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FitzGerald LM, Jung CH, Wong EM, Joo JE, Bassett JK, Dowty JG, Wang X, Dai JY, Stanford JL, O'Callaghan N, Nottle T, Pedersen J, Giles GG, Southey MC. Detection of differentially methylated CpGs between tumour and adjacent benign cells in diagnostic prostate cancer samples. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17877. [PMID: 39095452 PMCID: PMC11297152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentially methylated CpG sites (dmCpGs) that distinguish prostate tumour from adjacent benign tissue could aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Previously, the identification of such dmCpGs has only been undertaken in radical prostatectomy (RP) samples and not primary diagnostic tumour samples (needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate). We interrogated an Australian dataset comprising 125 tumour and 43 adjacent histologically benign diagnostic tissue samples, including 41 paired samples, using the Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip. Regression analyses of paired tumour and adjacent benign samples identified 2,386 significant dmCpGs (Bonferroni p < 0.01; delta-β ≥ 40%), with LASSO regression selecting 16 dmCpGs that distinguished tumour samples in the full Australian diagnostic dataset (AUC = 0.99). Results were validated in independent North American (npaired = 19; AUC = 0.87) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; npaired = 50; AUC = 0.94) RP datasets. Two of the 16 dmCpGs were in genes that were significantly down-regulated in Australian tumour samples (Bonferroni p < 0.01; GSTM2 and PRKCB). Ten additional dmCpGs distinguished low (n = 34) and high Gleason (n = 88) score tumours in the diagnostic Australian dataset (AUC = 0.95), but these performed poorly when applied to the RP datasets (North American: AUC = 0.66; TCGA: AUC = 0.62). The DNA methylation marks identified here could augment and improve current diagnostic tests and/or form the basis of future prognostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel M FitzGerald
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Chol-Hee Jung
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ee Ming Wong
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - JiHoon E Joo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neil O'Callaghan
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Nottle
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pedersen
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Creighton CJ, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Castro P, Hu R, Islam M, Ghosh S, Ittmann M, Kwabi-Addo B. Comparative and integrative analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic-wide DNA methylation changes in African American prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2180585. [PMID: 37279148 PMCID: PMC9980641 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2180585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African American (AA) men have the highest incidence and mortality rate from Prostate cancer (PCa) than any other racial/ethnic group. To date, PCa genomic studies have largely under-represented tumour samples from AA men. We measured genome-wide DNA methylation in benign and tumor prostate tissues from AA men using the Illumina Infunium 850 K EPIC array. mRNA expression database from a subset of the AA biospecimen were used to assess correlation of transcriptome and methylation datasets. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified 11,460 probes that were significant (p < 0.01) and differentially methylated in AA PCa compared to normal prostate tissues and showed significant (p < 0.01) inverse-correlation with mRNA expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis and Gene Ontology analysis in our AA dataset compared with TCGA dataset showed similarities in methylation patterns: top candidate genes with significant hypermethylation and corresponding down-regulated gene expression were associated with biological pathways in hemidesmosome assembly, mammary gland development, epidermis development, hormone biosynthesis, and cell communication. In addition, top candidate genes with significant hypomethylation and corresponding up-regulated gene expression were associated with biological pathways in macrophage differentiation, cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, protein destabilization, transcription co-repression, and fatty acid biosynthesis. In contrast, differences in genome-wide methylation in our AA dataset compared with TCGA dataset were enriched for genes in steroid signalling, immune signalling, chromatin structure remodelling and RNA processing. Overall, differential methylation of AMIGO3, IER3, UPB1, GRM7, TFAP2C, TOX2, PLSCR2, ZNF292, ESR2, MIXL1, BOLL, and FGF6 were significant and uniquely associated with PCa progression in our AA cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J. Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Flora Zhang
- Center for Women’s Studies, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Md Islam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bernard Kwabi-Addo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, Washington, Columbia, USA
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Shi Q, Zheng X, Hu Y, Zhou Z, Fang M, Huang X. Methylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 3 subunit alpha contributes to poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:769-777. [PMID: 37707680 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 3 subunit alpha (HIF3A) has been implicated in various types of cancers, while its precise role in the lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of HIF3A in lung adenocarcinoma and its regulation by DNA methylation. We utilized bioinformatic tools, including UALCAN and KMPlot, to analyze the relationship between HIF3A expression, DNA methylation, and patient survival rate in lung adenocarcinoma. We also used siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF3A and DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), as well as the treatment of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Azacytidine, in A549 and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. qPCR, MTT, and cell counting assays were performed to evaluate the mRNA expression and cell viability. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that HIF3A expression was downregulated and its methylation was upregulated in lung tumor tissues. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a correlation between low HIF3A expression and patient poor survival rate. We found that DNMT1 regulated HIF3A methylation. Knockdown of HIF3A promoted cancer cell proliferation. These data suggest that downregulation of HIF3A promotes tumor cell proliferation, and support that HIF3A methylation may serve as a prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- Oncology Department, Fujian Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, No.2 Shangdu Hubian, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiuxia Zheng
- Oncology Department, Fujian Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, No.2 Shangdu Hubian, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Oncology Department, Fujian Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, No.2 Shangdu Hubian, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Oncology Department, Fujian Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, No.2 Shangdu Hubian, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Minshan Fang
- Oncology Department, Fujian Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, No.2 Shangdu Hubian, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Xinhui Huang
- Oncology Department, Fujian Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, No.2 Shangdu Hubian, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
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Tong F, Lu G, Zang J, Hao D, Xu W, Chen J, Ding Q, Xiong H. FKBP5 associated CD8 T cell infiltration is a novel prognostic biomarker in luminal B breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231211771. [PMID: 37987640 PMCID: PMC10664447 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231211771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5) gene expression and CD8 T cells in tumour progression and immunology of the luminal B subtype of breast cancer (LBBC) using bioinformatics analyses. METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2, Human Protein Atlas and breast cancer gene-expression miner v4.5 databases were used for data mining and analysing FKBP5, its co-expressed genes and CD8 T cell-related markers. The Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource 2.0 database was used for analysing the correlation and prognosis of FKBP5 and CD8 T cell infiltration level in LBBC. RESULTS Upregulated FKBP5 expression was correlated with improved survival in LBBC. Upregulated FKBP5-related CD8 T cell markers were also demonstrated to be significantly correlated with better survival in LBBC and might play a role in the biological activity of FKBP5. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FKBP5 and its associated CD8 T cell infiltration are potential benign prognostic indicators for LBBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Long you County, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Genlin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Long you County, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Putuo Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dingji Hao
- Department of Thyroid Breast Hernia Surgery, Tonglu County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wangjue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Long you County, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jida Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Putuo Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Rafikova G, Gilyazova I, Enikeeva K, Pavlov V, Kzhyshkowska J. Prostate Cancer: Genetics, Epigenetics and the Need for Immunological Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12797. [PMID: 37628978 PMCID: PMC10454494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data highlight prostate cancer as a significant global health issue, with high incidence and substantial impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of this disease is associated with various factors, including age, heredity, and race. Recent research in prostate cancer genetics has identified several genetic variants that may be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. However, despite the significance of these findings, genetic markers for prostate cancer are not currently utilized in clinical practice as reliable indicators of the disease. In addition to genetics, epigenetic alterations also play a crucial role in prostate cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, and microRNA (miRNA) expression are major epigenetic events that influence oncogenesis. Existing markers for prostate cancer, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cost of testing, follow-up procedures, and treatment for false-positive results and overdiagnosis contributes to the overall healthcare expenditure. Improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis requires either narrowing the risk group by identifying new genetic factors or enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of existing markers. Immunological biomarkers (both circulating and intra-tumoral), including markers of immune response and immune dysfunction, represent a potentially useful area of research for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Our review emphasizes the need for developing novel immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the most recent achievements in the identification of biomarkers provided by circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We highlight that monocyte-derived and TAM-derived biomarkers can enable to establish the missing links between genetic predisposition, hormonal metabolism and immune responses in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Rafikova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Irina Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Kadriia Enikeeva
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Genetic Technology Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Imamura J, Ganguly S, Muskara A, Liao RS, Nguyen JK, Weight C, Wee CE, Gupta S, Mian OY. Lineage plasticity and treatment resistance in prostate cancer: the intersection of genetics, epigenetics, and evolution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191311. [PMID: 37455903 PMCID: PMC10349394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the primary cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. While CRPC typically develops through a gain in androgen receptor (AR) signaling, a subset of CRPC will lose reliance on the AR. This process involves genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal changes that promote cellular plasticity, leading to AR-indifferent disease, with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) being the quintessential example. NEPC is enriched following treatment with second-generation anti-androgens and exhibits resistance to endocrine therapy. Loss of RB1, TP53, and PTEN expression and MYCN and AURKA amplification appear to be key drivers for NEPC differentiation. Epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the transition to a neuroendocrine phenotype. DNA methylation of specific gene promoters can regulate lineage commitment and differentiation. Histone methylation can suppress AR expression and promote neuroendocrine-specific gene expression. Emerging data suggest that EZH2 is a key regulator of this epigenetic rewiring. Several mechanisms drive AR-dependent castration resistance, notably AR splice variant expression, expression of the adrenal-permissive 3βHSD1 allele, and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Aberrant epigenetic regulation also promotes radioresistance by altering the expression of DNA repair- and cell cycle-related genes. Novel therapies are currently being developed to target these diverse genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal mechanisms promoting lineage plasticity-driven NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrell Imamura
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Muskara
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ross S. Liao
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jane K. Nguyen
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weight
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher E. Wee
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Omar Y. Mian
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Pearson P, Smith K, Sood N, Chia E, Follett A, Prystowsky MB, Kirby S, Belbin TJ. Kruppel-family zinc finger proteins as emerging epigenetic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:41. [PMID: 37254212 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-type zinc finger protein genes located on chromosome 19q13 are aberrantly hypermethylated with high frequency in all anatomic sub-sites of head and neck cancers as well as other epithelial tumours resulting in decreased expression. METHODS We examined prognostic significance of ZNF154 and ZNF132 expression and DNA methylation in independent patient cohort of about 500 head and neck cancer patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We also overexpressed these genes in HEK-293 cells, as well as the oral cancer cell line UM-SCC-1. RESULTS In 20 patients from the TCGA cohort of HNSCC patients where ZNF154 and ZNF132 DNA methylation and RNA expression could be compared in tumor and adjacent normal tissue, there was increased DNA methylation and decreased expression of both ZNF154 and ZNF132 in primary tumours. Low ZNF154 and low ZNF132 expression were associated with shorter overall survival in both head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC patients). While expression of these proteins in HEK-293 cells produced full-length protein, only truncated copies could be expressed in head and neck cancer cells (UM-SCC-1). The truncated version of ZNF154 protein increased doubling time and reduced cell migration in UM-SCC-1 cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Both ZNF132 and ZNF154 represent novel clinically significant biomarkers in head and neck cancer with potential tumour suppressive properties. Future studies will address the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ZNF154 expression in HNSCC contributes to the control of cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pearson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kendra Smith
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Nilita Sood
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Chia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Alicia Follett
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Michael B Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Simon Kirby
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Thomas J Belbin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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LncRNA PANTR1 is Associated with Poor Prognostic and Suppresses Apoptosis in Glioma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8537036. [PMID: 36861062 PMCID: PMC9970703 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8537036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor in the central nervous system. High-grade gliomas confer a poor prognosis, being a serious health and economic burden. Current literature suggests the important role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in mammals, especially in tumorigenesis of various tumors. The functions of lncRNA POU3F3 adjacent noncoding transcript 1 (PANTR1) have been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma but remain yet unclear in gliomas. We evaluated the role of PANTR1 in glioma cells using published data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), then validated it by ex vivo experiments. To investigate the potential cellular mechanism of different levels of PANTR1 expression in glioma cells, we used siRNA-mediated knockdown in low-grade (grade II) cell lines and GBM (grade IV) cell lines (SW1088 and SHG44, respectively). On the molecular level, low expression of PANTR1 caused significantly reduced glioma cell viability and enhanced cell death. Moreover, we identified the importance of PANTR1 expression for cell migration in both cell lines, a critical foundation for invasiveness in recurrent gliomas. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that PANTR1 has a relevant role in human glioma by influencing cell viability and cell death.
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10
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He J, Huang J, Tang G, Wang P, He M, Wei S. Low Expression of ZNF154 is Related to Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:659-672. [PMID: 35210862 PMCID: PMC8860727 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s340053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zinc finger protein 154 (ZNF154) has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple carcinomas. Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most intensively negative factor of gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. However, the potential mechanisms of ZNF154-mediated LN metastasis are not elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of ZNF154 in LN metastasis of GC and their underlying mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods Antitumor effect was measured by growth inhibition by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Xenograft models were used for validation in vivo. Results Our research showed that ZNF154 was down-regulated in 81.43% (57 of 70) of GC tissues compared with 58.6% of paired non-tumor tissues from patients, ZNF154 was down-regulated in 100% (7 of 7) of GC cell lines, up-regulated expression of ZNF154 in MGC-803 GC cells reduced cell proliferation, viability, migration and invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in G2 phase, and suppressed tumorigenicity of MGC-803 cells in mice. Furthermore, up-regulated expression of ZNF154 mRNA reduced the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A/C (VEGF-A/C). Conclusion ZNF154 inhibited LN metastasis of GC cells by suppressing several biological events of GC cells. ZNF154 was a tumor suppressor gene that is a promising target for blocking nodal involvement in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Lung Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming He
- Graduate School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoujiang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shoujiang Wei, Email
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Peng Y, Song Y, Wang H. Systematic Elucidation of the Aneuploidy Landscape and Identification of Aneuploidy Driver Genes in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:723466. [PMID: 35127694 PMCID: PMC8814427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is widely identified as a remarkable feature of malignancy genomes. Increasing evidences suggested aneuploidy was involved in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, no comprehensive analysis was conducted in PCa about the effects of aneuploidy on different omics and, especially, about the driver genes of aneuploidy. Here, we validated the association of aneuploidy with the progression and prognosis of PCa and performed a systematic analysis in mutation profile, methylation profile, and gene expression profile, which detailed the molecular process aneuploidy implicated. By multi-omics analysis, we managed to identify 11 potential aneuploidy driver genes (GSTM2, HAAO, C2orf88, CYP27A1, FAXDC2, HFE, C8orf88, GSTP1, EFS, HIF3A, and WFDC2), all of which were related to the development and metastasis of PCa. Meanwhile, we also found aneuploidy and its driver genes were correlated with the immune microenvironment of PCa. Our findings could shed light on the tumorigenesis of PCa and provide a better understanding of the development and metastasis of PCa; additionally, the driver genes could be promising and actionable therapeutic targets pointing to aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Wang,
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12
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Kaur G, Rathod SSS, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Ahmad J, Mishra A, Alhakamy NA. DNA Methylation: A Promising Approach in Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:90. [PMID: 35053088 PMCID: PMC8773419 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, in the mammalian genome, is an epigenetic modification that involves the transfer of a methyl group on the C5 position of cytosine to derive 5-methylcytosine. The role of DNA methylation in the development of the nervous system and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease has been an interesting research area. Furthermore, mutations altering DNA methylation affect neurodevelopmental functions and may cause the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative diseases are widely studied in different populations to uncover the plausible mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of the disease and detect novel biomarkers for early prognosis and future pharmacotherapeutic targets. In this manuscript, we summarize the association of DNA methylation with the pathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the potential of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker and therapeutic tool for neurogenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (S.S.S.R.)
| | - Suraj Singh S. Rathod
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (S.S.S.R.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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hsa_circ_0001275 Is One of a Number of circRNAs Dysregulated in Enzalutamide Resistant Prostate Cancer and Confers Enzalutamide Resistance In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246383. [PMID: 34945002 PMCID: PMC8715667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although newer generations of androgen deprivation therapy such as enzalutamide are providing hope, it is clinically challenging to deliver effective therapy to individuals with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Between 20–40% of patients have intrinsic resistance to therapy and all patients will ultimately experience disease progression due to acquired resistance, which is a significant clinical dilemma. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer as part of the effort to identify useful biomarkers for patient selection and potential new therapeutic targets. We confirmed that hsa_circ_0001275 was highly upregulated in an enzalutamide resistant cell line and demonstrated that its overexpression resulted in increased enzalutamide resistance. Our data showed that hsa_circ_0001275 was not expressed abundantly in patient plasma samples, however, a trend of expression was evident which paralleled disease activity indicating a possible association with enzalutamide resistance. Overall, we have provided evidence that hsa_circ_0001275 promotes enzalutamide resistance and thus may serve as a potential therapeutic target. Abstract Background: Enzalutamide is part of the treatment regimen for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC). However, both intrinsic and acquired resistance to the drug remain substantial clinical quandaries. circRNAs, a novel type of non-coding RNA, have been identified in a number of cancers including prostate cancer and have been associated with cancer development and progression. circRNAs have shown great potential as clinically useful blood-based ‘liquid biopsies’ and as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the role of circRNA transcripts in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and assess their utility as biomarkers. Methods: An isogenic cell line model of enzalutamide resistance was subjected to circRNA microarray profiling. Several differentially expressed circRNAs, along with their putative parental genes were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). circRNAs of interest were stably overexpressed in the control cell line and drug sensitivity was assessed using an ELISA-based proliferation assay. The candidate circRNA, hsa_circ_0001275, was measured in patient plasma samples using RT-droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR). Results: hsa_circ_0001275 and its parental gene, PLCL2, were significantly up-regulated in strongly resistant clones vs. control (p < 0.05). Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001275 in the control cell line resulted in increased resistance to enzalutamide (p < 0.05). While RT-ddPCR analysis of hsa_circ_0001275 expression in plasma samples of 44 clinical trial participants showed a trend that mirrored the stages of disease activity (as defined by PSA level), the association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Our data suggest that increased levels of hsa_circ_0001275 contribute to enzalutamide resistance. hsa_circ_0001275 plasma expression showed a trend that mirrors the PSA level at specific disease time points, indicating that circRNAs mirror disease recurrence and burden and may be associated with enzalutamide resistance.
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14
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Dovey ZS, Nair SS, Chakravarty D, Tewari AK. Racial disparity in prostate cancer in the African American population with actionable ideas and novel immunotherapies. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1340. [PMID: 33599076 PMCID: PMC8551995 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans (AAs) in the United States are known to have a higher incidence and mortality for Prostate Cancer (PCa). The drivers of this epidemiological disparity are multifactorial, including socioeconomic factors leading to lifestyle and dietary issues, healthcare access problems, and potentially tumor biology. RECENT FINDINGS Although recent evidence suggests once access is equal, AA men have equal outcomes to Caucasian American (CA) men, differences in PCa incidence remain, and there is much to do to reverse disparities in mortality across the USA. A deeper understanding of these issues, both at the clinical and molecular level, can facilitate improved outcomes in the AA population. This review first discusses PCa oncogenesis in the context of its diverse hallmarks before benchmarking key molecular and genomic differences for PCa in AA men that have emerged in the recent literature. Studies have emphasized the importance of tumor microenvironment that contributes to both the unequal cancer burden and differences in clinical outcome between the races. Management of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes will provide an essential means of reducing prostate cancer incidence in AA men. Although requiring further AA specific research, several new treatment strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors used in combination PARP inhibitors and other emerging vaccines, including Sipuleucel-T, have demonstrated some proven efficacy. CONCLUSION Genomic profiling to integrate clinical and genomic data for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment will allow physicians to plan a "Precision Medicine" approach to AA men. There is a pressing need for further research for risk stratification, which may allow early identification of AA men with higher risk disease based on their unique clinical, genomic, and immunological profiles, which can then be mapped to appropriate clinical trials. Treatment options are outlined, with a concise description of recent work in AA specific populations, detailing several targeted therapies, including immunotherapy. Also, a summary of current clinical trials involving AA men is presented, and it is important that policies are adopted to ensure that AA men are actively recruited. Although it is encouraging that many of these explore the lifestyle and educational initiatives and therapeutic interventions, there is much still work to be done to reduce incidence and mortality in AA men and equalize current racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Dovey
- The Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sujit S. Nair
- The Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Dimple Chakravarty
- The Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ashutosh K. Tewari
- The Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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15
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Ma S, Quan P, Yu C, Fan X, Yang S, Jia W, Zhang L, Wang F, Liu F, Yang L, Qin W, Yang X. PHLDA3 exerts an antitumor function in prostate cancer by down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via inhibition of Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:66-73. [PMID: 34303965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) is a novel tumor-related protein that mediates carcinogenesis of multiple cancers. However, the relevance of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer has not been explored. The purpose of this work was to illustrate the possible roles and mechanisms of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer. Our data showed strikingly lower abundance of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer, and that low levels of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer patients was associated with reduced survival. PHLDA3 was also weakly expressed in prostate cancer cells, and demethylation treatment dramatically up-regulated the expression level of PHLDA3. Up-regulation of PHLDA3 restrained proliferation, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells. In addition, up-regulation of PHLDA3 increased the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel In-depth research into the mechanism elucidated that PHLDA3 overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and suppressed the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt strikingly abolished PHLDA3-mediated inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. A xenograft assay revealed that prostate cancer cells with PHLDA3 overexpression displayed reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Collectively, these data document that PHLDA3 exerts an outstanding cancer-inhibiting role in prostate cancer by down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the inhibition of Akt. This work highlights PHLDA3 as a novel anticancer target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Ma
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Penghe Quan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaozheng Fan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- The Santa Catalina School, 1500 Mark Thomas Drive, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
| | - Weijing Jia
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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16
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Kukkonen K, Taavitsainen S, Huhtala L, Uusi-Makela J, Granberg KJ, Nykter M, Urbanucci A. Chromatin and Epigenetic Dysregulation of Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3325. [PMID: 34283056 PMCID: PMC8268970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of chromatin and epigenetics has been defined as the overarching cancer hallmark. By disrupting transcriptional regulation in normal cells and mediating tumor progression by promoting cancer cell plasticity, this process has the ability to mediate all defined hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we collect and assess evidence on the contribution of chromatin and epigenetic dysregulation in prostate cancer. We highlight important mechanisms leading to prostate carcinogenesis, the emergence of castration-resistance upon treatment with androgen deprivation therapy, and resistance to antiandrogens. We examine in particular the contribution of chromatin structure and epigenetics to cell lineage commitment, which is dysregulated during tumorigenesis, and cell plasticity, which is altered during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konsta Kukkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Laura Huhtala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Joonas Uusi-Makela
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Kirsi J. Granberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Daniunaite K, Bakavicius A, Zukauskaite K, Rauluseviciute I, Lazutka JR, Ulys A, Jankevicius F, Jarmalaite S. Promoter Methylation of PRKCB, ADAMTS12, and NAALAD2 Is Specific to Prostate Cancer and Predicts Biochemical Disease Recurrence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116091. [PMID: 34198725 PMCID: PMC8201120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular diversity of prostate cancer (PCa) has been demonstrated by recent genome-wide studies, proposing a significant number of different molecular markers. However, only a few of them have been transferred into clinical practice so far. The present study aimed to identify and validate novel DNA methylation biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis. Microarray-based methylome data of well-characterized cancerous and noncancerous prostate tissue (NPT) pairs was used for the initial screening. Ten protein-coding genes were selected for validation in a set of 151 PCa, 51 NPT, as well as 17 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples. The Prostate Cancer Dataset (PRAD) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for independent validation of our findings. Methylation frequencies of ADAMTS12, CCDC181, FILIP1L, NAALAD2, PRKCB, and ZMIZ1 were up to 91% in our study. PCa specific methylation of ADAMTS12, CCDC181, NAALAD2, and PRKCB was demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative means (all p < 0.05). In agreement with PRAD, promoter methylation of these four genes was associated with the transcript down-regulation in the Lithuanian cohort (all p < 0.05). Methylation of ADAMTS12, NAALAD2, and PRKCB was independently predictive for biochemical disease recurrence, while NAALAD2 and PRKCB increased the prognostic power of multivariate models (all p < 0.01). The present study identified methylation of ADAMTS12, NAALAD2, and PRKCB as novel diagnostic and prognostic PCa biomarkers that might guide treatment decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Daniunaite
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (I.R.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Arnas Bakavicius
- National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (K.Z.); (A.U.); (F.J.)
- Centre of Urology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Zukauskaite
- National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (K.Z.); (A.U.); (F.J.)
| | - Ieva Rauluseviciute
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (I.R.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (I.R.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Albertas Ulys
- National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (K.Z.); (A.U.); (F.J.)
| | - Feliksas Jankevicius
- National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (K.Z.); (A.U.); (F.J.)
- Centre of Urology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (I.R.); (J.R.L.)
- National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (K.Z.); (A.U.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-5-2190901; Fax: +370-5-2720164
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18
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Review of novel tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted medicine. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortality in both Canadian and American men. Currently, serum PSA level is the most commonly used test for the detection of prostate cancer, though the levels can also be elevated in benign conditions, has limited specificity and has a high rate of overdiagnosis and treatment of indolent disease. Consequently, in recent years, several investigations have been conducted to identify novel cancer biomarkers capable of both effective screening and diagnosis, as well as assisting to shift the diagnostic and treatment paradigm of prostate cancer towards more patient-specific and targeted medicine. The goal of this narrative review paper is to describe eleven novel and promising tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer capable to account for individual patient variabilities and have the potential for risk assessment, early detection and diagnosis, identification of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment and monitoring patient response to treatment.
Materials and methods:
We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on tissue-based biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Conclusions:
Emerging prostate cancer biomarkers have the potential to guide clinical decision-making since they have the potential to detect the disease early, measure the risk of developing the disease and the risk of progression, provide accurate information of patient response to a specific treatment and are capable of informing clinicians about the likely outcome of a cancer diagnosis independent of the treatment received. Therefore, the future holds promise for personalised and targeted medicine from prevention to diagnosis and treatment that considers the individual patient’s variabilities in the management of prostate cancer.
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19
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Biondi LR, Tedardi MV, Gentile LB, Chamas PPC, Dagli MLZ. Quantification of Global DNA Methylation in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors via Immunostaining of 5-Methylcytosine: Histopathological and Clinical Correlations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:628241. [PMID: 33718471 PMCID: PMC7947677 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms in non-neutered female dogs, with genetic and epigenetic alterations contributing to canine mammary carcinogenesis. This study quantified global DNA methylation in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-immunostained canine mammary tumor samples and established histopathological and clinical correlations. A total of 91 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mammary tumor samples from female dogs were retrospectively selected and subjected to immunohistochemistry using an anti-5mC mouse monoclonal antibody. We evaluated 5mC+ stained nuclei of neoplastic epithelial cells in canine mammary glands to obtain semiquantitative histoscores based on staining intensity. Survival rates were estimated based on owners' or veterinary records. Histological samples comprised 28 and 63 benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumors, respectively. Results revealed significant differences between global DNA methylation patterns when mammary samples were categorized as benign or malignant (p = 0.024), with hypomethylated patterns more prevalent in malignant tumors and those with higher relapse behavior (p = 0.011). Of note, large diameter (>5 cm) tumors revealed a lower methylation pattern (p = 0.028). Additionally, we found non-statistically significant differences when tumors were grouped by histopathological characteristics, clinical parameters, or survival. These findings propose global DNA methylation assessment as a promising tool for detecting canine mammary tumors with relapse propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Roberto Biondi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boffoni Gentile
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Costa Chamas
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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MYC DNA Methylation in Prostate Tumor Tissue Is Associated with Gleason Score. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010012. [PMID: 33374332 PMCID: PMC7823928 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of epigenetic mechanisms at chromosome 8q24, an important cancer genetic susceptibility region, in prostate cancer. We investigated whether MYC DNA methylation at 8q24 (six CpG sites from exon 3 to the 3′ UTR) in prostate tumor was associated with tumor aggressiveness (based on Gleason score, GS), and we incorporated RNA expression data to investigate the function. We accessed radical prostatectomy tissue for 50 Caucasian and 50 African American prostate cancer patients at the University of Maryland Medical Center, selecting an equal number of GS 6 and GS 7 cases per group. MYC DNA methylation was lower in tumor than paired normal prostate tissue for all six CpG sites (median difference: −14.74 to −0.20 percentage points), and we observed similar results for two nearby sites in The Cancer Genome Atlas (p < 0.0001). We observed significantly lower methylation for more aggressive (GS 7) than less aggressive (GS 6) tumors for three exon 3 sites (for CpG 212 (chr8:128753145), GS 6 median = 89.7%; GS 7 median = 85.8%; p-value = 9.4 × 10−4). MYC DNA methylation was not associated with MYC expression, but was inversely associated with PRNCR1 expression after multiple comparison adjustment (q-value = 0.04). Findings suggest that prostate tumor MYC exon 3 hypomethylation is associated with increased aggressiveness.
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21
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Lam D, Clark S, Stirzaker C, Pidsley R. Advances in Prognostic Methylation Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2993. [PMID: 33076494 PMCID: PMC7602626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a major clinical need for accurate biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis, to better inform treatment strategies and disease monitoring. Current clinically recognised prognostic factors, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, lack sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing aggressive from indolent disease, particularly in patients with localised intermediate grade prostate cancer. There has therefore been a major focus on identifying molecular biomarkers that can add prognostic value to existing markers, including investigation of DNA methylation, which has a known role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of DNA methylation biomarker studies in prostate cancer prognosis, and highlight the advances that have been made in this field. We cover the numerous studies into well-established candidate genes, and explore the technological transition that has enabled hypothesis-free genome-wide studies and the subsequent discovery of novel prognostic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys Lam
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (D.L.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Susan Clark
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (D.L.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Clare Stirzaker
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (D.L.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ruth Pidsley
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (D.L.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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22
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Chen S, Su J, Zhao Z, Shao Y, Dou Y, Li F, Deng W, Shi J, Li Q, Zuo X, Song S, Fan C. DNA Framework-Supported Electrochemical Analysis of DNA Methylation for Prostate Cancers. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7028-7035. [PMID: 32857520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations hold great promise as biomarkers for early stage cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, direct identification of rare methylated DNA in the genome remains challenging. Here, we report an ultrasensitive framework nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensor for quantitative and highly selective analysis of DNA methylation. Notably, we can detect 160 fg of methylated DNA in million-fold unmethylated DNA samples using this electrochemical methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (E-MSP) method. The high sensitivity of E-MSP enables one-step detection of low-abundance methylation at two different genes in patient serum samples. By using a combination test with two methylation alterations, we achieve high accuracy and sensitivity for reliable differentiation of prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). This new method sheds new light on translational use in early cancer diagnosis and in monitoring patients' responses to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jing Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yanzhi Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fuwu Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wangping Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiping Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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23
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Navarro-Martín L, Martyniuk CJ, Mennigen JA. Comparative epigenetics in animal physiology: An emerging frontier. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100745. [PMID: 33126028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented access to annotated genomes now facilitates the investigation of the molecular basis of epigenetic phenomena in phenotypically diverse animals. In this critical review, we describe the roles of molecular epigenetic mechanisms in regulating mitotically and meiotically stable spatiotemporal gene expression, phenomena that provide the molecular foundation for the intra-, inter-, and trans-generational emergence of physiological phenotypes. By focusing principally on emerging comparative epigenetic roles of DNA-level and transcriptome-level epigenetic mark dynamics in the emergence of phenotypes, we highlight the relationship between evolutionary conservation and innovation of specific epigenetic pathways, and their interplay as a priority for future study. This comparative approach is expected to significantly advance our understanding of epigenetic phenomena, as animals show a diverse array of strategies to epigenetically modify physiological responses. Additionally, we review recent technological advances in the field of molecular epigenetics (single-cell epigenomics and transcriptomics and editing of epigenetic marks) in order to (1) investigate environmental and endogenous factor dependent epigenetic mark dynamics in an integrative manner; (2) functionally test the contribution of specific epigenetic marks for animal phenotypes via genome and transcript-editing tools. Finally, we describe advantages and limitations of emerging animal models, which under the Krogh principle, may be particularly useful in the advancement of comparative epigenomics and its potential translational applications in animal science, ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, climate change science and wild-life conservation, as well as organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya 08034, Spain.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
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24
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Ye C, Ma S, Xia B, Zheng C. Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Identifies Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein 1 (CRIP1) as a Prognostic Gene Associated with Relapse in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7396-7406. [PMID: 31577790 PMCID: PMC6790098 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a high relapse rate and poor prognosis. This study aimed to use weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of gene coexpression networks to identify candidate prognostic biomarker genes in patients with AML and to investigate the expression of these genes in the human U937 cell line in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS RNA-seq data were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and included bone marrow samples and survival data of patients with AML (N=151), patients who did not relapse after treatment (N=119), and patients with relapse (N=40). Differentially expressed genes were identified, WGCNA was used to detect functional modules, and survival analysis was performed. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay investigated the proliferation of U937 cells transfected with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), shCRIP1, shHIST1H1C, and shHIST1H1E. RNA-seq analysis identified gene expression following CRIP1 knockdown. RESULTS Eighty-two genes were associated with both relapse and prognosis in patients with AML. There were two prognosis-related gene modules in the coexpression network. In the coexpression network, the histone cluster 1 H1 family member gene, HIST1H1C had the maximum relapse fold change, HIST1H1E had the lowest survival p-value, and the cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1) gene had the most edge numbers and was significantly associated with poor prognosis (P=0.0165786). RNA-seq data showed that there was a significant difference in gene expression after CRIP1 knockdown in U937 cells. CONCLUSIONS WGCNA of gene coexpression networks identified CRIP1 as a potential prognostic biomarker gene in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Ye
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Department of Blood Chemotherapy, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Cuiping Zheng
- Department of Blood Chemotherapy, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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25
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Patel PG, Wessel T, Kawashima A, Okello JBA, Jamaspishvili T, Guérard KP, Lee L, Lee AYW, How NE, Dion D, Scarlata E, Jackson CL, Boursalie S, Sack T, Dunn R, Moussa M, Mackie/ K, Ellis A, Marra E, Chin J, Siddiqui K, Hetou K, Pickard LA, Arthur-Hayward V, Bauman G, Chevalier S, Brimo F, Boutros PC, Lapointe PhD J, Bartlett JMS, Gooding RJ, Berman DM. A three-gene DNA methylation biomarker accurately classifies early stage prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1705-1714. [PMID: 31433512 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We identify and validate accurate diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer through a systematic evaluation of DNA methylation alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assembled three early prostate cancer cohorts (total patients = 699) from which we collected and processed over 1300 prostatectomy tissue samples for DNA extraction. Using real-time methylation-specific PCR, we measured normalized methylation levels at 15 frequently methylated loci. After partitioning sample sets into independent training and validation cohorts, classifiers were developed using logistic regression, analyzed, and validated. RESULTS In the training dataset, DNA methylation levels at 7 of 15 genomic loci (glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 [GSTP1], CCDC181, hyaluronan, and proteoglycan link protein 3 [HAPLN3], GSTM2, growth arrest-specific 6 [GAS6], RASSF1, and APC) showed large differences between cancer and benign samples. The best binary classifier was the GAS6/GSTP1/HAPLN3 logistic regression model, with an area under these curves of 0.97, which showed a sensitivity of 94%, and a specificity of 93% after external validation. CONCLUSION We created and validated a multigene model for the classification of benign and malignant prostate tissue. With false positive and negative rates below 7%, this three-gene biomarker represents a promising basis for more accurate prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak G Patel
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Wessel
- Life Sciences Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - John B A Okello
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Cardiac Genome Clinic, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Jamaspishvili
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karl-Philippe Guérard
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laura Lee
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Ying-Wah Lee
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan E How
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Dion
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chelsea L Jackson
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Boursalie
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Sack
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Dunn
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Moussa
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Departmant of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Mackie/
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Departmant of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Ellis
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Departmant of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Marra
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Departmant of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Chin
- Department of Surgery (Urology), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Khurram Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery (Urology), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Khalil Hetou
- Department of Surgery (Urology), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Glenn Bauman
- Division of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center and McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Urology and Human Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacques Lapointe PhD
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Gooding
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Hasanzad M, Sarhangi N, Aghaei Meybodi HR, Nikfar S, Khatami F, Larijani B. Precision Medicine in Non Communicable Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 8:1-18. [PMID: 32351905 PMCID: PMC7175610 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disease burden globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for the major part of death related to NCDs followed by different types of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes. As the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations have announced a 25% reduction in mortality of NCDs by 2025, different communities need to adopt preventive strategies for achieving this goal. Personalized medicine approach as a predictive and preventive strategy aims for a better therapeutic goal to the patients to maximize benefits and reduce harms. The clinical benefits of this approach are already realized in cancer targeted therapy, and its impact on other conditions needs more studies in different societies. In this review, we essentially describe the concept of personalized (or precision) medicine in association with NCDs and the future of precision medicine in prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Sarhangi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Bhatia V, Ateeq B. Molecular Underpinnings Governing Genetic Complexity of ETS-Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:1024-1038. [PMID: 31353123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inter- and intra-patient molecular heterogeneity of primary and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) confers variable clinical outcome and poses a formidable challenge in disease management. High-throughput integrative genomics and functional approaches have untangled the complexity involved in this disease and revealed a spectrum of diverse aberrations prevalent in various molecular subtypes, including ETS fusion negative. Emerging evidence indicates that SPINK1 upregulation, mutations in epigenetic regulators or chromatin modifiers, and SPOP are associated with the ETS-fusion negative subtype. Additionally, patients with defects in a DNA-repair pathway respond to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibition therapies. Furthermore, a new class of immunogenic subtype defined by CDK12 biallelic loss has also been identified in ETS-fusion-negative cases. This review focuses on the emerging molecular underpinnings driving key oncogenic aberrations and advancements in therapeutic strategies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Bhatia
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, U.P., India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, U.P., India.
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28
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Greene J, Baird AM, Casey O, Brady L, Blackshields G, Lim M, O'Brien O, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. Circular RNAs are differentially expressed in prostate cancer and are potentially associated with resistance to enzalutamide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10739. [PMID: 31341219 PMCID: PMC6656767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most forms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) for survival. While, enzalutamide provides a substantial survival benefit, it is not curative and many patients develop resistance to therapy. Although not yet fully understood, resistance can develop through a number of mechanisms, such as AR copy number gain, the generation of splice variants such as AR-V7 and mutations within the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the AR. circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNA, which can regulate the function of miRNA, and may play a key role in the development of drug resistance. circRNAs are highly resistant to degradation, are detectable in plasma and, therefore may serve a role as clinical biomarkers. In this study, AR-V7 expression was assessed in an isogenic model of enzalutamide resistance. The model consisted of age matched control cells and two sub-line clones displaying varied resistance to enzalutamide. circRNA profiling was performed on the panel using a high throughout microarray assay. Bioinformatic analysis identified a number of differentially expressed circRNAs and predicted five miRNA binding sites for each circRNA. miRNAs were stratified based on known associations with prostate cancer, and targets were validated using qPCR. Overall, circRNAs were more often down regulated in resistant cell lines compared with control (588 vs. 278). Of particular interest was hsa_circ_0004870, which was down-regulated in enzalutamide resistant cells (p ≤ 0.05, vs. sensitive cells), decreased in cells that highly express AR (p ≤ 0.01, vs. AR negative), and decreased in malignant cells (p ≤ 0.01, vs. benign). The associated parental gene was identified as RBM39, a member of the U2AF65 family of proteins. Both genes were down-regulated in resistant cells (p < 0.05, vs. sensitive cells). This is one of the first studies to profile and demonstrate discrete circRNA expression patterns in an enzalutamide resistant cell line model of prostate cancer. Our data suggests that hsa_circ_0004870, through RBM39, may play a critical role in the development of enzalutamide resistance in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Orla Casey
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Marvin Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | | | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Raymond McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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29
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Li X, Zhang W, Song J, Zhang X, Ran L, He Y. SLCO4C1 promoter methylation is a potential biomarker for prognosis associated with biochemical recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:99. [PMID: 31288850 PMCID: PMC6617673 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is a commonly diagnosed malignancy in males, especially in the western hemisphere. The extensive use of multiple biomarkers plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. However, the accuracy of biomarkers for PC prognosis needs to be urgently improved. This study aimed to identify a novel prognostic biomarker for PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially methylated CpG sites were identified from the GSE76938 dataset ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ) using R software version 3.1.4. Four significant CpG sites on the SLCO4C1 gene were found to be closely associated with prognosis in PC. Data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for validation. Co-expression and functional enrichment analyses were used to explore the roles of SLCO4C1 in molecular functions, biological processes and cellular components. Total RNA extraction and qRT-PCR were used to reveal the difference in SLCO4C1 expression between tumour and normal tissues. Bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS) was used to identify methylation levels at the CpG sites. RESULTS In the GSE76938 cohort, 10,206 CpG sites were identified to be differentially methylated in tumour versus normal prostate tissues. Among the CpG sites, four sites (cg06480736, cg19774478, cg19788741 and cg22149516) located in the promotor region (TSS200-1500) of SLCO4C1 were found to be significantly hypermethylated in tumour tissues. The results were validated in an independent dataset (TCGA PRAD cohort). In the cohort from TCGA, SLCO4C1 expression was negatively correlated with methylation levels at the four sites. The results of qRT-PCR validated that tumour tissues had a relatively lower expression of SLCO4C1. Bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS) further confirmed a higher methylation level at the SLCO4C1 promoter in tumour tissues. SLCO4C1 (cg06480736, cg19774478, cg19788741 and cg22149516) was identified as a significant promising biomarker for biochemical recurrence-free survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.01) and univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis: cg06480736 (HR 15.914, P < 0.001), cg19774478 (HR 9.001, P < 0.001), cg19788741 (HR 10.759, P = 0.003) and cg22149516 (HR 17.144, P = 0.006). However, three sites, namely, cg06480736 (HR 1.809, P = 0.049), cg19774478 (HR 1.903, P = 0.041) and cg22149516 (HR 2.316, P = 0.008), were confirmed in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS SLCO4C1 promoter methylation, including that at three CpG sites, namely, cg06480736, cg19774478 and cg22149516, is a potential biomarker for risk stratification and might offer significantly relevant prognostic information for PC patients after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Longke Ran
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yunfeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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30
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Zhou X, Jiao D, Dou M, Chen J, Li Z, Li Y, Liu J, Han X. Association of glutathione-S-transferase p1 gene promoter methylation and the incidence of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1939-1948. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Denys A, Allain F. The Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate 3- O-Sulfotransferases in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:507. [PMID: 31249810 PMCID: PMC6582251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the expression of heparan sulfate (HS)-modifying enzymes has been frequently observed in cancer. Consequently, dysregulation of the HS biosynthetic machinery results in dramatic changes in the HS structure, thereby impacting a range of pivotal cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and immune escape. HS 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs) catalyse the maturation step of glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfation within HS chains. Although seven HS3ST isozymes have been described in human, 3-O-sulfation is a rare modification and only a few biological processes have been described to be influenced by 3-O-sulfated HS. An aberrant expression of HS3STs has been reported in a variety of cancers. Thus, it was suggested that changes in the expression of these enzymes as a result of tumorigenesis or tumor growth may critically influence cancer cell behavior. In accordance with this assumption, a number of studies have documented the epigenetic repression of HS3ST2 and HS3ST3A in many cancers. However, the situation is not so clear, and there is accumulating evidence that HS3ST2, HS3ST3A, HS3ST3B, and HS3ST4 may also act as tumor-promoting enzymes in a number of cancer cells depending on their phenotypes and molecular signatures. In this mini-review, we focus on the recent insights regarding the abnormal expression of HS3STs in cancer and discuss the functional consequences on tumor cell behavior. In term of clinical outcome, further investigations are needed to explore the potential value of HS3STs and/or their 3-O-sulfated products as targets for therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Denys
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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Epiphanio TMF, Fernandes NCCDA, de Oliveira TF, Lopes PA, Réssio RA, Gonçalves S, Scattone NV, Tedardi MV, Kulikowski LD, Damasceno J, Loureiro APDM, Dagli MLZ. Global DNA methylation of peripheral blood leukocytes from dogs bearing multicentric non-Hodgkin lymphomas and healthy dogs: A comparative study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211898. [PMID: 30908498 PMCID: PMC6433272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are among the most common types of tumors in dogs, and they are currently accepted as comparative models of the disease in humans. Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation seem to play a key role in the development of hematopoietic neoplasms in humans, constitute a special mechanism of transcriptional control, and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Blood leukocyte DNA global methylation has been poorly investigated in dogs. The aim of this study is to examine whether peripheral blood global DNA methylation is associated with canine multicentric lymphomas. Peripheral venous blood samples from ten healthy dogs and nine dogs bearing multicentric lymphomas were collected, and the buffy coat was separated. Global DNA methylation was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). In both analyses, leukocytes from dogs with lymphoma presented lower global DNA methylation than in healthy dogs (HPLC: p = 0.027/ 5MeCyt immunoreactivity scores: p = 0.015). Moderate correlation was observed between the results obtained by HPLC and ICC (correlation coefficient = 0.50). For the identification of differently methylated genes between both groups, the Infinium Human Methylation (HM) EPIC BeadChip (850K) was used. Of the 853,307 CpGs investigated in the microarray, there were 34,574 probes hybridized in the canine samples. From this total, significant difference was observed in the methylation level of 8433 regions, and through the homologous and orthologous similarities 525 differently methylated genes were identified between the two groups. This study is pioneer in suggesting that dogs bearing non-Hodgkin lymphoma presented DNA global hypomethylation of circulating leukocytes compared with healthy dogs. Although canine samples were used in an assay developed specifically for human DNA, it was possible to identify differently methylated genes and our results reiterate the importance of the use of peripheral blood leukocytes in cancer research and possible new biomarkers targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacoscience, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Assis Lopes
- Veterinary Laboratory, Veterinary Image Institute, IVI, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves
- Veterinary Hemotherapy Center, Hemovet, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Náyra Villar Scattone
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jullian Damasceno
- Cytogenomic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bjerre MT, Strand SH, Nørgaard M, Kristensen H, Rasmussen AK, Mortensen MM, Fredsøe J, Mouritzen P, Ulhøi B, Ørntoft T, Borre M, Sørensen KD. Aberrant DOCK2, GRASP, HIF3A and PKFP Hypermethylation has Potential as a Prognostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051173. [PMID: 30866497 PMCID: PMC6429171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease and currently, accurate diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers are lacking. This study aimed to identify novel DNA hypermethylation markers for PCa with future potential for blood-based testing. Accordingly, to search for genes specifically hypermethylated in PCa tissue samples and not in blood cells or other cancer tissue types, we performed a systematic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation data (Infinium 450K array) available in the Marmal-aid database for 4072 malignant/normal tissue samples of various types. We identified eight top candidate markers (cg12799885, DOCK2, FBXO30, GRASP, HIF3A, MOB3B, PFKP, and TPM4) that were specifically hypermethylated in PCa tissue samples and hypomethylated in other benign and malignant tissue types, including in peripheral blood cells. Potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers was further assessed by the quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) analysis of 37 nonmalignant and 197 PCa tissue samples from an independent population. Here, all eight hypermethylated candidates showed high sensitivity (75–94%) and specificity (84–100%) for PCa. Furthermore, DOCK2, GRASP, HIF3A and PKFP hypermethylation was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP; 197 patients), independent of the routine clinicopathological variables. DOCK2 is the most promising single candidate marker (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.96 (1.24–3.10), adjusted p = 0.016; multivariate cox regression). Further validation studies are warranted and should investigate the potential value of these hypermethylation candidate markers for blood-based testing also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne T Bjerre
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Siri H Strand
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Maibritt Nørgaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Martin Mørck Mortensen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Fredsøe
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Peter Mouritzen
- Exiqon ⁻ a Qiagen company, Skelstedet 16, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Benedicte Ulhøi
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Torben Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Karina D Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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O'Reilly E, Tuzova AV, Walsh AL, Russell NM, O'Brien O, Kelly S, Dhomhnallain ON, DeBarra L, Dale CM, Brugman R, Clarke G, Schmidt O, O'Meachair S, Patil D, Pellegrini KL, Fleshner N, Garcia J, Zhao F, Finn S, Mills R, Hanna MY, Hurst R, McEvoy E, Gallagher WM, Manecksha RP, Cooper CS, Brewer DS, Bapat B, Sanda MG, Clark J, Perry AS. epiCaPture: A Urine DNA Methylation Test for Early Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 2019. [PMID: 30801051 PMCID: PMC6383793 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liquid biopsies that noninvasively detect molecular correlates of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) could be used to triage patients, reducing the burdens of unnecessary invasive prostate biopsy and enabling early detection of high-risk disease. DNA hypermethylation is among the earliest and most frequent aberrations in PCa. We investigated the accuracy of a six-gene DNA methylation panel (Epigenetic Cancer of the Prostate Test in Urine [epiCaPture]) at detecting PCa, high-grade (Gleason score greater than or equal to 8) and high-risk (D’Amico and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment] PCa from urine. Patients and Methods Prognostic utility of epiCaPture genes was first validated in two independent prostate tissue cohorts. epiCaPture was assessed in a multicenter prospective study of 463 men undergoing prostate biopsy. epiCaPture was performed by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in DNA isolated from prebiopsy urine sediments and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic and decision curves (clinical benefit). The epiCaPture score was developed and validated on a two thirds training set to one third test set. Results Higher methylation of epiCaPture genes was significantly associated with increasing aggressiveness in PCa tissues. In urine, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.64, 0.86, and 0.83 for detecting PCa, high-grade PCa, and high-risk PCa, respectively. Decision curves revealed a net benefit across relevant threshold probabilities. Independent analysis of two epiCaPture genes in the same clinical cohort provided analytical validation. Parallel epiCaPture analysis in urine and matched biopsy cores showed added value of a liquid biopsy. Conclusion epiCaPture is a urine DNA methylation test for high-risk PCa. Its tumor specificity out-performs that of prostate-specific antigen (greater than 3 ng/mL). Used as an adjunct to prostate-specific antigen, epiCaPture could aid patient stratification to determine need for biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Zhao
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang W, Shu P, Wang S, Song J, Liu K, Wang C, Ran L. ZNF154 is a promising diagnosis biomarker and predicts biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Gene 2018; 675:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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FitzGerald LM, Jung CH, Wong EM, Joo JE, Gould JA, Vasic V, Bassett JK, O'Callaghan N, Nottle T, Pedersen J, Giles GG, Southey MC. Obtaining high quality transcriptome data from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded diagnostic prostate tumor specimens. J Transl Med 2018; 98:537-550. [PMID: 29339835 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostic genomic biomarkers that can be measured at diagnosis to aid choice of treatment options are unavailable for most common cancers. This is due in part to the poor quality and quantity of available diagnostic specimens for discovery research and to limitations in genomic technologies. Recent technical advances now enable high-density molecular analyses using suboptimal biological specimens. Here we describe the optimization of a transcriptome-specific protocol for use with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) diagnostic prostate cancer (PrCa) specimens. We applied the Ion AmpliSeq Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Kit (AmpliSeq Kit) to RNA samples extracted from 36 tumor-enriched and 16 adjacent normal tissues (ADJNT) from 37 FFPE PrCa specimens over a series of eight pilot studies, incorporating protocol modifications from Pilots 2 to 5. Data quality were measured by (1) the total number of mapped reads; (2) the percentage of reads that mapped to AmpliSeq target regions (OnTarget%); (3) the percentage of genes on the AmpliSeq panel with a read count ≥10 (TargetsDetected%); and (4) comparing the gene read-count distribution of the prostate tissue samples with the median gene read-count distribution of cell line-derived RNA samples. Modifications incorporated into Pilot study 5 provided gene expression data equivalent to cell line-derived RNA samples. These modifications included the use of freshly cut slides for macrodissection; increased tissue section thickness (8 µm); RNA extraction using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit for FFPE (ThermoFisher); 18 target amplification cycles; and processing six samples per Ion PI chip. This protocol will facilitate the discovery of prognostic biomarkers for cancer by allowing researchers to exploit previously underutilized diagnostic FFPE specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel M FitzGerald
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Chol-Hee Jung
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ee Ming Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - JiHoon E Joo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jodee A Gould
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Medical Genomics Facility, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vivien Vasic
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Medical Genomics Facility, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil O'Callaghan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Nottle
- TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pedersen
- TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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37
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Hellec C, Delos M, Carpentier M, Denys A, Allain F. The heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3ST) 2, 3B and 4 enhance proliferation and survival in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194676. [PMID: 29547633 PMCID: PMC5856405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs) catalyze the final maturation step of heparan sulfates. Although seven HS3ST isozymes have been described in human, 3-O-sulfation is a relatively rare modification, and only a few biological processes have been described to be influenced by 3-O-sulfated motifs. A conflicting literature has recently reported that HS3ST2, 3A, 3B and 4 may exhibit either tumor-promoting or anti-oncogenic properties, depending on the model used and cancer cell phenotype. Hence, we decided to compare the consequences of the overexpression of each of these HS3STs in the same cellular model. We demonstrated that, unlike HS3ST3A, the other three isozymes enhanced the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells. Moreover, the colony forming capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells was markedly increased by the expression of HS3ST2, 3B and 4. No notable difference was observed between the three isozymes, meaning that the modifications catalyzed by each HS3ST had the same functional impact on cell behavior. We then demonstrated that overexpression of HS3ST2, 3B and 4 was accompanied by increased activation of c-Src, Akt and NF-κB and up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP. In line with these findings, we showed that HS3ST-transfected cells are more resistant to cell death induction by pro-apoptotic stimuli or NK cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that HS3ST2, 3B and 4 share the same pro-tumoral activity and support the idea that these HS3STs could compensate each other for loss of their expression depending on the molecular signature of cancer cells and/or changes in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hellec
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Maxime Delos
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Carpentier
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Agnès Denys
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Wei M, Jiao D, Han D, Wu J, Wei F, Zheng G, Guo Z, Xi W, Yang F, Xie P, Zhang L, Yang AG, Wang H, Qin W, Wen W. Knockdown of RNF2 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through the upregulation of TXNIP. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5323-5338. [PMID: 28029659 PMCID: PMC5354911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNF2, also known as RING1b or RING2, is identified as the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which mediates the mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A. RNF2 has been proved to have oncogenic function in many kinds of cancers, but the function of RNF2 in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been evaluated. Here we show that PCa tissues showed higher RNF2 expression than the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. Knockdown of RNF2 in PCa cells resulted in cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, and the growth of RNF2 knockdown PCa xenografts were obviously inhibited in nude mice. Gene microarray analysis was performed and tumor suppressor gene TXNIP was found to be significantly increased in RNF2 knockdown cells. Simultaneously knockdown of RNF2 and TXNIP can partially rescue the arrested cell cycle, increased apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in RNF2 single knockdown cells. Furthermore, ChIP assay result showed that RNF2 enriched at the TXNIP promoter, and the enrichment of RNF2 and ubiquitination of H2A in TXNIP promoter was obviously inhibited in RNF2 knockdown cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RNF2 functions as an oncogene in PCa and RNF2 may regulate the progression of PCa through the inhibition of TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Jieheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Feilong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Pin Xie
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
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Jin P, Chen H, Xie J, Zhou C, Zhu X. Essential role of microRNA-650 in the regulation of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B gene expression following transplantation: A novel mechanism behind the acute rejection of renal allografts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1840-1850. [PMID: 29039465 PMCID: PMC5716404 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is an effective final therapeutic procedure for patients with end-stage kidney failure. Although advanced immunosuppressive therapy is administered following transplantation, certain patients still suffer from acute allograft rejection. MicroRNAs (miRs) have a potential diagnostic and therapeutic value for acute renal allograft rejection; however, their underlying mechanism of action is largely unknown. In the present study, an increased level of miR-650 was identified to be associated with the downregulation of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (BCL11B) expression in acute renal allograft rejection. Furthermore, in vitro study using human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) transfected with a miR-650 mimic revealed that key characteristics of acute renal allograft rejection were observed, including apoptosis, the release of cytokines and the chemotaxis of macrophages, while the effects were reduced in HRGECs transfected with a miR-650 inhibitor. The existence of a conserved miR-650 binding site on the 3'-untranslated region of BCL11B mRNA was predicted by computational algorithms and confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of BCL11B with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased the apoptotic rate and significantly decreased the proliferation ability of HRGECs compared with the negative control group. HRGECs transfected with a combination of BCL11B siRNA and the miR-650 mimic demonstrated a significant increase in the rate of apoptosis compared with the control. These results suggest that the upregulation of miR-650 contributes to the development of acute renal allograft rejection by suppression of BCL11B, which leads to apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Thus, miR-650 and BCL11B may represent potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of acute renal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Centre of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Xie
- Centre of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Centre of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrong Zhu
- Centre of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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40
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Candidate tumor suppressor ZNF154 suppresses invasion and metastasis in NPC by inhibiting the EMT via Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85749-85758. [PMID: 29156753 PMCID: PMC5689643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is especially prevalent in southeast Asia and southern China, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. DNA methylation is associated with initiation and progression of tumors, including NPC. Through a genome-wide DNA methylation screening approach, we discovered ZNF154, but its methylation status and roles in NPC have not been investigated. Methods The methylation status of ZNF154 in NPC was detected with Methylation specific-PCR (MSP) and Quantitative Sequenom MassARRAY. The invasion and migration capacities were examined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays. The role of ZNF154 in NPC metastasis was clarified with experimental metastasis assay in vivo. Western blotting analysis was used to investigate protein changes followed by ZNF154 over-expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the association between ZNF154 methylation and prognosis in NPC. Results Compared to immortalized nasopharyngeal tissues and cells, ZNF154 expression was frequently downregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines due to promoter methylation. Demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) restored ZNF154 expression in NPC cell lines. Ectopic overexpression of ZNF154 in NPC cells inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro and lung nodule formation in an in vivo tumor metastasis assay. Mechanistic investigations suggested ZNF154 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway activation and prevents the EMT in NPC. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed hypermethylation of the ZNF154 promoter was associated with significantly poorer disease-free survival (P = 0.032) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.040) among patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. Conclusions Taken together, these findings define a novel role for ZNF154 as a tumor suppressor in NPC.
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Tanimoto K. Genetics of the hypoxia-inducible factors in human cancers. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:166-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kirby MK, Ramaker RC, Roberts BS, Lasseigne BN, Gunther DS, Burwell TC, Davis NS, Gulzar ZG, Absher DM, Cooper SJ, Brooks JD, Myers RM. Genome-wide DNA methylation measurements in prostate tissues uncovers novel prostate cancer diagnostic biomarkers and transcription factor binding patterns. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:273. [PMID: 28412973 PMCID: PMC5392915 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer lack specificity and sensitivity for detecting very early lesions. DNA methylation is a stable genomic modification that is detectable in peripheral patient fluids such as urine and blood plasma that could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. METHODS We measured genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in 73 clinically annotated fresh-frozen prostate cancers and 63 benign-adjacent prostate tissues using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. We overlaid the most significantly differentially methylated sites in the genome with transcription factor binding sites measured by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements consortium. We used logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the performance of candidate diagnostic models. RESULTS We identified methylation patterns that have a high predictive power for distinguishing malignant prostate tissue from benign-adjacent prostate tissue, and these methylation signatures were validated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project. Furthermore, by overlaying ENCODE transcription factor binding data, we observed an enrichment of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 binding in gene regulatory regions with higher DNA methylation in malignant prostate tissues. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation patterns are greatly altered in prostate cancer tissue in comparison to benign-adjacent tissue. We have discovered patterns of DNA methylation marks that can distinguish prostate cancers with high specificity and sensitivity in multiple patient tissue cohorts, and we have identified transcription factors binding in these differentially methylated regions that may play important roles in prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K. Kirby
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
- Present Address: TRM Oncology, 5901-C Peachtree Dunwoody Rd, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30328 USA
| | - Ryne C. Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
- Department of Genetics, Kaul Human Genetics Building, Suite 230, 720 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Brian S. Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | | | - David S. Gunther
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
- Present Address: University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Todd C. Burwell
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
- Present Address: Boeing Co., 499 Boeing Blvd, SW, Huntsville, AL 35824 USA
| | - Nicholas S. Davis
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
- Present Address: Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Zulfiqar G. Gulzar
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Room S287, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5118 USA
- Present Address: NuGEN technologies, 201 Industrial Rd #310, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA
| | - Devin M. Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Sara J. Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Room S287, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5118 USA
| | - Richard M. Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
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Liu Y. The context of prostate cancer genomics in personalized medicine. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3347-3353. [PMID: 28521441 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in males. Heterogeneous genomic aberrations may lead to prostate cancer onset, progression and metastasis. This heterogeneity also contributes to the variety in cancer risk and outcomes, different drug responses and progression, observed between individual patients. Classical prognostic factors, including prostate-specific antigen, Gleason Score and clinical tumor staging, are not sufficient to portray the complexity of a clinically relevant cancer diagnosis, risk prognosis, treatment choice and therapy monitoring. There is a requirement for novel genetic biomarkers in order to understand the oncogenic heterogeneity in a patient-personalized clinical setting and to improve the efficacy of risk prognosis and treatment choice. A number of biomarkers and gene panels have been established from patient sample cohort studies. These previous studies have provided distinct information to the investigation of heterogeneous malignancy in prostate cancer, which aids in clinical decision-making. Biomarker-guided therapies may facilitate the effective selection of drugs during early treatment; therefore, are beneficial to the individual patient. A non-invasive approach allows for convenient and repeated sampling to screen for cancer and monitor treatment response without the requirement for invasive tissue biopsies. With the current availability of numerous advanced technologies, reliable detection of the minimal tumor residues present following treatment may become clinical practice and, therefore, inform further in the field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
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MicroRNA expression patterns and target prediction in multiple myeloma development and malignancy. Genes Genomics 2017; 39:533-540. [PMID: 28458781 PMCID: PMC5387019 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes have emerged as key causes in the development and progression of multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, global microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling were performed for 27 MM (19 specimens and 8 cell lines) and 3 normal controls by microarray. miRNA-targets were identified by integrating the miRNA expression profiles with mRNA expression profiles of the matched samples (unpublished data). Two miRNAs were selected for verification by RT-qPCR (miR-150-5p and miR-4430). A total of 1791 and 8 miRNAs were over-expressed and under-expressed, respectively in MM compared to the controls (fold change ≥2.0; p < 0.05). The miRNA-mRNA integrative analysis revealed inverse correlation between 5 putative target genes (RAD54L, CCNA2, CYSLTR2, RASGRF2 and HKDC1) and 15 miRNAs (p < 0.05). Most of the differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance in MM. Some have never been described in association with MM (miR-33a, miR-9 and miR-211). Interestingly, our results revealed 2 miRNAs, which are closely related to B cell differentiation (miR-150 and miR-125b). For the first time, we suggest that miR-150 might be potential negative regulator for two critical cell cycle control genes, RAD54L and CCNA2, whereas miR-125b potentially target RAS and CysLT signaling proteins, namely RASGRF2 and CYSLTR2, respectively. This study has enhanced our understanding on the pathobiology of MM and opens up new avenues for future research in myelomagenesis.
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Li W, Liu J, Zou D, Cai X, Wang J, Wang J, Zhu L, Zhao L, Ou R, Xu Y. Exploration of bladder cancer molecular mechanisms based on miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1461-1468. [PMID: 28184944 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the complex molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were combined for systematic analyses. A total of 18 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from two mRNA expression datasets which consisted of 206 tumor and 74 normal tissues. Then, survival analysis based on the SurvExpress database showed that the common DEGs were able to significantly differentiate low- and high-risk groups in 4 public bladder cancer datasets (p<0.01). Notably, the tumor and normal samples were able to be almost clearly classified into 4 groups based on these identified common DEGs. In addition, 6 out of the 18 common DEGs, including ALDH1A1 and SRPX, are regulated by 6 reported miRNAs based on regulatory network analyses. Expression levels of the 6 DEGs were validated in 10 bladder cancer samples using RT-PCR, and the expression values were concordant with the microarray results. Collectively, our analyses indicated that various biological processes are involved in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Firstly, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair networks of cancer stem-like cells were regulated by high expression of ALDH1A1, and hence promoted tumor self-renewal or metastasis. Then, activation of HspB6 induced the angiogenesis process which provides necessary nutrition and oxygen for tumor cells. Moreover, downregulation of the expression of tumor-suppressor genes SRPX and FLNC further promoted apoptosis and metastasis. The identification of potential biological processes and genes can be helpful for the understanding of bladder cancer molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Di Zou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaye Cai
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jinmeng Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Massie CE, Mills IG, Lynch AG. The importance of DNA methylation in prostate cancer development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:1-15. [PMID: 27117390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After briefly reviewing the nature of DNA methylation, its general role in cancer and the tools available to interrogate it, we consider the literature surrounding DNA methylation as relating to prostate cancer. Specific consideration is given to recurrent alterations. A list of frequently reported genes is synthesized from 17 studies that have reported on methylation changes in malignant prostate tissue, and we chart the timing of those changes in the diseases history through amalgamation of several previously published data sets. We also review associations with genetic alterations and hormone signalling, before the practicalities of investigating prostate cancer methylation using cell lines are assessed. We conclude by outlining the interplay between DNA methylation and prostate cancer metabolism and their regulation by androgen receptor, with a specific discussion of the mitochondria and their associations with DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Massie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway; PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
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Skorodumova LO, Babalyan KA, Sultanov R, Vasiliev AO, Govorov AV, Pushkar DY, Prilepskaya EA, Danilenko SA, Generozov EV, Larin AK, Kostryukova ES, Sharova EI. [GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 gene methylation in prostate cancer samples: comparative analysis of MS-HRM method and Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip beadchiparray diagnostic value]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2016; 62:708-714. [PMID: 28026816 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166206708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear need in molecular markers for prostate cancer (PC) risk stratification. Alteration of DNA methylation is one of processes that occur during ÐÑ progression. Methylation-sensitive PCR with high resolution melting curve analysis (MS-HRM) can be used for gene methylation analysis in routine laboratory practice. This method requires very small amounts of DNA for analysis. Numerous results have been accumulated on DNA methylation in PC samples analyzed by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (HM450). However, the consistency of MS-HRM results with chip hybridization results has not been examined yet. The aim of this study was to assess the consistency of results of GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 gene methylation analysis in ÐÑ biopsy samples obtained by MS-HRM and chip hybridization. The methylation levels of each gene determined by MS-HRM were statistically different in the group of PC tissue samples and the samples without signs of tumor growth. Chip hybridization data analysis confirmed the results obtained with the MS-HRM. Differences in methylation levels between tumor tissue and histologically intact tissue of each sample determined by MS-HRM and chip hybridization, were consistent with each other. Thus, we showed that the assessment of GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 gene methylation analysis using MS-HRM is suitable for the design of laboratory assays that will differentiate the PC tissue from the tissue without signs of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Skorodumova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - K A Babalyan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - R Sultanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A O Vasiliev
- Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Govorov
- Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Y Pushkar
- Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Prilepskaya
- Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Danilenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Generozov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Larin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Kostryukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E I Sharova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
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Ectopic overexpression of filamin C scaffolds MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 to promote the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:167-176. [PMID: 27919788 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis are mediated by a complicated signal transduction network and downstream cytoskeletal and adhesion molecules. In this study, a microarray-based analysis revealed a dramatic increase in filamin C (FLNC), which is commonly expressed in muscle rather than in liver cells, in the two metastatic HCC cell lines MHCC97L and HCCLM3. Clinicopathological studies showed that increased FLNC expression was associated with microvascular invasion and poor prognosis. Specific hypomethylation was identified within the FLNC promoter region in HCC cell lines and patient tumor samples, which might contribute to the ectopic overexpression of FLNC. FLNC downregulation inhibited cell migration and impaired cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic studies suggested that FLNC interacts with mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and that FLNC downregulation inhibited MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activation. Xenographic tumor transplantation experiments in nude mice further confirmed the role of FLNC in HCC progression and metastasis. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which the cytoskeletal protein FLNC enhances the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway during tumorigenesis.
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Urban L, Charles F, de Miranda MRA, Aarrouf J. Understanding the physiological effects of UV-C light and exploiting its agronomic potential before and after harvest. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:1-11. [PMID: 27064192 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an abundant literature about the biological and physiological effects of UV-B light and the signaling and metabolic pathways it triggers and influences. Much less is known about UV-C light even though it seems to have a lot of potential for being effective in less time than UV-B light. UV-C light is known since long to exert direct and indirect inhibitory and damaging effects on living cells and is therefore commonly used for disinfection purposes. More recent observations suggest that UV-C light can also be exploited to stimulate the production of health-promoting phytochemicals, to extent shelf life of fruits and vegetables and to stimulate mechanisms of adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Clearly some of these effects may be related to the stimulating effect of UV-C light on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to the stimulation of antioxidant molecules and mechanisms, although UV-C light could also trigger and regulate signaling pathways independently from its effect on the production of ROS. Our review clearly underlines the high potential of UV-C light in agriculture and therefore advocates for more work to be done to improve its efficiency and also to increase our understanding of the way UV-C light is perceived and influences the physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 2139 - 84916, Avignon cedex 9, France.
| | - Florence Charles
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 2139 - 84916, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Maria Raquel Alcântara de Miranda
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Frutos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mr. Hull 2297 Bl. 907, Campus do Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 2139 - 84916, Avignon cedex 9, France
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Tekcham DS, Tiwari PK. Epigenetic regulation in gallbladder cancer: Promoter methylation profiling as emergent novel biomarkers. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 12:332-348. [PMID: 27385126 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, once considered to rule the sex determination in Mary Lyon's hypothesis, has now reached the epicenter of human diseases, from monogenic (e.g. Prader Willi syndrome, Angelman syndromes and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome) to polygenic diseases, like cancer. Technological developments from gold standard to high throughput technologies have made tremendous advancement to define the epigenetic mechanism of cancer. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a fatal health issue affecting mostly the middle-aged women, whose survival rate is very low due to late symptomatic diagnosis. DNA methylation has become one of the key molecular mechanisms in the tumorigenesis of gallbladder. Various molecules have been reported to be epigenetically altered in GBC. In this review, we have discussed the classes of epigenetics, an overview of DNA methylation, technological approaches for its study, profile of methylated genes, their likely roles in GBC, future prospects of biomarker development and other discovery approaches, including therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh Tekcham
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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