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Yu T, Lok BH. PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms and PARP inhibitor derived imaging probes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39199000 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2398494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition has become a major target in anticancer therapy. While PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancers, therapeutic resistance is a challenge and PARPi are now being investigated in cancers lacking HR deficiencies. This creates a need to develop molecular and imaging biomarkers of PARPi response to improve patient selection and circumvent therapeutic resistance. AREAS COVERED PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov were queried for studies on PARPi resistance and imaging. This review summarizes established and emerging resistance mechanisms to PARPi, and the current state of imaging and theragnostic probes for PARPi, including fluorescently labeled and radiolabeled probes. EXPERT OPINION While progress has been made in understanding PARPi therapeutic resistance, clinical evidence remains lacking and relatively little is known regarding PARPi response outside of HR deficiencies. Continued research will clarify the importance of known biomarkers and resistance mechanisms in patient cohorts and the broader utility of PARPi. Progress has also been made in PARPi imaging, particularly with radiolabeled probes, and both imaging and theragnostic probes have now reached clinical validation. Reducing abdominal background signal from probe clearance will broaden their applicability, and improvements to molecular synthesis and radiation delivery will increase their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Yu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Andrini E, Ricco G, Zappi A, Aloi S, Giordano M, Altimari A, Gruppioni E, Maloberti T, de Biase D, Campana D, Lamberti G. Challenges and future perspectives for the use of temozolomide in the treatment of SCLC. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102798. [PMID: 38970838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for 10-20 % of all lung tumors, represents the most aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Most patients are diagnosed with extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC), with brian metastases identified in ∼ 80 % of cases during the disease cours, and the prognosis is dismal, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5 %. Current available treatments in the second-line setting are limited, and topotecan has long been the only FDA-approved drug in relapsed or refractory ES-SCLC, until the recent approval of lurbinectedin, a selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase II. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent, which showed single-agent activity in SCLC, particularly among patients with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. Several studies have revealed the synergistic activity of temozolomide with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, that prevent repair of TMZ-induced DNA damage. This review focuses on the rationale for the use of TMZ in ES-SCLC and provides an overview of the main trials that have evaluated and are currently investigating its role, both as a single-agent and in combinations, in relapse or refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andrini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Ricco
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Arianna Zappi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Aloi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mirela Giordano
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Altimari
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Gruppioni
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Thais Maloberti
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario de Biase
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Campana
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Piscopo L, Masala S, Scaglione M, Klain M. [ 177Lu]Lu DOTATOC PRRT with PARP inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06892-7. [PMID: 39190196 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Piscopo
- Radiology Department of Surgery, Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Masala
- Radiology Department of Surgery, Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Mariano Scaglione
- Radiology Department of Surgery, Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Michele Klain
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Kaczorowski M, Ylaya K, Chłopek M, Taniyama D, Pommier Y, Lasota J, Miettinen M. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) Expression in Cancer in the Search of Biomarker-Informed Treatment Targets: A Study of 127 Entities Represented by 6658 Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00409. [PMID: 39185596 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a DNA/RNA helicase, acts as a regulator of cellular response to replicative stress and irreversibly triggers replication block and cell death. Several preclinical in vitro studies and clinical trials established that SLFN11 expression predicts outcomes in patients with advanced cancer treated with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics and more recently with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. SLFN11 expression status remains unknown in many cancer types, especially in mesenchymal tumors. This study evaluated a cohort of well characterized 3808 epithelial and 2850 mesenchymal and neuroectodermal tumors for SLFN11 expression using immunohistochemistry. Nuclear SLFN11 expression was rare in some of the most common carcinomas, for example, hepatocellular (1%), prostatic (2%), colorectal (5%), or breast (16%) cancers. In contrast, other epithelial tumors including mesotheliomas (92%), clear cell renal cell carcinomas (79%), small cell lung cancers (76%), squamous cell carcinomas of the tonsil (89%) and larynx (71%), or ovarian serous carcinomas (69%) were mostly SLFN11-positive. Compared with epithelial malignancies, SLFN11 expression was overall higher in neuroectodermal and mesenchymal tumors. Most positive entities included desmoplastic small round cell tumor (100%), Ewing sarcoma (92%), undifferentiated sarcoma (92%), solitary fibrous tumor (91%), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (89%), synovial sarcoma (86%), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (85%). Also, this study identifies tumors with potentially worse response to DNA-damaging drugs including antibody drug conjugates due to the absence of SLFN11 expression. Such entities may benefit from alternative treatments or strategies to overcome SLFN11 deficiency-related drug resistance. Our approach and results should serve as a foundation for future biomarker-associated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kaczorowski
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Daiki Taniyama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Mitri Z, Goodyear SM, Mills G. Strategies for the prevention or reversal of PARP inhibitor resistance. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39145413 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2393251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in our understanding of tumor biology shed light on hallmarks of cancer development and progression that include dysregulated DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery. Leveraging the underlying tumor genomic instability and tumor-specific defects in DDR, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induced DNA damage emerges as a novel non-chemotherapy therapeutic opportunity. PARPis are currently approved in multiple tumor types, with the largest benefit seen in tumors with homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficiency, including germline and somatic mutations in BRCA1/2 genes (BRCA) and other pathway members such as PALB2 and Rad51c. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes the current approval landscape and known and proposed mechanisms of resistance to PARPi. Further, therapeutic strategies to overcome PARPi resistance are discussed, including ongoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION PARPi have proven to be a safe and effective therapy and represents a cornerstone treatment across multiple solid tumor types. Elucidating innate and acquired mechanisms of resistance, coupled with the emergence of novel therapeutic options to capitalize on the activity of PARPi and prevent or reverse the acquisition of resistance, provides an opportunity to further expand the role of PARPi in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahi Mitri
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shaun M Goodyear
- Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gordon Mills
- Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Zhang J, Zeng X, Guo Q, Sheng Z, Chen Y, Wan S, Zhang L, Zhang P. Small cell lung cancer: emerging subtypes, signaling pathways, and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:78. [PMID: 39103941 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant cancer characterized by early metastasis, rapid tumor growth and poor prognosis. In recent decades, the epidemiology, initiation and mutation characteristics of SCLC, as well as abnormal signaling pathways contributing to its progression, have been widely studied. Despite extensive investigation, fewer drugs have been approved for SCLC. Recent advancements in multi-omics studies have revealed diverse classifications of SCLC that are featured by distinct characteristics and therapeutic vulnerabilities. With the accumulation of SCLC samples, different subtypes of SCLC and specific treatments for these subtypes were further explored. The identification of different molecular subtypes has opened up novel avenues for the treatment of SCLC; however, the inconsistent and uncertain classification of SCLC has hindered the translation from basic research to clinical applications. Therefore, a comprehensives review is essential to conclude these emerging subtypes and related drugs targeting specific therapeutic vulnerabilities within abnormal signaling pathways. In this current review, we summarized the epidemiology, risk factors, mutation characteristics of and classification, related molecular pathways and treatments for SCLC. We hope that this review will facilitate the translation of molecular subtyping of SCLC from theory to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiji Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenxin Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyue Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Onji H, Tate S, Sakaue T, Fujiwara K, Nakano S, Kawaida M, Onishi N, Matsumoto T, Yamagami W, Sugiyama T, Higashiyama S, Pommier Y, Kobayashi Y, Murai J. Schlafen 11 further sensitizes BRCA-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors through single-strand DNA gap accumulation behind replication forks. Oncogene 2024; 43:2475-2489. [PMID: 38961202 PMCID: PMC11315672 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The preferential response to PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in BRCA-deficient and Schlafen 11 (SLFN11)-expressing ovarian cancers has been documented, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. As the accumulation of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) gaps behind replication forks is key for the lethality effect of PARPis, we investigated the combined effects of SLFN11 expression and BRCA deficiency on PARPi sensitivity and ssDNA gap formation in human cancer cells. PARPis increased chromatin-bound RPA2 and ssDNA gaps in SLFN11-expressing cells and even more in cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency. SLFN11 was co-localized with chromatin-bound RPA2 under PARPis treatment, with enhanced recruitment in BRCA2-deficient cells. Notably, the chromatin-bound SLFN11 under PARPis did not block replication, contrary to its function under replication stress. SLFN11 recruitment was attenuated by the inactivation of MRE11. Hence, under PARPi treatment, MRE11 expression and BRCA deficiency lead to ssDNA gaps behind replication forks, where SLFN11 binds and increases their accumulation. As ovarian cancer patients who responded (progression-free survival >2 years) to olaparib maintenance therapy had a significantly higher SLFN11-positivity than short-responders (<6 months), our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the favorable responses to PARPis in SLFN11-expressing and BRCA-deficient tumors. It highlight the clinical implications of SLFN11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Onji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sota Tate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujiwara
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Miho Kawaida
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Tumor Regulation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Junko Murai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
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Sen T, Takahashi N, Chakraborty S, Takebe N, Nassar AH, Karim NA, Puri S, Naqash AR. Emerging advances in defining the molecular and therapeutic landscape of small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:610-627. [PMID: 38965396 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has traditionally been considered a recalcitrant cancer with a dismal prognosis, with only modest advances in therapeutic strategies over the past several decades. Comprehensive genomic assessments of SCLC have revealed that most of these tumours harbour deletions of the tumour-suppressor genes TP53 and RB1 but, in contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer, have failed to identify targetable alterations. The expression status of four transcription factors with key roles in SCLC pathogenesis defines distinct molecular subtypes of the disease, potentially enabling specific therapeutic approaches. Overexpression and amplification of MYC paralogues also affect the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of SCLC. Several other attractive targets have emerged in the past few years, including inhibitors of DNA-damage-response pathways, epigenetic modifiers, antibody-drug conjugates and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. However, the rapid development of therapeutic resistance and lack of biomarkers for effective selection of patients with SCLC are ongoing challenges. Emerging single-cell RNA sequencing data are providing insights into the plasticity and intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity of SCLC that might be associated with therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in genomic and transcriptomic characterization of SCLC with a particular focus on opportunities for translation into new therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triparna Sen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Subhamoy Chakraborty
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amin H Nassar
- Division of Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nagla A Karim
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute Virginia, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Sonam Puri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abdul Rafeh Naqash
- Medical Oncology/ TSET Phase 1 program, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Kulkarni S, Gajjar K, Madhusudan S. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy and mechanisms of resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1414112. [PMID: 39135999 PMCID: PMC11317305 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1414112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is the commonest cause of gynaecological cancer deaths. First-line treatment for advanced disease includes a combination of platinum-taxane chemotherapy (post-operatively or peri-operatively) and maximal debulking surgery whenever feasible. Initial response rate to chemotherapy is high (up to 80%) but most patients will develop recurrence (approximately 70-90%) and succumb to the disease. Recently, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition (by drugs such as Olaparib, Niraparib or Rucaparib) directed synthetic lethality approach in BRCA germline mutant or platinum sensitive disease has generated real hope for patients. PARP inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance therapy can prolong survival but therapeutic response is not sustained due to intrinsic or acquired secondary resistance to PARPi therapy. Reversion of BRCA1/2 mutation can lead to clinical PARPi resistance in BRCA-germline mutated ovarian cancer. However, in the more common platinum sensitive sporadic HGSOC, the clinical mechanisms of development of PARPi resistance remains to be defined. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current status of PARPi and the mechanisms of resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, West Bromwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ketankumar Gajjar
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Rauch H, Kitzberger C, Janghu K, Hawarihewa P, Nguyen NT, Min Y, Ballke S, Steiger K, Weber WA, Kossatz S. Combining [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC PRRT with PARP inhibitors to enhance treatment efficacy in small cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06844-1. [PMID: 39023784 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor with neuroendocrine origin. Although SCLC frequently express somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), a significant clinical benefit of SSTR2-targeted radionuclide therapies of SCLC was not observed so far. We hypothesize that combination treatment with a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) could lead to radiosensitization and increase the effectiveness of SSTR2-targeted therapy in SCLC. METHODS SSTR2-ligand uptake of the SCLC cell lines H69 and H446 was evaluated in vitro using flow cytometry, and in vivo using SPECT imaging and cut-and-count biodistribution. Single-agent (Olaparib, Rucaparib, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC) and combination treatment responses were determined in vitro via cell viability, clonogenic survival and γH2AX DNA damage assays. In vivo, we treated athymic nude mice bearing H69 or H446 xenografts with Olaparib, Rucaparib, or [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC alone or with combination treatment regimens to assess the impact on tumor growth and survival of the treated mice. RESULTS H446 and H69 cells exhibited low SSTR2 expression, i.e. 60 to 90% lower uptake of SSTR2-ligands compared to AR42J cells. In vitro, combination treatment of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC with PARPi resulted in 2.9- to 67-fold increased potency relative to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC alone. We observed decreased clonogenic survival and higher amounts of persistent DNA damage compared to single-agent treatment for both Olaparib and Rucaparib. In vivo, tumor doubling times increased to 1.6-fold (H446) and 2.2-fold (H69) under combination treatment, and 1.0 to 1.1-fold (H446) and 1.1 to 1.7-fold (H69) in monotherapies compared to untreated animals. Concurrently, median survival was higher in the combination treatment groups in both models compared to monotherapy and untreated mice. Fractionating the PRRT dose did not lead to further improvement of therapeutic outcome. CONCLUSION The addition of PARPi can markedly improve the potency of SSTR2-targeted PRRT in SCLC models in SSTR2 low-expressing tumors. Further evaluation in humans seems justified based on the results as novel treatment options for SCLC are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Rauch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kitzberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirti Janghu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pavithra Hawarihewa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nghia T Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ballke
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Bzura A, Spicer JB, Dulloo S, Yap TA, Fennell DA. Targeting DNA Damage Response Deficiency in Thoracic Cancers. Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40265-024-02066-9. [PMID: 39001941 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Thoracic cancers comprise non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM). Collectively, they account for the highest rate of death from malignancy worldwide. Genomic instability is a universal feature of cancer, which fuels mutations and tumour evolution. Deficiencies in DNA damage response (DDR) genes amplify genomic instability. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), resulting from BRCA1/BRCA2 inactivation, is exploited for therapeutic synthetic lethality with poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast and ovarian cancers, as well as in prostate and pancreatic cancers. However, DDR deficiency and its therapeutic implications are less well established in thoracic cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of thoracic cancers may harbour DDR deficiency and may, thus, be effectively targeted with DDR agents. Here, we review the current evidence surrounding DDR in thoracic cancers and discuss the challenges and promise for achieving clinical benefit with such therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bzura
- University of Leicester, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK
| | - Jake B Spicer
- University of Leicester, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK
| | - Sean Dulloo
- University of Leicester, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dean A Fennell
- University of Leicester, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK.
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
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12
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Shrestha P, Kao S, Cheung VK, Cooper WA, van Zandwijk N, Rasko JEJ, Yeo D. Circulating tumor cells: advancing personalized therapy in small cell lung cancer patients. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38956984 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a dismal 5-year survival of < 7%, despite the addition of immunotherapy to first-line chemotherapy. Specific tumor biomarkers, such as delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and schlafen11 (SLFN11), may enable the selection of more efficacious, novel immunomodulating targeted treatments like bispecific T-cell engaging monoclonal antibodies (tarlatamab) and chemotherapy with PARP inhibitors. However, obtaining a tissue biopsy sample can be challenging in SCLC. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the potential to provide molecular insights into a patient's cancer through a "simple" blood test. CTCs have been studied for their prognostic ability in SCLC; however, their value in guiding treatment decisions is yet to be elucidated. This review explores novel and promising targeted therapies in SCLC, summarizes current knowledge of CTCs in SCLC, and discusses how CTCs can be utilized for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwol Shrestha
- Li Ka Shing Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Precision Oncology Program, Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Steven Kao
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Veronica K Cheung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Concord, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Li Ka Shing Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Precision Oncology Program, Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Dannel Yeo
- Li Ka Shing Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Precision Oncology Program, Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
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13
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Scattolin D, Maso AD, Ferro A, Frega S, Bonanno L, Guarneri V, Pasello G. The emerging role of Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) in predicting response to anticancer treatments: Focus on small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 128:102768. [PMID: 38797062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a dismal prognosis. Many efforts have been made so far for identifying novel biomarkers for a personalized treatment for SCLC patients. Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) is a protein differently expressed in many cancers and recently emerged as a new potential biomarker. Lower expression of SLFN11 correlates with a worse prognosis in SCLC and other tumors. SLFN11 has a role in tumorigenesis, inducing replication arrest in the presence of DNA damage through the block of the replication fork. SLFN11 interacts also with chromatin accessibility, proteotoxic stress and mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway. The expression of SLFN11 is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including promoter methylation, histone deacetylation, and the histone methylation. The downregulation of SLFN11 correlates with a worse response to topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, alkylating agents, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors in different cancer types. Some studies exploring strategies for overcoming drug resistance in tumors with low levels of SLFN11 showed promising results. One of these strategies includes the interaction with the Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related pathway, constitutively activated and leading to cell survival and tumor growth in the presence of low levels of SLFN11. Furthermore, the expression of SLFN11 is dynamic through time and different anticancer therapy and liquid biopsy seems to be an attractive tool for catching SLFN11 different expressions. Despite this, further investigations exploring SLFN11 as a predictive biomarker, its longitudinal changes, and new strategies to overcome drug resistances are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scattolin
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Ferro
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Frega
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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14
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Trillo Aliaga P, Del Signore E, Fuorivia V, Spitaleri G, Asnaghi R, Attili I, Corvaja C, Carnevale Schianca A, Passaro A, de Marinis F. The Evolving Scenario of ES-SCLC Management: From Biology to New Cancer Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:701. [PMID: 38927637 PMCID: PMC11203015 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma accounting for 15% of lung cancers with dismal survival outcomes. Minimal changes in therapy and prognosis have occurred in SCLC for the past four decades. Recent progress in the treatment of extensive-stage disease (ES-SCLC) has been marked by incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into platinum-based chemotherapy, leading to modest improvements. Moreover, few second-line-and-beyond treatment options are currently available. The main limitation for the molecular study of SCLC has been the scarcity of samples, because only very early diseases are treated with surgery and biopsies are not performed when the disease progresses. Despite all these difficulties, in recent years we have come to understand that SCLC is not a homogeneous disease. At the molecular level, in addition to the universal loss of retinoblastoma (RB) and TP53 genes, a recent large molecular study has identified other mutations that could serve as targets for therapy development or patient selection. In recent years, there has also been the identification of new genetic subtypes which have shown us how intertumor heterogeneity exists. Moreover, SCLC can also develop intratumoral heterogeneity linked mainly to the concept of cellular plasticity, mostly due to the development of resistance to therapies. The aim of this review is to quickly present the current standard of care of ES-SCLC, to focus on the molecular landscapes and subtypes of SCLC, subsequently present the most promising therapeutic strategies under investigation, and finally recap the future directions of ongoing clinical trials for this aggressive disease which still remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Trillo Aliaga
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Del Signore
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fuorivia
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asnaghi
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ambra Carnevale Schianca
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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15
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Zhou J, Zhang MY, Gao AA, Zhu C, He T, Herman JG, Guo MZ. Epigenetic silencing schlafen-11 sensitizes esophageal cancer to ATM inhibitor. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2060-2073. [PMID: 38764821 PMCID: PMC11099458 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a cutting-edge strategy. It has been reported that Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) contributes to increase chemosensitivity by participating in DDR. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear. AIM To investigate the role of SLFN11 in DDR and the application of synthetic lethal in esophageal cancer with SLFN11 defects. METHODS To reach the purpose, eight esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines, 142 esophageal dysplasia (ED) and 1007 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples and various techniques were utilized, including methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, CRISPR/Cas9 technique, Western blot, colony formation assay, and xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Methylation of SLFN11 was exhibited in 9.15% of (13/142) ED and 25.62% of primary (258/1007) ESCC cases, and its expression was regulated by promoter region methylation. SLFN11 methylation was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor size (both P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between promoter region methylation and age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, TNM stage, or lymph node metastasis. Utilizing DNA damaged model induced by low dose cisplatin, SLFN11 was found to activate non-homologous end-joining and ATR/CHK1 signaling pathways, while inhibiting the ATM/CHK2 signaling pathway. Epigenetic silencing of SLFN11 was found to sensitize the ESCC cells to ATM inhibitor (AZD0156), both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human ESCC. Methylation of SLFN11 is sensitive marker of ATM inhibitor in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ai-Ai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tao He
- Departments of Pathology, Characteristic Medical Center of The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ming-Zhou Guo
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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16
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Kulkarni A, Zhou J, Biyani N, Kathad U, Banerjee PP, Srivastava S, Prucsi Z, Solarczyk K, Bhatia K, Ewesuedo RB, Sharma P. LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1199-1210. [PMID: 38630886 PMCID: PMC11072798 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR)-related gene alterations are present in a significant subset of prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and colon cancers rendering these tumors as potential responders to specific DNA damaging agents. A small molecule acylfulvene prodrug, LP-184, metabolizes to an active compound by the oxidoreductase activity of enzyme prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), which is frequently elevated in multiple solid tumor types. Prior work demonstrated that cancer cell lines deficient in a spectrum of DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes show increased susceptibility to LP-184. Here, we investigated the potential of LP-184 in targeting multiple tumors with impaired HR function and its mechanism of action as a DNA damaging agent. LP-184 induced elevated DNA double-strand breaks in HR deficient (HRD) cancer cells. Depletion of key HR components BRCA2 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in cancer cells conferred up to 12-fold increased sensitivity to the LP-184. LP-184 showed nanomolar potency in a diverse range of HRD cancer models, including prostate cancer organoids, leiomyosarcoma cell lines, and patient-derived tumor graft models of lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. LP-184 demonstrated complete, durable tumor regression in 10 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HRD triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) including those resistant to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). LP-184 further displayed strong synergy with PARPi in ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines as well as in TNBC PDX models. These preclinical findings illustrate the potential of LP-184 as a pan-HRD cancer therapeutic. Taken together, our results support continued clinical evaluation of LP-184 in a large subset of HRD solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE New agents with activity against DDR-deficient solid tumors refractory to standard-of-care therapies are needed. We report multiple findings supporting the potential for LP-184, a novel alkylating agent with three FDA orphan drug designations, to fill this void clinically: strong nanomolar potency; sustained, durable regression of solid tumor xenografts; synthetic lethality with HR defects. LP-184 adult phase IA trial to assess safety in advanced solid tumors is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Partha P. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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17
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DiPeri TP, Evans KW, Wang B, Zhao M, Akcakanat A, Raso MG, Rizvi YQ, Zheng X, Korkut A, Varadarajan K, Uzunparmak B, Dumbrava EE, Pant S, Ajani JA, Pohlmann PR, Jensen VB, Javle M, Rodon J, Meric-Bernstam F. Co-clinical Trial of Novel Bispecific Anti-HER2 Antibody Zanidatamab in Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:828-845. [PMID: 38358339 PMCID: PMC11064988 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Zanidatamab is a bispecific human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody that has demonstrated antitumor activity in a broad range of HER2-amplified/expressing solid tumors. We determined the antitumor activity of zanidatamab in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models developed from pretreatment or postprogression biopsies on the first-in-human zanidatamab phase I study (NCT02892123). Of 36 tumors implanted, 19 PDX models were established (52.7% take rate) from 17 patients. Established PDXs represented a broad range of HER2-expressing cancers, and in vivo testing demonstrated an association between antitumor activity in PDXs and matched patients in 7 of 8 co-clinical models tested. We also identified amplification of MET as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to zanidatamab and demonstrated that MET inhibitors have single-agent activity and can enhance zanidatamab activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide evidence that PDXs can be developed from pretreatment biopsies in clinical trials and may provide insight into mechanisms of resistance. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that PDXs can be developed from pretreatment and postprogression biopsies in clinical trials and may represent a powerful preclinical tool. We identified amplification of MET as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to the HER2 inhibitor zanidatamab and MET inhibitors alone and in combination as a therapeutic strategy. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. DiPeri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kurt W. Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bailiang Wang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasmeen Q. Rizvi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kaushik Varadarajan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Burak Uzunparmak
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ecaterina E. Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paula R. Pohlmann
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - V. Behrana Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Matthaios D, Balgkouranidou I, Neanidis K, Sofis A, Pikouli A, Romanidis K, Pappa A, Karamouzis M, Zygogianni A, Charalampidis C, Zarogoulidis P, Rigas G, Galanis A. Revisiting Temozolomide's role in solid tumors: Old is gold? J Cancer 2024; 15:3254-3271. [PMID: 38817857 PMCID: PMC11134434 DOI: 10.7150/jca.94109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine with a long history in oncology especially for the high grade malignant glioma and metastatic melanoma. However, last year's new indications for its use are added. Its optimum pharmacodynamic profile, its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, the existence of methylation of MGMT in solid tumors which enhances its efficacy, the identification of new agents that can overcome temozolomide's resistance, the promising role of temozolomide in turning immune cold tumors to hot ones, are leading to expand its use in other solid tumors, giving oncologists an additional tool for the treatment of advanced and aggressive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia Pikouli
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Romanidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary-Oncology Department, General Clinic Euromedice, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Rigas
- Oncology Department, Private General Clinic of Volos, Volos, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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19
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Ran X, Wu BX, Shi M, Song L, Nixon K, Philip V, He HH, Tsao MS, Lok BH. CRISPR Screen of Druggable Targets in Small Cell Lung Cancer Identified ATM Inhibitor (AZD1390) as a Radiosensitizer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1308-1314. [PMID: 38104868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive and lethal form of lung cancer and the overall 5-year survival (OS) for patients is a dismal 7%. Radiation therapy (RT) provides some benefit for selected patients with SCLC but could be improved with radiosensitizing agents. In this study, we identified novel radiosensitizers for SCLC by a CRISPR-Cas9 screen and evaluated the efficacy of ATM inhibitor AZD1390 as a radiosensitizer of SCLC. METHODS AND MATERIALS We transduced the SCLC cell line SBC5 with a custom CRISPR sgRNA library focused on druggable gene targets and treated cells with RT. Cells collected at multiple timepoints were subjected to next-generation sequencing. We determined radiosensitization both in vitro with cell lines assessed by short-term viability and clonogenic assays, and in vivo mouse models by tumor growth delay. Pharmacodynamic effects of AZD1390 were quantified by ATM-Ser1981 phosphorylation, and RT-induced DNA damage by comet assay. RESULTS Using a CRISPR dropout screen, we identified multiple radiosensitizing genes for SCLC at various timepoints with ATM as a top determinant gene for radiosensitivity. Validation by ATM knockout (KO) demonstrated increased radiosensitivity by short-term viability assay (dose modification factor [DMF]50 = 3.25-3.73 in SBC5 ATM-KO) and clonogenic assays (DMF37 1.25-1.65 in SBC5 ATM-KO). ATM inhibition by AZD1390 effectively abrogated ATM Ser1981 phosphorylation in SCLC cell lines and increased RT-induced DNA damage. AZD1390 synergistically increased the radiosensitivity of SCLC cell lines (cell viability assay: SBC5 DMF37 = 2.19, SHP77 DMF37 = 1.56, H446 DMF37 = 3.27, KP1 DMF37 = 1.65 at 100nM; clonogenic assay: SBC5 DMF37 = 4.23, H1048 DMF37 = 1.91), and in vivo murine syngeneic, KP1, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, JHU-LX108 and JHU-LX33. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that genetically and pharmacologically (AZD1390) inhibiting ATM markedly enhanced RT against SCLC, providing a novel pharmacologically tractable radiosensitizing strategy for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Ran
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bell Xi Wu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Shi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lifang Song
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Nixon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Philip
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Kim HS, Kim JK, Lee JH, Lee YJ, Lee GK, Han JY. Prognostic Model for High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung Incorporating Genomic Profiling and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Expression. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300495. [PMID: 38635931 PMCID: PMC11161257 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) of the lung is an aggressive cancer with a complex biology. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of genetic aberrations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) expression in HGNEC and to establish a novel prognostic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 191 patients with histologically confirmed HGNEC of the lung. Tumor tissues were analyzed using PARP1 immunohistochemistry (IHC; N = 191) and comprehensive cancer panel sequencing (n = 102). Clinical and genetic data were used to develop an integrated Cox hazards model. RESULTS Strong PARP1 IHC expression (intensity 3) was observed in 153 of 191 (80.1%) patients, and the mean PARP1 H-score was 285 (range, 5-300). To develop an integrated Cox hazard model, our data set included information from 357 gene mutations and 19 clinical profiles. When the targeted mutation profiles were combined with clinical profiles, 12 genes (ATRX, CCND2, EXT2, FGFR2, FOXO1, IL21R, MAF, TGM7, TNFAIP3, TP53, TSHR, and DDR2) were identified as prognostic factors for survival. The integrated Cox hazard model, which combines mutation profiles with a baseline model, outperformed the baseline model (incremental area under the curve 0.84 v 0.78; P = 8.79e-12). The integrated model stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different disease-free and overall survival (integrated model: hazard ratio, 7.14 [95% CI, 4.07 to 12.54]; P < .01; baseline model: 4.38 [2.56 to 7.51]; P < .01). CONCLUSION We introduced a new prognostic model for HGNEC that combines genetic and clinical data. The integrated Cox hazard model outperformed the baseline model in predicting the survival of patients with HGNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Kuk Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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21
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Duan XP, Qin BD, Jiao XD, Liu K, Wang Z, Zang YS. New clinical trial design in precision medicine: discovery, development and direction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38438349 PMCID: PMC10912713 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, it has been increasingly recognized that individuals with a certain disease are complex and different from each other. Due to the underestimation of the significant heterogeneity across participants in traditional "one-size-fits-all" trials, patient-centered trials that could provide optimal therapy customization to individuals with specific biomarkers were developed including the basket, umbrella, and platform trial designs under the master protocol framework. In recent years, the successive FDA approval of indications based on biomarker-guided master protocol designs has demonstrated that these new clinical trials are ushering in tremendous opportunities. Despite the rapid increase in the number of basket, umbrella, and platform trials, the current clinical and research understanding of these new trial designs, as compared with traditional trial designs, remains limited. The majority of the research focuses on methodologies, and there is a lack of in-depth insight concerning the underlying biological logic of these new clinical trial designs. Therefore, we provide this comprehensive review of the discovery and development of basket, umbrella, and platform trials and their underlying logic from the perspective of precision medicine. Meanwhile, we discuss future directions on the potential development of these new clinical design in view of the "Precision Pro", "Dynamic Precision", and "Intelligent Precision". This review would assist trial-related researchers to enhance the innovation and feasibility of clinical trial designs by expounding the underlying logic, which be essential to accelerate the progression of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Dong Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Postel-Vinay S, Coves J, Texier M, Aldea M, Gazzah A, Dómine M, Planchard D, De Las Peñas R, Sala Gonzalez MA, Viteri S, Perez J, Ortega AL, Moran T, Camps C, Lopez-Martin A, Provencio M, Soria JC, Besse B, Massuti B, Rosell R. Olaparib maintenance versus placebo in platinum-sensitive non-small cell lung cancer: the Phase 2 randomized PIPSeN trial. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:417-424. [PMID: 38097741 PMCID: PMC10844295 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-sensitivity is a phenotypic biomarker of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) sensitivity in histotypes where PARPi are approved. Approximately one-third of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are platinum-sensitive. The double-blind, randomized phase II PIPSeN (NCT02679963) study evaluated olaparib, a PARPi, as maintenance therapy for patients with platinum-sensitive advanced NSCLC. METHODS Chemonaïve patients with ECOG performance status of 0-1, platinum-sensitive, EGFR- and ALK-wild-type, stage IIIB-IV NSCLC were randomized (R) to receive either olaparib (O) maintenance or a placebo (P). The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS) from R. Secondary objectives included overall survival (OS) and safety. With an anticipated hazard ratio of 0.65, 144 patients were required to be randomized, and approximately 500 patients enrolled. RESULTS The trial was prematurely terminated because anti-PD(L)1 therapy was approved during the trial recruitment. A total of 182 patients were enrolled, with 60 patients randomized: 33 and 27 in the O and P arms, respectively. Patient and tumor characteristics were well-balanced between arms, except for alcohol intake (33% vs 11% in the O and P arms, respectively, p = 0.043). The median PFS was 2.9 and 2.0 months in the O and P arms, respectively (logrank p = 0.99). The median OS was 9.4 and 9.5 months in the O and P arms, respectively (p = 0.28). Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 15 and 8 patients in O and P arms, with no new safety concerns. CONCLUSION PIPSeN was terminated early after enrollment of only 50% of the pre-planned population, thus being statistically underpowered. Olaparib maintenance did neither improve median PFS nor OS in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Postel-Vinay
- Drug Development Department, DITEP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- ERC StG group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- University College of London, Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Juan Coves
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Son Llátzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Mihaela Aldea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic tumor board and International Cancer for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Villejuif, France
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Drug Development Department, DITEP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- ERC StG group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic tumor board and International Cancer for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Villejuif, France
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic tumor board and International Cancer for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Ramon De Las Peñas
- Medical Oncology Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Perez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios de Alcoy, Alcoy, Spain
| | - Ana Laura Ortega
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Teresa Moran
- Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona; Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Medical Oncology Department; TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lopez-Martin
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic tumor board and International Cancer for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Badalona; Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Kim C, Wang XD, Liu Z, Hao J, Wang S, Li P, Zi Z, Ding Q, Jang S, Kim J, Luo Y, Huffman KE, Pal Choudhuri S, del Rio S, Cai L, Liang H, Drapkin BJ, Minna JD, Yu Y. Induced degradation of lineage-specific oncoproteins drives the therapeutic vulnerability of small cell lung cancer to PARP inhibitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh2579. [PMID: 38241363 PMCID: PMC10798557 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Although BRCA1/2 mutations are not commonly found in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a substantial fraction of SCLC shows clinically relevant response to PARP inhibitors (PARPis). However, the underlying mechanism(s) of PARPi sensitivity in SCLC is poorly understood. We performed quantitative proteomic analyses and identified proteomic changes that signify PARPi responses in SCLC cells. We found that the vulnerability of SCLC to PARPi could be explained by the degradation of lineage-specific oncoproteins (e.g., ASCL1). PARPi-induced activation of the E3 ligase HUWE1 mediated the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-dependent ASCL1 degradation. Although PARPi induced a general DNA damage response in SCLC cells, this signal generated a cell-specific response in ASCL1 degradation, leading to the identification of HUWE1 expression as a predictive biomarker for PARPi. Combining PARPi with agents targeting these pathways markedly improved therapeutic response in SCLC. The degradation of lineage-specific oncoproteins therefore represents a previously unidentified mechanism for PARPi efficacy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwei Hao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qing Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Seoyeon Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yikai Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Huffman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shreoshi Pal Choudhuri
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sofia del Rio
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Drapkin
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John D. Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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24
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Sacdalan DB, Ul Haq S, Lok BH. Plasma Cell-Free Tumor Methylome as a Biomarker in Solid Tumors: Biology and Applications. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:482-500. [PMID: 38248118 PMCID: PMC10814449 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental mechanism of epigenetic control in cells and its dysregulation is strongly implicated in cancer development. Cancers possess an extensively hypomethylated genome with focal regions of hypermethylation at CPG islands. Due to the highly conserved nature of cancer-specific methylation, its detection in cell-free DNA in plasma using liquid biopsies constitutes an area of interest in biomarker research. The advent of next-generation sequencing and newer computational technologies have allowed for the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that utilize methylation profiling to diagnose disease and stratify risk. Methylome-based predictive biomarkers can determine the response to anti-cancer therapy. An additional emerging application of these biomarkers is in minimal residual disease monitoring. Several key challenges need to be addressed before cfDNA-based methylation biomarkers become fully integrated into practice. The first relates to the biology and stability of cfDNA. The second concerns the clinical validity and generalizability of methylation-based assays, many of which are cancer type-specific. The third involves their practicability, which is a stumbling block for translating technologies from bench to clinic. Future work on developing pan-cancer assays with their respective validities confirmed using well-designed, prospective clinical trials is crucial in pushing for the greater use of these tools in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Benedict Sacdalan
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Sami Ul Haq
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Lok
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Room 15-701, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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25
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Wang HX, Zhao ZP, Du XY, Peng SL, Xu HY, Tang W, Yang L. SLFN11 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2024; 41:54. [PMID: 38206539 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
SLFN11 is abnormally expressed and associated with survival outcomes in various human cancers. However, the role of SLFN11 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value and potential functions of SLFN11 in ccRCC. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were performed using online databases. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting were used to validate the expression data. CCK8, flow cytometry analysis, and EdU staining were performed to determine the level of cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was also used to detect cell apoptosis. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion capability, respectively. SLFN11 was overexpressed and was an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC. SLFN11 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses suggested that SLFN11 may have an impact on tumorigenesis in ccRCC through regulation of the inflammatory response, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and other effectors. Furthermore, SLFN11 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and could be activated by 740 Y-P. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-183 may specifically target SLFN11, and miR-183 expression was correlated with predicted survival. SLFN11 may play a critical role in ccRCC progression and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Xi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Sen-Lin Peng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hao-Yu Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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26
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Zullo L, Dall’Olio FG, Rossi G, Dellepiane C, Barletta G, Bennicelli E, Ingaliso M, Tagliamento M, Genova C. Molecular and Genetic Advances in Small Cell Lung Cancer Landscape: From Homogeneity to Diversity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:224. [PMID: 38203395 PMCID: PMC10779291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been historically considered a homogeneous disease and thus approached as a single entity when it comes to clinical studies design and new treatments developments. However, increasing knowledge in the genetic and molecular landscape of this disease challenges this concept, opening the possibility that different subtypes might show differential vulnerability to treatments. In this narrative review, we gather the most relevant advances in genetic and molecular characterization of SCLC, focusing on how these discoveries may be used to design the path for a personalized treatment approach. Indeed, we discuss the new classification based on differential protein expression, the prevalence and significance of oncogenic drivers (e.g., EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements) in SCLC, the genetic characteristics of SCLC in patients with no smoking history, and the existing evidence supporting the use of liquid biopsy for capturing the heterogeneity of the disease. We use the keywords "small cell lung cancer", "SCLC", "EGFR", "ALK", "histological transformation", and "transcriptional factors" to identify original research manuscripts, clinical trials, case reports, and case series from PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodovica Zullo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università Degli Studi di Genova, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Departement de Medicine Oncologique, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Filippo Gustavo Dall’Olio
- Departement de Medicine Oncologique, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.R.); (C.D.); (G.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.R.); (C.D.); (G.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Giulia Barletta
- Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.R.); (C.D.); (G.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bennicelli
- Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.R.); (C.D.); (G.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Marta Ingaliso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
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27
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Fujiwara K, Maekawa M, Iimori Y, Ogawa A, Urano T, Kono N, Takeda H, Higashiyama S, Arita M, Murai J. The crucial role of single-stranded DNA binding in enhancing sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents for Schlafen 11 and Schlafen 13. iScience 2023; 26:108529. [PMID: 38125019 PMCID: PMC10730379 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schlafen (SLFN) 11 enhances cellular sensitivity to various DNA-damaging anticancer agents. Among the human SLFNs (SLFN5/11/12/13/14), SLFN11 is unique in its drug sensitivity and ability to block replication under DNA damage. In biochemical analysis, SLFN11 binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and this binding is enhanced by the dephosphorylation of SLFN11. In this study, human cell-based assays demonstrated that a point mutation at the ssDNA-binding site of SLFN11 or a constitutive phosphorylation mutant abolished SLFN11-dependent drug sensitivity. Additionally, we discovered that nuclear SLFN13 with a point mutation mimicking the DNA-binding site of SLFN11 was recruited to chromatin, blocked replication, and enhanced drug sensitivity. Through generating multiple mutants and structure analyses of SLFN11 and SLFN13, we identified protein phosphatase 2A as a binding partner of SLFN11 and the putative binding motif in SLFN11. These findings provide crucial insights into the unique characteristics of SLFN11, contributing to a better understanding of its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujiwara
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki Iimori
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akane Ogawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kono
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Proteo-Drug-Discovery, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Tumor Regulation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-Ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Junko Murai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Lei P, Ju Y, Peng F, Luo J. Applications and advancements of CRISPR-Cas in the treatment of lung cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1295084. [PMID: 38188023 PMCID: PMC10768725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1295084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most malignant diseases and a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide due to the deficiency of early diagnosis and effective therapy that are of great importance for patient prognosis and quality of life. Over the past decade, the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system has significantly propelled the progress of both fundamental research and clinical trials of lung cancer. In this review, we review the current applications of the CRISPR/Cas system in diagnosis, target identification, and treatment resistance of lung cancer. Furthermore, we summarize the development of lung cancer animal models and delivery methods based on CRISPR system, providing novel insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lei
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Ju
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jianyang City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Chen H, Hu Y, Zhuang Z, Wang D, Ye Z, Jing J, Cheng X. Advancements and Obstacles of PARP Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5114. [PMID: 37958290 PMCID: PMC10647262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common and aggressive cancer of the digestive system, exhibiting high aggressiveness and significant heterogeneity. Despite advancements in improving survival rates over the past few decades, GC continues to carry a worrisome prognosis and notable mortality. As a result, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to address GC. Recent targeted sequencing studies have revealed frequent mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes in many GC patients. These mutations lead to an increased reliance on poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for DNA repair, making PARP inhibitors (PARPi) a promising treatment option for GC. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the rationale and development of PARPi, highlighting its progress and challenges in both preclinical and clinical research for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.C.); (Y.H.); (D.W.)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Yangchan Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.C.); (Y.H.); (D.W.)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Zirui Zhuang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.C.); (Y.H.); (D.W.)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Zu Ye
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ji Jing
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Phan Z, Ford CE, Caldon CE. DNA repair biomarkers to guide usage of combined PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106927. [PMID: 37717683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The addition of PARP inhibitors to chemotherapy has been assessed in > 80 clinical trials across multiple malignancies, on the premise that PARP inhibitors will increase chemotherapy effectiveness regardless of whether cancers have underlying disruption of DNA repair pathways. Consequently, the majority of combination therapy trials have been performed on patients without biomarker selection, despite the use of homologous recombination deficiency to dictate use of PARP inhibitors in the maintenance setting. An unresolved question is whether biomarkers are needed to identify patients who respond to combination PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy. METHODS A systematic literature review identified studies using PARP inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, where the study included a biomarker of DNA repair function (BRCA1, BRCA2, homologous recombination deficiency test, ATM, ERCC1, SLFN11). Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse-variance, and fixed or random effects modelling. Subgroup analyses were conducted on biomarker selection and type of malignancy. RESULTS Nine studies comprising 2547 patients met the inclusion criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly better in patients with a DNA repair biomarker (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.48-0.68, p < 0.00001), but there was no benefit in patients who lacked a biomarker (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.82-1.08, p = 0.38). Subgroup analysis showed that BRCA status and SLFN11 biomarkers could predict benefit, and biomarker-driven benefit occurred in ovarian, breast and small cell lung cancers. The addition of PARP inhibitors to chemotherapy was associated with increased grade 3/4 side effects, and particularly neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy only improves PFS in patients with identifiable DNA repair biomarkers. This indicates that PARP inhibitors do not sensitise patients to chemotherapy treatment, except where their cancer has a homologous recombination defect, or an alternative biomarker of altered DNA repair. While effective in patients with DNA repair biomarkers, there is a risk of high-grade haematological side-effects with the use of combination therapy. Thus, the benefit in PFS from combination therapy must be weighed against potential adverse effects, as individual arms of treatment can also confer benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Phan
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Caroline E Ford
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Doha ZO, Sears RC. Unraveling MYC's Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:400-419. [PMID: 37755397 PMCID: PMC10537413 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types. MYC has emerged as a master regulator governing tumor intrinsic and tumor microenvironment interactions, supporting tumor progression and driving drug resistance. This review paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of the intricate mechanisms through which MYC influences tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. We delve into the signaling pathways and molecular networks orchestrated by MYC in the context of tumor intrinsic characteristics, such as proliferation, replication stress and DNA repair. Furthermore, we explore the impact of MYC on the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion, angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast remodeling. Understanding MYC's multifaceted role in driving drug resistance and tumor progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies and combination treatments that may effectively combat this devastating disease. Through an analysis of the current literature, this review's goal is to shed light on the complexities of MYC-driven oncogenesis and its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab O. Doha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Wallbillich NJ, Lu H. Role of c-Myc in lung cancer: Progress, challenges, and prospects. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2023; 1:129-138. [PMID: 37920609 PMCID: PMC10621893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the recent advances in cancer therapies, the 5-year survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients hovers around 20%. Inherent and acquired resistance to therapies (including radiation, chemotherapies, targeted drugs, and combination therapies) has become a significant obstacle in the successful treatment of NSCLC. c-Myc, one of the critical oncoproteins, has been shown to be heavily associated with the malignant cancer phenotype, including rapid proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance across multiple cancer types. The c-Myc proto-oncogene is amplified in small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and overexpressed in over 50% of NSCLCs. c-Myc is known to actively regulate the transcription of cancer stemness genes that are recognized as major contributors to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; thus, targeting c-Myc either directly or indirectly in mitigation of the cancer stemness phenotype becomes a promising approach for development of a new strategy against drug resistant lung cancers. This review will summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying c-Myc regulation of cancer stemness and its involvement in drug resistance and offer an overview on the current progress and future prospects in therapeutically targeting c-Myc in both SCLC and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wallbillich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Ingham M, Allred JB, Chen L, Das B, Kochupurakkal B, Gano K, George S, Attia S, Burgess MA, Seetharam M, Boikos SA, Bui N, Chen JL, Close JL, Cote GM, Thaker PH, Ivy SP, Bose S, D'Andrea A, Marino-Enriquez A, Shapiro GI, Schwartz GK. Phase II Study of Olaparib and Temozolomide for Advanced Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (NCI Protocol 10250). J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4154-4163. [PMID: 37467452 PMCID: PMC10852403 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is an aggressive subtype of soft-tissue sarcoma with frequent metastatic relapse after curative surgery. Chemotherapy provides limited benefit for advanced disease. Multiomics profiling studies have identified homologous recombination deficiency in uLMS. In preclinical studies where olaparib and temozolomide provided modest activity, the combination was highly effective for inhibiting uLMS tumor growth. PATIENTS AND METHODS NCI Protocol 10250 is a single-arm, open-label, multicenter, phase II study evaluating olaparib and temozolomide in advanced uLMS. Patients with progression on ≥1 prior line received temozolomide 75 mg/m2 orally once daily with olaparib 200 mg orally twice a day both on days 1-7 in 21-day cycles. The primary end point was the best objective response rate (ORR) within 6 months. A one-stage binomial design was used. If ≥5 of 22 responded, the treatment would be considered promising (93% power; α = .06). All patients underwent paired biopsies that were evaluated with whole-exome sequencing (WES)/RNAseq and a RAD51 foci formation assay. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were evaluable. The median age was 55 years, and 59% had received three or more prior lines. Best ORR within 6 months was 23% (5 of 22). The overall ORR was 27% (6 of 22). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.4 months to not estimable). Hematologic toxicity was common (grade 3/4 neutropenia: 75%; thrombocytopenia: 32%) but manageable with dose modification. Five of 16 (31%) of tumors contained a deleterious homologous recombination gene alteration by WES, and 9 of 18 (50%) were homologous recombination-deficient by the RAD51 assay. In an exploratory analysis, mPFS was prolonged for patients with homologous recombination-deficient versus homologous recombination-proficient tumors (11.2 v 5.4 months, P = .05) by RAD51. CONCLUSION Olaparib and temozolomide met the prespecified primary end point and provided meaningful clinical benefit in patients with advanced, pretreated uLMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Chen
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Biswasjit Das
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | - Suzanne George
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Melissa A. Burgess
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Nam Bui
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Julia L. Close
- University of Florida/UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | | | - Sminu Bose
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan D'Andrea
- Center for DNA Damage Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adrian Marino-Enriquez
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Center for DNA Damage Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Hu X, Xie J, Yang Y, Qiu Z, Lu W, Lin X, Xu B. Multi-Target Neural Differentiation (MTND) Therapeutic Cocktail to Suppress Brain Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12329. [PMID: 37569705 PMCID: PMC10418641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors have been proved challenging to treat. Here we established a Multi-Target Neural Differentiation (MTND) therapeutic cocktail to achieve effective and safe treatment of brain malignancies by targeting the important hallmarks in brain cancers: poor cell differentiation and compromised cell cycle. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments confirmed the significant therapeutic effect of our MTND therapy. Significantly improved therapeutic effects over current first-line chemo-drugs have been identified in clinical cells, with great inhibition of the growth and migration of tumor cells. Further in-vivo experiments confirmed that sustained MTND treatment showed a 73% reduction of the tumor area. MTND also induced strong expression of phenotypes associated with cell cycle exit/arrest and rapid neural reprograming from clinical glioma cells to glutamatergic and GABAergic expressing cells, which are two key neuronal types involved in many human brain functions, including learning and memory. Collectively, MTND induced multi-targeted genotypic expression changes to achieve direct neural conversion of glioma cells and controlled the cell cycle/tumorigenesis development, helping control tumor cells' malignant proliferation and making it possible to treat brain malignant tumors effectively and safely. These encouraging results open avenues to developing new therapies for brain malignancies beyond cytotoxic agents, providing more effective medication recommendations with reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jingdun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Yilin Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ziyi Qiu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Weicheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Xudong Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
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Dexheimer TS, Coussens NP, Silvers T, Wright J, Morris J, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Multicellular Complex Tumor Spheroid Response to DNA Repair Inhibitors in Combination with DNA-damaging Drugs. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1648-1661. [PMID: 37637936 PMCID: PMC10452929 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids comprised of malignant cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells served as an in vitro model of human solid tumors to investigate the potentiation of DNA-damaging drugs by pharmacologic modulation of DNA repair pathways. The DNA-damaging drugs, topotecan, trabectedin, and temozolomide were combined with varied inhibitors of DNA damage response enzymes including PARP (olaparib or talazoparib), ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated; AZD-1390), ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein; berzosertib or elimusertib), and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase; nedisertib or VX-984). A range of clinically achievable concentrations were tested up to the clinical Cmax, if known. Mechanistically, the types of DNA damage induced by temozolomide, topotecan, and trabectedin are distinct, which was apparent from the response of spheroids to combinations with various DNA repair inhibitors. Although most combinations resulted in additive cytotoxicity, synergistic activity was observed for temozolomide combined with PARP inhibitors as well as combinations of the ATM inhibitor AZD-1390 with either topotecan or trabectedin. These findings might provide guidance for the selection of anticancer agent combinations worthy of further investigation. Significance Clinical efficacy of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs can be influenced by the DNA damage response in tumor cells. The potentiation of DNA-damaging drugs by pharmacologic modulation of DNA repair pathways was assessed in multicellular tumor spheroids. Although most combinations demonstrated additive cytotoxicity, synergistic cytotoxicity was observed for several drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Dexheimer
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nathan P Coussens
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Wright
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Joel Morris
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
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Wong WW, O'Brien-Gortner SF, Anderson RF, Wilson WR, Hay MP, Dickson BD. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs of phenolic olaparib analogues for tumour-selective chemosensitisation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1309-1330. [PMID: 37484567 PMCID: PMC10357951 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are used for treatment of tumours with a defect in homologous recombination (HR) repair. Combination with radio- or chemotherapy could broaden their applicability but a major hurdle is enhancement of normal tissue toxicity. Development of hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) of PARPi has potential to restrict PARP inhibition to tumours thereby avoiding off-target toxicity. We have designed and synthesised phenolic derivatives of olaparib (termed phenolaparibs) and corresponding ether-linked HAPs. Phenolaparib cytotoxicity in HR-proficient and deficient cell lines was consistent with inhibition of PARP-1. Prodrugs were deactivated relative to phenolaparibs in biochemical PARP-1 inhibition assays, and cell culture. Prodrug 7 was selectively converted to phenolaparib 4 under hypoxia and demonstrated hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity, including chemosensitisation of HR-proficient cells in combination with temozolomide. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a HAP approach to PARPi for use in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way W Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Sophia F O'Brien-Gortner
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Robert F Anderson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Benjamin D Dickson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
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37
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Orchestrating smart therapeutics to achieve optimal treatment in small cell lung cancer: recent progress and future directions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:468. [PMID: 37452395 PMCID: PMC10349514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with elusive mechanism of pathogenesis and dismal prognosis. Over the past decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has been the backbone treatment for SCLC. However, subsequent chemoresistance after initial effectiveness urges researchers to explore novel therapeutic targets of SCLC. Recent years have witnessed significant improvements in targeted therapy in SCLC. New molecular candidates such as Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related protein (ATR), WEE1, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) have shown promising therapeutic utility in SCLC. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has emerged as an indispensable treatment modality for SCLC, approaches to boost efficacy and reduce toxicity as well as selection of reliable biomarkers for ICI in SCLC have remained elusive and warrants our further investigation. Given the increasing importance of precision medicine in SCLC, optimal subtyping of SCLC using multi-omics have gradually applied into clinical practice, which may identify more drug targets and better tailor treatment strategies to each individual patient. The present review summarizes recent progress and future directions in SCLC. In addition to the emerging new therapeutics, we also focus on the establishment of predictive model for early detection of SCLC. More importantly, we also propose a multi-dimensional model in the prognosis of SCLC to ultimately attain the goal of accurate treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Number 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, China.
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Yamada Y. Histogenetic and disease-relevant phenotypes in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs): The potential significance for future TET classification. Pathol Int 2023; 73:265-280. [PMID: 37278579 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) encompass morphologically various subtypes. Thus, it would be meaningful to explore the expression phenotypes that delineate each TET subtype or overarching multiple subtypes. If these profiles are related to thymic physiology, they will improve our biological understanding of TETs and may contribute to the establishment of a more rational TET classification. Against this background, pathologists have attempted to identify histogenetic features in TETs for a long time. As part of this work, our group has reported several TET expression profiles that are histotype-dependent and related to the nature of thymic epithelial cells (TECs). For example, we found that beta5t, a constituent of thymoproteasome unique to cortical TECs, is expressed mainly in type B thymomas, for which the nomenclature of cortical thymoma was once considered. Another example is the discovery that most thymic carcinomas, especially thymic squamous cell carcinomas, exhibit expression profiles similar to tuft cells, a recently discovered special type of medullary TEC. This review outlines the currently reported histogenetic phenotypes of TETs, including those related to thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis, summarizes their genetic signatures, and provides a perspective for the future direction of TET classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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39
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Moliner L, Zhang B, Lamberti G, Ardizzoni A, Byers LA, Califano R. Novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent SCLC. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:104017. [PMID: 37150311 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for patients with relapsed SCLC are limited, and the prognosis in this setting remains poor. While clinical outcomes for frontline treatment have modestly improved with the introduction of immunotherapy, treatment in the second-line setting persists almost unchanged. In this review, current treatment options and recent advances in molecular biology are described. Emerging therapeutic options in this setting and potential strategies to improve clinical outcomes of these patients are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moliner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bingnan Zhang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Raffaele Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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40
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McNamee N, da Silva IP, Nagrial A, Gao B. Small-Cell Lung Cancer-An Update on Targeted and Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8129. [PMID: 37175833 PMCID: PMC10179261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with distinct biological and clinical features. The clinical course of SCLC is generally characterised by initial sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies, followed by early relapse and broad cross resistance to second line agents. Whilst there has been an enormous expansion of effective targeted and immune-based therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the last decade, little improvement has been achieved in SCLC treatment and survival due, at least in part, to underappreciated inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Here we review the current treatment paradigm of SCLC including recent advances made in utilizing immunotherapy and the challenges of identifying a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response. We examine emerging new targeted therapies, combination immunotherapy and future directions of SCLC treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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41
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Fernandez-Cuesta L, Sexton-Oates A, Bayat L, Foll M, Lau SCM, Leal T. Spotlight on Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Other Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e390794. [PMID: 37229617 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_390794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass a spectrum of neoplasms that are subdivided into the well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors comprising the low- and intermediate-grade typical and atypical carcinoids, respectively, and the poorly differentiated, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas including large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Here, we review the current morphological and molecular classifications of the NENs on the basis of the updated WHO Classification of Thoracic Tumors and discuss the emerging subclassifications on the basis of molecular profiling and the potential therapeutic implications. We focus on the efforts in subtyping SCLC, a particularly aggressive tumor with few treatment options, and the recent advances in therapy with the adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the frontline setting for patients with extensive-stage SCLC. We further highlight the promising immunotherapy strategies in SCLC that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC-WHO, Lyons, France
| | - Alexandra Sexton-Oates
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC-WHO, Lyons, France
| | - Leyla Bayat
- Department of Medical Oncology, NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Matthieu Foll
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC-WHO, Lyons, France
| | - Sally C M Lau
- Department of Medical Oncology, NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ticiana Leal
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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42
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Huang J, Wu C, Kloeber JA, Gao H, Gao M, Zhu Q, Chang Y, Zhao F, Guo G, Luo K, Dai H, Liu S, Huang Q, Kim W, Zhou Q, Zhu S, Wu Z, Tu X, Yin P, Deng M, Wang L, Yuan J, Lou Z. SLFN5-mediated chromatin dynamics sculpt higher-order DNA repair topology. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1043-1060.e10. [PMID: 36854302 PMCID: PMC10467573 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) elicits three-dimensional (3D) chromatin topological changes. A recent finding reveals that 53BP1 assembles into a 3D chromatin topology pattern around DSBs. How this formation of a higher-order structure is configured and regulated remains enigmatic. Here, we report that SLFN5 is a critical factor for 53BP1 topological arrangement at DSBs. Using super-resolution imaging, we find that SLFN5 binds to 53BP1 chromatin domains to assemble a higher-order microdomain architecture by driving damaged chromatin dynamics at both DSBs and deprotected telomeres. Mechanistically, we propose that 53BP1 topology is shaped by two processes: (1) chromatin mobility driven by the SLFN5-LINC-microtubule axis and (2) the assembly of 53BP1 oligomers mediated by SLFN5. In mammals, SLFN5 deficiency disrupts the DSB repair topology and impairs non-homologous end joining, telomere fusions, class switch recombination, and sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. We establish a molecular mechanism that shapes higher-order chromatin topologies to safeguard genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chenming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yiming Chang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haiming Dai
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qiru Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shouhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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43
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Wang L, Wang P, Chen X, Yang H, Song S, Song Z, Jia L, Chen H, Bao X, Guo N, Huan X, Xi Y, Shen Y, Yang X, Su Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Ding J, Lang J, Miao Z, Zhang A, He J. Thioparib inhibits homologous recombination repair, activates the type I IFN response, and overcomes olaparib resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16235. [PMID: 36652375 PMCID: PMC9994488 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have shown great promise for treating BRCA-deficient tumors. However, over 40% of BRCA-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. Here, we report that thioparib, a next-generation PARPi with high affinity against multiple PARPs, including PARP1, PARP2, and PARP7, displays high antitumor activities against PARPi-sensitive and -resistant cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Thioparib treatment elicited PARP1-dependent DNA damage and replication stress, causing S-phase arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, thioparib strongly inhibited HR-mediated DNA repair while increasing RAD51 foci formation. Notably, the on-target inhibition of PARP7 by thioparib-activated STING/TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1, triggered a strong induction of type I interferons (IFNs), and resulted in tumor growth retardation in an immunocompetent mouse model. However, the inhibitory effect of thioparib on tumor growth was more pronounced in PARP1 knockout mice, suggesting that a specific PARP7 inhibitor, rather than a pan inhibitor such as thioparib, would be more relevant for clinical applications. Finally, genome-scale CRISPR screening identified PARP1 and MCRS1 as genes capable of modulating thioparib sensitivity. Taken together, thioparib, a next-generation PARPi acting on both DNA damage response and antitumor immunity, serves as a therapeutic potential for treating hyperactive HR tumors, including those resistant to earlier-generation PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Evolution and Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xiao‐Min Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shan‐Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zilan Song
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ne Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xia‐Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Yu Lang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ze‐Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin‐Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Arnold MR, Langelier MF, Gartrell J, Kirby IT, Sanderson DJ, Bejan DS, Šileikytė J, Sundalam SK, Nagarajan S, Marimuthu P, Duell AK, Shelat AA, Pascal JM, Cohen MS. Allosteric regulation of DNA binding and target residence time drive the cytotoxicity of phthalazinone-based PARP-1 inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1694-1708.e10. [PMID: 36493759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric coupling between the DNA binding site to the NAD+-binding pocket drives PARP-1 activation. This allosteric communication occurs in the reverse direction such that NAD+ mimetics can enhance PARP-1's affinity for DNA, referred to as type I inhibition. The cellular effects of type I inhibition are unknown, largely because of the lack of potent, membrane-permeable type I inhibitors. Here we identify the phthalazinone inhibitor AZ0108 as a type I inhibitor. Unlike the structurally related inhibitor olaparib, AZ0108 induces replication stress in tumorigenic cells. Synthesis of analogs of AZ0108 revealed features of AZ0108 that are required for type I inhibition. One analog, Pip6, showed similar type I inhibition of PARP-1 but was ∼90-fold more cytotoxic than AZ0108. Washout experiments suggest that the enhanced cytotoxicity of Pip6 compared with AZ0108 is due to prolonged target residence time on PARP-1. Pip6 represents a new class of PARP-1 inhibitors that may have unique anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah R Arnold
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jessica Gartrell
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ilsa T Kirby
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Daniel J Sanderson
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Daniel S Bejan
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Justina Šileikytė
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Sunil K Sundalam
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna K Duell
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA.
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Abstract
Survival for patients with aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) and pituitary carcinomas (PC) has significantly improved following the increasing use of temozolomide (TMZ) since the first reports of response in 2006. TMZ was established as first line chemotherapy for APT/PC in the 2018 ESE guidelines on the management of APT/PC. There is no controversy over its use as salvage therapy however there is increasing interest in exploring TMZ use earlier in the treatment algorithm for APT/PC. Overall response rates as reported in systematic reviews are around 40% but stable disease in another 25% illustrates the clinical effectiveness of TMZ. Response is higher among functional compared to non-functional tumours. Where maximal radiation thresholds have not been reached in a patient, combination radiotherapy and TMZ appears more effective. Whether combination TMZ and capecitabine (CAPTEM) offers increased benefit remains uncertain particularly given added toxicity. O6-methyl guanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) status is important in determining response to treatment, although examination via immunohistochemistry versus PCR-based promoter-methylation analysis remains somewhat controversial. Optimal duration of TMZ treatment has still not been determined although longer treatment courses have been associated with increased progression-free survival. Treatment options following disease progression after TMZ remain unclear but include a second course of TMZ, immunotherapy and targeted oncological agents such as bevacizumab and lapatinib as well as peptide receptor radionuclide treatment (PRRT). An experienced pituitary multidisciplinary team is essential to all management decisions in patients with APT/PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann McCormack
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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46
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Pre-Existing and Acquired Resistance to PARP Inhibitor-Induced Synthetic Lethality. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235795. [PMID: 36497275 PMCID: PMC9741207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced development of synthetic lethality has opened the doors for specific anti-cancer medications of personalized medicine and efficient therapies against cancers. One of the most popular approaches being investigated is targeting DNA repair pathways as the implementation of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) into individual or combinational therapeutic schemes. Such treatment has been effectively employed against homologous recombination-defective solid tumors as well as hematopoietic malignancies. However, the resistance to PARPi has been observed in both preclinical research and clinical treatment. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the resistance to PARPi is pivotal for the further success of this intervention. Apart from mechanisms of acquired resistance, the bone marrow microenvironment provides a pre-existing mechanism to induce the inefficiency of PARPi in leukemic cells. Here, we describe the pre-existing and acquired mechanisms of the resistance to PARPi-induced synthetic lethality. We also discuss the potential rationales for developing effective therapies to prevent/repress the PARPi resistance in cancer cells.
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47
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Pulmonary cancers across different histotypes share hybrid tuft cell/ionocyte-like molecular features and potentially druggable vulnerabilities. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:979. [PMID: 36402755 PMCID: PMC9675833 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and several other organs. Recent studies revealed tuft cell-like gene expression signatures in some pulmonary adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas (SQCC), small cell carcinomas (SCLC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Identification of their similarities could inform shared druggable vulnerabilities. Clinicopathological features of tuft cell-like (tcl) subsets in various lung cancer histotypes were studied in two independent tumor cohorts using immunohistochemistry (n = 674 and 70). Findings were confirmed, and additional characteristics were explored using public datasets (RNA seq and immunohistochemical data) (n = 555). Drug susceptibilities of tuft cell-like SCLC cell lines were also investigated. By immunohistochemistry, 10-20% of SCLC and LCNEC, and approximately 2% of SQCC expressed POU2F3, the master regulator of tuft cells. These tuft cell-like tumors exhibited "lineage ambiguity" as they co-expressed NCAM1, a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, and KRT5, a marker for squamous differentiation. In addition, tuft cell-like tumors co-expressed BCL2 and KIT, and tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC, but not SQCC, also highly expressed MYC. Data from public datasets confirmed these features and revealed that tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC co-clustered on hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, only tuft cell-like subsets among pulmonary cancers significantly expressed FOXI1, the master regulator of ionocytes, suggesting their bidirectional but immature differentiation status. Clinically, tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC had a similar prognosis. Experimentally, tuft cell-like SCLC cell lines were susceptible to PARP and BCL2 co-inhibition, indicating synergistic effects. Taken together, pulmonary tuft cell-like cancers maintain histotype-related clinicopathologic characteristics despite overlapping unique molecular features. From a therapeutic perspective, identification of tuft cell-like LCNECs might be crucial given their close kinship with tuft cell-like SCLC.
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48
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Sabet Z, Vagiannis D, Budagaga Y, Zhang Y, Novotná E, Hanke I, Rozkoš T, Hofman J. Talazoparib Does Not Interact with ABCB1 Transporter or Cytochrome P450s, but Modulates Multidrug Resistance Mediated by ABCC1 and ABCG2: An in Vitro and Ex Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214338. [PMID: 36430819 PMCID: PMC9697930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Talazoparib (Talzenna) is a novel poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that is clinically used for the therapy of breast cancer. Furthermore, the drug has shown antitumor activity against different cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this work, we investigated the possible inhibitory interactions of talazoparib toward selected ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters and cytochrome P450 biotransformation enzymes (CYPs) and evaluated its position in multidrug resistance (MDR). In accumulation studies, talazoparib interacted with the ABCC1 and ABCG2 transporters, but there were no significant effects on ABCB1. Furthermore, incubation assays revealed a negligible capacity of the tested drug to inhibit clinically relevant CYPs. In in vitro drug combination experiments, talazoparib synergistically reversed daunorubicin and mitoxantrone resistance in cells with ABCC1 and ABCG2 expression, respectively. Importantly, the position of an effective MDR modulator was further confirmed in drug combinations performed in ex vivo NSCLC patients-derived explants, whereas the possible victim role was refuted in comparative proliferation experiments. In addition, talazoparib had no significant effects on the mRNA-level expressions of MDR-related ABC transporters in the MCF-7 cellular model. In summary, our study presents a comprehensive overview on the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDI) profile of talazoparib. Moreover, we introduced talazoparib as an efficient MDR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitrios Vagiannis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Youssif Budagaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Novotná
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Hanke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Rozkoš
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-593
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Yamada Y, Bohnenberger H, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Sinn P, Goto N, Nakanishi Y, Seno H, Chigusa Y, Fujimoto M, Minamiguchi S, Haga H, Simon R, Sauter G, Ströbel P, Marx A. Tuft cell-like carcinomas: novel cancer subsets present in multiple organs sharing a unique gene expression signature. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1876-1885. [PMID: 35999270 PMCID: PMC9643388 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells playing a role in innate immunity. Recent studies revealed cancers with a tuft cell-like gene expression signature in the thorax. We wondered whether this signature might also occur in extrathoracic cancers. METHODS We examined mRNA expression of tuft cell markers (POU2F3, GFI1B, TRPM5, SOX9, CHAT, and AVIL) in 19 different types of cancers in multiple extrathoracic organs with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (N = 6322). Four different extrathoracic cancers in our local archives (N = 909) were analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Twenty-two (0.35%) extrathoracic tumours with co-expression of POU2F3 and other tuft cell markers were identified in various TCGA datasets. Twelve of the 22 "tuft cell-like tumours" shared poor differentiation and a gene expression pattern, including KIT, anti-apoptotic BCL2, and ionocyte-associated genes. In our archival cases, eleven (1.21%) tumours co-expressing POU2F3, KIT, and BCL2 on immunohistochemistry, i.e., were presumable tuft cell-like cancers. In three among five TCGA cohorts, the tuft cell-like cancer subsets expressed SLFN11, a promising biomarker of PARP inhibitor susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Tuft cell-like carcinomas form distinct subsets in cancers of many organs. It appears warranted to investigate their shared gene expression signature as a predictive biomarker for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Cancer Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norihiro Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Chigusa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Hironori Haga
- Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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50
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Baxter JS, Zatreanu D, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ. Resistance to DNA repair inhibitors in cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3811-3827. [PMID: 35567571 PMCID: PMC9627783 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) represents a complex network of proteins which detect and repair DNA damage, thereby maintaining the integrity of the genome and preventing the transmission of mutations and rearranged chromosomes to daughter cells. Faults in the DDR are a known driver and hallmark of cancer. Furthermore, inhibition of DDR enzymes can be used to treat the disease. This is exemplified by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used to treat cancers with defects in the homologous recombination DDR pathway. A series of novel DDR targets are now also under pre-clinical or clinical investigation, including inhibitors of ATR kinase, WRN helicase or the DNA polymerase/helicase Polθ (Pol-Theta). Drug resistance is a common phenomenon that impairs the overall effectiveness of cancer treatments and there is already some understanding of how resistance to PARPi occurs. Here, we discuss how an understanding of PARPi resistance could inform how resistance to new drugs targeting the DDR emerges. We also discuss potential strategies that could limit the impact of these therapy resistance mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Baxter
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Diana Zatreanu
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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