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Park-Min KH, Mun SH, Bockman R, McDonald MM. New Horizons: Translational Aspects of Osteomorphs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1373-e1378. [PMID: 38060842 PMCID: PMC11031245 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteomorphs are a newly described osteoclast lineage cell in mice, which are suggested to play a significant role in the maintenance of bone resorption. Preclinical investigations revealed that osteomorphs are generated through the fission of multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and can also re-fuse with existing osteoclasts. Modifications to RANKL signaling have been shown to alter cycles of fission and re-fusion of osteomorphs in mice. These novel findings were also shown to contribute to the rebound phenomenon after cessation of anti-RANKL therapy in mice. Moreover, the absence of osteomorph-specific genes in mice exhibits bone structural and quality phenotypes. Given these insights, it could be speculated that osteomorphs play a significant role in bone homeostasis, bone metabolic diseases, and response to therapeutics. In this review, we discuss these potential translational roles for osteomorphs. Importantly, we highlight the need for future preclinical and clinical studies to verify the presence of osteomorphs in humans and explore further the translational implications of this discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Se Hwan Mun
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women's University, 140-742 Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard Bockman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Endocrine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Coelingh Bennink HJT, Stanczyk FZ. Progesterone and not estrogens or androgens causes breast cancer. Climacteric 2024; 27:217-222. [PMID: 38197401 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2292073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern CA, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abdulrahman SJ, Abdulhadi MA, Turki Jalil A, Falah D, Merza MS, Almulla AF, Ali A, Ali RT. Conjugated linoleic acid and glucosamine supplements may prevent bone loss in aging by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10579-10588. [PMID: 37932498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is a living organ that undergoes constant changes, including bone formation and resorption. It is affected by various diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteomalacia. Nowadays, several methods are applied to protect bone health, including the use of hormonal and non-hormonal medications and supplements. However, certain drugs like glucocorticoids, thiazolidinediones, heparin, anticonvulsants, chemotherapy, and proton pump inhibitors can endanger bone health and cause bone loss. New studies are exploring the use of supplements, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and glucosamine, with fewer side effects during treatment. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the effects of CLA and glucosamine on bone structure, both direct and indirect. One mechanism that deserves special attention is the regulatory effect of RANKL/RANK/OPG on bone turnover. The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is considered a motive for osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. The cytokine system, consisting of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), plays a vital role in bone turnover. Over the past few years, researchers have observed the impact of CLA and glucosamine on the RANKL/RANK/OPG mechanism of bone turnover. However, no comprehensive study has been published on these supplements and their mechanism. To address this gap in knowledge, we have critically reviewed their potential effects. This review aims to assist in developing efficient treatment strategies and focusing future studies on these supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Dumooa Falah
- National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Muna S Merza
- Prosthetic dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ronak Taher Ali
- College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
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Kim KM, Kim S, Hwang H, Kim HY, Kim D, Park JH, Choo H, Kim JW. Effects of daily versus weekly teriparatide for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A case-control study. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37927178 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is uncommon but can result in severe destruction of the jaw. This case-control study investigated the therapeutic effects of daily or weekly administration of teriparatide in the management of MRONJ using a cohort for osteonecrosis of the jaw. METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with MRONJ and consented to teriparatide administration were assigned either to a group of daily injection or of weekly injection and completed a 4-week course of injection preoperatively and at least an 8-week course postoperatively. The control group received either the intraoperative rhBMP treatment (CG_BMP) or no additional perioperative treatment (CG_noBMP). The state of MRONJ was evaluated 2 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) postoperatively for all participants. RESULTS Either group of daily injection (8.35 weeks ± 1.58; n = 17) or weekly injection (9.17 ± 3.79; n = 12) showed significantly faster healing than those of CG_BMP (14.40 ± 6.08; n = 25) or CG_noBMP (15.79 ± 9.79; n = 39). MRONJ was resolved completely in 24 out of 29 participants who completed the course of teriparatide injections, whereas 46.9% of CG showed delayed resolution. Multiple regression analysis indicated 7.50 times (95% CI, 1.77-31.82) more likelihood of complete resolution of MRONJ for participants with teriparatide injections. CONCLUSION A course of daily or weekly administration of teriparatide injections may improve treatment outcomes for patients with MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
| | - Sehyang Kim
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hey-Yun Kim
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HyeRan Choo
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Maxillofacial and Airway Orthodontics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Project for Korean National Cohort for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mi B, Xiong Y, Zha K, Cao F, Zhou W, Abbaszadeh S, Ouyang L, Liao Y, Hu W, Dai G, Zhao Z, Feng Q, Shahbazi MA, Liu G. Immune homeostasis modulation by hydrogel-guided delivery systems: a tool for accelerated bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6035-6059. [PMID: 37522328 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00544e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is delicately mediated by the dynamic balance between effector immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Local deviations from immune homeostasis in the microenvironment of bone fractures, caused by an increased ratio of effector to regulatory cues, can lead to excessive inflammatory conditions and hinder bone regeneration. Therefore, achieving effective and localized immunomodulation of bone fractures is crucial for successful bone regeneration. Recent research has focused on developing localized and specific immunomodulatory strategies using local hydrogel-based delivery systems. In this review, we aim to emphasize the significant role of immune homeostasis in bone regeneration, explore local hydrogel-based delivery systems, discuss emerging trends in immunomodulation for enhancing bone regeneration, and address the limitations of current delivery strategies along with the challenges of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lizhi Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weixian Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guandong Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou 441300, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Tufail M, Wu C. RANK pathway in cancer: underlying resistance and therapeutic approaches. J Chemother 2023; 35:369-382. [PMID: 36200617 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases despite advances in treatment. Metastatic cancers are the leading cause of death for advanced cancer patients. Those with advanced cancer with osteolytic-type bone metastases have a significantly lower quality of life. A novel treatment plan is needed now more than ever for breast cancer patients with bone metastases. There are shreds of evidence that cancer cells in the bloodstream interact with the bone microenvironment and that this interaction is a contributing component to breast cancer progression. Preventing any stage of this cycle can result in anti-metastasis effects. Since RANKL interacts with its receptor RANK and plays an important role in the vicious cycle, it has proven to be a successful therapeutic target in cancer treatment. As a result, we have presented a complete overview of the RANK pathway in cancer and discussed RANK signaling and tumor microenvironment, and potential therapeutic approaches in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Kuvshinova EA, Petrakova NV, Nikitina YO, Sviridova IK, Akhmedova SA, Kirsanova VA, Karalkin PA, Komlev VS, Sergeeva NS, Kaprin AD. Functionalization of Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Graft with Cisplatin and Zoledronic Acid: Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11633. [PMID: 37511391 PMCID: PMC10380611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones are the fourth most frequent site of metastasis from malignant tumors, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, etc. The bioavailability of bone tissue for chemotherapy drugs is extremely low. This requires a search for new approaches of targeted drug delivery to the tumor growth zone after surgery treatment. The aim of this work was to develop a method for octacalcium phosphate (OCP) bone graft functionalization with the cytostatic drug cisplatin to provide the local release of its therapeutic concentrations into the bone defect. OCP porous ceramic granules (OCP ceramics) were used as a platform for functionalization, and bisphosphonate zoledronic acid was used to mediate the interaction between cisplatin and OCP and enhance their binding strength. The obtained OCP materials were studied using scanning electron and light microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, atomic emission spectroscopy, and real-time PCR. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed on normal and tumor cell lines and small laboratory animals. The bioactivity of initial OCP ceramics was explored and the efficiency of OCP functionalization with cisplatin, zoledronic acid, and their combination was evaluated. The kinetics of drug release and changes in ceramics properties after functionalization were studied. It was established that zoledronic acid changed the physicochemical and bioactive properties of OCP ceramics and prolonged cisplatin release from the ceramics. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity, as well as cytostatic and antitumor properties of the obtained materials. The use of OCP ceramics functionalized with a cytostatic via the described method seems to be promising in clinics when primary or metastatic tumors of the bone tissue are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Kuvshinova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Petrakova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninsky Avenue 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia O Nikitina
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninsky Avenue 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina K Sviridova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Suraja A Akhmedova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A Kirsanova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Karalkin
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Komlev
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninsky Avenue 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Sergeeva
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklay Str., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Chen Y, Guo ZN, He RQ, Huang ZG, Luo JY, Tang W, Huang SN, Chen G. How has the field of metastatic breast cancer in bones evolved over the past 22 years? J Bone Oncol 2023; 40:100480. [PMID: 37251089 PMCID: PMC10209145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although knowledge on metastatic breast cancer in bones (MBCB) has increased rapidly over the past 22 years, a comprehensive and objective bibliometric analysis is still lacking. Materials and methods We used R, VOSviewer, and Citespace software to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 5,497 papers on MBCB from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) using author, institution, country/region, citation, and keyword indicators. Results A general strong sense of scholarly collaboration was noted in the MBCB field at the author, research institution, and country/region levels. We discovered some outstanding authors and highly productive institutions, but with less collaboration with other academic groups. Unbalanced and uncoordinated developments were observed among countries/regions in the field of MBCB research. We also found that by using various indicators and applying different analysis methods to them, we were able to broadly identify primary clinical practices, relevant clinical experiments, and directions for bioinformatics regarding MBCB, changes over the past 22 years, and current challenges in the field. The development of knowledge on MBCB is progressing greatly; however, MBCB is still incurable. Conclusion This study is the first to use bibliometrics to provide an overall analysis of the scientific output of MBCB studies. Palliative therapies for MBCB are mostly in a mature state. However, research on the molecular mechanisms and immune response to tumors related to the development of treatments to cure MBCB remains relatively immature. Therefore, further research should be undertaken in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ning Guo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Jia-Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Rd, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, PR China
| | - Su-Ning Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Rd, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
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Muggeo P, Grassi M, D'Ascanio V, Brescia V, Fontana A, Piacente L, Di Serio F, Giordano P, Faienza MF, Santoro N. Bone Remodeling Markers in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Intensive Chemotherapy: The Screenshot of a Biochemical Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092554. [PMID: 37174020 PMCID: PMC10177249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to investigate the effects of intensive chemotherapy and glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on bone remodeling markers in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 39 ALL children (aged 7.64 ± 4.47) and 49 controls (aged 8.7 ± 4.7 years). Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and sclerostin were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using the principal component analysis (PCA) to study patterns of associations in bone markers. RESULTS ALL patients showed significantly higher OPG, RANKL, OC, CTX, and TRACP5b than the controls (p ≤ 0.02). Considering ALL group, we found a strong positive correlation among OC, TRACP5b, P1NP, CTX, and PTH (r = 0.43-0.69; p < 0.001); between CTX and P1NP (r = 0.5; p = 0.001); and between P1NP and TRAcP (r = 0.63; p < 0.001). The PCA revealed OC, CTX, and P1NP as the main markers explaining the variability of the ALL cohort. CONCLUSIONS Children with ALL showed a signature of bone resorption. The assessment of bone biomarkers could help identify ALL individuals who are most at risk of developing bone damage and who need preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Muggeo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Policlinic, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Grassi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Policlinic, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito D'Ascanio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fontana
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University "A. Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Serio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University "A. Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Policlinic, 70124 Bari, Italy
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10
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Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235727. [PMID: 36497209 PMCID: PMC9738274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibiting bone metastasis (such as bisphosphate and denosumab) alleviate bone destruction and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, and the specific biological mechanism of bone metastasis is incompletely understood. Additional basic and clinical studies are urgently needed, to further explore the mechanism of bone metastasis and develop new therapeutic drugs. This review presents a summary of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of bone metastasis of breast cancer, aiming to improve the quality of life and prognosis of breast cancer patients and provide a reference for future research directions.
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Trivedi MS, Arber N, Friedman E, Garber JE, Holcomb K, Horowitz NS, Wright JD, Lee JJ, Vornik LA, Abutaseh S, Castile T, Sauter ER, Dimond E, Heckman-Stoddard BM, House M, Samimi G, Brown PH, Crew KD. Lessons from the Failure to Complete a Trial of Denosumab in Women With a Pathogenic BRCA1/2 Variant Scheduling Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:721-726. [PMID: 36001346 PMCID: PMC10441620 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Female carriers of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) BRCA1/2 variants are at increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Currently, the only effective strategy for ovarian cancer risk reduction is risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RR-BSO), which carries adverse effects related to early menopause. There is ongoing investigation of inhibition of the RANK ligand (RANKL) with denosumab as a means of chemoprevention for breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 P/LP variants. Through the NCI Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) Early Phase Clinical Trials Prevention Consortia, a presurgical pilot study of denosumab was developed in premenopausal carriers of P/LP BRCA1/2 variants scheduled for RR-BSO with the goal of collecting valuable data on the biologic effects of denosumab on gynecologic tissue. The study was terminated early due to the inability to accrue participants. Challenges which impacted the conduct of this study included a study design with highly selective eligibility criteria and requirements and the COVID-19 pandemic. It is critical to reflect on these issues to enhance the successful completion of future prevention studies in individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadir Arber
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University Medical School, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Jason D. Wright
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J. Jack Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lana A. Vornik
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Saba Abutaseh
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tawana Castile
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward R. Sauter
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eileen Dimond
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Margaret House
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Goli Samimi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Powel H. Brown
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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12
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Qin S, Liu X, Liu K, Xin P, Zhao W, Yuan H, Lang N. Prognostic Value and Quantitative CT Analysis in RANKL Expression of Spinal GCTB in the Denosumab Era: A Machine Learning Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5201. [PMID: 36358621 PMCID: PMC9658803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is the therapeutic target of denosumab. In this study, we evaluated whether radiomics signature and machine learning analysis can predict RANKL status in spinal giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB). This retrospective study consisted of 107 patients, including a training set (n = 82) and a validation set (n = 25). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to validate the prognostic value of RANKL status. Radiomic feature extraction of three heterogeneous regions (VOIentire, VOIedge, and VOIcore) from pretreatment CT were performed. Followed by feature selection using Selected K Best and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, three classifiers (random forest (RF), support vector machine, and logistic regression) were used to build models. The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, F1 score, recall, precision, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the models' performance. Classification of 75 patients with eligible follow-up based on RANKL status resulted in a significant difference in progression-free survival (p = 0.035). VOIcore-based RF classifier performs best. Using this model, the AUCs for the training and validation cohorts were 0.880 and 0.766, respectively. In conclusion, a machine learning approach based on CT radiomic features could discriminate prognostically significant RANKL status in spinal GCTB, which may ultimately aid clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongye Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Research and Development, United Imaging Intelligence (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Yongteng North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
- Beijing United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, Yongteng North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peijin Xin
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huishu Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Lang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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13
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Palmerini E, Pazzaglia L, Cevolani L, Pratelli L, Pierini M, Quattrini I, Carretta E, Manara MC, Pasello M, Frega G, Paioli A, Longhi A, Cesari M, Hakim R, Ibrahim T, Campanacci L, Staals EL, Donati DM, Benassi MS, Scotlandi K, Ferrari S. Bone Turnover Marker (BTM) Changes after Denosumab in Giant Cell Tumors of Bone (GCTB): A Phase II Trial Correlative Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122863. [PMID: 35740530 PMCID: PMC9220940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are osteolytic tumors. Denosumab, a RANK-L inhibitor, is approved for GCTB. Data on serum bone turnover marker (sBTM) changes are lacking. We present a phase II correlative study on sBTMs in GCTB patients treated with denosumab. Methods: All GCTB patients receiving denosumab within a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study were enrolled. Serum levels of carboxyterminal-crosslinked-telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-alkaline phosphatase (bALP), parathyroid hormone (sPTH), and osteocalcin (OCN) were prospectively assessed (baseline, T0, 3 months, T1, 6 months, T2). The primary endpoint was assessment of sBTM changes after denosumab; the secondary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and sBTM correlation. Results: In 54 cases, sBTMs decreased during denosumab treatment except for sPTH. With a median follow-up of 59 months, 3-year DFS was 65% (%CI 52−79), with a significantly worse outcome for patients with high (≥500 UI/mL) s-CTX at baseline, as compared to low s-CTX (<500 UI/mL) (3-year DFS for high CTX 45% (95%CI 23−67) vs. 75% (95%CI 59−91) for low s-CTX. Higher median ALP and s-CTX were found for patients with tumor size ≥ 5 cm (p = 0.0512; p = 0.0589). Conclusion: Denosumab induces ALP/OCN and s-CTX reduction. High baseline s-CTX identifies a group of patients at higher risk of progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Palmerini
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.M.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Luca Cevolani
- Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (E.L.S.); (D.M.D.)
| | - Loredana Pratelli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Michela Pierini
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Irene Quattrini
- Scientific Direction IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elisa Carretta
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.M.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Michela Pasello
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.M.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Anna Paioli
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Alessandra Longhi
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Marilena Cesari
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Rossella Hakim
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Laura Campanacci
- Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (E.L.S.); (D.M.D.)
| | - Eric Lodewijk Staals
- Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (E.L.S.); (D.M.D.)
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (E.L.S.); (D.M.D.)
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.M.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.M.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (R.H.); (T.I.); (S.F.)
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14
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Xia YY, Kotsopoulos J. Beyond the pill: contraception and the prevention of hereditary ovarian cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:21. [PMID: 35668475 PMCID: PMC9169328 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers face an elevated lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives have been shown to significantly decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by approximately 50% in this high-risk population. Changes in contraceptive formulations and patterns of use over time have introduced lower hormonal dosages, different steroid types and non-oral routes of administration. Specifically, there has been a considerable shift in patterns of contraceptive use and the increase in the uptake of non-oral, long-acting, reversible contraception (e.g., intrauterine devices, implants, injections) has corresponded to a decline in oral contraceptive pill use. Whether or not these other methods confer a protective effect against ovarian cancer in the general population is not clear. To our knowledge, there have been no such studies conducted among BRCA mutation carriers. Furthermore, the impact of these changes on the risk of developing ovarian cancer is not known. In this article, we will review the existing epidemiologic evidence regarding the role of contraceptives and the risk of ovarian cancer with a focus on women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. We will discuss recent findings and gaps in the knowledge while extrapolating from studies conducted among women from the noncarrier population.
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15
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Ferroptosis - A new target of osteoporosis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Mintz R, Wang M, Xu S, Colditz GA, Markovic C, Toriola AT. Hormone and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) pathway gene expression in plasma and mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:28. [PMID: 35422057 PMCID: PMC9008951 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormones impact breast tissue proliferation. Studies investigating the associations of circulating hormone levels with mammographic breast density have reported conflicting results. Due to the limited number of studies, we investigated the associations of hormone gene expression as well as their downstream mediators within the plasma with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. Methods We recruited postmenopausal women at their annual screening mammogram at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. We used the NanoString nCounter platform to quantify gene expression of hormones (prolactin, progesterone receptor (PGR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1 and STAT5), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) pathway markers (RANK, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, TNFRSF18, and TNFRSF13B) in plasma. We used Volpara to measure volumetric percent density, dense volume, and non-dense volume. Linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used to evaluate associations between gene expression (linear fold change) and mammographic breast density. Results One unit increase in ESR1, RANK, and TNFRSF18 gene expression was associated with 8% (95% CI 0–15%, p value = 0.05), 10% (95% CI 0–20%, p value = 0.04) and % (95% CI 0–9%, p value = 0.04) higher volumetric percent density, respectively. There were no associations between gene expression of other markers and volumetric percent density. One unit increase in osteoprotegerin and PGR gene expression was associated with 12% (95% CI 4–19%, p value = 0.003) and 7% (95% CI 0–13%, p value = 0.04) lower non-dense volume, respectively. Conclusion These findings provide new insight on the associations of plasma hormonal and RANK pathway gene expression with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women and require confirmation in other studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01522-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mintz
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chris Markovic
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63018, USA
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Li B, Wang P, Jiao J, Wei H, Xu W, Zhou P. Roles of the RANKL-RANK Axis in Immunity-Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment of Bone Metastasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824117. [PMID: 35386705 PMCID: PMC8977491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial amount patients with cancer will develop bone metastases, with 70% of metastatic prostate and breast cancer patients harboring bone metastasis. Despite advancements in systemic therapies for advanced cancer, survival remains poor for those with bone metastases. The interaction between bone cells and the immune system contributes to a better understanding of the role that the immune system plays in the bone metastasis of cancer. The immune and bone systems share various molecules, including transcription factors, signaling molecules, and membrane receptors, which can stimulate the differentiation and activation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The process of cancer metastasis to bone, which deregulates bone turnover and results in bone loss and skeletal-related events (SREs), is also controlled by primary cancer-related factors that modulate the intratumoral microenvironment as well as cellular immune process. The nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) are key regulators of osteoclast development, bone metabolism, lymph node development, and T-cell/dendritic cell communication. RANKL is an osteoclastogenic cytokine that links the bone and the immune system. In this review, we highlight the role of RANKL and RANK in the immune microenvironment and bone metastases and review data on the role of the regulatory mechanism of immunity in bone metastases, which could be verified through clinical efficacy of RANKL inhibitors for cancer patients with bone metastases. With the discovery of the specific role of RANK signaling in osteoclastogenesis, the humanized monoclonal antibody against RANKL, such as denosumab, was available to prevent bone loss, SREs, and bone metastases, providing a unique opportunity to target RANKL/RANK as a future strategy to prevent bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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A Tailored Approach for Appendicular Impending and Pathologic Fractures in Solid Cancer Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040893. [PMID: 35205641 PMCID: PMC8870648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with bone metastases often suffer with complications, such as bone fractures, which have a substantial negative impact on clinical outcomes. To optimize clinical results, a tailored approach should be defined for managing impending or pathologic fractures in each individual case. The ability to control systemic disease, the extent, location and nature of bone metastases, and the biology of the underlying tumor, are the main factors that will define the strategy to follow. Abstract Advances in medical and surgical treatment have played a major role in increasing the survival rates of cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. The clinical course of patients with bone metastases is often impaired by bone complications, such as bone fractures, which have a substantial negative impact on clinical outcomes. To optimize clinical results and prevent a detrimental impact on patients’ health, a tailored approach should be defined for any given patient. The optimal management of impending or pathologic fractures is unknown and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to tailor clinical decisions to each individual patient. The ability to control systemic disease, the extent, location and nature of bone metastases, and the biology of the underlying tumor, are the main factors that will define the strategy to follow. The present review covers the most recent data regarding impending and pathologic fractures in patients with bone metastases, and discusses the medical and surgical management of patients presenting with metastatic bone disease in different clinical settings.
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19
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Rajakumar SA, Grandal I, Minden MD, Hitzler JK, Guidos CJ, Danska JS. Targeted blockade of immune mechanisms inhibit B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell invasion of the central nervous system. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100470. [PMID: 35028611 PMCID: PMC8714910 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) dissemination to the central nervous system (CNS) is a challenging clinical problem whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that primary human ALL samples injected into the femora of immunodeficient mice migrate to the skull and vertebral bone marrow and provoke bone lesions that enable passage into the subarachnoid space. Treatment of leukemia xenografted mice with a biologic antagonist of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) blocks this entry route. In addition to erosion of cranial and vertebral bone, samples from individuals with B-ALL also penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier of recipient mice. Co-administration of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and RANKL antagonists attenuate both identified routes of entry. Our findings suggest that targeted RANKL and CXCR4 pathway inhibitors could attenuate routes of leukemia blast CNS invasion and provide benefit for B-ALL-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeetha A. Rajakumar
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ildiko Grandal
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mark D. Minden
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Johann K. Hitzler
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jayne S. Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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20
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Brozovich A, Garmezy B, Pan T, Wang L, Farach-Carson MC, Satcher RL. All bone metastases are not created equal: Revisiting treatment resistance in renal cell carcinoma. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100399. [PMID: 34745857 PMCID: PMC8551072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney, representing 80-90% of renal neoplasms, and is associated with a five-year overall survival rate of approximately 74%. The second most common site of metastasis is bone. As patients are living longer due to new RCC targeting agents and immunotherapy, RCC bone metastases (RCCBM) treatment failure is more prevalent. Bone metastasis formation in RCC is indicative of a more aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Osteolysis is a prominent feature and causes SRE, including pathologic fractures. Bone metastasis from other tumors such as lung, breast, and prostate cancer, are more effectively treated with bisphosphonates and denosumab, thereby decreasing the need for palliative surgical intervention. Resistance to these antiresportives in RCCBM reflects unique cellular and molecular mechanisms in the bone microenvironment that promote progression via inhibition of the anabolic reparative response. Identification of critical mechanisms underlying RCCBM induced anabolic impairment could provide needed insight into how to improve treatment outcomes for patients with RCCBM, with the goals of minimizing progression that necessitates palliative surgery and improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Brozovich
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Garmezy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianhong Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UT Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L. Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Li X, Cheng J, Dong B, Yu X, Zhao X, Zhou Z. Common Variants of the OPG gene Are Associated with Osteoporosis Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:600-610. [PMID: 34515523 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway plays a critical role in osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. The associations between sequence variants of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and osteoporosis risk have been widely investigated but remain inconclusive. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between OPG gene variants and osteoporosis risk. Methods: We searched electronic databases and included studies meeting inclusion criteria. The genetic associations of four common OPG variants, A163G, T245G, T950C, and G1181C, with osteoporosis risk were explored. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for multiple genetic models. Subgroup analyses including ethnicity, gender, menopausal status, sample size, and control source were also performed. Results: Twenty-six studies comprising 4879 osteoporosis cases and 5708 controls were included. The A163G variant was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis under both the allelic (G vs. A: OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.29-1.64, p < 0.001) and dominant models (GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.29-1.70, p < 0.001). Significant associations were also found between the T245G variant and osteoporosis risk. In addition, we observed a reduced risk of osteoporosis in women with the CC genotype at T950C (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.89, p = 0.001) and among Caucasians with the GG or CG genotypes at the G1181C locus (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.94, p = 0.010). In postmenopausal women, only the GG/GA genotypes at the A163G variant were more predisposed to osteoporosis (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.71), whereas CC/CG carriers of G1181C locus may have reduced risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.66-1.03). Conclusions: Common variants of the OPG gene are associated with osteoporosis risk, especially in the Caucasian population and in the female subgroup. These genetic markers could potentially be used as predictive markers for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Junwen Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Laboratory Department, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Zhikang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
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Effects of Extracellular Osteoanabolic Agents on the Endogenous Response of Osteoblastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092383. [PMID: 34572032 PMCID: PMC8471159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal extracellular environmental properties are critical for bone regeneration and inextricably linked to the mechanical and biological states of bone. It is interesting to note that the microstructure of bone depends not only on genetic determinants (which control the bone remodeling loop through autocrine and paracrine signals) but also, more importantly, on the continuous response of cells to external mechanical cues. In particular, bone cells sense mechanical signals such as shear, tensile, loading and vibration, and once activated, they react by regulating bone anabolism. Although several specific surrounding conditions needed for osteoblast cells to specifically augment bone formation have been empirically discovered, most of the underlying biomechanical cellular processes underneath remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, exogenous stimuli of endogenous osteogenesis can be applied to promote the mineral apposition rate, bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, as well as expediting fracture repair and bone regeneration. The following review summarizes the latest studies related to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, enhanced by mechanical forces or supplemental signaling factors (such as trace metals, nutraceuticals, vitamins and exosomes), providing a thorough overview of the exogenous osteogenic agents which can be exploited to modulate and influence the mechanically induced anabolism of bone. Furthermore, this review aims to discuss the emerging role of extracellular stimuli in skeletal metabolism as well as their potential roles and provide new perspectives for the treatment of bone disorders.
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Weidle UH, Nopora A. MicroRNAs Involved in Small-cell Lung Cancer as Possible Agents for Treatment and Identification of New Targets. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:591-603. [PMID: 34479913 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer, a neuro-endocrine type of lung cancers, responds very well to chemotherapy-based agents. However, a high frequency of relapse due to adaptive resistance is observed. Immunotherapy-based treatments with checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in improvement of treatment but the responses are not as impressive as in other types of tumor. Therefore, identification of new targets and treatment modalities is an important issue. After searching the literature, we identified eight down-regulated microRNAs involved in radiation- and chemotherapy-induced resistance, as well as three up-regulated and four down-regulated miRNAs with impacts on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, one up-regulated and four down-regulated microRNAs with in vivo activity in SCLC cell xenografts were identified. The identified microRNAs are candidates for inhibition or reconstitution therapy. The corresponding targets are candidates for inhibition or functional reconstitution with antibody-based moieties or small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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Barbar T, Jaffer Sathick I. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2021; 28:438-446.e1. [PMID: 35190110 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis with the release of large amounts of potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids into the systemic circulation. Clinical presentation is characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia. Acute kidney injury due to tumor lysis is potentiated by the precipitation of uric acid and calcium phosphate as well as renal vasoconstriction. Early recognition of tumor lysis can help prevent cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. Management includes intravenous hydration to maintain urine flow, medications targeting hyperuricemia including rasburicase and allopurinol and in severe cases renal replacement therapy may be required.
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Ambrosio L, Raucci MG, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Papalia R, Denaro V. Innovative Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8214. [PMID: 34360979 PMCID: PMC8347125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is a demanding challenge for contemporary medicine due to its high frequency of presentation and significant heterogeneity of malignant lesions developing within the bone. To date, available treatments are rarely curative and are primarily aimed at prolonging patients' survival and ameliorating their quality of life. Furthermore, both pharmacological and surgical therapies are aggravated by a consistent burden of adverse events and subsequent disability due to the loss of healthy bone structural and functional properties. Therefore, great research efforts are being made to develop innovative biomaterials able to selectively inhibit bone cancer progression while reducing the loss of bone structural properties secondary to local tissue invasion. In this review, we describe the state of the art of innovative biomaterials for the treatment of bone cancer. Along with physiological bone remodeling, the development of bone metastasis and osteosarcoma will be depicted. Subsequently, recent advances on nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, as well as the application of novel, multifunctional biomaterials for the treatment of bone cancer will be discussed. Eventually, actual limitations and promising future perspectives regarding the employment of such approaches in the clinical scenario will be debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.G.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.G.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
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Di Pompo G, Cortini M, Baldini N, Avnet S. Acid Microenvironment in Bone Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153848. [PMID: 34359749 PMCID: PMC8345667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although rare, malignant bone sarcomas have devastating clinical implications for the health and survival of young adults and children. To date, efforts to identify the molecular drivers and targets have focused on cancer cells or on the interplay between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. On the contrary, in the current literature, the role of the chemical-physical conditions of the tumour microenvironment that may be implicated in sarcoma aggressiveness and progression are poorly reported and discussed. Among these, extracellular acidosis is a well-recognized hallmark of bone sarcomas and promotes cancer growth and dissemination but data presented on this topic are fragmented. Hence, we intended to provide a general and comprehensive overview of the causes and implications of acidosis in bone sarcoma. Abstract In bone sarcomas, extracellular proton accumulation is an intrinsic driver of malignancy. Extracellular acidosis increases stemness, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy of cancer cells. It reprograms tumour-associated stroma into a protumour phenotype through the release of inflammatory cytokines. It affects bone homeostasis, as extracellular proton accumulation is perceived by acid-sensing ion channels located at the cell membrane of normal bone cells. In bone, acidosis results from the altered glycolytic metabolism of bone cancer cells and the resorption activity of tumour-induced osteoclasts that share the same ecosystem. Proton extrusion activity is mediated by extruders and transporters located at the cell membrane of normal and transformed cells, including vacuolar ATPase and carbonic anhydrase IX, or by the release of highly acidic lysosomes by exocytosis. To date, a number of investigations have focused on the effects of acidosis and its inhibition in bone sarcomas, including studies evaluating the use of photodynamic therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current status of all findings on extracellular acidosis in bone sarcomas, with a specific focus on the characteristics of the bone microenvironment and the acid-targeting therapeutic approaches that are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.D.P.); (M.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Margherita Cortini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.D.P.); (M.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.D.P.); (M.C.); (N.B.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Fontanella RA, Sideri S, Di Stefano C, Catizone A, Di Agostino S, Angelini DF, Guerrera G, Battistini L, Battafarano G, Del Fattore A, Campese AF, Padula F, De Cesaris P, Filippini A, Riccioli A. CD44v8-10 is a marker for malignant traits and a potential driver of bone metastasis in a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0495. [PMID: 34018387 PMCID: PMC8330537 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone metastasis is a clinically important outcome of prostate carcinoma (PC). We focused on the phenotypic and functional characterization of a particularly aggressive phenotype within the androgen-independent bone metastasis-derived PC3 cell line. These cells, originated from the spontaneous conversion of a CD44-negative subpopulation, stably express the CD44v8-10 isoform (CD44v8-10pos) and display stem cell-like features and a marked invasive phenotype in vitro that is lost upon CD44v8-10 silencing. METHODS Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used for phenotypic and immunologic characterization. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and functional assays were used to assess osteomimicry. RESULTS Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers showed that CD44v8-10pos PC3 cells surprisingly display epithelial phenotype and can undergo osteomimicry, acquiring bone cell phenotypic and behavioral traits. Use of specific siRNA evidenced the ability of CD44v8-10 variant to confer osteomimetic features, hence the potential to form bone-specific metastasis. Moreover, the ability of tumors to activate immunosuppressive mechanisms which counteract effective immune responses is a sign of the aggressiveness of a tumor. Here we report that CD44v8-10pos cells express programmed death ligand 1, a negative regulator of anticancer immunity, and secrete exceptionally high amounts of interleukin-6, favoring osteoclastogenesis and immunosuppression in bone microenvironment. Notably, we identified a novel pathway activated by CD44v8-10, involving tafazzin (TAZ) and likely the Wnt/TAZ axis, known to play a role in upregulating osteomimetic genes. CONCLUSIONS CD44v8-10 could represent a marker of a more aggressive bone metastatic PC population exerting a driver role in osteomimicry in bone. A novel link between TAZ and CD44v8-10 is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria A. Fontanella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Sideri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Stefano
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine – “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Padula
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Paola De Cesaris
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
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Possible Mechanisms for the Effects of Sound Vibration on Human Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050597. [PMID: 34069792 PMCID: PMC8157227 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a narrative review of research literature to “map the landscape” of the mechanisms of the effect of sound vibration on humans including the physiological, neurological, and biochemical. It begins by narrowing music to sound and sound to vibration. The focus is on low frequency sound (up to 250 Hz) including infrasound (1–16 Hz). Types of application are described and include whole body vibration, vibroacoustics, and focal applications of vibration. Literature on mechanisms of response to vibration is categorized into hemodynamic, neurological, and musculoskeletal. Basic mechanisms of hemodynamic effects including stimulation of endothelial cells and vibropercussion; of neurological effects including protein kinases activation, nerve stimulation with a specific look at vibratory analgesia, and oscillatory coherence; of musculoskeletal effects including muscle stretch reflex, bone cell progenitor fate, vibration effects on bone ossification and resorption, and anabolic effects on spine and intervertebral discs. In every category research on clinical applications are described. The conclusion points to the complexity of the field of vibrational medicine and calls for specific comparative research on type of vibration delivery, amount of body or surface being stimulated, effect of specific frequencies and intensities to specific mechanisms, and to greater interdisciplinary cooperation and focus.
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Meng J, Zhang X, Guo X, Cheng W, Qi X, Huang J, Lin W. Briarane-type diterpenoids suppress osteoclastogenisis by regulation of Nrf2 and MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104976. [PMID: 33992967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excess osteoclastic activity leads to an imbalance in bone remodeling and causes most adult skeletal diseases. Natural products are a promising source to attenuate the osteoporosis and relevant diseases of bone loss. Herein, a bioassay-guided detection of gorgonian corals resulted in junceellolide D (JD), a briarane-type diterpenoid from gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea, showing significant inhibition against the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in vitro. To extend the investigation for structure-activity relationship (SAR), a total of 39 briarane-type analogues were isolated including 28 new compounds, and their structures were determined by extensive analyses of spectroscopic data. The SAR data indicated that JD is the most active to inhibit osteoclast development due to the decreased number of multinucleated tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase positive cells, suppression of the actin ring formation, blockage of bone resorption, and downregulation of osteoclast-specific marker genes. Mechanistically, JD increased the protein stability of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation followed by activation its downstream antioxidant enzymes, which strongly abolished RANKL-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, JD inhibits the RANKL-stimulated activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Hence, JD is considered as a promising lead compound for anti-osteoclastogenesis via activating Nrf2 and suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to prevent osteoclast-mediated bone destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Ocean Research, Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xingchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Ocean Research, Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Maas M, Rausch S, Guttenberg T, Seiler R, Hennenlotter J, Oo HZ, Fazli L, Kühs U, Gakis G, Stenzl A, Schwentner C, Black PC, Todenhöfer T. Receptor Activator of NF Kappa B (RANK) Expression Indicates Favorable Prognosis in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 8:718-727. [PMID: 33962883 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor activator of NF kappa B (RANK) and its ligand have an essential role in T-cell regulation and the development of bone metastases. The role of RANK expression in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the relevance of RANK expression in patients with MIBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Expression of RANK was assessed via immunohistochemistry of benign urothelium, MIBC tissue, and lymph node metastases from 153 patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were analyzed for potential associations with molecular subtypes and outcome. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RANK expression was correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and to individual data for the clinical course of MIBC. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Expression of RANK was significantly higher in both primary tumors (p = 0.02) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.01) compared to normal urothelium. In tumor tissue, RANK expression was significantly lower in patients with locally advanced disease and lymph node involvement compared to those with organ-confined disease (p = 0.0009) and node-negative MIBC (p = 0.0002). In univariable and multivariable analyses, high expression of RANK was associated with a longer time to recurrence (p = 0.0005 and 0.01) and better cancer-specific (p = 0.0004 and 0.007) and overall survival (p = 0.002 and 0.04). High expression of RANK was associated with better outcome for patients with luminal infiltrated tumors in the TCGA cohort. CONCLUSIONS RANK expression is increased in bladder cancer tissue compared to benign urothelium, with higher expression in organ-defined compared to locally advanced disease. High RANK expression indicates a favorable prognosis in MIBC. The prognostic role differs in tumors of different molecular subtypes. PATIENT SUMMARY Expression of a protein involved in bone turnover regulation (RANK) is higher in bladder cancer tissue than in benign bladder tissue. However, high levels of RANK on tumor cells indicate favorable prognosis for patients with bladder cancer that invades the muscle layer of the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Roland Seiler
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Urology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ursula Kühs
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Gakis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Clinical Trials Unit, Studienpraxis Urologie, Nürtingen, Germany.
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Álvarez-Carrión L, Gutiérrez-Rojas I, Rodríguez-Ramos MR, Ardura JA, Alonso V. MINDIN Exerts Protumorigenic Actions on Primary Prostate Tumors via Downregulation of the Scaffold Protein NHERF-1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:436. [PMID: 33498862 PMCID: PMC7865820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer preferential metastasis to bone is associated with osteomimicry. MINDIN is a secreted matrix protein upregulated in prostate tumors that overexpresses bone-related genes during prostate cancer progression. Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF-1) is a scaffold protein that has been involved both in tumor regulation and osteogenesis. We hypothesize that NHERF-1 modulation is a mechanism used by MINDIN to promote prostate cancer progression. We analyzed the expression of NHERF-1 and MINDIN in human prostate samples and in a premetastatic prostate cancer mouse model, based on the implantation of prostate adenocarcinoma TRAMP-C1 (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) cells in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. The relationship between NHERF-1 and MINDIN and their effects on cell proliferation, migration, survival and osteomimicry were evaluated. Upregulation of MINDIN and downregulation of NHERF-1 expression were observed both in human prostate cancer samples and in the TRAMP-C1 model. MINDIN silencing restored NHERF-1 expression to control levels in the mouse model. Stimulation with MINDIN reduced NHERF-1 expression and triggered its mobilization from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm in TRAMP-C1 cells. MINDIN-dependent downregulation of NHERF-1 promoted tumor cell migration and proliferation without affecting osteomimicry and adhesion. We propose that MINDIN downregulates NHERF-1 expression leading to promotion of processes involved in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Álvarez-Carrión
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.); (M.R.R.-R.)
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.); (M.R.R.-R.)
| | - María Rosario Rodríguez-Ramos
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.); (M.R.R.-R.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Juan A. Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.); (M.R.R.-R.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Verónica Alonso
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.Á.-C.); (I.G.-R.); (M.R.R.-R.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain
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Biological and genetic landscape of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:942-951. [PMID: 33158639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer of the immune system) that can develop around breast implants. Breast implants are among the most commonly used medical devices for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes. In the past few years, the number of women with breast implants diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has increased, and several studies have suggested a direct association between breast implants and an increased risk of this disease. Although it has been hypothesized that chronic stimulation of the immune system caused by implant materials and biofilms as well as a possible genetic predisposition play an important role in this disease, the cellular and molecular causes of BIA-ALCL are not fully understood. This review aims to describe the current understanding around the environmental and molecular drivers of BIA-ALCL as well as the genetic and chromosomal abnormalities identified in this disease to date.
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Rajakumar SA, Danska JS. Bad to the bone: B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells mediate bone destruction. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 8:1835423. [PMID: 33553597 PMCID: PMC7849691 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1835423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal morbidities continue to cause acute and long-term burdens for B-ALL patients underscoring the need to identify the mechanisms underlying these processes and to develop effective therapies. Our recent findings demonstrated that B-ALL cells isolated at patient diagnosis can cause bone destruction and have identified the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK-RANKL) ligand axis as a critical effector of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeetha A Rajakumar
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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34
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Transcriptomic profiling of feline teeth highlights the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in tooth resorption. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18958. [PMID: 33144645 PMCID: PMC7641192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth resorption (TR) in domestic cats is a common and painful disease characterised by the loss of mineralised tissues from the tooth. Due to its progressive nature and unclear aetiology the only treatment currently available is to extract affected teeth. To gain insight into TR pathogenesis, we characterised the transcriptomic changes involved in feline TR by sequencing RNA extracted from 14 teeth (7 with and 7 without signs of resorption) collected from 11 cats. A paired comparison of teeth from the same cat with and without signs of resorption identified 1,732 differentially expressed genes, many of which were characteristic of osteoclast activity and differentiation, in particular matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). MMP9 expression was confirmed by qPCR and immunocytochemistry of odontoclasts located in TR lesions. A hydroxamate-based MMP9 inhibitor reduced both osteoclast formation and resorption activity while siRNA targeting MMP9 also inhibited osteoclast differentiation although had little effect on resorption activity. Overall, these results suggest that increased MMP9 expression is involved in the progress of TR pathogenesis and that MMP9 may be a potential therapeutic target in feline TR.
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35
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Akhtar S, Hourani S, Therachiyil L, Al-Dhfyan A, Agouni A, Zeidan A, Uddin S, Korashy HM. Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:177-196. [PMID: 32877761 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence has demonstrated that tumor bulk comprises distinctive subset of cells generally referred as cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have been proposed as a strong sustainer and promoter of tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. These distinguished properties of CSCs have raised interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern the maintenance of these cells. Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to environmental toxins such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is strongly involved in cancer initiation and progression. The PAH-induced carcinogenesis is shown to be mediated through the activation of a cytosolic receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/Cytochrome P4501A pathway, suggesting a possible direct link between AhR and CSCs. Several recent studies have investigated the role of AhR in CSCs self-renewal and maintenance, however the molecular mechanisms and particularly the epigenetic regulations of CSCs by the AhR/CYP1A pathway have not been reviewed before. In this review, we first summarize the crosstalk between AhR and cancer genetics, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms relevant to CSCs such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, NF-κB, and PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. The second part of this review discusses the recent advances and studies highlighting the epigenetic mechanisms mediated by the AhR/CYP1A pathway that control CSC gene expression, self-renewal, and chemoresistance in various human cancers. Furthermore, the review also sheds light on the importance of targeting the epigenetic pathways as a novel therapeutic approach against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shireen Hourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Al-Dhfyan
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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36
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Kern R, Correa SC, Scandolara TB, Carla da Silva J, Pires BR, Panis C. Current advances in the diagnosis and personalized treatment of breast cancer: lessons from tumor biology. Per Med 2020; 17:399-420. [PMID: 32804054 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment has advanced enormously in the last decade. Most of this is due to advances reached in the knowledge regarding tumor biology, mainly in the field of diagnosis and treatment. This review brings information about how the genomics-based information contributed to advances in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis perspective, as well as presents how tumor biology discoveries fostered the main therapeutic approaches available to treat such patients, based on a personalized point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Kern
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil
| | - Stephany Christiane Correa
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thalita Basso Scandolara
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil.,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla da Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ricardo Pires
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão - Paraná 85601-970, Brazil
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37
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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38
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Deligiorgi MV, Trafalis DT. Repurposing denosumab in lung cancer beyond counteracting the skeletal related events: an intriguing perspective. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1331-1346. [PMID: 32658547 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1790522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repurposing denosumab in lung cancer therapeutics capitalizes on its well-established role in preventing the skeletal related events (SREs) and its emerging, yet elusive, bone-independent role, assigned to inhibit the contribution of RANKL to cancer initiation and progression. AREAS COVERED The present review presents the available preclinical and clinical data indicating that denosumab may provide survival benefit to lung cancer patients beyond the counteraction of SREs. EXPERT OPINION Despite the preliminary data heralding the potential of denosumab to increase overall survival in lung cancer, the embracement of this strategy in clinical practice cannot be advocated until large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy. Given the improvement of lung cancer prognosis ascribed to revolutionary targeted treatment agents, the possibility of denosumab-related increased risk of second primary malignancies merits further evaluation. Many challenges in endorsing denosumab as a strategy to treat lung cancer beyond SREs prevention are pending counteraction, including: (i) patient selection guided by validated predictive and prognostic biomarkers; (ii) assessment of long-term outcomes; (iii) evaluation of benefit-risk ratio; (iv) translational research; (v) combination of denosumab with other targeted therapies; (vi) integration of genomic biomarkers, immune-related biomarkers, and biomarkers of active RANKL pathway to guide the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Department of Pharmacology - Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine , Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Department of Pharmacology - Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine , Athens, Greece
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39
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An Evidence-Based Update on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Periodontal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113829. [PMID: 32481582 PMCID: PMC7312805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigators have reported about the intricate molecular mechanism underlying periodontal diseases (PD). Nevertheless, the role of specific genes, cells, or cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis are still unclear. Although periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, there are no pre-diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets available for such inflammatory lesions. A pivotal role is played by pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in modulating pathophysiological and physiological processes in repairing damaged tissues. In addition, effects on osteoimmunology is ever evolving due to the ongoing research in understanding the molecular mechanism lying beneath periodontal diseases. The aim of the current review is to deliver an evidence-based update on the molecular mechanism of periodontitis with a particular focus on recent developments. Reports regarding the molecular mechanism of these diseases have revealed unforeseen results indicative of the fact that significant advances have been made to the periodontal medicine over the past decade. There is integrated hypothesis-driven research going on. Although a wide picture of association of periodontal diseases with immune response has been further clarified with present ongoing research, small parts of the puzzle remain a mystery and require further investigations.
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40
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Ardura JA, Gutiérrez-Rojas I, Álvarez-Carrión L, Rodríguez-Ramos MR, Pozuelo JM, Alonso V. The secreted matrix protein mindin increases prostate tumor progression and tumor-bone crosstalk via ERK 1/2 regulation. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:828-839. [PMID: 31168562 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer cells preferentially metastasize to bone by acquiring a bone phenotype that allows metastatic cells to thrive in the skeletal environment. Identification of factors that promote the expression of ectopic bone genes-process known as osteomimicry-leading to tumor progression is crucial to prevent and treat metastatic prostate cancer and prolong life expectancy for patients. Here, we identify the extracelular matrix protein mindin in the secretome of prostate adenocarcinoma cells and show that mindin overexpression in human and mouse TRAMP-C1-induced prostate tumors correlates with upregulated levels of bone-related genes in the tumorigenic prostate tissues. Moreover, mindin silencing decreased osteomimicry in adenocarcinoma cells and in the prostate tumor mice model, as well as reduced tumor cell proliferation, migration and adhesion to bone cells. Inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation decreased the proliferative, migratory and pro-adhesion actions of mindin on prostate tumor cells. In addition, conditioned media obtained by crosstalk stimulation of either osteocytes or osteoblasts with the secretome of TRAMP-C1 cells promoted osteomimicry in prostate tumor cells; an effect inhibited by mindin silencing of TRAMP-C1 cells. In vivo, tibiae of primary tumor-bearing mice overexpressed the pro-angiogenic and pro-metastattic factor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in a mindin-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that mindin is a novel regulator of osteomimicry in prostate tumors and potentially mediates tumor-bone cell crosstalk, suggesting its promising role as a target to inhibit bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA).,Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - M Rosario Rodríguez-Ramos
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA).,Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Pozuelo
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA).,Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Alonso
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA).,Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Suppresses Migration of Bone-Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells via OPN-FAK/ERK/NF- κB Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3573240. [PMID: 32351594 PMCID: PMC7171636 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3573240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata is a couplet of medicinal that has been commonly used to treat inflammation-related diseases and various types of tumors. However, the effect of this couplet on tumor cell migration has not been elucidated. With the aid of MCF-7-BOM, a bone-metastatic subline of ER + breast cancer MCF-7, we showed that ethyl acetate fraction extracted at an equal weight ratio of Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata (EA11) inhibited cell migration of MCF-7-BOM in a concentration-dependent manner. To define the underlying molecular mechanism, we revealed that EA11 reduced the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and interfered with the FAK/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways, which are both critical for breast cancer bone metastasis. This study strongly suggested EA11 may represent a potential therapeutic agent against bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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42
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Feng Q, Wang D, Feng J, Guo P, Geng C. Denosumab inhibits MCF-7 cell line-induced spontaneous osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL/MALAT1/miR-124 axis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2482-2491. [PMID: 35117607 PMCID: PMC8798509 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Denosumab is an inhibitor of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which inhibits bone metastasis (BM) in breast cancer (BC), but does not completely control cancer cell BM in some BC patients. This study was designed to study whether denosumab inhibits human BC cells (MCF-7) cell line-induced spontaneous osteoclastogenesis via RANKL/metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/miR-124 axis. Methods We established a co-culture system of MCF-7-induced spontaneous osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells, and denosumab is added into the co-culture system to inhibit RAW 264.7 cell differentiation into osteoclasts. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis were used to detect gene expression, while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to assess osteoclast formation. Results Denosumab inhibits MCF-7 cell line-induced spontaneous osteoclastogenesis, and the inhibition of denosumab was found to be more pronounced after MALAT1 downregulation and miR-124 overexpression. However, MALAT1 knockdown or miR-124 overexpression did not alter RANKL protein expression. Moreover, the dual luciferase gene reporter system showed that miR-124 targeted the inhibition of MALAT1, while si-MALAT1 upregulated miR-124 expression. miR-124-mimics were able to decrease the expression of Rab27a, IL-11, activated T-cell nuclear factor 1 (NFATc1) and TARP protein. Conclusions Denosumab inhibits MALAT1 expression by inhibiting RANKL, thereby upregulating miR-124 expression, which ultimately inhibits MCF-7 cell line-induced pseudo osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Cuizhi Geng
- Breast Disease Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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43
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Yuan Y, Chen K, Chen X, Wang C, Qiu H, Cao Z, Song D, Sun Y, Guo J, Tickner J, Xu J, Zou J. Fumitremorgin C Attenuates Osteoclast Formation and Function via Suppressing RANKL-Induced Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32210820 PMCID: PMC7076231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption conducted by osteoclasts is considered as the main cause of osteoclast-related bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the suppression of excessive osteoclast formation and function is one of the strategies to treat osteoclast-related bone diseases. Fumitremorgin C (Fum) is a mycotoxin extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus. It has been shown to have extensive pharmacological properties, but its role in the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases remains unclear. In this study, we aim to find out whether Fum can inhibit the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and function. The results showed that Fum could significantly attenuate osteoclast formation and function at concentrations from 2.5 to 10 µM. The protein expression of bone resorption factors such as NFATc1, cathepsin K, V-ATPase-d2, and c-Fos was suppressed with the treatment of Fum at a concentration of 10 µM. In addition, Fum was also shown to suppress the activity of NF-κB, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, and MAPK pathway. Taken together, the present study showed that Fum could attenuate the formation and function of osteoclast via suppressing RANKL-induced signaling pathways, suggesting that Fum might be a potential novel drug in the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhen Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dezhi Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Youqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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44
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Pousti BT, Andera L, Haugen TW. Sphenoid Sinus Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2020; 82:168-174. [PMID: 32187597 DOI: 10.1159/000506207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 27-year-old female with a giant cell tumor of her sphenoid sinus, presenting with nasal obstruction and cranial neuropathies. Both the surgical and subsequent medical management are reviewed. Additionally, we review the overall presentation, pathophysiology, and management of giant cell tumors of the skull base. Current treatment recommendations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobak T Pousti
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke Andera
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thorsen W Haugen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA,
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45
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Shen Y, Pan Y, Guo S, Sun L, Zhang C, Wang L. The roles of mechanosensitive ion channels and associated downstream MAPK signaling pathways in PDLC mechanotransduction. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2113-2122. [PMID: 32323761 PMCID: PMC7115221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the cytoskeleton, the Piezo1 ion channel and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) ion channel are equally functional in the mechanotransduction of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and to reveal the interplay of these mechanically sensitive ion channels (MSCs). Human PDLCs (hPDLCs) were pretreated with cytochalasin D (the inhibitor of actin polymerization), GsMTx4 (the antagonist of Piezo1) and GSK205 (the antagonist of TRPV4), and then subjected to periodic mechanical loading. The expression levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in hPDLCs were detected via western blotting. Osteoblast mineralization induction capacity of the hPDLCs was also studied and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression profile was determined via protein microarray. The expression of Piezo1 and TRPV4 in the PDLCs was significantly increased at 8 h after loading. These differences in expression were accompanied by increased expression of M-CSF, RANKL and COX2. Compared with the control group, key PDLC biomarkers were suppressed after mechanical loading following treatment with the inhibitors of Piezo1 (GsMTx4) and TRPV4 (GSK205). The phosphorylated-MAPK protein array showed differential biomarker profiles among all groups. The present study suggested that both MSCs and the cytoskeleton participated as mechanical sensors, and did so independently in hPDLC mechanotransduction. Furthermore, the Piezo1 ion channel may transmit mechanical signals via the ERK signaling pathway; however, the TRPV4 channel may function via alternative signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lian Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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46
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Deligiorgi MV, Panayiotidis MI, Griniatsos J, Trafalis DT. Harnessing the versatile role of OPG in bone oncology: counterbalancing RANKL and TRAIL signaling and beyond. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:13-30. [PMID: 31578655 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 decades ago, the discovery of osteoprotegerin (OPG) as inhibitor of the receptor of activator of nuclear factor Kb (RANK) ligand (RANKL) revolutionized our understanding of bone biology and oncology. Besides acting as decoy receptor for RANKL, OPG acts as decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG, RANKL, and TRAIL are ubiquitously expressed, stimulating per se pivotal signaling cascades implicated in cancer. In the context of cancer cell-bone cell interactions, cancer cells skew the OPG/RANKL/RANK (RANKL cognate receptor) balance towards bone destruction and tumor growth through favoring the RANKL/RANK interface, circumventing OPG. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the dual role of OPG in cancer: antitumor and tumor-promoting. OPG potentially conveys an antitumor signal through inhibiting the tumor-promoting RANKL signaling-both the osteoclast-dependent and the osteoclast-independent-and the tumor-promoting TRAIL signaling. On the other hand, the presumed tumor-promoting functions of OPG are: (i) abrogation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells; (ii) abrogation of RANKL-induced antitumor immunity; and (iii) stimulation of oncogenic and prometastatic signaling cascades downstream of the interaction of OPG with diverse proteins. The present review dissects the role of OPG in bone oncology. It presents the available preclinical and clinical data sustaining the dual role of OPG in cancer and focuses on the imbalanced RANKL/RANK/OPG interplay in the landmark "vicious cycle" of skeletal metastatic disease, osteosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in exploiting OPG signaling in bone oncology therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Room A516, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John Griniatsos
- 1st Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Str, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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47
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Puppo M, Taipaleenmäki H, Hesse E, Clézardin P. Non-coding RNAs in bone remodelling and bone metastasis: Mechanisms of action and translational relevance. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 178:1936-1954. [PMID: 31423566 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are frequent complications in patients with advanced cancer, which can be fatal or may rapidly impede the quality of life of patients. Current treatments for patients with bone metastases are palliative. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that precede the overt development of skeletal lesions could lead to better therapeutic interventions. In this review, we present evidence that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long ncRNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs are emerging as master regulators of bone metastasis formation. We highlight potential opportunities for the therapeutic targeting of ncRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that ncRNAs may be used as biomarkers in the context of bone metastases, which might provide insight for improving the response to current bone-targeting therapies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Hesse
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Tsuchiya M, Kayamori K, Wada A, Komaki M, Ohata Y, Hamagaki M, Sakamoto K, Ikeda T. A Novel, Tumor-Induced Osteoclastogenesis Pathway Insensitive to Denosumab but Interfered by Cannabidiol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246211. [PMID: 31835378 PMCID: PMC6940789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is strictly regulated, and impaired regulation caused by hormonal imbalances induces systemic bone loss. Local bone loss caused by tumor invasion into bone is suggested to be induced by the generation of cytokines, which affect bone metabolism, by tumor cells. The major cause of systemic and local bone losses is excess bone resorption by osteoclasts, which differentiate from macrophages by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We previously found a novel pathway for tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis targeting osteoclast precursor cells (OPCs). Tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis was resistant to RANKL and TNF-α inhibitors. In the present study, we confirmed that exosomes derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells induced osteoclasts from OPCs. We also showed that the depletion of exosomes from culture supernatants of OSCC cells partially interfered with osteoclastogenesis, and cannabidiol, an innoxious cannabinoid without psychotropic effects, almost completely suppressed tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenesis and its interference by cannabidiol were independent of the expression of nuclear factor of T cell c1 (NFATc1). These results show that osteoclastogenesis induced by OSCC cells targeting OPCs is a novel osteoclastogenic pathway independent of NFATc1 expression that is partially caused by tumor-derived exosomes and suppressed by cannabidiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (K.K.); (M.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (K.K.); (M.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Akane Wada
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.W.); (Y.O.)
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology (Periodontology), Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa 221-0835, Japan;
| | - Yae Ohata
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.W.); (Y.O.)
| | - Miwako Hamagaki
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (K.K.); (M.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (K.K.); (M.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (K.K.); (M.H.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5451
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49
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Zhang X. Interactions between cancer cells and bone microenvironment promote bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:76. [PMID: 31753020 PMCID: PMC6873445 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Since the bone microenvironment plays an important role in this process, attentions have been directed to the interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone stromal cells. Here, we explained the mechanism of interactions between prostate cancer cells and metastasis-associated cells within the bone microenvironment and further discussed the recent advances in targeted therapy of prostate cancer bone metastasis. This review also summarized the effects of bone microenvironment on prostate cancer metastasis and the related mechanisms, and provides insights for future prostate cancer metastasis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, P. R. China.
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50
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Dougall WC, Roman Aguilera A, Smyth MJ. Dual targeting of RANKL and PD-1 with a bispecific antibody improves anti-tumor immunity. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e01081. [PMID: 31572609 PMCID: PMC6763724 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The addition of RANKL/RANK blockade to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 and anti‐CTLA4 antibodies is associated with increased anti‐tumor immunity in mice. Recent retrospective clinical studies in patients with advanced melanoma and lung cancer suggest the addition of anti‐RANKL antibody to ICI increases the overall response rate relative to ICI treatment alone. Based on this rationale, we developed a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) co‐targeting RANKL and PD‐1. Methods We characterized target binding and functional activity of the anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 BsAb in cell‐based assays. Anti‐tumor activity was confirmed in experimental lung metastasis models and in mice with established subcutaneously transplanted tumors. Results The anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 BsAb retained binding to both RANKL and PD‐1 and blocked the interaction with respective counter‐structures RANK and PD‐L1. The inhibitory effect of anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 BsAb was confirmed by demonstrating a complete block of RANKL‐dependent osteoclast formation. Monotherapy activity of anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 BsAb was observed in anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumors and, when combined with anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb, increased anti‐tumor responses. An equivalent or superior anti‐tumor response was observed with the anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 BsAb compared with the combination of parental anti‐RANKL plus anti‐PD‐1 antibodies depending upon the tumor model. Discussion Mechanistically, the anti‐tumor activity of anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 BsAb required CD8+T cells, host PD‐1 and IFNγ. Targeting RANKL and PD‐1 simultaneously within the tumor microenvironment (TME) improved anti‐tumor efficacy compared with combination of two separate mAbs. Conclusion In summary, the bispecific anti‐RANKL/PD‐1 antibody demonstrates potent tumor growth inhibition in settings of ICI resistance and represents a novel modality for clinical development in advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Dougall
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Qld Australia
| | - Amelia Roman Aguilera
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Qld Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Qld Australia
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