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Wen X, Zhang C, Tian Y, Miao Y, Liu S, Xu JJ, Ye D, He J. Smart Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Probes by Enzymatic Molecular In Situ Self-Assembly. JACS AU 2024; 4:2426-2450. [PMID: 39055152 PMCID: PMC11267545 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic molecular in situ self-assembly (E-MISA) that enables the synthesis of high-order nanostructures from synthetic small molecules inside a living subject has emerged as a promising strategy for molecular imaging and theranostics. This strategy leverages the catalytic activity of an enzyme to trigger probe substrate conversion and assembly in situ, permitting prolonging retention and congregating many molecules of probes in the targeted cells or tissues. Enhanced imaging signals or therapeutic functions can be achieved by responding to a specific enzyme. This E-MISA strategy has been successfully applied for the development of enzyme-activated smart molecular imaging or theranostic probes for in vivo applications. In this Perspective, we discuss the general principle of controlling in situ self-assembly of synthetic small molecules by an enzyme and then discuss the applications for the construction of "smart" imaging and theranostic probes against cancers and bacteria. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives in utilizing the E-MISA strategy for disease diagnoses and therapies, particularly for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidan Wen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital
of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaohai Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian He
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital
of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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2
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Mo X, Zhang Z, Song J, Wang Y, Yu Z. Self-assembly of peptides in living cells for disease theranostics. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4289-4306. [PMID: 38595070 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed substantial progress in biomedical materials for addressing health concerns and improving disease therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy. Conventional biomedical materials are typically created through an ex vivo approach and are usually utilized under physiological environments via transfer from preparative media. This transfer potentially gives rise to challenges for the efficient preservation of the bioactivity and implementation of theranostic goals on site. To overcome these issues, the in situ synthesis of biomedical materials on site has attracted great attention in the past few years. Peptides, which exhibit remarkable biocompability and reliable noncovalent interactions, can be tailored via tunable assembly to precisely create biomedical materials. In this review, we summarize the progress in the self-assembly of peptides in living cells for disease diagnosis and therapy. After a brief introduction to the basic design principles of peptide assembly systems in living cells, the applications of peptide assemblies for bioimaging and disease treatment are highlighted. The challenges in the field of peptide self-assembly in living cells and the prospects for novel peptide assembly systems towards next-generation biomaterials are also discussed, which will hopefully help elucidate the great potential of peptide assembly in living cells for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jinyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yushi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 21 West 15th Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
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3
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Ma X, Mao M, He J, Liang C, Xie HY. Nanoprobe-based molecular imaging for tumor stratification. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6447-6496. [PMID: 37615588 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The responses of patients to tumor therapies vary due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor stratification has been attracting increasing attention for accurately distinguishing between responders to treatment and non-responders. Nanoprobes with unique physical and chemical properties have great potential for patient stratification. This review begins by describing the features and design principles of nanoprobes that can visualize specific cell types and biomarkers and release inflammatory factors during or before tumor treatment. Then, we focus on the recent advancements in using nanoprobes to stratify various therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), ferroptosis, and immunotherapy. The main challenges and perspectives of nanoprobes in cancer stratification are also discussed to facilitate probe development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingchuan Mao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi He
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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4
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Ho Shon I, Hogg PJ. Imaging of cell death in malignancy: Targeting pathways or phenotypes? Nucl Med Biol 2023; 124-125:108380. [PMID: 37598518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however current clinical imaging of treatment response does not specifically image cancer cell death but assesses this indirectly either by changes in tumor size (using x-ray computed tomography) or metabolic activity (using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography). The ability to directly image tumor cell death soon after commencement of therapy would enable personalised response adapted approaches to cancer treatment that is presently not possible with current imaging, which is in many circumstances neither sufficiently accurate nor timely. Several cell death pathways have now been identified and characterised that present multiple potential targets for imaging cell death including externalisation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, caspase activation and La autoantigen redistribution. However, targeting one specific cell death pathway carries the risk of not detecting cell death by other pathways and it is now understood that cancer treatment induces cell death by different and sometimes multiple pathways. An alternative approach is targeting the cell death phenotype that is "agnostic" of the death pathway. Cell death phenotypes that have been targeted for cell death imaging include loss of plasma membrane integrity and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Targeting the cell death phenotype may have the advantage of being a more sensitive and generalisable approach to cancer cell death imaging. This review describes and summarises the approaches and radiopharmaceuticals investigated for imaging cell death by targeting cell death pathways or cell death phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ho Shon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Wang Y, Bai H, Miao Y, Weng J, Huang Z, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ye D. Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐Assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200369. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - He Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianhui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jiayu Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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6
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Qin X, Jiang H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Tian M. Radionuclide imaging of apoptosis for clinical application. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:1345-1359. [PMID: 34873639 PMCID: PMC8921127 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis was a natural, non-inflammatory, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) that can be discovered in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Based on its characteristic biochemical changes, a great number of apoptosis probes for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed. Radionuclide imaging with these tracers were potential for the repetitive and selective detection of apoptotic cell death in vivo, without the need for invasive biopsy. In this review, we overviewed molecular mechanism and specific biochemical changes in apoptotic cells and summarized the existing tracers that have been used in clinical trials as well as their potentialities and limitations. Particularly, we highlighted the clinic applications of apoptosis imaging as diagnostic markers, early-response indicators, and prognostic predictors in multiple disease fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Jiang
- PET-CT Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Bai H, Miao Y, Weng J, Huang Z, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ye D. Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - He Bai
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yinxing Miao
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianhui Weng
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zheng Huang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine CHINA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine CHINA
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Chemistry 163 Xianlin Road, 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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8
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Tonogai EJ, Huang S, Botham RC, Berry MR, Joslyn SK, Daniel GB, Chen Z, Rao J, Zhang X, Basuli F, Rossmeisl JH, Riggins GJ, LeBlanc AK, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ. Evaluation of a procaspase-3 activator with hydroxyurea or temozolomide against high-grade meningioma in cell culture and canine cancer patients. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1723-1735. [PMID: 34216463 PMCID: PMC8485451 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade meningioma is an aggressive type of brain cancer that is often recalcitrant to surgery and radiotherapy, leading to poor overall survival. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs for meningioma, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options, but development is challenging due to the lack of predictive preclinical models. METHODS To leverage the known overexpression of procaspase-3 in meningioma, PAC-1, a blood-brain barrier penetrant procaspase-3 activator, was evaluated for its ability to induce apoptosis in meningioma cells. To enhance the effects of PAC-1, combinations with either hydroxyurea or temozolomide were explored in cell culture. Both combinations were further investigated in small groups of canine meningioma patients and assessed by MRI, and the novel apoptosis tracer, [18F]C-SNAT4, was evaluated in patients treated with PAC-1 + HU. RESULTS In meningioma cell lines in culture, PAC-1 + HU are synergistic while PAC-1 + TMZ show additive-to-synergistic effects. In canine meningioma patients, PAC-1 + HU led to stabilization of disease and no change in apoptosis within the tumor, whereas PAC-1 + TMZ reduced tumor burden in all three canine patients treated. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest PAC-1 + TMZ as a potentially efficacious combination for the treatment of human meningioma, and also demonstrate the utility of including pet dogs with meningioma as a means to assess anticancer strategies for this common brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tonogai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel C Botham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew R Berry
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Gregory B Daniel
- Radiology, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virgina-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virgina-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory J Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Beroske L, Van den Wyngaert T, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Elvas F. Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis: The Case of Caspase-3 Radiotracers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083948. [PMID: 33920463 PMCID: PMC8069194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular imaging of apoptosis remains an important method for the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of certain diseases and the evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer apoptosis-inducing therapies. Among the multiple biomarkers involved in apoptosis, activated caspase-3 is an attractive target, as it is the most abundant of the executioner caspases. Nuclear imaging is a good candidate, as it combines a high depth of tissue penetration and high sensitivity, features necessary to detect small changes in levels of apoptosis. However, designing a caspase-3 radiotracer comes with challenges, such as selectivity, cell permeability and transient caspase-3 activation. In this review, we discuss the different caspase-3 radiotracers for the imaging of apoptosis together with the challenges of the translation of various apoptosis-imaging strategies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Beroske
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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10
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[ 18F]-C-SNAT4: an improved caspase-3-sensitive nanoaggregation PET tracer for imaging of tumor responses to chemo- and immunotherapies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3386-3399. [PMID: 33712870 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis can noninvasively detect cell death in vivo and assist in monitoring tumor response to treatment in patients. While extensive efforts have been devoted to addressing this important need, no apoptosis PET imaging agents have yet been approved for clinical use. This study reports an improved 18F-labeled caspase-sensitive nanoaggregation tracer ([18F]-C-SNAT4) for PET imaging of tumor response to chemo- and immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models. METHODS We rationally designed and synthesized a new PET tracer [18F]-C-SNAT4 to detect cell death both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro radiotracer uptake studies were performed on drug-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H460 and NCI-H1299, respectively) treated with cisplatin at different doses. In vivo therapy response monitoring by [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET imaging was evaluated with two treatment modalities-chemotherapy and immunotherapy in two tumor xenografts in mice. Radiotracer uptake in the tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting and cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence. RESULTS This [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET tracer was facilely synthesized and displayed improved serum stability profiles. [18F]-C-SNAT4 cellular update was elevated in NCI-H460 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which correlated well with cell death. A significant increase in [18F]-C-SNAT4 uptake was measured in NCI-H460 tumor xenografts in mice. In contrast, a rapid clearance of [18F]-C-SNAT4 was observed in drug-resistant NCI-H1299 in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Moreover, in BALB/C mice bearing murine colon cancer CT26 tumor xenografts receiving checkpoint inhibitors, [18F]-C-SNAT4 showed its ability for monitoring immunotherapy-induced apoptosis and reporting treatment-responding mice from non-responding. CONCLUSION The uptake of [18F]-C-SNAT4 in tumors received chemotherapy and immunotherapy is positively correlated with the tumor apoptotic level and the treatment efficacy. [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET imaging can monitor tumor response to two different treatment modalities and predict the therapeutic efficacy in preclinical mouse models.
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11
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Zhang X, Mariano CF, Ando Y, Shen K. Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1510. [PMID: 33073545 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the central coordinator and executor of many immune functions. The activation and function of T lymphocytes are mediated through the engagement of cell surface receptors and regulated by a myriad of intracellular signaling network. Bioengineering tools, including imaging modalities and fluorescent probes, have been developed and employed to elucidate the cellular events throughout the functional lifespan of T cells. A better understanding of these events can broaden our knowledge in the immune systems biology, as well as accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and immunotherapies. Here we review the commonly used and recently developed techniques and probes for monitoring T lymphocyte intracellular events, following the order of intracellular events in T cells from activation, signaling, metabolism to apoptosis. The techniques introduced here can be broadly applied to other immune cells and cell systems. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsea F Mariano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Cui L, Vivona S, Smith BR, Kothapalli SR, Liu J, Ma X, Chen Z, Taylor M, Kierstead PH, Fréchet JM, Gambhir SS, Rao J. Reduction Triggered In Situ Polymerization in Living Mice. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15575-15584. [PMID: 32804495 PMCID: PMC8171073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
"Smart" biomaterials that are responsive to physiological or biochemical stimuli have found many biomedical applications for tissue engineering, therapeutics, and molecular imaging. In this work, we describe in situ polymerization of activatable biorthogonal small molecules in response to a reducing environment change in vivo. We designed a carbohydrate linker- and cyanobenzothiazole-cysteine condensation reaction-based small molecule scaffold that can undergo rapid condensation reaction upon physiochemical changes (such as a reducing environment) to form polymers (pseudopolysaccharide). The fluorescent and photoacoustic properties of a fluorophore-tagged condensation scaffold before and after the transformation have been examined with a dual-modality optical imaging method. These results confirmed the in situ polymerization of this probe after both local and systemic administration in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Vivona
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sri R. Kothapalli
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Taylor
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Weng J, Wen X, Hu Y, Ye D. Recent advances in stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly of small molecule probes for in vivo imaging of enzymatic activity. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:406-421. [PMID: 32627767 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly of small molecule probes into nanostructures has been promising for the construction of molecular probes for in vivo imaging. In the past few years, a number of intelligent molecular imaging probes with fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron electron tomography (PET) or photoacoustic imaging (PA) modality have been developed based on the in situ self-assembly strategy. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in the development of different modality imaging probes through controlling in situ self-assembly for in vivo imaging of enzymatic activity. This review starts from the brief introduction of two different chemical approaches amenable for in situ self-assembly, including (1) stimuli-mediated proteolysis and (2) stimuli-triggered biocompatible reaction. We then discuss their applications in the design of fluorescence, MRI, PET, PA, and bimodality imaging probes for in vivo imaging of different enzymes, such as caspase-3, furin, gelatinase and phosphatase. Finally, we discuss the current and prospective challenges in the stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly strategy for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Mosayebnia M, Hajiramezanali M, Shahhosseini S. Radiolabeled Peptides for Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7064-7089. [PMID: 32532184 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200612152655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a regulated cell death induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimulants. Tracking of apoptosis provides an opportunity for the assessment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as monitoring of cancer therapy at early stages. There are some key mediators in apoptosis cascade, which could be considered as specific targets for delivering imaging or therapeutic agents. The targeted radioisotope-based imaging agents are able to sensitively detect the physiological signal pathways which make them suitable for apoptosis imaging at a single-cell level. Radiopeptides take advantage of both the high sensitivity of nuclear imaging modalities and favorable features of peptide scaffolds. The aim of this study is to review the characteristics of those radiopeptides targeting apoptosis with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hajiramezanali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Zhang D, Jin Q, Jiang C, Gao M, Ni Y, Zhang J. Imaging Cell Death: Focus on Early Evaluation of Tumor Response to Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1025-1051. [PMID: 32150392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a prominent role in the treatment of cancer, because most anticancer therapies act by the induction of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and other pathways of cell death. Imaging cell death helps to identify treatment responders from nonresponders and thus enables patient-tailored therapy, which will increase the likelihood of treatment response and ultimately lead to improved patient survival. By taking advantage of molecular probes that specifically target the biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death, cell death imaging can be successfully achieved. In recent years, with the increased understanding of the molecular mechanism of cell death, a variety of well-defined biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death have been identified. By targeting these established cell death biomarkers/biochemical processes, a set of molecular imaging probes have been developed and evaluated for early monitoring treatment response in tumors. In this review, we mainly present the recent advances in identifying useful biomarkers/biochemical processes for both apoptosis and necrosis imaging and in developing molecular imaging probes targeting these biomarkers/biochemical processes, with a focus on their application in early evaluation of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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16
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Chen Z, Chen M, Zhou K, Rao J. Pre‐targeted Imaging of Protease Activity through In Situ Assembly of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
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17
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Chen Z, Chen M, Zhou K, Rao J. Pre-targeted Imaging of Protease Activity through In Situ Assembly of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7864-7870. [PMID: 32056345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pre-targeted imaging of enzyme activity has not been reported, likely owing to the lack of a mechanism to retain the injected substrate in the first step for subsequent labeling. Herein, we report the use of two bioorthogonal reactions-the condensation reaction of aromatic nitriles and aminothiols and the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-to develop a novel strategy for pre-targeted imaging of the activity of proteases. The substrate probe (TCO-C-SNAT4) can be selectively activated by an enzyme target (e.g. caspase-3/7), which triggers macrocyclization and subsequent in situ self-assembly into nanoaggregates retained at the target site. The tetrazine-imaging tag conjugate labels TCO in the nanoaggregates to generate selective signal retention for imaging in vitro, in cells, and in mice. Owing to the decoupling of enzyme activation and imaging tag immobilization, TCO-C-SNAT4 can be repeatedly injected to generate and accumulate more TCO-nanoaggregates for click labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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One-step 18F-fluorination of smart positron emission tomography tracer for sensing furin activity in tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:72-79. [PMID: 32109829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptide analogues have attracted considerable attention in the field of developing novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents due to their unique properties. Nevertheless, the complicated radiolabeling process and fast metabolism usually pose challenges to the clinical applications of peptide-based molecular probes. Herein a novel PET tracer containing a specific peptide sequence Arg-Val-Arg-Arg (RVRR), Acetyl-Arg-Val-Arg-Arg-Cys(StBu)-Gly(AMB[18F]F3)-CBT ([18F]1), was designed and radiosynthesized using a simple and convenient one-step 18F-fluorination procedure. The smart tracer can be activated by the protease furin and then undergoes an intermolecular cyclization reaction in tumor cells, leading to improved PET imaging efficiency of tumor. METHODS The radiosynthesis of the target tracer [18F]1 and the control tracer [18F]1-ctrl was performed under facile conditions in pyridazine-HCl buffer (pH~2.5) at 80 °C within 30 min. The enzyme-controlled condensation was studied for non-radioactive compound 1 in the human breast cancer cell lysates (MDA-MB-468). The cellular uptake of [18F]1 and [18F]1-ctrl was studied and compared by measuring the activity in MDA-MB-468 cells using a γ-counter after incubation with 37 kBq of [18F]1 or [18F]1-ctrl, respectively. In vivo behavior of [18F]1 was examined through PET imaging of MDA-MB-468 tumor-bearing mice and compared with that of [18F]1-ctrl as well as that of [18F]1 co-injected with non-radioactive compound 1. RESULTS The tracer [18F]1 was obtained with a high radiochemical yield (RCY) of 42.5 ± 1.47% and an excellent radiochemical purity (RCP > 99%). Under the activation of furin and GSH, the tracer suffered a condensation reaction to form dimers and then self-assembled into nanoparticles to produce enduring signal. The cellular uptake of [18F]1 and [18F]1-ctrl was determined to be 10.2 ± 0.37 and 1.19 ± 0.25%ID at 120 min, respectively. For in vivo PET imaging, [18F]1 exhibited the optimum tumor uptake of 2.39 ± 0.31%ID/g and the tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio of 2.93 ± 0.92 at 10 min post injection. Co-injection of [18F]1 and non-radioactive compound 1 produced a high tumor uptake ranging from 2.83 ± 0.23%ID/g to 3.40 ± 0.18%ID/g at 10 min and 60 min post injection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The one-step labeling method of tracer [18F]1 showed advantage in simplifying the radiolabeling process with high RCY, which could enable a real kit process for the synthesis of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals and was significant for the large-scale production of tracers for clinical applications. PET imaging results suggested that the tracer [18F]1 had good tumor uptake and the co-injection strategy of [18F]1 with 1 could enhance the imaging signal in tumor.
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Liu C, Li Y, Qin X, Yang Z, Luo J, Zhang J, Gray B, Pak KY, Xu X, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Early prediction of tumor response after radiotherapy in combination with cetuximab in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using 99m Tc-duramycin imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109947. [PMID: 32058215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 99mTc-duramycin imaging enables specific visualization of cell death qualitatively and quantitatively. This study aimed to investigate the potential of 99mTc-duramycin imaging in the early prediction of the curative effect of radiotherapy in combination with or without cetuximab in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) model. METHODS Male BALB/c mice bearing NPC xenografts were randomized into four groups (six mice each group). Group 1 received radiotherapy (RT, 15 Gy/mouse) in combination with cetuximab (CTX, 2 mg/mouse), group 2 received RT (15 Gy/mouse), group 3 was treated using CTX (2 mg/mouse), and group 4, the control group, was treated using a vehicle. 99mTc-duramycin imaging was performed before treatment and 24 h after treatment to evaluate tumor response. Tumor uptake of 99mTc-duramycin was validated ex vivo using γ-counting. Treatment response was further validated by cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Another four groups were treated parallelly under the same conditions to observe treatment response by tumor volume changes. RESULTS After 24 h treatment, 99mTc-duramycin uptake in the NPC tumor models were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.05), group 3 (P < 0.05), or group 4 (P < 0.05); the uptake also increased notably in comparison with baseline values (P < 0.05). Compared with group 4, group 2 and group 3 both showed significant 99mTc-duramycin uptake in the tumors (P < 0.05). Although the 99mTc-duramycin uptake of group 2 was moderately higher than group 3, there were no significant differences between these two groups (P >0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between tumor 99mTc-duramycin uptake and CC3 (r = 0.893, p < 0.0001) and TUNEL (r = 0.918, P < 0.0001). Tumor volume decreased remarkably in the RT in combination with CTX group on day 5, in the RT alone group on day 7, and was inhibited on day 8 in the CTX alone group, whereas the tumors grew continuously in the control group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that RT in combination with CTX treatment significantly improved disease control in a NPC xenograft model compared with monotherapy with either. 99mTc-duramycin imaging might be able to reliably identify response to RT in combination with CTX as early as 24 h after therapy initiation in NPC xenograft models. This might help to isolate non-responding patients in a timely manner and avoid unnecessary side effects in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Brian Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Vail DM, LeBlanc AK, Jeraj R. Advanced Cancer Imaging Applied in the Comparative Setting. Front Oncol 2020; 10:84. [PMID: 32117739 PMCID: PMC7019008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for companion (pet) species with spontaneously arising tumors to act as surrogates for preclinical development of advanced cancer imaging technologies has become more apparent in the last decade. The utility of the companion model specifically centers around issues related to body size (including spatial target/normal anatomic characteristics), physical size and spatial distribution of metastasis, tumor heterogeneity, the presence of an intact syngeneic immune system and a syngeneic tumor microenvironment shaped by the natural evolution of the cancer. Companion species size allows the use of similar equipment, hardware setup, software, and scan protocols which provide the opportunity for standardization and harmonization of imaging operating procedures and quality assurance across imaging protocols, imaging hardware, and the imaged species. Murine models generally do not replicate the size and spatial distribution of human metastatic cancer and these factors strongly influence image resolution and dosimetry. The following review will discuss several aspects of comparative cancer imaging in more detail while providing several illustrative examples of investigational approaches performed or currently under exploration at our institutions. Topics addressed include a discussion on interested consortia; image quality assurance and harmonization; image-based biomarker development and validation; contrast agent and radionuclide tracer development; advanced imaging to assess and predict response to cytotoxic and immunomodulatory anticancer agents; imaging of the tumor microenvironment; development of novel theranostic approaches; cell trafficking assessment via non-invasive imaging; and intraoperative imaging to inform surgical oncology decision making. Taken in totality, these comparative opportunities predict that safety, diagnostic and efficacy data generated in companion species with naturally developing and progressing cancers would better recapitulate the human cancer condition than that of artificial models in small rodent systems and ultimately accelerate the integration of novel imaging technologies into clinical practice. It is our hope that the examples presented should serve to provide those involved in cancer investigations who are unfamiliar with available comparative methodologies an understanding of the potential utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert Jeraj
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Chen Z, Chen M, Cheng Y, Kowada T, Xie J, Zheng X, Rao J. Exploring the Condensation Reaction between Aromatic Nitriles and Amino Thiols To Optimize In Situ Nanoparticle Formation for the Imaging of Proteases and Glycosidases in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3272-3279. [PMID: 31828913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The condensation reaction between 6-hydroxy-2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine has been shown for various applications such as site-specific protein labelling and in vivo cancer imaging. This report further expands the substrate scope of this reaction by varying the substituents on aromatic nitriles and amino thiols and testing their reactivity and ability to form nanoparticles for cell imaging. The structure-activity relationship study leads to the identification of the minimum structural requirement for the macrocyclization and assembly process in forming nanoparticles. One of the scaffolds made of 2-pyrimidinecarbonitrile and cysteine joined by a benzyl linker was applied to design fluorescent probes for imaging caspase-3/7 and β-galactosidase activity in live cells. These results demonstrate the generality of this system for imaging hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jinghang Xie
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Elvas F, Vanden Berghe T, Adriaenssens Y, Vandenabeele P, Augustyns K, Staelens S, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Wyffels L. Caspase-3 probes for PET imaging of apoptotic tumor response to anticancer therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:4801-4824. [PMID: 31033991 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process involved in the normal organism development and homeostasis. In the context of anticancer therapy, apoptosis is also studied intensively in an attempt to induce cell death in cancer cells. Caspase activation is a known key event in the apoptotic process. In particular, active caspase-3 and -7 are the common effectors in several apoptotic pathways, therefore effector caspase activation may be a promising biomarker for response evaluation to anticancer therapy. Quantitative imaging of apoptosis in vivo could provide early assessment of therapeutic effectiveness and could also be used in drug development to evaluate the efficacy as well as potential toxicity of novel treatments. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging modality that allows non-invasive in vivo imaging of biological processes such as apoptosis by using radiolabeled probes. Here we describe the development and evaluation of fluorine-18-labeled caspase-3 activity-based probes (ABPs) for PET imaging of apoptosis. ABPs were selected by screening of a small library of fluorine-19-labeled DEVD peptides containing different electrophilic warhead groups. An acyloxymethyl ketone was identified with low nanomolar affinity for caspase-3 and was radiolabeled with fluorine-18. The resulting radiotracer, [18F]MICA-302, showed good labeling of active caspase-3 in vitro and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. A μPET imaging experiment in colorectal tumor xenografts demonstrated an increased tumor accumulation of [18F]MICA-302 in drug-treated versus control animals. Therefore, our data suggest this radiotracer may be useful for clinical PET imaging of response to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Chen Z, Chen M, Cheng Y, Kowada T, Xie J, Zheng X, Rao J. Exploring the Condensation Reaction between Aromatic Nitriles and Amino Thiols To Optimize In Situ Nanoparticle Formation for the Imaging of Proteases and Glycosidases in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Jinghang Xie
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
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Jouberton E, Schmitt S, Chautard E, Maisonial-Besset A, Roy M, Radosevic-Robin N, Chezal JM, Miot-Noirault E, Bouvet Y, Cachin F. [ 18F]ML-10 PET imaging fails to assess early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 31907640 PMCID: PMC6944726 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological complete response to the neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is predictive of prolonged patient survival. Methods for early evaluation of NAT efficiency are still needed, in order to rapidly adjust the therapeutic strategy in case of initial non-response. One option for this is molecular imaging of apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the capacity of [18F]ML-10 PET imaging, an apoptosis radiotracer, to detect tumor cell apoptosis and early predict the therapeutic response of human TNBC. RESULTS Initially, the induction of apoptosis by different therapies was quantified. We confirmed, in vitro, that paclitaxel or epirubicin, the fundamental cytotoxic drugs for breast cancer, induce apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. Exposure of TNBC models MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 to these drugs induced a significant increase (p < 0.01) of the apoptotic hallmarks: DNA fragmentation, membrane phospholipid scrambling, and PARP activation. Secondarily, apoptotic fraction was compared to the intracellular accumulation of the radiotracer. [18F]ML-10 accumulated in the apoptotic cells after 72 h of treatment by paclitaxel in vitro; this accumulation positively correlated with the apoptotic fraction. In vivo, [18F]ML-10 was rapidly cleared from the nontarget organs and mainly eliminated by the kidneys. Comparison of the in vivo [18F]FDG, [18F]FMISO, and [18F]ML-10 uptakes revealed that the tumor accumulation of [18F]ML-10 was directly related to the tumor hypoxia level. Finally, after the in vivo treatment of TNBC murine xenografts by paclitaxel, apoptosis was well induced, as demonstrated by the cleaved caspase-3 levels; however, no significant increase of [18F]ML-10 accumulation in the tumors was observed, either on day 3 or day 6 after the end of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results highlighted that PET imaging using [18F]ML-10 allows the visualization of apoptotic cells in TNBC models. Nevertheless, the increase of the chemotherapy-induced apoptotic response when using paclitaxel could not be assessed using this radiotracer in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Jouberton
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Zionexa, Aubière, France
| | - Sébastien Schmitt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Département de Pathologie, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Roy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Département de Pathologie, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Florent Cachin
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Glaser M, Rajkumar V, Diocou S, Gendron T, Yan R, Sin PKB, Sander K, Carroll L, Pedley RB, Aboagye EO, Witney TH, Årstad E. One-Pot Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caspase-3 Selective 5-[ 123,125I]iodo-1,2,3-triazole derived Isatin SPECT Tracer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19299. [PMID: 31848442 PMCID: PMC6917698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is often necessary for successful cancer therapy, and the non-invasive monitoring of apoptosis post-therapy could assist in clinical decision making. Isatins are a class of compounds that target activated caspase-3 during apoptosis. Here we report the synthesis of the 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole (FITI) analog of the PET tracer [18F]ICMT11 as a candidate tracer for imaging of apoptosis with SPECT, as well as PET. Labelling with radioiodine (123,125I) was achieved in 55 ± 12% radiochemical yield through a chelator-accelerated one-pot cycloaddition reaction mediated by copper(I) catalysis. The caspase-3 binding affinity and selectivity of FITI compares favourably to that of [18F]ICMT11 (Ki = 6.1 ± 0.9 nM and 12.4 ± 4.7 nM, respectively). In biodistribution studies, etoposide-induced cell death in a SW1222 xenograft model resulted in a 2-fold increase in tumour uptake of the tracer. However, the tumour uptake was too low to allow in vivo imaging of apoptosis with SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glaser
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seckou Diocou
- UCL, Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Yan
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Kwan Brian Sin
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom.
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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Hartshorn CM, Russell LM, Grodzinski P. National Cancer Institute Alliance for nanotechnology in cancer-Catalyzing research and translation toward novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1570. [PMID: 31257722 PMCID: PMC6788937 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a burgeoning research field, which is finding compelling applications in several practical areas of everyday life. It has provided novel, paradigm shifting solutions to medical problems and particularly to cancer. In order to accelerate integration of nanotechnology into cancer research and oncology, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer program in 2005. This effort brought together scientists representing physical sciences, chemistry, and engineering working at the nanoscale with biologists and clinicians working on cancer to form a uniquely multidisciplinary cancer nanotechnology research community. The last 14 years of the program have produced a remarkable body of scientific discovery and demonstrated its utility to the development of practical cancer interventions. This paper takes stock of how the Alliance program influenced melding of disparate research disciplines into the field of nanomedicine and cancer nanotechnology, has been highly productive in the scientific arena, and produced a mechanism of seamless transfer of novel technologies developed in academia to the clinical and commercial space. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Hartshorn
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Luisa M. Russell
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Qiu L, Wang W, Li K, Peng Y, Lv G, Liu Q, Gao F, Seimbille Y, Xie M, Lin J. Rational design of caspase-responsive smart molecular probe for positron emission tomography imaging of drug-induced apoptosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:6962-6975. [PMID: 31660080 PMCID: PMC6815954 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis is very important for early evaluation of tumor therapeutic efficacy. A stimuli-responsive probe based on the peptide sequence Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD), [18F]DEVD-Cys(StBu)-PPG(CBT)-AmBF3 ([18F]1), for PET imaging of tumor apoptosis was designed and prepared. This study aimed to develop a novel smart probe using a convenient radiosynthesis method and to fully examine the sensitivity and specificity of the probe response to the tumor treatment. Methods: The radiolabelling precursor DEVD-Cys(StBu)-PPG(CBT)-AmBF3 (1) was synthesized through multistep reactions. The reduction together with caspase-controlled macrocyclization and self-assembly of 1 was characterized and validated in vitro. After [18F]fluorination in the buffer (pH= 2.5), the radiolabelling yield (RLY), radiochemical purity (RCP) and stability of the probe [18F]1 in PBS and mouse serum were investigated by radio-HPLC. The sensitivity and specificity of [18F]1 for detecting the drug-induced apoptosis was fully evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effect of cold precursor 1 on the cell uptake and tumor imaging of [18F]1 was also assessed. The level of activated caspase-3 in Hela cells and tumors with or without apoptosis induction was analyzed and compared by western blotting and histological staining. Results: The whole radiosynthesis process of [18F]1 was around 25 min with RLY of 50%, RCP of over 99% and specific activity of 1.45 ± 0.4 Ci/µmol. The probe was very stable in both PBS and mouse serum within 4 h. It can be activated by caspase-3 and then undergo an intermolecular cyclization to form nanosized particles. The retained [18F]1 in DOX-treated HeLa cells was 2.2 folds of that in untreated cells. Within 1 h microPET imaging of the untreated Hela-bearing mice, the injection of [18F]1 resulted in the increase of the uptake ratio of tumor to muscle (T/M) only from 1.74 to 2.18, while in the DOX-treated Hela-bearing mice T/M increased from 1.88 to 10.52 and the co-injection of [18F]1 and 1 even led to the increase of T/M from 3.08 to 14.81. Conclusions: A caspase-responsive smart PET probe [18F]1 was designed and prepared in a kit-like manner. Co-injection of [18F]1 and 1 generated remarkably enhanced tumor uptake and signal-to-noise ratio in the tumor-bearing mice with drug-induced apoptosis, which correlated well with the expression level of activated caspase-3. This early readout of treatment response ensured that the probe [18F]1 could serve as a promising PET imaging probe for timely and noninvasive evaluation of tumor therapy.
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28
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Greenwood HE, McCormick PN, Gendron T, Glaser M, Pereira R, Maddocks ODK, Sander K, Zhang T, Koglin N, Lythgoe MF, Årstad E, Hochhauser D, Witney TH. Measurement of Tumor Antioxidant Capacity and Prediction of Chemotherapy Resistance in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2471-2482. [PMID: 30651275 PMCID: PMC6522377 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug resistance is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Currently, there is no satisfactory way to identify patients with HGSOC that are refractive to the standard of care. Here, we propose the system xc - radiotracer (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]FSPG) as a non-invasive method to measure upregulated antioxidant pathways present in drug-resistant HGSOC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using matched chemotherapy sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, we assessed their antioxidant capacity and its relation to [18F]FSPG uptake, both in cells and in animal models of human ovarian cancer. We identified the mechanisms driving differential [18F]FSPG cell accumulation and evaluated [18F]FSPG tumor uptake as predictive marker of treatment response in drug-resistant tumors. RESULTS High intracellular glutathione (GSH) and low reactive oxygen species corresponded to decreased [18F]FSPG cell accumulation in drug-resistant versus drug-sensitive cells. Decreased [18F]FSPG uptake in drug-resistant cells was a consequence of changes in intracellular cystine, a key precursor in GSH biosynthesis. In vivo, [18F]FSPG uptake was decreased nearly 80% in chemotherapy-resistant A2780 tumors compared with parental drug-sensitive tumors, with nonresponding tumors displaying high levels of oxidized-to-reduced GSH. Treatment of drug-resistant A2780 tumors with doxorubicin resulted in no detectable change in tumor volume, GSH, or [18F]FSPG uptake. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability of [18F]FSPG to detect upregulated antioxidant pathways present in drug-resistant cancer. [18F]FSPG may therefore enable the identification of patients with HGSOC that are refractory to standard of care, allowing the transferal of drug-resistant patients to alternative therapies, thereby improving outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Greenwood
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N McCormick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raul Pereira
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Zhang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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29
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Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis with a Caspase-Sensitive Nano-Aggregation Tracer [ 18F]C-SNAT. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1790:181-195. [PMID: 29858792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7860-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular apoptosis is an important criterion for evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapies. We have developed a new small molecule probe ([18F]C-SNAT) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis. [18F]C-SNAT, when activated by caspase-3 and glutathione reduction, undergoes intramolecular cyclization followed by self-assembly to form nano-aggregates in apoptotic cells. This unique mechanism creates preferential retention of gamma radiation signals in targeted cells and thus enables the detection of apoptosis using PET, a sensitive and clinically practical technique. This protocol describes the chemical synthesis, radiolabeling and PET imaging of apoptosis using this probe.
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30
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Vassileva V, Stribbling SM, Barnes C, Carroll L, Braga M, Abrahams J, Heinzmann K, Haegeman C, MacFarlane M, Simpson KL, Dive C, Honeychurch J, Illidge TM, Aboagye EO. Evaluation of apoptosis imaging biomarkers in a genetic model of cell death. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:18. [PMID: 30783791 PMCID: PMC6381199 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously developed the caspase-based radiotracer, 18F-ICMT-11, for PET imaging to monitor treatment response. We further validated 18F-ICMT-11 specificity in a murine melanoma death-switch tumour model with conditional activation of caspase-3 induced by doxycycline. METHODS Caspase-3/7 activity and cellular uptake of 18F-ICMT-11, 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG were assessed in B16ova and B16ovaRevC3 cells after death-switch induction. Death-switch induction was confirmed in vivo in xenograft tumours, and 18F-ICMT-11 and 18F-ML-10 biodistribution was assessed by ex vivo gamma counting of select tissues. PET imaging was performed with 18F-ICMT-11, 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG. Caspase-3 activation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significantly increased caspase-3/7 activity was observed only in B16ovaRevC3 cells after death-switch induction, accompanied by significantly increased 18F-ICMT-11 (p < 0.001) and 18F-ML-10 (p < 0.05) and decreased 18F-FDG (p < 0.001) uptake compared with controls. B16ova and B16ovaRevC3 tumours had similar growth in vivo; however, B16ovaRevC3 growth was significantly reduced with death-switch induction (p < 0.01). Biodistribution studies showed significantly increased 18F-ICMT-11 tumour uptake following death-switch induction (p < 0.01), but not for 18F-ML-10. Tumour uptake of 18F-ICMT-11 was higher than that of 18F-ML-10 after death-switch induction. PET imaging studies showed that 18F-ICMT-11 can be used to detect apoptosis after death-switch induction, which was accompanied by significantly increased expression of cleaved caspase-3. 18F-FDG signal decreased in tumours after death-switch induction. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 18F-ICMT-11 can be used to detect caspase-3 activation in a death-switch tumour model, independent of the confounding effects of cancer therapeutics, thus confirming its specificity and supporting the development of this radiotracer for clinical use to monitor tumour apoptosis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Vassileva
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Stephen M. Stribbling
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Marta Braga
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Joel Abrahams
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Kathrin Heinzmann
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Caroline Haegeman
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - Kathryn L. Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG UK
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy M. Illidge
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
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31
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Dubash SR, Merchant S, Heinzmann K, Mauri F, Lavdas I, Inglese M, Kozlowski K, Rama N, Masrour N, Steel JF, Thornton A, Lim AK, Lewanski C, Cleator S, Coombes RC, Kenny L, Aboagye EO. Clinical translation of [ 18F]ICMT-11 for measuring chemotherapy-induced caspase 3/7 activation in breast and lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:2285-2299. [PMID: 30259091 PMCID: PMC6208806 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective anticancer therapy is thought to involve induction of tumour cell death through apoptosis and/or necrosis. [18F]ICMT-11, an isatin sulfonamide caspase-3/7-specific radiotracer, has been developed for PET imaging and shown to have favourable dosimetry, safety, and biodistribution. We report the translation of [18F]ICMT-11 PET to measure chemotherapy-induced caspase-3/7 activation in breast and lung cancer patients receiving first-line therapy. RESULTS Breast tumour SUVmax of [18F]ICMT-11 was low at baseline and unchanged following therapy. Measurement of M30/M60 cytokeratin-18 cleavage products showed that therapy was predominantly not apoptosis in nature. While increases in caspase-3 staining on breast histology were seen, post-treatment caspase-3 positivity values were only approximately 1%; this low level of caspase-3 could have limited sensitive detection by [18F]ICMT-11-PET. Fourteen out of 15 breast cancer patients responded to first-line chemotherapy (complete or partial response); one patient had stable disease. Four patients showed increases in regions of high tumour [18F]ICMT-11 intensity on voxel-wise analysis of tumour data (classed as PADS); response was not exclusive to patients with this phenotype. In patients with lung cancer, multi-parametric [18F]ICMT-11 PET and MRI (diffusion-weighted- and dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI) showed that PET changes were concordant with cell death in the absence of significant perfusion changes. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential use of [18F]ICMT-11 PET as a promising candidate for non-invasive imaging of caspase3/7 activation, and the difficulties encountered in assessing early-treatment responses. We summarize that tumour response could occur in the absence of predominant chemotherapy-induced caspase-3/7 activation measured non-invasively across entire tumour lesions in patients with breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Dubash
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - S Merchant
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - K Heinzmann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - F Mauri
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I Lavdas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - M Inglese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy
| | - K Kozlowski
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - N Rama
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - N Masrour
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - J F Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - A Thornton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK
| | - A K Lim
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Lewanski
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Cleator
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R C Coombes
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Kenny
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London, W120NN, UK.
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32
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SPECT Imaging of Treatment-Related Tumor Necrosis Using Technetium-99m-Labeled Rhein. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:660-668. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes are a large class of biological catalysts that play a vital role in a plethora of critical biochemical processes required to maintain human health. However, the expression and/or activity of these important enzymes can change in many different diseases and therefore represent exciting targets for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers. This review focuses on recently reported radiolabeled substrates, reversible inhibitors, and irreversible inhibitors investigated as PET and SPECT tracers for imaging hydrolytic enzymes. By learning from the most successful examples of tracer development for hydrolytic enzymes, it appears that an early focus on careful enzyme kinetics and cell-based studies are key factors for identifying potentially useful new molecular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Rempel
- 1 Department of Science, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,3 Biomarker Discovery, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Demirci E, Ahmed R, Ocak M, Latoche J, Radelet A, DeBlasio N, Mason NS, Anderson CJ, Mountz JM. Preclinical Evaluation of 18F-ML-10 to Determine Timing of Apoptotic Response to Chemotherapy in Solid Tumors. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012116685941. [PMID: 28654376 PMCID: PMC5469516 DOI: 10.1177/1536012116685941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis posttherapy to determine optimal timing for predicting chemotherapy response in a mouse head/neck xenograft cancer model. Procedures: BALB/c nude mice (4-8 weeks old) were implanted with UM-SCC-22B tumors. The treatment group received 2 doses of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg, days 0, 2). Small animal 18F-ML-10 PET/computed tomography was performed before and on days 1, 3, and 7 postchemotherapy. Using regions of interest around tumors, 18F-ML-10 uptake change was measured as %ID/g and uptake relative to liver. Terminal Uridine Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemistry assay was performed using tumor samples of baseline and on days 1, 3, and 7 posttreatment. Results: Treated mice demonstrated increased 18F-ML-10 uptake compared to baseline and controls, and 10 of 13 mice showed tumor volume decreases. All control mice showed tumor volume increases. Tumor-to-liver (T/L) ratios from the control group mice did not show significant change from baseline (P > .05); however, T/L ratios of the treatment group showed significant 18F-ML-10 uptake differences from baseline compared to days 3 and 7 posttreatment (P < .05), but no significant difference at 1 day posttreatment. Conclusion: 2-(5-Fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid PET imaging has the potential for early assessment of treatment-induced apoptosis. Timing and image analysis strategies may require optimization, depending on the type of tumor and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Demirci
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meltem Ocak
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph Latoche
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - April Radelet
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole DeBlasio
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Scott Mason
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,6 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - James M Mountz
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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35
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Rybczynska AA, Boersma HH, de Jong S, Gietema JA, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Avenues to molecular imaging of dying cells: Focus on cancer. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528513 PMCID: PMC6220832 DOI: 10.1002/med.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients requires balancing of the dose, timing, and type of therapeutic regimen. Detection of increased cell death may serve as a predictor of the eventual therapeutic success. Imaging of cell death may thus lead to early identification of treatment responders and nonresponders, and to “patient‐tailored therapy.” Cell death in organs and tissues of the human body can be visualized, using positron emission tomography or single‐photon emission computed tomography, although unsolved problems remain concerning target selection, tracer pharmacokinetics, target‐to‐nontarget ratio, and spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Phosphatidylserine exposure by dying cells has been the most extensively studied imaging target. However, visualization of this process with radiolabeled Annexin A5 has not become routine in the clinical setting. Classification of death modes is no longer based only on cell morphology but also on biochemistry, and apoptosis is no longer found to be the preponderant mechanism of cell death after antitumor therapy, as was earlier believed. These conceptual changes have affected radiochemical efforts. Novel probes targeting changes in membrane permeability, cytoplasmic pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, or caspase activation have recently been explored. In this review, we discuss molecular changes in tumors which can be targeted to visualize cell death and we propose promising biomarkers for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rybczynska
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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36
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Preclinical Evaluation of Radioiodinated Hoechst 33258 for Early Prediction of Tumor Response to Treatment of Vascular-Disrupting Agents. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:5237950. [PMID: 29681781 PMCID: PMC5846351 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5237950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the use of 131I-Hoechst 33258 (131I-H33258) for early prediction of tumor response to vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs) with combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P) as a representative. Necrosis avidity of 131I-H33258 was evaluated in mouse models with muscle necrosis and blocking was used to confirm the tracer specificity. Therapy response was evaluated by 131I-H33258 SPECT/CT imaging 24 h after CA4P therapy in W256 tumor-bearing rats. Radiotracer uptake in tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting, autoradiography, and histopathological staining. Results showed that 131I-H33258 had predominant necrosis avidity and could specifically bind to necrotic tissue. SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated that an obvious “hot spot” could be observed in the CA4P-treated tumor. Ex vivo γ-counting revealed 131I-H33258 uptake in tumors was increased 2.8-fold in rats treated with CA4P relative to rats treated with vehicle. Autoradiography and corresponding H&E staining suggested that 131I-H33258 was mainly localized in necrotic tumor area and the higher overall uptake in the treated tumors was attributed to the increased necrosis. These results suggest that 131I-H33258 can be used to image induction of cell necrosis 24 h after CA4P therapy, which support further molecular design of probes based on scaffold H33258 for monitoring of tumor response to VDAs treatment.
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Hartshorn CM, Bradbury MS, Lanza GM, Nel AE, Rao J, Wang AZ, Wiesner UB, Yang L, Grodzinski P. Nanotechnology Strategies To Advance Outcomes in Clinical Cancer Care. ACS NANO 2018; 12:24-43. [PMID: 29257865 PMCID: PMC6589353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing research into the application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment and diagnosis has demonstrated its advantages within contemporary oncology as well as its intrinsic limitations. The National Cancer Institute publishes the Cancer Nanotechnology Plan every 5 years since 2005. The most recent iteration helped codify the ongoing basic and translational efforts of the field and displayed its breadth with several evolving areas. From merely a technological perspective, this field has seen tremendous growth and success. However, an incomplete understanding of human cancer biology persists relative to the application of nanoscale materials within contemporary oncology. As such, this review presents several evolving areas in cancer nanotechnology in order to identify key clinical and biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve patient outcomes. From this clinical perspective, a sampling of the nano-enabled solutions attempting to overcome barriers faced by traditional therapeutics and diagnostics in the clinical setting are discussed. Finally, a strategic outlook of the future is discussed to highlight the need for next-generation cancer nanotechnology tools designed to address critical gaps in clinical cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hartshorn
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Corresponding Author,
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Andre E Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew Z. Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14843, United States
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Corresponding Author,
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38
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Palmieri L, Elvas F, Vangestel C, Pak K, Gray B, Stroobants S, Staelens S, wyffels L. [ 99m Tc]duramycin for cell death imaging: Impact of kit formulation, purification and species difference. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 56:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Liu M, Zheng S, Zhang X, Guo H, Shi X, Kang X, Qu Y, Hu Z, Tian J. Cerenkov luminescence imaging on evaluation of early response to chemotherapy of drug-resistant gastric cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:205-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Wang Y, An R, Luo Z, Ye D. Firefly Luciferin-Inspired Biocompatible Chemistry for Protein Labeling and In Vivo Imaging. Chemistry 2017; 24:5707-5722. [PMID: 29068109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible reactions have emerged as versatile tools to build various molecular imaging probes that hold great promise for the detection of biological processes in vitro and/or in vivo. In this Minireview, we describe the recent advances in the development of a firefly luciferin-inspired biocompatible reaction between cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine (Cys), and highlight its versatility to label proteins and build multimodality molecular imaging probes. The review starts from the general introduction of biocompatible reactions, which is followed by briefly describing the development of the firefly luciferin-inspired biocompatible chemistry. We then discuss its applications for the specific protein labeling and for the development of multimodality imaging probes (fluorescence, bioluminescence, MRI, PET, photoacoustic, etc.) that enable high sensitivity and spatial resolution imaging of redox environment, furin and caspase-3/7 activity in living cells and mice. Finally, we offer the conclusions and our perspective on the various and potential applications of this reaction. We hope that this review will contribute to the research of biocompatible reactions for their versatile applications in protein labeling and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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41
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Alaarg A, Pérez-Medina C, Metselaar JM, Nahrendorf M, Fayad ZA, Storm G, Mulder WJM. Applying nanomedicine in maladaptive inflammation and angiogenesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:143-158. [PMID: 28506745 PMCID: PMC5682240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and angiogenesis drive the development and progression of multiple devastating diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Though these diseases have very different phenotypic consequences, they possess several common pathophysiological features in which monocyte recruitment, macrophage polarization, and enhanced vascular permeability play critical roles. Thus, developing rational targeting strategies tailored to the different stages of the journey of monocytes, from bone marrow to local lesions, and their extravasation from the vasculature in diseased tissues will advance nanomedicine. The integration of in vivo imaging uniquely allows studying nanoparticle kinetics, accumulation, clearance, and biological activity, at levels ranging from subcellular to an entire organism, and will shed light on the fate of intravenously administered nanomedicines. We anticipate that convergence of nanomedicines, biomedical engineering, and life sciences will help to advance clinically relevant therapeutics and diagnostic agents for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Alaarg
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Anderson C, Cui H. Protease-Sensitive Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapeutics and Imaging. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017; 56:5761-5777. [PMID: 28572701 PMCID: PMC5445504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases can be characterized by the abnormal activity exhibited by various biomolecules, the targeting of which can provide therapeutic and diagnostic utility. Recent trends in medicine and nanotechnology have prompted the development of protease-sensitive nanomaterials systems for therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic applications. These systems can act specifically in response to the target enzyme and its associated disease conditions, thus enabling personalized treatment and improved prognosis. In this Review, we discuss recent advancements in the development of protease-responsive materials for imaging and drug delivery and analyze several representative systems to illustrate their key design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb
F. Anderson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center
for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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43
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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44
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Elvas F, Boddaert J, Vangestel C, Pak K, Gray B, Kumar-Singh S, Staelens S, Stroobants S, Wyffels L. 99mTc-Duramycin SPECT Imaging of Early Tumor Response to Targeted Therapy: A Comparison with 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:665-670. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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46
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Witney TH, James ML, Shen B, Chang E, Pohling C, Arksey N, Hoehne A, Shuhendler A, Park JH, Bodapati D, Weber J, Gowrishankar G, Rao J, Chin FT, Gambhir SS. PET imaging of tumor glycolysis downstream of hexokinase through noninvasive measurement of pyruvate kinase M2. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:310ra169. [PMID: 26491079 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet increased biosynthetic demands, commensurate with elevated rates of replication. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the final and rate-limiting step in tumor glycolysis, controlling the balance between energy production and the synthesis of metabolic precursors. We report here the synthesis and evaluation of a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, [(11)C]DASA-23, that provides a direct noninvasive measure of PKM2 expression in preclinical models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In vivo, orthotopic U87 and GBM39 patient-derived tumors were clearly delineated from the surrounding normal brain tissue by PET imaging, corresponding to exclusive tumor-associated PKM2 expression. In addition, systemic treatment of mice with the PKM2 activator TEPP-46 resulted in complete abrogation of the PET signal in intracranial GBM39 tumors. Together, these data provide the basis for the clinical evaluation of imaging agents that target this important gatekeeper of tumor glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Witney
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA. Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Christoph Pohling
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Natasha Arksey
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Adam Shuhendler
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Jun-Hyung Park
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Deepika Bodapati
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Gayatri Gowrishankar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA. Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 943065, USA.
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47
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Elvas F, Vangestel C, Pak K, Vermeulen P, Gray B, Stroobants S, Staelens S, Wyffels L. Early Prediction of Tumor Response to Treatment: Preclinical Validation of 99mTc-Duramycin. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:805-11. [PMID: 26837335 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Noninvasive imaging of cell death can provide an early indication of the efficacy of tumor treatment, aiding clinicians in distinguishing responding patients from nonresponding patients early on. (99m)Tc-duramycin is a SPECT tracer for cell death imaging. In this study, our aim was to validate the use of (99m)Tc-duramycin for imaging the early response of tumors to treatment. METHODS An in vitro binding assay was performed on COLO205 cells treated with 5-fluorouracil (3.1, 31, or 310 μM) and oxaliplatin (0.7 or 7 μM) or radiation (2 or 4.5 Gy). (99m)Tc-duramycin cell binding and the levels of cell death were evaluated after treatment. In vivo imaging was performed on 4 groups of CD1-deficient mice bearing COLO205 human colorectal cancer tumors. Each group included 6 tumors. The first group was given irinotecan (100 mg/kg), the second oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg), the third irinotecan (80 mg/kg) plus oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg), and the fourth vehicle (0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose). For radiotherapy studies, COLO205 tumors received 4.5 Gy, 2 fractions of 4.5 Gy in a 24-h interval, pretreatment with an 80 mg/kg dose of irinotecan combined with 2 fractions of 4.5 Gy in a 24-h interval, or no treatment (n = 5-6/group). Therapy response was evaluated by (99m)Tc-duramycin SPECT 24 h after the last dose of therapy. Blocking was used to confirm tracer specificity. Radiotracer uptake in the tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting, cleaved caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) histology. RESULTS Chemotherapy and radiotherapy increased (99m)Tc-duramycin binding to COLO205 cells in a concentration/dose- and time-dependent manner, which correlated well with cell death levels (P < 0.05) as analyzed by annexin V and caspase 3/7 activity. In vivo, (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in COLO205 xenografts was increased 2.3- and 2.8-fold (P < 0.001) in mice treated with irinotecan and combination therapy, respectively. Blocking with unlabeled duramycin demonstrated specific binding of the radiotracer. After tumor irradiation with 4.5 Gy, (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in tumors increased significantly (1.24 ± 0.07 vs. 0.57 ± 0.08 percentage injected dose per gram in the unirradiated tumors; P < 0.001). γ-counting of radioactivity in the tumors positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and TUNEL (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) staining. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that (99m)Tc-duramycin can be used to image induction of cell death early after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It holds potential to be translated into clinical use for early assessment of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Koon Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Pathology, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brian Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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48
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Abstract
Genetically-encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporters are powerful tools to analyze cell signaling and function at single cell resolution in standard two-dimensional cell cultures, but these reporters rarely have been applied to three-dimensional environments. FRET interactions between donor and acceptor molecules typically are determined by changes in relative fluorescence intensities, but wavelength-dependent differences in absorption of light complicate this analysis method in three-dimensional settings. Here we report fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with phasor analysis, a method that displays fluorescence lifetimes on a pixel-wise basis in real time, to quantify apoptosis in breast cancer cells stably expressing a genetically encoded FRET reporter. This microscopic imaging technology allowed us to identify treatment-induced apoptosis in single breast cancer cells in environments ranging from two-dimensional cell culture, spheroids with cancer and bone marrow stromal cells, and living mice with orthotopic human breast cancer xenografts. Using this imaging strategy, we showed that combined metabolic therapy targeting glycolysis and glutamine pathways significantly reduced overall breast cancer metabolism and induced apoptosis. We also determined that distinct subpopulations of bone marrow stromal cells control resistance of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy, suggesting heterogeneity of treatment responses of malignant cells in different bone marrow niches. Overall, this study establishes FLIM with phasor analysis as an imaging tool for apoptosis in cell-based assays and living mice, enabling real-time, cellular-level assessment of treatment efficacy and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary D. Luker
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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