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Tang Z, Li J, Lu B, Zhang X, Yang L, Qi Y, Jiang S, Wu Q, Wang Y, Cheng T, Xu M, Sun P, Wang X, Miao K, Wu H, Huang J. CircBIRC6 facilitates the malignant progression via miR-488/GRIN2D-mediated CAV1-autophagy signal axis in gastric cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107127. [PMID: 38438090 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel class of non-coding RNAs that play significant roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. High-throughput sequencing of gastric cancer (GC) tissues has identified circRNA BIRC6 (circBIRC6) as a potential circRNA derived from the BIRC6 gene, exhibiting significant upregulation in GC tissues. The expression of circBIRC6 is notably elevated in GC patients. Functionally, it acts as a molecular sponge for miR-488, consequently upregulating GRIN2D expression and promoting GC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of circBIRC6 leads to increased GRIN2D expression, which in turn enhances caveolin-1 (CAV1) expression, resulting in autophagy deficiency due to miR-488 sequestration. This cascade of events significantly influences tumorigenesis in vivo. Our findings collectively illustrate that the CircBIRC6-miR-488-GRIN2D axis fosters CAV1 expression in GC cells, thereby reducing autophagy levels. Both circBIRC6 and GRIN2D emerge as potential targets for treatment and independent prognostic factors for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jieying Li
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Sutian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yingjing Wang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Manyu Xu
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kai Miao
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Han Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Li Z, Ning K, Zhao D, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Long X, Yang Z, Chen D, Cai X, Hong L, Zhang L, Zhou F, Wang J, Li Y. Targeting the Metabolic Enzyme PGAM2 Overcomes Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by Inhibiting BCL2 Signaling. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3753-3766. [PMID: 37676279 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The next-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor enzalutamide is the mainstay treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Unfortunately, resistance occurs rapidly in most patients, and once resistance occurs, treatment options are limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify effective targets to overcome enzalutamide resistance. Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library screen, we found that targeting a glycolytic enzyme, phosphoglycerate mutase PGAM2, significantly enhanced the sensitivity of enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of PGAM2 together with enzalutamide treatment triggered apoptosis by decreasing levels of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-xL and increasing activity of the proapoptotic protein BAD. Mechanistically, PGAM2 bound to 14-3-3ζ and promoted its interaction with phosphorylated BAD, resulting in activation of BCL-xL and subsequent resistance to enzalutamide-induced apoptosis. In addition, high PGAM2 expression, which is transcriptionally regulated by AR, was associated with shorter survival and rapid development of enzalutamide resistance in patients with prostate cancer. Together, these findings provide evidence of a nonmetabolic function of PGAM2 in promoting enzalutamide resistance and identify PGAM2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE PGAM2 promotes resistance to enzalutamide by activating antiapoptotic BCL-xL and suppressing apoptosis, indicating that PGAM2 is a potential target for overcoming enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diwei Zhao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingbo Long
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - XinYang Cai
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexuan Hong
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Gao K, Li X, Ni J, Wu B, Guo J, Zhang R, Wu G. Non-coding RNAs in enzalutamide resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216247. [PMID: 37263338 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide (Enz) is a next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Unfortunately, the relapsing nature of CRPC results in the development of Enz resistance in many patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, which include microRNAs (miRNA), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other ncRNAs with known and unknown functions. Recently, dysregulation of ncRNAs in CRPC, particularly their regulatory function in drug resistance, has attracted more and more attention. Herein, we introduce the roles of dysregulation of different ncRNAs subclasses in the development of CRPC progression and Enz resistance. Recently determined mechanisms of Enz resistance are discussed, focusing mainly on the role of AR-splice variant-7 (AR-V7), mutations, circRNAs and lncRNAs that act as miRNA sponges. Also, the contributions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and glucose metabolism to Enz resistance are discussed. We summarize the different mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in the progression of CRPC and Enz resistance, and highlight the prospect of future therapeutic strategies against Enz resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Humans
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/therapeutic use
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Nitriles
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xiaoshun Li
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Jianxin Ni
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Jiaheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
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Li Y, Zhu S, Chen Y, Ma Q, Kan D, Yu W, Zhang B, Chen X, Wei W, Shao Y, Wang K, Zhang M, Deng S, Niu Y, Shang Z. Post-transcriptional modification of m 6A methylase METTL3 regulates ERK-induced androgen-deprived treatment resistance prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:289. [PMID: 37095108 PMCID: PMC10126012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
As the most common modification of RNA, N6-methyladenosin (m6A) has been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers. However, the relationship between m6A and castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC), has not been fully studied. By m6A-sequencing of patient cancer tissues, we identified that the overall level of m6A in CRPC was up-regulated than castration sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Based on the analysis of m6A-sequencing data, we found m6A modification level of HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase (HRAS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MEK2 or MAP2K2) were enhanced in CRPC. Specifically, tissue microarray analysis and molecular biology experiments confirmed that METTL3, an m6A "writer" up-regulated after castration, activated the ERK pathway to contribute to malignant phenotype including ADT resistance, cell proliferation and invasion. We revealed that METTL3-mediated ERK phosphorylation by stabilizing the transcription of HRAS and positively regulating the translation of MEK2. In the Enzalutamide-resistant (Enz-R) C4-2 and LNCap cell line (C4-2R, LNCapR) established in the current study, the ERK pathway was confirmed to be regulated by METTL3. We also found that applying antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target the METTL3/ERK axis can restore Enzalutamide resistance in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, METTL3 activated the ERK pathway and induced the resistance to Enzalutamide by regulating the m6A level of critical gene transcription in the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianwang Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Duo Kan
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyue Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanrong Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- Lianshui People's Hospital of Kangda College affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Deng
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Role of BIRC6 Serum Level. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5425478. [PMID: 36033570 PMCID: PMC9410788 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5425478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Different factors are involved in the incidence, etiology, metastasis, diagnosis, and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma, including apoptosis inhibitor proteins. Baculoviral IAP repeat containing protein 6 (BIRC6) is one of the apoptosis inhibitor proteins contributing to cancer cells' survival in many cancer types with diagnostic and treatment importance. This study is aimed at assessing the serum level of BIRC6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 60 serum samples were collected from 45 male and 15 female patients with a mean age of 61 years as the case group and 28 serum samples of healthy people as a control group. The serum samples were analyzed using a commercial sandwich ELISA kit. Results There were no significant differences between BIRC6 serum levels in patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, we did not observe any significant relationships between BIRC6 serum levels and the patients' demographic or clinical characteristics. Conclusions There was no significant difference in serum BIRC6 levels in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy individuals. Its use in determining the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma or considering it a determinant marker in this type of cancer may not have a place. More in-depth studies for evaluating BIRC6 serum levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients are recommended for better insight into this protein's role in diagnosing, progression, and prognosis of the disease.
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Second-Generation Antiandrogen Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Actual Knowledge and Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10020025. [PMID: 35645241 PMCID: PMC9149952 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer therapy for locally advanced and metastatic diseases includes androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Second-generation antiandrogens have a role in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nevertheless, some patients do not respond to this therapy, and eventually all the patients became resistant. This is due to modifications to intracellular signaling pathways, genomic alteration, cytokines production, metabolic switches, constitutional receptor activation, overexpression of some proteins, and regulation of gene expression. The aim of this review is to define the most important mechanisms that drive this resistance and the newest discoveries in this field, specifically for enzalutamide and abiraterone, with potential implications for future therapeutic targets. Furthermore, apalutamide and darolutamide share some resistance mechanisms with abiraterone and enzalutamide and could be useful in some resistance settings.
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Zhou L, Wang B, Zhang Y, Yao K, Liu B. Silencing circ‑BIRC6 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells by targeting the miR‑495‑3p/XBP1 signaling axis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:811. [PMID: 34542161 PMCID: PMC8477182 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate gene expression by acting as a 'sponge' for microRNAs (miRs) and play crucial roles in tumorigenesis, including in bladder cancer (BC). circRNA‑baculoviral IAP repeat‑containing 6 (circ‑BIRC6) has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of several cancer types. The present study aimed to elucidate the roles and potential mechanisms of circ‑BIRC6 in the progression of BC. circ‑BIRC6 expression levels in BC cell lines were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Following circ‑BIRC6 knockdown, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were detected using Cell Counting Kit‑8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Western blotting was also conducted to evaluate the expression levels of X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑associated proteins. In addition, rescue experiments were performed using by transfecting a miR‑495‑3p inhibitor into T24 cells following circ‑BIRC6 knockdown. The interactions between circ‑BIRC6, miR‑495‑3p and XBP1 was verified using dual luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, T24 cells with circ‑BIRC6 knockdown and miR‑495‑3p inhibitor transfection were used for the tumor‑bearing experiment. Tumor growth was observed and Ki‑67 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that circ‑BIRC6 expression was upregulated in BC cell lines. Moreover, circ‑BIRC6 knockdown notably attenuated the proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT of BC cells, which was blocked by the miR‑495‑3p inhibitor. It was also identified that circ‑BIRC6 sponged miR‑495‑3p to regulate XBP1 expression. In addition, results from the xenograft experiments indicated that the knockdown of circ‑BIRC6 and miR‑495‑3p expression significantly inhibited tumor growth. It was also found that the expression levels of XBP1, Ki‑67 and EMT‑associated proteins in tumor tissues of the co‑transfection group were markedly restored compared with the circ‑BIRC6 knockdown group. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that circ‑BIRC6 knockdown suppressed BC tumorigenesis and progression via regulation of the miR‑495‑3p/XBP1 signaling axis, offering a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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8
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Wang Y, Chen J, Wu Z, Ding W, Gao S, Gao Y, Xu C. Mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer and therapeutic strategies to overcome it. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:239-261. [PMID: 33150960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men and androgen deprivation therapy is the first-line therapy. However, most cases will eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy treatment. Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Unfortunately, patients receiving enzalutamide treatment will ultimately develop resistance via various complicated mechanisms. This review examines the emerging information on these resistance mechanisms, including androgen receptor-related signalling pathways, glucocorticoid receptor-related pathways and metabolic effects. Notably, lineage plasticity and phenotype switching, gene polymorphisms and the relationship between microRNAs and drug resistance are addressed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies for enzalutamide-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer treatment are suggested, which can help discover more effective and specific regimens to overcome enzalutamide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhong K, Chen D, Wu Z, Wang X, Pan B, Chen N, Zhong W. [Effect of small interfering RNA-mediated BIRC6 silencing on apoptosis and autophagy of renal cancer 786-O cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1651-1655. [PMID: 33243730 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.11.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of BIRC6 in renal cancer tissues and investigate the effect of BIRC6 silencing on apoptosis and autophagy of 786-O cells. METHODS Twenty surgical specimens of renal cancer tissues and adjacent renal tissues were collected from Meizhou People's Hospital between February, 2016 and December, 2018 for detection of BIRC6 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Renal cancer 786-O cells were transfected with a control small interfering RNA (siRNA) or BIRC6 siRNA via lipofectamine 2000, and the changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis following 5-FU treatment were assessed using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry; the expressions of autophagy-related proteins Beclin and LC3A/B were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The expression of BIRC6 protein was significantly higher in renal cancer tissues than in the adjacent renal tissues. Western blotting showed that siRNA-mediated silencing of BIRC6 significantly lowered the expression of BIRC6 in 786-O cells. In the cells with BIRC6 silencing, treatment with 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL 5-FU resulted in significantly higher proliferation inhibition rates than in the cells transfected with the control siRNA (P < 0.01). BIRC6 silencing also significantly increased the apoptosis rate of 786-O cells following 5-FU treatment (P < 0.01). The results of Western blotting showed that BIRC6 silencing significantly lowered the protein expressions of Beclin and LC3A/B in 786-O cells. CONCLUSIONS Interference of BIRC6 mediated by siRNA can inhibit autophagy and promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis to enhance the sensitivity of 786-O cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Zhong
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Weifeng Zhong
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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11
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Li H, Huang J, Yu S, Lou Z. Long Non-Coding RNA DLEU1 Up-Regulates BIRC6 Expression by Competitively Sponging miR-381-3p to Promote Cisplatin Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2037-2045. [PMID: 32214823 PMCID: PMC7082798 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s237456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (DDP) resistance has become an obstacle to chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Recent evidences indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. However, the potential role of lncRNAs in NPC progression remains largely unknown. Methods First, lncRNA expression profiling in NPC was performed via microarray analysis. To explore the involvement of DLEU1 in DDP resistance, loss-of-function experiments were employed in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results Here, we identified 153 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Among them, DLEU1 was remarkably up-regulated in NPC tissues and associated with worse outcome. Knock-down of DLEU1 could sensitize NPC cells to DDP in vitro and in vivo. Further investigations revealed that DLEU1 positively regulated BIRC6 expression via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-381-3p. We also observed that BIRC6 overexpression or miR-381-3p silence could significantly reverse DLEU1-dependent DDP resistance. Conclusion Our data suggest that DLEU1 acts as an oncogene to promote DDP resistance and BIRC6 expression in NPC through interacting with miR-381-3p, which may help to develop new strategy against NPC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
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12
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Khurana N, Chandra PK, Kim H, Abdel-Mageed AB, Mondal D, Sikka SC. Bardoxolone-Methyl (CDDO-Me) Suppresses Androgen Receptor and Its Splice-Variant AR-V7 and Enhances Efficacy of Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010068. [PMID: 31940946 PMCID: PMC7022272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is fundamental to prostate cancer (PC) progression, and hence, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a mainstay of treatment. However, augmented AR signaling via both full length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active AR splice variants, especially AR-V7, is associated with the recurrence of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Oxidative stress also plays a crucial role in anti-androgen resistance and CRPC outgrowth. We examined whether a triterpenoid antioxidant drug, Bardoxolone-methyl, known as CDDO-Me or RTA 402, can decrease AR-FL and AR-V7 expression in PC cells. Nanomolar (nM) concentrations of CDDO-Me rapidly downregulated AR-FL in LNCaP and C4-2B cells, and both AR-FL and AR-V7 in CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) cells. The AR-suppressive effect of CDDO-Me was evident at both the mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, acute exposure (2 h) to CDDO-Me increased and long-term exposure (24 h) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells. This was concomitant with an increase in the anti-oxidant transcription factor, Nrf2. The anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) could overcome this AR-suppressive effect of CDDO-Me. Co-exposure of PC cells to CDDO-Me enhanced the efficacy of a clinically approved anti-androgen, enzalutamide (ENZ), as evident by decreased cell-viability along with migration and colony forming ability of PC cells. Thus, CDDO-Me which is in several late-stage clinical trials, may be used as an adjunct to ADT in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis Medical Campus, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Partha K. Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Asim B. Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Lincoln Memorial University—Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, 9737 Coghill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.C.S.); Tel.: +865-338-5715 (D.M.); +504-988-5179 (S.C.S.)
| | - Suresh C. Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.C.S.); Tel.: +865-338-5715 (D.M.); +504-988-5179 (S.C.S.)
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13
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Hao T, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang Y, Shang Y, Sun J. MALAT1 knockdown inhibits prostate cancer progression by regulating miR-140/BIRC6 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109666. [PMID: 31935634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men globally. Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been reported to be implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of PCa. However, the pathogenesis of MALAT1 in PCa has not been thoroughly elaborated. METHODS RT-qPCR assay was conducted to measure expression of MALAT1, microRNA-140 (miR-140) and Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 (BIRC6) mRNA. Protein expression of BIRC6 was detected by western blot assay. Cell proliferative ability was assessed by MTS and Edu retention assays. Cell migratory and invasive abilities were evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Cell apoptotic rate was examined using a flow cytometry. The interaction between miR-140 and MALAT1 or BIRC6 3'UTR was explored by luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down assays. Xenograft models of PCa were established to further explore the role and molecular mechanism of MALAT in PCa tumorigenesis in vivo. RESULTS MALAT1 and BIRC6 were highly expressed in human PCa tumor tissues and cell lines. MALAT1 or BIRC6 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in PCa. MiR-140 could directly bind with MALAT1 or BIRC6 3'UTR. Moreover, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited BIRC mRNA and protein expression through upregulating miR-140 in PCa cells. Additionally, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited PCa xenograft tumor growth by regulating miR-140/BIRC6 axis in vivo. CONCLUSION MALAT1 knockdown hindered PCa progression by regulating miR-140/BIRC6 axis in vitro and in vivo, hinting the potential value of MALAT1 in the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Hao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhenghua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yafeng Shang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiantao Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China.
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14
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Mutuku SM, Trim PJ, Prabhala BK, Irani S, Bremert KL, Logan JM, Brooks DA, Stahl J, Centenera MM, Snel MF, Butler LM. Evaluation of Small Molecule Drug Uptake in Patient-Derived Prostate Cancer Explants by Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15008. [PMID: 31628408 PMCID: PMC6802206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived explant (PDE) culture of solid tumors is increasingly being applied to preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutics and for biomarker discovery. In this technique, treatments are added to culture medium and penetrate the tissue via a gelatin sponge scaffold. However, the penetration profile and final concentrations of small molecule drugs achieved have not been determined to date. Here, we determined the extent of absorption of the clinical androgen receptor antagonist, enzalutamide, into prostate PDEs, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). In a cohort of 11 PDE tissues from eight individual patients, LC-MS/MS quantification of PDE homogenates confirmed enzalutamide (10 µM) uptake by all PDEs, which reached maximal average tissue concentration of 0.24-0.50 ng/µg protein after 48 h culture. Time dependent uptake of enzalutamide (50 µM) in PDEs was visualized using MALDI MSI over 24-48 h, with complete penetration throughout tissues evident by 6 h of culture. Drug signal intensity was not homogeneous throughout the tissues but had areas of markedly high signal that corresponded to drug target (androgen receptor)-rich epithelial regions of tissue. In conclusion, application of MS-based drug quantification and visualization in PDEs, and potentially other 3-dimensional model systems, can provide a more robust basis for experimental study design and interpretation of pharmacodynamic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack M Mutuku
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Paul J Trim
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Bala K Prabhala
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Swati Irani
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kayla L Bremert
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Clinpath Laboratories, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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15
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Shapovalova M, Lee JK, Li Y, Vander Griend DJ, Coleman IM, Nelson PS, Dehm SM, LeBeau AM. PEG10 Promoter-Driven Expression of Reporter Genes Enables Molecular Imaging of Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5668-5680. [PMID: 31530569 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The retrotransposon-derived paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) protein is ordinarily expressed at high levels in the placenta. Recently, it was discovered that PEG10 isoforms promote the progression of prostate cancer to a highly lethal androgen receptor (AR)-negative phenotype. The presence of PEG10 in other subtypes of prostate cancer has not been explored and a utility for PEG10 overexpression has not been developed. Here, we found that in addition to AR-null disease, PEG10 was also expressed in prostate cancer with constitutively active AR-splice variants. A molecular genetic imaging strategy for noninvasive imaging of AR-splice variant prostate cancer was developed by utilizing the cancer specificity of the PEG10 promoter to drive the expression of reporter genes. Plasmid insertion of a PEG10 promoter sequence optimized for enhanced output upstream of a reporter gene allowed detection of prostate cancer by near-infrared and positron emission tomography imaging after systemic administration of the plasmid in vivo. PEG10 expressing subcutaneous xenograft and intratibial tumor models were imaged by both modalities using this molecular genetic imaging strategy. This study demonstrates a preclinical proof-of-concept that the PEG10 promoter is a powerful and specific tool that can be utilized for noninvasive detection of aggressive prostate cancer subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE: PEG10 is expressed by prostate cancer with constitutively active AR-splice variants that can be exploited for noninvasive molecular imaging of this aggressive prostate cancer subytpe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Shapovalova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John K Lee
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yingming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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16
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An Y, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Zhang H, Huang C. Molecular insights into cancer drug resistance from a proteomics perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:413-429. [PMID: 30925852 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1601561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to chemotherapy and development of specific and effective molecular targeted therapies are major obstacles facing current cancer treatment. Comparative proteomic approaches have been employed for the discovery of putative biomarkers associated with cancer drug resistance and have yielded a number of candidate proteins, showing great promise for both novel drug target identification and personalized medicine for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer. Areas covered: Herein, we review the recent advances and challenges in proteomics studies on cancer drug resistance with an emphasis on biomarker discovery, as well as understanding the interconnectivity of proteins in disease-related signaling pathways. In addition, we highlight the critical role that post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Expert opinion: Revealing changes in proteome profiles and the role of PTMs in drug-resistant cancer is key to deciphering the mechanisms of treatment resistance. With the development of sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and related technologies, it is now possible to investigate in depth potential biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assisting the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao An
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
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17
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Zhang G, Zhou S, Zhong W, Hong L, Wang Y, Lu S, Pan J, Huang Y, Su M, Crawford R, Zhou Y, Mai R. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Frequent Mutations in Chromatin Remodeling Genes in Mammary and Extramammary Paget's Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:789-795. [PMID: 30905357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Paget's disease (PD) is an intraepidermal adenocarcinoma of the skin at the breast (mammary PD) or urogenital locations (extramammary PD [EMPD]). At present, there is lack of clarity on PD's pathogenesis, the relationship between its subtypes, and its lineage link with the underlying invasive carcinomas. Here we describe that mammary PD and EMPD have similar mutational profiles, with the most frequent recurrent mutations occurring in the chromatin remodeling genes, such as KMT2C (MLL3, 39%) and ARID2 (22%), with additional recurrent somatic mutations detected in genes previously not known to be mutated in cancers, such as CDCC168 (34%), FSIP2 (29%), CASP8AP2 (29%), and BIRC6 (24%). In paired mammary PD and underlying breast carcinoma samples, distinct gene mutations were detected, indicating that they represent independent oncogenic events. Finally, multistage EMPD tissue sequencing revealed KMT2C gene occurring early in EMPD oncogenesis, and that multifocal EMPD samples share the same early gene mutations, suggesting clonal origin of multifocal EMPD. Our results reveal similar genomic landscapes between mammary PD and EMPD, including early aberrations in chromatin remodeling genes. In addition, mammary PD and underlying breast ductal carcinomas represent independent oncogenic events. These findings provide approaches for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songxia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixiang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital of and the Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou Central Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiankai Pan
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Hospital of Dermatology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuansheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mingwan Su
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard Crawford
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ruiqin Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Parolia A, Venalainen E, Xue H, Mather R, Lin D, Wu R, Pucci P, Rogalski J, Evans JR, Feng F, Collins CC, Wang Y, Crea F. The long noncoding RNA HORAS5 mediates castration-resistant prostate cancer survival by activating the androgen receptor transcriptional program. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1121-1136. [PMID: 30776192 PMCID: PMC6487714 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is driven by the androgen receptor (AR)‐signaling axis. Hormonal therapy often mitigates PCa progression, but a notable number of cases progress to castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). CRPC retains AR activity and is incurable. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represent an uncharted region of the transcriptome. Several lncRNA have been recently described to mediate oncogenic functions, suggesting that these molecules can be potential therapeutic targets. Here, we identified CRPC‐associated lncRNA by analyzing patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) and clinical data. Subsequently, we characterized one of the CRPC‐promoting lncRNA,HORAS5, in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that HORAS5 is a stable, cytoplasmic lncRNA that promotes CRPC proliferation and survival by maintaining AR activity under androgen‐depleted conditions. Most strikingly, knockdown of HORAS5 causes a significant reduction in the expression of AR itself and oncogenic AR targets such as KIAA0101. Elevated expression of HORAS5 is also associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients. Our results from HORAS5 inhibition in in vivo models further confirm that HORAS5 is a viable therapeutic target for CRPC. Thus, we posit that HORAS5 is a novel, targetable mediator of CRPC through its essential role in the maintenance of oncogenic AR activity. Overall, this study adds to our mechanistic understanding of how lncRNA function in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hui Xue
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Canada
| | - Rebecca Mather
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Dong Lin
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wu
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Perla Pucci
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jason Rogalski
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joseph R Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Yuzhuo Wang
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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19
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Zhuang W, Zhang C, Hao F, Sun X. Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 6 (BIRC6) Is a Predictor of Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:839-845. [PMID: 29429983 PMCID: PMC5816567 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Zhuang
- Medical Record Management Section, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Cuixia Zhang
- Medical Record Management Section, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Furong Hao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xicai Sun
- Department of Health Management, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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20
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Vlachostergios PJ, Paddock M, Molina AM. Molecular Targeted Therapies of Prostate Cancer. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LIBRARY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64096-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Compensatory mechanisms leading to increased androgen receptor expression and activity after androgen ablation or anti-androgen treatment have been identified in prostate cancer. After hydroxyflutamide and bicalutamide were used in therapy of prostate cancer over many years, novel anti-androgen enzalutamide showed improved clinical activity. However, enzalutamide resistance develops over a certain time period, and molecular mechanisms responsible for this process are heterogeneous. Research Findings As with other anti-androgens, these mechanisms include alterations of AR but also may be associated with overexpression of oncogenes which should be targeted by novel therapies. Androgen receptor splice variants have been frequently described in patients who developed enzalutamide resistance. Mutant AR F876L has been detected in patients who are resistant to enzalutamide. Glucocorticoid receptor overexpression has been observed in patient tissues and in pre-clinical models of enzalutamide resistance. Summary There is a heterogeneous picture of enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer and, therefore, the development of appropriate post-enzalutamide treatment remains a challenge.
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22
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Finlay D, Teriete P, Vamos M, Cosford NDP, Vuori K. Inducing death in tumor cells: roles of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. F1000Res 2017; 6:587. [PMID: 28529715 PMCID: PMC5414821 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10625.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous group of diseases collectively termed cancer results not just from aberrant cellular proliferation but also from a lack of accompanying homeostatic cell death. Indeed, cancer cells regularly acquire resistance to programmed cell death, or apoptosis, which not only supports cancer progression but also leads to resistance to therapeutic agents. Thus, various approaches have been undertaken in order to induce apoptosis in tumor cells for therapeutic purposes. Here, we will focus our discussion on agents that directly affect the apoptotic machinery itself rather than on drugs that induce apoptosis in tumor cells indirectly, such as by DNA damage or kinase dependency inhibition. As the roles of the Bcl-2 family have been extensively studied and reviewed recently, we will focus in this review specifically on the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. IAPs are a disparate group of proteins that all contain a baculovirus IAP repeat domain, which is important for the inhibition of apoptosis in some, but not all, family members. We describe each of the family members with respect to their structural and functional similarities and differences and their respective roles in cancer. Finally, we also review the current state of IAPs as targets for anti-cancer therapeutics and discuss the current clinical state of IAP antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Finlay
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter Teriete
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Vamos
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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