1
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Poluben L, Nouri M, Liang J, Varkaris A, Ersoy-Fazlioglu B, Voznesensky O, Lee II, Qiu X, Cato L, Seo JH, Freedman ML, Sowalsky AG, Lack NA, Corey E, Nelson PS, Brown M, Long HW, Russo JW, Balk SP. Increased chromatin accessibility mediated by nuclear factor I drives transition to androgen receptor splice variant dependence in castration-resistant prostate cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575110. [PMID: 38260576 PMCID: PMC10802579 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, of which ARv7 is the most common, are increased in prostate cancer (PC) that develops resistance to androgen signaling inhibitor drugs, but the extent to which these variants drive AR activity, and whether they have novel functions or dependencies, remain to be determined. We generated a subline of VCaP PC cells (VCaP16) that is resistant to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ) and found that AR activity was independent of the full-length AR (ARfl), despite its continued high-level expression, and was instead driven by ARv7. The ARv7 cistrome and transcriptome in VCaP16 cells mirrored that of the ARfl in VCaP cells, although ARv7 chromatin binding was weaker, and strong ARv7 binding sites correlated with higher affinity ARfl binding sites across multiple models and clinical samples. Notably, although ARv7 expression in VCaP cells increased rapidly in response to ENZ, there was a long lag before it gained chromatin binding and transcriptional activity. This lag was associated with an increase in chromatin accessibility, with the AR and nuclear factor I (NFI) motifs being most enriched at these more accessible sites. Moreover, the transcriptional effects of combined NFIB and NFIX knockdown versus ARv7 knockdown were highly correlated. These findings indicate that ARv7 can drive the AR program, but that its activity is dependent on adaptations that increase chromatin accessibility to enhance its intrinsically weak chromatin binding.
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2
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Nazir SU, Mishra J, Maurya SK, Ziamiavaghi N, Bodas S, Teply BA, Dutta S, Datta K. Deciphering the genetic and epigenetic architecture of prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:191-221. [PMID: 39032950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer, one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men, leads to significant mortality worldwide. Its study is important due to the complexity and diversity in its progression, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies. This chapter probes into the genetic and epigenetic factors influencing prostate cancer progression, underscoring the importance of understanding the disease's molecular fundamentals for the development of targeted therapies. It specifically reviews the role of key genetic mutations in genes such as Androgen Receptor, TP53, SPOP, FOXA1 and PTEN which are crucial for the disease onset and a progression. Furthermore, it examines the impact of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modification, which contribute to the cancer's progression by affecting gene expression and cellular behavior. Further, in this chapter we delve into the underlying signaling mechanism, the advancements in targeting genetic and epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer. These findings have revealed promising targets for therapeutic advancements, aiming to understand and identify promising avenues for future therapies. This chapter improves our current understanding of prostate cancer genetic and epigenetic landscape, emphasizing the necessity of advancing our knowledge to refine and expand treatment options for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeraz Un Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massy Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massy Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massy Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Negin Ziamiavaghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massy Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sanika Bodas
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Benjamin A Teply
- Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology & Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massy Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massy Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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3
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Matsuoka T, Sugiyama A, Miyawaki Y, Hidaka Y, Okuno Y, Sakai H, Tanaka H, Yoshikawa K, Fukui T, Mizuno K, Sumiyoshi T, Goto T, Inoue T, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Nakamura E. Newly developed preclinical models reveal broad-spectrum CDK inhibitors as potent drugs for CRPC exhibiting primary resistance to enzalutamide. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:283-297. [PMID: 37923364 PMCID: PMC10823279 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen-deprivation therapy is a standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, most patients eventually acquire resistance and progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we established new CRPC cell lines, AILNCaP14 and AILNCaP15, from LNCaP cells under androgen-deprived conditions. Unlike most pre-existing CRPC cell lines, both cell lines expressed higher levels of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) than parental LNCaP cells. Moreover, these cells exhibited primary resistance to enzalutamide. Since AR signaling plays a significant role in the development of CRPC, PSA promoter sequences fused with GFP were introduced into AILNCaP14 cells to conduct GFP fluorescence-based chemical screening. We identified flavopiridol, a broad-spectrum CDK inhibitor, as a candidate drug that could repress AR transactivation of CRPC cells, presumably through the inhibition of phosphorylation of AR on the serine 81 residue (pARSer81 ). Importantly, this broad-spectrum CDK inhibitor inhibited the proliferation of AILNCaP14 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a newly developed liver metastatic model using AILNCaP15 cells revealed that the compound attenuated tumor growth of CRPC harboring highly metastatic properties. Finally, we developed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of CRPC and DCaP CR from a patient presenting therapeutic resistance to enzalutamide, abiraterone, and docetaxel. Flavopiridol successfully suppressed the tumor growth of CRPC in this PDX model. Since ARSer81 was found to be phosphorylated in clinical CRPC samples, our data suggested that broad-spectrum CDK inhibitors might be a potent candidate drug for the treatment of CRPC, including those exhibiting primary resistance to enzalutamide.
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Grants
- 15K21115 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16K15686 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K18112 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 26670700 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuoka
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Miyawaki
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Hidaka
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesDoshisha Women's College of Liberal ArtsKyotoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Fukui
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Sumiyoshi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro‐Urologic Surgery and AndrologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- Department of UrologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
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4
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Dai C, Dehm SM, Sharifi N. Targeting the Androgen Signaling Axis in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4267-4278. [PMID: 37429011 PMCID: PMC10852396 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-driven transcriptional programs is central to the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Despite successful translational efforts in targeting AR, therapeutic resistance often occurs as a result of molecular alterations in the androgen signaling axis. The efficacy of next-generation AR-directed therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer has provided crucial clinical validation for the continued dependence on AR signaling and introduced a range of new treatment options for men with both castration-resistant and castration-sensitive disease. Despite this, however, metastatic prostate cancer largely remains an incurable disease, highlighting the need to better understand the diverse mechanisms by which tumors thwart AR-directed therapies, which may inform new therapeutic avenues. In this review, we revisit concepts in AR signaling and current understandings of AR signaling-dependent resistance mechanisms as well as the next frontier of AR targeting in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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5
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Poutanen M, Hagberg Thulin M, Härkönen P. Targeting sex steroid biosynthesis for breast and prostate cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y. [PMID: 37684402 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirkko Härkönen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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6
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Biernacka KM, Barker R, Sewell A, Bahl A, Perks CM. A role for androgen receptor variant 7 in sensitivity to therapy: Involvement of IGFBP-2 and FOXA1. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101698. [PMID: 37307644 PMCID: PMC10276180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men. Localised PCa can be treated effectively, but most patients relapse/progress to more aggressive disease. One possible mechanism underlying this progression is alternative splicing of the androgen receptor, with AR variant 7(ARV7) considered to play a major role. Using viability assays, we confirmed that ARV7-positive PCa cells were less sensitive to treatment with cabazitaxel and an anti-androgen-enzalutamide. Also, using live-holographic imaging, we showed that PCa cells with ARV7 exhibited an increased rate of cell division, proliferation, and motility, which could potentially contribute to a more aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, protein analysis demonstrated that ARV7 knock-down was associated with a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGFBP-2) and forkhead box protein A1(FOXA1). This correlation was confirmed in-vivo using PCa tissue samples. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between ARV7 and IGFBP-2 or FOXA1 in tissue from patients with PCa. This association was not present with the AR. These data suggest an interplay of FOXA1 and IGFBP-2 with ARV7-mediated acquisition of an aggressive prostate cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Biernacka
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - R Barker
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - A Sewell
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Bahl
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - C M Perks
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK.
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7
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Kumar R, Sena LA, Denmeade SR, Kachhap S. The testosterone paradox of advanced prostate cancer: mechanistic insights and clinical implications. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:265-278. [PMID: 36543976 PMCID: PMC10164147 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the benefits of castration for prostate cancer treatment in 1941 led to androgen deprivation therapy, which remains a mainstay of the treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer. However, as early as this original publication, the inevitable development of castration-resistant prostate cancer was recognized. Resistance first manifests as a sustained rise in the androgen-responsive gene, PSA, consistent with reactivation of the androgen receptor axis. Evaluation of clinical specimens demonstrates that castration-resistant prostate cancer cells remain addicted to androgen signalling and adapt to chronic low-testosterone states. Paradoxically, results of several studies have suggested that treatment with supraphysiological levels of testosterone can retard prostate cancer growth. Insights from these studies have been used to investigate administration of supraphysiological testosterone to patients with prostate cancer for clinical benefits, a strategy that is termed bipolar androgen therapy (BAT). BAT involves rapid cycling from supraphysiological back to near-castration testosterone levels over a 4-week cycle. Understanding how BAT works at the molecular and cellular levels might help to rationalize combining BAT with other agents to achieve increased efficacy and tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Laura A Sena
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sushant Kachhap
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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8
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Nuvola G, Santoni M, Rizzo M, Rosellini M, Mollica V, Rizzo A, Marchetti A, Battelli N, Massari F. Adapting to hormone-therapy resistance for adopting the right therapeutic strategy in advanced prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:593-600. [PMID: 37185042 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2207827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The androgen/androgen receptor (AR) axis represents a key driver of treatment resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and targeted agents, and a deeper comprehension of resistance mechanisms is fundamental to adopt effective therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED We review the mechanisms of primary or secondary resistance to hormone therapy (HT) in PCa, especially focusing on available data and emerging evidence. EXPERT OPINION First- and second-generation HT resistance has been associated with several AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms, ranging from the amplification of the AR gene locus to somatic AR mutations and the intratumoral synthesis of androgens from adrenal steroids and cholesterol. As reported in the current review, the development of novel and effective treatments is needed to personalize anticancer therapies in this setting and to finally improve clinical outcomes in patients with HT resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nuvola
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mimma Rizzo
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico "Don Tonino Bello", Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II-Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Roy P, Singh KP. Epigenetic mechanism of therapeutic resistance and potential of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory prostate cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:173-210. [PMID: 37657858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Depending upon the histopathological subtypes of prostate cancers, various therapeutic options, such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI), immunotherapy, and chemotherapy, are available to treat prostate cancer. While these therapeutics are effective in the initial stages during treatments, the tumors subsequently develop resistance to these therapies. Despite all the progress made so far, therapeutic resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer. Although various mechanisms have been reported for the resistance development in prostate cancer, altered expression of genes either directly or indirectly involved in drug response pathways is a common event. In addition to the genetic basis of gene regulation such as mutations and gene amplifications, epigenetic alterations involved in the aberrant expression of genes have frequently been shown to be associated not only with cancer initiation and progression but also with therapeutic resistance development. There are several review articles compiling reports on genetic mechanisms involved in therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer. However, epigenetic mechanisms for the therapeutic resistance development in prostate cancer have not yet been summarized in a review article. Therefore, the objective of this article is to compile various reports and provide a comprehensive review of the epigenetic aberrations, and aberrant expression of genes by epigenetic mechanisms involved in CRPCs and therapeutic resistance development in prostate cancer. Additionally, the potential of epigenetic-based therapeutics in the treatment of chemorefractory prostate cancer as evidenced by clinical trials has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Roy
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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10
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Shiota M, Inoue R, Tashiro K, Kobayashi K, Horiyama S, Kanji H, Eto M, Egawa S, Haginaka J, Matsuyama H. A Phase II Trial of Abiraterone With Dutasteride for Second-Generation Antiandrogen- and Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:445-454. [PMID: 36484758 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of a novel therapy to overcome primary and acquired resistance to abiraterone is an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride to abiraterone, explore proof of concept, and identify candidates suitable for combination therapy. This phase II, single-arm, and open-label study enrolled second-generation antiandrogen- and chemotherapy-naïve patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Patients received abiraterone and prednisolone for 4 weeks, followed by adding dutasteride. The primary end point was a 50% prostate-specific antigen response rate. Serum concentrations of abiraterone and its metabolites as well as HSD3B1 and SRD5A2 genotypes were measured. The association between drug metabolism and genotypes and their impact on the efficacy of combination therapy were assessed. Among 21 patients, 18 (85.7%) achieved ≥50% PSA reduction. Median time to treatment failure was not reached during the median follow-up of 15.4 months. No patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events. Although dutasteride reduced serum 3-keto-5α-abiraterone concentrations, higher serum 3-keto-5α-abiraterone concentrations on combination therapy were associated with a shorter time to treatment failure. HSD3B1 and SRD5A2 genotypes were associated with serum Δ4-abiraterone and 3-keto-5α-abiraterone concentrations before adding dutasteride, respectively. Time to treatment failure was longer in patients with homozygous wild-type HSD3B1, but comparable between those with the SRD5A2 genotype. The promising outcomes of this study warrant further investigation of combination therapy in a randomized trial. Stratification by HSD3B1 and SRD5A2 genetic profiles might identify patients suitable for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kojiro Tashiro
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Shizuyo Horiyama
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kanji
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Haginaka
- Institute of Biosciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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11
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Pejčić T, Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Popović L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032939. [PMID: 36769263 PMCID: PMC9917912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641281844
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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12
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Li L, Xu J. The androgen receptor-targeted proteolysis targeting chimera and other alternative therapeutic choices in overcoming the resistance to androgen deprivation treatment in prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:352-363. [PMID: 36203075 PMCID: PMC9873748 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a vital role in prostate cancer (PCa), including castration-resistant PCa, by retaining AR signalling. Androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) has been the standard treatment in the past decades. A great number of AR antagonists initially had been found effective in tumour remission; however, most PCa relapsed that caused by pre-translational resistance such as AR mutations to turn antagonist into agonist, and AR variants to bypass the androgen binding. Recently, several alternative therapeutic choices have been proposed. Among them, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) acts different from traditional drugs that usually function as inhibitors or antagonists, and it degrades oncogenic protein and does not disrupt the transcription of an oncogene. This review first discussed some essential mechanisms of ADT resistance, and then introduced the application of AR-targeted PROTAC in PCa cells, as well as other AR-targeted therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxun Li
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Jiangli Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, No.921 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Changsha, 410003 China
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13
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Koroki Y, Taguri M. Clinical Outcomes of First Subsequent Therapies After Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone for High-Risk Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer in the LATITUDE Study. Target Oncol 2023; 18:119-128. [PMID: 36443540 PMCID: PMC9928798 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone with androgen deprivation therapy is a standard treatment option for patients with high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). However, no data are available on the optimal subsequent treatment option in patients treated with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone for high-risk mCSPC. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of subsequent therapy after discontinuation of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with high-risk mCSPC. METHODS Overall survival and time to treatment failure from initiation of subsequent therapies were estimated by applying a marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model using inverse probability of treatment weighting with a change of time scale to time on treatment. RESULTS A total of 217 patients received subsequent therapies: 127 received chemotherapy, 49 received non-chemotherapy, and 41 received other treatments. For overall survival, when adjusted with the marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model using inverse probability of treatment weighting, the hazard ratio was 1.212 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.742-1.979) for chemotherapy versus non-chemotherapy, 0.534 (95% CI 0.267-1.066) for non-chemotherapy versus other treatments, and 0.635 (95% CI 0.317-1.271) for chemotherapy versus other treatments. For time to treatment failure, the hazard ratio was 1.287 (95% CI 0.832-1.989) for chemotherapy versus non-chemotherapy, 0.785 (95% CI 0.486-1.269) for non-chemotherapy versus other treatments, and 0.898 (95% CI 0.612-1.318) for chemotherapy versus other treatments. CONCLUSIONS No differences were observed between the treatment effects of chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy in patients with high-risk mCSPC after abiraterone acetate plus prednisone. These findings suggest that life-extending subsequent therapy after abiraterone acetate plus prednisone for mCSPC should be chosen at the physician's discretion and patient's preference. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01715285, registered 26 October, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Koroki
- Medical Affairs, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., 3-5-2 Nishikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan. .,Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Karimaa M, Riikonen R, Kettunen H, Taavitsainen P, Ramela M, Chrusciel M, Karlsson S, Rummakko P, Simola O, Wohlfahrt G, Hakulinen P, Vuorela A, Joensuu H, Utriainen T, Fizazi K, Oksala R. First-in-Class Small Molecule to Inhibit CYP11A1 and Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1765-1776. [PMID: 36129801 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binding of steroid hormones to their cognate receptors regulates the growth of most prostate and breast cancers. We hypothesized that CYP11A inhibition might halt the synthesis of all steroid hormones, because CYP11A is the only enzyme that catalyses the first step of steroid hormone biosynthesis. We speculated that a CYP11A inhibitor could be administered safely provided that the steroids essential for life are replaced. Virtual screening and systematic structure-activity relationship optimization were used to develop ODM-208, the first-in-class, selective, nonsteroidal, oral CYP11A1 inhibitor. Safety of ODM-208 was assessed in rats and Beagle dogs, and efficacy in a VCaP castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft mouse model, in mice and dogs, and in six patients with metastatic CRPC. Blood steroid hormone concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ODM-208 binds to CYP11A1 and inhibited its enzymatic activity. ODM-208 administration led to rapid, complete, durable, and reversible inhibition of the steroid hormone biosynthesis in an adrenocortical carcinoma cell model in vitro, in adult noncastrated male mice and dogs, and in patients with CRPC. All measured serum steroid hormone concentrations reached undetectable levels within a few weeks from the start of ODM-208 administration. ODM-208 was well tolerated with steroid hormone replacement. The toxicity findings were considered related to CYP11A1 inhibition and were reversed after stopping of the compound administration. Steroid hormone biosynthesis can be effectively inhibited with a small-molecule inhibitor of CYP11A1. The findings suggest that administration of ODM-208 is feasible with concomitant corticosteroid replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meri Ramela
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Outi Simola
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Heikki Joensuu
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Utriainen
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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15
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen S, Yao M, Ma Z, Yuan Y. Yeast-based evolutionary modeling of androgen receptor mutations and natural selection. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010518. [PMID: 36459502 PMCID: PMC9718406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is associated with the evolutionary accumulation of genetic mutations that are biologically significant. Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) are associated with the development of prostate cancer (PCa) by responding to non-androgenic hormones, and the lack of annotations in their responsiveness to hormone ligands remains a daunting challenge. Here, we have used a yeast reporter system to quickly evaluate the responsiveness of all fifty clinical AR mutations to a variety of steroidal ligands including dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG), and cyproterone acetate (CPA). Based on an AR-driven reporter that synthesizes histidine, a basic amino acid required for yeast survival and propagation, the yeast reporter system enabling clonal selection was further empowered by combining with a random DNA mutagenesis library to simulate the natural evolution of AR gene under the selective pressures of steroidal ligands. In a time-frame of 1-2 weeks, 19 AR mutants were identified, in which 11 AR mutants were validated for activation by tested steroidal compounds. The high efficiency of our artificial evolution strategy was further evidenced by a sequential selection that enabled the discovery of multipoint AR mutations and evolution directions under the pressure of steroidal ligands. In summary, our designer yeast is a portable reporter module that can be readily adapted to streamline high-throughput AR-compound screening, used as a PCa clinical reference, and combined with additional bioassay systems to further extend its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Kotamarti S, Armstrong AJ, Polascik TJ, Moul JW. Molecular Mechanisms of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2022; 49:615-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Xu Y, Chen S, Ma Z, Yao M, Li F, Li B, Yuan Y. Simulating androgen receptor selection in designer yeast. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1108-1116. [PMID: 36017332 PMCID: PMC9386396 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Fangyin Li
- Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Corresponding author. Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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18
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Yao K, Li S, Liu Q, Wu F. The emerging role of cross-resistance between taxanes and AR-targeting therapy in metastatic prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158221088689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: To date, the number of prostate cancer ranked first among newly diagnosed malignant tumors in men from multiple countries. Localized prostate cancer could be controlled by curative therapy. However, for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC), the prognosis is poor. As among first-line treatments of systemic therapies for mPC, docetaxel and androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies have been widely used. However, mPC patients inevitably developed resistance to the current therapy. More importantly, there is a cross-resistance between docetaxel-based chemotherapy and AR-targeting therapy during the treatment process, which could impair the overall survival benefits without proper administration. Objective: Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the mechanism of cross-resistance and explore the optimal sequential strategy. Methods: Here, in this review, we systematically reviewed and summarised the updated literature on clinical evidence and mechanistic research of treatment resistance in mPC. Results: Emerging evidence indicated that AR splice variants, AR overexpression or mutations, AR nuclear translocation, as well as AR signaling reactivation collectively contributed to the cross-resistance. With the current understanding of cross-resistance, multiple solutions are promising for improving the benefits, including refining the sequencing of available therapies for mPC, in combination with potential targeted inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further studies are needed to explore the combination of emerging strategies and eventually control the progression of prostate cancer. Conclusions: This review defined the mutual and unique resistant mechanism of these treatments, which might help to focus and accelerate therapeutic research that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with prostate cancer. Level of evidence: Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Qingyong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, P.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China
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19
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Moll JM, Hofland J, Teubel WJ, de Ridder CMA, Taylor AE, Graeser R, Arlt W, Jenster GW, van Weerden WM. Abiraterone switches castration-resistant prostate cancer dependency from adrenal androgens towards androgen receptor variants and glucocorticoid receptor signalling. Prostate 2022; 82:505-516. [PMID: 35037287 PMCID: PMC9306678 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signalling, which is largely driven by conversion of adrenal androgen precursors lasting after castration. Abiraterone, an inhibitor of the steroidogenic enzyme CYP17A1, has been demonstrated to reduce adrenal androgen synthesis and prolong CRPC patient survival. To study mechanisms of resistance to castration and abiraterone, we created coculture models using human prostate and adrenal tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Castration-naïve and CRPC clones of VCaP were incubated with steroid substrates or cocultured with human adrenal cells (H295R) and treated with abiraterone or the antiandrogen enzalutamide. Male mice bearing VCaP xenografts with and without concurrent H295R xenografts were castrated and treated with placebo or abiraterone. Response was assessed by tumour growth and PSA release. Plasma and tumour steroid levels were assessed by LC/MS-MS. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined steroidogenic enzyme, nuclear receptor and AR target gene expression. RESULTS In vitro, adrenal androgens induced castration-naïve and CRPC cell growth, while precursors steroids for de novo synthesis did not. In a coculture system, abiraterone blocked H295R-induced growth of VCaP cells. In vivo, H295R promoted castration-resistant VCaP growth. Abiraterone only inhibited VCaP growth or PSA production in the presence of H295R. Plasma steroid levels demonstrated CYP17A1 inhibition by abiraterone, whilst CRPC tumour tissue steroid levels showed no evidence of de novo intratumoural androgen production. Castration-resistant and abiraterone-resistant VCaP tumours had increased levels of AR, AR variants and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) resulting in equal AR target gene expression levels compared to noncastrate tumours. CONCLUSIONS In our model, ligand-dependent AR-regulated regrowth of CRPC was predominantly supported via adrenal androgen precursor production while there was no evidence for intratumoural androgen synthesis. Abiraterone-resistant tumours relied on AR overexpression, expression of ligand-independent AR variants and GR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of EndocrinologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | | | - Angela E. Taylor
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Ralph Graeser
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticutUSA
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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20
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Hou Z, Huang S, Mei Z, Chen L, Guo J, Gao Y, Zhuang Q, Zhang X, Tan Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Chi Y, Qi L, Jiang T, Shao X, Wu Y, Xu X, Qin J, Ren R, Tang H, Wu D, Li Z. Inhibiting 3βHSD1 to eliminate the oncogenic effects of progesterone in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100561. [PMID: 35492874 PMCID: PMC9040187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Physiological levels of progesterone facilitate cell proliferation via GATA2. Inhibitors of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) has been discovered and shown to suppress the generation of progesterone, eliminating its transient and accumulating oncogenic effects. An increase in progesterone is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients and may be used as a predictive biomarker. Overall, we demonstrate that progesterone acts as an oncogenic hormone in prostate cancer, and strategies to eliminate its oncogenic effects may benefit prostate cancer patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical AR signaling Progesterone of physiological levels exerts its chronic oncogenic effect via GATA2 Targeting 3βHSD1 to suppress progesterone synthesis blocks its oncogenic effects Serum progesterone might be a predictive biomarker for abiraterone response
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zejie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yongnan Chi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lifengrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Xuefeng Shao
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
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21
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Varkaris A, Stevens J, Ono Y, Balk SP, Bellmunt J. A Case of Prostate Cancer Harboring Androgen Receptor T878A Progesterone-Responsive Mutant Emerging After Abiraterone Acetate Treatment Responding to Darolutamide. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100091. [PMID: 35201849 PMCID: PMC8974572 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Varkaris
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julia Stevens
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yuho Ono
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Joaquim Bellmunt, MD, Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215; e-mail:
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22
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Snaterse G, Mies R, van Weerden WM, French PJ, Jonker JW, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, Visser JA, Hofland J. Androgen receptor mutations modulate activation by 11-oxygenated androgens and glucocorticoids. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022:10.1038/s41391-022-00491-z. [PMID: 35046557 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutations occur in ~20% of all castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. These mutations confer ligand promiscuity, but the affinity for many steroid hormone pathway intermediates is unknown. In this study, we investigated the stimulation of clinically relevant AR-LBD mutants by endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones present in CRPC patients to unravel their potential contribution to AR pathway reactivation. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies reporting untargeted analysis of AR mutants was performed to identify clinically relevant AR-LBD mutations. Using luciferase reporter and quantitative fluorescent microscopy, these AR mutants were screened for sensitivity for various endogenous steroids and synthetic glucocorticoids used in the treatment of CRPC. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed that ARL702H (3.4%), ARH875Y (4.9%), and ART878A (4.4%) were the most prevalent AR-LBD mutations across 1614 CRPC patients from 21 unique studies. Testosterone (EC50: 0.22 nmol/L) and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT, EC50: 0.74 nmol/L) displayed subnanomolar affinity for ARWT. The p.H875Y mutation selectively increased sensitivity of the AR for 11KT (EC50: 0.15 nmol/L, p < 0.05 vs ARWT), whereas p.L702H decreased sensitivity for 11KT by almost 50-fold. While cortisol and prednisolone both stimulate ARL702H, dexamethasone importantly does not. CONCLUSION Both testosterone and 11KT effectively contribute to ARWT activation, while selective sensitization positions 11KT as a more prominent activator of ARH875Y. Dexamethasone may be a suitable alternative to prednisolone and should be explored in patients bearing the ARL702H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Wilkinson S, Ye H, Karzai F, Harmon SA, Terrigino NT, VanderWeele DJ, Bright JR, Atway R, Trostel SY, Carrabba NV, Whitlock NC, Walker SM, Lis RT, Abdul Sater H, Capaldo BJ, Madan RA, Gulley JL, Chun G, Merino MJ, Pinto PA, Salles DC, Kaur HB, Lotan TL, Venzon DJ, Choyke PL, Turkbey B, Dahut WL, Sowalsky AG. Nascent Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity Drives Evolution and Resistance to Intense Hormonal Therapy. Eur Urol 2021; 80:746-757. [PMID: 33785256 PMCID: PMC8473585 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with high risk localized prostate cancer have variable outcomes following surgery. Trials of intense neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) have shown lower rates of recurrence among patients with minimal residual disease after treatment. The molecular features that distinguish exceptional responders from poor responders are not known. OBJECTIVE To identify genomic and histologic features associated with treatment resistance at baseline. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Targeted biopsies were obtained from 37 men with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer before receiving 6 mo of ADT plus enzalutamide. Biopsy tissues were used for whole-exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We assessed the relationship of molecular features with final pathologic response using a cutpoint of 0.05 cm3 for residual cancer burden to compare exceptional responders to incomplete and nonresponders. We assessed intratumoral heterogeneity at the tissue and genomic level, and compared the volume of residual disease to the Shannon diversity index for each tumor. We generated multivariate models of resistance based on three molecular features and one histologic feature, with and without multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging estimates of baseline tumor volume. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Loss of chromosome 10q (containing PTEN) and alterations to TP53 were predictive of poor response, as were the expression of nuclear ERG on IHC and the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. Patients with incompletely and nonresponding tumors harbored greater tumor diversity as estimated via phylogenetic tree reconstruction from DNA sequencing and analysis of IHC staining. Our four-factor binary model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.89) to predict poor response correlated with greater diversity in our cohort and a validation cohort of 57 Gleason score 8-10 prostate cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. When baseline tumor volume was added to the model, it distinguished poor response to NADT with an AUC of 0.98. Prospective use of this model requires further retrospective validation with biopsies from additional trials. CONCLUSIONS A subset of prostate cancers exhibit greater histologic and genomic diversity at the time of diagnosis, and these localized tumors have greater fitness to resist therapy. PATIENT SUMMARY Some prostate cancer tumors do not respond well to a hormonal treatment called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We used tumor volume and four other parameters to develop a model to identify tumors that will not respond well to ADT. Treatments other than ADT should be considered for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Department of Urology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Harmon
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas T Terrigino
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J VanderWeele
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John R Bright
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rayann Atway
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole V Carrabba
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nichelle C Whitlock
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rosina T Lis
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Brian J Capaldo
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guinevere Chun
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela C Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harsimar B Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Liang J, Wang L, Poluben L, Nouri M, Arai S, Xie L, Voznesensky OS, Cato L, Yuan X, Russo JW, Long HW, Brown M, Chen S, Balk SP. Androgen receptor splice variant 7 functions independently of the full length receptor in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:172-184. [PMID: 34256096 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One mechanism for reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) activity after androgen deprivation therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is expression of splice variants such as ARv7 that delete the ligand binding domain and have constitutive activity. Exogenous overexpressed ARv7 can function as a homodimer or heterodimer with full length AR (ARfl), which is highly expressed with ARv7 in CRPC. However, the extent to which endogenous ARv7 function is dependent on heterodimerization with ARfl remains to be determined. We used double-crosslinking to stabilize AR complexes on chromatin in a CRPC cell line expressing endogenous ARfl and ARv7 (LN95 cells), and established that only trace levels of ARfl were associated with ARv7 on chromatin. Consistent with this result, depletion of ARfl with an AR degrader targeting the AR ligand binding domain did not decrease ARv7 binding to chromatin or its association with HOXB13, but did decrease overall AR transcriptional activity. Comparable results were obtained in CWR22RV1 cells, another CRPC cell line expressing ARfl and ARv7. These results indicate that ARv7 function in CRPC is not dependent on ARfl, and that both contribute independently to overall AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Liang
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Shaanxi Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Larysa Poluben
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mannan Nouri
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seiji Arai
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Urology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Lisha Xie
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Olga S Voznesensky
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura Cato
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua W Russo
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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McKay RR, Kwak L, Crowdis JP, Sperger JM, Zhao SG, Xie W, Werner L, Lis RT, Zhang Z, Wei XX, Lang JM, Van Allen EM, Bhatt RS, Yu EY, Nelson PS, Bubley GJ, Montgomery RB, Taplin ME. Phase II Multicenter Study of Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Identify Mechanisms Driving Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3610-3619. [PMID: 33849963 PMCID: PMC8254786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that has improved overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, nearly all patients develop resistance. We designed a phase II multicenter study of enzalutamide in metastatic CRPC incorporating tissue and blood biomarkers to dissect mechanisms driving resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients with metastatic CRPC underwent a baseline metastasis biopsy and then initiated enzalutamide 160 mg daily. A repeat metastasis biopsy was obtained at radiographic progression from the same site when possible. Blood for circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis was collected at baseline and progression. The primary objective was to analyze mechanisms of resistance in serial biopsies. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on tissue biopsies. CTC samples underwent RNA sequencing. RESULTS A total of 65 patients initiated treatment, of whom 22 (33.8%) had received prior abiraterone. Baseline biopsies were enriched for alterations in AR (mutations, amplifications) and tumor suppression genes (PTEN, RB1, and TP53), which were observed in 73.1% and 92.3% of baseline biopsies, respectively. Progression biopsies revealed increased AR amplifications (64.7% at progression vs. 53.9% at baseline) and BRCA2 alterations (64.7% at progression vs. 38.5% at baseline). Genomic analysis of baseline and progression CTC samples demonstrated increased AR splice variants, AR-regulated genes, and neuroendocrine markers at progression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a large proportion of enzalutamide-treated patients have baseline and progression alterations in the AR pathway and tumor suppressor genes. We demonstrate an increased number of BRCA2 alterations post-enzalutamide, highlighting the importance of serial tumor sampling in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana R McKay
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucia Kwak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jamie M Sperger
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wanling Xie
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rosina T Lis
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiao X Wei
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua M Lang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Rupal S Bhatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S Nelson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Glenn J Bubley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Bruce Montgomery
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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26
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Annala M, Taavitsainen S, Khalaf DJ, Vandekerkhove G, Beja K, Sipola J, Warner EW, Herberts C, Wong A, Fu S, Finch DL, Oja CD, Vergidis J, Zulfiqar M, Eigl BJ, Kollmansberger CK, Nykter M, Gleave ME, Chi KN, Wyatt AW. Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4610-4623. [PMID: 34083234 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-resistance renders multiple lines of androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors increasingly futile in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We sought to determine acquired genomic contributors to cross-resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We collected 458 serial plasma cell-free DNA samples at baseline and progression timepoints from 202 patients with mCRPC receiving sequential AR signaling inhibitors (abiraterone and enzalutamide) in a randomized phase II clinical trial (NCT02125357). We utilized deep targeted and whole-exome sequencing to compare baseline and posttreatment somatic genomic profiles in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). RESULTS Patient ctDNA abundance was correlated across plasma collections and independently prognostic for sequential therapy response and overall survival. Most driver alterations in established prostate cancer genes were consistently detected in ctDNA over time. However, shifts in somatic populations after treatment were identified in 53% of patients, particularly after strong treatment responses. Treatment-associated changes converged upon the AR gene, with an average 50% increase in AR copy number, changes in AR mutation frequencies, and a 2.5-fold increase in the proportion of patients carrying AR ligand binding domain truncating rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the dominant AR genotype continues to evolve during sequential lines of AR inhibition and drives acquired resistance in patients with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Annala
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel J Khalaf
- BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gillian Vandekerkhove
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Beja
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joonatan Sipola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Evan W Warner
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cameron Herberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda Wong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Fu
- BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daygen L Finch
- BC Cancer, Southern Interior Centre, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Conrad D Oja
- BC Cancer, Fraser Valley Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanna Vergidis
- BC Cancer, Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Bernhard J Eigl
- BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada. .,BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.
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27
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Erickson A, Hayes A, Rajakumar T, Verrill C, Bryant RJ, Hamdy FC, Wedge DC, Woodcock DJ, Mills IG, Lamb AD. A Systematic Review of Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity: Understanding the Clonal Ancestry of Multifocal Disease. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:358-369. [PMID: 33888445 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies characterising genomic changes in prostate cancer (PCa) during natural progression have greatly increased our understanding of the disease. A better understanding of the evolutionary history of PCa would allow advances in diagnostics, prognostication, and novel therapies that together will improve patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE To review the molecular heterogeneity of PCa and assess recent efforts to profile intratumoural heterogeneity and clonal evolution. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We screened a total of 1313 abstracts from PubMed published between 2009 and 2020, of which we reviewed 84 full-text articles. We excluded 49, resulting in 35 studies for qualitative analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In studies of primary disease (16 studies, 4793 specimens), there is a lack of consensus regarding the monoclonal or polyclonal origin of primary PCa. There is no consistent mutation giving rise to primary PCa. Detailed clonal analysis of primary PCa has been limited by current techniques. By contrast, clonal relationships between PCa metastases and a potentiating clone have been consistently identified (19 studies, 732 specimens). Metastatic specimens demonstrate consistent truncal genomic aberrations that suggest monoclonal metastatic progenitors. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between the clonal dynamics of PCa and clinical outcomes needs further investigation. It is likely that this will provide a biological rationale for whether radical treatment of the primary tumour benefits patients with oligometastatic PCa. Future studies on the mutational burden in primary disease at single-cell resolution should permit the identification of clonal patterns underpinning the origin of lethal PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancers arise in different parts of the prostate because of DNA mutations that occur by chance at different times. These cancer cells and their origin can be tracked by DNA mapping. In this review we summarise the state of the art and outline what further science is needed to provide the missing answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia Hayes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Rajakumar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan J Woodcock
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK.
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28
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Liu M, Shi H, Yan J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Le K, Li Z, Xing N, Li G. Gene polymorphism-related differences in the outcomes of abiraterone for prostate cancer: a systematic overview. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1873-1894. [PMID: 34094659 PMCID: PMC8167691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous prostate cancer (PC) associated genes have been reported in previous genome-wide association studies. Elucidation of prostate cancer pharmacogenomics have enhanced studies into the impact of germline genetic changes on treatment, in addition to evaluating related genomic alterations and biomarkers in prostate tumor tissues. Currently, Abiraterone (Abi) is used as one of the therapeutic options for PC. In this article, germline variants that have been associated with responses to Abi in patients with advanced PC are summarized. These include biomarker genes such as CYP17A1, AR-V7, HSD3B1, SLCO2B1, SULT1E1, and SRD5A2 that are involved in homologous recombination, as well as in gene expression mutations in important signaling pathways, such as WNT and Abi metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Hongzhe Shi
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Yinglin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Kaidi Le
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Zhongdong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100073, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
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29
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Kervin TA, Overduin M. Regulation of the Phosphoinositide Code by Phosphorylation of Membrane Readers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051205. [PMID: 34069055 PMCID: PMC8156045 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic code that dictates how nucleic acids are translated into proteins is well known, however, the code through which proteins recognize membranes remains mysterious. In eukaryotes, this code is mediated by hundreds of membrane readers that recognize unique phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), which demark organelles to initiate localized trafficking and signaling events. The only superfamily which specifically detects all seven PIPs are the Phox homology (PX) domains. Here, we reveal that throughout evolution, these readers are universally regulated by the phosphorylation of their PIP binding surfaces based on our analysis of existing and modelled protein structures and phosphoproteomic databases. These PIP-stops control the selective targeting of proteins to organelles and are shown to be key determinants of high-fidelity PIP recognition. The protein kinases responsible include prominent cancer targets, underscoring the critical role of regulated membrane readership.
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30
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Whitton B, Okamoto H, Rose-Zerilli M, Packham G, Crabb SJ. V-ATPase Inhibition Decreases Mutant Androgen Receptor Activity in Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:739-748. [PMID: 33563753 PMCID: PMC7611189 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is critically dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Despite initial responsiveness to androgen deprivation, most patients with advanced prostate cancer subsequently progress to a clinically aggressive castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) phenotype, typically associated with expression of splice-variant or mutant AR forms. Although current evidence suggests that the vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multiprotein complex that catalyzes proton transport across intracellular and plasma membranes, influences wild-type AR function, the effect of V-ATPase inhibition on variant AR function is unknown.Inhibition of V-ATPase reduced AR function in wild-type and mutant AR luciferase reporter models. In hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DuCaP) and mutant AR CRPC cell lines (22Rv1, LNCaP-F877L/T878A), V-ATPase inhibition using bafilomycin-A1 and concanamycin-A reduced AR expression, and expression of AR target genes, at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, combining chemical V-ATPase inhibition with the AR antagonist enzalutamide resulted in a greater reduction in AR downstream target expression than enzalutamide alone in LNCaP cells. To investigate the role of individual subunit isoforms, siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 were used to target the V1C1 subunit in 22Rv1 cells. Whereas transfection with ATP6V1C1-targeted siRNA significantly reduced AR protein levels and function, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated V1C1 knockout showed no substantial change in AR expression, but a compensatory increase in protein levels of the alternate V1C2 isoform.Overall, these results indicate that V-ATPase dysregulation is directly linked to both hormone-responsive prostate cancer and CRPC via impact on AR function. In particular, V-ATPase inhibition can reduce AR signaling regardless of mutant AR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradleigh Whitton
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Haruko Okamoto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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31
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Simon I, Perales S, Casado-Medina L, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Garrido-Navas MDC, Puche-Sanz I, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Alaminos C, Lupiañez P, Lorente JA, Serrano MJ, Real PJ. Cross-Resistance to Abiraterone and Enzalutamide in Castration Resistance Prostate Cancer Cellular Models Is Mediated by AR Transcriptional Reactivation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1483. [PMID: 33807106 PMCID: PMC8004828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and novel hormonal agents (NHAs) (Abiraterone and Enzalutamide) are the goal standard for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. Although ADT is initially effective, a subsequent castration resistance status (CRPC) is commonly developed. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) alternative splicing isoforms (AR-V7 and AR-V9) has been associated to CRPC. However, resistance mechanisms to novel NHAs are not yet well understood. Androgen-dependent PCa cell lines were used to generate resistant models to ADT only or in combination with Abiraterone and/or Enzalutamide (concomitant models). Functional and genetic analyses were performed for each resistance model by real-time cell monitoring assays, flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. In androgen-dependent PCa cells, the administration of Abiraterone and/or Enzalutamide as first-line treatment involved a critical inhibition of AR activity associated with a significant cell growth inhibition. Genetic analyses on ADT-resistant PCa cell lines showed that the CRPC phenotype was accompanied by overexpression of AR full-length and AR target genes, but not necessarily AR-V7 and/or AR-V9 isoforms. These ADT resistant cell lines showed higher proliferation rates, migration and invasion abilities. Importantly, ADT resistance induced cross-resistance to Abiraterone and/or Enzalutamide. Similarly, concomitant models possessed an elevated expression of AR full-length and proliferation rates and acquired cross-resistance to its alternative NHA as second-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Simon
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells & Development Lab, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (S.P.); (L.C.-M.); (P.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Perales
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells & Development Lab, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (S.P.); (L.C.-M.); (P.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Casado-Medina
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells & Development Lab, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (S.P.); (L.C.-M.); (P.L.)
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Martínez
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (M.d.C.G.-N.); (J.A.L.)
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria del Carmen Garrido-Navas
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (M.d.C.G.-N.); (J.A.L.)
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Puche-Sanz
- Department of Urology, Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, University of Granada, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Diaz-Mochon
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Nanochembio Lab, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clara Alaminos
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Jaen, Avenida del Ejercito Español 10, 23007 Jaen, Spain;
| | - Pablo Lupiañez
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells & Development Lab, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (S.P.); (L.C.-M.); (P.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lorente
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (M.d.C.G.-N.); (J.A.L.)
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María J. Serrano
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (M.d.C.G.-N.); (J.A.L.)
- Comprehensive Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Real
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells & Development Lab, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (S.P.); (L.C.-M.); (P.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA), Personalized Oncology Group, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
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32
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Branch JR, Bush TL, Pande V, Connolly PJ, Zhang Z, Hickson I, Ondrus J, Jaensch S, Bischoff JR, Habineza G, Van Hecke G, Meerpoel L, Packman K, Parrett CJ, Chong YT, Gottardis MM, Bignan G. Discovery of JNJ-63576253, a Next-Generation Androgen Receptor Antagonist Active Against Wild-Type and Clinically Relevant Ligand Binding Domain Mutations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:763-774. [PMID: 33649102 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms of resistance arise in response to treatment with second-generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Among these, point mutations in the ligand binding domain can transform antagonists into agonists, driving the disease through activation of AR signaling. To address this unmet need, we report the discovery of JNJ-63576253, a next-generation AR pathway inhibitor that potently abrogates AR signaling in models of human prostate adenocarcinoma. JNJ-63576253 is advancing as a clinical candidate with potential effectiveness in the subset of patients who do not respond to or are progressing while on second-generation AR-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tammy L Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Hickson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Ondrus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - James R Bischoff
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Molecular Targeted Therapies (Oncology), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Bignan
- Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey.
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Mechanisms and markers of resistance to androgen signaling inhibitors in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:728.e13-728.e24. [PMID: 33637400 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation androgen signaling inhibitors such as abiraterone and enzalutamide are widely used for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Unfortunately, baseline and acquired resistance to these treatments is commonly observed. In the last few years, significant effort has been devoted to uncover the molecular mechanisms and predictive markers of resistance. These analyses identified various DNA (single nucleotide variations, amplifications) and RNA variants (e.g., the splice variant AR-V7) of androgen receptor in association with resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide therapies. Additionally, androgen receptor independent resistance mechanisms were also described. Some of these alterations can be detected in tumor tissues and/or in liquid biopsies of prostate cancer patients and therefore may serve as predictive biomarkers. According to the diversity of potential resistance mechanisms, it appears that a combination of markers representing various resistance mechanisms may provide better performance as single markers. In the present review, we summarize the most important androgen receptor dependent and independent resistance mechanisms and pay attention to methodological details. Recent data has highlighted that some of the resistance mechanisms to next-generation antiandrogen agents are associated with a better response to other therapies, we give an overview on currently ongoing clinical studies evaluating this promising aspect.
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34
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Maitland NJ. Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:327. [PMID: 33477370 PMCID: PMC7829888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months. Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes, and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive cancer. The timing and mechanisms of cell death after ADT for prostate cancer are not well understood, and off-target effects after long-term ADT due to functional extra-prostatic expression of the androgen receptor protein are now increasingly being recorded. Our knowledge of how these widely used treatments fail at a biological level in patients is deficient. In this review, I will discuss whether there are pre-existing drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass, or whether resistance is induced/selected by the ADT. Equally, what is the cell of origin of this resistance, and does it differ from the treatment-naïve tumor cells by differentiation or dedifferentiation? Conflicting evidence also emerges from studies in the range of biological systems and species employed to answer this key question. It is only by improving our understanding of this aspect of treatment and not simply devising another new means of androgen inhibition that we can improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Maitland
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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35
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Maji D, Glasser E, Henderson S, Galardi J, Pulvino MJ, Jenkins JL, Kielkopf CL. Representative cancer-associated U2AF2 mutations alter RNA interactions and splicing. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17148-17157. [PMID: 33020180 PMCID: PMC7863893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing of hematologic malignancies and other cancers has revealed recurrent mis-sense mutations of genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing factors. The essential splicing factor U2AF2 recognizes a polypyrimidine-tract splice-site signal and initiates spliceosome assembly. Here, we investigate representative, acquired U2AF2 mutations, namely N196K or G301D amino acid substitutions associated with leukemia or solid tumors, respectively. We determined crystal structures of the wild-type (WT) compared with N196K- or G301D-substituted U2AF2 proteins, each bound to a prototypical AdML polypyrimidine tract, at 1.5, 1.4, or 1.7 Å resolutions. The N196K residue appears to stabilize the open conformation of U2AF2 with an inter-RNA recognition motif hydrogen bond, in agreement with an increased apparent RNA-binding affinity of the N196K-substituted protein. The G301D residue remains in a similar position as the WT residue, where unfavorable proximity to the RNA phosphodiester could explain the decreased RNA-binding affinity of the G301D-substituted protein. We found that expression of the G301D-substituted U2AF2 protein reduces splicing of a minigene transcript carrying prototypical splice sites. We further show that expression of either N196K- or G301D-substituted U2AF2 can subtly alter splicing of representative endogenous transcripts, despite the presence of endogenous, WT U2AF2 such as would be present in cancer cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that acquired U2AF2 mutations such as N196K and G301D are capable of dysregulating gene expression for neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjana Maji
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eliezra Glasser
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steven Henderson
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Justin Galardi
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mary J Pulvino
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jermaine L Jenkins
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Clara L Kielkopf
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
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36
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Aurilio G, Cimadamore A, Mazzucchelli R, Lopez-Beltran A, Verri E, Scarpelli M, Massari F, Cheng L, Santoni M, Montironi R. Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer: From Genetics to Clinical Applications. Cells 2020; 9:E2653. [PMID: 33321757 PMCID: PMC7763510 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 80-90% of prostate cancer (PCa) cases are dependent on androgens at initial diagnosis; hence, androgen ablation therapy directed toward a reduction in serum androgens and the inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) is generally the first therapy adopted. However, the patient's response to androgen ablation therapy is variable, and 20-30% of PCa cases become castration resistant (CRPCa). Several mechanisms can guide treatment resistance to anti-AR molecules. In this regard, AR-dependent and -independent resistance mechanisms can be distinguished within the AR pathway. In this article, we investigate the multitude of AR signaling aspects, encompassing the biological structure of AR, current AR-targeted therapies, mechanisms driving resistance to AR, and AR crosstalk with other pathways, in an attempt to provide a comprehensive review for the PCa research community. We also summarize the new anti-AR drugs approved in non-metastatic castration-resistant PCa, in the castration-sensitive setting, and combination therapies with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Aurilio
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital and Head and Neck Tumours, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (E.V.)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Elena Verri
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital and Head and Neck Tumours, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (E.V.)
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.); (M.S.)
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37
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Fang J, Qi J, Dong X, Luo J. Perspectives on Circular RNAs as Prostate Cancer Biomarkers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594992. [PMID: 33330481 PMCID: PMC7710871 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High throughput RNA sequencing has revealed the existence of abundant circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are cell lineage-specific and have been implicated in human diseases. CircRNAs are resistant to exonuclease digestion, can carry genetic information of oncogenes, and are enriched in exosome to be transported from tissues into various body fluids. These properties make circRNAs ideal non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for disease detection. Furthermore, many circRNAs have been demonstrated to possess biological functions in relevant cells, suggesting that they may also be potential therapeutic targets and reagents. However, our knowledge of circRNAs is still at an infant stage and far from being translated into clinics. Here, we review circRNAs in the disease setting of prostate cancer. We start by introducing the basic knowledge of circRNAs, followed by summarizing opportunities of circRNAs to be prostate cancer biomarkers, and discuss current challenges in circRNA research and outlook of future directions in translating current knowledge about circRNA into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jindan Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Wang Y, Gao W, Li Y, Chow ST, Xie W, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chan FL. Interplay between orphan nuclear receptors and androgen receptor-dependent or-independent growth signalings in prostate cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100921. [PMID: 33121737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that both the initial and advanced growth of prostate cancer depends critically on androgens and thus on the activated androgen receptor (AR) -mediated signaling pathway. The unique hormone-dependent feature of prostate cancer forms the biological basis of hormone or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) that aims to suppress the AR signaling by androgen depletion or AR antagonists. ADT still remains the mainstay treatment option for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. However, most patients upon ADT will inevitably develop therapy-resistance and progress to relapse in the form of castration-resistant disease (castration-resistant prostate cancer or CRPC) or even a more aggressive androgen-independent subtype (therapy-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer or NEPC). Recent advances show that besides AR, some ligand-independent members of nuclear receptor superfamily-designated as orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs), as their endogenous physiological ligands are either absent or not yet identified to date, also play significant roles in the growth regulation of prostate cancer via multiple AR-dependent or -independent (AR-bypass) pathways or mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the newly elucidated roles of ONRs in prostate cancer, with a focus on their interplay in the AR-dependent pathways (intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and suppression of AR signaling) and AR-independent pathways or cellular processes (hypoxia, oncogene- or tumor suppressor-induced senescence, apoptosis and regulation of prostate cancer stem cells). These ONRs with their newly characterized roles not only can serve as novel biomarkers but also as potential therapeutic targets for management of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin Ting Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Role of androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) in prostate cancer resistance to 2nd-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Oncogene 2020; 39:6935-6949. [PMID: 32989253 PMCID: PMC7655549 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of truncated androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) in prostate cancer biology is an unresolved question. Is it simply a marker of resistance to 2nd generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) like Abiraterone Acetate (Abi) and Enzalutamide (Enza) or a functional driver of lethal resistance via its ligand-independent transcriptional activity? To resolve this question, the correlation between resistance to ARSi and genetic chances and expression of full length AR (AR-FL) vs. AR-V7 were evaluated in a series of independent patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). While all PDXs lack PTEN expression, there is no consistent requirement for mutation in TP53, RB1, BRCA2, PIK3CA, or MSH2, or expression of SOX2 or ERG and ARSi-resistance. Elevated expression of AR-FL alone is sufficient for Abi- but not Enza-resistance, even if AR-FL is gain-of-function (GOF) mutated. Enza-resistance is consistently correlated with enhanced AR-V7 expression. In vitro and in vivo growth responses of Abi-/Enza-resistant LNCaP-95 cells in which CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockout AR-FL or AR-V7 alone or in combination were evaluated. Combining these growth responses with RNAseq analysis demonstrates that both AR-FL and AR-V7 dependent transcriptional complementation are needed for Abi/Enza resistance.
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40
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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41
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Ledet EM, Lilly MB, Sonpavde G, Lin E, Nussenzveig RH, Barata PC, Yandell M, Nagy RJ, Kiedrowski L, Agarwal N, Sartor O. Comprehensive Analysis of AR Alterations in Circulating Tumor DNA from Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer. Oncologist 2020; 25:327-333. [PMID: 32297439 PMCID: PMC7160408 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic alterations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be associated with treatment response or prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). The goal was to characterize androgen receptor gene (AR) amplifications and mutations detected in ctDNA from patients with PCa and to further understand the somatic genetic heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included a heterogeneous group of 892 patients with advanced PCa (predominantly castrate-resistant prostate cancer) with AR alterations detected in ctDNA that underwent next-generation sequencing of 54 to 73 genes via Guardant360 testing (Guardant Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA). Distribution and summary of AR alterations detected, the association of AR alterations with other genes, and a pathway analysis are reported. RESULTS The median absolute plasma copy number of AR amplifications was 3.3 (range, 1.2-165.2). Many patients had multiple AR mutations; a total of 112 unique mutations were identified in AR, including L702H (25%), T878A (14%), H875Y (11%), W742C (8%), W742L (4%), F877L (2%), and T878S (2%). Other ctDNA gene alterations in the Guardant assays included TP53 (50%), MYC (34%), BRAF (32%), PIK3CA (29%), MET (25%), CDK6 (26%), EGFR (24%), FGFR1 (21%), and APC (12%). Many of these non-AR alterations are not tissue verified in other studies. AR amplification cosegregated with alterations in MYC (p < .001), BRAF (p < .001), PIK3CA (p < .001), MET (p < .001), CDK6 (p < .001), EGFR (p < .001), FGFR1 (p = .391), and more. Alterations in APC were significantly associated with mutations in AR (p < .001). CONCLUSION Several AR alterations and concomitant non-AR alterations that associate with drug resistance were detected. These findings provide additional insights into the heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The goal was to characterize androgen receptor gene (AR) amplifications and mutations detected in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with prostate cancer in relation to non-AR gene alterations detected in the ctDNA landscape. The study included 892 patients with prostate cancer with AR alterations in ctDNA. AR alterations were significantly associated with other gene alterations detected in ctDNA. The common AR mutations found are linked to resistance to abiraterone, enzalutamide, or bicalutamide. Characterization of the circulating AR landscape and gene alterations provides potential additional insight into the somatic genetic heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Ledet
- Tulane Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | | | - Edwin Lin
- School of Medicine, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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42
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Wilkinson S, Harmon SA, Terrigino NT, Karzai F, Pinto PA, Madan RA, VanderWeele DJ, Lake R, Atway R, Bright JR, Carrabba NV, Trostel SY, Lis RT, Chun G, Gulley JL, Merino MJ, Choyke PL, Ye H, Dahut WL, Turkbey B, Sowalsky AG. A case report of multiple primary prostate tumors with differential drug sensitivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:837. [PMID: 32054861 PMCID: PMC7018822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized prostate cancers are genetically variable and frequently multifocal, comprising spatially distinct regions with multiple independently-evolving clones. To date there is no understanding of whether this variability can influence management decisions for patients with prostate tumors. Here, we present a single case from a clinical trial of neoadjuvant intense androgen deprivation therapy. A patient was diagnosed with a large semi-contiguous tumor by imaging, histologically composed of a large Gleason score 9 tumor with an adjacent Gleason score 7 nodule. DNA sequencing demonstrates these are two independent tumors, as only the Gleason 9 tumor harbors single-copy losses of PTEN and TP53. The PTEN/TP53-deficient tumor demonstrates treatment resistance, selecting for subclones with mutations to the remaining copies of PTEN and TP53, while the Gleason 7 PTEN-intact tumor is almost entirely ablated. These findings indicate that spatiogenetic variability is a major confounder for personalized treatment of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie A Harmon
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Nicholas T Terrigino
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David J VanderWeele
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rayann Atway
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John R Bright
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicole V Carrabba
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guinevere Chun
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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43
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Profiling of anabolic androgenic steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators for interference with adrenal steroidogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 172:113781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Anti-androgen hormonal therapy for cancer and other diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 866:172783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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45
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Obst JK, Wang J, Jian K, Williams DE, Tien AH, Mawji N, Tam T, Yang YC, Andersen RJ, Chi KN, Montgomery B, Sadar MD. Revealing Metabolic Liabilities of Ralaniten To Enhance Novel Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:453-467. [PMID: 32259077 PMCID: PMC7088963 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Ralaniten (formally EPI-002) prevents AR transcriptional activity by binding to its N-terminal domain (NTD) which is essential for transcriptional activity. Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506) the triacetate pro-drug of ralaniten, remains the only AR-NTD inhibitor to have entered clinical trials (NCT02606123). While well tolerated, the trial was ultimately terminated due to poor pharmacokinetic properties and resulting pill burden. Here we discovered that ralaniten was glucuronidated which resulted in decreased potency. Long-term treatment of prostate cancer cells with ralaniten results in upregulation of UGT2B enzymes with concomitant loss of potency. This has proven to be a useful model with which to facilitate the development of more potent second-generation AR-NTD inhibitors. Glucuronidated metabolites of ralaniten were also detected in the serum of patients in Phase 1 clinical trials. Therefore, we tested an analogue of ralaniten (EPI-045) which was resistant to glucuronidation and demonstrated superiority to ralaniten in our resistant model. These data support that analogues of ralaniten designed to mitigate glucuronidation may optimize clinical responses to AR-NTD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon K. Obst
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of British Columbia, 2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kunzhong Jian
- Departments
of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David E. Williams
- Departments
of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Amy H. Tien
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nasrin Mawji
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Teresa Tam
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Yu Chi Yang
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Departments
of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kim N. Chi
- BC
Cancer Agency, 600 West
10th Avenue, Vancouver, British
Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- University
of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Marianne D. Sadar
- Department
of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research
Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of British Columbia, 2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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46
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Khalaf DJ, Annala M, Taavitsainen S, Finch DL, Oja C, Vergidis J, Zulfiqar M, Sunderland K, Azad AA, Kollmannsberger CK, Eigl BJ, Noonan K, Wadhwa D, Attwell A, Keith B, Ellard SL, Le L, Gleave ME, Wyatt AW, Chi KN. Optimal sequencing of enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2, crossover trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:1730-1739. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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47
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McManus JM, Bohn K, Alyamani M, Chung YM, Klein EA, Sharifi N. Rapid and structure-specific cellular uptake of selected steroids. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224081. [PMID: 31622417 PMCID: PMC6797172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones and their respective nuclear receptors are essential mediators in numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, ranging from regulation of metabolism, immune function, and reproductive processes to the development of hormone-dependent cancers such as those of the breast and prostate. Because steroids must enter cells before activating nuclear receptors, understanding the mechanisms by which cellular uptake occurs is critical, yet a clear understanding of these mechanisms has been elusive. It is generally assumed that diffusion-driven uptake is similar across various steroids whereas an elevated cellular concentration is thought to reflect active uptake, but these assumptions have not been directly tested. Here we show that intact cells rapidly accumulate free steroids to markedly elevated concentrations. This effect varies widely depending on steroid structure; more lipophilic steroids reach more elevated concentrations. Strong preferences exist for 3β-OH, Δ5-steroids vs. 3-keto, Δ4-structural features and for progestogens vs. androgens. Surprisingly, steroid-structure-specific preferences do not require cell viability, implying a passive mechanism, and occur across cells derived from multiple tissue types. Physiologic relevance is suggested by structure-specific preferences in human prostate tissue compared with serum. On the other hand, the presence of serum proteins in vitro blocks much, but not all, of the passive accumulation, while still permitting a substantial amount of active accumulation for certain steroids. Our findings suggest that both passive and active uptake mechanisms make important contributions to the cellular steroid uptake process. The role of passive, lipophilicity-driven accumulation has previously been largely unappreciated, and its existence provides important context to studies on steroid transport and action both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. McManus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Bohn
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Alyamani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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48
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Boerrigter E, Groen LN, Van Erp NP, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Clinical utility of emerging biomarkers in prostate cancer liquid biopsies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:219-230. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1675515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi N. Groen
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. Van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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49
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Rice MA, Malhotra SV, Stoyanova T. Second-Generation Antiandrogens: From Discovery to Standard of Care in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:801. [PMID: 31555580 PMCID: PMC6723105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer affecting men in the United States. The prostate is a hormone-dependent gland in which androgen hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to and activate the androgen receptor, initiating nuclear translocation of androgen receptor and a subsequent signaling cascade. Due to the androgen dependency of the prostate, androgen deprivation therapies have emerged as first line treatment for aggressive prostate cancer. Such therapies are effective until the point at which prostate cancer, through a variety of mechanisms including but not limited to generation of ligand-independent androgen receptor splice variants, or intratumoral androgen production, overcome hormone deprivation. These cancers are androgen ablation resistant, clinically termed castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and remain incurable. First-generation antiandrogens established androgen receptor blockade as a therapeutic strategy, but these therapies do not completely block androgen receptor activity. Efficacy and potency have been improved by the development of second-generation antiandrogen therapies, which remain the standard of care for patients with CRPC. Four second-generation anti-androgens are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, and recently approved apalutamide and darolutamide. This review is intended to provide a thorough overview of FDA approved second-generation antiandrogen discovery, treatment application, strategies for combination therapy to overcome resistance, and an insight for the potential future approaches for therapeutic inhibition of androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A. Rice
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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50
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Pudova EA, Lukyanova EN, Nyushko KM, Mikhaylenko DS, Zaretsky AR, Snezhkina AV, Savvateeva MV, Kobelyatskaya AA, Melnikova NV, Volchenko NN, Efremov GD, Klimina KM, Belova AA, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Krasnov GS, Kudryavtseva AV. Differentially Expressed Genes Associated With Prognosis in Locally Advanced Lymph Node-Negative Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:730. [PMID: 31447885 PMCID: PMC6697060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Older age is one of the main risk factors for cancer development. The incidence of prostate cancer, as a multifactorial disease, also depends upon demographic factors, race, and genetic predisposition. Prostate cancer most frequently occurs in men over 60 years of age, indicating a clear association between older age and disease onset. Carcinogenesis is followed by the deregulation of many genes, and some of these changes could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of drug therapy efficacy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We have performed a bioinformatic analysis of a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and RNA-Seq profiling of a Russian patient cohort to reveal prognostic markers of locally advanced lymph node-negative prostate cancer (lymph node-negative LAPC). We also aimed to identify markers of the most common molecular subtype of prostate cancer carrying a fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. We have found several genes that were differently expressed between the favorable and unfavorable prognosis groups and involved in the enriched KEGG pathways based on the TCGA (B4GALNT4, PTK6, and CHAT) and Russian patient cohort data (AKR1C1 and AKR1C3). Additionally, we revealed such genes for the TMPRSS2-ERG prostate cancer molecular subtype (B4GALNT4, ASRGL1, MYBPC1, RGS11, SLC6A14, GALNT13, and ST6GALNAC1). Obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer progression and could be used for further development of the LAPC prognosis marker panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Lukyanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M. Nyushko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Mikhaylenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria V. Savvateeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N. Volchenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady D. Efremov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya M. Klimina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Belova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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