1
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Liu Y, Yin S, Lu G, Du Y. The intersection of the nervous system and breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217132. [PMID: 39059572 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents a paradigm of heterogeneity, manifesting as a spectrum of molecular subtypes with divergent clinical trajectories. It is fundamentally characterized by the aberrant proliferation of malignant cells within breast tissue, a process modulated by a myriad of factors that govern its progression. Recent endeavors outline the interplay between BC and the nervous system, illuminate the complex symbiosis between neural structures and neoplastic cells, and elucidate nerve dependence as a cornerstone of BC progression. This includes the neural modulations on immune response, neurovascular formation, and multisystem interactions. Such insights have unveiled the critical impact of neural elements on tumor dynamics and patient prognosis. This revelation beckons a deeper exploration into the neuro-oncological interface, potentially unlocking novel therapeutic vistas. This review endeavors to delineate the intricate mechanisms between the nervous system and BC, aiming to accentuate the implications and therapeutic strategies of this intersection for tumor evolution and the formulation of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shiqi Yin
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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2
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Cacciola NA, Cuciniello R, Petillo GD, Piccioni M, Filosa S, Crispi S. An Overview of the Enhanced Effects of Curcumin and Chemotherapeutic Agents in Combined Cancer Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12587. [PMID: 37628772 PMCID: PMC10454892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the progressive ageing of the human population, the number of cancer cases is increasing. For this reason, there is an urgent need for new treatments that can prolong the lives of cancer patients or ensure them a good quality of life. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of cancer in recent years and the survival rate of patients is increasing, limitations in the use of conventional therapies include the frequent occurrence of side effects and the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These limitations are prompting researchers to investigate whether combining natural agents with conventional drugs could have a positive therapeutic effect in cancer treatment. Several natural bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, have been shown to be effective against cancer progression and do not exert toxic effects on healthy tissues. Many studies have investigated the possibility of combining polyphenols with conventional drugs as a novel anticancer strategy. Indeed, this combination often has synergistic benefits that increase drug efficacy and reduce adverse side effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies describing the synergistic effects of curcumin, a polyphenol that has been shown to have extensive cytotoxic functions against cancer cells, including combined treatment. In particular, we have described the results of recent preclinical and clinical studies exploring the pleiotropic effects of curcumin in combination with standard drugs and the potential to consider it as a promising new tool for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Antonio Cacciola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy;
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), UOS Naples-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Cuciniello
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (M.P.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Piccioni
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Filosa
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (M.P.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Isernia, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (M.P.)
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3
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Nguyen TM, Ngoc DTM, Choi JH, Lee CH. Unveiling the Neural Environment in Cancer: Exploring the Role of Neural Circuit Players and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:1996. [PMID: 37566075 PMCID: PMC10417274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the immune environment within the tumor microenvironment has provided new opportunities for cancer treatment. However, an important microenvironment surrounding cancer that is often overlooked despite its significance in cancer progression is the neural environment surrounding the tumor. The release of neurotrophic factors from cancer cells is implicated in cancer growth and metastasis by facilitating the infiltration of nerve cells into the tumor microenvironment. This nerve-tumor interplay can elicit cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to neurotransmitters. Moreover, it is possible that cancer cells could establish a network resembling that of neurons, allowing them to communicate with one another through neurotransmitters. The expression levels of players in the neural circuits of cancers could serve as potential biomarkers for cancer aggressiveness. Notably, the upregulation of certain players in the neural circuit has been linked to poor prognosis in specific cancer types such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell carcinoma, and stomach cancer. Targeting these players with inhibitors holds great potential for reducing the morbidity and mortality of these carcinomas. However, the efficacy of anti-neurogenic agents in cancer therapy remains underexplored, and further research is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness as a novel approach for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of players in the neural circuits of cancers and the potential of anti-neurogenic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (T.M.N.); (D.T.M.N.)
| | - Dinh Thi Minh Ngoc
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (T.M.N.); (D.T.M.N.)
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (T.M.N.); (D.T.M.N.)
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4
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Pourzand P, Tabasi F, Fayazbakhsh F, Sarhadi S, Bahari G, Mohammadi M, Jomepour S, Nafeli M, Mosayebi F, Heravi M, Taheri M, Hashemi M, Ghavami S. The Reticulon-4 3-bp Deletion/Insertion Polymorphism Is Associated with Structural mRNA Changes and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study with Bioinformatics Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1549. [PMID: 37511924 PMCID: PMC10381770 DOI: 10.3390/life13071549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease caused by molecular events that disrupt cellular survival and death. Discovering novel biomarkers is still required to better understand and treat BC. The reticulon-4 (RTN4) gene, encoding Nogo proteins, plays a critical role in apoptosis and cancer development, with genetic variations affecting its function. We investigated the rs34917480 in RTN4 and its association with BC risk in an Iranian population sample. We also predicted the rs34917480 effect on RTN4 mRNA structure and explored the RTN4's protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and related pathways. In this case-control study, 437 women (212 BC and 225 healthy) were recruited. The rs34917480 was genotyped using AS-PCR, mRNA secondary structure was predicted with RNAfold, and PPIN was constructed using the STRING database. Our findings revealed that this variant was associated with a decreased risk of BC in heterozygous (p = 0.012), dominant (p = 0.015), over-dominant (p = 0.017), and allelic (p = 0.035) models. Our prediction model showed that this variant could modify RTN4's mRNA thermodynamics and potentially its translation. RTN4's PPIN also revealed a strong association with apoptosis regulation and key signaling pathways highly implicated in BC. Consequently, our findings, for the first time, demonstrate that rs34917480 could be a protective factor against BC in our cohort, probably via preceding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Pourzand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Fariba Fayazbakhsh
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Shamim Sarhadi
- Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Sahar Jomepour
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas 7916613885, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nafeli
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosayebi
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Heravi
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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5
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Bragina EY, Gomboeva DE, Saik OV, Ivanisenko VA, Freidin MB, Nazarenko MS, Puzyrev VP. Apoptosis Genes as a Key to Identification of Inverse Comorbidity of Huntington's Disease and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119385. [PMID: 37298337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and neurodegenerative disorders present overwhelming challenges for healthcare worldwide. Epidemiological studies showed a decrease in cancer rates in patients with neurodegenerative disorders, including the Huntington disease (HD). Apoptosis is one of the most important processes for both cancer and neurodegeneration. We suggest that genes closely connected with apoptosis and associated with HD may affect carcinogenesis. We applied reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with HD and apoptosis and identified potentially important genes for inverse comorbidity of cancer and HD. The top 10 high-priority candidate genes included APOE, PSEN1, INS, IL6, SQSTM1, SP1, HTT, LEP, HSPA4, and BDNF. Functional analysis of these genes was carried out using gene ontology and KEGG pathways. By exploring genome-wide association study results, we identified genes associated with neurodegenerative and oncological disorders, as well as their endophenotypes and risk factors. We used publicly available datasets of HD and breast and prostate cancers to analyze the expression of the identified genes. Functional modules of these genes were characterized according to disease-specific tissues. This integrative approach revealed that these genes predominantly exert similar functions in different tissues. Apoptosis along with lipid metabolism dysregulation and cell homeostasis maintenance in the response to environmental stimulus and drugs are likely key processes in inverse comorbidity of cancer in patients with HD. Overall, the identified genes represent the promising targets for studying molecular relations of cancer and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Bragina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Densema E Gomboeva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Saik
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre of Omics Technology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valery P Puzyrev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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6
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Restaino AC, Walz A, Vermeer SJ, Barr J, Kovács A, Fettig RR, Vermeer DW, Reavis H, Williamson CS, Lucido CT, Eichwald T, Omran DK, Jung E, Schwartz LE, Bell M, Muirhead DM, Hooper JE, Spanos WC, Drapkin R, Talbot S, Vermeer PD. Functional neuronal circuits promote disease progression in cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4443. [PMID: 37163587 PMCID: PMC10171812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and functional contributions of intratumoral nerves to disease remain largely unknown. We localized synaptic markers within tumors suggesting that these nerves form functional connections. Consistent with this, electrophysiological analysis shows that malignancies harbor significantly higher electrical activity than benign disease or normal tissues. We also demonstrate pharmacologic silencing of tumoral electrical activity. Tumors implanted in transgenic animals lacking nociceptor neurons show reduced electrical activity. These data suggest that intratumoral nerves remain functional at the tumor bed. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrates the presence of the neuropeptide, Substance P (SP), within the tumor space. We show that tumor cells express the SP receptor, NK1R, and that ligand/receptor engagement promotes cellular proliferation and migration. Our findings identify a mechanism whereby intratumoral nerves promote cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Restaino
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Austin Walz
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Barr
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Attila Kovács
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Robin R. Fettig
- Basic Biomedical Sciences Program, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Daniel W. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Hunter Reavis
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Tuany Eichwald
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Solna, Sweden
- Queen’s University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalia K. Omran
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Euihye Jung
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Bell
- Sanford Gynecologic Oncology, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jody E. Hooper
- Legacy Gift Rapid Autopsy Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William C. Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Sanford Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Solna, Sweden
- Queen’s University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola D. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
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7
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Abstract
The recently uncovered key role of the peripheral and central nervous systems in controlling tumorigenesis and metastasis has opened a new area of research to identify innovative approaches against cancer. Although the 'neural addiction' of cancer is only partially understood, in this Perspective we discuss the current knowledge and perspectives on peripheral and central nerve circuitries and brain areas that can support tumorigenesis and metastasis and the possible reciprocal influence that the brain and peripheral tumours exert on one another. Tumours can build up local autonomic and sensory nerve networks and are able to develop a long-distance relationship with the brain through circulating adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors or afferent nerve inputs, to promote cancer initiation, growth and dissemination. In turn, the central nervous system can affect tumour development and metastasis through the activation or dysregulation of specific central neural areas or circuits, as well as neuroendocrine, neuroimmune or neurovascular systems. Studying neural circuitries in the brain and tumours, as well as understanding how the brain communicates with the tumour or how intratumour nerves interplay with the tumour microenvironment, can reveal unrecognized mechanisms that promote cancer development and progression and open up opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting the dysregulated peripheral and central nervous systems might represent a novel strategy for next-generation cancer treatment that could, in part, be achieved through the repurposing of neuropsychiatric drugs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Magnon
- Laboratory of Cancer and Microenvironment-National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Institute of Biology François Jacob-Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), University of Paris Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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8
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Yu Q, Wang Y, Yi G, Yang W, Chen K, Tan X, Zhang X, Xu Z, Yang Z, Peng Y. BDNF is a prognostic biomarker involved in immune infiltration of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with brain metastasis. Immunology 2023; 168:320-330. [PMID: 36151890 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Brain metastases are a common complication of a wide range of human malignancies, particularly lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, has been linked to several human malignancies and has been shown to promote LUAD tumorigenesis. However, its function in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) remains largely unexplored, especially in complex brain tissue environments. In this study, BDNF was found to be particularly increased in patients with advanced tumour stage, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis, indicating a correlation with LUAD progression. We characterized the prognostic value of BDNF and defined BDNF as an unfavourable prognostic indicator through a common driver gene-independent mechanism in LUAD. Furthermore, patients with increased BDNF levels in primary LUAD might have a higher risk of developing brain metastasis (BM), and central nervous system (CNS) metastasis showed an elevated expression of BDNF compared to their matched primary lesions. Additionally, we investigated the interaction between BDNF and infiltrating immune cells in both primary lesions and paired BM using multiplex immunostaining. The results showed that BDNF might drive an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) by re-education of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype, particularly in BM. Our findings demonstrate that BDNF serves as an independent potential prognostic marker and correlates with BM in LUAD. As it is closely related to TAM polarization, BDNF may be a promising immune-related biomarker and molecular target in patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangming Yi
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehong Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangwu Tan
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Tang YF, An PG, Gu BX, Yi S, Hu X, Wu WJ, Zhang J. Transcriptomic insights into adenoid cystic carcinoma via RNA sequencing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1144945. [PMID: 37152992 PMCID: PMC10160386 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1144945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) at the transcriptome level. Materials and methods: We obtained paired tumor and normal salivary gland tissues from 15 ACC patients, which were prepared for RNA sequencing. Results: Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated pathways were mainly involved in axonogenesis, and the downregulated pathways were mainly related to leukocyte migration, the adaptive immune response, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and the humoral immune response. T-cells, B-cells and NK cells showed low infiltration in ACC tissues. In addition to the gene fusions MYB-NFIB and MYBL1-NFIB, a new gene fusion, TVP23C-CDRT4, was also detected in 3 ACC tissues. PRAME was significantly upregulated in ACC tissues, while antigen-presenting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes were downregulated. Conclusion: We found a new gene fusion, TVP23C-CDRT4, that was highly expressed in ACC. PRAME may be an attractive target for ACC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital (the Second Affiliated Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pu-Gen An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Xin Gu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Jie Wu, ; Jie Zhang,
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Jie Wu, ; Jie Zhang,
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10
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Liu BP, Zhang C, Zhang YP, Li KW, Song C. The combination of chronic stress and smoke exacerbated depression-like changes and lung cancer factor expression in A/J mice: Involve inflammation and BDNF dysfunction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277945. [PMID: 36417428 PMCID: PMC9683596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is positively correlated with the high incidence and low survival rate of cancers, while more cancer patients suffer depression. However, the interaction between depression and cancer, and possible underline mechanisms are unclear. METHODS Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to induce depression, and smoke to induce lung cancer in lung cancer vulnerable AJ mice. After 8 weeks, sucrose preference and forced swimming behaviors were tested. Blood corticosterone concentration, and levels of cytokines, lung cancer-related factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and apoptosis-related factors in the lung, amygdala and hippocampus were measured. RESULTS Compared to control group, CUMS or smoke decreased sucrose consumption and increased immobility time, which were deteriorated by stress+smoke. CUMS, smoke or both combination decreased mononuclear viability and lung TNF-α concentration, increased serum corticosterone and lung interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and HSP-90α concentrations. Furthermore, stress+smoke caused more increase in corticosterone and IL-10, but decreased TNF-α. In parallel, in the lung, Bcl-2/Bax and lung cancer-related factors CDK1, CDC20, P38α etc were significantly increased in stress+smoke group. Moreover, CUMS decreased BDNF, while CUMS or smoke increased TrkB and P75 concentrations, which were exacerbated by stress+smoke. In the amygdala, except for CUMS largely increased Bax/Bcl-2 and decreased TrkB, each single factor decreased BDNF and IL-10, but increased P75, IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α concentrations. Changes in Bax/Bcl-2, IL-10 and TNF-α were further aggravated by the combination. In the hippocampus, except for CUMS largely increased P75 concentration, each single factor significantly increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, IL-1β and TNF-α, but decreased BDNF, TrkB and IL-10 concentrations. Changes in Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, IL-10 and TNF-α were further aggravated by the combination. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a synergy between CUMS and smoke exposure could promote the development of depression and lung cancer, through CUMS increased the risk of cancer occurrence, and conversely lung cancer inducer smoke exposure deteriorated depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ping Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kang-Wei Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the family of neurotrophic factors that can potentially increase cancer cell growth, survival, proliferation, anoikis, and migration by tyrosine kinase receptors TrkB and the p75NTR death receptor. The activation of BDNF/TrkB pathways leads to several downstream signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Jak/STAT, PLCγ, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK, NF-kB, and transactivation of EGFR. The current review aimed to provide an overview of the role of BDNF and its signaling in cancer. METHODS We searched a major medical database, PubMed, to identify eligible studies for a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Pathological examinations demonstrate BDNF overexpression in human cancer, notably involving the prostate, lung, breast, and underlying tissues, associated with a higher death rate and poor prognosis. Therefore, measurement of BDNF, either for identifying the disease or predicting response to therapy, can be helpful in cancer patients. Expression profiling studies have recognized the role of microRNAs (miR) in modulating BDNF/TrkB pathways, such as miR-101, miR-107, miR-134, miR-147, miR-191, miR-200a/c, miR-204, miR-206, miR-210, miR-214, miR-382, miR-496, miR-497, miR-744, and miR-10a-5p, providing a potential biological mechanism by which targeted therapies may correlate with decreased BDNF expression in cancers. Clinical studies investigating the use of agents targeting BDNF receptors and related signaling pathways and interfering with the related oncogenic effect, including Entrectinib, Larotrectinib, Cabozantinib, Repotrectinib, Lestaurtinib, and Selitrectinib, are in progress. CONCLUSION The aberrant signaling of BDNF is implicated in various cancers. Well-designed clinical trials are needed to clarify the BDNF role in cancer progression and target it as a therapeutic method.
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Mehterov N, Minchev D, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Interactions Among Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuroimmune Pathways Are Key Components of the Major Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4926-4952. [PMID: 35657457 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the reciprocal associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and immune-inflammatory pathways and how these links may explain the involvement of this neurotrophin in the immune pathophysiology of mood disorders and schizophrenia. Toward this end, we delineated the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network centered around BDNF and searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for papers dealing with the involvement of BDNF in the major psychosis, neurodevelopment, neuronal functions, and immune-inflammatory and related pathways. The PPI network was built based on the significant interactions of BDNF with neurotrophic (NTRK2, NTF4, and NGFR), immune (cytokines, STAT3, TRAF6), and cell-cell junction (CTNNB, CDH1) DEPs (differentially expressed proteins). Enrichment analysis shows that the most significant terms associated with this PPI network are the tyrosine kinase receptor (TRKR) and Src homology region two domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) pathways, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways, positive regulation of kinase and transferase activity, cytokine signaling, and negative regulation of the immune response. The participation of BDNF in the immune response and its interactions with neuroprotective and cell-cell adhesion DEPs is probably a conserved regulatory process which protects against the many detrimental effects of immune activation and hyperinflammation including neurotoxicity. Lowered BDNF levels in mood disorders and schizophrenia (a) are associated with disruptions in neurotrophic signaling and activated immune-inflammatory pathways leading to neurotoxicity and (b) may interact with the reduced expression of other DEPs (CTNNB1, CDH1, or DISC1) leading to multiple aberrations in synapse and axonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Bortolin A, Neto E, Lamghari M. Calcium Signalling in Breast Cancer Associated Bone Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031902. [PMID: 35163823 PMCID: PMC8836937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is involved as a signalling mediator in a broad variety of physiological processes. Some of the fastest responses in human body like neuronal action potential firing, to the slowest gene transcriptional regulation processes are controlled by pathways involving calcium signalling. Under pathological conditions these mechanisms are also involved in tumoral cells reprogramming, resulting in the altered expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, metastatisation and homing to the secondary metastatic site. On the other hand, calcium exerts a central function in nociception, from cues sensing in distal neurons, to signal modulation and interpretation in the central nervous system leading, in pathological conditions, to hyperalgesia, allodynia and pain chronicization. It is well known the relationship between cancer and pain when tumoral metastatic cells settle in the bones, especially in late breast cancer stage, where they alter the bone micro-environment leading to bone lesions and resulting in pain refractory to the conventional analgesic therapies. The purpose of this review is to address the Ca2+ signalling mechanisms involved in cancer cell metastatisation as well as the function of the same signalling tools in pain regulation and transmission. Finally, the possible interactions between these two cells types cohabiting the same Ca2+ rich environment will be further explored attempting to highlight new possible therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bortolin
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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14
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Tumor innervation is triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncogene 2022; 41:586-599. [PMID: 34785777 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nerve infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is emerging as a promoter of cancer progression that could be targeted in therapies, but the mechanisms initiating tumor innervation remain to be elucidated. Here we report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer cells is transmitted to neuronal cells, resulting in neurite outgrowth and tumor innervation. In vitro, the induction of ER stress in various human cancer cells resulted in the synthesis and release of the precursor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) through a mechanism dependent on the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Cancer cell-released proBDNF was found to mediate the transmission of ER stress to neurons, resulting in the stimulation of neurite outgrowth. Next-generation sequencing indicated the increased expression of the Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3 (EGLN3) that was mediated by c-MYC and necessary to neurite outgrowth induced by proBDNF. In orthotopic tumor xenograft, ER stress stimulated XBP1 and proBDNF expression as well as tumor innervation. Anti-proBDNF antibody inhibited both tumor innervation and cancer progression induced by ER stress. Interestingly, the chemotherapeutic drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was found to induce ER stress and tumor innervation, and this effect was inhibited by anti-proBDNF antibody. Finally, in human tumors, cancer tissues with nerve infiltration expressed high XBP1 and proBDNF while EGLN3 was upregulated in infiltrated nerves. This study reveals that ER stress participates in tumor innervation through the release of proBDNF and that targeting this pathway could be used in future therapies.
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15
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Hondermarck H, Huang PS, Wagner JA. The nervous system: Orchestra conductor in cancer, regeneration, inflammation and immunity. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:944-952. [PMID: 34761176 PMCID: PMC8565231 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of nerves in stimulating cellular growth and dissemination has long been described in tissue regeneration studies, until recently a similar trophic role of nerves in disease was not well recognized. However, recent studies in oncology have demonstrated that the growth and dissemination of cancers also requires the infiltration of nerves in the tumor microenvironment. Nerves generate various neurosignaling pathways, which orchestrate cancer initiation, progression, and metastases. Similarly, nerves are increasingly implicated for their regulatory functions in immunity and inflammation. This orchestrator role of nerves in cellular and molecular interactions during regeneration, cancer, immunity, and inflammation offers new possibilities for targeting or enhancing neurosignaling in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyHunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
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16
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Xu L, Zhang M, Shi L, Yang X, Chen L, Cao N, Lei A, Cao Y. Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:21. [PMID: 33468253 PMCID: PMC7814647 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown. Results We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. By contrast, loss of neural stemness via differentiation results in the loss of tumorigenicity. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells. Conclusions We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Min Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Lihua Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Lu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ning Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ying Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, and Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China.
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Han H, Yang C, Zhang Y, Han C, Zhang G. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates the Sprouted Axonogenesis of Breast Cancer in Rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:515-526. [PMID: 33345997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nerve infiltration into the tumor is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms of axonogenesis in breast cancer remain unclear. We hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as nerve growth factor (NGF), is involved in the axonogenesis of breast cancer. A N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat model of breast cancer was used to explore the presence of axonogenesis in breast tumor and the involvement of VEGF, as well as NGF, in the axonogenesis of breast tumor. Nerve infiltration into the tumor was found in MNU-induced rat model of breast cancer including the sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers. Nerve density was increased following the growth of tumor. The sensory neurons innervating the thoracic and abdominal mammary tumors peaked at T5 to T6 and L1 to L2 dorsal root ganglions, respectively. Either VEGF receptor inhibitor or antibody against VEGF receptor 2, as well as NGF receptor inhibitor, apparently decreased both the nerve density and vascular density of breast tumor. The reduced nerve density was correlated with the decreased vascular density induced by these treatments. In cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 inhibitors significantly attenuated VEGF-induced neurite elongation. These findings provide direct evidence that VEGF, as well as NGF, may control the axonogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Han
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shangha, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Hunt PJ, Kabotyanski KE, Calin GA, Xie T, Myers JN, Amit M. Interrupting Neuron-Tumor Interactions to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3741. [PMID: 33322770 PMCID: PMC7762969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the tumor microenvironment release neurotransmitters, neuroligins, chemokines, soluble growth factors, and membrane-bound growth factors that solid tumors leverage to drive their own survival and spread. Tumors express nerve-specific growth factors and microRNAs that support local neurons and guide neuronal growth into tumors. The development of feed-forward relationships between tumors and neurons allows tumors to use the perineural space as a sanctuary from therapy. Tumor denervation slows tumor growth in animal models, demonstrating the innervation dependence of growing tumors. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments have identified many of the secreted signaling molecules (e.g., acetylcholine, nerve growth factor) that are passed between neurons and cancer cells, as well as the major signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK/EGFR) involved in these trophic interactions. The molecules involved in these signaling pathways serve as potential biomarkers of disease. Additionally, new treatment strategies focus on using small molecules, receptor agonists, nerve-specific toxins, and surgical interventions to target tumors, neurons, and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment, thereby severing the interactions between tumors and surrounding neurons. This article discusses the mechanisms underlying the trophic relationships formed between neurons and tumors and explores the emerging therapies stemming from this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Hunt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.J.H.); (K.E.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine E. Kabotyanski
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.J.H.); (K.E.K.)
| | - George A. Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (J.N.M.)
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TrkB-Targeted Therapy for Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120531. [PMID: 33255325 PMCID: PMC7759804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway was previously associated with key oncogenic outcomes in a number of adenocarcinomas. The aim of our study was to determine the role of this pathway in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Three MEC cell lines (UM-HMC-2, H253 and H292) were exposed to Cisplatin, the TrkB inhibitor, ANA-12 and a combination of these drugs. Ultrastructural changes were assessed through transmission electron microscopy; scratch and Transwell assays were used to assess migration and invasion; and a clonogenic assay and spheroid-forming assay allowed assessment of survival and percentage of cancer stem cells (CSC). Changes in cell ultrastructure demonstrated Cisplatin cytotoxicity, while the effects of ANA-12 were less pronounced. Both drugs, used individually and in combination, delayed MEC cell migration, invasion and survival. ANA-12 significantly reduced the number of CSC, but the Cisplatin effect was greater, almost eliminating this cell population in all MEC cell lines. Interestingly, the spheroid forming capacity recovered, following the combination therapy, as compared to Cisplatin alone. Our studies allowed us to conclude that the TrkB inhibition, efficiently impaired MEC cell migration, invasion and survival in vitro, however, the decrease in CSC number, following the combined treatment of ANA-12 and Cisplatin, was less than that seen with Cisplatin alone; this represents a limiting factor.
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Kondo Y, Hirabayashi K, Carreras J, Tsukinoki K, Ota Y, Okami K, Nakamura N. The significance of tyrosine kinase receptor B and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in salivary duct carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 50:151673. [PMID: 33248386 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade salivary gland neoplasm. It may occur de novo or secondarily from pleomorphic adenoma (ex-PA), with secondary development accounting for more than 50% of the cases. In recent years, the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), which is in the same family as HER2, has been confirmed in various types of carcinomas. However, there are a few studies on SDC. In order to examine the expression and role of TrkB in SDC, we investigated it. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TrkB and its ligands, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in 20 patients with SDC. The mRNA levels of TrkB, BDNF, and NT-4 were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. TrkB was negative in 10 cases and positive in 10 cases, BDNF was negative in 11 cases and positive in 9 cases, and NT-4 was positive in all cases. There was a high number of TrkB-positive cases in the pT4 group and The H-score of TrkB was also significantly higher in the stage III and IV groups. There was a high number of BDNF-positive cases in the ex-PA group and Histo-score of BDNF had a trend of high expression in ex-PA. There were no significant differences or correlations in mRNA expression. Our results suggest that TrkB may be involved in SDC tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Okami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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The neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (TrkA) is overexpressed in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2020; 53:470-477. [PMID: 33143904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors, the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (NTRK1/TrkA) and the common neurotrophin receptor (NGFR/p75NTR), are increasingly implicated in cancer progression, but their clinicopathological significance in oesophageal cancer is unclear. In this study, the expression of NGF, NTRK1 and NGFR were analysed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 303 oesophageal cancers versus 137 normal adjacent oesophageal tissues. Immunostaining was digitally quantified and compared to clinicopathological parameters. NGF and NGFR staining were found in epithelial cells and at similar levels between oesophageal cancers and normal oesophageal tissue. NGFR staining was slightly increased with grade (p=0.0389). Interestingly, NTRK1 staining was markedly higher in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.13-4.38, p<0.0001) and significantly lower in adenocarcinoma (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.44-0.63, p<0.0001) compared to normal oesophageal tissue. In addition, NTRK1 staining was decreased in grade 2 and grade 3 (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.21-1.40, p<0.0001) compared to grade 1, suggesting a preferential involvement of this receptor in the more differentiated forms of oesophageal carcinomas. Together, these data point to NTRK1 as a biomarker and a candidate therapeutic target in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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22
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Gasecka A, Siwik D, Gajewska M, Jaguszewski MJ, Mazurek T, Filipiak KJ, Postuła M, Eyileten C. Early Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders in Diabetes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2807. [PMID: 32872672 PMCID: PMC7564566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide. There is a strong association between DM and neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The first group mainly consists of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and stroke, whereas, the second group includes Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The aforementioned diseases have a common pathophysiological background including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and vascular injury. The increasing prevalence of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders among diabetic patients has resulted in an urgent need to develop biomarkers for their prediction and/or early detection. The aim of this review is to present the potential application of the most promising biomarkers of diabetes-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, including amylin, β-amyloid, C-reactive protein (CRP), dopamine, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β, homocysteine, microRNAs (mi-RNAs), paraoxonase 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, tau protein and various growth factors. The most clinically promising biomarkers of neurovascular and neurodegenerative complications in DM are hsCRP, GGT, homocysteine and miRNAs. However, all biomarkers discussed in this review could become a part of the potential multi-biomarker screening panel for diabetic patients at risk of neurovascular and neurodegenerative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gasecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Dominika Siwik
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Magdalena Gajewska
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | | | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Marek Postuła
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 80-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 80-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (C.E.)
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23
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Szudy-Szczyrek A, Mlak R, Bury-Kamińska M, Mielnik M, Podgajna M, Kuśmierczuk K, Mazurek M, Homa-Mlak I, Szczyrek M, Krawczyk J, Małecka-Massalska T, Hus M. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration predicts polyneuropathy and overall survival in multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:77-89. [PMID: 32567687 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein with a potent influence on several aspects of neuronal and blood vessel functions. However, its prognostic potential and functional role in multiple myeloma (MM) remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of BDNF on the risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and clinical outcome. Study group consisted of 91 newly-diagnosed MM patients treated with bortezomib and/or thalidomide-based chemotherapy. Detection of BDNF in serum was performed using ELISA. Polyneuropathy was assessed according to the CTCAE Criteria v5. We observed that BDNF concentration correlated with the severity of polyneuropathy (P = 0·0463). Higher BDNF values were noted in patients who responded to treatment (P = 0·0326), and BDNF proved to be a useful marker to predict lack of response after eight cycles of treatment (sensitivity - 100%, specificity - 61·5%, P = 0·0142). Moreover this marker showed significant diagnostic usefulness in diagnosis of CIPN (sensitivity - 76%, specificity - 71·43%; area under the curve (AUC)= 0·77, 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0·64-0·88; P < 0·0001). Low BDNF was an independent, unfavourable prognostic factor associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 2·79, P = 0·0470). In conclusion, BDNF level may play a prognostic role and constitute a useful biomarker in predicting CIPN in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bury-Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Mielnik
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Podgajna
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Kuśmierczuk
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Mazurek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Homa-Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szczyrek
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.,National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Marek Hus
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Cao T, Matyas JJ, Renn CL, Faden AI, Dorsey SG, Wu J. Function and Mechanisms of Truncated BDNF Receptor TrkB.T1 in Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051194. [PMID: 32403409 PMCID: PMC7290366 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major focus for regenerative therapeutics, has been lauded for its pro-survival characteristics and involvement in both development and recovery of function within the central nervous system (CNS). However, studies of tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), a major receptor for BDNF, indicate that certain effects of the TrkB receptor in response to disease or injury may be maladaptive. More specifically, imbalance among TrkB receptor isoforms appears to contribute to aberrant signaling and hyperpathic pain. A truncated isoform of the receptor, TrkB.T1, lacks the intracellular kinase domain of the full length receptor and is up-regulated in multiple CNS injury models. Such up-regulation is associated with hyperpathic pain, and TrkB.T1 inhibition reduces neuropathic pain in various experimental paradigms. Deletion of TrkB.T1 also limits astrocyte changes in vitro, including proliferation, migration, and activation. Mechanistically, TrkB.T1 is believed to act through release of intracellular calcium in astrocytes, as well as through interactions with neurotrophins, leading to cell cycle activation. Together, these studies support a potential role for astrocytic TrkB.T1 in hyperpathic pain and suggest that targeted strategies directed at this receptor may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoxin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.C.); (J.J.M.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Jessica J. Matyas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.C.); (J.J.M.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Cynthia L. Renn
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (C.L.R.); (S.G.D.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.C.); (J.J.M.); (A.I.F.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (C.L.R.); (S.G.D.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.C.); (J.J.M.); (A.I.F.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-5189
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25
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Rogez B, Pascal Q, Bobillier A, Machuron F, Toillon RA, Tierny D, Chopin V, Le Bourhis X. Expression and Prognostic Significance of Neurotrophins and Their Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:507-519. [PMID: 32351171 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data highlight the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in human breast cancer. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), both synthetized as proneurotrophins (proNGF and proBDNF). (pro)NGF and (pro)BDNF initiate their biological effects by binding to both their specific receptors TrkA and TrkB, respectively, and the common receptor p75NTR. Currently, no data are available about their expression and potential role in canine mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of proNGF and BDNF as well as their receptors TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR in canine mammary carcinomas, and to correlate them with clinicopathological parameters (grade, histological type, lymph node status, recurrence, and distant metastasis) and survival. Immunohistochemistry was performed on serial sections of 96 canine mammary carcinomas with antibodies against proNGF, BDNF, TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR. Of the 96 carcinomas, proNGF expression was detected in 71 (74%), BDNF in 79 (82%), TrkA in 94 (98%), TrkB in 35 (37%), and p75NTR in 44 (46%). No association was observed between proNGF, BDNF, or TrkA expression and either clinicopathological parameters or survival. TrkB and p75NTR expression were associated with favorable clinicopathological parameters as well as better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rogez
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | | | | | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Valérie Chopin
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Contributed equally to this work
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Contributed equally to this work
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26
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Wei X, Wu D, Min Z, Quan Y. Upregulated NTF4 in colorectal cancer promotes tumor development via regulating autophagy. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1442-1454. [PMID: 32236587 PMCID: PMC7170041 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and reduces the sensitivity of CRC cells to treatment. The present study reported a novel tumor-suppressive role for autophagy, which was demonstrated to be regulated through the novel oncogene neurotrophin-4 (NTF4). NTF4 was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissue compared with non-tumor mucosa, and the upregulation of NTF4 in CRC was associated with poor overall survival and advanced TNM stage. The genetic knockdown of NTF4 using short hairpin RNA in CRC cells prevented epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and activated autophagy; this was regulated through the interaction between autophagy-associated gene 5 (Atg5) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, the knockdown of NTF4 inhibited cell invasion, migration, proliferation and colony formation, and promoted cell cycle arrest. Treatment of the cells with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) rescued these functions and promoted cell invasion, migration, proliferation and colony formation. Finally, the knockdown of NTF4 inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in Balb/c-nu mice. In conclusion, these findings suggested that NTF4 may be a diagnostic marker associated with the overall survival and progression of patients with CRC. NTF4 was found to promote tumorigenesis and CRC development through autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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27
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Ameloblastomas Exhibit Stem Cell Potential, Possess Neurotrophic Properties, and Establish Connections with Trigeminal Neurons. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030644. [PMID: 32155948 PMCID: PMC7140461 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastomas are locally invasive and aggressive odontogenic tumors treated via surgical resection, which results in facial deformity and significant morbidity. Few studies have addressed the cellular and molecular events of ameloblastoma onset and progression, thus hampering the development of non-invasive therapeutic approaches. Tumorigenesis is driven by a plethora of factors, among which innervation has been long neglected. Recent findings have shown that innervation directly promotes tumor progression. On this basis, we investigated the molecular characteristics and neurotrophic properties of human ameloblastomas. Our results showed that ameloblastomas express dental epithelial stem cell markers, as well as components of the Notch signaling pathway, indicating persistence of stemness. We demonstrated that ameloblastomas express classical stem cell markers, exhibit stem cell potential, and form spheres. These tumors express also molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, fundamental for stem cells and their fate. Additionally, we showed that ameloblastomas express the neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF, as well as their receptors TRKA, TRKB, and P75/NGFR, which are responsible for their innervation by trigeminal axons in vivo. In vitro studies using microfluidic devices showed that ameloblastoma cells attract and form connections with these nerves. Innervation of ameloblastomas might play a key role in the onset of this malignancy and might represent a promising target for non-invasive pharmacological interventions.
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28
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Lee SK, Law B, Tung CH. Multifunctional Nanodelivery Platform for Maximizing Nucleic Acids Combination Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2115:79-90. [PMID: 32006395 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0290-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The silencing of an oncogene with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising way for cancer therapy. Its efficacy can be further enhanced by integrating with other therapeutics; however, transporting siRNA and other active ingredients to the same location at the same time is challenging. Here, we report a novel multifunctional nanodelivery platform by sequentially layering several functional ingredients, such as siRNAs, microRNAs, peptides, and targeting ligands, onto a core through charge-charge interaction. The prepared nanovectors effectively and programmably delivered multiple active components to maximize therapeutic combination with minimal off-targeting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benedict Law
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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29
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MacFarland SP, Naraparaju K, Iyer R, Guan P, Kolla V, Hu Y, Tan K, Brodeur GM. Mechanisms of Entrectinib Resistance in a Neuroblastoma Xenograft Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:920-926. [PMID: 31871269 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TrkB with its ligand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are overexpressed in the majority of high-risk neuroblastomas (NB). Entrectinib is a novel pan-TRK, ALK, and ROS1 inhibitor that has shown excellent preclinical efficacy in NB xenograft models, and recently it has entered phase 1 trials in pediatric relapsed/refractory solid tumors. We examined entrectinib-resistant NB cell lines to identify mechanisms of resistance. Entrectinib-resistant cell lines were established from five NB xenografts initially sensitive to entrectinib therapy. Clonal cell lines were established in increasing concentrations of entrectinib and had >10X increase in IC50 Cell lines underwent genomic and proteomic analysis using whole-exome sequencing, RNA-Seq, and proteomic expression profiling with confirmatory RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. There was no evidence of NTRK2 (TrkB) gene mutation in any resistant cell lines. Inhibition of TrkB was maintained in all cell lines at increasing concentrations of entrectinib (target independent). PTEN pathway downregulation and ERK/MAPK pathway upregulation were demonstrated in all resistant cell lines. One of these clones also had increased IGF1R signaling, and two additional clones had increased P75 expression, which likely increased TrkB sensitivity to ligand. In conclusion, NB lines overexpressing TrkB developed resistance to entrectinib by multiple mechanisms, including activation of ERK/MAPK and downregulation of PTEN signaling. Individual cell lines also had IGF1R activation and increased P75 expression, allowing preservation of downstream TrkB signaling in the presence of entrectinib. An understanding of changes in patterns of expression can be used to inform multimodal therapy planning in using entrectinib in phase II/III trial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P MacFarland
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Koumudi Naraparaju
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peng Guan
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Venkatadri Kolla
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Di YZ, Han BS, Di JM, Liu WY, Tang Q. Role of the brain-gut axis in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1554-1570. [PMID: 31367615 PMCID: PMC6658366 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i13.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zi Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Mao Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
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31
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Zhou Y, Sinha S, Schwartz JL, Adami GR. A subtype of oral, laryngeal, esophageal, and lung, squamous cell carcinoma with high levels of TrkB-T1 neurotrophin receptor mRNA. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:607. [PMID: 31221127 PMCID: PMC6587277 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The NTRK2 genetic locus encodes neurotrophin membrane receptors that play an important role in normal neural tissue plasticity, growth, and survival. One NTRK2-encoded protein is TrkB-FL, which can regulate multiple pathways relevant to cancer. A second NTRK2 gene mRNA isoform encodes TrkB-T1, a receptor that has a different cytoplasmic domain encoded in a mRNA with a unique 3′ terminal exon. Method Tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other studies were classified according to the expression of a single form of NTRK2 mRNA, TrkB-T1, identified by its unique 3′ terminal exon. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in TrkB-T1 high expressers was done to determine if tumors enriched for TrkB-T1 mRNA were a uniform group independent of anatomic site. Results The mRNA for TrkB-T1 is the most abundant NTRK2 gene mRNA in all squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the TCGA database. Comparison of larynx SCC high TrkB-T1 RNA expressers to low expressers (n = 96) revealed gene expression differences consistent with the high TrkB-T1 tumors being more neural-like. The upregulated genes in the TrkB-T1 RNA high expressers also showed enrichment of pathways involved in retinol metabolism, hedgehog signaling, and the Nfe2l2 response, among other pathways. An examination of oral, esophagus, and lung SCCs (n = 284, 97, 501) showed induction of the same pathways among tumors that expressed high levels of TrkB-T1 mRNA. Proteins associated with regulation of the sonic hedgehog pathway, and the Nfe2l2 response, Tp63, and Keap1 and p62/SQSTM1 proteins, showed differential expression in larynx, oral and lung high TrkB1-T1 expresser SCCs. Unexpectantly, the relationship of high level TrkB-T1 expression to patient outcomes was SCC anatomic site specific. High TrkB-T1 mRNA levels in laryngeal SCC correlated with poor survival, but the opposite was true for lung SCC. This may be because pathways enriched in the TrkB high expressers, like those involving oncogenes NFE2L2, PIK3CA, and SOX2, are known to have SCC anatomic site-specific effects on progression. Conclusions High level TrkB-T1 mRNA is a marker of a distinct SCC subtype enriched for at least 3 pathways relevant to tumor progression: Nfe2l2 response, retinol metabolism, and hedgehog signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5789-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science and Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joel L Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guy R Adami
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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32
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Wu D, Min Z, Quan Y. Analysis of risk factors for colon cancer progression. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3991-4000. [PMID: 31190895 PMCID: PMC6535430 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s207390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to find risk factors for colon cancer progression with bioinformatics methods, and validated by clinical patients. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between colon cancer tissues and normal colon tissues were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using R software, amounted to 8,051. DEGs between pathologic stage I+II and stage III+IV amounted to 373, and were compared with DEGs of cancer/normal analyzed above to get the intersection of both. Ninety-six intersected DEGs were identified and defined as progressive DEGs of colon cancer. Then these 96 progressive DEGs were studied by Gene ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis using the DAVID database and visualizing by R software. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and functional modules were established using the STRING database. Further, an overall survival (OS) curve was drawn via the GEPIA website based on the CGA database and six progressive DEGs were found to be involved with OS of colon cancer patients. The Linkedomics website was used for detailed analysis of specific subsets of TNM. Results: Pregnancy specific glycoprotein (PSG), vitamin digestion, and absorption were confirmed to promote the progression of colon cancer. Furthermore, NTF4 was found to be associated with both OS and each subset of TNM; therefore, defined as a key risk factor for colon cancer progression. Further analysis of NTF4 expression using clinical data showed it acted as a key risk factor and diagnosis marker for colon cancer progression. Conclusion: NTF4 is a risk factor contributing to colon cancer progression and associated with overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
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Tao B, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhou P, Wang X, Li B, Jun Z, Zhang W, Xu C, Shi J, Wang L, Zhang W, Li S. CA10 and CA11 negatively regulate neuronal activity-dependent growth of gliomas. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1018-1032. [PMID: 30636076 PMCID: PMC6487704 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that neurons can promote glioma growth through activity‐dependent secretion of neurotrophins, especially neuroligin‐3. It has therefore been suggested that blocking neuron‐derived neurotrophins may serve as a therapeutic intervention for gliomas. Carbonic anhydrase‐related proteins 11 and 10 (CA11 and CA10) are secreted synaptic proteins which function as neurexin ligands, and the gene‐encoding CA11 is part of a gene signature associated with radiotherapy and prognosis in gliomas. We therefore hypothesized that CA11/CA10 might participate in the neuronal activity‐dependent regulation of glioma growth. In this study, we report that CA11 secreted by depolarized cultured neurons within conditioned medium (CM) inhibited the growth of glioma cell lines. CM from depolarized neurons inhibited CA11 expression in glioma cell lines via the Akt signaling pathway. Consistently, CA11 expression was also reduced in clinical glioma samples and negatively associated with high histological grade. Low CA11 expression of gliomas was associated with short survival in four independent datasets [repository of brain neoplasia data (REMBRANDT), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lower grade glioma (LGG), GSE4271, and GSE42669]. CA11 knockdown promoted cell growth, clone formation, and migration; inhibited apoptosis; and increased tumor size in xenografted nude mice. Similarly, CA10 and CA10 secreted by depolarized cultured neurons also inhibited the growth of glioma cell lines. Low CA10 expression was associated with short survival in REMBRANDT, TCGA LGG, and GEO GSE4271 datasets. Our results suggest that CA11 and CA10 negatively regulate neuronal activity‐dependent glioma growth and inhibit glioma aggression. Thus, CA11/CA10 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yiqun Ling
- Department of Nutrition, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China
| | - Youyou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Taizhou, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhong Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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34
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Meng L, Liu B, Ji R, Jiang X, Yan X, Xin Y. Targeting the BDNF/TrkB pathway for the treatment of tumors. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2031-2039. [PMID: 30675270 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors that regulate neural survival, development, function and plasticity in the central and the peripheral nervous system. There are four neurotrophins: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and NT-4. Among them, BDNF is the most studied due to its high expression in the brain. Over the past two decades, BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) have been reported to be upregulated in a wide range of tumors. This activated signal stimulates a series of downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, Ras-Raf-mitogen activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases, the phospholipase-C-γ pathway and the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Activation of these signaling pathways induces oncogenic effects by increasing cancer cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and decreasing anoikis, relapse and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. The present review summarizes recent findings to discuss the role of BDNF in tumors, the underlying molecular mechanism, targeting Trk receptors for treatment of cancers and its potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Baoqiong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Biology, Valencia College, Orlando, FL 32825, USA
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Abstract
Increasing numbers of those living with and beyond cancer presents a clinical challenge for pain specialists. A large proportion of these patients experience pain secondary to their disease or its treatment, impeding rehabilitation and significantly impacting upon their quality of life. The successful management of this pain presents a considerable challenge. This review aims to outline current concepts and treatment options, while considering nuances within pain assessment and the use of large-scale data to help guide further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Magee
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sabina Bachtold
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Targeted Approaches to Cancer Pain Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Farquhar-Smith
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
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36
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Yan Q, Zhao R, Shen C, Wang F, Li W, Gao SJ, Lu C. Upregulation of MicroRNA 711 Mediates HIV-1 Vpr Promotion of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency and Induction of Pro-proliferation and Pro-survival Cytokines by Targeting the Notch/NF-κB-Signaling Axis. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00580-18. [PMID: 29976660 PMCID: PMC6146700 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00580-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfection with HIV-1 and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) often leads to AIDS-related malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The interaction between HIV and KSHV plays a pivotal role in the progression of these malignancies. We have previously demonstrated that, by upregulating miR-942-5p, HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) inhibits KSHV lytic replication by targeting IκBα to activate the NF-κB signaling (Q. Yan, C. Shen, J. Qin, W. Li, M. Hu, H. Lu, D. Qin, J. Zhu, S. J. Gao, C. Lu, J Virol 90:8739-8753, 2016). Here, we show that Vpr inactivates Notch signaling, resulting in inhibition of KSHV lytic replication and induction of pro-proliferative and -survival cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), TIMP-1, IGF-1, and NT-4. Mechanistically, Vpr upregulates miR-711, which directly targets the Notch1 3' untranslated region. Suppression of miR-711 relieved Notch1 and reduced Vpr inhibition of KSHV lytic replication and Vpr induction of pro-proliferation and -survival cytokines, while overexpression of miR-711 exhibited the opposite effect. Finally, overexpression of Notch1 reduced Vpr induction of NF-κB activity by promoting IκBα promoter activity. Our novel findings reveal that by upregulating miR-711 to target Notch1, Vpr silences Notch signaling to activate the NF-κB pathway by reducing IκBα expression, leading to inhibition of KSHV lytic replication and induction of pro-proliferation and -survival cytokines. Therefore, the miR-711/Notch/NF-κB axis is important in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related malignancies and could be an attractive therapeutic target.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 infection significantly increases the risk of KS and PEL in KSHV-infected individuals. Our previous study has shown that HIV-1 Vpr regulates the KSHV life cycle by targeting IκBα to activate NF-κB signaling through upregulating cellular miR-942-5p. In this study, we have further found that Vpr inactivates Notch signaling to promote KSHV latency and production of pro-proliferation and -survival cytokines. Another Vpr-upregulated cellular microRNA, miR-711, participates in this process by directly targeting Notch1. As a result, Notch1 upregulation of the IκBα promoter activity is attenuated, resulting in reduced levels of IκBα transcript and protein. Overall, these results illustrate an alternative mechanism of HIV-1 Vpr regulation of KSHV latency and aberrant cytokines through the miR-711/Notch/NF-κB axis. Our novel findings further demonstrate the role of an HIV-1-secreted regulatory protein in the KSHV life cycle and KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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37
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Targeting neurotrophin signaling in cancer: The renaissance. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Yuan Y, Ye HQ, Ren QC. Proliferative role of BDNF/TrkB signaling is associated with anoikis resistance in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:621-634. [PMID: 29989647 PMCID: PMC6072290 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known as one of the members of the neurotropin family. BDNF-induced activation of its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) is associated with anoikis tolerance, tumor progression and poor prognosis in many types of malignancy. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports describing the contribution of the BDNF/TrkB axis to cervical cancer. BDNF and TrKB expression in cervical cancer (CC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 87 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and quantitative PCR assays and the results showed that they were significantly higher in cancer tissues than that in normal adjacent tissues, respectively. Higher expression rates of BDNF and TrKB were observed in stage IIB or higher and BDNF expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis. Notably, a high expression of TrKB may be contributed to poor survival time, which confirmed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Compared to the corresponding CC cell lines, HeLa, SiHa, CASKI, C4-1 and C-33a, BDNF and TrKB expression was enhanced in anoikis-like apoptotic tolerance (AAT), a cell model established from cervical cancer cell lines. AAT cells showed a higher proliferation activity compared with CC cell lines, which was confirmed by a shorter G0/G1 phase, elevated cyclin A, cyclin D1 and c-myc, decreased caspase-3 and Bax, and increased Bcl-2. By contrast, the knockdown of TrKB expression reversed these changes in AAT cells, induced G0/G1 arrest and suppressed proliferation activity. The results of the present study show that PI3K/Akt signaling is involved in the BDNF/TrKB-induced proliferation of AAT cells in cervical cancer. These findings indicate that BDNF/TrKB pathway is a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 644300, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qiong Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 644300, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Chuan Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 644300, P.R. China
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39
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De la Cruz-Morcillo MA, Berger J, Sánchez-Prieto R, Saada S, Naves T, Guillaudeau A, Perraud A, Sindou P, Lacroix A, Descazeaud A, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO. p75 neurotrophin receptor and pro-BDNF promote cell survival and migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34480-97. [PMID: 27120782 PMCID: PMC5085170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p75NTR, a member of TNF receptor family, is the low affinity receptor common to several mature neurotrophins and the high affinity receptor for pro-neurotrophins. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a member of neurotrophin family has been described to play an important role in development and progression of several cancers, through its binding to a high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and/or p75NTR. However, the functions of these two receptors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have never been investigated. An overexpression of p75NTR, pro-BDNF, and to a lesser extent for TrkB and sortilin, was detected by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 83 clear cell RCC tumors. p75NTR, mainly expressed in tumor tissues, was significantly associated with higher Fuhrman grade in multivariate analysis. In two derived-RCC lines, 786-O and ACHN cells, we demonstrated that pro-BDNF induced cell survival and migration, through p75NTR as provided by p75NTR RNA silencing or blocking anti-p75NTR antibody. This mechanism is independent of TrkB activation as demonstrated by k252a, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Trk neurotrophin receptors. Taken together, these data highlight for the first time an important role for p75NTR in renal cancer and indicate a putative novel target therapy in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A De la Cruz-Morcillo
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Julien Berger
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Limoges, 87042 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- PCTCLM/CRIB Unidad de Medicina Molecular Laboratorio de Oncología/Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sofiane Saada
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | | | - Aurélie Perraud
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Sindou
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien Descazeaud
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Limoges, 87042 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges, Cedex, France
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40
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Gao B, Hao S, Tian W, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Guo L, Zhao J, zhang G, Yan J, Luo D. MicroRNA-107 is downregulated and having tumor suppressive effect in breast cancer by negatively regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 27813254 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Wuguo Tian
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Lingji Guo
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jianjie Zhao
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Gang zhang
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Donglin Luo
- Department of Breast & Thyroid & Vascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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41
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Cao Y. Tumorigenesis as a process of gradual loss of original cell identity and gain of properties of neural precursor/progenitor cells. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:61. [PMID: 29177029 PMCID: PMC5693707 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease without a unified explanation for its cause so far. Our recent work demonstrates that cancer cells share similar regulatory networks and characteristics with embryonic neural cells. Based on the study, I will address the relationship between tumor and neural cells in more details. I collected the evidence from various aspects of cancer development in many other studies, and integrated the information from studies on cancer cell properties, cell fate specification during embryonic development and evolution. Synthesis of the information strongly supports that cancer cells share much more similarities with neural progenitor/stem cells than with mesenchymal-type cells and that tumorigenesis represents a process of gradual loss of cell or lineage identity and gain of characteristics of neural cells. I also discuss cancer EMT, a concept having been under intense debate, and possibly the true meaning of EMT in cancer initiation and development. This synthesis provides fresh insights into a unified explanation for and a previously unrecognized nature of tumorigenesis, which might not be revealed by studies on individual molecular events. The review will also present some brief suggestions for cancer research based on the proposed model of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061 China
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42
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Faulkner S, Jobling P, Rowe CW, Rodrigues Oliveira SM, Roselli S, Thorne RF, Oldmeadow C, Attia J, Jiang CC, Zhang XD, Walker MM, Hondermarck H. Neurotrophin Receptors TrkA, p75 NTR, and Sortilin Are Increased and Targetable in Thyroid Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:229-241. [PMID: 29037860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophin receptors are emerging targets in oncology, but their clinicopathologic significance in thyroid cancer is unclear. In this study, the neurotrophin tyrosine receptor kinase TrkA (also called NTRK1), the common neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, and the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin were analyzed with immunohistochemistry in a cohort of thyroid cancers (n = 128) and compared with adenomas and normal thyroid tissues (n = 62). TrkA was detected in 20% of thyroid cancers, compared with none of the benign samples (P = 0.0007). TrkA expression was independent of histologic subtypes but associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0148), suggesting the involvement of TrkA in tumor invasiveness. Nerves in the tumor microenvironment were positive for TrkA. p75NTR was overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancers compared with papillary and follicular subtypes (P < 0.0001). Sortilin was overexpressed in thyroid cancers compared with benign thyroid tissues (P < 0.0001). Neurotrophin receptor expression was confirmed in a panel of thyroid cancer cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels. Functional investigations using the anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line CAL-62 found that siRNA against TrkA, p75NTR, and sortilin decreased cell survival and cell migration through decreased SRC and ERK activation. Together, these data reveal TrkA, p75NTR, and sortilin as potential therapeutic targets in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Jobling
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher W Rowe
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S M Rodrigues Oliveira
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Severine Roselli
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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Brown M, Farquhar-Smith P. Pain in cancer survivors; filling in the gaps. Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:723-736. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Spoletini M, Taurone S, Tombolini M, Minni A, Altissimi G, Wierzbicki V, Giangaspero F, Parnigotto PP, Artico M, Bardella L, Agostinelli E, Pastore FS. Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1014-1024. [PMID: 28902350 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is an organ that functionally connects the hypothalamus with the peripheral organs. The pituitary gland is an important regulator of body homeostasis during development, stress, and other processes. Pituitary adenomas are a group of tumors arising from the pituitary gland: they may be subdivided in functional or non-functional, depending on their hormonal activity. Some trophic and neurotrophic factors seem to play a key role in the development and maintenance of the pituitary function and in the regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity. Several lines of evidence suggest that trophic and neurotrophic factors may be involved in pituitary function, thus suggesting a possible role of the trophic and neurotrophic factors in the normal development of pituitary gland and in the progression of pituitary adenomas. Additional studies might be necessary to better explain the biological role of these molecules in the development and progression of this type of tumor. In this review, in light of the available literature, data on the following neurotrophic factors are discussed: ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), transforming growth factors β (TGF‑β), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) which influence the proliferation and growth of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Spoletini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Tombolini
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) Onlus, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lia Bardella
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pastore
- Department of Systems' Medicine, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Chiu JH, Chen FP, Tsai YF, Lin MT, Tseng LM, Shyr YM. Effects of Chinese medicinal herbs on expression of brain-derived Neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its interaction with human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and endothelial HUVECs. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:401. [PMID: 28800782 PMCID: PMC5554408 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study demonstrated that an up-regulation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling pathway is involved the mechanism causing the recurrence of triple negative breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs on MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC cells and how they interact with BDNF. METHODS Human TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and human endothelial HUVEC cells were used to explore the effect of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines on cancer cells alone, on endothelial cells alone and on cancer cell/endothelial cell interactions; this was done via functional studies, including migration and invasion assays. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and real-time PCR investigations were also used to investigate migration signal transduction, invasion signal transduction, and angiogenic signal transduction in these systems. Finally, the effect of the Chinese medicinal herbs on cancer cell/endothelial cell interactions was assessed using co-culture and ELISA. RESULTS In terms of autoregulation, BDNF up-regulated TrkB gene expression in both MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC cells. Furthermore, BDNF enhanced migration by MDA-MB-231 cells via Rac, Cdc42 and MMP, while also increasing the migration of HUVEC cells via MMP and COX-2 expression. As measured by ELISA, the Chinese herbal medicinal herbs A. membranaceus, P. lactiflora, L. chuanxiong, P. suffruticosa and L. lucidum increased BDNF secretion by MDA-MB-231 cells. Similarly, using a co-culture system with MDA-MB-231 cells, A. membranaceus and L. lucidum modulated BDNF-TrkB signaling by HUVEC cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that BDNF plays an important role in the metastatic interaction between MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC cells. Some Chinese medicinal herbs are able to enhance the BDNF-related metastatic potential of the interaction between cancer cells and endothelial cells. These findings provide important information that should help with the development of integrated medical therapies for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center & Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- Center of Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center & Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Man-Ting Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center & Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Shyr
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center & Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
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Sharma S, Nagpal N, Ghosh PC, Kulshreshtha R. P53-miR-191- SOX4 regulatory loop affects apoptosis in breast cancer. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:1237-1246. [PMID: 28450532 PMCID: PMC5513068 DOI: 10.1261/rna.060657.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as key participants of p53 signaling pathways because they regulate or are regulated by p53. Here, we provide the first study demonstrating direct regulation of an oncogenic miRNA, miR-191-5p, by p53 and existence of a regulatory feedback loop. Using a combination of qRT-PCR, promoter-luciferase, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that p53 brings about down-regulation of miR-191-5p in breast cancer. miR-191-5p overexpression brought about inhibition of apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and ZR-75) as demonstrated by reduction in annexin-V stained cells and caspase 3/7 activity, whereas miR-191-5p down-regulation showed the opposite. We further unveiled that SOX4 was a direct target of miR-191-5p. SOX4 overexpression was shown to increase p53 protein levels in MCF7 cells. miR-191-5p overexpression brought about down-regulation of SOX4 and thus p53 levels, suggesting the existence of a regulatory feedback loop. Breast cancer treatment by doxorubicin, an anti-cancer drug, involves induction of apoptosis by p53; we thus wanted to check whether miR-191-5p affects doxorubicin sensitivity. Interestingly, Anti-miR-191 treatment significantly decreased the IC50 of the doxorubicin drug and thus sensitized breast cancer cells to doxorubicin treatment by promoting apoptosis. Overall, this work highlights the importance of the p53-miR-191-SOX4 axis in the regulation of apoptosis and drug resistance in breast cancer and offers a preclinical proof-of-concept for use of an Anti-miR-191 and doxorubicin combination as a rational approach to pursue for better breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Neha Nagpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Prahlad C Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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de Moraes JK, Wagner VP, Fonseca FP, Vargas PA, de Farias CB, Roesler R, Martins MD. Uncovering the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in head and neck malignancies. J Oral Pathol Med 2017. [PMID: 28650560 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that was first known as responsible for sustain the growth, function, and plasticity of neural cells. BDNF exerts its effects by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). The BDNF/TrkB axis has been reported to be overexpressed in several neurogenic and non-neurogenic tumors. Its higher expression was associated with a poor prognosis to patients affected by different human malignancies, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis; epithelial-mesenchymal transition and resistance to chemotherapy. BDNF/TrkB represent promising targets to the development of novel anticancer therapies. Some clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of Trk protein-target drugs in different types of solid tumors. To date, few groups have evaluated the DNF/TrkB pathway in head and neck malignancies. The aims of this study were to review the literature concerning the role of BDNF/TrkB activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and malignant salivary gland tumors and to discuss future perspectives of BDNF/TrkB-target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kern de Moraes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Experimental Pathology Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -TrKB signaling modulates cancer-endothelial cells interaction and affects the outcomes of triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178173. [PMID: 28604807 PMCID: PMC5467823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims There is good evidence that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in cancer metastasis and progression. Our previous studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in the process of metastasis and in the migration of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BDNF on the tumor cell microenvironment, namely, the cancer cell-endothelial cell interaction of TNBC cells. Methods We conducted oligoneucleotide microarray analysis of potential biomarkers that are able to differentiate recurrent TNBC from non-recurrent TNBC. The MDA-MB-231 and human endothelial HUVEC lines were used for this study and our approaches included functional studies, such as migration assay, as well as Western blot and real-time PCR analysis of migration and angiogenic signaling. In addition, we analyzed the survival outcome of TNBC breast cancer patients according to their expression level of BDNF using clinical samples. Results The results demonstrated that BDNF was able to bring about autocrinal (MDA-MB-231) and paracrinal (HUVECs) regulation of BDNF-TrkB gene expression and this affected cell migratory activity. The BDNF-induced migratory activity was blocked by inhibitors of ERK, PI3K and TrkB when MDA-MB-231 cells were examined, but only an inhibitor of ERK blocked this activity when HUVEC cells were used. Furthermore, decreased migratory activity was found for △BDNF and △TrkB cell lines. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of MDA-MB-231 cells showed that BDNF is a key factor that is able to regulate a network made up of metalloproteases and calmodulin. Protein expression levels in a tissue array of tumor slices were found to be correlated with patient prognosis and the results showed that there was significant correlation of TrkB expression, but not of BDNF. expressionwith patient DFS and OS. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that up-regulation of the BDNF signaling pathway seems tobe involved in the mechanism associated with early recurrence in triple negative breast cancer cell. In addition, BDNF can function in either an autocrine or a paracrine manner to increase the migration ability of both MDA-MB-231 cells and HUVEC cells. Finally, overexpression of TrkB, but not of BDNF, is significantly associated with a poor survival outcome for TNBC patients.
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Mazouffre C, Geyl S, Perraud A, Blondy S, Jauberteau MO, Mathonnet M, Verdier M. Dual inhibition of BDNF/TrkB and autophagy: a promising therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2610-2622. [PMID: 28597984 PMCID: PMC5618676 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive cancer in the Western world. Despite effective therapies, resistance and/or recurrence frequently occur. The present study investigated the impact of two survival pathways—neurotrophic factors (TrkB/BDNF) and autophagy—on cell fate and tumour evolution. In vitro studies were performed on two CRC cell lines, SW480 (primary tumour) and SW620 (lymph node invasion), which were also used for subcutaneous xenografts on a nude mouse model. In addition, the presence of neurotrophic factors (NTs) and autophagy markers were assessed in tissue samples representative of different stages. On the basis of our previous study (which demonstrated that TrkB overexpression is associated with prosurvival signaling in CRC cells), we pharmacologically inhibited NTs pathways with K252a. As expected, an inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was observed and CRC cells initiated autophagy. Conversely, blocking the autophagic flux with chloroquine or with ATG5‐siRNA overactivated TrkB/BDNF signaling. In vitro, dual inhibition improved the effectiveness of single treatment by significantly reducing metabolic activity and enhancing apoptotic cell death. These findings were accentuated in vivo, in which dual inhibition induced a spectacular reduction in tumour volume following long‐term treatment (21 days for K252a and 12 days for CQ). Finally, significant amounts of phospho‐TrkB and LC3II were found in the patients’ tissues, highlighting their relevance in CRC tumour biology. Taken together, our results show that targeting NTs and autophagy pathways potentially constitutes a new therapeutic approach for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Mazouffre
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Geyl
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France.,CHU de Limoges, Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France.,CHU de Limoges, Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
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Tajbakhsh A, Mokhtari-Zaer A, Rezaee M, Afzaljavan F, Rivandi M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Pasdar A, Avan A. Therapeutic Potentials of BDNF/TrkB in Breast Cancer; Current Status and Perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2502-2515. [PMID: 28230291 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been shown to stimulate breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkB, and the p75NTR death receptor. The aberrant activation of BDNF/TrkB pathways can modulate several signaling pathways, including Akt/PI3K, Jak/STAT, NF-kB, UPAR/UPA, Wnt/β-catenin, and VEGF pathways as well as the ER receptor. Several microRNAs have been identified that are involved in the modulation of BDNF/TrkB pathways. These include miR-206, miR-204, MiR-200a/c, MiR-210, MiR-134, and MiR-191; and these may be of value as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for detecting patients at high risk of developing breast cancer. It has been also been demonstrated that a high expression of genes involved in the BDNF pathway in breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome and reduced survival of patients. Several approaches have been developed for targeting this pathway, for example TKr inhibitors (AZD6918, CEP-701) and RNA interference. The aim of the current review was to provide an overview of the role of BDNF/TrkB pathways in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and its value as a potential therapeutic target. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2502-2515, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mokhtari-Zaer
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzaljavan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rivandi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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