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Xu Y, Miller CP, Tykodi SS, Akilesh S, Warren EH. Signaling crosstalk between tumor endothelial cells and immune cells in the microenvironment of solid tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1387198. [PMID: 38726320 PMCID: PMC11079179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1387198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) are crucial mediators of immune surveillance and immune escape in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TECs driven by angiogenic growth factors form an abnormal vasculature which deploys molecular machinery to selectively promote the function and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells while simultaneously blocking the entry and function of anti-tumor immune cells. TECs also utilize a similar set of signaling regulators to promote the metastasis of tumor cells. Meanwhile, the tumor-infiltrating immune cells further induce the TEC anergy by secreting pro-angiogenic factors and prevents further immune cell penetration into the TME. Understanding the complex interactions between TECs and immune cells will be needed to successfully treat cancer patients with combined therapy to achieve vasculature normalization while augmenting antitumor immunity. In this review, we will discuss what is known about the signaling crosstalk between TECs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells to reveal insights and strategies for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chris P. Miller
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Scott S. Tykodi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edus H. Warren
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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2
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Shao T, Li J, Su M, Yang C, Ma Y, Lv C, Wang W, Xie Y, Xu G, Shi C, Zhou X, Fan H, Li Y, Xu J. A machine learning model identifies M3-like subtype in AML based on PML/RARα targets. iScience 2024; 27:108947. [PMID: 38322990 PMCID: PMC10844831 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The typical genomic feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M3 subtype is the fusion event of PML/RARα, and ATRA/ATO-based combination therapy is current standard treatment regimen for M3 subtype. Here, a machine-learning model based on expressions of PML/RARα targets was developed to identify M3 patients by analyzing 1228 AML patients. Our model exhibited high accuracy. To enable more non-M3 AML patients to potentially benefit from ATRA/ATO therapy, M3-like patients were further identified. We found that M3-like patients had strong GMP features, including the expression patterns of M3 subtype marker genes, the proportion of myeloid progenitor cells, and deconvolution of AML constituent cell populations. M3-like patients exhibited distinct genomic features, low immune activity and better clinical survival. The initiative identification of patients similar to M3 subtype may help to identify more patients that would benefit from ATO/ATRA treatment and deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Jianing Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Minghai Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Changbo Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Chongwen Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yunjin Xie
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Huitao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- School of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
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3
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Leone P, Malerba E, Susca N, Favoino E, Perosa F, Brunori G, Prete M, Racanelli V. Endothelial cells in tumor microenvironment: insights and perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367875. [PMID: 38426109 PMCID: PMC10902062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly complex and dynamic mixture of cell types, including tumor, immune and endothelial cells (ECs), soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), blood vessels and extracellular matrix. Within this complex network, ECs are not only relevant for controlling blood fluidity and permeability, and orchestrating tumor angiogenesis but also for regulating the antitumor immune response. Lining the luminal side of vessels, ECs check the passage of molecules into the tumor compartment, regulate cellular transmigration, and interact with both circulating pathogens and innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, they represent a first-line defense system that participates in immune responses. Tumor-associated ECs are involved in T cell priming, activation, and proliferation by acting as semi-professional antigen presenting cells. Thus, targeting ECs may assist in improving antitumor immune cell functions. Moreover, tumor-associated ECs contribute to the development at the tumor site of tertiary lymphoid structures, which have recently been associated with enhanced response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). When compared to normal ECs, tumor-associated ECs are abnormal in terms of phenotype, genetic expression profile, and functions. They are characterized by high proliferative potential and the ability to activate immunosuppressive mechanisms that support tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. A complete phenotypic and functional characterization of tumor-associated ECs could be helpful to clarify their complex role within the tumor microenvironment and to identify EC specific drug targets to improve cancer therapy. The emerging therapeutic strategies based on the combination of anti-angiogenic treatments with immunotherapy strategies, including ICI, CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies aim to impact both ECs and immune cells to block angiogenesis and at the same time to increase recruitment and activation of effector cells within the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Susca
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elvira Favoino
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Internal Medicine Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
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4
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Wohlfeil SA, Olsavszky A, Irkens AL, Häfele V, Dietsch B, Straub N, Goerdt S, Géraud C. Deficiency of Stabilin-1 in the Context of Hepatic Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:441. [PMID: 38275881 PMCID: PMC10814973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the role of Stabilin-1 on hepatic melanoma metastasis in preclinical mouse models. METHODS In Stabilin-1-/- mice (Stab1 KO), liver colonization of B16F10 luc2 and Wt31 melanoma was investigated. The numbers, morphology, and vascularization of hepatic metastases and the hepatic microenvironment were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS While hepatic metastasis of B16F10 luc2 or Wt31 melanoma was unaltered between Stab1 KO and wildtype (Ctrl) mice, metastases of B16F10 luc2 tended to be smaller in Stab1 KO. The endothelial differentiation of both types of liver metastases was similar in Stab1 KO and Ctrl. No differences in initial tumor cell adhesion and retention to the liver vasculature were detected in the B16F10 luc2 model. Analysis of the immune microenvironment revealed a trend towards higher levels of CD45+Gr-1+ cells in Stab1 KO as compared to Ctrl in the B16F10 luc2 model. Interestingly, significantly higher levels of POSTN were found in the matrix of hepatic metastases of Wt31, while liver metastases of B16F10 luc2 showed a trend towards increased deposition of RELN. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic melanoma metastases show resistance to Stabilin-1 targeting approaches. This suggests that anti-Stab1 therapies should be considered with respect to the tumor entity or target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Wohlfeil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Irkens
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Häfele
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianca Dietsch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Niklas Straub
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68135 Mannheim, Germany (A.L.I.); (V.H.); (B.D.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
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5
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Rannikko JH, Verlingue L, de Miguel M, Pasanen A, Robbrecht D, Skytta T, Iivanainen S, Shetty S, Ma YT, Graham DM, Arora SP, Jaakkola P, Yap C, Xiang Y, Mandelin J, Karvonen MK, Jalkanen J, Karaman S, Koivunen JP, Minchom A, Hollmén M, Bono P. Bexmarilimab-induced macrophage activation leads to treatment benefit in solid tumors: The phase I/II first-in-human MATINS trial. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101307. [PMID: 38056464 PMCID: PMC10772343 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage Clever-1 contributes to impaired antigen presentation and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. This first-in-human trial investigates the safety and tolerability of Clever-1 blockade with bexmarilimab in patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors and assesses preliminary anti-tumor efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates. Bexmarilimab shows no dose-limiting toxicities in part I (n = 30) and no additional safety signals in part II (n = 108). Disease control (DC) rates of 25%-40% are observed in cutaneous melanoma, gastric, hepatocellular, estrogen receptor-positive breast, and biliary tract cancers. DC associates with improved survival in a landmark analysis and correlates with high pre-treatment intratumoral Clever-1 positivity and increasing on-treatment serum interferon γ (IFNγ) levels. Spatial transcriptomics profiling of DC and non-DC tumors demonstrates bexmarilimab-induced macrophage activation and stimulation of IFNγ and T cell receptor signaling selectively in DC patients. These data suggest that bexmarilimab therapy is well tolerated and show that macrophage targeting can promote immune activation and tumor control in late-stage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Loic Verlingue
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris and Centre Leon Berard in Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Annika Pasanen
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Debbie Robbrecht
- Erasmus Medical Center/Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Shishir Shetty
- University of Birmingham/University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yuk Ting Ma
- University of Birmingham/University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Panu Jaakkola
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christina Yap
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yujuan Xiang
- INDIVIDRUG Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Sinem Karaman
- INDIVIDRUG Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi P Koivunen
- Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Minchom
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Turku, Finland.
| | - Petri Bono
- Terveystalo Finland and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Fermi V, Warta R, Wöllner A, Lotsch C, Jassowicz L, Rapp C, Knoll M, Jungwirth G, Jungk C, Dao Trong P, von Deimling A, Abdollahi A, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C. Effective Reprogramming of Patient-Derived M2-Polarized Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia/Macrophages by Treatment with GW2580. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4685-4697. [PMID: 37682326 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic glioblastoma (GBM)-associated macrophages and microglial cells (GAM) has great potential to improve patient outcomes. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) has emerged as a promising target for reprograming anti-inflammatory M2-like GAMs. However, treatment data on patient-derived, tumor-educated GAMs and their influence on the adaptive immunity are lacking. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD11b+-GAMs freshly isolated from patient tumors were treated with CSF1R-targeting drugs PLX3397, BLZ945, and GW2580. Phenotypical changes upon treatment were assessed using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and cytokine quantification. Functional analyses included inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, phagocytosis, transmigration, and autologous tumor cell killing assays. Antitumor effects and changes in GAM activation were confirmed in a complex patient-derived 3D tumor organoid model serving as a tumor avatar. RESULTS The most effective reprogramming of GAMs was observed upon GW2580 treatment, which led to the downregulation of M2-related markers, IL6, IL10, ERK1/2, and MAPK signaling pathways, while M1-like markers, gene set enrichment indicating activated MHC-II presentation, phagocytosis, and T-cell killing were substantially increased. Moreover, treatment of patient-derived GBM organoids with GW2580 confirmed successful reprogramming, resulting in impaired tumor cell proliferation. In line with its failure in clinical trials, PLX3397 was ineffective in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS This comparative analysis of CSF1R-targeting drugs on patient-derived GAMs and human GBM avatars identified GW2580 as the most powerful inhibitor with the ability to polarize immunosuppressive GAMs to a proinflammatory phenotype, supporting antitumor T-cell responses while also exerting a direct antitumor effect. These data indicate that GW2580 could be an important pillar in future therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fermi
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Warta
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Wöllner
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catharina Lotsch
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Jassowicz
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 522, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Knoll
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jungwirth
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Jungk
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Dao Trong
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Wang MM, Coupland SE, Aittokallio T, Figueiredo CR. Resistance to immune checkpoint therapies by tumour-induced T-cell desertification and exclusion: key mechanisms, prognostication and new therapeutic opportunities. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1212-1224. [PMID: 37454231 PMCID: PMC10575907 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) can reinvigorate the effector functions of anti-tumour T cells, improving cancer patient outcomes. Anti-tumour T cells are initially formed during their first contact (priming) with tumour antigens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Unfortunately, many patients are refractory to ICT because their tumours are considered to be 'cold' tumours-i.e., they do not allow the generation of T cells (so-called 'desert' tumours) or the infiltration of existing anti-tumour T cells (T-cell-excluded tumours). Desert tumours disturb antigen processing and priming of T cells by targeting APCs with suppressive tumour factors derived from their genetic instabilities. In contrast, T-cell-excluded tumours are characterised by blocking effective anti-tumour T lymphocytes infiltrating cancer masses by obstacles, such as fibrosis and tumour-cell-induced immunosuppression. This review delves into critical mechanisms by which cancer cells induce T-cell 'desertification' and 'exclusion' in ICT refractory tumours. Filling the gaps in our knowledge regarding these pro-tumoral mechanisms will aid researchers in developing novel class immunotherapies that aim at restoring T-cell generation with more efficient priming by APCs and leukocyte tumour trafficking. Such developments are expected to unleash the clinical benefit of ICT in refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Meng Wang
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group (LOORG), Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos R Figueiredo
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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8
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Song J, Xiao T, Li M, Jia Q. Tumor-associated macrophages: Potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154739. [PMID: 37544129 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are plastic and functionally diverse, present in all tissues, and play a key role in organisms from development, homeostasis and repair, to immune responses to pathogens. They are central to many disease states and have emerged as important therapeutic targets for many diseases. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are key factors influencing cancer progression, metastasis and tumor recurrence. TAMs can be derived from different sources and exert different pro- or anti-tumor effects based on the type, stage and immune composition of the tumor. TAMs are highly heterogeneous and diverse, and have multiple functional phenotypes. There is still a great deal of controversy regarding the relationship between TAMs and prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of common markers of TAMs as well as explore the prognostic role of TAMs in different cancers including lung, breast, gastric, colorectal, esophageal and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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9
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Gábris F, Kiss G, Szirmay B, Szomor Á, Berta G, Jakus Z, Kellermayer Z, Balogh P. Absence of Nkx2-3 induces ectopic lymphatic endothelial differentiation associated with impaired extramedullary stress hematopoiesis in the spleen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170389. [PMID: 37091975 PMCID: PMC10113473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The red and white pulps as two main parts of the spleen are arranged around distinct types of vasculature, and perform significantly different functions in both humans and mice. Previous observations indicated a profound alteration of the local vessel specialization in mice lacking Nkx2-3 homeodomain transcription factor, including contradictory results suggesting presence of an ectopic lymphatic vascular structure. Furthermore, how the absence of Nkx2-3 and the consequential changes in endothelial components affect the extramedullary hematopoietic activity restricted to the splenic red pulp is unknown. In this work, we investigated the role of Nkx2-3 homeodomain transcription factor as a major morphogenic determinant for vascular specification, and its effect in the extramedullary hematopoiesis following acute blood loss and pharmacological stimulation of megakaryocyte differentiation after treatment with thrombopoietin-receptor mimetic Romiplostim. We found that, in mice lacking Nkx2-3, Prox1-positive lymphatic capillaries containing gp38/CD31 double positive lymphatic endothelial cells develop, arranged into an extensive meshwork, while the Clever1-positive venous segments of red pulp blood vasculature are absent. This lymphatic endothelial shift is coupled with a severely compromised splenic erythropoiesis and a significantly reduced splenic megakaryocyte colony formation following Romiplostim treatment in mice lacking Nkx2-3. These findings indicate that the shift of microvascular patterning in the absence of Nkx2-3 includes the emergence of ectopic Prox1-positive lymphatic vessels, and that this pivoting towards lymph node-like vascular patterning is associated with an impaired reserve hematopoietic capacity of the splenic red pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Gábris
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kiss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Szirmay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szomor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kellermayer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Péter Balogh,
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10
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Tumor Vasculature as an Emerging Pharmacological Target to Promote Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054422. [PMID: 36901858 PMCID: PMC10002465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature abnormality creates a microenvironment that is not suitable for anti-tumor immune response and thereby induces resistance to immunotherapy. Remodeling of dysfunctional tumor blood vessels by anti-angiogenic approaches, known as vascular normalization, reshapes the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-favorable one and improves the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The tumor vasculature serves as a potential pharmacological target with the capacity of promoting an anti-tumor immune response. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor vascular microenvironment-modulated immune reactions are summarized. In addition, the evidence of pre-clinical and clinical studies for the combined targeting of pro-angiogenic signaling and immune checkpoint molecules with therapeutic potential are highlighted. The heterogeneity of endothelial cells in tumors that regulate tissue-specific immune responses is also discussed. The crosstalk between tumor endothelial cells and immune cells in individual tissues is postulated to have a unique molecular signature and may be considered as a potential target for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
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11
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Kazakova A, Sudarskikh T, Kovalev O, Kzhyshkowska J, Larionova I. Interaction of tumor‑associated macrophages with stromal and immune components in solid tumors: Research progress (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:32. [PMID: 36660926 PMCID: PMC9851132 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which belong to the innate immune system and regulate primary tumor growth, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis. The review discusses current knowledge of essential cell‑cell interactions of TAMs within the TME of solid tumors. It summarizes the mechanisms of stromal cell (including cancer‑associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells)‑mediated monocyte recruitment and regulation of differentiation, as well as pro‑tumor and antitumor polarization of TAMs. Additionally, it focuses on the perivascular TAM subpopulations that regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. It describes the possible mechanisms of reciprocal interactions of TAMs with other immune cells responsible for immunosuppression. Finally, it highlights the perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches to use combined cellular targets that include TAMs and other stromal and immune cells in the TME. The collected data demonstrated the importance of understanding cell‑cell interactions in the TME to prevent distant metastasis and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kazakova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Sudarskikh
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Kovalev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russian Federation
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12
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Kazakova E, Iamshchikov P, Larionova I, Kzhyshkowska J. Macrophage scavenger receptors: Tumor support and tumor inhibition. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1096897. [PMID: 36686729 PMCID: PMC9853406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1096897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that constitute up to 50% of the cell mass of human tumors. TAMs interact with the components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by using scavenger receptors (SRs), a large superfamily of multifunctional receptors that recognize, internalize and transport to the endosomal/lysosomal pathway apoptotic cells, cytokines, matrix molecules, lipid modified lipoproteins and other unwanted-self ligands. In our review, we summarized state-of-the art for the role of macrophage scavenger receptors in tumor development and their significance as cancer biomarkers. In this review we focused on functional activity of TAM-expressing SRs in animal models and in patients, and summarized the data for different human cancer types about the prognostic significance of TAM-expressed SRs. We discussed the role of SRs in the regulation of cancer cell biology, cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction in TME, immune status in TME, angiogenesis, and intratumoral metabolism. Targeting of tumor-promoting SRs can be a promising therapeutic approach in anti-cancer therapy. In our review we provide evidence for both tumor supporting and tumor inhibiting functions of scavenger receptors expressed on TAMs. We focused on the key differences in the prognostic and functional roles of SRs that are specific for cancer types. We highlighted perspectives for inhibition of tumor-promoting SRs in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kazakova
- Laboratory of translational cellular and molecular biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Iamshchikov
- Laboratory of translational cellular and molecular biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of translational cellular and molecular biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia,Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of translational cellular and molecular biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia,Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia,Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany,*Correspondence: Julia Kzhyshkowska,
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13
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Badve SS, Gökmen-Polar Y. Targeting the Tumor-Tumor Microenvironment Crosstalk. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:447-457. [PMID: 37395003 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2230362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer development and progression is a complex process influenced by co-evolution of the cancer cells and their microenvironment. However, traditional anti-cancer therapy is mostly targeted toward cancer cells. To improve the efficacy of cancer drugs, the complex interactions between the tumor (T) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) should be considered while developing therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The present review article will discuss the components of T-TME as well as the potential to co-target these two distinct elements. We document that these approaches have resulted in success in preventing tumor progression and metastasis, albeit in animal models in some cases. Lastly, it is important to consider the tissue context and tumor type as these could significantly modify the role of these molecules/pathways and hence the overall likelihood of response. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to target the components of tumor microenvironment in anti-cancer therapy. PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov was searched through May 2023. EXPERT OPINION The tumor-tumor microenvironment cross talk and heterogeneity are major mechanisms conferring resistance to standard of care. Better understanding of the tissue specific T-TME interactions and dual targeting has the promise of improving cancer control and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Guo Z, Zhang R, Yang AG, Zheng G. Diversity of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121285. [PMID: 36960057 PMCID: PMC10027905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal expression of immune checkpoint molecules on different immune cells, in particular T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages and others. In this review, we discuss the checkpoint molecules with enhanced expression on these lymphocytes and their consequences on immune effector functions. Dissecting the diverse roles of immune checkpoints in different immune cells is crucial for a full understanding of immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxu Zheng, ; An-Gang Yang,
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxu Zheng, ; An-Gang Yang,
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15
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Qian Y, Yang T, Liang H, Deng M. Myeloid checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy. Chin J Cancer Res 2022; 34:460-482. [PMID: 36398127 PMCID: PMC9646457 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2022.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid checkpoints are receptors on the myeloid cell surface which can mediate inhibitory signals to modulate anti-tumor immune activities. They can either inhibit cellular phagocytosis or suppress T cells and are thus involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the tumor microenvironment, besides killing tumor cells by phagocytosis or activating anti-tumor immunity by tumor antigen presentation, myeloid cells could execute pro-tumor efficacies through myeloid checkpoints by interacting with counter-receptors on other immune cells or cancer cells. In summary, myeloid checkpoints may be promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Qian
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100142, China
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16
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Spourquet C, Delcorte O, Lemoine P, Dauguet N, Loriot A, Achouri Y, Hollmén M, Jalkanen S, Huaux F, Lucas S, Meerkeeck PV, Knauf JA, Fagin JA, Dessy C, Mourad M, Henriet P, Tyteca D, Marbaix E, Pierreux CE. BRAFV600E Expression in Thyrocytes Causes Recruitment of Immunosuppressive STABILIN-1 Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194687. [PMID: 36230610 PMCID: PMC9563029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Incidence of thyroid cancer, including papillary thyroid cancer, is rapidly increasing. Oncogenes, such as the BRAFV600E, have been identified, and their effect on thyroid cancer cells have been studied in vitro and in mouse models. What is less understood is the impact of these mutations on thyroid cancer microenvironment and, in turn, the effect of changes in the microenvironment on tumor progression. We investigated the modifications in the cellular composition of thyroid cancer microenvironment using an inducible mouse model. We focused on a subpopulation of macrophages, expressing the STABILIN-1 protein, recruited in the thyroid tumor microenvironment following BRAFV600E expression. CRISPR/Cas9 genetic inactivation of Stablin-1 did not change macrophage recruitment but highlighted the immunosuppressive role of STABILIN-1-expressing macrophages. The identification of a similar subpopulation of STABILIN-1 macrophages in human thyroid diseases supports a conserved role for these macrophages and offers an opportunity for intervention. Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histological subtype of thyroid cancers (TC), and BRAFV600E genetic alteration is found in 60% of this endocrine cancer. This oncogene is associated with poor prognosis, resistance to radioiodine therapy, and tumor progression. Histological follow-up by anatomo-pathologists revealed that two-thirds of surgically-removed thyroids do not present malignant lesions. Thus, continued fundamental research into the molecular mechanisms of TC downstream of BRAFV600E remains central to better understanding the clinical behavior of these tumors. To study PTC, we used a mouse model in which expression of BRAFV600E was specifically switched on in thyrocytes by doxycycline administration. Upon daily intraperitoneal doxycycline injection, thyroid tissue rapidly acquired histological features mimicking human PTC. Transcriptomic analysis revealed major changes in immune signaling pathways upon BRAFV600E induction. Multiplex immunofluorescence confirmed the abundant recruitment of macrophages, among which a population of LYVE-1+/CD206+/STABILIN-1+ was dramatically increased. By genetically inactivating the gene coding for the scavenger receptor STABILIN-1, we showed an increase of CD8+ T cells in this in situ BRAFV600E-dependent TC. Lastly, we demonstrated the presence of CD206+/STABILIN-1+ macrophages in human thyroid pathologies. Altogether, we revealed the recruitment of immunosuppressive STABILIN-1 macrophages in a PTC mouse model and the interest to further study this macrophage subpopulation in human thyroid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Spourquet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ophélie Delcorte
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- CYTF Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Loriot
- CBIO Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgenesis Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - François Huaux
- LTAP Unit, IREC, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lucas
- GECE Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Meerkeeck
- GECE Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey A. Knauf
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery in the Cleveland Clinic Lerner, College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - James A. Fagin
- Department of Medicine and Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chantal Dessy
- FATH & MORF Unit, IREC, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Mourad
- Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Division, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe E. Pierreux
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+32-2-764-65-22
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17
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Wang Y, Johnson KCC, Gatti-Mays ME, Li Z. Emerging strategies in targeting tumor-resident myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:118. [PMID: 36031601 PMCID: PMC9420297 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 provide deep and durable treatment responses which have revolutionized oncology. However, despite over 40% of cancer patients being eligible to receive immunotherapy, only 12% of patients gain benefit. A key to understanding what differentiates treatment response from non-response is better defining the role of the innate immune system in anti-tumor immunity and immune tolerance. Teleologically, myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils, initiate a response to invading pathogens and tissue repair after pathogen clearance is successfully accomplished. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), these innate cells are hijacked by the tumor cells and are imprinted to furthering tumor propagation and dissemination. Major advancements have been made in the field, especially related to the heterogeneity of myeloid cells and their function in the TME at the single cell level, a topic that has been highlighted by several recent international meetings including the 2021 China Cancer Immunotherapy workshop in Beijing. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the mechanisms by which major myeloid cells in the TME facilitate immunosuppression, enable tumor growth, foster tumor plasticity, and confer therapeutic resistance. We discuss ongoing strategies targeting the myeloid compartment in the preclinical and clinical settings which include: (1) altering myeloid cell composition within the TME; (2) functional blockade of immune-suppressive myeloid cells; (3) reprogramming myeloid cells to acquire pro-inflammatory properties; (4) modulating myeloid cells via cytokines; (5) myeloid cell therapies; and (6) emerging targets such as Siglec-15, TREM2, MARCO, LILRB2, and CLEVER-1. There is a significant promise that myeloid cell-based immunotherapy will help advance immuno-oncology in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Margaret E Gatti-Mays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Zihai Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Mutka M, Virtakoivu R, Joensuu K, Hollmén M, Heikkilä P. Clever-1 positive macrophages in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:237-248. [PMID: 35917053 PMCID: PMC9464734 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor 1 (Clever-1) is expressed by a subset of immunosuppressive macrophages and targeting the receptor with therapeutic antibodies has been shown to activate T-cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity. The aim of this research was to study Clever-1 expression in breast cancer. Specifically, how Clever-1 + macrophages correlate with clinicopathologic factors, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and prognosis. Methods Tissue microarray blocks were made from 373 primary breast cancer operation specimens. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E-staining) and immunohistochemical staining with Clever-1, CD3, CD4 and CD8 antibodies were performed. Differences in quantities of Clever-1 + macrophages and TILs were analyzed. Clever-1 + cell numbers were correlated with 25-year follow-up survival data and with breast cancer clinicopathologic parameters. Results Low numbers of intratumoral Clever-1 + cells were found to be an independent adverse prognostic sign. Increased numbers of Clever-1 + cells were found in high grade tumors and hormone receptor negative tumors. Tumors that had higher amounts of Clever-1 + cells also tended to have higher amounts of TILs. Conclusion The association of intratumoral Clever-1 + macrophages with better prognosis might stem from the function of Clever as a scavenger receptor that modulates tumor stroma. The association of Clever-1 + macrophages with high number of TILs and better prognosis indicates that immunosuppression by M2 macrophages is not necessarily dampening adaptive immune responses but instead keeping them in control to avoid excess inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Mutka
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, N00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, N00290, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Hollmén M, Maksimow M, Rannikko JH, Karvonen MK, Vainio M, Jalkanen S, Jalkanen M, Mandelin J. Nonclinical Characterization of Bexmarilimab, a Clever-1-Targeting Antibody for Supporting Immune Defense Against Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1207-1218. [PMID: 35500016 PMCID: PMC9377746 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (Clever-1) is a multifunctional type-1 transmembrane protein that plays an important role in immunosuppression against tumors. Clever-1 is highly expressed in a subset of human tumor-associated macrophages and associated with poor survival. In mice, Clever-1 supports tumor growth and metastasis formation, and its deficiency or blockage induces T-cell-dependent killing of cancer cells. Therefore, targeting Clever-1 could lead to T-cell activation and restoration of immune response also in patients with cancer. This is studied in an on-going clinical trial [Macrophage Antibody To INhibit immune Suppression (MATINS); NCT03733990] in patients with advanced solid tumors where bexmarilimab, a humanized IgG4 antibody against human Clever-1, shows promising safety and efficacy. Here, we report the humanization and nonclinical characterization of physicochemical properties, biological potency, and safety profile of bexmarilimab. Bexmarilimab showed high affinity to Clever-1 on KG-1 cells and bound to Clever-1 on the surface of classical and intermediate monocytes derived from healthy human blood. Bexmarilimab inhibited the internalization of its natural ligand acetylated low-density lipoprotein into KG-1 cells and increased TNFα secretion from macrophages but did not impair phagocytic clearance. Bexmarilimab did not induce significant cytokine release in human whole-blood cultures, did not contain nonsafe immunogenic glycans, or show any significant binding to human Fcγ receptors or complement pathway component C1q. In vivo, bexmarilimab showed dose-dependent duration of monocyte Clever-1 receptor occupancy in cynomolgus monkeys but did not induce a cytokine storm up to a dose of 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, these data support the clinical development of bexmarilimab for the restoration of immune response in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Corresponding Author: Maija Hollmén, MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland. Phone: 3585-0514-2893; E-mail:
| | - Mikael Maksimow
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faron Pharmaceuticals, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenna H. Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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20
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Patten DA, Wilkinson AL, O'Keeffe A, Shetty S. Scavenger Receptors: Novel Roles in the Pathogenesis of Liver Inflammation and Cancer. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:61-76. [PMID: 34553345 PMCID: PMC8893982 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor superfamily represents a highly diverse collection of evolutionarily-conserved receptors which are known to play key roles in host homeostasis, the most prominent of which is the clearance of unwanted endogenous macromolecules, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins, from the systemic circulation. Members of this family have also been well characterized in their binding and internalization of a vast range of exogenous antigens and, consequently, are generally considered to be pattern recognition receptors, thus contributing to innate immunity. Several studies have implicated scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. Hepatic resident cellular populations express a diverse complement of scavenger receptors in keeping with the liver's homeostatic functions, but there is gathering interest in the contribution of these receptors to hepatic inflammation and its complications. Here, we review the expression of scavenger receptors in the liver, their functionality in liver homeostasis, and their role in inflammatory liver disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Patten
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex L. Wilkinson
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ayla O'Keeffe
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shishir Shetty
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Lamplugh Z, Fan Y. Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:811485. [PMID: 34987525 PMCID: PMC8720970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Stage I-IV Colorectal Cancer Prognosis Can Be Predicted by Type and Number of Intratumoral Macrophages and CLEVER-1 + Vessel Density. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235988. [PMID: 34885098 PMCID: PMC8656733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages can either promote or prevent cancer growth depending on factors such as macrophage polarization status, tumor type, and disease stage. Macrophages and vessels interact with each other, and the number of lymphatic vessels also affects cancer survival. CLEVER-1 is a protein expressed both on immunosuppressive M2 macrophages and lymphatic vessels. The aim of this study was to validate our previous results regarding the prognostic role of CLEVER-1+ macrophages, CD68+ macrophages, and CLEVER-1+ lymphatic vessels in stage I–IV colorectal cancer. The results indicate that the prognostic role of tumor-associated macrophages and lymphatic vessels changes during disease progression. The findings resemble our earlier results, but are not completely equal, which may be due to the different types of tumor samples used in the two studies (whole section vs. tissue microarray). Abstract Macrophages, which are key players in the tumor microenvironment and affect the prognosis of many cancers, interact with lymphatic vessels in tumor tissue. However, the prognostic role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and lymphatic vessels in human colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. We investigated the prognostic role of CD68+ and CLEVER-1+ (common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor 1) TAMs in addition to CLEVER-1+ lymphatic vessels in 498 stage I–IV CRC patients. The molecular markers were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The results showed that, in early stage I CRC and in young patients (age below median, ≤67.4 years), a high number of CD68+ and CLEVER-1+ TAMs was associated with longer disease-specific survival (DSS). In early stage I CRC, high intratumoral CLEVER-1+ lymphatic vessel density (LVD) predicted a favorable prognosis, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in stage II CRC. The highest density of CLEVER-1+ lymphatic vessels was found in metastatic disease. The combination of intratumoral CLEVER-1+ lymphatic vesselhigh + CD68+ TAMlow was associated with poor DSS in stage I–IV rectal cancer. The present results indicate that the prognostic significance of intratumoral macrophages and CLEVER-1+ lymphatic vessels differs according to disease stage, reflecting the dynamic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment during disease progression.
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23
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Cabral F, Al-Rahem M, Skaggs J, Thomas TA, Kumar N, Wu Q, Fadda P, Yu L, Robinson JM, Kim J, Pandey E, Sun X, Jarjour WN, Rajaram MV, Harris EN, Ganesan LP. Stabilin receptors clear LPS and control systemic inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:103337. [PMID: 34816100 PMCID: PMC8591421 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause lethal endotoxemia if not rapidly cleared from blood circulation. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) systemically clear LPS by unknown mechanisms. We discovered that LPS clearance through LSEC involves endocytosis and lysosomal inactivation via Stabilin-1 and 2 (Stab1 and Stab2) but does not involve TLR4. Cytokine production was inversely related to clearance/endocytosis of LPS by LSEC. When exposed to LPS, Stabilin double knockout mice (Stab DK) and Stab1 KO, but not Stab2 KO, showed significantly enhanced systemic inflammatory cytokine production and early death compared with WT mice. Stab1 KO is not significantly different from Stab DK in circulatory LPS clearance, LPS uptake and endocytosis by LSEC, and cytokine production. These data indicate that (1) Stab1 receptor primarily facilitates the proactive clearance of LPS and limits TLR4-mediated inflammation and (2) TLR4 and Stab1 are functionally opposing LPS receptors. These findings suggest that endotoxemia can be controlled by optimizing LPS clearance by Stab1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cabral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mustafa Al-Rahem
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John Skaggs
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thushara A. Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John M. Robinson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ekta Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Wael N. Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Murugesan V.S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Roulleaux Dugage M, Jones RL, Trent J, Champiat S, Dumont S. Beyond the Driver Mutation: Immunotherapies in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715727. [PMID: 34489967 PMCID: PMC8417712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and have become a concept of oncogenic addiction and targeted therapies.The large majority of these tumors develop after a mutation in KIT or platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. GISTs are highly sensitive to imatinib. GISTs are immune infiltrated tumors with a predominance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T-cells, including many CD8+ T-cells, whose numbers are prognostic. The genomic expression profile is that of an inhibited Th1 response and the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and B cell signatures, which are known as predictive to response to ICI. However, the microtumoral environment has immunosuppressive attributes, with immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) or PD-L1, and loss of major histocompatibility complex type 1. In addition to inhibiting the KIT oncogene, imatinib appears to act by promoting cytotoxic T-cell activity, interacting with natural killer cells, and inhibiting the expression of PD-L1. Paradoxically, imatinib also appears to induce M2 polarization of macrophages. There have been few immunotherapy trials with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-L1drugs and available clinical data are not very promising. Based on this comprehensive analysis of TME, we believe three immunotherapeutic strategies must be underlined in GIST. First, patients included in clinical trials must be better selected, based on the identified driver mutation (such as PDGFRα D842V mutation), the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) or PD-L1 expression. Moreover, innovative immunotherapeutic agents also provide great interest in GIST, and there is a strong rationale for exploring IDO targeting after disease progression during imatinib therapy. Finally and most importantly, there is a strong rationale to combine of c-kit inhibition with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Lewis Jones
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research & Sarcoma Unit of the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Trent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stéphane Champiat
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Dumont
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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25
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Pombinho R, Pinheiro J, Resende M, Meireles D, Jalkanen S, Sousa S, Cabanes D. Stabilin-1 plays a protective role against Listeria monocytogenes infection through the regulation of cytokine and chemokine production and immune cell recruitment. Virulence 2021; 12:2088-2103. [PMID: 34374322 PMCID: PMC8366540 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1958606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors are part of a complex surveillance system expressed by host cells to efficiently orchestrate innate immune response against bacterial infections. Stabilin-1 (STAB-1) is a scavenger receptor involved in cell trafficking, inflammation, and cancer; however, its role in infection remains to be elucidated. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major intracellular human food-borne pathogen causing severe infections in susceptible hosts. Using a mouse model of infection, we demonstrate here that STAB-1 controls Lm-induced cytokine and chemokine production and immune cell accumulation in Lm-infected organs. We show that STAB-1 also regulates the recruitment of myeloid cells in response to Lm infection and contributes to clear circulating bacteria. In addition, whereas STAB-1 appears to promote bacterial uptake by macrophages, infection by pathogenic Listeria induces the down regulation of STAB-1 expression and its delocalization from the host cell membrane. We propose STAB-1 as a new SR involved in the control of Lm infection through the regulation of host defense mechanisms, a process that would be targeted by bacterial virulence factors to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pombinho
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pinheiro
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Resende
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Microbiology and Immunology of Infection, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Meireles
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Virtakoivu R, Rannikko JH, Viitala M, Vaura F, Takeda A, Lönnberg T, Koivunen J, Jaakkola P, Pasanen A, Shetty S, de Jonge MJA, Robbrecht D, Ma YT, Skyttä T, Minchom A, Jalkanen S, Karvonen MK, Mandelin J, Bono P, Hollmén M. Systemic Blockade of Clever-1 Elicits Lymphocyte Activation Alongside Checkpoint Molecule Downregulation in Patients with Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase I/II Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4205-4220. [PMID: 34078651 PMCID: PMC9401456 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrophages are critical in driving an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that counteracts the efficacy of T-cell-targeting therapies. Thus, agents able to reprogram macrophages toward a proinflammatory state hold promise as novel immunotherapies for solid cancers. Inhibition of the macrophage scavenger receptor Clever-1 has shown benefit in inducing CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor responses in mouse models of cancer, which supports the clinical development of Clever-1-targeting antibodies for cancer treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we analyzed the mode of action of a humanized IgG4 anti-Clever-1 antibody, FP-1305 (bexmarilimab), both in vitro and in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic cancer (n = 30) participating in part 1 (dose-finding) of a phase I/II open-label trial (NCT03733990). We studied the Clever-1 interactome in primary human macrophages in antibody pull-down assays and utilized mass cytometry, RNA sequencing, and cytokine profiling to evaluate FP-1305-induced systemic immune activation in patients with cancer. RESULTS Our pull-down assays and functional studies indicated that FP-1305 impaired multiprotein vacuolar ATPase-mediated endosomal acidification and improved the ability of macrophages to activate CD8+ T-cells. In patients with cancer, FP-1305 administration led to suppression of nuclear lipid signaling pathways and a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in blood monocytes. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase and activation of peripheral T-cells with indications of antitumor responses in some patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a nonredundant role played by the receptor Clever-1 in suppressing adaptive immune cells in humans. We provide evidence that targeting macrophage scavenging activity can promote an immune switch, potentially leading to intratumoral proinflammatory responses in patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna H Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miro Viitala
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Felix Vaura
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Panu Jaakkola
- Department of Oncology and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Annika Pasanen
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shishir Shetty
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yuk Ting Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Minchom
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Petri Bono
- Terveystalo Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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27
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Rasmussen RK, Etzerodt A. Therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:185-211. [PMID: 34099108 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are among the most abundant non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment and in many cancers macrophage infiltration into the tumor is associated with poor prognosis. Macrophages contribute to tumor development by promoting angiogenesis and immune suppression, and display remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages that currently are in clinical development are mainly focused on a general depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, either by targeting the CSF-1/CSF-1R axis or by inhibiting macrophage recruitment by blocking CCR2/CCL2 signaling. Despite good pre-clinical response rates the treatment strategies focusing on general macrophage targeting have only shown limited clinical success and new approaches that target specific subsets of tumo-associated macrophages are emerging. This chapter will briefly present the functions and heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages and provide an overview of the current state of clinical development for pan-targeting strategies as well as discuss new strategies for targeting specific macrophage subsets for future anti-tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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28
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A bi-directional dialog between vascular cells and monocytes/macrophages regulates tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:477-500. [PMID: 33783686 PMCID: PMC8213675 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression largely depends on tumor blood vessels as well on immune cell infiltration. In various tumors, vascular cells, namely endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, strongly regulate leukocyte infiltration into tumors and immune cell activation, hence the immune response to cancers. Recently, a lot of compelling studies unraveled the molecular mechanisms by which tumor vascular cells regulate monocyte and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and phenotype, and consequently tumor progression. Reciprocally, TAMs and monocytes strongly modulate tumor blood vessel and tumor lymphatic vessel formation by exerting pro-angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effects, respectively. Finally, the interaction between monocytes/TAMs and vascular cells is also impacting several steps of the spread of cancer cells throughout the body, a process called metastasis. In this review, the impact of the bi-directional dialog between blood vascular cells and monocytes/TAMs in the regulation of tumor progression is discussed. All together, these data led to the design of combinations of anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy targeting TAMs/monocyte whose effects are briefly discussed in the last part of this review.
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29
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Tadayon S, Dunkel J, Takeda A, Eichin D, Virtakoivu R, Elima K, Jalkanen S, Hollmén M. Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Activation and Dendritic Cell Transmigration Is Modified by Genetic Deletion of Clever-1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602122. [PMID: 33746947 PMCID: PMC7970002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.602122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clever-1 also known as Stabilin-1 and FEEL-1 is a scavenger molecule expressed on a subpopulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). However, its role in regulating dendritic cell (DC) trafficking and subsequent effects on immunity have remained unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that DC trafficking from the skin into the draining lymph nodes is compromised in the absence of Clever-1. By adoptive transfer approaches we further show that the poor trafficking is due to the impaired entrance of DCs into afferent lymphatics. Despite this, injections of ovalbumin-loaded DCs into the footpads induced a stronger proliferative response of OT II T cells in the draining lymph nodes. This could be explained by the increased MHC II expression on DCs and a less tolerogenic phenotype of LECs in lymph nodes of Clever-1 knockout mice. Thus, although fewer DCs reach the nodes, they are more active in creating antigen-specific immune responses. This suggests that the DCs migrating to the draining lymph node within Clever-1 positive lymphatics experience immunosuppressive interactions with LECs. In conclusion, besides being a trafficking molecule on lymphatic vasculature Clever-1 is immunosuppressive towards migrating DCs and thus, regulates the magnitude of immune responses created by incoming DCs in the draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Tadayon
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johannes Dunkel
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dominik Eichin
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Kati Elima
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Duru G, van Egmond M, Heemskerk N. A Window of Opportunity: Targeting Cancer Endothelium to Enhance Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584723. [PMID: 33262763 PMCID: PMC7686513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular abnormalities in tumors have a major impact on the immune microenvironment in tumors. The consequences of abnormal vasculature include increased hypoxia, acidosis, high intra-tumoral fluid pressure, and angiogenesis. This introduces an immunosuppressive microenvironment that alters immune cell maturation, activation, and trafficking, which supports tumor immune evasion and dissemination of tumor cells. Increasing data suggests that cancer endothelium is a major barrier for traveling leukocytes, ranging from a partial blockade resulting in a selective endothelial barrier, to a complete immune infiltration blockade associated with immune exclusion and immune desert cancer phenotypes. Failed immune cell trafficking as well as immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment limits the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. As such, targeting proteins with key roles in angiogenesis may potentially reduce immunosuppression and might restore infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells, creating a therapeutic window for successful immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as more controversial endothelial pathways that govern selective immune cell trafficking across cancer endothelium. Additionally, we discuss recent insights and strategies that target tumor vasculature in order to increase infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells during the therapeutic window of vascular normalization hereby improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Duru
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niels Heemskerk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Wilkinson AL, Qurashi M, Shetty S. The Role of Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in the Axis of Inflammation and Cancer Within the Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32982772 PMCID: PMC7485256 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) form a unique barrier between the liver sinusoids and the underlying parenchyma, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis, as well as actively contributing to disease pathophysiology. Whilst their endocytic and scavenging function is integral for nutrient exchange and clearance of waste products, their capillarisation and dysfunction precedes fibrogenesis. Furthermore, their ability to promote immune tolerance and recruit distinct immunosuppressive leukocyte subsets can allow persistence of chronic viral infections and facilitate tumour development. In this review, we present the immunological and barrier functions of LSEC, along with their role in orchestrating fibrotic processes which precede tumourigenesis. We also summarise the role of LSEC in modulating the tumour microenvironment, and promoting development of a pre-metastatic niche, which can drive formation of secondary liver tumours. Finally, we summarise closely inter-linked disease pathways which collectively perpetuate pathogenesis, highlighting LSEC as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shetty
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Nagl L, Horvath L, Pircher A, Wolf D. Tumor Endothelial Cells (TECs) as Potential Immune Directors of the Tumor Microenvironment - New Findings and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:766. [PMID: 32974337 PMCID: PMC7466447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer development and progression. It represents a complex network of cancer cell (sub-)clones and a variety of stromal cell types. Recently, new technology platforms shed light on the cellular composition of the TME at very high resolution and identified a complex landscape of multi-lineage immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and dendritic cells), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor endothelial cells (TECs). A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolically, genetically and on their transcriptomic profile TECs exhibit unique phenotypic and functional characteristics when compared to normal endothelial cells (NECs). Furthermore, the functional role of TECs is multifaceted as they are not only relevant for promoting tumor angiogenesis but have also evolved as key mediators of immune regulation in the TME. Regulatory mechanisms are complex and profoundly impact peripheral immune cell trafficking into the tumor compartment by acting as major gatekeepers of cellular transmigration. Moreover, TECs are associated with T cell priming, activation and proliferation by acting as antigen-presenting cells themselves. TECs are also essential for the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor, which have recently been associated with treatment response to checkpoint antibody therapy. Further essential characteristics of TECs compared to NECs are their high proliferative potential as well as greatly altered gene expression profile (e.g., upregulation of pro-angiogenic, extracellular matrix remodeling, and stemness genes), which results in enhanced secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines and altered cell-surface receptors [e.g., major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and immune checkpoints]. The TEC phenotype may be rooted in an aggressive tumor micro-milieu based on cellular stress via hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Vice versa TECs might modulate TME immunogenicity thereby fostering cancer-associated immune suppression. This review aims to elucidate the currently emergent pathophysiological aspects of TECs with a particular focus on their potential role as regulators of immune cell function in the TME. It is a main future challenge to deeply characterize the phenotypic and functional profile of TECs to illuminate their complex role within the TME. The ultimate goal is the identification of TEC-specific drug targets to improve cancer (immuno-)therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Nagl
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immunoncology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
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Chang W, Fa H, Xiao D, Wang J. Targeting phosphatidylserine for Cancer therapy: prospects and challenges. Theranostics 2020; 10:9214-9229. [PMID: 32802188 PMCID: PMC7415799 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite major improvements in current therapeutic methods, ideal therapeutic strategies for improved tumor elimination are still lacking. Recently, immunotherapy has attracted much attention, and many immune-active agents have been approved for clinical use alone or in combination with other cancer drugs. However, some patients have a poor response to these agents. New agents and strategies are needed to overcome such deficiencies. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential component of bilayer cell membranes and is normally present in the inner leaflet. In the physiological state, PS exposure on the external leaflet not only acts as an engulfment signal for phagocytosis in apoptotic cells but also participates in blood coagulation, myoblast fusion and immune regulation in nonapoptotic cells. In the tumor microenvironment, PS exposure is significantly increased on the surface of tumor cells or tumor cell-derived microvesicles, which have innate immunosuppressive properties and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. To date, agents targeting PS have been developed, some of which are under investigation in clinical trials as combination drugs for various cancers. However, controversial results are emerging in laboratory research as well as in clinical trials, and the efficiency of PS-targeting agents remains uncertain. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of PS, with a focus on immune suppressive features. In addition, we discuss current drug developments that are based on PS-targeting strategies in both experimental and clinical studies. We hope to provide a future research direction for the development of new agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongge Fa
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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New tools to prevent cancer growth and spread: a 'Clever' approach. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:501-509. [PMID: 32595212 PMCID: PMC7434904 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clever-1 (also known as Stabilin-1 and FEEL-1) is a scavenger receptor expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and immunosuppressive monocytes and macrophages. Its role in cancer growth and spread first became evident in Stab1–/– knockout mice, which have smaller primary tumours and metastases. Subsequent studies in mice and humans have shown that immunotherapeutic blockade of Clever-1 can activate T-cell responses, and that this response is mainly mediated by a phenotypic change in macrophages and monocytes from immunosuppressive to pro-inflammatory following Clever-1 inhibition. Analyses of human cancer cohorts have revealed marked associations between the number of Clever-1-positive macrophages and patient outcome. As hardly any reports to date have addressed the role of Clever-1 in immunotherapy resistance and T-cell dysfunction, we performed data mining using several published cancer cohorts, and observed a remarkable correlation between Clever-1 positivity and resistance to immune checkpoint therapies. This result provides impetus and potential for the ongoing clinical trial targeting Clever-1 in solid tumours, which has so far shown a shift towards immune activation when a particular epitope of Clever-1 is blocked.
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Yin SP, Gao Y, Xie XS, Xu DD, Riabov V, Du WD. Accumulation of stabilin-1 positive macrophages in the early stage of gastric cancer is associated with short cumulative survival. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2404-2412. [PMID: 32194740 PMCID: PMC7039161 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor stabilin-1 has been reported to be expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models of breast carcinoma and melanoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, its expression and association with prognosis in human gastric cancer has not been evaluated. The present study investigated the expression of stabilin-1 and its association with clinicopathological parameters in patients with gastric cancer. The expression of stabilin-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer tissue samples of 371 Chinese patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine the cellular source of stabilin-1 in the gastric cancer tissues using anti-CD68, anti-CD163, anti-stabilin-1 and anti-secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine antibodies. A higher number of stabilin-1-positive cells were observed in the cancer tissues of primary gastric adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues of primary gastric adenocarcinoma (P<0.001); the majority of stabilin-1-positve cells were CD68+/CD163+ macrophages. Poorly-differentiated gastric cancer tissue had fewer stabilin-1-positive cells compared with medium- and well-differentiated gastric cancer (P=0.030). A higher number of stabilin-1-positive cells were found in the early Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage (TNM I stage) of primary gastric adenocarcinoma (P=0.038) compared with TNM stage IV. For patients with TNM stage I disease, a higher number of stabilin-1-positive TAMs was associated with shorter cumulative survival (P<0.05). Overall, stabilin-1 was found to be expressed by CD68+ TAMs in human gastric cancer. The high expression of stabilin-1 in TNM stage I disease was associated with poor patient survival, indicating the clinical significance of stabilin-1 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Ping Yin
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Shi Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Li S, Zhang Q, Hong Y. Tumor Vessel Normalization: A Window to Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820980116. [PMID: 33287656 PMCID: PMC7727091 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hostile microenvironment produced by abnormal blood vessels, which is characterized by hypoxia, low pH value and increasing interstitial fluid pressure, would facilitate tumor progression, metastasis, immunosuppression and anticancer treatments resistance. These abnormalities are the result of the imbalance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors (such as VEGF and angiopoietin 2, ANG2). Prudent use of anti-angiogenesis drugs would normalize these aberrant tumor vessels, resulting in a transient window of vessel normalization. In addition, use of cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint blockers when vessel normalization is achieved brings better outcomes. In this review, we sum up the advances in the field of understanding and application of the concept of tumor vessels normalization window to treat cancer. Moreover, we also outline some challenges and opportunities ahead to optimize the combination of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy, leading to improve patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Department of gynecologic oncology, Women’s hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Hong
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Progenitors in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1234:87-105. [PMID: 32040857 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor lymphatics play a key role in cancer progression as they are solely responsible for transporting malignant cells to regional lymph nodes (LNs), a process that precedes and promotes systemic lethal spread. It is broadly accepted that tumor lymphatic sprouting is induced mainly by soluble factors derived from tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and malignant cells. However, emerging evidence strongly suggests that a subset of TAMs, myeloid-lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP), also contribute to the expansion of lymphatics through both secretion of paracrine factors and a self-autonomous mode. M-LECP are derived from bone marrow (BM) precursors of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and characterized by unique co-expression of markers identifying lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), stem cells, M2-type macrophages, and myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells. This review describes current evidence for the origin of M-LECP in the bone marrow, their recruitment tumors and intratumoral trafficking, similarities to other TAM subsets, and mechanisms promoting tumor lymphatics. We also describe M-LECP integration into preexisting lymphatic vessels and discuss potential mechanisms and significance of this event. We conclude that improved mechanistic understanding of M-LECP functions within the tumor environment may lead to new therapeutic approaches to suppress tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis to lymph nodes.
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Living on the Edge: Efferocytosis at the Interface of Homeostasis and Pathology. Immunity 2019; 50:1149-1162. [PMID: 31117011 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nearly every tissue in the body undergoes routine turnover of cells as part of normal healthy living. The majority of these cells undergoing turnover die via apoptosis, and then are rapidly removed by phagocytes by the process of efferocytosis that is anti-inflammatory. However, a number of pathologies have recently been linked to defective clearance of apoptotic cells. Perturbed clearance arises for many reasons, including overwhelming of the clearance machinery, disruptions at different stages of efferocytosis, and responses of phagocytes during efferocytosis, all of which can alter the homeostatic tissue environment. This review covers linkages of molecules involved in the different phases of efferocytosis to disease pathologies that can arise due to their loss or altered function.
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Lin SY, Hu FF, Miao YR, Hu H, Lei Q, Zhang Q, Li Q, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo AY. Identification of STAB1 in Multiple Datasets as a Prognostic Factor for Cytogenetically Normal AML: Mechanism and Drug Indications. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:476-484. [PMID: 31670197 PMCID: PMC6831857 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) presents with diverse outcomes in different patients and is categorized as an intermediate prognosis group. It is important to identify prognostic factors for CN-AML risk stratification. In this study, using the TCGA CN-AML dataset, we found that the scavenger receptor stabilin-1 (STAB1) is a prognostic factor for poor outcomes and validated it in three other independent CN-AML datasets. The high STAB1 expression (STAB1high) group had shorter event-free survival compared with the low STAB1 expression (STAB1low) group in both the TCGA dataset (n = 79; p = 0.0478) and GEO: GSE6891 dataset (n = 187; p = 0.0354). Differential expression analysis between the STAB1high and STAB1low groups revealed that upregulated genes in the STAB1high group were enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion and migration and immune responses. We confirmed that STAB1 suppression inhibits cell growth in KG1a and NB4 leukemia cells. Expression correlation analyses between STAB1 and cancer drug targets suggested that patients in the STAB1low group are more sensitive to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, and we confirmed it in cell lines. In conclusion, we identified STAB1 as a prognostic factor for CN-AML in multiple datasets, explored its underlying mechanism, and provided potential therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yan Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fei-Fei Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ya-Ru Miao
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiubai Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Patten DA, Shetty S. The Role of Stabilin-1 in Lymphocyte Trafficking and Macrophage Scavenging in the Liver Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070283. [PMID: 31315308 PMCID: PMC6681381 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are a major global health burden, and cases of these conditions continue to rise in many countries. A diverse range of insults can lead to chronic liver disease, but they are all characterised by the infiltration and accumulation of immune cells within liver tissue and, if progressive, can lead to tissue fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we focus on the role of stabilin-1 in two key processes that contribute to liver disease, namely, the recruitment of lymphocytes into liver tissue and the response of macrophages to tissue injury. Stabilin-1 is constitutively expressed on the sinusoidal endothelium of the liver and contributes to the homeostatic scavenging function of these cells. Epithelial damage in the context of chronic liver disease leads to the upregulation of stabilin-1 at sites of tissue injury, specifically at sites of immune cell recruitment and on subpopulations of hepatic macrophages. Functionally, stabilin-1 has been shown to mediate transendothelial migration of lymphocyte subsets in the setting of pro-inflammatory-activated human liver endothelium. In experimental models of liver fibrosis, stabilin-1 promotes the uptake of products of chronic oxidative stress by a subset of hepatic macrophages and suppresses their release of pro-inflammatory mediators that regulate tissue remodelling. These studies highlight the active contribution that scavenger receptors such as stabilin-1 can make in regulating chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Patten
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shishir Shetty
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Microlocalization and clinical significance of stabilin-1 + macrophages in treatment-naïve patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. World J Urol 2019; 38:709-716. [PMID: 31302753 PMCID: PMC7064462 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emerging evidence has shown that macrophages (Mφs) at different tumor sites have diverse clinical attributes. Stabilin-1 is a multi-functional scavenger marker for specialized tumor-associated Mφs. This study investigates the relationship between the density and microlocalization of stabilin-1+ Mφs within tumors and the clinical outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Methods In this retrospective study, 283 UCB patients who received radical cystectomy or transurethral resection were examined. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were used to colocalize the expression of stabilin-1 with other markers for Mφs (CD14, CD68, CD163, and CD206). Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results In UCB tissues, stabilin-1 was primarily expressed on Mφs, as evident from triple immunofluorescence staining for stabilin-1 and Mφ markers. Stabilin-1+ Mφs were often more prominent in stromal regions rather than intratumoral regions in UCB tissues (P < 0.0001). After dichotomization at the median cell density for stabilin-1+ Mφs, only intratumoral stabilin-1+ Mφ density was a predictor of poor OS (P < 0.001) and RFS (P = 0.026). Moreover, intratumoral stabilin-1+ Mφ density was positively associated with tumor stage (P < 0.01) and histological grade (P < 0.01), and emerged as an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 2.371; P < 0.0001), but not for RFS (HR 1.491; P = 0.061). Conclusions Our findings indicate that intratumoral stabilin-1+ Mφs could potentially be used as a pro-tumoral prognostic marker for UCB patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00345-019-02853-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rebenkova MS, Gombozhapova AE, Rogovskaya YV, Ryabov VV, Kzhyshkowska YG, Kim BE, Prohorova YA. [Dynamics of brain CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophage infiltration in patients with myocardial infarction]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:44-50. [PMID: 31131759 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Te aim of the study was to evaluate the temporal dynamics of brain CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophage infltration in patients with fatal myocardial infarction (MI) type 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Te study included 31 patients with fatal MI type I. Te control group comprised 10 patients of 18-40 age group who died from injuries incompatible with life. Patients with MI were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised patients who died during the frst 72 hours of MI, group 2 comprised patients who died on days 4‒28. Macrophage infltration in the brain was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. We used CD68 as a marker for the cells of the macrophage lineage and stabilin-1 as an M2-like macrophage biomarker. RESULTS In group 1 the number of brain CD68+ macrophages was signifcantly higher than in the control group. In group 2 the intensity of brain CD68+ cells infltration was lower than in group 1 and higher than in the control group. Tere was a small amount of stabilin-1+ macrophages in the brain of healthy people, as well as of patients who died from MI. Tere were no signifcant differences in the number of stabilin-1+ cells between group 1 and group 2. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of positive correlation between the number of CD68 + macrophages in the infarct, peri-infarct, and non-infarct areas of the myocardium and the number of CD68+ macrophages in the brain in patients with MI. Tere were not correlations between the number of CD68 + and stabilin-1+ cells and the presence of diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, history of MI, and pre-infarction angina. CONCLUSION Te number of brain CD68+ macrophages signifcantly increased during the frst three days of MI. Te number of brain stabilin-1+ macrophages did not increase and did not differ from the control values. We observed a positive correlation between the number of CD68+ macrophages in the brain and myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rebenkova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science; National Research Tomsk State University
| | - A E Gombozhapova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science; National Research Tomsk State University
| | - Yu V Rogovskaya
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science; National Research Tomsk State University
| | - V V Ryabov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science; National Research Tomsk State University; Siberian State Medical University
| | | | - B E Kim
- National Research Tomsk State University
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Janker L, Mayer RL, Bileck A, Kreutz D, Mader JC, Utpatel K, Heudobler D, Agis H, Gerner C, Slany A. Metabolic, Anti-apoptotic and Immune Evasion Strategies of Primary Human Myeloma Cells Indicate Adaptations to Hypoxia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:936-953. [PMID: 30792264 PMCID: PMC6495257 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy primarily localized within the bone marrow (BM). It develops from a premalignant stage, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), often via an intermediate stage, smoldering MM (SMM). The mechanisms of MM progression have not yet been fully understood, all the more because patients with MGUS and SMM already carry similar initial mutations as found in MM cells. Over the last years, increased importance has been attributed to the tumor microenvironment and its role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Adaptations of MM cells to hypoxic conditions in the BM have been shown to contribute significantly to MM progression, independently from the genetic predispositions of the tumor cells. Searching for consequences of hypoxia-induced adaptations in primary human MM cells, CD138-positive plasma cells freshly isolated from BM of patients with different disease stages, comprising MGUS, SMM, and MM, were analyzed by proteome profiling, which resulted in the identification of 6218 proteins. Results have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010600. Data previously obtained from normal primary B cells were included for comparative purposes. A principle component analysis revealed three clusters, differentiating B cells as well as MM cells corresponding to less and more advanced disease stages. Comparing these three clusters pointed to the alteration of pathways indicating adaptations to hypoxic stress in MM cells on disease progression. Protein regulations indicating immune evasion strategies of MM cells were determined, supported by immunohistochemical staining, as well as transcription factors involved in MM development and progression. Protein regulatory networks related to metabolic adaptations of the cells became apparent. Results were strengthened by targeted analyses of a selected panel of metabolites in MM cells and MM-associated fibroblasts. Based on our data, new opportunities may arise for developing therapeutic strategies targeting myeloma disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna C Mader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Department of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermine Agis
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;.
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Tadayon S, Dunkel J, Takeda A, Halle O, Karikoski M, Gerke H, Rantakari P, Virtakoivu R, Pabst O, Salmi M, Hollmén M, Jalkanen S. Clever-1 contributes to lymphocyte entry into the spleen via the red pulp. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:4/33/eaat0297. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes recirculate continuously between the blood and lymphoid organs, a process that is of fundamental importance for proper functioning of the immune system. The molecular mechanisms underlying lymphocyte trafficking to the spleen remain an enigma. Here, we show that lymphocytes enter the spleen preferentially from vessels in the red pulp rather than the marginal sinus or the vasculature in the white pulp. Ex vivo adhesion assays in mice and humans, together with genetic ablation of Clever-1 in mice, indicate that CD8+T cell and B220+B cell homing to the spleen via the red pulp is Clever-1 dependent. Moreover, absence of Clever-1 leads to down-regulation of the B cell attractant chemokine, CXCL13, on spleen endothelium. CXCL13 is known to guide B cell trafficking to lymphoid organs, and its lack may contribute to the observed decrease in B cell trafficking into the spleen as well. In summary, this study identifies Clever-1 as an important molecule controlling lymphocyte entry into the spleen, along with a critical role for the splenic red pulp in this regulated trafficking. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that location-specific homing-associated molecules guide lymphocyte entry into the spleen.
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Viitala M, Virtakoivu R, Tadayon S, Rannikko J, Jalkanen S, Hollmén M. Immunotherapeutic Blockade of Macrophage Clever-1 Reactivates the CD8 + T-cell Response against Immunosuppressive Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3289-3303. [PMID: 30755440 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As foremost regulators of cancer-related inflammation and immunotherapeutic resistance, tumor-associated macrophages have garnered major interest as immunotherapeutic drug targets. However, depletory strategies have yielded little benefit in clinical studies to date. An alternative approach is to exploit macrophage plasticity and "reeducate" tumorigenic macrophages toward an immunostimulatory phenotype to activate the host's antitumor immunity.Experimental Design: We investigated the role of the macrophage scavenger receptor common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (Clever-1) on tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models with inflammatory and noninflammatory characteristics by using conditional knockouts, bone marrow chimeras, and cell depletion experiments. In addition, the efficacy of immunotherapeutic Clever-1 blockade as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-1 was tested. RESULTS Genetic deficiency of macrophage Clever-1 markedly impaired solid tumor growth. This effect was mediated by macrophages that became immunostimulatory in the absence of Clever-1, skewing the suppressive tumor microenvironment toward inflammation and activating endogenous antitumor CD8+ T cells. Comparable effects were achieved with immunotherapeutic blockade of Clever-1. Notably, these effects were similar to those achieved by PD-1 checkpoint inhibition. Moreover, combining anti-Clever-1 with anti-PD-1 provided synergistic benefit in aggressive, nonresponsive tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the importance of macrophages in mediating antitumor immune responses and support the clinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic Clever-1 blockade as a novel cancer treatment strategy.See related commentary by Mantovani and Bonecchi, p. 3202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Viitala
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta Virtakoivu
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sina Tadayon
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenna Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Kwon M, Yeo SC, Lee JS, Park JJ. Not CD68 but stabilin-1 expression is associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2019; 41:2058-2064. [PMID: 30652402 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study's aim was to identify CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions and their prognostic implications in patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC). METHODS Stabilin-1 and CD68 immunochemical staining was conducted in samples from patients with OCC who underwent curative surgery in our institute. We retrospectively analyzed patients' clinical information. We investigated the relationship between CD68 and stabilin-1 expression levels and their effect on prognostic factors and survival. RESULTS Fifty-four patients' data were analyzed. CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions were positively correlated (P = .008). CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions were not correlated with other prognostic factors (eg, T classification or lymph node metastasis). Stabilin-1 expression and tumor recurrence risk were positively correlated (P = .015). CD68 expression was neither associated with recurrence-free nor OCC-specific survival. CONCLUSION CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions in OCC were positively correlated. Stabilin-1 expression was significantly associated with OCC recurrence risk, but the prognostic value of CD68 was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Chul Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sil Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Je Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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48
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Patten DA, Shetty S. More Than Just a Removal Service: Scavenger Receptors in Leukocyte Trafficking. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2904. [PMID: 30631321 PMCID: PMC6315190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors are a highly diverse superfamily of proteins which are grouped by their inherent ability to bind and internalize a wide array of structurally diverse ligands which can be either endogenous or exogenous in nature. Consequently, scavenger receptors are known to play important roles in host homeostasis, with common endogenous ligands including apoptotic cells, and modified low density lipoproteins (LDLs); additionally, scavenger receptors are key regulators of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Also, as a consequence of their affinity for a wide range of microbial products, their role in innate immunity is also being increasingly studied. However, in this review, a secondary function of a number of endothelial-expressed scavenger receptors is discussed. There is increasing evidence that some endothelial-expressed scavenger receptors are able to directly bind leukocyte-expressed ligands and subsequently act as adhesion molecules in the trafficking of leukocytes in lymphatic and vascular tissues. Here, we cover the current literature on this alternative role for endothelial-expressed scavenger receptors and also speculate on their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Patten
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shishir Shetty
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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49
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Dunkel J, Viitala M, Karikoski M, Rantakari P, Virtakoivu R, Elima K, Hollmén M, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Enhanced Antibody Production in Clever-1/Stabilin-1-Deficient Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2257. [PMID: 30349531 PMCID: PMC6187969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clever-1, encoded by the Stab1 gene, is a scavenger and leukocyte trafficking receptor expressed by subsets of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells and immunosuppressive macrophages. Monocyte Clever-1 also modulates T cell activation. However, nothing is known about the possible links between B cell function and Clever-1. Here, we found that Stab1 knockout mice (Stab1−/−) lacking the Clever-1 protein from all cells present with abnormally high antibody levels under resting conditions and show enhanced humoral immune responses after immunization with protein and carbohydrate antigens. Removal of the spleen does not abolish the augmented basal and post-immunization antibody levels in Clever-1–deficient mice. The increased IgG production is also present in mice in which Clever-1 is selectively ablated from macrophages. When compared to wildtype macrophages, Clever-1–deficient macrophages show increased TNF-α synthesis. In co-culture experiments, monocytes/macrophages deficient of Clever-1 support higher IgM production by B cells, which is blocked by TNF-α depletion. Collectively, our data show that the excessive inflammatory activity of monocytes/macrophages in the absence of Clever-1 results in augmented humoral immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dunkel
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miro Viitala
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Karikoski
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta Virtakoivu
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Elima
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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De Sanctis F, Ugel S, Facciponte J, Facciabene A. The dark side of tumor-associated endothelial cells. Semin Immunol 2018; 35:35-47. [PMID: 29490888 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and a requisite that tumors must achieve to fulfill their metabolic needs of nutrients and oxygen. As a critical step in cancer progression, the 'angiogenic switch' allows tumor cells to survive and grow, and provides them access to vasculature resulting in metastatic progression and dissemination. Tumor-dependent triggering of the angiogenic switch has critical consequences on tumor progression which extends from an increased nutrient supply and relies instead on the ability of the tumor to hijack the host immune response for the generation of a local immunoprivileged microenvironment. Tumor angiogenic-mediated establishment of endothelial anergy is responsible for this process. However, tumor endothelium can also promote immune tolerance by unbalanced expression of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and by releasing soluble factors that restrain T cell function and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of the tumor endothelial barrier and endothelial anergy and discuss the main immunosuppressive mechanisms triggered by the tumor endothelium. Lastly, we describe the current anti-angiogenic therapeutic landscape and how targeting tumor angiogenesis can contribute to improve clinical benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sanctis
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - John Facciponte
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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