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Wakefield CB, Mertens F, Fletcher CDM, Anderson WJ. Clinicopathologic and molecular study of superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumours mimicking atypical fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma). Histopathology 2024. [PMID: 39044682 DOI: 10.1111/his.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumour (SCD34FT) is an uncommon but distinctive low-grade neoplasm of the skin and subcutis that shows frequent CADM3 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, prompted by an index case resembling 'atypical fibrous histiocytoma (FH)' that was positive for CADM3 IHC, we systematically examined a cohort of tumours previously diagnosed as 'atypical FH' by applying CADM3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for PRDM10 rearrangement, to investigate the overlap between these tumour types. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty cases of atypical FH were retrieved, including CD34-positive tumours (n = 20) and CD34-negative tumours (n = 20). All tumours were stained for CADM3. All CADM3-positive tumours were evaluated by FISH to assess for PRDM10 rearrangement. Eleven CD34-positive tumours (11/20, 55%) coexpressed CADM3 and were reclassified as SCD34FT. None (0/20) of the CD34-negative atypical FH were CADM3-positive. Reclassified SCD34FT (10/11) arose on the lower extremity, with frequent involvement of the thigh (n = 8). Features suggestive of atypical FH were observed in many reclassified cases including variable cellularity, spindled morphology, infiltrative tumour margins, collagen entrapment, epidermal hyperpigmentation, and acanthosis. Variably prominent multinucleate giant cells, including Touton-like forms, were also present. An informative FISH result was obtained in 10/11 reclassified tumours, with 60% (6/10) demonstrating PRDM10 rearrangement. CONCLUSION A significant subset of tumours that histologically resemble atypical FH, and are positive for CD34, coexpress CADM3 and harbour PRDM10 rearrangement, supporting their reclassification as SCD34FT. Awareness of this morphologic overlap and the application of CADM3 IHC can aid the distinction between SCD34FT and atypical FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Wakefield
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher D M Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William J Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Sun J, Huang S, Yang X. Superficial CD34 + fibroblastic tumor with focal atypical presentation: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:335. [PMID: 38827569 PMCID: PMC11140230 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Superficial CD34+ fibroblastic tumors (SCPFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors with distinct morphological features. Although several cases of SCPFT have been reported, a comprehensive understanding of its clinical and biological features necessitates the inclusion of additional cases. The current study presents a case of SCPFT, where morphological observations, immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse CD34 expression and integrase interactor 1 expression, whilst FISH indicated rearrangement of the PR/SET domain 10 gene. Microscopic assessment demonstrated typical SCPFT pathology, with a focal nodular region showing a high Ki-67 index, suggesting heterogeneity and the potential for local recurrence. The present study also briefly reviews the differential diagnosis of tumors with morphological similarities. It was found that the precise diagnosis of SCPFT relies on the distinctive pathological features, the use of immunohistochemical markers, including CD34 staining, and the differentiation from similar histological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan First People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Shengliang Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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3
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Balovic G, Stojanovic BS, Radovanovic D, Lazic D, Ilic M, Jovanovic I, Svilar D, Stankovic V, Sibalija Balovic J, Markovic BS, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Jovanovic D, Stojanovic B. A Detailed Examination of Retroperitoneal Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Existing Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3684. [PMID: 38999251 PMCID: PMC11242107 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This detailed review focuses on retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), a particularly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and complex presentation. By documenting a new case of retroperitoneal UPS and conducting a comprehensive review of all known cases, this article aims to expand the existing body of knowledge on the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment strategies associated with this rare disease. The complexity of diagnosing UPS is emphasized given that it rarely occurs in the retroperitoneal space and its histological and molecular complexity often complicates its recognition. This review highlights the need for specialized diagnostic approaches, including advanced imaging techniques and histopathological studies, to accurately diagnose and stage the disease. In terms of treatment, this paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and tailors it to individual patients to optimize treatment outcomes. This review highlights case studies that illustrate the effectiveness of surgical intervention in the treatment of these tumors and emphasize the importance of achieving clear surgical margins to prevent recurrence. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential of new molecular targets and the need for innovative therapies that could bring new hope to patients affected by this challenging sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Balovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana S Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragce Radovanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Lazic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Svilar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stankovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Jovanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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4
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Qijun C, Wei W, Cheng W, Dongni L. Clinicopathological features and molecular genetic changes in 17 cases of uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor. Hum Pathol 2024; 143:33-41. [PMID: 38000680 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that was recently reported to exhibit recurrent NCOA1-3rearrangement with the most frequent partners ESR1 and GREB1. In this study, the clinicopathological characteristics of 17 UTROSCT cases were summarized; among them, the fusion genes of 12 cases were retrospectively analyzed by targeted RNA sequencing. The mean age of our cohort was 47 years (19-67 y). Although the majority of UTROSCTs had clear boundaries on gross examination, microscopic infiltration into the myometrium was observed in 82.4 % of cases. The tumor cells showed diffuse, trabecular, nested, reticular, pseudopapillary, hollow and solid tubular patterns, expressing sex cord, epithelial, and myogenic markers. Six fusion genes, including ESR1::NCOA3 (n = 4), ESR1::NCOA2 (n = 2), ESR1::CITED2 (n = 2), GREB1::NCOA2 (n = 2), GREB1::NCOA1 (n = 1), and GREB1::NCOA3 (n = 1), were identified. The fusion genes of the three cases with recurrence and metastasis were GREB1::NCOA2, ESR1::NCOA3, and ESR1::CITED2. All 3 cases of recurrent tumors showed infiltrative growth, with moderate to severe dysplasia of tumor cells and different degrees of rhabdomyoid differentiation. This is the first report of the ESR1::CITED2 fusion genes in UTROSCT, and one of the two patients had recurrence and metastasis. Compared with UTROSCT withESR1 rearrangement, UTROSCT with GREB1 rearrangement was more common in elderly patientsand was more likely to present with intramural masses, less sex cord differentiation, poor prognosis, and relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qijun
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University / Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University / Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University / Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Liang Dongni
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University / Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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5
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Towery EA, Papke DJ. Emerging mesenchymal tumour types and biases in the era of ubiquitous sequencing. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:802-812. [PMID: 37550012 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
New tumour types are being described at increasing frequency, and most new tumour types are now identified via retrospective review of next-generation sequencing data. This contrasts with the traditional, morphology-based method of identifying new tumour types, and while the sequencing-based approach has accelerated progress in the field, it has also introduced novel and under-recognised biases. Here, we discuss tumour types identified based on morphology, including superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumour, pseudoendocrine sarcoma and cutaneous clear cell tumour with melanocytic differentiation and ACTIN::MITF fusion. We also describe tumour types identified primarily by next-generation sequencing, including epithelioid and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, round cell neoplasms with EWSR1::PATZ1 fusion, cutaneous melanocytic tumour with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion, clear cell tumour with melanocytic differentiation and MITF::CREM fusion and GLI1-altered mesenchymal neoplasms, including nested glomoid neoplasm.
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6
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Hirose T, Ikegami M, Kojima S, Yoshida A, Endo M, Shimada E, Kanahori M, Oyama R, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima Y, Kawai A, Mano H, Kohsaka S. Extensive analysis of 59 sarcoma-related fusion genes identified pazopanib as a potential inhibitor to COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4089-4100. [PMID: 37592448 PMCID: PMC10551592 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors that are extremely rare and divergent. Fusion genes are involved in approximately 30% of sarcomas as driver oncogenes; however, their detailed functions are not fully understood. In this study, we determined the functional significance of 59 sarcoma-related fusion genes. The transforming potential and drug sensitivities of these fusion genes were evaluated using a focus formation assay (FFA) and the mixed-all-nominated-in-one (MANO) method, respectively. The transcriptome was also examined using RNA sequencing of 3T3 cells transduced with each fusion gene. Approximately half (28/59, 47%) of the fusion genes exhibited transformation in the FFA assay, which was classified into five types based on the resulting phenotype. The sensitivity to 12 drugs including multityrosine kinase inhibitors was assessed using the MANO method and pazopanib was found to be more effective against cells expressing the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene compared with the others. The downstream MAPK/AKT pathway was suppressed at the protein level following pazopanib treatment. The fusion genes were classified into four subgroups by cluster analysis of the gene expression data and gene set enrichment analysis. In summary, the oncogenicity and drug sensitivity of 59 fusion genes were simultaneously evaluated using a high-throughput strategy. Pazopanib was selected as a candidate drug for sarcomas harboring the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene. This assessment could be useful as a screening platform and provides a database to evaluate customized therapy for fusion gene-associated sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirose
- Division of Cellular SignalingNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masachika Ikegami
- Division of Cellular SignalingNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Shinya Kojima
- Division of Cellular SignalingNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eijiro Shimada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masaya Kanahori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Ryunosuke Oyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular SignalingNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Division of Cellular SignalingNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
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7
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Shaker N, Abu Shakra R, Sangueza OP. Superficial CD34-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor: A Newly Recognized Entity With Overlapping Features of PRDM10-Rearranged Soft Tissue Tumors. Cureus 2023; 15:e47831. [PMID: 38021590 PMCID: PMC10676761 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently identified, infrequent, low-grade mesenchymal neoplasm, first identified in 2014. Although it is relatively new to the field, SCPFT has been gaining prominence in surgical pathology practice because of its distinctive features. As of now, there are limited reported cases of SCPFT, with fewer than 100 instances documented in scientific literature. This distinctive blend of rarity and intriguing variability in presentation emphasizes the significance of identifying and understanding this uncommon entity, facilitating precise diagnosis and optimal management. In this article, we aimed to present a notable case of SCPFT in a male in his 20s who presented with a distinct subcutaneous mass measuring 2.4 × 1.8 cm at the medial aspect of the knee joint. The patient reported no significant medical history or trauma to the affected area. MRI of the knee showed a well-defined 2.4 × 1.8 cm subcutaneous mass with no definite communication with the underlying ligament or meniscus. The histopathological examination revealed spindle cell neoplasm arranged in intersecting fascicles, accompanied by arborizing blood vessels. Neoplastic spindle cells exhibited marked nuclear pleomorphism, and abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm, with focal areas of granular, glassy, and lipidized cytoplasm. Nuclear pseudo inclusions and a few mitotic figures (1-2 per high-power field) were noted. Inflammatory infiltrates were identified within the neoplasm, comprising eosinophils and lymphocytes, highlighting an immune response within the tumor microenvironment. The surgical margin exhibited involvement with the tumor infiltrates, with the neoplastic cells extending into the adjacent fat tissue. This finding indicates local tumor spread and potential challenges in achieving complete resection. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive staining for CD34, corroborating the diagnosis of a CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor. Focal positive staining for pan-CK was noted. Staining for CD31, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S100, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was negative, supporting the diagnosis. The Ki67 proliferation index was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA
| | | | - Omar P Sangueza
- Dermatopathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, USA
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8
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Andrei V, Haefliger S, Baumhoer D. Superficial mesenchymal tumours expressing epithelial markers on immunohistochemistry: Diagnostic clues and pitfalls. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023:S0740-2570(23)00044-8. [PMID: 37147159 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms arising in the superficial soft tissue can be challenging as some entities are rare and show overlapping features. Moreover, the spectrum of mesenchymal tumours has expanded recently to include potential new entities, some of which have been described after the 5th edition of the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of soft tissue and bone tumours published in 2020. In the skin and superficial soft tissue, tumours of epidermal, melanocytic and appendageal origin are more commonly encountered than mesenchymal neoplasms. However, specific entities from the latter category can occasionally express epithelial markers on immunohistochemistry, some of them in a strong and diffuse manner. It is therefore crucial to be aware of diagnostic pitfalls when encountering cytokeratin positivity in superficial soft tissue neoplasms. This article provides an overview on the differential diagnosis of these mesenchymal tumours that can sporadically occur also in the skin, including myoepithelial neoplasms, epithelioid sarcoma, keratin positive giant cell tumour of soft tissue / xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumour, superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumour / PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumour, and perineurioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanghelita Andrei
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Haefliger
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Lin Q, Sun Z, Yu L, Wang Q, Zhu P, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Yan W. Serum lactate dehydrogenase as a novel prognostic factor for patients with primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1453-1463. [PMID: 35484360 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among soft tissue sarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) has relatively higher potential of recurrence and metastasis. As serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is associated with tumor progression and unfavorable outcomes in multiple malignancies, we designed this study to explore the relationship between preoperative serum LDH and prognosis in UPS patients. METHODS We extracted the data of UPS patients who underwent primary surgery in Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to figure out the best cutoff value of LDH to classify them into high- or low-expression groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression to identify independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare differences in overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) between patients with high- or low-serum LDH. RESULTS Multivariate analyses demonstrated that preoperative serum LDH was an independent factor for OS. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with relatively high-serum LDH (P = 0.0004) had poorer OS compared with those with low-serum LDH. There was a trend that patients with relatively high-serum LDH had poorer TTR than those without (P = 0.1249). In addition, there were obvious trends that patients with decreased serum LDH after surgery showed better OS (P = 0.0954) and TTR (P = 0.1720) than those with elevated serum LDH. Moreover, high preoperative serum LDH was associated with female patients (P = 0.0004), positive margin (P < 0.0001), worse survival (P = 0.0061), higher mitotic index (P = 0.0222) and necrosis (P = 0.0225). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative serum LDH is an independent factor for OS in UPS patients, and it correlates with future surgical margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Lin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Sugita S, Takenami T, Kido T, Aoyama T, Hosaka M, Segawa K, Sugawara T, Fujita H, Murahashi Y, Emori M, Tsuyuki A, Hasegawa T. Usefulness of SynCAM3 and cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor from its histological mimics. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:69-77. [PMID: 36344703 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a fibroblastic/myofibroblastic soft tissue tumor of rarely metastasizing intermediate malignancy. Some recent studies have described a relationship between SCPFT and PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumor (PRT) based on SynCAM3 and PRDM10 expression on immunohistochemistry. We performed CD34, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, SynCAM3, and PRDM10 immunohistochemistry in SCPFT and its histological mimics, including myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS), superficially localized myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. We also examined cyclin D1 expression because it is expressed in MIFS and MFS. We conducted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of PRDM10 rearrangement in SCPFT cases. On immunohistochemistry, only SCPFT showed strong and diffuse SynCAM3 expression. SCPFT also exhibited strong nuclear and weak cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression, which was similar to that observed in MIFS. Two of five SCPFT cases exhibited nuclear PRDM10 expression. FISH revealed PRDM10 split signals in 44% and 24% of tumor cells in two SCPFT cases showing nuclear PRDM10 expression on immunohistochemistry, respectively. A minority of non-SCPFT cases showed focal SynCAM3 expression, but a combination of SynCAM3 and cyclin D1 in addition to CD34 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 may be useful for the differential diagnosis of SCPFT and its histological mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takenami
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kido
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoyama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Michiko Hosaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Segawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Taro Sugawara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fujita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuyuki
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
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11
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Bruce-Brand C, Conradie W, Schneider JW. Superficial CD34 Positive Fibroblastic Tumour with Myxoid Stroma. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221126109. [PMID: 36221951 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221126109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor is a rare low-grade neoplasm of the skin and subcutis with indolent behavior. This entity has been included in the current World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of soft tissue tumors. Pathological diagnosis can be challenging due to significant morphological overlap with other entities and the large spectrum of CD34 positive tumors. We report a case in a twenty-five male which showed characteristic diagnostic features, but in addition showed myxoid stroma. The presence of myxoid stroma has not been previously emphasized in this entity and broadens the histologic differential diagnosis significantly to include myxoid soft tissue tumors. A subset of these tumors harbor PRDM10-rearrangements, but a defining molecular feature has not yet been described, highlighting the need for further molecular characterization of this potentially genetically heterogenous tumor. Awareness of this entity among surgeons and pathologists is important to prevent misclassification as an aggressive sarcoma and avoid over-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Bruce-Brand
- Consultant Histopathologist, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 26697Stellenbosch University / National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Wilhelmina Conradie
- Consultant Endocrine Surgery, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 98826Stellenbosch University / Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Johann W Schneider
- Professor and Head, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University / National Health Laboratory Service Tygerberg Hospital, Matieland, South Africa
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12
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Superficial CD34-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor: A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Study of 59 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:1329-1339. [PMID: 35713642 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm that shows overlapping features with PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumor (PRDM10-STT). This study characterizes the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of SCD34FT in a series of 59 cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess for PRDM10 rearrangement was performed in 12 tumors. Immunohistochemistry for CADM3 and WT1 was performed; CADM3 was also assessed in histologic mimics. Our cohort of 33 male and 26 female had a median age of 42 (range: 14 to 85) years. Tumors were most commonly located in the lower limb (73%), upper limb (8%), back (7%), and supraclavicular region (3%). The median tumor size was 3.0 cm (range: 1.0 to 9.0 cm). Clinical follow-up in 32 patients (median duration: 26 mo) revealed 2 local recurrences (6%). One patient developed regional lymph node metastases which were completely excised. Microscopically, SCD34FT comprised spindled and pleomorphic cells with glassy cytoplasm and occasional granular cell change. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed PRDM10 rearrangement in 3/8 cases (38%). SCD34FT frequently expressed CADM3 (95%) and WT1 (75%). CADM3 was less diffusely positive in pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (40%), pleomorphic liposarcoma (20%), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (10%). We corroborate that SCD34FT is indolent but may rarely metastasize to lymph nodes without adverse outcomes. CADM3 and WT1 may be useful in the distinction from histologic mimics. Since cases of SCD34FT with and without demonstrable PRDM10 rearrangement were clinicopathologically indistinguishable, our study further supports that SCD34FT and PRDM10-STT likely constitute a single entity.
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13
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Puls F, Carter JM, Pillay N, McCulloch TA, Sumathi VP, Rissler P, Fagman H, Hansson M, Amary F, Tirabosco R, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Flanagan AM, Folpe AL, Mertens F. Overlapping morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic features of superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor and PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumor. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:767-776. [PMID: 34969957 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT) is a recently recognized soft tissue tumor that is considered to be of borderline malignancy. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains incompletely understood, but it has been suggested that SCD34FT overlaps with tumors showing fusions involving the PRDM10 gene. Previous analyses of PRDM10-rearranged tumors have demonstrated that they have a distinct gene expression profile, resulting in high expression of CADM3 (also known as SynCam3), which can be detected immunohistochemically. Here, we investigated a series (n = 43) of SCD34FT or PRDM10-rearranged tumors and potential mimics (n = 226) with regard to morphological, genetic, and immunohistochemical features. The results show that SCD34FT and PRDM10-rearranged tumor are morphologically indistinguishable; 41 of 43 tumors of both entities are CADM3-positive. Hence, we suggest that they constitute a single entity, preferably referred to as SCD34FT. Expression of CADM3 was only rarely seen in other soft tissue tumors, except in tumors with Schwann cell differentiation. Thus, IHC for CADM3, in combination with the characteristic morphological features, is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of SCD34FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jodi M Carter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK.,Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas A McCulloch
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NUH, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vaiyapuri P Sumathi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Amary
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK.,Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Papke DJ, Hornick JL. Recent advances in the diagnosis, classification and molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms. Histopathology 2021; 80:216-232. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Papke
- Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - J L Hornick
- Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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15
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Thway K, Fisher C. Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated soft tissue neoplasms: Immunohistochemical surrogates for differential diagnosis. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:170-186. [PMID: 34602314 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas (USTS) are described in the current World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours as those showing no identifiable line of differentiation when analyzed by presently available technologies. This is a markedly heterogeneous group, and the diagnosis of USTS remains one of exclusion. USTS can be divided into four morphologic subgroups: pleomorphic, spindle cell, round cell and epithelioid undifferentiated sarcomas, with this combined group accounting for up to 20% of all soft tissue sarcomas. As molecular advances enable the stratification of emerging genetic subsets within USTS, particularly within undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, other groups, particularly the category of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS), still remain difficult to substratify and represent heterogeneous collections of neoplasms often representing the common morphologic endpoints of a variety of malignant tumors of various (mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal) lineages. However, recent molecular developments have also enabled the identification and correct classification of many tumors from various lines of differentiation that would previously have been bracketed under 'UPS'. This includes pleomorphic neoplasms and dedifferentiated neoplasms (the latter typically manifesting with an undifferentiated pleomorphic morphology) of mesenchymal (e.g. solitary fibrous tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor) and non-mesenchymal (e.g. melanoma and carcinoma) origin. The precise categorization of 'pleomorphic' or 'undifferentiated' neoplasms is critical for prognostication, as, for example, dedifferentiated liposarcoma typically behaves less aggressively than other pleomorphic sarcomas, and for management, including the potential for targeted therapies based on underlying recurrent molecular features. In this review we focus on undifferentiated and dedifferentiated pleomorphic and spindle cell neoplasms, summarizing their key genetic, morphologic and immunophenotypic features in the routine diagnostic setting, and the use of immunohistochemistry in their principal differential diagnosis, and highlight new developments and entities in the group of undifferentiated and dedifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
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16
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Han J, Ke C, Jiang B, Zhou H, Xu H, Xie X. Down-regulation of PR/SET domain 10 underlies natural killer cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:366-377. [PMID: 34562314 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's leading cause of tumor-related mortalities. Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role at the first immunological defense line against HCC initiation and progression. NK cell dysfunction is therefore an important mechanism for immune evasion of HCC cells. In the present study using a murine HCC model, we revealed the down-regulation of PR/SET Domain 10 (PRDM10) in hepatic NK cells that were phenotypically and functionally exhausted. PRDM10 silencing diminished the expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), augmented T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) expression, and decreased the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin and granzyme B in normal hepatic NK cells in vitro. Consistently, PRDM10-deficient NK cells exhibited impaired cytotoxicity on target cells. In contrast, PRDM10 over-expression promoted NKG2D and Fas ligand (FasL) expression, reduced CD96 expression and enhanced transcripts of IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B in NK cells in vivo. Moreover, PRDM10 silencing and PRDM10 over-expression down-regulated and up-regulated Eomesodermin (Eomes) expression, respectively. In summary, this study reveals PRDM10 down-regulation as a novel mechanism underlying NK cell dysfunction and identifies PRDM10 as a supporting factor of NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Han
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Ke
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanbin Xu
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingwang Xie
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Perret R, Michal M, Carr RA, Velasco V, Švajdler M, Karanian M, Meurgey A, Paindavoine S, Soubeyran I, Coindre JM, Boidot R, Charon-Barra C, Geneste D, Weingertner N, Pissaloux D, Tirode F, Baud J, Le Loarer F. Superficial CD34-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor and PRDM10-rearranged Soft Tissue tumor are overlapping entities: a comprehensive study of 20 cases. Histopathology 2021; 79:810-825. [PMID: 34121219 DOI: 10.1111/his.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superficial CD34-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor (SCD34FT) and PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue Tumor (PRDM10-STT) are rare mesenchymal tumors. These lesions have clinicopathological similarities, but their relationship remains controversial. This study aimed to characterize a series of cases of SCD34FT and PRDM10-STT. METHODS AND RESULTS ten lesions each of SCD34FT and PRDM10-STT were studied using immunohistochemistry, Array-Comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), RNA-Sequencing and exome sequencing. Tumors mainly occurred in young adults, were generally small (<5 cm), and arose predominantly in the superficial soft tissues of the lower extremities. Follow-up data were available in 15 cases (SCD34FT, n= 7, median 16 months; PRDM10-STT, n= 8, median 14 months), local recurrences occurred in 4 cases (SCD34FT, 2/10; PRDM10-STT, 2/10) while no distant spread was documented. Morphologically, tumors were relatively well-circumscribed and composed of sheets and fascicles of spindle and pleomorphic cells showing low mitotic activity (<1/mm²) without necrosis. Other findings included: granular cell change, lipoblast-like cells, ectatic blood vessels with fibrinous material, myxoid stromal changes, metaplastic bone, and increased mitotic activity (>1/mm²). All tumors diffusely expressed CD34, while Pan-Keratin and Desmin were commonly seen focally. SynCAM3 was diffusely expressed in 12 cases (SCD34FT, n= 5; PRDM10-STT, n= 7), independently of fusion status. aCGH profiles were "flat" (PRDM10-STT, n=4; SCD34FT, n=2) and exome sequencing showed no recurrent pathogenic mutations (PRDM10-STT, n=2; SCD34FT, n=4). Overall, the only morphological features seen exclusively in PRDM10-STT were myxoid stromal changes (3/10) and metaplastic bone (2/10). CONCLUSION we expand the current knowledge on PRDM10-STT and SCD34FT and provide additional evidence for considering them as overlapping entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Perret
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Michal
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Plzen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Bioptical Laboratory, Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard A Carr
- Department of Pathology, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Valérie Velasco
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marian Švajdler
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Plzen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Bioptical Laboratory, Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Karanian
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Michel Coindre
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Department of Tumor Biology and Pathology, Molecular Biology Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Charon-Barra
- Department of Tumor Biology and Pathology, Pathology Unit, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Damien Geneste
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Noelle Weingertner
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg Regional University Hospital (Hautepierre Hospital), Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Tirode
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Jessica Baud
- University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,INSERM U1218, ACTION Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Le Loarer
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,INSERM U1218, ACTION Unit, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Bioinformatics-based analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and TF regulatory networks reveals functional genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225786. [PMID: 32662828 PMCID: PMC7441485 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a 5-year survival rate unsatisfied malignancies. The study aimed to identify the novel diagnostic and prognostic targets for ESCC. Expression profiling (GSE89102, GSE97051, and GSE59973) data were downloaded from the GEO database. Then, differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and genes (DEGs) with P-values < 0.05, and |log2FC| ≥ 2, were identified using GEO2R. Functional enrichment analysis of miRNA-related mRNAs and lncRNA co-expressed mRNA was performed. LncRNA–miRNA–mRNA, protein–protein interaction of miRNA-related mRNAs and DEGs, co-expression, and transcription factors-hub genes network were constructed. The transcriptional data, the diagnostic and prognostic value of hub genes were estimated with ONCOMINE, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and Kaplan–Meier plotter, respectively. Also, the expressions of hub genes were assessed through qPCR and Western blot assays. The CDK1, VEGFA, PRDM10, RUNX1, CDK6, HSP90AA1, MYC, EGR1, and SOX2 used as hub genes. And among them, PRDM10, RUNX1, and CDK6 predicted worse overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients. Our results showed that the hub genes were significantly up-regulated in ESCA primary tumor tissues and cell lines, and exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency. These results suggest that the hub genes may server as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Di Tullio F, Schwarz M, Zorgati H, Mzoughi S, Guccione E. The duality of PRDM proteins: epigenetic and structural perspectives. FEBS J 2021; 289:1256-1275. [PMID: 33774927 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PRDF1 and RIZ1 homology domain containing (PRDMs) are a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins controlling key processes in metazoan development and in cancer. PRDMs exhibit unique dualities: (a) PR domain/ZNF arrays-their structure combines a SET-like domain known as a PR domain, typically found in methyltransferases, with a variable array of C2H2 zinc fingers (ZNF) characteristic of DNA-binding transcription factors; (b) transcriptional activators/repressors-their physiological function is context- and cell-dependent; mechanistically, some PRDMs have a PKMT activity and directly catalyze histone lysine methylation, while others are rather pseudomethyltransferases and act by recruiting transcriptional cofactors; (c) oncogenes/tumor suppressors-their pathological function depends on the specific PRDM isoform expressed during tumorigenesis. This duality is well known as the 'Yin and Yang' of PRDMs and involves a complex regulation of alternative splicing or alternative promoter usage, to generate full-length or PR-deficient isoforms with opposing functions in cancer. In conclusion, once their dualities are fully appreciated, PRDMs represent a promising class of targets in oncology by virtue of their widespread upregulation across multiple tumor types and their somatic dispensability, conferring a broad therapeutic window and limited toxic side effects. The recent discovery of a first-in-class compound able to inhibit PRDM9 activity has paved the way for the identification of further small molecular inhibitors able to counteract PRDM oncogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Di Tullio
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Habiba Zorgati
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Investigation of PRDM10 and PRDM13 Expression in Developing Mouse Embryos by an Optimized PACT-Based Embryo Clearing Method. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062892. [PMID: 33809237 PMCID: PMC8000312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in tissue clearing methods have significantly advanced the three-dimensional analysis of biological structures in whole, intact tissue, providing a greater understanding of spatial relationships and biological circuits. Nonetheless, studies have reported issues with maintaining structural integrity and preventing tissue disintegration, limiting the wide application of these techniques to fragile tissues such as developing embryos. Here, we present an optimized passive tissue clearing technique (PACT)-based embryo clearing method, initial embedding PACT (IMPACT)-Basic, that improves tissue rigidity without compromising optical transparency. We also present IMPACT-Advance, which is specifically optimized for thin slices of mouse embryos past E13.5. We demonstrate proof-of-concept by investigating the expression of two relatively understudied PR domain (PRDM) proteins, PRDM10 and PRDM13, in intact cleared mouse embryos at various stages of development. We observed strong PRDM10 and PRDM13 expression in the developing nervous system and skeletal cartilage, suggesting a functional role for these proteins in these tissues throughout embryogenesis.
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21
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SRF Fusions Other Than With RELA Expand the Molecular Definition of SRF-fused Perivascular Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 44:1725-1735. [PMID: 33021523 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pericytic tumors encompass several entities sharing morphologic and immunohistochemical features. A subset of perivascular myoid tumors associated with the SRF-RELA fusion gene was previously described. Herein, we report a series of 13 tumors belonging to this group, in which we have identified new fusion genes by RNA-sequencing, thus expanding the molecular spectrum of this entity. All patients except 1 were children and infants. The tumors, frequently located in the head (n=8), had a mean size of 38 mm (range 10 to 150 mm) and were mostly (n=9) well-circumscribed. Exploration of the follow-up data (ranging from 3 to 68 mo) confirmed the benign behavior of these tumors. These neoplasms presented a spectrum of morphologies, ranging from perivascular patterns to myoid appearance. Tumor cells presented mitotic figures but without marked atypia. Some of these tumors could mimic sarcoma. The immunohistochemical profiles confirmed a pericytic differentiation with the expression of the smooth muscle actin and the h-caldesmon, as well as the frequent positivity for pan-cytokeratin. The molecular analysis identified the expected SRF-RELA fusion gene, in addition to other genetic alterations, all involving SRF fused to CITED1, CITED2, NFKBIE, or NCOA2. The detection of SRF-NCOA2 fusions in spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma of the infant has previously been described, representing a risk of misdiagnosis, although the cases reported herein did not express MyoD1. Finally, clustering analyses confirmed that this group of SRF-fused perivascular myoid tumors forms a distinct entity, different from other perivascular tumors, spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas of the infant, and smooth muscle tumors.
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22
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Wu B, Jiang S, Wang X, Zhong S, Bi Y, Yi D, Liu G, Hu F, Dou G, Chen Y, Wu Y, Dong J. Identification of driver genes and key pathways of non-functional pituitary adenomas predicts the therapeutic effect of STO-609. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240230. [PMID: 33119597 PMCID: PMC7595405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study is to identify DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes), comprehensively investigate hub genes, annotate enrichment functions and key pathways of Non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), and also to verify STO-609 therapeutic effect. Methods The gene expression level of NFPA and normal tissues were compared to identify the DEGs (Differential expressed genes) based on gene expression profiles (GSE2175, GSE26966 and GSE51618). Enrichment functions, pathways and key genes were identified by carrying out GO (Gene Ontology), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis and PPI (Protein-Protein Interation) network analysis. Moreover, experiments in vitro were conducted to verify the anti-NFPAs effects of STO-609. Results 169 over-expression genes and 182 low expression genes were identified among 3 datasets. Dopaminergic synapse and vibrio cholerae infection pathways have distinctly changed in NFPA tissues. The Ca2+/CaM pathway played important roles in NFPA. Four hub proteins encoded by genes CALM1, PRDM10, RIPK4 and MAD2L1 were recognized as hub proteins. In vitro, assays showed that STO-609 induced apoptosis of NFPA cells to inhibit the hypophysoma cellular viability, diffusion and migration. Conclusion Four hub proteins, encoded by gene CALM1, PRDM10, RIPK4 and MAD2L1, played important roles in NFPA development. The Ca2+/CaM signaling pathway had significant alternations during NFPA forming process, the STO-609, a selective CaM-KK inhibitor, inhibited NFPA cellular viability, proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, NFPA was closely related to parkinson’s disease (PD) in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Institute of Zoology, China Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Oncology, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dazhuang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangfei Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaojing Dou
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgy, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (JD)
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgy, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (JD)
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Global translation during early development depends on the essential transcription factor PRDM10. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3603. [PMID: 32681107 PMCID: PMC7368010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the PR/SET domain-containing (PRDM) family of zinc finger transcriptional regulators play diverse developmental roles. PRDM10 is a yet uncharacterized family member, and its function in vivo is unknown. Here, we report an essential requirement for PRDM10 in pre-implantation embryos and embryonic stem cells (mESCs), where loss of PRDM10 results in severe cell growth inhibition. Detailed genomic and biochemical analyses reveal that PRDM10 functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor. We identify Eif3b, which encodes a core component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex, as a key downstream target, and demonstrate that growth inhibition in PRDM10-deficient mESCs is in part mediated through EIF3B-dependent effects on global translation. Our work elucidates the molecular function of PRDM10 in maintaining global translation, establishes its essential role in early embryonic development and mESC homeostasis, and offers insights into the functional repertoire of PRDMs as well as the transcriptional mechanisms regulating translation.
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Casamassimi A, Rienzo M, Di Zazzo E, Sorrentino A, Fiore D, Proto MC, Moncharmont B, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M, Abbondanza C. Multifaceted Role of PRDM Proteins in Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072648. [PMID: 32290321 PMCID: PMC7177584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The PR/SET domain family (PRDM) comprise a family of genes whose protein products share a conserved N-terminal PR [PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) and RIZ1 (retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1)] homologous domain structurally and functionally similar to the catalytic SET [Su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste and trithorax] domain of histone methyltransferases (HMTs). These genes are involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression through their intrinsic HMTase activity or via interactions with other chromatin modifying enzymes. In this way they control a broad spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation and differentiation control, cell cycle progression, and maintenance of immune cell homeostasis. In cancer, tumor-specific dysfunctions of PRDM genes alter their expression by genetic and/or epigenetic modifications. A common characteristic of most PRDM genes is to encode for two main molecular variants with or without the PR domain. They are generated by either alternative splicing or alternative use of different promoters and play opposite roles, particularly in cancer where their imbalance can be often observed. In this scenario, PRDM proteins are involved in cancer onset, invasion, and metastasis and their altered expression is related to poor prognosis and clinical outcome. These functions strongly suggest their potential use in cancer management as diagnostic or prognostic tools and as new targets of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.A.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7579 (A.C.); +39-081-566-7568 (C.A.)
| | - Monica Rienzo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Anna Sorrentino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Bruno Moncharmont
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.A.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7579 (A.C.); +39-081-566-7568 (C.A.)
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25
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Zheng B, Zhang S, Cai W, Wang J, Wang T, Tang N, Shi Y, Luo X, Yan W. Identification of Novel Fusion Transcripts in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas by Transcriptome Sequencing. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:399-408. [PMID: 31467233 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by chromosomal instability. The aim of this study was to identify fusion events involved in UPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptome sequencing was performed to search for new fusion genes in 19 UPS samples, including two paired recurrent (R) and re-recurrent (RR) samples. RESULTS A total of 66 fusion genes were detected. Among them, 10 novel fusion genes were further confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Retinoblastoma (RB1) fusions (2 cases) were the most recurrent fusion genes. The gene fusions RB1-RNASEH2B, RB1-FGF14-AS1, and E2F6-FKBP4 were correlated with the Rb/E2F pathway. Pseudogenes were involved in the formation of the gene fusions CIC-DUX4L8 and EIF2AK4-ANXA2P2. Importantly, targetable gene fusions (PDGFRA-MACROD2 and NCOR1-MAP2K1) were detected in UPS. CONCLUSION Screening for the presence of fusion transcripts will provide vital clues to the understanding of genetic alterations and the finding of new targeted therapies for UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiang Zheng
- Department of Musculoskeletal Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Weiluo Cai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiang Shi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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26
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Hofvander J, Puls F, Pillay N, Steele CD, Flanagan AM, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Mertens F. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas with PRDM10 fusions have a distinct gene expression profile. J Pathol 2019; 249:425-434. [PMID: 31313299 DOI: 10.1002/path.5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a highly aggressive soft tissue tumor. A subset of UPS is characterized by a CITED2-PRDM10 or a MED12-PRDM10 gene fusion. Preliminary data suggest that these so-called PRDM10-rearranged tumors (PRT) are clinically more indolent than classical high-grade UPS, and hence important to recognize. Here, we assessed the spectrum of accompanying mutations and the gene expression profile in PRT using genomic arrays and sequencing of the genome (WGS) and transcriptome (RNA-seq). The fusion protein's function was further investigated by conditional expression of the CITED2-PRDM10 fusion in a fibroblast cell line, followed by RNA-seq and an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq). The CADM3 gene was found to be differentially up-regulated in PRT and cell lines and was also evaluated for expression at the protein level using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The genomic analyses identified few and nonrecurrent mutations in addition to the structural variants giving rise to the gene fusions, strongly indicating that the PRDM10-fusions represent the critical driver mutations. RNA-seq of tumors showed a distinct gene expression profile, separating PRT from high-grade UPS and other soft tissue tumors. CADM3 was among the genes that was consistently and highly expressed in both PRT and fibroblasts expressing CITED2-PRDM10, suggesting that it is a direct target of the PRDM10 transcription factor. This conclusion is in line with sequencing data from ATAC-seq, showing enrichment of PRDM10 binding sites, suggesting that the amino-terminal fusion partner contributes by making the DNA more accessible to PRDM10 binding. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofvander
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Florian Puls
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | | | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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27
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Diagnostic classification of soft tissue malignancies: A review and update from a surgical pathology perspective. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 43:250-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Piarulli G, Puls F, Wängberg B, Fagman H, Hansson M, Nilsson J, Arbajian E, Mertens F. Gene fusion involving the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor in an
ALK
‐negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. Histopathology 2019; 74:1098-1102. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Piarulli
- Division of Clinical Genetics Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Florian Puls
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics Sahlgrenska University Hospital GothenburgSweden
| | - Bo Wängberg
- Department of Surgery Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics Sahlgrenska University Hospital GothenburgSweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics Sahlgrenska University Hospital GothenburgSweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology Division of Laboratory Medicine Lund Sweden
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29
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Yakirevich E, Madison R, Fridman E, Mangray S, Carneiro BA, Lu S, Cooke M, Bratslavsky G, Webster J, Ross JS, Ali SM. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Adult Renal Sarcomas Provides Insight into Disease Biology and Opportunities for Targeted Therapies. Eur Urol Oncol 2019; 4:282-288. [PMID: 31412008 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary adult renal sarcomas (RSs) are rare aggressive neoplasms. Clinical outcomes are extremely poor, and optimal treatment remains challenging. OBJECTIVE To identify genomic alterations (GAs) in patients with RSs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was conducted on DNA/RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue using the FoundationOne Heme/Sarcoma assay in 13 adult, locally advanced or metastatic RSs of various histologic types. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All classes of GAs, including base substitutions, small indels, rearrangements, copy number alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), were analyzed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS CGP revealed 55 GAs (4.2 per tumor), 29 of which were clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs; 2.2 per tumor). At least one CRGA was detected in nine (69%) cases. High-level amplifications (more than six copies) involving 4q12 amplicon of the KIT and PDGFRA genes were identified in four (31%) cases (two undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas [UPSs], one sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, and one myxofibrosarcoma). Both UPSs also had KDR gene amplification in addition to KIT and PDGFRA. Additional CRGAs were found in CDKN2A/B (23%), NF1 (23%), and MET (8%). All RSs were MSI stable, the mean TMB was 3.5 mutations/megabase (Mb), and none (0%) featured TMB >10 mutations/Mb. Limitations include the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS RSs are characterized by diverse histology and genomic profiles including 31% of cases with 4q12 amplification harboring the KIT/PDGFRA/KDR genes. Of the tumors, 69% carry CRGAs, which could lead to potential benefit from targeted therapies; however, a low TMB also suggests that these cases are unlikely to respond to checkpoint inhibitors. PATIENT SUMMARY This study provides insights into molecular biology of renal sarcoma, a rare aggressive subtype of kidney tumors. We demonstrated that renal sarcomas harbor unique, recurrent, clinically relevant molecular abnormalities that provide new opportunities for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Yakirevich
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | - Eduard Fridman
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shamlal Mangray
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Hematology/Oncology Division, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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30
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Puls F, Pillay N, Fagman H, Palin-Masreliez A, Amary F, Hansson M, Kindblom LG, McCulloch TA, Meligonis G, Muc R, Rissler P, Sumathi VP, Tirabosco R, Hofvander J, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Flanagan AM, Mertens F. PRDM10-rearranged Soft Tissue Tumor: A Clinicopathologic Study of 9 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 43:504-513. [PMID: 30570551 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusion transcripts containing PRDM10 were recently identified in low-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS). Here, we describe the morphologic and clinical features of 9 such tumors from 5 men and 4 women (age: 20 to 61 y). Three cases had previously been diagnosed as UPS, 3 as superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT), 2 as pleomorphic liposarcoma, and 1 as pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor. The tumors were located in the superficial and deep soft tissues of the thigh/knee region (4 cases), shoulder (2 cases), foot, trunk, and perineum (1 case each) ranging in size from 1 to 6 cm. All showed poorly defined cellular fascicles of pleomorphic cells within a fibrous stroma with frequent myxoid change and a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. All displayed highly pleomorphic nuclear features, but a low mitotic count. Most tumors were well circumscribed. One of 9 tumors recurred locally, but none metastasized. Immunohistochemically, all were CD34 and showed nuclear positivity for PRDM10; focal positivity for cytokeratins was seen in 5/6 cases. PRDM10 immunoreactivity was evaluated in 50 soft tissue tumors that could mimic PRDM10-rearranged tumors, including 4 cases exhibiting histologic features within the spectrum of SCD34FT. Except for 2/6 pleomorphic liposarcomas and 1/4 myxofibrosarcomas, other tumors did not show nuclear positivity but displayed weak to moderate cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In conclusion, PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumor is characterized by pleomorphic morphology and a low mitotic count. Its morphologic spectrum overlaps with SCD34FT. Clinical features of this small series suggest an indolent behavior, justifying its distinction from UPS and other sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
| | - Anne Palin-Masreliez
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
| | - Fernanda Amary
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
| | - Lars-Gunnar Kindblom
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
| | - Tom A McCulloch
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham
| | | | - Ronald Muc
- Department of Histopathology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University
| | - Vaiyapuri P Sumathi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore
| | - Jakob Hofvander
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Wu K, Yin X, Jin Y, Liu F, Gao J. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in prostate carcinoma using integrated bioinformatics. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:51. [PMID: 30872976 PMCID: PMC6402097 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation plays a key role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to identify aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in PCa and explore the underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis. Methods Expression profile (GSE29079) and methylation profile (GSE76938) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We used R 3.4.4 software to assess aberrantly methylated DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing and Illumina HumanMethylation450 DNA methylation data were utilized to validate screened genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the screened genes was performed, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gens (STRING). The results were visualized in Cytoscape. After confirmation using TCGA, cBioPortal was used to examine alterations in genes of interest. Then, protein localization in PCa cells was observed using immunohistochemistry. Results Overall, 536 hypomethylated upregulated genes were identified that were enriched in biological processes such as negative regulation of transcription, osteoblast differentiation, intracellular signal transduction, and the Wnt signalling pathway. Pathway enrichment showed significant changes in factors involved in AMPK signalling, cancer, and adherens junction pathways. The hub oncogenes were AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN. Additionally, 322 hypermethylated downregulated genes were identified that demonstrated enrichment in biological processes including positive regulation of the MAPK cascade, muscle contraction, ageing, and signal transduction. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), focal adhesion, dilated cardiomyopathy, and PI3K-AKT signalling. The hub tumour suppressor gene was FLNA. Immunohistochemistry showed that AKT1, FASN, and FLNA were mainly expressed in PCa cell cytoplasm, while PRDM10 was mainly expressed in nuclei. Conclusions Our results identify numerous novel genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks and offer molecular evidence crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of PCa. Aberrantly methylated hub genes, including AKT1, PRDM10, FASN, and FLNA, can be used as biomarkers for accurate PCa diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests that AKT1, PRDM10, and FASN may be tumour promoters and that FLNA may be a tumour suppressor in PCa. We hope these findings will draw more attention to these hub genes in future cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- 1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Yin
- 2Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- 1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Hebei General Hospital of Civil Affairs, Xingtai, Hebei Province China
| | - Jiangping Gao
- 1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma is the least common but most aggressive subtype of liposarcoma. Tumors most commonly arise in the deep soft tissues of the extremities in adult patients. Pleomorphic liposarcoma has no specific immunohistochemical or molecular genetic features, and the presence of lipoblasts remains the sole diagnostic criterion. Diagnostic challenges include the identification of lipoblasts, which are often scarce or focal, and the distinction from other pleomorphic sarcomas, including dedifferentiated liposarcoma with homologous lipoblastic differentiation. This review provides an updated overview of the clinicopathologic features of pleomorphic liposarcoma, with discussion of its morphologic variants, differential diagnosis, and the role of small biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Vickie Y Jo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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33
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Genadry KC, Pietrobono S, Rota R, Linardic CM. Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview. Front Oncol 2018; 8:475. [PMID: 30416982 PMCID: PMC6212576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are an uncommon group of solid tumors that can arise throughout the human lifespan. Despite their commonality as non-bony cancers that develop from mesenchymal cell precursors, they are heterogeneous in their genetic profiles, histology, and clinical features. This has made it difficult to identify a single target or therapy specific to STSs. And while there is no one cell of origin ascribed to all STSs, the cancer stem cell (CSC) principle—that a subpopulation of tumor cells possesses stem cell-like properties underlying tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, disease recurrence, and metastasis—predicts that ultimately it should be possible to identify a feature common to all STSs that could function as a therapeutic Achilles' heel. Here we review the published evidence for CSCs in each of the most common STSs, then focus on the methods used to study CSCs, the developmental signaling pathways usurped by CSCs, and the epigenetic alterations critical for CSC identity that may be useful for further study of STS biology. We conclude with discussion of some challenges to the field and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia C Genadry
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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34
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Lou W, Liu J, Ding B, Xu L, Fan W. Identification of chemoresistance-associated miRNAs in breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4747-4757. [PMID: 30425571 PMCID: PMC6205533 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an effective therapeutic regimen for patients with breast cancer. However, some individuals cannot benefit from NAC because of drug resistance. To date, valid strategies about enhancing sensitivity of breast cancer to NAC are still scarce. miRNAs have been reported to proverbially be involved in the onset and development of malignancies including drug resistance. Methods GSE73736 was downloaded from the GEO database. Student's t-test was conducted to acquire differentially expressed-miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). Potential target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted by miRTarBase. Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses for these target genes were performed by database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database and visualized through Cytoscape software. The hub target gene-miRNA network was also established by Cytoscape software. Next, the expression of potential functional miRNAs in breast cancer cell lines and tissues was determined. Finally, the roles of miR-3617-3p, miR-3136-3p, and miR-520b in modulating breast cancer chemoresistance were further examined. Results A total of 123 DE-miRNAs were identified, including 60 upregulated miRNAs and 63 downregulated miRNAs in the chemoresistant breast cancer group when compared with the chemosensitive group. Six hundred and seventeen and 1,146 potential target genes for the top 10 most upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were predicted, respectively. Enrichment analyses revealed that these target genes were enriched in some cancer-associated or chemo-resistance-associated pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway, wnt signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway. MAPK1 and PRDM10 were identified as hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network. The top 25 hub genes were potentially regulated by 16 DE-miRNAs, among which miR-3617-3p and miR-3136-3p were commonly upregulated, whereas miR-520b was downregulated in two chemoresistant breast cancer cells compared with chemosensitive cell. By analyzing TCGA data, we found that expression of miR-3136-3p and miR-520b was increased and decreased in breast cancer tissues, respectively. Moreover, functional experiments demonstrated that miR-3136-3p and miR-3617-3p could reduce chemosensitivity of breast cancer, whereas miR-520b could reverse chemoresistance. Conclusion The present study, based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, brings to light novel mechanisms of breast cancer NAC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Lou
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China,
| | - Jingxing Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Changxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou 313100, China
| | - Bisha Ding
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China,
| | - Liang Xu
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China,
| | - Weimin Fan
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310000, China, .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,
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Wu LW, Pavlock T, Patterson A, Post A, Ambrose C, Rajaram V, Pavlick DC, Cooke M, Miller VA, Albacker LA, Ali SM, Smith S, Cox MC, Martin A, Megison S, Laetsch TW. Durable Clinical Response to Larotrectinib in an Adolescent Patient With an Undifferentiated Sarcoma Harboring an STRN- NTRK2 Fusion. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1800101. [PMID: 32913990 PMCID: PMC7446438 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Wu
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Tara Pavlock
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Alison Patterson
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Anne Post
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Caitlyn Ambrose
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Veena Rajaram
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Dean C Pavlick
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew Cooke
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Vincent A Miller
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Lee A Albacker
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Siraj M Ali
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven Smith
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael C Cox
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew Martin
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Steve Megison
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Theodore W Laetsch
- , , , , and , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; , , , , , , , and , Children's Health, Dallas, TX; , , , , and , Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; and and , Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
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Laetsch TW, Roy A, Xu L, Black JO, Coffin CM, Chi YY, Tian J, Spunt SL, Hawkins DS, Bridge JA, Parsons DW, Skapek SX. Undifferentiated Sarcomas in Children Harbor Clinically Relevant Oncogenic Fusions and Gene Copy-Number Alterations: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3888-3897. [PMID: 29691299 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: A comprehensive analysis of the genomics of undifferentiated sarcomas (UDS) is lacking. We analyzed copy-number alterations and fusion status in patients with UDS prospectively treated on Children's Oncology Group protocol ARST0332.Experimental Design: Copy-number alterations were assessed by OncoScan FFPE Express on 32 UDS. Whole-exome and transcriptome libraries from eight tumors with sufficient archived material were sequenced on HiSeq (2 × 100 bp). Targeted RNA-sequencing using Archer chemistry was performed on two additional cases.Results: Five-year overall survival for patients with UDS was 83% (95% CI, 69%-97%) with risk-adapted therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy). Both focal and arm-level copy-number alterations were common including gain of 1q (8/32, 25%) and loss of 1p (7/32, 22%), both of which occurred more often in clinically defined high-risk tumors. Tumors with both loss of 1p and gain of 1q carried an especially poor prognosis with a 5-year event-free survival of 20%. GISTIC analysis identified recurrent amplification of FGF1 on 5q31.3 (q = 0.03) and loss of CDKN2A and CDKN2B on 9p21.3 (q = 0.07). Known oncogenic fusions were identified in eight of 10 cases analyzed by next-generation sequencing.Conclusions: Pediatric UDS generally has a good outcome with risk-adapted therapy. A high-risk subset of patients whose tumors have copy-number loss of 1p and gain of 1q was identified with only 20% survival. Oncogenic fusions are common in UDS, and next-generation sequencing should be considered for children with UDS to refine the diagnosis and identify potentially targetable drivers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3888-97. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angshumoy Roy
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Xu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Cheryl M Coffin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jing Tian
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sheri L Spunt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Hofvander J, Arbajian E, Stenkula KG, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Larsson M, Nilsson J, Magnusson L, von Steyern FV, Rissler P, Hornick JL, Mertens F. Frequent low-level mutations of protein kinase D2 in angiolipoma. J Pathol 2017; 241:578-582. [PMID: 28139834 DOI: 10.1002/path.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumours displaying differentiation towards normal fat constitute the most common subgroup of soft tissue neoplasms. A series of such tumours was investigated by whole-exome sequencing followed by targeted ultra-deep sequencing. Eighty per cent of angiolipomas, but not any other tumour type, displayed mutations in the protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) gene, typically in the part encoding the catalytic domain. The absence of other aberrations at the chromosome or RNA level suggests that PRKD2 mutations are critical for angiolipoma development. Consistently, the mutated PRKD2 alleles were present at low (3-15%) frequencies, indicating that only a subset of the tumour cells is affected. Indeed, by sequencing mature fat cells and other cells separately, the former typically showed the highest mutation frequencies. Thus, we hypothesize that altered PRKD2 signalling in the adipocytic cells drives tumourigenesis and, in agreement with its pivotal role in angiogenesis, induces the vessel formation that is characteristic for angiolipoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofvander
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Pathology, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Liu R, Wang G, Liu C, Qiu J, Yan L, Li X, Wang X. Gene expression profile analysis of dbpA knockdown in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1280-1293. [PMID: 27569444 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710068 China
| | - Guorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710068 China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College; Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710068 China
| | - Likun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710068 China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710068 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University; Xi'an 710068 China
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A Molecular Study of Pediatric Spindle and Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma: Identification of Novel and Recurrent VGLL2-related Fusions in Infantile Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:224-35. [PMID: 26501226 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ScRMS) and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (SRMS) have been recently reclassified as a stand-alone pathologic entity, separate from embryonal RMS. Genetically, a subset of the congenital cases display NCOA2 gene rearrangements, whereas tumors occurring in older children or adults harbor MYOD1 gene mutations with or without coexisting PIK3CA mutations. Despite these recent advances, a significant number of tumors lack known genetic alterations. In this study we sought to investigate a large group of pediatric SRMS/ScRMS, spanning a diverse clinical and pathologic spectrum, by using a combined fluorescence in situ hybridization, targeted DNA, and whole-transcriptome sequencing methodology for a more definitive molecular classification. A total of 26 SRMS and ScRMS cases were selected from the 2 participating institutions for the molecular analysis. Ten of the 11 congenital/infantile SRMS showed recurrent fusion genes: with novel VGLL2 rearrangements seen in 7 (63%), including VGLL2-CITED2 fusion in 4 and VGLL2-NCOA2 in 2 cases. Three (27%) cases harbored the previously described NCOA2 gene fusions, including TEAD1-NCOA2 in 2 and SRF-NCOA2 in 1. All fusion-positive congenital/infantile SRMS patients with available long-term follow-up were alive and well, none developing distant metastases. Among the remaining 15 SRMS patients older than 1 year, 10 (67%) showed MYOD1 L122R mutations, most of them following a fatal outcome despite an aggressive multimodality treatment. All 4 cases harboring coexisting MYOD1/PIK3CA mutations shared sclerosing morphology. All 5 fusion/mutation-negative SRMS cases presented as intra-abdominal or paratesticular lesions.
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40
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The role of PRDMs in cancer: one family, two sides. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 36:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Mertens F, Antonescu CR, Mitelman F. Gene fusions in soft tissue tumors: Recurrent and overlapping pathogenetic themes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:291-310. [PMID: 26684580 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions have been described in approximately one-third of soft tissue tumors (STT); of the 142 different fusions that have been reported, more than half are recurrent in the same histologic subtype. These gene fusions constitute pivotal driver mutations, and detailed studies of their cellular effects have provided important knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms in STT. Furthermore, most fusions are strongly associated with a particular histotype, serving as ideal molecular diagnostic markers. In recent years, it has also become apparent that some chimeric proteins, directly or indirectly, constitute excellent treatment targets, making the detection of gene fusions in STT ever more important. Indeed, pharmacological treatment of STT displaying fusions that activate protein kinases, such as ALK and ROS1, or growth factors, such as PDGFB, is already in clinical use. However, the vast majority (52/78) of recurrent gene fusions create structurally altered and/or deregulated transcription factors, and a small but growing subset develops through rearranged chromatin regulators. The present review provides an overview of the spectrum of currently recognized gene fusions in STT, and, on the basis of the protein class involved, the mechanisms by which they exert their oncogenic effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Felix Mitelman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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42
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Brenca M, Maestro R. Massive parallel sequencing in sarcoma pathobiology: state of the art and perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1473-88. [PMID: 26536249 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are an aggressive and highly heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies with different morphologies and clinical behavior. Current therapeutic strategies remain unsatisfactory. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of these tumors is resulting in the breakdown of the classical histopathological categories into molecular subgroups that better define sarcoma pathobiology and pave the way to more precise diagnostic criteria and novel therapeutic opportunities. The purpose of this short review is to summarize the state-of-the-art on the exploitation of massive parallel sequencing technologies, also known as next generation sequencing, in the elucidation of sarcoma pathobiology and to discuss how these applications may impact on diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Brenca
- a Experimental Oncology 1 , CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute , Aviano , PN 33081 , Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- a Experimental Oncology 1 , CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute , Aviano , PN 33081 , Italy
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Puls F, Magnusson L, Niblett A, Douis H, Peake D, Taniere P, Kindblom LG, Mertens F. Non-fibrosing sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma: an unusual variant. Histopathology 2015. [PMID: 26212576 DOI: 10.1111/his.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela Niblett
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Hassan Douis
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - David Peake
- Department of Oncology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Philippe Taniere
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lars-Gunnar Kindblom
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Gene fusion detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded benign fibrous histiocytomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNA sequencing. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1071-6. [PMID: 26121314 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign fibrous histiocytomas (FH) can be subdivided into several morphological and clinical subgroups. Recently, gene fusions involving either one of two protein kinase C genes (PRKCB and PRKCD) or the ALK gene were described in FH. We here wanted to evaluate the frequency of PRKCB and PRKCD gene fusions in FH. Using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization on sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors, 36 cases could be analyzed. PRKCB or PRKCD rearrangements were seen in five tumors: 1/7 regular, 0/3 aneurysmal, 0/6 cellular, 2/7 epithelioid, 0/1 atypical, 2/10 deep, and 0/2 metastatic lesions. We also evaluated the status of the ALK gene in selected cases, finding rearrangements in 3/7 epithelioid and 0/1 atypical lesions. To assess the gene fusion status of FH further, deep sequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) was performed on FFPE tissue from eight cases with unknown gene fusion status, as well as on two FH and six soft tissue sarcomas with known gene fusions; of the latter eight positive controls, the expected fusion transcript was found in all but one, while 2/8 FH with unknown genetic status showed fusion transcripts, including a novel KIRREL/PRKCA chimera. Thus, also a third member of the PRKC family is involved in FH tumorigenesis. We conclude that gene fusions involving PRKC genes occur in several morphological (regular, cellular, aneurysmal, epithelioid) and clinical (cutaneous, deep) subsets of FH, but they seem to account for only a minority of the cases. In epithelioid lesions, however, rearrangements of PRKC or ALK were seen, as mutually exclusive events, in the majority (5/7) of cases. Finally, the study also shows that RNA-Seq is a promising tool for identifying gene fusions in FFPE tissues.
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Ernst A, Anders H, Kapfhammer H, Orth M, Hennel R, Seidl K, Winssinger N, Belka C, Unkel S, Lauber K. HSP90 inhibition as a means of radiosensitizing resistant, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:211-22. [PMID: 26044951 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential part of multi-modal treatment for soft tissue sarcomas. Treatment failure is commonly attributed to radioresistance, but comprehensive analyses of radiosensitivity are not available, and suitable biomarkers or candidates for targeted radiosensitization are scarce. Here, we systematically analyzed the intrinsic radioresistance of a panel of soft tissue sarcoma cell lines, and extracted scores of radioresistance by principal component analysis (PCA). To identify molecular markers of radioresistance, transcriptomic profiling of DNA damage response regulators was performed. The expression levels of HSP90 and its clients ATR, ATM, and NBS1 revealed strong, positive correlations with the PCA-derived radioresistance scores. Their functional involvement was addressed by HSP90 inhibition, which preferentially sensitized radioresistant sarcoma cells and was accompanied by delayed γ-H2AX foci clearance and HSP90 client protein degradation. The induction of apoptosis and necrosis was not significantly enhanced, but increased levels of basal and irradiation-induced senescence upon HSP90 inhibition were detected. Finally, evaluation of our findings in the TCGA soft tissue sarcoma cohort revealed elevated expression levels of HSP90, ATR, ATM, and NBS1 in a relevant subset of cases with particularly poor prognosis, which might preferentially benefit from HSP90 inhibition in combination with radiotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ernst
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Anders
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Kapfhammer
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Seidl
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claus Belka
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Unkel
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Structural chromosome rearrangements may result in the exchange of coding or regulatory DNA sequences between genes. Many such gene fusions are strong driver mutations in neoplasia and have provided fundamental insights into the disease mechanisms that are involved in tumorigenesis. The close association between the type of gene fusion and the tumour phenotype makes gene fusions ideal for diagnostic purposes, enabling the subclassification of otherwise seemingly identical disease entities. In addition, many gene fusions add important information for risk stratification, and increasing numbers of chimeric proteins encoded by the gene fusions serve as specific targets for treatment, resulting in dramatically improved patient outcomes. In this Timeline article, we describe the spectrum of gene fusions in cancer and how the methods to identify them have evolved, and also discuss conceptual implications of current, sequencing-based approaches for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertil Johansson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Felix Mitelman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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