assay. Osteoblastic differentiation was compared between control and experimental cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the osteoblastic markers connective tissue growth factor, Runx-2, Osterix, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Experimental and control cell lines were injected into the proximal tibia of either NOD-SCID (143b and SaOS-2 xenograft model), or C3H (DLM8-M1 syngeneic model) mice. Local tumor burden was quantitatively assessed using tumor volume caliper measurements and bioluminescence, and qualitatively assessed using post-mortem ex vivo microCT. Lung metastasis was qualitatively assessed by the presence of bioluminescence, and incidence was confirmed using histology. rhBMP-2 soaked absorbable collagen sponges (experimental) and sterile-H2O soaked absorbable collagen sponges (control) were implanted adjacent to 143b proximal tibial cell line injections to compare the effects of exogenous BMP-2 application with endogenous upregulation. RESULTS Constitutive expression of BMP-2 increased the in vitro proliferation of 143b cells (absorbance values 1.2 ± 0.1 versus 0.89 ± 0.1, mean difference 0.36 [95% CI 0.12 to 0.6]; p = 0.01), but had no effect on SaOS-2 and DLM8-M1 cell proliferation. In response to constitutive BMP-2 expression, 143b cells had no differences in osteoblastic differentiation, while DLM8-M1 cells downregulated the early marker connective tissue growth factor (mean ΔCt 0.2 ± 0.1 versus 0.6 ± 0.1; p = 0.002) and upregulated the early-mid range marker Runx-2 (mean ΔCt -0.8 ± 0.1 versus -1.1 ± 0.1; p = 0.002), and SaOS-2 cells upregulated the mid-range marker Osterix (mean ΔCt -2.1 ± 0.6 versus -3.9 ± 0.6; p = 0.002). Constitutive expression of BMP-2 resulted in greater 143b and DLM8-M1 local tumor volume (143b: 307.2 ± 106.8 mm versus 1316 ± 387.4 mm, mean difference 1009 mm [95% CI 674.5 to 1343]; p < 0.001, DLM8-M1 week four: 0 mm versus 326.1 ± 72.8 mm, mean difference 326.1 mm [95% CI 121.2 to 531]; p = 0.009), but modestly reduced local tumor growth in SaOS-2 (9.5 x 10 ± 8.3x10 photons/s versus 9.3 x 10 ± 1.5 x 10 photons/s, mean difference 8.6 x 10 photons/s [95% CI 5.1 x 10 to 1.2 x 10]; p < 0.001). Application of exogenous rhBMP-2 also increased 143b local tumor volume (495 ± 91.9 mm versus 1335 ± 102.7 mm, mean difference 840.3 mm [95% CI 671.7 to 1009]; p < 0.001). Incidence of lung metastases was not different between experimental or control groups for all experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by others, ectopic BMP-2 signaling has unpredictable effects on local tumor proliferation in murine models of osteosarcoma and does not consistently result in osteosarcoma cell line differentiation. Further investigations into other methods of safe bone and soft tissue healing augmentation and the use of differentiation therapies is warranted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate that BMP-2 has the potential to stimulate the growth of osteosarcoma cells that are poorly responsive to BMP-2 mediated osteoblastic differentiation. As this differentiation potential is unpredictable in the clinical setting, BMP-2 may promote the growth of microscopic residual tumor burden after resection. Our study provides further support for the recommendation to avoid the use of BMP-2 after limb-salvage surgery in patients with osteosarcoma.
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17
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Jafari F, Javdansirat S, Sanaie S, Naseri A, Shamekh A, Rostamzadeh D, Dolati S. Osteosarcoma: A comprehensive review of management and treatment strategies. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151654. [PMID: 33130384 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a bone cancer usually seen in children and young adults, is generally a high-grade malignancy presented by extreme metastases to the lungs. Osteosarcoma has a tendency for appearing in bones with rapid growth rate. The etiology of osteosarcoma is multifaceted and poorly understood. A molecular consideration of this disease will lead to a directed tumor treatment. The present treatment for osteosarcoma comprises of an arrangement of systemic chemotherapy and wide surgical resection. Survival rate is increased by the progress of destructive systemic chemotherapies. So, the development of new treatment approaches for metastatic osteosarcoma is essential. Immunomodulation has been used in clinical settings. Through targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, particular antibodies and exploitation of cellular immunotherapy against sarcomas have been confirmed to be effective as cancer therapeutics. In this article, we have reviewed epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma and we have focused on different methods of immunotherapy including vaccines, cell-based immunotherapy, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Javdansirat
- Clinical Research development unit Center, Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Naseri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Rostamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Systems Biology Approach Identifies Prognostic Signatures of Poor Overall Survival and Guides the Prioritization of Novel BET-CHK1 Combination Therapy for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092426. [PMID: 32859084 PMCID: PMC7564419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) patients exhibit poor overall survival, partly due to copy number variations (CNVs) resulting in dysregulated gene expression and therapeutic resistance. To identify actionable prognostic signatures of poor overall survival, we employed a systems biology approach using public databases to integrate CNVs, gene expression, and survival outcomes in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult OS patients. Chromosome 8 was a hotspot for poor prognostic signatures. The MYC-RAD21 copy number gain (8q24) correlated with increased gene expression and poor overall survival in 90% of the patients (n = 85). MYC and RAD21 play a role in replication-stress, which is a therapeutically actionable network. We prioritized replication-stress regulators, bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BETs), and CHK1, in order to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of BET + CHK1 in MYC-RAD21+ pediatric OS models would be efficacious and safe. We demonstrate that MYC-RAD21+ pediatric OS cell lines were sensitive to the inhibition of BET (BETi) and CHK1 (CHK1i) at clinically achievable concentrations. While the potentiation of CHK1i-mediated effects by BETi was BET-BRD4-dependent, MYC expression was BET-BRD4-independent. In MYC-RAD21+ pediatric OS xenografts, BETi + CHK1i significantly decreased tumor growth, increased survival, and was well tolerated. Therefore, targeting replication stress is a promising strategy to pursue as a therapeutic option for this devastating disease.
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19
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Schott C, Shah AT, Sweet-Cordero EA. Genomic Complexity of Osteosarcoma and Its Implication for Preclinical and Clinical Targeted Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:1-19. [PMID: 32767231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a genomically complex disease characterized by few recurrent single-nucleotide mutations or in-frame fusions. In contrast, structural alterations, including copy number changes, chromothripsis, kataegis, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and other large-scale genomic alterations, are frequent and widespread across the osteosarcoma genome. These observed structural alterations lead to activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors which together contribute to oncogenesis. To date, few targeted therapies for osteosarcoma have been identified. It is likely that effectiveness of targeted therapies will vary greatly in subsets of tumors with distinct key driver events. Model systems which can recapitulate the genetic heterogeneity of this disease are needed to test this hypothesis. One possible approach is to use patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models characterized with regards to their similarity to the human tumor samples from which they were derived. Here we review evidence pointing to the genomic complexity of osteosarcoma and how this is reflected in available model systems. We also review the current state of preclinical testing for targeted therapies using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Schott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Izadpanah S, Shabani P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Baghbanzadeh A, Fotouhi A, Bisadi A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Prospects for the involvement of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4167-4182. [PMID: 31709547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone tumors in children and adolescents that cause a high rate of mortality in this age group and tends to be metastatic, in spite of chemotherapy and surgery. The main reason for this can be returned to a small group of malignant cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). OS-CSCs play a key role in the resistance to treatment and relapse and metastasis through self-renewal and differentiation abilities. In this review, we intend to go through the different aspects of this malignant disease, including the cancer stem cell-phenotype, methods for isolating CSCs, signaling pathways, and molecular markers in this disease, and drugs showing resistance in treatment efforts of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Izadpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parastoo Shabani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bisadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Marques da Costa ME, Marchais A, Gomez-Brouchet A, Job B, Assoun N, Daudigeos-Dubus E, Fromigué O, Santos C, Geoerger B, Gaspar N. In-Vitro and In-Vivo Establishment and Characterization of Bioluminescent Orthotopic Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Osteosarcoma Models in NSG Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070997. [PMID: 31319571 PMCID: PMC6678535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy with a peak incidence at adolescence, had no survival improvement since decades. Persistent problems are chemo-resistance and metastatic spread. We developed in-vitro osteosarcoma models resistant to chemotherapy and in-vivo bioluminescent orthotopic cell-derived-xenografts (CDX). Continuous increasing drug concentration cultures in-vitro resulted in five methotrexate (MTX)-resistant and one doxorubicin (DOXO)-resistant cell lines. Resistance persisted after drug removal except for MG-63. Different resistance mechanisms were identified, affecting drug transport and action mechanisms specific to methotrexate (RFC/SCL19A1 decrease, DHFR up-regulation) for MTX-resistant lines, or a multi-drug phenomenon (PgP up-regulation) for HOS-R/DOXO. Differential analysis of copy number abnormalities (aCGH) and gene expression (RNAseq) revealed changes of several chromosomic regions translated at transcriptomic level depending on drug and cell line, as well as different pathways implicated in invasive and metastatic potential (e.g., Fas, Metalloproteinases) and immunity (enrichment in HLA cluster genes in 6p21.3) in HOS-R/DOXO. Resistant-CDX models (HOS-R/MTX, HOS-R/DOXO and Saos-2-B-R/MTX) injected intratibially into NSG mice behaved as their parental counterpart at primary tumor site; however, they exhibited a slower growth rate and lower metastatic spread, although they retained resistance and CGH main characteristics without drug pressure. These models represent valuable tools to explore resistance mechanisms and new therapies in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugénia Marques da Costa
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonin Marchais
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Anne Gomez-Brouchet
- IUCT-Oncopole, CHU and University of Toulouse, Pathology department, 31100 Toulouse, France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR5089, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bastien Job
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), US23, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Noémie Assoun
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Estelle Daudigeos-Dubus
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Olivia Fromigué
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR981, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4000 Porto, Portugal
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France.
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France.
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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22
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Hattinger CM, Patrizio MP, Tavanti E, Luppi S, Magagnoli F, Picci P, Serra M. Genetic testing for high-grade osteosarcoma: a guide for future tailored treatments? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:947-961. [PMID: 30324828 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1535903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic characterization of osteosarcoma has evolved during the last decade, thanks to the integrated application of conventional and new candidate-driven and genome-wide technologies. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the state of art in genetic testing applied to osteosarcoma, with particular regard to novel candidate genetic biomarkers that can be analyzed in tumor tissue and blood samples, which might be used to predict toxicity and prognosis, detect disease relapse, and improve patients' selection criteria for tailoring treatment. Expert commentary: Genetic testing based on modern technologies is expected to indicate new osteosarcoma-related prognostic markers and driver genes, which may highlight novel therapeutic targets and patients stratification biomarkers. The definition of tailored or targeted treatment approaches may improve outcome of patients with localized tumors and, even more, of those with metastatic disease, for whom progress in cure probability is highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Pia Patrizio
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Luppi
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Federica Magagnoli
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
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23
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Abstract
Pet dogs are becoming increasingly recognized as a population with the potential to inform medical research through their treatment for a variety of maladies by veterinary health professionals. This is the basis of the One Health initiative, supporting the idea of collaboration between human and animal health researchers and clinicians to study spontaneous disease processes and treatment in animals to inform human health. Cancer is a major health burden in pet dogs, accounting for approximately 30% of deaths across breeds. As such, pet dogs with cancer are becoming increasingly recognized as a resource for studying the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs and therapies under development. This was recently highlighted by a National Academy of Medicine Workshop on Comparative Oncology that took place in mid-2015 (http://www.nap.edu/21830). One component of cancer burden in dogs is their significantly higher incidence of sarcomas as compared to humans. This increased incidence led to canine osteosarcoma being an important component in the development of surgical approaches for osteosarcoma in children. Included in this review of sarcomas in dogs is a description of the incidence, pathology, molecular characteristics and previous translational therapeutic studies associated with these tumors. An understanding of the patho-physiological and molecular characteristics of these naturally occurring canine sarcomas holds great promise for effective incorporation into drug development schemas, for evaluation of target modulation or other pharmacodynamic measures associated with therapeutic response. These data could serve to supplement other preclinical data and bolster clinical investigations in tumor types for which there is a paucity of human patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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24
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Klega K, Imamovic-Tuco A, Ha G, Clapp AN, Meyer S, Ward A, Clinton C, Nag A, Van Allen E, Mullen E, DuBois SG, Janeway K, Meyerson M, Thorner AR, Crompton BD. Detection of Somatic Structural Variants Enables Quantification and Characterization of Circulating Tumor DNA in Children With Solid Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 30027144 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Liquid biopsies are being rapidly used in adult cancers as new biomarkers of disease. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels have been reported to be proportional to disease burden, correlate with treatment response, and predict relapse. However, little is known about how frequently ctDNA is detectable in pediatric patients with solid tumors. Therefore, we developed a next-generation sequencing approach to detect and quantify ctDNA in the blood of patients with the most common pediatric solid tumors. Methods Detection of ctDNA requires assays sensitive to somatic events typically observed in the cancer type being studied. In pediatric solid tumors, structural variants are more common than recurrent point mutations. We adapted an ultralow passage whole-genome sequencing approach to capture copy number variants and a hybrid capture sequencing assay to detect translocations in liquid biopsy samples from pediatric patients. Results Copy number changes seen by ultralow passage whole-genome sequencing enabled detection of ctDNA in patients with osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms tumor. In Ewing sarcoma, detection of the EWSR1 translocation was a more sensitive approach. For patients with samples collected at multiple time points, changes in ctDNA levels corresponded to treatment response. We also found that disease-specific genomic biomarkers of prognosis were detectable in ctDNA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that liquid biopsy approaches that detect somatic structural variants are well suited to pediatric solid tumors. We show that children with the most common solid tumor malignancies have detectable levels of ctDNA, which may be used to track disease response and identify genomic subclassifiers of disease. Efforts to profile larger collections of clinically annotated specimens are under way to validate the clinical use of these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gavin Ha
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
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25
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Zheng J, You W, Zheng C, Wan P, Chen J, Jiang X, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Gong A, Li W, Tan J, Ji T, Guo W, Zhang S. Knockdown of FBXO39 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human osteosarcoma U-2OS cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1849-1854. [PMID: 30008875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
F-box proteins are essential components of the Skp-cullin-F-box complex (a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase), and participate in cell cycle and immune responses through the ubiquitin proteasome system. F-box protein 39 (FBXO39) belongs to the F-box family, which has been reported to be associated with cancer oncogenesis and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FBXO39 in osteosarcoma (OS) cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. It was demonstrated that U-2OS cells exhibited high expression of FBXO39 compared with HOS and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells. Thus, knockdown of FBXO39 was performed using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection to validate the effect of FBXO39 in U-2OS cells. Western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis were used to confirm the efficiency of infection by analyzing the expression level of FBXO39. Using Celigo-based cell counting and MTT assays, it was demonstrated that FBXO39 knockdown significantly reduced the rate of cell proliferation compared with control. Caspase 3/7 activity assays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting confirmed the induction of apoptosis in U-2OS cells following FBXO39 knockdown. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that FBXO39 knockdown may significantly inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of U-2OS cells. Thus, FBXO39 may serve an important role in OS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Zheng
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China.,Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxi Zheng
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Gong
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Tan
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ji
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Zhang
- Department of Joint and Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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26
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Tang Q, Lu J, Zou C, Shao Y, Chen Y, Narala S, Fang H, Xu H, Wang J, Shen J, Khokha R. CDH4 is a novel determinant of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:3617-3630. [PMID: 29610525 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The era of cancer genomics now provides an opportunity to discover novel determinants of osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents known for its poor prognosis due to lung metastasis. Here, we identify CDH4 amplification in 43.6% of human osteosarcoma using array CGH and demonstrate its critical role in osteosarcoma development and progression. Gain or loss-of-function of CDH4, which encodes R-cadherin, causally impacts multiple features of human OS cells including cell migration and invasion, osteogenic differentiation, and stemness. CDH4 overexpression activates c-Jun via the JNK pathway, while CDH4 knockdown suppresses both tumor xenograft growth and lung colonization. In OS patient specimens, high CDH4 expression associates with lung metastases and poor prognosis. Collectively, our bioinformatics, functional, molecular, and clinical analyses uncover an oncogenic function of CDH4 in osteosarcoma and its relationship with patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Tang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changye Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Swami Narala
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Huaiyuan Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
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27
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Raimondi L, De Luca A, Costa V, Amodio N, Carina V, Bellavia D, Tassone P, Pagani S, Fini M, Alessandro R, Giavaresi G. Circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma: new translational tools for diagnosis and treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100831-100851. [PMID: 29246026 PMCID: PMC5725068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare primary malignant bone tumour arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, with high incidence in children and young adults, accounting for approximately 60% of all malignant bone tumours. Currently, long-term disease-free survival can be achieved by surgical treatment plus chemotherapy in approximately 60% of patients with localized extremity disease, and in 20-30% of patients with metastatic lung or bone disease. Diagnosis of primary lesions and recurrences is achieved by using radiological investigations and standard tissue biopsy, the latter being costly, painful and hardly repeatable for patients. Therefore, despite some recent advances, novel biomarkers for OS diagnosis, prediction of response to therapy, disease progression and chemoresistance, are urgently needed. Biological fluids such as blood represent a rich source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers, which allow to understand what is really happening inside the tumour, either at diagnosis or during disease progression. In this regard, liquid biopsy potentially represents an alternative and non-invasive method to detect tumour onset, progression and response to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art in this novel area, illustrating recent studies on OS. Although the data reported in literature seem preliminary, liquid biopsy represents a promising tool with the potential to be rapidly translated in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Raimondi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Wu SP, Cooper BT, Bu F, Bowman CJ, Killian JK, Serrano J, Wang S, Jackson TM, Gorovets D, Shukla N, Meyers PA, Pisapia DJ, Gorlick R, Ladanyi M, Thomas K, Snuderl M, Karajannis MA. DNA Methylation-Based Classifier for Accurate Molecular Diagnosis of Bone Sarcomas. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 2017. [PMID: 29354796 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pediatric sarcomas provide a unique diagnostic challenge. There is considerable morphologic overlap between entities, increasing the importance of molecular studies in the diagnosis, treatment, and identification of therapeutic targets. We developed and validated a genome-wide DNA methylation based classifier to differentiate between osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Materials and Methods DNA methylation status of 482,421 CpG sites in 10 Ewing's sarcoma, 11 synovial sarcoma, and 15 osteosarcoma samples were determined using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array. We developed a random forest classifier trained from the 400 most differentially methylated CpG sites within the training set of 36 sarcoma samples. This classifier was validated on data drawn from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) synovial sarcoma, TARGET Osteosarcoma, and a recently published series of Ewing's sarcoma. Results Methylation profiling revealed three distinct patterns, each enriched with a single sarcoma subtype. Within the validation cohorts, all samples from TCGA were accurately classified as synovial sarcoma (10/10, sensitivity and specificity 100%), all but one sample from TARGET-OS were classified as osteosarcoma (85/86, sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%) and 14/15 Ewing's sarcoma samples classified correctly (sensitivity 93%, specificity 100%). The single misclassified osteosarcoma sample demonstrated high EWSR1 and ETV1 expression on RNA-seq although no fusion was found on manual curation of the transcript sequence. Two additional clinical samples, that were difficult to classify by morphology and molecular methods, were classified as osteosarcoma when previously suspected to be a synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma on initial diagnosis, respectively. Conclusion Osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma have distinct epigenetic profiles. Our validated methylation-based classifier can be used to provide diagnostic assistance when histological and standard techniques are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin T Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Fang Bu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - J Keith Killian
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Serrano
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Twana M Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Gorovets
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul A Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David J Pisapia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kristen Thomas
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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29
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Baumhoer D. [Pathogenesis and genetics of osteosarcoma : Current concepts and developments]. DER PATHOLOGE 2017; 39:139-145. [PMID: 28929220 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are genetically complex tumours for which the cell of origin and the molecular pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Despite intensive multimodal treatment protocols only two thirds of patients currently survive the disease which is at least partly due to the early occurring chromosomal instability resulting in marked inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. This review article outlines the current state of osteosarcoma research with a particular focus on exome- and genome-wide sequencing analyses and potential impacts on new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baumhoer
- Knochentumor-Referenzzentrum am Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Universität Basel, Basel, Schweiz.
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30
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Russo R, Cimmino F, Pezone L, Manna F, Avitabile M, Langella C, Koster J, Casale F, Raia M, Viola G, Fischer M, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Kinome expression profiling of human neuroblastoma tumors identifies potential drug targets for ultra high-risk patients. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1011-1020. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
| | - Flora Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
| | - Lucia Pezone
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona,
| | - Francesco Manna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
| | - Concetta Langella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Fiorina Casale
- Servizio di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica—Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy,
| | | | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy,
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne Children’s Hospital, Cologne, Germany,
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany and
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy,
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy,
- IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Napoli, Italy
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31
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Zhang K, Gao J, Ni Y. Screening of candidate key genes associated with human osteosarcoma using bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2887-2893. [PMID: 28928828 PMCID: PMC5588164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes associated with osteosarcoma (OS) using a bioinformatics approach. Microarray data (GSE36004) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 19 OS cell lines and 6 normal controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the OS cell lines were identified using the Limma package, and differentially methylated regions were screened with methyAnalysis in R. Copy number analysis was performed and genes with copy number gains/losses were further screened using DNAcopy and cghMCR packages. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online tool, and protein-protein interactions were identified based on information obtained from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. A total of 47 downregulated genes were screened in hyper-methylated regions, including the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin E, high affinity I, receptor for; γ polypeptide (FCER1G), leptin (LEP) and feline Gardner-Rasheed sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FGR). In addition, a total of 17 upregulated genes, including the TPase family, AAA domain containing 2 (ATAD2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), exhibited copy number gains, while 5 downregulated genes, including Rho GTPase activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) and major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO α (HLA-DOA), exhibited copy number losses. These results indicate that hyper-methylation of FCER1G, LEP, and FGR may serve a crucial function in the development of OS. In addition, copy number alterations of these DEGs, including ATAD2, CDK4, ARHGAP9 and HLA-DOA, may also contribute to OS progression. These DEGs may be candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Gao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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32
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Smida J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Baumhoer D, Ribi S, Kovac M, von Luettichau I, Bielack S, O'Leary VB, Leib-Mösch C, Frishman D, Nathrath M. Genome-wide analysis of somatic copy number alterations and chromosomal breakages in osteosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:816-828. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smida
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
- Pediatric Oncology Center; Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center; Munich Germany
| | - Hongen Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics; Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics; Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Center; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel; Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ribi
- Bone Tumour Reference Center; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel; Switzerland
| | - Michal Kovac
- Bone Tumour Reference Center; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel; Switzerland
| | - Irene von Luettichau
- Pediatric Oncology Center; Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center; Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Bielack
- Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology), Klinikum Stuttgart Olgahospital; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Valerie B. O'Leary
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Christine Leib-Mösch
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics; Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
- St Petersburg State Polytechnic University; St Petersburg Russia
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Neuherberg Germany
- Pediatric Oncology Center; Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center; Munich Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Klinikum Kassel; Germany
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33
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Liao Y, Feng Y, Shen J, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. The roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in sarcoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:151-63. [PMID: 26669603 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation and cell growth is the hallmark of many different malignant diseases, including sarcomas. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are members of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and play crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation and growth by controlling cell cycle, transcription, and RNA splicing. In addition, several CDKs influence multiple targets and phosphorylate transcription factors involved in tumorigenesis. There are many examples linking dysregulated activation and expression of CDKs to tumors, and targeting CDKs in tumor cells has become a promising therapeutic strategy. More recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib for treating metastatic breast cancer. In sarcomas, high levels of CDK mRNA and protein expression have been found in most human sarcoma cells and patient tissues. Many studies have demonstrated consistent results in which inhibition of different CDKs decrease sarcoma cell growth and induce apoptosis. Therefore, CDKs comprise an attractive set of targets for novel anti-sarcoma drug development. In this review, we discuss the roles of different members of CDKs in various sarcomas and provide a pre-clinical overview of promising therapeutic potentials of targeting CDKs with a special emphasis on sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Jacson Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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34
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Grohar PJ, Janeway KA, Mase LD, Schiffman JD. Advances in the Treatment of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:725-735. [PMID: 28561686 PMCID: PMC6066791 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone tumors make up a significant portion of noncentral nervous system solid tumor diagnoses in pediatric oncology patients. Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, both with distinct clinical and pathologic features, are the two most commonly encountered bone cancers in pediatrics. Although mutations in the germline have classically been more associated with osteosarcoma, there is recent evidence germline alterations in patients with Ewing sarcoma also play a significant role in pathogenesis. Treatment advances in this patient population have lagged behind that of other pediatric malignancies, particularly targeted interventions directed at the biologic underpinnings of disease. Recent advances in biologic and genomic understanding of these two cancers has expanded the potential for therapeutic advancement and prevention. In Ewing sarcoma, directed focus on inhibition of EWSR1-FLI1 and its effectors has produced promising results. In osteosarcoma, instead of a concentrated focus on one particular change, largely due to tumor heterogeneity, a more diversified approach has been adopted including investigations of growth factors inhibitors, signaling pathway inhibitors, and immune modulation. Continuing recently made treatment advances relies on clinical trial design and enrollment. Clinical trials should include incorporation of biological findings; specifically, for Ewing sarcoma, assessment of alternative fusions and, for osteosarcoma, stratification utilizing biomarkers. Expanded cancer genomics knowledge, particularly with solid tumors, as it relates to heritability and incorporation of family history has led to early identification of patients with cancer predisposition. In these patients through application of cost-effective evidence-based screening techniques the ultimate goal of cancer prevention is becoming a realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Grohar
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Luke D Mase
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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35
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Wang J, Wu P, Chen PC, Lee C, Chen W, Hung S. Generation of Osteosarcomas from a Combination of Rb Silencing and c-Myc Overexpression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:512-526. [PMID: 28191765 PMCID: PMC5442803 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) was a malignant tumor occurring with unknown etiology that made prevention and early diagnosis difficult. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were found in bone marrow, were claimed to be a possible origin of OS but with little direct evidence. We aimed to characterize OS cells transformed from human MSCs (hMSCs) and identify their association with human primary OS cells and patient survival. Genetic modification with p53 or retinoblastoma (Rb) knockdown and c-Myc or Ras overexpression was applied for hMSC transformation. Transformed cells were assayed for proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenecity, and gene expression profile. Only the combination of Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression successfully transformed hMSCs derived from four individual donors, with increasing cell proliferation, decreasing cell senescence rate, and increasing ability to form colonies and spheres in serum-free medium. These transformed cells lost the expression of certain surface markers, increased in osteogenic potential, and decreased in adipogenic potential. After injection in immunodeficient mice, these cells formed OS-like tumors, as evidenced by radiographic analyses and immunohistochemistry of various OS markers. Microarray with cluster analysis revealed that these transformed cells have gene profiles more similar to patient-derived primary OS cells than their normal MSC counterparts. Most importantly, comparison of OS patient tumor samples revealed that a combination of Rb loss and c-Myc overexpression correlated with a decrease in patient survival. This study successfully transformed human MSCs to OS-like cells by Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression that may be a useful platform for further investigation of preventive and target therapy for human OS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:512-526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jir‐You Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po‐Kuei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Paul Chih‐Hsueh Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia‐Wen Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih‐Chieh Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Flores RJ, Kelly AJ, Li Y, Nakka M, Barkauskas DA, Krailo M, Wang LL, Perlaky L, Lau CC, Hicks MJ, Man TK. A novel prognostic model for osteosarcoma using circulating CXCL10 and FLT3LG. Cancer 2016; 123:144-154. [PMID: 27529817 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant pediatric bone tumor. The identification of novel biomarkers for early prognostication will facilitate risk-based stratification and therapy. This study investigated the significance of circulating cytokines/chemokines for predicting the prognosis at the initial diagnosis. METHODS Luminex assays were used to measure cytokine/chemokine concentrations in blood samples from a discovery cohort of OS patients from Texas Children's Hospital (n = 37) and an independent validation cohort obtained from the Children's Oncology Group (n = 233). After the validation of the biomarkers, a multivariate model was constructed to stratify the patients into risk groups. RESULTS The circulating concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3LG), interferon γ (IFNG), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) were significantly associated with overall survival in both cohorts. Among these candidates, CXCL10 and FLT3LG were independent of the existing prognostic factor, metastasis at diagnosis, and CCL4 further discriminated cancer cases from controls. CXCL10, FLT3LG, and the metastatic status at diagnosis were combined to develop a multivariate model that significantly stratified the patients into 4 distinct risk groups (P = 1.6 × 10-8 ). The survival analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival rates for the low-, intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk groups were 77%, 54%, 47%, and 10%, respectively, whereas the 5-year event-free survival rates were 64%, 47%, 27%, and 0%, respectively. Neither CXCL10 nor FLT3LG tumor expression was significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS High circulating levels of CXCL10 and FLT3LG predicted worse survival for patients with OS. Because both CXCL10 and FL3LG axes are potentially targetable, further study may lead to novel risk-based stratification and therapy for OS. Cancer 2017;144-154. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Flores
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron J Kelly
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiting Li
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Manjula Nakka
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California
| | - Mark Krailo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching C Lau
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M John Hicks
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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37
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Shi H, Mu WD, Zhang B, Meng T, Zhang ST, Zhou DS. Potential role of S-adenosylmethionine in osteosarcoma development. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3653-9. [PMID: 27382303 PMCID: PMC4920229 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic form of osteosarcoma is a life threatening one since it metastasizes to the lungs. The major cause of metastatic osteosarcoma is hypomethylation of numerous genes that undergo overexpression to enable the progression of the disease. In the present study, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a predominant methyl donor, was administered to find out its effects on osteosarcoma progression. As evidence of tumor suppression, the SAM-treated mouse tissue was analyzed histologically, which exemplifies the control that SAM has over abnormal cell proliferation, especially on primary osteosarcoma, but it lacks positive effects on metastatic osteosarcoma. At the molecular level, the successful inhibition of primary osteosarcoma was found to be associated with a lower expression of Sox2, a protein highly expressed in osteosarcoma stem cells, along with an upregulated expression of TCTP. The data suggest that the administration of SAM has a positive role in treating primary osteosarcoma, but it has no role in suppressing metastatic osteosarcoma. The decreased expression of Sox2 together with upregulation of TCTP following SAM administration indicates that SAM has a control over primary osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
| | - Wei-Dong Mu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
| | | | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan
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38
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Vos HI, Coenen MJH, Guchelaar HJ, Te Loo DMWM. The role of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1775-1786. [PMID: 27352631 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In osteosarcoma, large variation is observed in the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs among similarly treated patients. Treatment optimization using predictive factors or algorithms is of importance, because there has been a lack of improvement of treatment outcome and survival for decades. The outcome of cancer treatment is influenced by the genome, thus studying genetic variants involved in the efficacy and toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of osteosarcoma could be an opportunity to optimize current treatments and improve our understanding of the individual's drug response in osteosarcoma patients. This review discusses the current insights in the pharmacogenetics of the treatment response of osteosarcoma patients regarding efficacy and toxicity, and implications for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke I Vos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Dept of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Dept of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dunja Maroeska W M Te Loo
- Dept of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dept of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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39
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Osteosarcoma: Cells-of-Origin, Cancer Stem Cells, and Targeted Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3631764. [PMID: 27366153 PMCID: PMC4913005 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3631764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary solid tumor that develops in bone. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for those patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dismally poor and, therefore, novel agents and treatment regimens are urgently required. A hypothesis to explain the resistance of OS to chemotherapy is the existence of drug resistant CSCs with progenitor properties that are responsible of tumor relapses and metastasis. These subpopulations of CSCs commonly emerge during tumor evolution from the cell-of-origin, which are the normal cells that acquire the first cancer-promoting mutations to initiate tumor formation. In OS, several cell types along the osteogenic lineage have been proposed as cell-of-origin. Both the cell-of-origin and their derived CSC subpopulations are highly influenced by environmental and epigenetic factors and, therefore, targeting the OS-CSC environment and niche is the rationale for many recently postulated therapies. Likewise, some strategies for targeting CSC-associated signaling pathways have already been tested in both preclinical and clinical settings. This review recapitulates current OS cell-of-origin models, the properties of the OS-CSC and its niche, and potential new therapies able to target OS-CSCs.
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40
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Serra M, Hattinger CM. The pharmacogenomics of osteosarcoma. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:11-20. [PMID: 27241064 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant tumor of bone, is presently treated with multidrug neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols, which allow to cure 60-65% of patients but also induce toxicity events that cannot be predicted or efficiently prevented. The identification and validation of pharmacogenomic biomarkers is, therefore, absolutely warranted to provide the bases for planning personalized treatments with the aim to increase the therapeutic benefits and to avoid or limit unnecessary toxicities. As several targeted therapies against molecular and immunological markers in OS are presently under clinical investigation, it may be speculated that some new agents for innovative treatments may emerge in the next years. However, the real improvement of therapeutic perspectives for OS is strictly connected to the identification of pharmacogenomic biomarkers that may stratify patients in responders or non-responders and identify those individuals with higher susceptibility to treatment-associated toxicity. This review provides an overview of the pharmacogenomic biomarkers identified so far in OS, which appear to be promising candidates for a translation to clinical practice, after further investigation and/or prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - C M Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
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41
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a deadly bone malignancy affecting mostly children and adolescents. OS has outstandingly complex genetic alterations likely due to p53-independent genomic instability. Based on analysis of recent published research we claim existence of various genetic mechanisms of osteosarcomagenesis conferring great variability to different OS properties including metastatic potential. We also propose a model explaining how diverse genetic mechanisms occur and providing a framework for future research. P53-independent preexisting genomic instability, which precedes and frequently causes TP53 genetic alterations, is central in our model. In addition, our analyses reveal a possible cooperation between aberrantly activated HIF-1α and AP-1 genetic pathways in OS metastasis. We also review the involvement of noncoding RNA genes in OS metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Maximov
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.,Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Niu F, Zhao S, Xu CY, Chen L, Ye L, Bi GB, Tian G, Gong P, Nie TH. Identification and functional analysis of differentially expressed genes related to metastatic osteosarcoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10797-801. [PMID: 25605179 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.24.10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the molecular mechanisms of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) by using the microarray expression profiles of metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene expression profile GSE37552 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 2 human metastatic OS cell line models and 2 two non-metastatic OS cell line models. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Multtest package in R language. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed by WebGestalt, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by Hitpredict, then the signal pathways of the genes involved in the networks were performed by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) automatic annotation server (KAAS). RESULTS A total of 237 genes were classified as DEGs in metastatic OS. The most significant up- and down-regulated genes were A2M (alpha-2-macroglobulin) and BCAN (brevican). The DEGs were significantly related to the response to hormone stimulus, and the PPI network of A2M contained IL1B (interleukin), LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor). Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion were significantly enriched. CONCLUSIONS A2M and its interactive proteins, such as IL1B, LRP1 and PDGF may be candidate target molecules to monitor, diagnose and treat metastatic OS. The response to hormone stimulus, MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion may play important roles in metastatic OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China E-mail :
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43
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Hattinger CM, Fanelli M, Tavanti E, Vella S, Ferrari S, Picci P, Serra M. Advances in emerging drugs for osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:495-514. [PMID: 26021401 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1051965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor, is currently treated with pre- and postoperative chemotherapy in association with the surgical removal of the tumor. Conventional treatments allow to cure about 60 - 65% of patients with primary tumors and only 20 - 25% of patients with recurrent disease. New treatment approaches and drugs are therefore highly warranted to improve prognosis. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the therapeutic approaches that are under development or clinical evaluation in OS. Information was obtained from different and continuously updated data bases, as well as from literature searches, in which particular relevance was given to reports and reviews on new targeted therapies under clinical investigation in high-grade OS. EXPERT OPINION OS is a heterogeneous tumor, with a great variability in treatment response between patients. It is therefore unlikely that a single therapeutic tool will be uniformly successful for all OS patients. This claims for the validation of new treatment approaches together with biologic/(pharmaco)genetic markers, which may select the most appropriate subgroup of patients for each treatment approach. Since some promising novel agents and treatment strategies are currently tested in Phase I/II/III clinical trials, we may hope that new therapies with superior efficacy and safety profiles will be identified in the next few years.
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Mongre RK, Sodhi SS, Ghosh M, Kim JH, Kim N, Sharma N, Jeong DK. A New Paradigm to Mitigate Osteosarcoma by Regulation of MicroRNAs and Suppression of the NF-κB Signaling Cascade. Dev Reprod 2015. [PMID: 25949190 PMCID: PMC4415640 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.4.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant primary bone tumors and
NF-κB appears to play a causative role, but the mechanisms are poorly
understood. OS is one of the pleomorphic, highly metastasized and invasive
neoplasm which is capable to generate osteoid, osteoclast and osteoblast matrix.
Its high incidence has been reported in adolescent and children. Cell signal
cascade is the pivotal functional mechanism acquired during the differentiation,
proliferation, growth and survival of the cells in neoplasm including OS. The
major limitation to the success of chemotherapy in OS is the development of
multidrug resistance (MDR). Answers to all such queries might come from the
knock-in experiments in which the combined approach of miRNAs with NF-κB
pathway is put into use. Abnormal miRNAs can modulate several epigenetical
switching as a hallmark of number of diseases via different cell signaling.
Studies on miRNAs have opened up the new avenues for both the diagnosis and
treatment of cancers including OS. Collectively, through the present study an
attempt has been made to establish a new systematic approach for the
investigation of microRNAs, biophysiological factors and their target pairs with
NF-κB to ameliorate oncogenesis with the “bridge between miRNAs
and NF-κB”. The application of NF-κB inhibitors in
combination with miRNAs is expected to result in a more efficient killing of the
cancer stem cells and a slower or less likely recurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Mongre
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Simrinder Singh Sodhi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandevrepy, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, India
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Poos K, Smida J, Maugg D, Eckstein G, Baumhoer D, Nathrath M, Korsching E. Genomic heterogeneity of osteosarcoma - shift from single candidates to functional modules. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123082. [PMID: 25848766 PMCID: PMC4388529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a bone tumor, exhibit a complex karyotype. On the genomic level a highly variable degree of alterations in nearly all chromosomal regions and between individual tumors is observable. This hampers the identification of common drivers in OS biology. To identify the common molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of OS, we follow the hypothesis that all the copy number-associated differences between the patients are intercepted on the level of the functional modules. The implementation is based on a network approach utilizing copy number associated genes in OS, paired expression data and protein interaction data. The resulting functional modules of tightly connected genes were interpreted regarding their biological functions in OS and their potential prognostic significance. We identified an osteosarcoma network assembling well-known and lesser-known candidates. The derived network shows a significant connectivity and modularity suggesting that the genes affected by the heterogeneous genetic alterations share the same biological context. The network modules participate in several critical aspects of cancer biology like DNA damage response, cell growth, and cell motility which is in line with the hypothesis of specifically deregulated but functional modules in cancer. Further, we could deduce genes with possible prognostic significance in OS for further investigation (e.g. EZR, CDKN2A, MAP3K5). Several of those module genes were located on chromosome 6q. The given systems biological approach provides evidence that heterogeneity on the genomic and expression level is ordered by the biological system on the level of the functional modules. Different genomic aberrations are pointing to the same cellular network vicinity to form vital, but already neoplastically altered, functional modules maintaining OS. This observation, exemplarily now shown for OS, has been under discussion already for a longer time, but often in a hypothetical manner, and can here be exemplified for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Poos
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Smida
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Maugg
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gertrud Eckstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Fritzsching B, Fellenberg J, Moskovszky L, Sápi Z, Krenacs T, Machado I, Poeschl J, Lehner B, Szendrõi M, Bosch AL, Bernd L, Csóka M, Mechtersheimer G, Ewerbeck V, Kinscherf R, Kunz P. CD8 +/FOXP3 +-ratio in osteosarcoma microenvironment separates survivors from non-survivors: a multicenter validated retrospective study. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e990800. [PMID: 25949908 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.990800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor characterized by juvenile onset, tumor heterogeneity, and early pulmonary metastasis. Therapeutic improvement stagnates since more than two decades. Unlike major malignancies, biomarkers as prognostic factors at time of diagnosis are missing. Disease rareness hampers study recruitment of patient numbers sufficient to outweigh tumor heterogeneity. Here, we analyzed in a multicenter cohort the osteosarcoma microenvironment to reduce effects of tumor cell heterogeneity. We hypothesized that quantitative ratios of intratumoral CD8+T-cells to FOXP3+T-cells (CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios) provide strong prognostic information when analyzed by whole-slide imaging in diagnostic biopsies. We followed recommendations-for-tumor-marker-prognostic-studies (REMARK). From 150 included cases, patients with complete treatment were identified and assigned to the discovery (diagnosis before 2004) or the validation cohort (diagnosis 2004-2012). Highly standardized immunohistochemistry of CD8+ and FOXP3+, which was validated by methylation-specific gene analysis, was performed followed by whole-slide analysis and clinical outcome correlations. We observed improved estimated survival in patients with CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios above the median (3.08) compared to patients with lower CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios (p = 0.000001). No patients with a CD8+/FOXP3+-ratio above the third quartile died within the observation period (median follow-up 69 mo). Multivariate analysis demonstrated independence from current prognostic factors including metastasis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data from an independent validation cohort confirmed improved survival (p = 0.001) in patients with CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios above 3.08. Multivariate analysis proofed that this observation was also independent from prognostic factors at diagnosis within the validation cohort. Intratumoral CD8+/FOXP3+-ratio in pretreatment biopsies separates patients with prolonged survival from non-survivors in osteosarcoma.
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Key Words
- CD8+ T cells
- CD8/FOXP3-ratio
- CONSORT, consolidated standard of reporting trials
- COSS, Cooperative German–Austrian–Swiss Osteosarcoma Study Group
- EORTC, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer
- FFPE, formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded
- IDO, Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase
- MAP, methotrexate-cisplatin-doxorubicin
- PD-L1, Programmed-death-Ligand-1
- REMARK, reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- TNFα, tumornecrosis factor-α
- TNM-I, tumor, nodes, metastases-immuno
- Treg, regulatory Tcell.
- immunoscore
- osteosarcoma
- regulatory T cells
- tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fritzsching
- Department of Translational Pulmonology; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC); Member of the German Center for Lung; University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Divison of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology; Immunology and Pulmonology; University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Fellenberg
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Moskovszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Sápi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Isidro Machado
- Pathology Department; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Johannes Poeschl
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Lehner
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miklos Szendrõi
- Department of Orthopedics; Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ludger Bernd
- Center for Orthopedics and Traumatology; Hospital Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Monika Csóka
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics; Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gunhild Mechtersheimer
- Department of General Pathology; Institute of Pathology; University Hospital Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Volker Ewerbeck
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Department of Medical Cell Biology; University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Kunz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Rosenblum JM, Wijetunga NA, Fazzari MJ, Krailo M, Barkauskas DA, Gorlick R, Greally JM. Predictive properties of DNA methylation patterns in primary tumor samples for osteosarcoma relapse status. Epigenetics 2015; 10:31-9. [PMID: 25531418 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.989084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children. Validated biological markers for disease prognosis available at diagnosis are lacking. No genome-wide DNA methylation studies linked to clinical outcomes have been reported in osteosarcoma to the best of our knowledge. To address this, we tested the methylome at over 1.1 million loci in 15 osteosarcoma biopsy samples obtained prior to the initiation of therapy and correlated these molecular data with disease outcomes. At more than 17% of the tested loci, samples obtained from patients who experienced disease relapse were more methylated than those from patients who did not have recurrence while patients who did not experience disease relapse had more DNA methylation at fewer than 1%. In samples from patients who went on to have recurrent disease, increased DNA methylation was found at gene bodies, intergenic regions and empirically-annotated candidate enhancers, whereas candidate gene promoters were unusual for a more balanced distribution of increased and decreased DNA methylation with 6.6% of gene promoter loci being more methylated and 2% of promoter loci being less methylated in patients with disease relapse. A locus at the TLR4 gene demonstrates one of strongest associations between DNA methylation and 5 y event-free survival (P-value = 1.7 × 10(-6)), with empirical annotation of this locus showing promoter characteristics. Our data indicate that DNA methylation information has the potential to be predictive of outcome in pediatric osteosarcoma, and that both promoters and non-promoter loci are potentially informative in DNA methylation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Rosenblum
- a Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine ; Bronx , NY USA
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48
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Mongre RK, Sodhi SS, Ghosh M, Kim JH, Kim N, Sharma N, Jeong DK. A New Paradigm to Mitigate Osteosarcoma by Regulation of MicroRNAs and Suppression of the NF-κB Signaling Cascade. Dev Reprod 2014; 18:197-212. [PMID: 25949190 PMCID: PMC4415640 DOI: 10.12717/devrep.2014.18.4.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant primary bone tumors and NF-κB appears to play a causative role, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. OS is one of the pleomorphic, highly metastasized and invasive neoplasm which is capable to generate osteoid, osteoclast and osteoblast matrix. Its high incidence has been reported in adolescent and childevrepen. Cell signal cascade is the pivotal functional mechanism acquired during the differentiation, proliferation, growth and survival of the cells in neoplasm including OS. The major limitation to the success of chemotherapy in OS is the development of multidevrepug resistance (Mdevrep). Answers to all such queries might come from the knock-in experiments in which the combined approach of miRNAs with NF-κB pathway is put into use. Abnormal miRNAs can modulate several epigenetical switching as a hallmark of number of diseases via different cell signaling. Studies on miRNAs have opened up the new avenues for both the diagnosis and treatment of cancers including OS. Collectively, through the present study an attempt has been made to establish a new systematic approach for the investigation of microRNAs, biophysiological factors and their target pairs with NF-κB to ameliorate oncogenesis with the "bridge between miRNAs and NF-κB". The application of NF-κB inhibitors in combination with miRNAs is expected to result in a more efficient killing of the cancer stem cells and a slower or less likely recurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Mongre
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of
Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju
690-756, Korea
| | - Simrinder Singh Sodhi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of
Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju
690-756, Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of
Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju
690-756, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of
Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju
690-756, Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of
Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju
690-756, Korea
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science &
Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &
Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, India
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of
Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju
690-756, Korea
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Abstract
Osteosarcomas are rare with an estimated incidence of 5-6 cases per one million inhabitants per year. As the prognosis has not improved significantly over the last 30 years and more than 30 % of patients still die of the disease a better understanding of the molecular tumorigenesis is urgently needed to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets. Using genome-wide SNP chip analyses we were able to detect a genetic signature enabling a prognostic prediction of patients already at the time of initial diagnosis. Furthermore, we found the microRNA cluster 17-92 to be constitutively overexpressed in osteosarcomas. The microRNAs included here are intermingled in a complex network of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors that have been described to be deregulated in osteosarcomas. Therefore, the microRNA cluster 17-92 could represent a central regulator in the development of osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baumhoer
- Knochentumor-Referenzzentrum am Institut für Pathologie , Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz,
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Rosemann M, Gonzalez-Vasconcellos I, Domke T, Kuosaite V, Schneider R, Kremer M, Favor J, Nathrath M, Atkinson MJ. A Rb1 promoter variant with reduced activity contributes to osteosarcoma susceptibility in irradiated mice. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:182. [PMID: 25092376 PMCID: PMC4237942 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndromic forms of osteosarcoma (OS) account for less than 10% of all recorded cases of this malignancy. An individual OS predisposition is also possible by the inheritance of low penetrance alleles of tumor susceptibility genes, usually without evidence of a syndromic condition. Genetic variants involved in such a non-syndromic form of tumor predisposition are difficult to identify, given the low incidence of osteosarcoma cases and the genetic heterogeneity of patients. We recently mapped a major OS susceptibility QTL to mouse chromosome 14 by comparing alpha-radiation induced osteosarcoma in mouse strains which differ in their tumor susceptibility. METHODS Tumor-specific allelic losses in murine osteosacoma were mapped along chromosome 14 using microsatellite markers and SNP allelotyping. Candidate gene search in the mapped interval was refined using PosMed data mining and mRNA expression analysis in normal osteoblasts. A strain-specific promoter variant in Rb1 was tested for its influence on mRNA expression using reporter assay. RESULTS A common Rb1 allele derived from the BALB/cHeNhg strain was identified as the major determinant of radiation-induced OS risk at this locus. Increased OS-risk is linked with a hexanucleotide deletion in the promoter region which is predicted to change WT1 and SP1 transcription factor-binding sites. Both in-vitro reporter and in-vivo expression assays confirmed an approx. 1.5 fold reduced gene expression by this promoter variant. Concordantly, the 50% reduction in Rb1 expression in mice bearing a conditional hemizygous Rb1 deletion causes a significant rise of OS incidence following alpha-irradiation. CONCLUSION This is the first experimental demonstration of a functional and genetic link between reduced Rb1 expression from a common promoter variant and increased tumor risk after radiation exposure. We propose that a reduced Rb1 expression by common variants in regulatory regions can modify the risk for a malignant transformation of bone cells after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz-Center Munich, National Research Centre for Health and Environment, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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