1
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Itonaga H, Mookhtiar AK, Greenblatt SM, Liu F, Martinez C, Bilbao D, Rains M, Hamard PJ, Sun J, Umeano AC, Duffort S, Chen C, Man N, Mas G, Tottone L, Totiger T, Bradley T, Taylor J, Schürer S, Nimer SD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CARM1 promotes its enzymatic activity and alters its target specificity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3415. [PMID: 38649367 PMCID: PMC11035800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An important epigenetic component of tyrosine kinase signaling is the phosphorylation of histones, and epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers. Phosphorylation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to enhance and impair their enzymatic activity. In this study, we show that the hyperactivation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the V617F mutation phosphorylates tyrosine residues (Y149 and Y334) in coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), an important target in hematologic malignancies, increasing its methyltransferase activity and altering its target specificity. While non-phosphorylatable CARM1 methylates some established substrates (e.g. BAF155 and PABP1), only phospho-CARM1 methylates the RUNX1 transcription factor, on R223 and R319. Furthermore, cells expressing non-phosphorylatable CARM1 have impaired cell-cycle progression and increased apoptosis, compared to cells expressing phosphorylatable, wild-type CARM1, with reduced expression of genes associated with G2/M cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. The presence of the JAK2-V617F mutant kinase renders acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells less sensitive to CARM1 inhibition, and we show that the dual targeting of JAK2 and CARM1 is more effective than monotherapy in AML cells expressing phospho-CARM1. Thus, the phosphorylation of CARM1 by hyperactivated JAK2 regulates its methyltransferase activity, helps select its substrates, and is required for the maximal proliferation of malignant myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Itonaga
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah M Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Masai Rains
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Afoma C Umeano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Luca Tottone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tulasigeri Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Terrence Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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2
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Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2): A Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37509370 PMCID: PMC10378128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2) is one of the main contributors to the human phosphoproteome. It is regarded as a possible therapeutic strategy in several malignant diseases, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy. CK2 is an important regulator of intracellular signaling in AML cells, especially PI3K-Akt, Jak-Stat, NFκB, Wnt, and DNA repair signaling. High CK2 levels in AML cells at the first time of diagnosis are associated with decreased survival (i.e., increased risk of chemoresistant leukemia relapse) for patients receiving intensive and potentially curative antileukemic therapy. However, it is not known whether these high CK2 levels can be used as an independent prognostic biomarker because this has not been investigated in multivariate analyses. Several CK2 inhibitors have been developed, but CX-4945/silmitasertib is best characterized. This drug has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in primary human AML cells. The preliminary results from studies of silmitasertib in the treatment of other malignancies suggest that gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicities are relatively common. However, clinical AML studies are not available. Taken together, the available experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the possible use of CK2 inhibition in the treatment of AML should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Targeting Pim kinases in hematological cancers: molecular and clinical review. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36694243 PMCID: PMC9875428 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research has recognized a solid role for Pim kinases in lymphoproliferative disorders. Often up-regulated following JAK/STAT and tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, Pim kinases regulate cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, cellular trafficking and signaling. Targeting Pim kinases represents an interesting approach since knock-down of Pim kinases leads to non-fatal phenotypes in vivo suggesting clinical inhibition of Pim may have less side effects. In addition, the ATP binding site offers unique characteristics that can be used for the development of small inhibitors targeting one or all Pim isoforms. This review takes a closer look at Pim kinase expression and involvement in hematopoietic cancers. Current and past clinical trials and in vitro characterization of Pim kinase inhibitors are examined and future directions are discussed. Current studies suggest that Pim kinase inhibition may be most valuable when accompanied by multi-drug targeting therapy.
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4
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Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1670-1694. [PMID: 36224343 PMCID: PMC9636149 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistance is a major drawback of molecular targeted therapy, and several strategies have been attempted to improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming such resistance. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding several targeted therapeutic agents, including classification, a brief biology of target kinases, mechanisms of action, examples of clinically used targeted therapy, and perspectives for future development.
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5
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Pasca S, Chifotides HT, Verstovsek S, Bose P. Mutational landscape of blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN-BP) and antecedent MPN. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 366:83-124. [PMID: 35153007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have an inherent tendency to evolve to the blast phase (BP), characterized by ≥20% myeloblasts in the blood or bone marrow. MPN-BP portends a dismal prognosis and currently, effective treatment modalities are scarce, except for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in selected patients, particularly those who achieve complete/partial remission. The mutational landscape of MPN-BP differs from de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in several key aspects, such as significantly lower frequencies of FLT3 and DNMT3A mutations, and higher incidence of IDH1/2 and TP53 in MPN-BP. Herein, we comprehensively review the impact of the three signaling driver mutations (JAK2 V617F, CALR exon 9 indels, MPL W515K/L) that constitutively activate the JAK/STAT pathway, and of the other somatic non-driver mutations (epigenetic, mRNA splicing, transcriptional regulators, and mutations in signal transduction genes) that cooperatively or independently promote MPN progression and leukemic transformation. The MPN subtype, harboring two or more high-molecular risk (HMR) mutations (epigenetic regulators and mRNA splicing factors) and "triple-negative" PMF are among the critical factors that increase risk of leukemic transformation and shorten survival. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is the most aggressive MPN; and polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are relatively indolent subtypes. In PV and ET, mutations in splicing factor genes are associated with progression to myelofibrosis (MF), and in ET, TP53 mutations predict risk for leukemic transformation. The advent of targeted next-generation sequencing and improved prognostic scoring systems for PMF inform decisions regarding allo-HSCT. The emergence of treatments targeting mutant enzymes (e.g., IDH1/2 inhibitors) or epigenetic pathways (BET and LSD1 inhibitors) along with new insights into the mechanisms of leukemogenesis will hopefully lead the way to superior management strategies and outcomes of MPN-BP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Pasca
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helen T Chifotides
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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6
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Karantanos T, Teodorescu P, Perkins B, Christodoulou I, Esteb C, Varadhan R, Helmenstine E, Rajkhowa T, Paun BC, Bonifant C, Dalton WB, Gondek LP, Moliterno AR, Levis MJ, Ghiaur G, Jones RJ. The role of the atypical chemokine receptor CCRL2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8952. [PMID: 35179961 PMCID: PMC8856621 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of new pathways supporting the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) primitive cells growth is required to develop targeted therapies. Within myeloid malignancies, men have worse outcomes than women, suggesting male sex hormone-driven effects in malignant hematopoiesis. Androgen receptor promotes the expression of five granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor-regulated genes. Among them, CCRL2 encodes an atypical chemokine receptor regulating cytokine signaling in granulocytes, but its role in myeloid malignancies is unknown. Our study revealed that CCRL2 is up-regulated in primitive cells from patients with MDS and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). CCRL2 knockdown suppressed MDS92 and MDS-L cell growth and clonogenicity in vitro and in vivo and decreased JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 phosphorylation. CCRL2 coprecipitated with JAK2 and potentiated JAK2-STAT interaction. Erythroleukemia cells expressing JAK2V617F showed less effect of CCRL2 knockdown, whereas fedratinib potentiated the CCRL2 knockdown effect. Conclusively, our results implicate CCRL2 as an MDS/sAML cell growth mediator, partially through JAK2/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandy Perkins
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ilias Christodoulou
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Esteb
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins/Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Helmenstine
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trivikram Rajkhowa
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan C. Paun
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Challice Bonifant
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Brian Dalton
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lukasz P. Gondek
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison R. Moliterno
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Mark J. Levis
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J. Jones
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Chen H, Li M, Ng N, Yu E, Bujarski S, Yin Z, Wen M, Hekmati T, Field D, Wang J, Nassir I, Yu J, Huang J, Daniely D, Wang CS, Xu N, Spektor TM, Berenson JR. Ruxolitinib reverses checkpoint inhibition by reducing programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and increases anti-tumour effects of T cells in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:568-576. [PMID: 33341940 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) tumour cells evade host immunity through a variety of mechanisms, which may potentially include the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1):programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) axis. This interaction contributes to the immunosuppressive bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, ultimately leading to reduced effector cell function. PD-L1 is overexpressed in MMBM and is associated with the resistance to immune-based approaches for treating MM. Ruxolitinib (RUX), an inhibitor of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of protein tyrosine kinases, is approved for myeloproliferative diseases. We investigated the effects of RUX alone or in combination with anti-MM agents on the expression of PD-L1 and T-cell cytotoxicity in MM. We showed that the expression of the PD-L1 gene was markedly increased in BM mononuclear cells from patients with MM with progressive disease versus those in complete remission. Furthermore, RUX treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of PD-L1 gene expression in the MM tumour cells cultured alone or co-cultured with stromal cells compared with untreated cells. The results also demonstrated that RUX increased MM cell apoptosis in the presence of interleukin-2-stimulated T cells to a similar degree as the treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies. In summary, these results indicate that RUX can block PD-L1 expression resulting in augmentation of anti-MM effects of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Chen
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Mingjie Li
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Ng
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Erin Yu
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Sean Bujarski
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyi Yin
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Mingxiang Wen
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Tara Hekmati
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Field
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Jasper Wang
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Nassir
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Janna Yu
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Justin Huang
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - David Daniely
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Cathy S Wang
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Ning Xu
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | | | - James R Berenson
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA
- Oncotherapeutics, West Hollywood, CA, USA
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8
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Favoino E, Prete M, Catacchio G, Ruscitti P, Navarini L, Giacomelli R, Perosa F. Working and safety profiles of JAK/STAT signaling inhibitors. Are these small molecules also smart? Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102750. [PMID: 33482338 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway is an important intracellular route through which many different extracellular soluble molecules, by reaching membrane receptors, can signal the nucleus. The spectrum of soluble molecules that use the JAK/STAT pathway through their corresponding receptors is quite large (almost 50 different molecules), and includes some cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated diseases. Such diseases, when left untreated, present an evident hyperactivation of JAK/STAT signaling. Therefore, given the pathogenetic role of JAK/STAT, drugs known as JAK inhibitors (JAKi), that target one or more JAKs, have been developed to counteract JAK/STAT signal hyperactivation. As some hematological malignancies present an intrinsic JAK/STAT hyperactivation due to a JAK mutation, some JAKi have also been successfully used in this context. Regulatory agencies for drug administration in different countries have already approved a few JAKi in the setting of either immune-mediated diseases or hematological malignancies. Aim of this review is to describe the physiology of intracellular JAK/STAT pathway signaling and the pathological conditions associated to its dysregulation. Then, the rationale for targeting JAK in rheumatic autoimmune diseases is discussed, along with clinical data from registration studies showing the efficacy of these drugs. Finally, the excellent safety profile of JAKi is discussed in the context of the apparent poor specificity of JAK/STAT pathway signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Favoino
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Giacomo Catacchio
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Navarini
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy.
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9
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Ku J, Kim R, Kim D, Kim D, Song S, Lee K, Lee N, Kim M, Yoon SS, Kwon NH, Kim S, Kim Y, Koh Y. Single-cell analysis of AIMP2 splice variants informs on drug sensitivity and prognosis in hematologic cancer. Commun Biol 2020; 3:630. [PMID: 33128014 PMCID: PMC7599330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2) is a non-enzymatic component required for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. While exon 2 skipping alternatively spliced variant of AIMP2 (AIMP2-DX2) compromises AIMP2 activity and is associated with carcinogenesis, its clinical potential awaits further validation. Here, we found that AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 expression ratio is strongly correlated with major cancer signaling pathways and poor prognosis, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Analysis of a clinical patient cohort revealed that AIMP2-DX2 positive AML patients show decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. We also developed targeted RNA-sequencing and single-molecule RNA-FISH tools to quantitatively analyze AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 ratios at the single-cell level. By subclassifying hematologic cancer cells based on their AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 ratios, we found that downregulating AIMP2-DX2 sensitizes cells to anticancer drugs only for a subgroup of cells while it has adverse effects on others. Collectively, our study establishes AIMP2-DX2 as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for hematologic cancer. Ku, Kim et al develop a method to analyse the ratio of the alternatively spliced variant of AIMP2 to full length AIMP via single-molecule RNA-FISH. They can subclassify hematologic cancer based on AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 ratio and find that cells with high AIMP2-DX2 ratio can be sensitized to chemotherapy drugs by depleting AIMP2-DX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - MinA Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhong Y, Qiu RZ, Sun SL, Zhao C, Fan TY, Chen M, Li NG, Shi ZH. Small-Molecule Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Inhibitors: An Attractive and Efficient Method for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12403-12428. [PMID: 32659083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is an important member of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, which is involved in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes. In recent years, increasing evidence have demonstrated that the activation and mutation of FLT3 is closely implicated in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The exploration of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FLT3 has aroused wide interest of pharmaceutical chemists and is expected to bring new hope for AML therapy. In this review, we specifically highlighted FLT3 mediated JAK/STAT, RAS/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The structural properties and biological activities of representative FLT3 inhibitors reported from 2014 to the present were also summarized. In addition, the major challenges in the current advance of novel FLT3 inhibitors were further analyzed, with the aim to guide future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Run-Ze Qiu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Fan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Chen
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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11
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Roles of T875N somatic mutation in the activity, structural stability of JAK2 and the transformation of OCI-AML3 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:1030-1040. [PMID: 31299252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in JAK2 have been described in patients with various hematologic malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms. However, mechanism of these mutations in JAK2's activity, structural stability and pathology of AML remains poorly understood. The JAK2 T875N somatic mutation has been detected in about 5.2% of AML patients. But the structural basis and mechanism of JAK2 T875N mutation in the pathology of AML is still unclear. Our results suggested that JAK2 T875N mutation disrupted the T875 and D873 interaction which destroyed the compact structure of JH1 domain, forced it into the active conformation, facilitated the entrance of substrate and thus led to JAK2 hyperactivation. Mutations (T875N, T875A, D873A and D873G) disrupted the T875 and D873 interaction enhanced JAK2's activity, decreased its structural stability and JH2 domain's activity which further enhanced JAK2's activity, while mutations (T875R, D873E, T875R/D873E) repaired this interaction displayed opposite results. Moreover, JAK2 T875N mutation enhanced the activity of JAK2-STAT5 pathway, promoted the proliferation and transformation of OCI-AML3 cells. This study provides clues in understanding structural basis of T875N mutation caused JAK2 hyperactivation and its roles in the pathology of AML.
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12
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Wu QY, Ma MM, Zhang S, Cao J, Yan ZL, Chen C, Li ZY, Zeng LY, Wang XY, Li F, Xu KL. Disruption of R867 and Y613 interaction plays key roles in JAK2 R867Q mutation caused acute leukemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:209-219. [PMID: 31199972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) mediates downstream signaling of cytokine receptors in all hematological lineages, constitutively active somatic JAK2 mutations were important for the leukemogenesis of acute leukemia (AL). The JAK2 R867Q somatic mutation is detected in a subset of AL patients. However, roles of JAK2 R867Q mutation in the pathogenesis of AL remain unclear. In this study, homology modeling analysis showed that loss of interaction between R867 and Y613 disrupted the JAK2 JH1/JH2 domain's interactions was responsible for its activation. JAK2 R867Q and mutations (R867A and R867G) abolished this interaction caused JAK2 constitutive activation. While, mutations (R867K, Y613E, R867K/Y613E) repairing this interaction reduced JAK2 R867Q mutation's activity. Furthermore, our studies showed that abolished R867 and Y613 interaction disrupted JH1/JH2 domains' interactions and led to JAK2 constitutive activation. More importantly, mutations (R867Q, R867A and R867G) disrupted this interaction enhanced the activity of JAK2-STAT5 pathway and the proliferation of Ba/F3 and MV4-11 cells. Further study showed that JAK2 R867Q mutation promoted the expression of proliferation marker and inhibited the differentiation marker of Ba/F3 and MV4-11 cells. Thus our studies provide clues in understanding the pathogenesis of JAK2 R867Q mutation in AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ma
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai-Lin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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de Noronha TR, Mitne-Neto M, Chauffaille MDL. JAK2-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: comparison of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNPa) findings between two cases. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2019; 9:e2018084. [PMID: 31086779 PMCID: PMC6476558 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2018.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2 mutations are rare in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and JAK2-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients usually have a previous history of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Current advances in laboratory techniques, such as single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNPa) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have facilitated new insight into the molecular basis of hematologic diseases. Herein, we present two cases of JAK2-mutated AML in which both SNPa and NGS methods added valuable information. Both cases had leukemogenic collaboration, namely, copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH), detected on chromosome 9. One of the cases exhibited both JAK2 and IDH2 mutations, most likely having originated as an MPN with leukemic transformation, while the other case was classified as a de novo AML with JAK2, CEBPA, and FLT3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes Chauffaille
- Federal University of São Paulo, Division of Hematology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Fleury Group, Research and Development. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Wu QY, Ma MM, Zhang S, Liu Y, Cao J, Yan ZL, Li ZY, Zeng LY, Wang XY, Li F, Xu KL. Loss of K607 and E877 interaction is a key reason for JAK2 K607N mutation caused acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1123-1131. [PMID: 30521925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is recurrent in human leukemia. The acquired Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) K607N somatic mutation was detected in about 6.8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, roles of JAK2 K607N mutation in the leukemogenesis of AML remain unclear. In this study, loss of interaction between K607 and E877 was identified as key reasons for JAK2 K607N mutation constitutive activation. JAK2 K607N and mutations (K607A, K607G and E877A) abolished the K607 and E877 interaction caused JAK2 constitutive activation. While, mutations (K607R, E877D) repairing this interaction reduced K607N mutation's activity. Furthermore, our studies showed that disruption of K607 and E877 interaction abolished JH1/JH2 domains' interactions and led to JAK2 constitutive activation. More importantly, JAK2 K607N and mutations disrupted this interaction enhanced JAK2-STAT5 pathway activation and the proliferation of Ba/F3 cells. Thus our studies provide clues in understanding the leukemogenesis of JAK2 K607N mutation in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ma
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China.
| | - Kai-Lin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Li Y, Zhang XY, Han J, Wang L. Analysis of clinical characteristics of bone marrow proliferative tumor progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2018; 23:469-472. [PMID: 30452397 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-171145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze Chinese patients who developed acute leukemia after being diagnosed and treated for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and compare the findings of this series with similar studies from literature. METHODS Nine patients who progressed to leukemia after being diagnosed with MPN were included into the present study. Clinical data including age, treatment modalities and duration of use in the myeloproliferative phase, latency to leukemic transformation (LT), characteristics of leukemia, chemotherapy administration, and survival after LT were examined. Furthermore, factors associated with leukemia transformation were analyzed. RESULTS Over a 13-year period, nine patients had LT in 192 Ph-negative MPNs. Among these patients, two patients had polycythemia vera (PV), three patients had essential thrombocythemia (ET), and four patients had myelofibrosis (MF). The median age at MPN diagnosis was 51 years old (range: 42-69 years old), and the median age upon reaching LT was 57 years old (range: 46-72 years old). Furthermore, the median latency to LT was 72.8 months (range: 7-144 months). Five patients had cytogenetic abnormalities (62.5%), with abnormalities in chromosomes -5, +8 and -7 being common. Eight patients underwent the JAK2 V617F gene test when diagnosed with MPN. The prognosis of patients with LT was poor, and the average survival time was 6.7 months. This was not correlated with the treatment. CONCLUSION LT in Ph-negative MPNs is rare, and has poor prognosis, which has been consistently reported in a number of studies, However, this needs to be further confirmed through larger studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- China
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/diagnosis
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/epidemiology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Primary Myelofibrosis/diagnosis
- Primary Myelofibrosis/epidemiology
- Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics
- Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology
- Prognosis
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/diagnosis
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/epidemiology
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/genetics
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/pathology
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16
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Li CW, Lai TY, Chen BS. Changes of signal transductivity and robustness of gene regulatory network in the carcinogenesis of leukemic subtypes via microarray sample data. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23636-23660. [PMID: 29805763 PMCID: PMC5955113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation accumulation and epigenetic alterations in genes are important for carcinogenesis. Because leukemogenesis-related signal pathways have been investigated and microarray sample data have been produced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and normal cells, systems analysis in coupling pathways becomes possible. Based on system modeling and identification, we could construct the coupling pathways and their associated gene regulatory networks using microarray sample data. By applying system theory to the estimated system model in coupling pathways, we can then obtain transductivity sensitivity, basal sensitivity and error sensitivity of each protein to identify the potential impact of genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations and the coupling of other pathways from the perspective of energy, respectively. By comparing the results in AML, MDS and normal cells, we investigated the potential critical genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations that activate or repress specific cellular functions to promote MDS or AML leukemogenesis. We suggested that epigenetic modification of β-catenin and signal integration of CSLs, AP-2α, STATs, c-Jun and β-catenin could contribute to cell proliferation at AML and MDS. Epigenetic regulation of ERK and genetic mutation of p53 could lead to the repressed apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in leukemic cells. Genetic mutation of JAK, epigenetic regulation of ERK, and signal integration of C/EBPα could result in the promotion of MDS cell differentiation. According to the results, we proposed three drugs, decitabine, genistein, and monorden for preventing AML leukemogenesis, while three drugs, decitabine, thalidomide, and geldanamycin, for preventing MDS leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Lai
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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17
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Bruserud Ø, Aasebø E, Hernandez-Valladares M, Tsykunova G, Reikvam H. Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia - the biological background for possible strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1053-1065. [PMID: 28748730 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1356818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy, caused by the accumulation of immature leukemic blasts in blood and bone marrow. There is a relatively high risk of chemoresistant relapse even for the younger patients who can receive the most intensive antileukemic treatment. Treatment directed against the remaining leukemic and preleukemic stem cells will most likely reduce the risk of later relapse. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches. The authors searched for original articles and recent reviews describing (i) the characteristics of leukemic/preleukemic stem cells; (ii) the importance of the bone marrow stem cell niches in leukemogenesis; and (iii) possible therapeutic strategies to target the preleukemic/leukemic stem cells. Expert opinion: Leukemia relapse/progression seems to be derived from residual chemoresistant leukemic or preleukemic stem cells, and a more effective treatment directed against these cells will likely be important to improve survival both for patients receiving intensive treatment and leukemia-stabilizing therapy. Several possible strategies are now considered, including the targeting of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, proapoptotic intracellular signaling, cell metabolism, telomere activity and the AML-supporting effects by neighboring stromal cells. Due to disease heterogeneity, the most effective stem cell-directed therapy will probably differ between individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,c Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,c Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Galina Tsykunova
- b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
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18
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Li Q, Li B, Hu L, Ning H, Jiang M, Wang D, Liu T, Zhang B, Chen H. Identification of a novel functional JAK1 S646P mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:34687-34697. [PMID: 28410228 PMCID: PMC5471003 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is approaching 90%, while the prognosis of adults remains poor due to the limited therapeutic approaches. In order to identify new targets for ALL, we performed whole-exome sequencing on four adults with B-ALL and discovered a somatic JAK1 S646P mutation. Sanger sequencing of JAK1 was conducted on 53 ALL patients, and two cases exhibited A639G and P960S mutations separately. Functional studies demonstrated that only JAK1 S646P mutation could activate multiple signaling pathways, drive cytokine-independent cell growth, and promote proliferation of malignant cells in nude mice. Moreover, a high sensitivity to the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib was observed in S646P mutant model. Exploration in a total of 209 ALL cases showed that JAK1 mutations occur at a frequency of 10.5% in T-ALL (2/19) and 1.6% in B-ALL (3/190). Collectively, our results suggested that JAK1 S646P is an activating mutation in vitro and in vivo. JAK-STAT pathway might represent a promising therapeutic target for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Botao Li
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangding Hu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danhong Wang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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The Role of PI3K Isoforms in Regulating Bone Marrow Microenvironment Signaling Focusing on Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040029. [PMID: 28350342 PMCID: PMC5406704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of novel treatments in the past 15 years, many blood cancers still remain ultimately fatal and difficult to treat, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM). While significant progress has been made characterising small-scale genetic mutations and larger-scale chromosomal translocations that contribute to the development of various blood cancers, less is understood about the complex microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM), which is known to be a key player in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), AML and MM. This niche acts as a sanctuary for the cancerous cells, protecting them from chemotherapeutics and encouraging clonal cell survival. It does this by upregulating a plethora of signalling cascades within the malignant cell, with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway taking a critical role. This review will focus on how the PI3K pathway influences disease progression and the individualised role of the PI3K subunits. We will also summarise the current clinical trials for PI3K inhibitors and how these trials impact the treatment of blood cancers.
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20
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Tsuruta-Kishino T, Koya J, Kataoka K, Narukawa K, Sumitomo Y, Kobayashi H, Sato T, Kurokawa M. Loss of p53 induces leukemic transformation in a murine model of Jak2 V617F-driven polycythemia vera. Oncogene 2017; 36:3300-3311. [PMID: 28068330 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) worsens the clinical outcome, reducing the inherent risk of the critical event in MPN cases could be beneficial. Among genetic alterations concerning the transformation, the frequent one is TP53 mutation. Here we show that retroviral overexpression of Jak2 V617F mutant into wild-type p53 murine bone marrow cells induced polycythemia vera (PV) in the recipient mice, whereas Jak2 V617F-transduced p53-null mice developed lethal leukemia after the preceding PV phase. The leukemic mice had severe anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary hemorrhage and expansion of dysplastic erythroid progenitors. Primitive leukemia cells (c-kit+Sca1+Lin- (KSL) and CD34-CD16/32-c-kit+Sca1-Lin- (megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor; MEP)) and erythroid progenitors (CD71+) from Jak2 V617F-transduced p53-null leukemic mice had leukemia-initiating capacity, however, myeloid differentiated populations (Mac-1+) could not recapitulate the disease. Interestingly, recipients transplanted with CD71+ cells rapidly developed erythroid leukemia, which was in sharp contrast to leukemic KSL cells to cause lethal leukemia after the polycythemic state. The leukemic CD71+ cells were more sensitive to INCB18424, a potent JAK inhibitor, than KSL cells. p53 restoration could ameliorate Jak2 V617F-transduced p53-null erythroleukemia. Taken together, our results show that p53 loss is sufficient for inducing leukemic transformation in Jak2 V617F-positive MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuruta-Kishino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Koya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kataoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Narukawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sumitomo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Oncology Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Balassa K, Krahling T, Remenyi P, Batai A, Bors A, Kiss KP, Torbagyi E, Gopcsa L, Lengyel L, Barta A, Varga G, Tordai A, Masszi T, Andrikovics H. Recipient and donor JAK2 46/1 haplotypes are associated with acute graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:391-398. [PMID: 27389386 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1198956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic polymorphisms have been implicated to affect the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The role of cytokines in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is well established and many of the involved cytokines signal through the Janus kinase (JAK) pathways. In this study, we assessed the association of recipient and donor JAK2 46/1 haplotypes and allo-HSCT outcome in a cohort of 124 acute myeloid leukemia patients. Both, recipient and donor 46/1 haplotypes significantly affected aGvHD grades II-IV development (p = 0.006 and p = 0.031, respectively), furthermore the influence of the haplotypes seemed to be additive. In multivariate analyses the recipient haplotype remained independently related (p = 0.012) to aGvHD, while the donor not (p = 0.08). We observed significantly less relapses among haplotype carriers (p = 0.004), but overall survival did not differ (p = 0.732). Our findings suggest that recipient and donor JAK2 46/1 haplotypes might be involved in the regulation of aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Balassa
- a School of PhD Studies , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics , Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tunde Krahling
- a School of PhD Studies , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics , Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Peter Remenyi
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Arpad Batai
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Andras Bors
- b Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics , Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Piroska Kiss
- b Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics , Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Eva Torbagyi
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Laszlo Gopcsa
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lilla Lengyel
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Aniko Barta
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gergely Varga
- d 3rd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Attila Tordai
- b Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics , Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service , Budapest , Hungary.,e Department of Pathophysiology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tamas Masszi
- c Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation , St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital , Budapest , Hungary.,d 3rd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Andrikovics
- b Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics , Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service , Budapest , Hungary
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LIN XIAOCONG, XU YONG, SUN GUOPING, WEN JINLI, LI NING, ZHANG YUMING, YANG ZHIGANG, ZHANG HAITAO, DAI YONG. Molecular dysfunctions in acute myeloid leukemia revealed by integrated analysis of microRNA and transcription factor. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2367-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Course of Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:50-5. [PMID: 27408354 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycythemia vera (PV) is one of the most common forms of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Acute myeloid leukemia secondary to PV is well reported, and the mechanism has been clarified to some extent. Only a limited number of cases have been reported about the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the course of PV, and the possible underlying mechanism has not been explored well. CASE PRESENTATION A 75-year-old patient who developed ALL 3 years after he was diagnosed with PV. The presence of remarkable splenomegaly, typical immunophenotyping of the peripheral blood and increased expression of serum fibrosis markers indicated the existence of extramedullary hematopoiesis which may ascribe to myelofibrosis. After the treatment of dosage-modulated chemotherapy, the patient got complete remission. CONCLUSION The JAK2 mutation may the underlying factor that contributes to the development of ALL, and the existence of MF may indicate the progression to post- polycythemic MF, which may be a risk factor for the accelerated transformation.
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24
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Effects of the I682F mutation on JAK2's activity, structure and stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Ohanian M, Bueso-Ramos C, Ok CY, Lin P, Patel K, Alattar ML, Khoury JD, Rozovski U, Estrov Z, Huh YO, Cortes J, Abruzzo LV. Acute myeloid leukemia with MYC rearrangement and JAK2 V617F mutation. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:571-4. [PMID: 26382622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about MYC dysregulation in myeloid malignancies, and the authors were unable to find published studies that evaluated MYC protein expression in primary cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we describe the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic findings in two MDS/AML cases that contained both MYC rearrangement and the JAK2 V617F mutation. We also demonstrate MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry in both patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mona Lisa Alattar
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang O Huh
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lynne V Abruzzo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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26
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Jinlong S, Lin F, Yonghui L, Li Y, Weidong W. Identification of let-7a-2-3p or/and miR-188-5p as prognostic biomarkers in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118099. [PMID: 25646775 PMCID: PMC4315415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) is the largest and most heterogeneous AML subgroup. It lacks sensitive and specific biomarkers. Emerging evidences have suggested that microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of various leukemias. This paper evaluated the association between microRNA expression and prognostic outcome for CN-AML, based on the RNA/microRNA sequencing data of CN-AML patients. High let-7a-2-3p expression and low miR-188-5p expression were identified to be significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) for CN-AML, independently or in a combined way. Their prognostic values were further confirmed in European Leukemia Net (ELN) genetic categories. Also, in multivariable analysis with other known risk factors, high let-7a-2-3p and low miR-188-5p expression remained to be associated with longer OS and EFS. In addition, the prognostic value of these two microRNAs was confirmed in patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To gain more biological insights of the underlying mechanisms, we derived the genome-wide differential gene/microRNA signatures associated with the expression of let-7a-2-3p and miR-188-5p. Several common microRNA signatures indicating favorable outcome in previous studies were up-regulated in both high let-7a-2-3p expressers and low miR-188-5p expressers, including miR-135a, miR-335 and miR-125b and all members of miR-181 family. Additionally, common up-regulated genes included FOSB, IGJ, SNORD50A and ZNF502, and FOSB was a known favorable signature in AML. These common signatures further confirmed the underlying common mechanisms for these two microRNAs value as favorable prognostic biomarkers. We concluded that high let-7a-2-3p and low miR-188-5p expression could be potentially used as favorably prognostic biomarkers independently or in a combined way in CN-AML patients, whether they received HSCT or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jinlong
- Medical Engineering Division, Hainan Branch, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Medical Engineering Support Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Lin
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yonghui
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WWD); (YL)
| | - Wang Weidong
- Medical Engineering Support Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WWD); (YL)
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27
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JAK2V617F+ myeloproliferative neoplasm clones evoke paracrine DNA damage to adjacent normal cells through secretion of lipocalin-2. Blood 2014; 124:2996-3006. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-570572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
JAK2V617F+ MPN clones induce paracrine DNA damage into coexisting normal clones through secretion of lipocalin-2. Lipocalin-2 suppresses normal hematopoiesis via p53 pathway activation and gives relative growth advantage to MPN clones.
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28
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Youk HJ, Cho CH, Lee JH, Choi CW, Lim CS, Yoon SY. A rare case of polycythemia vera following acute undifferentiated leukemia remission. Ann Lab Med 2014; 34:469-70. [PMID: 25368824 PMCID: PMC4215407 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.6.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Youk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Won Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Choi J, Cooper ML, Alahmari B, Ritchey J, Collins L, Holt M, DiPersio JF. Pharmacologic blockade of JAK1/JAK2 reduces GvHD and preserves the graft-versus-leukemia effect. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109799. [PMID: 25289677 PMCID: PMC4188578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that interferon gamma receptor deficient (IFNγR-/-) allogeneic donor T cells result in significantly less graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) than wild-type (WT) T cells, while maintaining an anti-leukemia or graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We demonstrated that IFNγR signaling regulates alloreactive T cell trafficking to GvHD target organs through expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in alloreactive T cells. Since IFNγR signaling is mediated via JAK1/JAK2, we tested the effect of JAK1/JAK2 inhibition on GvHD. While we demonstrated that pharmacologic blockade of JAK1/JAK2 in WT T cells using the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, INCB018424 (Ruxolitinib), resulted in a similar effect to IFNγR-/- T cells both in vitro (reduction of CXCR3 expression in T cells) and in vivo (mitigation of GvHD after allo-HSCT), it remains to be determined if in vivo administration of INCB018424 will result in preservation of GvL while reducing GvHD. Here, we report that INCB018424 reduces GvHD and preserves the beneficial GvL effect in two different murine MHC-mismatched allo-HSCT models and using two different murine leukemia models (lymphoid leukemia and myeloid leukemia). In addition, prolonged administration of INCB018424 further improves survival after allo-HSCT and is superior to other JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors, such as TG101348 or AZD1480. These data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of JAK1/JAK2 might be a promising therapeutic approach to achieve the beneficial anti-leukemia effect and overcome HLA-barriers in allo-HSCT. It might also be exploited in other diseases besides GvHD, such as organ transplant rejection, chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Graft vs Host Disease/enzymology
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Graft vs Leukemia Effect/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Janus Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 1/genetics
- Janus Kinase 1/immunology
- Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Janus Kinase 2/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitriles
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Whole-Body Irradiation
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebok Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Cooper
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bader Alahmari
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Julie Ritchey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lynne Collins
- BRIGHT Institute, and Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, and Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew Holt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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30
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A phase I/II study of the Janus kinase (JAK)1 and 2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2014; 15:171-6. [PMID: 25441108 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruxolitinib is a potent and specific JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center phase I/II clinical study testing 3 dose levels (50 mg b.i.d. [n = 4], 100 mg b.i.d. [n = 5], and 200 mg b.i.d. [n = 18]). We enrolled 27 patients older than 14 years with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (n = 26) or acute lymphoid leukemia (n = 1). RESULTS The median age was 66 (range, 25-88) years. Thirteen patients were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicities. The most common Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic event was infection (n = 26 events; most frequently pneumonia; 15 of 26; 58%). One patient with multiple relapses after 7 lines of therapy had a CRp at a ruxolitinib dose of 200 mg b.i.d. CONCLUSION In this cohort of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemias, ruxolitinib was overall reasonably well tolerated, with 1 patient achieving CRp.
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31
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Li J, Wei Q, Zuo GW, Xia J, You ZM, Li CL, Chen DL. Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Apoptosis through Inhibition of the EpoR-Mediated JAK2/STAT5 Signalling Pathway in the TF-1/Epo Human Leukemia Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2453-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Mughal TI, Girnius S, Rosen ST, Kumar S, Wiestner A, Abdel-Wahab O, Kiladjian JJ, Wilson WH, Van Etten RA. Emerging therapeutic paradigms to target the dysregulated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1968-79. [PMID: 24206094 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.863307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been increasing biochemical evidence that the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is aberrantly activated in malignant cells from patients with a wide spectrum of cancers of the blood and immune systems. The emerging availability of small molecule inhibitors of JAK and other signaling molecules in the JAK/STAT pathway has allowed preclinical studies validating an important role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of many hematologic malignancies, and provided motivation for new strategies for treatment of these diseases. Here, a round-table panel of experts review the current preclinical and clinical landscape of the JAK/STAT pathway in acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, lymphomas and myeloma, and chronic myeloid neoplasms.
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33
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Wang L, Kounatidis I, Ligoxygakis P. Drosophila as a model to study the role of blood cells in inflammation, innate immunity and cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 3:113. [PMID: 24409421 PMCID: PMC3885817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila has a primitive yet effective blood system with three types of haemocytes which function throughout different developmental stages and environmental stimuli. Haemocytes play essential roles in tissue modeling during embryogenesis and morphogenesis, and also in innate immunity. The open circulatory system of Drosophila makes haemocytes ideal signal mediators to cells and tissues in response to events such as infection and wounding. The application of recently developed and sophisticated genetic tools to the relatively simple genome of Drosophila has made the fly a popular system for modeling human tumorigensis and metastasis. Drosophila is now used for screening and investigation of genes implicated in human leukemia and also in modeling development of solid tumors. This second line of research offers promising opportunities to determine the seemingly conflicting roles of blood cells in tumor progression and invasion. This review provides an overview of the signaling pathways conserved in Drosophila during haematopoiesis, haemostasis, innate immunity, wound healing and inflammation. We also review the most recent progress in the use of Drosophila as a cancer research model with an emphasis on the roles haemocytes can play in various cancer models and in the links between inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Laboratory of Genes and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Laboratory of Genes and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Petros Ligoxygakis
- Laboratory of Genes and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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34
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Qian C, Yao J, Wang J, Wang L, Xue M, Zhou T, Liu W, Si J. ERK1/2 inhibition enhances apoptosis induced by JAK2 silencing in human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:159-70. [PMID: 24178240 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest JAK2 signaling may be a therapeutic target for treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact roles of JAK2 in gastric carcinogenesis are not very clear. Here, we have targeted JAK2 to be silenced by shRNA and investigated the biological functions and related mechanisms of JAK2 in GC cell SGC7901. In this study, JAK2 is commonly highly expressed in GC tissues as compared to their adjacent normal tissues (n = 75, p < 0.01). Specific down-regulation of JAK2 suppressed cell proliferation and colony-forming units, induced G2/M arrest in SGC7901 cells, but had no significant effect on cell apoptosis in vitro or tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Interestingly, JAK2 silencing-induced activation of ERK1/2, and inactivation of ERK1/2 using the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 markedly enhanced JAK2 shRNA-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Ultimately, combination of PD98059 and JAK2 shRNA significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Our results implicate JAK2 silencing-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and ERK1/2 inhibition could enhance apoptosis induced by JAK2 silencing in SGC7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijuan Qian
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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35
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Liu L, Gaboriaud N, Vougogianopoulou K, Tian Y, Wu J, Wen W, Skaltsounis L, Jove R. MLS-2384, a new 6-bromoindirubin derivative with dual JAK/Src kinase inhibitory activity, suppresses growth of diverse cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:178-84. [PMID: 24100507 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) and Src kinase are the two major tyrosine kinase families upstream of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). Among the seven STAT family proteins, STAT3 is constitutively activated in many diverse cancers. Upon activation, JAK and Src kinases phosphorylate STAT3, and thereby promote cell growth and survival. MLS-2384 is a novel 6-bromoindirubin derivative with a bromo-group at the 6-position on one indole ring and a hydrophilic group at the 3'-position on the other indole ring. In this study, we investigated the kinase inhibitory activity and anticancer activity of MLS-2384. Our data from in vitro kinase assays, cell viability analyses, western blotting analyses, and animal model studies, demonstrate that MLS-2384 is a dual JAK/Src kinase inhibitor, and suppresses growth of various human cancer cells, such as prostate, breast, skin, ovarian, lung, and liver. Consistent with the inactivation of JAK and Src kinases, phosphorylation of STAT3 was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the cancer cells treated with MLS-2384. STAT3 downstream proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival, such as c-Myc and Mcl-1, are downregulated by MLS-2384 in prostate cancer cells, whereas survivin is downregulated in A2058 cells. In these two cancer cell lines, PARP is cleaved, indicating that MLS-2384 induces apoptosis in human melanoma and prostate cancer cells. Importantly, MLS-2384 suppresses tumor growth with low toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of human melanoma. Taken together, MLS-2384 demonstrates dual JAK/Src inhibitory activity and suppresses tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings support further development of MLS-2384 as a potential small-molecule therapeutic agent that targets JAK, Src, and STAT3 signaling in multiple human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liu
- Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Nicolas Gaboriaud
- Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry; University of Athens; Athens, Greece
| | | | - Yan Tian
- Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Leandros Skaltsounis
- Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry; University of Athens; Athens, Greece
| | - Richard Jove
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida; Port St. Lucie, FL USA
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