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Davis SL, Hartman SJ, Bagby SM, Schlaepfer M, Yacob BW, Tse T, Simmons DM, Diamond JR, Lieu CH, Leal AD, Cadogan EB, Hughes GD, Durant ST, Messersmith WA, Pitts TM. ATM kinase inhibitor AZD0156 in combination with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in preclinical models of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1107. [PMID: 36309653 PMCID: PMC9617348 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
AZD0156 is an oral inhibitor of ATM, a serine threonine kinase that plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) associated with double-strand breaks. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor irinotecan is used clinically to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), often in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5FU). AZD0156 in combination with irinotecan and 5FU was evaluated in preclinical models of CRC to determine whether low doses of AZD0156 enhance the cytotoxicity of irinotecan in chemotherapy regimens used in the clinic.
Methods
Anti-proliferative effects of single-agent AZD0156, the active metabolite of irinotecan (SN38), and combination therapy were evaluated in 12 CRC cell lines. Additional assessment with clonogenic assay, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblotting were performed in 4 selected cell lines. Four colorectal cancer patient derived xenograft (PDX) models were treated with AZD0156, irinotecan, or 5FU alone and in combination for assessment of tumor growth inhibition (TGI). Immunofluorescence was performed on tumor tissues. The DDR mutation profile was compared across in vitro and in vivo models.
Results
Enhanced effects on cellular proliferation and regrowth were observed with the combination of AZD0156 and SN38 in select models. In cell cycle analysis of these models, increased G2/M arrest was observed with combination treatment over either single agent. Immunoblotting results suggest an increase in DDR associated with irinotecan therapy, with a reduced effect noted when combined with AZD0156, which is more pronounced in some models. Increased TGI was observed with the combination of AZD0156 and irinotecan as compared to single-agent therapy in some PDX models. The DDR mutation profile was variable across models.
Conclusions
AZD0156 and irinotecan provide a rational and active combination in preclinical colorectal cancer models. Variability across in vivo and in vitro results may be related to the variable DDR mutation profiles of the models evaluated. Further understanding of the implications of individual DDR mutation profiles may help better identify patients more likely to benefit from treatment with the combination of AZD0156 and irinotecan in the clinical setting.
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Yu GH, Li SF, Wei R, Jiang Z. Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1747326. [PMID: 35296101 PMCID: PMC8920658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1747326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have identified diabetes as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The potential pathophysiological mechanisms of this association include hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, hyperglycemia, inflammation induced by adipose tissue dysfunction, gastrointestinal motility disorder, and impaired immunological surveillance. Several studies have shown that underlying diabetes adversely affects the prognosis of patients with CRC. This review explores the novel anticancer agents targeting IGF-1R and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), both of which play a vital role in diabetes-induced colorectal tumorigenesis. Inhibitors of IGF-1R and RAGE are expected to become promising therapeutic choices, particularly for CRC patients with diabetes. Furthermore, hypoglycemic therapy is associated with the incidence of CRC. Selection of appropriate hypoglycemic agents, which can reduce the risk of CRC in diabetic patients, is an unmet issue. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the current studies concerning the connections among diabetes, hypoglycemic therapy, and CRC as well as provides a synthesis of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Our synthesis provides a theoretical basis for rational use of hypoglycemic therapies and early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuo-Feng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Yu GH, Jiang Z. Progress in understanding of relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1323-1333. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i23.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have suggested that diabetes is closely associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and diabetes could be regarded as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms connecting diabetes and colorectal cancer include hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin-like growth factor axis, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, gastrointestinal motility disorder, and impaired immunological surveillance. Meanwhile, multiple studies have revealed that diabetes is negatively related to the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. This review mainly summarizes the current studies concerning the linkages between diabetes and colorectal cancer and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational use of antidiabetic drugs and early diagnosis of diabetes-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Arai H, Cao S, Battaglin F, Wang J, Kawanishi N, Tokunaga R, Loupakis F, Stintzing S, Soni S, Zhang W, Mancao C, Salhia B, Mumenthaler SM, Cremolini C, Heinemann V, Falcone A, Millstein J, Lenz HJ. RNA-Binding Protein Polymorphisms as Novel Biomarkers to Predict Outcomes of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis from TRIBE, FIRE-3, and MAVERICC. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1153-1160. [PMID: 33785650 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate many posttranscriptional cellular activities. Accumulating evidence suggests associations between RBPs with colonic tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity. We investigated the prognostic and predictive values of SNPs of genes encoding RBPs in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), using clinical and genomic data from three randomized clinical trials of standard first-line chemotherapy for mCRC (TRIBE, FIRE-3, and MAVERICC). Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples was genotyped using an OncoArray. We tested 30 candidate SNPs of 10 major RBP-related genes with additive models. Prognostic values were estimated by meta-analysis approach. Treatment-by-SNP interactions were tested to estimate predictive values for targeted drugs and cytotoxic backbone chemotherapies. This study included 884 patients. The meta-analysis revealed prognostic values of LIN28B rs314277 [HR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.49, P = 0.005, FDR-adjusted P = 0.072 for overall survival (OS)] and LIN28B rs314276 (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08-1.44, P = 0.002, FDR-adjusted P = 0.062 for OS). Although some SNPs showed potentially predictive values, these associations were not confirmed after FDR adjustment. In conclusion, the results of this study are warranting additional studies to provide the evidence that RBP-related SNPs may be associated with the prognosis of patients with mCRC treated with standard first-line chemotherapies. In addition, further studies are warranted to study the predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natsuko Kawanishi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryuma Tokunaga
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CCM), Medical Department, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christoph Mancao
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Liposome-based co-delivery of 7-O-geranyl-quercetin and IGF-1R siRNA for the synergistic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Davis SL, Eckhardt SG, Diamond JR, Messersmith WA, Dasari A, Weekes CD, Lieu CH, Kane M, Choon Tan A, Pitts TM, Leong S. A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Linsitinib (OSI-906), a Small-Molecule Dual Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor/Insulin Receptor Kinase Inhibitor, in Combination with Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Oncologist 2018; 23:1409-e140. [PMID: 30139840 PMCID: PMC6292546 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned. The maximum tolerated dose of the combination of linsitinib and irinotecan is linsitinib 450 mg daily on days 1–3 every 7 days and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 days 1 and 8 of a 21‐day cycle. The adverse effects associated with the combination are not significantly increased beyond what is expected of each drug as a single agent. Multiple negative trials of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor inhibitors performed in unselected patient populations led to the early discontinuation of linistinib development and this trial. Earlier integration of assessment of potential predictive biomarkers into clinical trials, as was planned in this study, is vital to the development of targeted therapies in oncology.
Background. This phase I dose‐escalation study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the combination of irinotecan and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) inhibitor linsitinib in patients with advanced cancer refractory to standard therapy. Methods. Dose escalation in three specified dose levels was performed according to a standard 3 + 3 design. Dose levels were as follows: (a) linsitinib 400 mg and irinotecan 100 mg/m2, (b) linsitinib 450 mg and irinotecan 100 mg/m2, and (c) linsitinib 450 mg and irinotecan 125 mg/m2. Linisitinib was administered once daily on days 1–3, 8–10, and 15–17, and irinotecan on days 1 and 8. Assessment of a candidate predictive biomarker was planned in all patients, with further evaluation in an expansion cohort of advanced colorectal cancer. Results. A total of 17 patients were treated, with 1 patient in both cohort 2 and 3 experiencing dose‐limiting toxicity. Linsitinib 450 mg and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 was the maximum tolerated dose. Sixteen (94%) patients experienced at least one treatment‐related adverse event. Neutropenia was the only grade >3 toxicity (4%). No significant hyperglycemia or QT interval prolongation was noted. No objective responses were observed; 47% (n = 8) had stable disease with median duration of 5.25 months. Conclusion. Although the combination was determined safe, the study was halted due to termination of linsitinib development, and biomarker testing was not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Colin D Weekes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Madeline Kane
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Todd M Pitts
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Leong
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Guo XF, Zhu XF, Cao HY, Zhong GS, Li L, Deng BG, Chen P, Wang PZ, Miao QF, Zhen YS. A bispecific enediyne-energized fusion protein targeting both epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor showing enhanced antitumor efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27286-27299. [PMID: 28460483 PMCID: PMC5432335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) both overexpressed on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are known cooperatively to promote tumor progression and drug resistance. This study was to construct a novel bispecific fusion protein EGF-IGF-LDP-AE consisting of EGFR and IGF-IR specific ligands (EGF and IGF-1) and lidamycin, an enediyne antibiotic with potent antitumor activity, and investigate its antitumor efficacy against NSCLC. Binding and internalization assays showed that EGF-IGF-LDP protein could bind to NSCLC cells with high affinity and then internalized into cells with higher efficiency than that of monospecific proteins. In vitro, the enediyne-energized analogue of bispecific fusion protein (EGF-IGF-LDP-AE) displayed extremely potent cytotoxicity to NSCLC cell lines with IC50<10−11 mol/L. Moreover, the bispecific protein EGF-IGF-LDP-AE was more cytotoxic than monospecific proteins (EGF-LDP-AE and LDP-IGF-AE) and lidamycin. In vivo, EGF-IGF-LDP-AE markedly inhibited the growth of A549 xenografts, and the efficacy was more potent than that of lidamycin and monospecific counterparts. EGF-IGF-LDP-AE caused significant cell cycle arrest and it also induced cell apoptosis in a dosage-dependent manner. Pretreatment with EGF-IGF-LDP-AE inhibited EGF-, IGF-stimulated EGFR and IGF-1R phosphorylation, and blocked two main downstream signaling molecules AKT and ERK activation. These data suggested that EGF-LDP-IGF-AE protein would be a promising targeted agent for NSCLC patients with EGFR and/or IGF-1R overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Guo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hai-Ying Cao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gen-Shen Zhong
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotherapy, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Guo Deng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pei-Zhen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing-Fang Miao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Su Zhen
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nuclear IGF-1R predicts chemotherapy and targeted therapy resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1777-1786. [PMID: 29123263 PMCID: PMC5729466 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although chemotherapy is the cornerstone treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), acquired chemoresistance is common and constitutes the main reason for treatment failure. Monoclonal antibodies against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been tested in pre-treated mCRC patients, but results have been largely deceiving. Methods: We analysed time to progression, overall survival, and the mutational status of RAS, BRAF and nuclear p-IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry, in 470 metastatic CRC patients. The effect of IGF-1R activation and distribution was also assessed using cellular models of CRC and RNAi for functional validation. Results: Nuclear IGF-1R increased in metastatic tumours compared to paired untreated primary tumours, and significantly correlated with poor overall survival in mCRC patients. In vitro, chemo-resistant cell lines presented significantly higher levels of IGF-1R expression within the nuclear compartment, and PIAS3, a protein implicated also in the sumoylation process of intranuclear proteins, contributed to IGF-1R nuclear sequestration, highlighting the essential role of PIAS3 in this process. Intriguingly, we observed that ganitumab, an IGF-1R blocking-antibody used in several clinical trials, and dasatinib, an SRC inhibitor, increased the nuclear localisation of IGF-1R. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that IGF-1R nuclear location might lead to chemotherapy and targeted agent resistance.
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10
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Dai C, Li N, Song G, Yang Y, Ning X. Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates growth of endometrial carcinoma through PI3k signaling pathway in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3329-3336. [PMID: 27648123 PMCID: PMC5009385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) may be responsible for the higher risk for developing endometrial carcinoma (EMC) in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here, we compared T2DM patients with or without EMC. We did not find difference in the serum levels of IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), IGF-1 binding protein 3, as well as the activation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) in endometrial cells between T2DM patients with or without EMC. However, the levels of IGF2R activation and activation of PI3k, an IGF1R downstream factor, were significantly higher in endometrial cells in T2DM patients with EMC. In vitro analyses of activation of IGF1R, IGF2R, PI3k and CCND1 in EMC cells or IGF2R-overexpressing EMC cells by IGF-1 or IGF-2 suggest that increases in IGF2R in endometrial cells in T2DM may increase PI3k/CCND1-dependent cell growth through loss of competitive binding of IGF-2 to IGF1R, as a possible explanation for the higher risk for developing EMC in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Dai
- Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, China
- Department of Gynaecology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiaoran Ning
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, China
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Shali H, Ahmadi M, Kafil HS, Dorosti A, Yousefi M. IGF1R and c-met as therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:528-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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A comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis of the novel IGF1R/INSR inhibitor BI 893923 applying in vitro, in vivo and in silico modeling techniques. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1303-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Ramcharan R, Aleksic T, Kamdoum WP, Gao S, Pfister SX, Tanner J, Bridges E, Asher R, Watson AJ, Margison GP, Woodcock M, Repapi E, Li JL, Middleton MR, Macaulay VM. IGF-1R inhibition induces schedule-dependent sensitization of human melanoma to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39877-90. [PMID: 26497996 PMCID: PMC4741867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies implicate type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) in mediating chemo-resistance. Here, we investigated whether IGF-1R influences response to temozolomide (TMZ), which generates DNA adducts that are removed by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), or persist causing replication-associated double-strand breaks (DSBs). Initial assessment in 10 melanoma cell lines revealed that TMZ resistance correlated with MGMT expression (r = 0.79, p = 0.009), and in MGMT-proficient cell lines, with phospho-IGF-1R (r = 0.81, p = 0.038), suggesting that TMZ resistance associates with IGF-1R activation. Next, effects of IGF-1R inhibitors (IGF-1Ri) AZ3801 and linsitinib (OSI-906) were tested on TMZ-sensitivity, cell cycle progression and DSB induction. IGF-1Ri sensitized BRAF wild-type and mutant melanoma cells to TMZ in vitro, an effect that was independent of MGMT. Cells harboring wild-type p53 were more sensitive to IGF-1Ri, and showed schedule-dependent chemo-sensitization that was most effective when IGF-1Ri followed TMZ. This sequence sensitized to clinically-achievable TMZ concentrations and enhanced TMZ-induced apoptosis. Simultaneous or prior IGF-1Ri caused less effective chemo-sensitization, associated with increased G1 population and reduced accumulation of TMZ-induced DSBs. Clinically relevant sequential (TMZ → IGF-1Ri) treatment was tested in mice bearing A375M (V600E BRAF, wild-type p53) melanoma xenografts, achieving peak plasma/tumor IGF-1Ri levels comparable to clinical Cmax, and inducing extensive intratumoral apoptosis. TMZ or IGF-1Ri caused minor inhibition of tumor growth (gradient reduction 13%, 25% respectively), while combination treatment caused supra-additive growth delay (72%) that was significantly different from control (p < 0.01), TMZ (p < 0.01) and IGF-1Ri (p < 0.05) groups. These data highlight the importance of scheduling when combining IGF-1Ri and other targeted agents with drugs that induce replication-associated DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ramcharan
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Shan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophia X. Pfister
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan Tanner
- Biomedical Services, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth Asher
- Department of Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda J. Watson
- Cancer Research UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
| | - Geoffrey P. Margison
- Cancer Research UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
| | - Mick Woodcock
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Valentine M. Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Perego P, Robert J. Oxaliplatin in the era of personalized medicine: from mechanistic studies to clinical efficacy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:5-18. [PMID: 26589793 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound approved for clinical use relatively recently as compared to other drugs of the same class. Its main cellular target is DNA, where similarly to cisplatin and carboplatin it forms cross-links. However, due to a unique indication for colorectal cancer, synergistic interaction with fluoropyrimidines and peculiar toxicity profile, oxaliplatin is different from those compounds. Multiple lines of evidence indicate differences in transport and metabolism, consequences of DNA platination, as well as DNA repair and transduction of DNA damage. Here, we explore the preclinical features that may explain the unique properties of oxaliplatin in the clinics. Among them, the capability to accumulate in tumor cells via organic cation transporters, to kill KRAS mutant cells and to activate immunogenic cell death appears helpful to explain in part its clinical behavior. The continuous investigation of the molecular pharmacology of oxaliplatin is expected to provide clues to the definitions of predictors of drug activity and toxicity to translate to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jacques Robert
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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Chen BJ, Litvin O, Ungar L, Pe’er D. Context Sensitive Modeling of Cancer Drug Sensitivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133850. [PMID: 26274927 PMCID: PMC4537214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent screening of drug sensitivity in large panels of cancer cell lines provides a valuable resource towards developing algorithms that predict drug response. Since more samples provide increased statistical power, most approaches to prediction of drug sensitivity pool multiple cancer types together without distinction. However, pan-cancer results can be misleading due to the confounding effects of tissues or cancer subtypes. On the other hand, independent analysis for each cancer-type is hampered by small sample size. To balance this trade-off, we present CHER (Contextual Heterogeneity Enabled Regression), an algorithm that builds predictive models for drug sensitivity by selecting predictive genomic features and deciding which ones should-and should not-be shared across different cancers, tissues and drugs. CHER provides significantly more accurate models of drug sensitivity than comparable elastic-net-based models. Moreover, CHER provides better insight into the underlying biological processes by finding a sparse set of shared and type-specific genomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Juen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States of America
| | - Oren Litvin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States of America
| | - Lyle Ungar
- Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States of America
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Puzanov I, Lindsay CR, Goff L, Sosman J, Gilbert J, Berlin J, Poondru S, Simantov R, Gedrich R, Stephens A, Chan E, Evans TRJ. A phase I study of continuous oral dosing of OSI-906, a dual inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptors, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:701-11. [PMID: 25212606 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OSI-906 is a potent inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR). The purpose of this study was to determine the MTD, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary activity of OSI-906 in patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a nonrandomized, open-label, phase I, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors. The study also included a diabetic expansion cohort and a biomarker expansion cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. Patients were treated with OSI-906 by once- or twice-daily continuous dosing schedules. RESULTS Of 95 patients enrolled in the study, 86 received at least one dose of OSI-906. Dose-limiting toxicities included QTc prolongation, grade 2 abdominal pain and nausea, hyperglycemia, and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (all grade 3). The MTDs were established to be 400 mg once daily and 150 mg twice daily. The recommended phase II dose was determined as 150 mg twice daily. OSI-906 was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of 5 hours, and steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved by day 8. Pharmacodynamic effects on IGF1R and IR phosphorylation were levels observed and correlated with plasma concentrations of OSI-906. Thirty-one patients had stable disease as their best response. One patient with melanoma had a radiographic partial response and underwent resection, during which only melanocytic debris but no viable tumor tissue was identified. CONCLUSIONS At the established MTD, OSI-906 was well tolerated and antitumor activity was observed. These results support further evaluation of OSI-906 in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Colin R Lindsay
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goff
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeff Sosman
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jill Gilbert
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ronit Simantov
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois
| | | | | | - Emily Chan
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - T R Jeffry Evans
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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17
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Yang HS. Inhibition of p70S6K1 Activation by Pdcd4 Overcomes the Resistance to an IGF-1R/IR Inhibitor in Colon Carcinoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:799-809. [PMID: 25573956 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Agents targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) are being actively examined in clinical trials. Although there has been some initial success of single-agent targeting IGF-1R, attempts in later studies failed because of resistance. This study aimed to understand the effects of programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) on the chemosensitivity of the IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 in colorectal cancer cells and the mechanism underlying this impact. Using OSI-906-resistant and -sensitive colorectal cancer cells, we found that the Pdcd4 level directly correlates with cell chemosensitivity to OSI-906. In addition, tumors derived from Pdcd4 knockdown cells resist the growth inhibitory effect of OSI-906 in a colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model. Moreover, Pdcd4 enhances the antiproliferative effect of OSI-906 in resistant cells through suppression of p70S6K1 activation. Knockdown of p70S6K1, but not p70S6K2, significantly increases the chemosensitivity of OSI-906 in cultured colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of OSI-906 and PF-4708671, a p70S6K1 inhibitor, efficiently suppresses the growth of OSI-906-resistant colon tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, activation of p70S6K1 that is inhibited by Pdcd4 is essential for resistance to the IGF-1R inhibitor in colon tumor cells, and the combinational treatment of OSI-906 and PF-4708671 results in enhanced antiproliferation effects in colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, providing a novel venue to overcome the resistance to the IGF-1R inhibitor in treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Markey Cancer Center, College of medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hsin-Sheng Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Markey Cancer Center, College of medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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18
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Santoro MA, Andres SF, Galanko JA, Sandler RS, Keku TO, Lund PK. Reduced insulin-like growth factor I receptor and altered insulin receptor isoform mRNAs in normal mucosa predict colorectal adenoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2093-100. [PMID: 25017244 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia resulting from obesity and insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of many cancers, but the biology underlying this risk is unclear. We hypothesized that increased mRNA levels of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) versus the insulin receptor (IR) or elevated ratio of IR-A:IR-B isoforms in normal rectal mucosa would predict adenoma risk, particularly in individuals with high body mass index (BMI) or plasma insulin. METHODS Biopsies from normal rectal mucosa were obtained from consenting patients undergoing routine colonoscopy at University of North Carolina Hospitals (Chapel Hill, NC). Subjects with colorectal adenomas were classified as cases (n = 100) and were matched to adenoma-free controls (n = 98) based on age, sex, and BMI. IGFIR and IR mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR, and IR-A:IR-B mRNA ratios by standard PCR. Plasma insulin and crypt apoptosis were measured by ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. Logistic regression models examined relationships between receptor mRNAs, BMI, plasma insulin, and adenoma risk. RESULTS Unexpectedly, cases were significantly more likely to have lower IGFIR mRNA levels than controls. No overall differences in total IR mRNA or IR-A:IR-B ratios were observed between cases and controls. Interestingly, in patients with high plasma insulin, increased IR-A:IR-B ratio was associated with increased likelihood of having adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows novel findings that reduced IGFIR mRNA and, during high plasma insulin, increased IR-A:IR-B ratios in normal rectal mucosa are associated with colorectal adenoma risk. IMPACT Our work provides evidence supporting a link between IGFIR and IR isoform expression levels and colorectal adenoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agostina Santoro
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Galanko
- Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - P Kay Lund
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Tabernero J, Chawla SP, Kindler H, Reckamp K, Chiorean EG, Azad NS, Lockhart AC, Hsu CP, Baker NF, Galimi F, Beltran P, Baselga J. Anticancer activity of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor antagonist, ganitumab, in combination with the death receptor 5 agonist, conatumumab. Target Oncol 2014; 10:65-76. [PMID: 24816908 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Agents targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF1R) have shown antitumor activity. Based on the evidence for interaction between the IGF-1 and TRAIL pathways, we hypothesized that the combination of ganitumab (monoclonal antibody to IGF1R) with the pro-apoptotic death receptor 5 agonist, conatumumab, might increase antitumor response. Ganitumab and conatumumab were tested in combination in a Colo-205 xenograft model. Part 1 of the clinical study was a phase Ib program of three doses of conatumumab (1, 3, 15 mg/kg) in combination with 18 mg/kg ganitumab to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Part 2 was conducted in six cohorts with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (squamous or non-squamous histology), colorectal cancer, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, or ovarian cancer, treated at the recommended doses of the combination. The combination was significantly more active in the Colo-205 xenograft model than either single agent alone (p < 0.0015). In part 1 of the clinical study, no dose-limiting toxicities were observed and the MTD of conatumumab was 15 mg/kg in combination with 18 mg/kg ganitumab. In part 2, 78 patients were treated and there were no objective responses but 28 patients (36 %) had stable disease (median 46 days, range 0-261). The combination was well-tolerated with no new toxicities. In conclusion, the combination of ganitumab and conatumumab was well-tolerated but had no objective responses in the population tested. The successful future application of this combination of antitumor mechanisms may rely on the identification of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain,
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20
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Singh P, Alex JM, Bast F. Insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) signaling systems: novel treatment strategies for cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 31:805. [PMID: 24338270 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system, commonly known for fine-tuning numerous biological processes, has lately made its mark as a much sought-after therapeutic targets for diabetes and cancer. These receptors make an attractive anticancer target owing to their overexpression in variety of cancer especially in prostate and breast cancer. Inhibitors of IGF signaling were subjected to clinical cancer trials with the main objective to confirm the effectiveness of these receptors as a therapeutic target. However, the results that these trials produced proved to be disappointing as the role played by the cross talk between IGF and insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathways at the receptor level or at downstream signaling level became more lucid. Therapeutic strategy for IGF-1R and IR inhibition mainly encompasses three main approaches namely receptor blockade with monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibition (ATP antagonist and non-ATP antagonist), and ligand neutralization via monoclonal antibodies targeted to ligand or recombinant IGF-binding proteins. Other drug-discovery approaches are employed to target IGF-1R, and IR includes antisense oligonucleotides and recombinant IGF-binding proteins. However, therapies with monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibition targeting the IGF-1R are not evidenced to be satisfactory as expected. Factors that are duly held responsible for the unsuccessfulness of these therapies include (a) the existence of the IR isoform A overexpressed on a variety of cancers, enhancing the mitogenic signals to the nucleus leading to the endorsement of cell growth, (b) IGF-1R and IR that form hybrid receptors sensitive to the stimulation of all three IGF axis ligands, and (c) IGF-1R and IR that also have the potential to form hybrid receptors with other tyrosine kinase to potentiate the cellular transformation, tumorigenesis, and tumor vascularization. This mini review is a concerted effort to explore and fathom the well-recognized roles of the IRA signaling system in human cancer phenotype and the main strategies that have been so far evaluated to target the IR and IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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21
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Dhara A, Eum JH, Robertson A, Gulia-Nuss M, Vogel KJ, Clark KD, Graf R, Brown MR, Strand MR. Ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone functions independently of the insulin receptor in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:1100-8. [PMID: 24076067 PMCID: PMC3885182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Most mosquito species must feed on the blood of a vertebrate host to produce eggs. In the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, blood feeding triggers medial neurosecretory cells in the brain to release insulin-like peptides (ILPs) and ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH). Theses hormones thereafter directly induce the ovaries to produce ecdysteroid hormone (ECD), which activates the synthesis of yolk proteins in the fat body for uptake by oocytes. ILP3 stimulates ECD production by binding to the mosquito insulin receptor (MIR). In contrast, little is known about the mode of action of OEH, which is a member of a neuropeptide family called neuroparsin. Here we report that OEH is the only neuroparsin family member present in the Ae. aegypti genome and that other mosquitoes also encode only one neuroparsin gene. Immunoblotting experiments suggested that the full-length form of the peptide, which we call long OEH (lOEH), is processed into short OEH (sOEH). The importance of processing, however, remained unclear because a recombinant form of lOEH (rlOEH) and synthetic sOEH exhibited very similar biological activity. A series of experiments indicated that neither rlOEH nor sOEH bound to ILP3 or the MIR. Signaling studies further showed that ILP3 activated the MIR but rlOEH did not, yet both neuropeptides activated Akt, which is a marker for insulin pathway signaling. Our results also indicated that activation of TOR signaling in the ovaries required co-stimulation by amino acids and either ILP3 or rlOEH. Overall, we conclude that OEH activates the insulin signaling pathway independently of the MIR, and that insulin and TOR signaling in the ovaries is coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Dhara
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jai-Hoon Eum
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anne Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Monika Gulia-Nuss
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kevin J. Vogel
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Rolf Graf
- Pancreatitis Research Laboratory DL 34, Rämistrasse 100, Universitätsspital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark R. Brown
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Corresponding authors: Tel.: 706-542-2816; fax: 706-542-2279, (M. R. Brown), (M. R. Strand)
| | - Michael R. Strand
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Corresponding authors: Tel.: 706-542-2816; fax: 706-542-2279, (M. R. Brown), (M. R. Strand)
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Wang Q, Wei F, Lv G, Li C, Liu T, Hadjipanayis CG, Zhang G, Hao C, Bellail AC. The association of TP53 mutations with the resistance of colorectal carcinoma to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor picropodophyllin. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:521. [PMID: 24182354 PMCID: PMC3840673 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence indicating the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a critical role in the progression of human colorectal carcinomas. IGF-1R is an attractive drug target for the treatment of colon cancer. Picropodophyllin (PPP), of the cyclolignan family, has recently been identified as an IGF-1R inhibitor. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic response and mechanism after colorectal carcinoma treatment with PPP. METHODS Seven colorectal carcinoma cell lines were treated with PPP. Following treatment, cells were analyzed for growth by a cell viability assay, sub-G1 apoptosis by flow cytometry, caspase cleavage and activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by western blot analysis. To examine the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of PPP, mice implanted with human colorectal carcinoma xenografts underwent PPP treatment. RESULTS PPP treatment blocked the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, AKT and ERK and inhibited the growth of TP53 wild-type but not mutated colorectal carcinoma cell lines. The treatment of PPP also induced apoptosis in TP53 wild-type cells as evident by the presence of sub-G1 cells and the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, DNA fragmentation factor-45 (DFF45), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). The loss of BAD phosphorylation in the PPP-treated TP53 wild type cells further suggested that the treatment induced apoptosis through the BAD-mediated mitochondrial pathway. In contrast, PPP treatment failed to induce the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK and caspase cleavage in TP53 mutated colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Finally, PPP treatment suppressed the growth of xenografts derived from TP53 wild type but not mutated colorectal carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS We report the association of TP53 mutations with the resistance of treatment of colorectal carcinoma cells in culture and in a xenograft mouse model with the IGF-1R inhibitor PPP. TP53 mutations often occur in colorectal carcinomas and could be used as a biomarker to predict the resistance of colorectal carcinomas to the treatment by this IGF-1R inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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IGF-1R inhibition enhances radiosensitivity and delays double-strand break repair by both non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Oncogene 2013; 33:5262-73. [PMID: 24186206 PMCID: PMC3997348 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) enhances tumor cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. It is not clear how this effect is mediated, nor whether this approach can be applied effectively in the clinic. We previously showed that IGF-1R depletion delays repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), unlikely to be explained entirely by reduction in homologous recombination (HR) repair. The current study tested the hypothesis that IGF-1R inhibition induces a repair defect that involves non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). IGF-1R inhibitor AZ12253801 blocked cell survival and radiosensitized IGF-1R-overexpressing murine fibroblasts but not isogenic IGF-1R-null cells, supporting specificity for IGF-1R. IGF-1R inhibition enhanced radiosensitivity in DU145, PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, comparable to effects of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated inhibition. AZ12253801-treated DU145 cells showed delayed resolution of γH2AX foci, apparent within 1 h of irradiation and persisting for 24 h. In contrast, IGF-1R inhibition did not influence radiosensitivity or γH2AX focus resolution in LNCaP-LN3 cells, suggesting that radiosensitization tracks with the ability of IGF-1R to influence DSB repair. To differentiate effects on repair from growth and cell-survival responses, we tested AZ12253801 in DU145 cells at sub-SF50 concentrations that had no early (⩽48 h) effects on cell cycle distribution or apoptosis induction. Irradiated cultures contained abnormal mitoses, and after 5 days IGF-1R-inhibited cells showed enhanced radiation-induced polyploidy and nuclear fragmentation, consistent with the consequences of entry into mitosis with incompletely repaired DNA. AZ12253801 radiosensitized DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-proficient but not DNA-PK-deficient glioblastoma cells, and did not radiosensitize DNA-PK-inhibited DU145 cells, suggesting that in the context of DSB repair, IGF-1R functions in the same pathway as DNA-PK. Finally, IGF-1R inhibition attenuated repair by both NHEJ and HR in HEK293 reporter assays. These data indicate that IGF-1R influences DSB repair by both major DSB repair pathways, findings that may inform clinical application of this approach.
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Pavlicek A, Lira ME, Lee NV, Ching KA, Ye J, Cao J, Garza SJ, Hook KE, Ozeck M, Shi ST, Yuan J, Zheng X, Rejto PA, Kan JLC, Christensen JG. Molecular predictors of sensitivity to the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibitor Figitumumab (CP-751,871). Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2929-39. [PMID: 24107449 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0442-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Figitumumab (CP-751,871), a potent and fully human monoclonal anti-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) antibody, has been investigated in clinical trials of several solid tumors. To identify biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to figitumumab, its in vitro antiproliferative activity was analyzed in a panel of 93 cancer cell lines by combining in vitro screens with extensive molecular profiling of genomic aberrations. Overall response was bimodal and the majority of cell lines were resistant to figitumumab. Nine of 15 sensitive cell lines were derived from colon cancers. Correlations between genomic characteristics of cancer cell lines with figitumumab antiproliferative activity revealed that components of the IGF pathway, including IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 2) and IGFBP5 (IGF-binding protein 5), played a pivotal role in determining the sensitivity of tumors to single-agent figitumumab. Tissue-specific differences among the top predictive genes highlight the need for tumor-specific patient selection strategies. For the first time, we report that alteration or expression of the MYB oncogene is associated with sensitivity to IGF1R inhibitors. MYB is dysregulated in hematologic and epithelial tumors, and IGF1R inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic opportunity. Although growth inhibitory activity with single-agent figitumumab was relatively rare, nine combinations comprising figitumumab plus chemotherapeutic agents or other targeted agents exhibited properties of synergy. Inhibitors of the ERBB family were frequently synergistic and potential biomarkers of drug synergy were identified. Several biomarkers of antiproliferative activity of figitumumab both alone and in combination with other therapies may inform the design of clinical trials evaluating IGF1R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pavlicek
- Corresponding Author: James G. Christensen, Mirati Therapeutics, 9363 Towne Center Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121.
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Cohn AL, Tabernero J, Maurel J, Nowara E, Sastre J, Chuah BYS, Kopp MV, Sakaeva DD, Mitchell EP, Dubey S, Suzuki S, Hei YJ, Galimi F, McCaffery I, Pan Y, Loberg R, Cottrell S, Choo SP. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab or conatumumab in combination with FOLFIRI for second-line treatment of mutant KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1777-1785. [PMID: 23510984 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted agents presently available for mutant KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are bevacizumab and aflibercept. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of conatumumab (an agonistic monoclonal antibody against human death receptor 5) and ganitumab (a monoclonal antibody against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor) combined with standard FOLFIRI chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in patients with mutant KRAS mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mutant KRAS metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum refractory to fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to receive intravenous FOLFIRI plus conatumumab 10 mg/kg (Arm A), ganitumab 12 mg/kg (Arm B), or placebo (Arm C) Q2W. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS In total, 155 patients were randomized. Median PFS in Arms A, B, and C was 6.5 months (HR, 0.69; P = 0.147), 4.5 months (HR, 1.01; P = 0.998), and 4.6 months, respectively; median overall survival was 12.3 months (HR, 0.89; P = 0.650), 12.4 months (HR, 1.27; P = 0.357), and 12.0 months; and objective response rate was 14%, 8%, and 2%. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events in Arms A/B/C included neutropenia (30%/25%/18%) and diarrhea (18%/2%/10%). CONCLUSIONS Conatumumab, but not ganitumab, plus FOLFIRI was associated with a trend toward improved PFS. Both combinations had acceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cohn
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Denver, USA.
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - J Maurel
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Nowara
- Maria Skodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Sastre
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Servicio de Oncologíca Medíca, Madrid, and Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Y S Chuah
- Department of Internal Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M V Kopp
- Samara Regional Oncology Dispensary, Samara
| | - D D Sakaeva
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia
| | - E P Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia
| | - S Dubey
- Amgen Inc., South San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S-P Choo
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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Qian X, Yu J, Yin Y, He J, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang LQ, Li CY, Shi ZM, Xu Q, Li W, Lai LH, Liu LZ, Jiang BH. MicroRNA-143 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis and sensitizes chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancers. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1385-94. [PMID: 23574723 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancer-related causes of death in the world. Recently, downregulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) has been observed in CRC tissues. Here in this study, we found that miR-143 expression was downregulated both in CRC patients' blood samples and tumor specimens. MiR-143 expression levels were strongly correlated with clinical stages and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), a known oncogene, was a novel direct target of miR-143, whose expression levels were inversely correlated with miR-143 expression in human CRC specimens. Overexpression of miR-143 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth and angiogenesis and increased chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin treatment in an IGF-IR-dependent manner. Taken together, these results revealed that miR-143 levels in human blood and tumor tissues are associated with CRC cancer occurrence, metastasis and drug resistance, and miR-143 levels may be used as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- Department of Pathology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Arcaro A. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in human cancer. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:30. [PMID: 23525758 PMCID: PMC3605519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays a crucial role in human cancer and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is an attractive drug target against which a variety of novel anti-tumor agents are being developed. Deregulation of the IGF signaling pathway frequently occurs in human cancer and involves the establishment of autocrine loops comprising IGF-1 or IGF-2 and/or IGF-1R over-expression. Epidemiologic studies have documented a link between elevated IGF levels and the development of solid tumors, such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Anti-cancer strategies targeting the IGF signaling system involve two main approaches, namely neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors of the IGF-1R kinase activity. There are numerous reports describing anti-tumor activity of these agents in pre-clinical models of major human cancers. In addition, multiple clinical trials have started to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selected IGF-1R inhibitors, in combination with standard chemotherapeutic regimens or other targeted agents in cancer patients. In this mini review, I will discuss the role of the IGF signaling system in human cancer and the main strategies which have been so far evaluated to target the IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arcaro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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Macaulay VM, Middleton MR, Protheroe AS, Tolcher A, Dieras V, Sessa C, Bahleda R, Blay JY, LoRusso P, Mery-Mignard D, Soria JC. Phase I study of humanized monoclonal antibody AVE1642 directed against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), administered in combination with anticancer therapies to patients with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:784-91. [PMID: 23104723 PMCID: PMC3574548 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) mediates resistance to chemotherapy and targeted agents. This study assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tolerability of humanized IGF-1R antibody AVE1642 with other cancer treatments. PATIENTS Patients with advanced solid tumors received three weekly AVE1642 dosed at 6 mg/kg, chosen following previous study, with 75 (cohort A) or 100 mg/m(2) (B) docetaxel, 1250 mg/m(2) gemcitabine/100 mg erlotinib (C1), or 60 mg/m(2) doxorubicin (D1). Blood samples were assayed for PK, IGFs, and IGF-BP3. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients received 317 AVE1642 infusions. The commonest adverse events were diarrhea (37/58 patients), asthenia (34/58), nausea (30/58), and stomatitis (21/58). Dose-limiting toxic effects in cohorts C1 (diarrhea) and D1 (neutropenia) prompted addition of cohorts C2 (1000 mg/m(2) gemcitabine/75 mg erlotinib) and D2 (50 mg/m(2) doxorubicin). Grade 3-4 hyperglycemia (three cases) accompanied steroid premedication for docetaxel administration. No PK interactions were detected. There were three partial responses in cohorts B (melanoma) and C (leiomyosarcoma, two cases) and 22 stabilizations ≥12 weeks, giving a control rate of 25/57 (44%). On treatment IGF-II rose by 68 ± 25 ng/ml in patients discontinuing treatment <12 weeks, and fell by 55.5 ± 21 ng/ml with disease control (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION AVE1642 was tolerable with 75-100 mg/m(2) docetaxel and 1000 mg/m(2) gemcitabine/75 mg erlotinib, achieving durable disease control in 44%, with an association between IGF-II and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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Depletion of the type 1 IGF receptor delays repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. Radiother Oncol 2012; 103:402-9. [PMID: 22551565 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IGF-1R depletion sensitizes prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging cytotoxic drugs. This study investigated the hypothesis that IGF-1R regulates DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. METHODS We tested effects of IGF-1R siRNA transfection on the repair of radiation-induced DSBs by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for γH2AX, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Homologous recombination (HR) was quantified by reporter assays, and cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. RESULTS We confirmed that IGF-1R depletion sensitized DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation. DU145 control transfectants resolved radiation-induced DSBs within 24 h, while IGF-1R depleted cells contained 30-40% unrepaired breaks at 24 h. IGF-1R depletion induced significant reduction in DSB repair by HR, although the magnitude of the repair defect suggests additional contributory factors. Radiation-induced G2-M arrest was attenuated by IGF-1R depletion, potentially suppressing cell cycle-dependent processes required for HR. In contrast, IGF-1R depletion induced only minor radiosensitization in LNCaP cells, and did not influence repair. Cell cycle profiles were similar to DU145, so were unlikely to account for differences in repair responses. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a role for IGF-1R in DSB repair, at least in part via HR, and support use of IGF-1R inhibitors with DNA damaging cancer treatments.
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King ER, Wong KK. Insulin-like growth factor: current concepts and new developments in cancer therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2012; 7:14-30. [PMID: 21875414 PMCID: PMC3724215 DOI: 10.2174/157489212798357930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) play an important role in cancer. This intricate and complex signaling pathway provides many opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and several novel therapeutics aimed at the IGF-1R, particularly monoclonal antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are under clinical investigation. This article provides a patent overview of the IGF signaling pathway and its complexity, addresses the justification for the use of IGF-1R-targeted therapy, and reviews the results of in vivo and in vitro novel therapeutics. Over the past year, the completion of several phase I, II, and III trials have provided interesting new information about the clinical activity of these novel compounds, particularly CP-751,871, IMC-A12, R1507, AMG-479, AVE-1642, MK-0646, XL-228, OSI-906, and BMS-754807. We review the important preliminary results from clinical trials with these compounds and conclude with a discussion about future therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R King
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Ozkan EE. Plasma and tissue insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer and anti-IGF-IR agents as novel therapeutic strategy for refractory cases: a review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 344:1-24. [PMID: 21782884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer database analysis indicates that prostate cancer is one of the most seen cancers in men meanwhile composing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among developed countries. Current available therapies are surgery, radiotherapy and androgene ablation for prostate carcinoma. The response rate is as high nearly 90% however, most of these recur or become refractory and androgene independent (AI). Therefore recent studies intensified on molecular factors playing role on development of prostate carcinoma and novel treatment strategies targetting these factors and their receptors. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its primary receptor insulin-like growth factor receptor-I (IGF-IR) are among these factors. Biologic functions and role in malign progression are primarily achieved via IGF-IR which is a type 2 tyrosine kinase receptor. IGF-IR plays an important role in mitogenesis, angiogenesis, transformation, apoptosis and cell motility. It also generates intensive proliferative signals leading to carcinogenesis in prostate tissue. So IGF-IR and its associated signalling system have provoked considerable interest over recent years as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. In this paper it is aimed to sum up the lately published literature searching the relation of IGF-IR and prostate cancer in terms of incidence, pathologic features, and prognosis. This is followed by a discussion of the different possible targets within the IGF-1R system, and drugs developed to interact at each target. A systems-based approach is then used to review the in vitro and in vivo data in the published literature of the following compounds targeting IGF-1R components using specific examples: growth hormone releasing hormone antagonists (e.g. JV-1-38), growth hormone receptor antagonists (e.g. pegvisomant), IGF-1R antibodies (e.g. CP-751,871, AVE1642/EM164, IMC-A12, SCH-717454, BIIB022, AMG 479, MK-0646/h7C10), and IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. BMS-536942, BMS-554417, NVP-AEW541, NVP-ADW742, AG1024, potent quinolinyl-derived imidazo (1,5-a)pyrazine PQIP, picropodophyllin PPP, nordihydroguaiaretic acid Insm-18/NDGA). And the other end point is to yield an overview on the recent progress about usage of this receptor as a novel anticancer agent of targeted therapies in treatment of prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Elif Ozkan
- OSM Middle East Health Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sanliurfa 63000, Turkey.
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Enhancement of doxorubicin cytotoxicity of human cancer cells by tyrosine kinase inhibition of insulin receptor and type I IGF receptor. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 133:117-26. [PMID: 21850397 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) contributes to cancer cell biology. Disruption of IGF1R signaling alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. Our laboratory has shown that sequential treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) and anti-IGF1R antibodies significantly enhanced the response to chemotherapy. In this study, we examined whether inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor family would also enhance chemotherapy response. Cis-3-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-cyclobutyl]-1-(2-phenyl-quinolin-7-yl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-ylamine (PQIP) inhibited IGF1R and insulin receptor (InsR) kinase activity and downstream activation of ERK1/2 and Akt in MCF-7 and LCC6 cancer cells. PQIP inhibited both monolayer growth and anchorage-independent growth in a dose-dependent manner. PQIP did not induce apoptosis, but rather, PQIP treatment was associated with an increase in autophagy. We examined whether sequential or combination therapy of PQIP with DOX could enhance growth inhibition. PQIP treatment together with DOX or DOX followed by PQIP significantly inhibited anchorage-independent growth in MCF-7 and LCC6 cells compared to single agent alone. In contrast, pre-treatment with PQIP followed by DOX did not enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX in vitro. Furthermore, OSI-906, a PQIP derivative, inhibited IGF-I signaling in LCC6 xenograft tumors in vivo. When given once a week, simultaneous administration of OSI-906 and DOX significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of DOX. In summary, these results suggest that timing and duration of the IGF1R/InsR tyrosine kinase inhibitors with chemotherapeutic agents should be evaluated in clinical trials. Long-term disruption of IGF1R/InsR may not be necessary when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Kotowski A, Ma WW. Emerging therapies in pancreas cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2011; 2:93-103. [PMID: 22811835 PMCID: PMC3397600 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2011.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreas cancer has a grave prognosis and treatment options remain limited despite advancement in anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. This review provides an overview of the emerging therapies for pancreas cancer, focusing on novel signal transduction inhibitors (insulin-like growth factor receptor, hedgehog/Smo, PI3k/Akt/mTOR) and cytotoxics (nab-paclitaxel) that are currently in clinical development. Despite the impact molecularly targeted agents have on other tumor types, their application without cytotoxics in pancreas cancer remains limited. In addition, recent report of the superiority of an intensive cytotoxic regimen using fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) over gemcitabine reminded us of the importance of cytotoxics in this disease. As such, the future of pancreas cancer therapy may be combination regimens consisting of cytotoxics and molecularly targeted agents.
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