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Yang H, Luo X, Wang X, Peng Y, Li Z, He Y, Cong J, Xie T, Zhang W. The PP2A inhibitor LB-100 mitigates lupus nephritis by suppressing tertiary lymphoid structure formation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176703. [PMID: 38839028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ involvement and autoantibody production. Patients with SLE face a substantial risk of developing lupus nephritis (LN), which imposes a substantial burden on both patients and their families. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely distributed serine/threonine phosphatase that participates in regulating multiple signaling pathways. Inhibition of PP2A has been implicated in the treatment of various diseases. LB-100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, has demonstrated anti-tumor therapeutic effects and high safety profile in preclinical experiments. However, the role of PP2A and its inhibitor has been insufficiently studied in LN. In this study, we assessed the potential effects of LB-100 in both MRL/lpr mice and R848-induced BALB/c mice. Our findings indicated that LB-100 administration led to reduced spleen enlargement, decreased deposition of immune complexes, ameliorated renal damage, and improved kidney function in both spontaneous and R848-induced lupus mouse models. Importantly, we observed the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in the kidneys of two distinct lupus mouse models. The levels of signature genes of TLS were elevated in the kidneys of lupus mice, whereas LB-100 mitigated chemokine production and inhibited TLS formation. In addition, we confirmed that inhibition or knockdown of PP2A reduced the production of T cell-related chemokines by renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC). In summary, our study highlighted the renal protective potential of the PP2A inhibitor LB-100 in two distinct lupus mouse models, suggesting its potential as a novel strategy for treating LN and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhilan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yifei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing Cong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Weiru Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Golivi Y, Kumari S, Farran B, Alam A, Peela S, Nagaraju GP. Small molecular inhibitors: Therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104053. [PMID: 38849028 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), a disease with high heterogeneity and a dense stromal microenvironment, presents significant challenges and a bleak prognosis. Recent breakthroughs have illuminated the crucial interplay among RAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and hedgehog pathways in PC progression. Small molecular inhibitors have emerged as a potential solution with their advantages of oral administration and the ability to target intracellular and extracellular sites effectively. However, despite the US FDA approving over 100 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs, challenges such as low response rates and drug resistance persist. This review delves into the possibility of using small molecules to treat persistent or spreading PC, highlighting the challenges and the urgent need for a diverse selection of inhibitors to develop more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvasri Golivi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, RJ 304 022, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Afroz Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, RJ 304 022, India
| | - Sujatha Peela
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532001, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Dias MH, Friskes A, Wang S, Fernandes Neto JM, van Gemert F, Mourragui S, Papagianni C, Kuiken HJ, Mainardi S, Alvarez-Villanueva D, Lieftink C, Morris B, Dekker A, van Dijk E, Wilms LH, da Silva MS, Jansen RA, Mulero-Sánchez A, Malzer E, Vidal A, Santos C, Salazar R, Wailemann RA, Torres TE, De Conti G, Raaijmakers JA, Snaebjornsson P, Yuan S, Qin W, Kovach JS, Armelin HA, te Riele H, van Oudenaarden A, Jin H, Beijersbergen RL, Villanueva A, Medema RH, Bernards R. Paradoxical Activation of Oncogenic Signaling as a Cancer Treatment Strategy. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1276-1301. [PMID: 38533987 PMCID: PMC11215412 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer homeostasis depends on a balance between activated oncogenic pathways driving tumorigenesis and engagement of stress response programs that counteract the inherent toxicity of such aberrant signaling. Although inhibition of oncogenic signaling pathways has been explored extensively, there is increasing evidence that overactivation of the same pathways can also disrupt cancer homeostasis and cause lethality. We show here that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) hyperactivates multiple oncogenic pathways and engages stress responses in colon cancer cells. Genetic and compound screens identify combined inhibition of PP2A and WEE1 as synergistic in multiple cancer models by collapsing DNA replication and triggering premature mitosis followed by cell death. This combination also suppressed the growth of patient-derived tumors in vivo. Remarkably, acquired resistance to this drug combination suppressed the ability of colon cancer cells to form tumors in vivo. Our data suggest that paradoxical activation of oncogenic signaling can result in tumor-suppressive resistance. Significance: A therapy consisting of deliberate hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling combined with perturbation of the stress responses that result from this is very effective in animal models of colon cancer. Resistance to this therapy is associated with loss of oncogenic signaling and reduced oncogenic capacity, indicative of tumor-suppressive drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Henrique Dias
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anoek Friskes
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Siying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Joao M. Fernandes Neto
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Frank van Gemert
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Soufiane Mourragui
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Chrysa Papagianni
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik J. Kuiken
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sara Mainardi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Villanueva
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ben Morris
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna Dekker
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Emma van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lieke H.S. Wilms
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcelo S. da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Robin A. Jansen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Antonio Mulero-Sánchez
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elke Malzer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Xenopat S.L., Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Santos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Salazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Thompson E.P. Torres
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giulia De Conti
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonne A. Raaijmakers
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Petur Snaebjornsson
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - John S. Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., Pasadena, California.
| | - Hugo A. Armelin
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hein te Riele
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Haojie Jin
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Roderick L. Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Xenopat S.L., Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rene H. Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rene Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Clark MC, Lu RO, Ho WS, Dias MH, Bernards R, Forman SJ. A combination of protein phosphatase 2A inhibition and checkpoint immunotherapy: a perfect storm. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38932511 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a potent new tool in the war on cancer. However, only a subset of cancer patients benefit from this therapeutic modality, sparking a search for combination therapies to increase the fraction of responding patients. We argue here that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a promising approach to increase responses to immune checkpoint blockade and other therapies that rely on the presence of tumor-reactive T cells. Inhibition of PP2A increases neoantigen expression on tumor cells, activates the cGAS/STING pathway, suppresses regulatory T cells, and increases cytotoxic T cell activation. In preclinical models, inhibition of PP2A synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade and emerging evidence indicates that patients who have tumors with mutations in PP2A respond better to immune checkpoint blockade. Therefore, inhibition of PP2A activity may be an effective way to sensitize cancer cells to immune checkpoint blockade and cell-based therapies using tumor-reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Clark
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Project Development, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rongze Olivia Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Winson S Ho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matheus Henrique Dias
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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5
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Remmerie M, Dok R, Wang Z, Omella JD, Alen S, Cokelaere C, Lenaerts L, Dreesen E, Nuyts S, Derua R, Janssens V. The PPP2R1A cancer hotspot mutant p.R183W increases clofarabine resistance in uterine serous carcinoma cells by a gain-of-function mechanism. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00963-5. [PMID: 38888850 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is generally associated with poor prognosis due to a high recurrence rate and frequent treatment resistance; hence, there is a need for improved therapeutic strategies. Molecular analysis of USC identified several molecular markers, useful to improve current treatments or identify new druggable targets. PPP2R1A, encoding the Aα subunit of the tumor suppressive Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A, is mutated in up to 40% of USCs. Here, we investigated the effect of the p.R183W PPP2R1A hotspot variant on treatment response to the nucleoside analogue clofarabine. METHODS AND RESULTS USC cells stably expressing p.R183W Aα showed increased resistance to clofarabine treatment in vitro and, corroborated by decreased clofarabine-induced apoptosis, G1 phase arrest, DNA-damage (γH2AX) and activation of ATM and Chk1/2 kinases. Phenotypic rescue by pharmacologic PP2A inhibition or dicer-substrate siRNA (dsiRNA)-mediated B56δ subunit knockdown supported a gain-of-function mechanism of Aα p.R183W, promoting dephosphorylation and inactivation of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), the cellular enzyme responsible for the conversion of clofarabine into its bioactive form. Therapeutic assessment of related nucleoside analogues (gemcitabine, cladribine) revealed similar effects, but in a cell line-dependent manner. Expression of two other PPP2R1A USC mutants (p.P179R or p.S256F) did not affect clofarabine response in our cell models, arguing for mutant-specific effects on treatment outcome as well. CONCLUSIONS While our results call for PPP2R1A mutant and context-dependent effects upon clofarabine/nucleoside analogue monotherapy, combining clofarabine with a pharmacologic PP2A inhibitor proved synergistically in all tested conditions, highlighting a new generally applicable strategy to improve treatment outcome in USC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Remmerie
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Judit Domènech Omella
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Alen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Célie Cokelaere
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Lisa Lenaerts
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Erwin Dreesen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- SybioMA, Proteomics Core Facility, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
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Sun X, Song H, Sun X, Liao C, Wang G, Xu Y, Li L, Han Y, Xu C, Wang W, Cai S, Liang H, Yu H. A 15-Inflammation-Related Gene Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Invest 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38616304 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2340577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and PDAC-related inflammatory tumor microenvironment facilitates tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, we aimed to study the association between inflammatory response and prognosis in patients with PDAC. We conducted the whole transcriptomic sequencing using tissue samples collected from patients diagnosed with PDAC (n = 106) recruited from Shandong Cancer Hospital. We first constructed a prognostic signature using 15 inflammation-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 177) and further validated it in an independent International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort (n = 90) and our in-house cohort. PDAC patients with a higher risk score had poorer overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001; HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.94-4.70). The association between the prognostic signature and OS remained significant in the multivariable Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, alcohol exposure, diabetes, and stage (P < 0.001; HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.73-4.89). This gene signature also robustly predicted prognosis in the ICGC cohort (P = 0.01; HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.14-3.30) and our cohort (P < 0.001; HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.45-3.97). Immune subtype C3 (inflammatory) was enriched and CD8+ T cells were higher in patients with a lower risk score (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PDAC patients with higher risk scores were more sensitive to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and PARP inhibitors (P < 0.05). In sum, we identified a novel gene signature that was associated with inflammatory response for risk stratification, prognosis prediction, and therapy guidance in PDAC patients. Future studies are warranted to validate the clinical utility of the signature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yu Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Leo Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Han
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shangli Cai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
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7
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Nguyen A, Mustafa AHM, Leydecker AK, Halilovic M, Murr J, Butter F, Krämer OH. The protein phosphatase-2A subunit PR130 is involved in the formation of cytotoxic protein aggregates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:217. [PMID: 38570831 PMCID: PMC10993613 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a major source of cellular serine and threonine phosphatase activity, protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) modulates signaling pathways in health and disease. PP2A complexes consist of catalytic, scaffolding, and B-type subunits. Seventeen PP2A B-type subunits direct PP2A complexes to selected substrates. It is ill-defined how PP2A B-type subunits determine the growth and drug responsiveness of tumor cells. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with poor prognosis. We analyzed the responses of murine and human mesenchymal and epithelial PDAC cells to the specific PP2A inhibitor phendione. We assessed protein levels by immunoblot and proteomics and cell fate by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and genetic manipulation. We show that murine mesenchymal PDAC cells express significantly higher levels of the PP2A B-type subunit PR130 than epithelial PDAC cells. This overexpression of PR130 is associated with a dependency of such metastasis-prone cells on the catalytic activity of PP2A. Phendione induces apoptosis and an accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates in murine mesenchymal and human PDAC cells. These processes occur independently of the frequently mutated tumor suppressor p53. Proteomic analyses reveal that phendione upregulates the chaperone HSP70 in mesenchymal PDAC cells. Inhibition of HSP70 promotes phendione-induced apoptosis and phendione promotes a proteasomal degradation of PR130. Genetic elimination of PR130 sensitizes murine and human PDAC cells to phendione-induced apoptosis and protein aggregate formation. These data suggest that the PP2A-PR130 complex dephosphorylates and thereby prevents the aggregation of proteins in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nguyen
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher St. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher St. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Alessa K Leydecker
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher St. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Melisa Halilovic
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher St. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Janine Murr
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher St. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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8
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Williams KB, Larsson AT, Keller BJ, Chaney KE, Williams RL, Bhunia MM, Draper GM, Jubenville TA, Rathe SK, Moertel CL, Ratner N, Largaespada DA. Pharmacogenomic synthetic lethal screens reveal hidden vulnerabilities and new therapeutic approaches for treatment of NF1-associated tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.585959. [PMID: 38585724 PMCID: PMC10996510 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.585959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common cancer predisposition syndrome, caused by heterozygous loss of function mutations in the tumor suppressor gene NF1. Individuals with NF1 develop benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system (neurofibromas), originating from the Schwann cell linage after somatic loss of the wild type NF1 allele, some of which progress further to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). There is only one FDA approved targeted therapy for symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas and none approved for MPNST. The genetic basis of NF1 syndrome makes associated tumors ideal for using synthetic drug sensitivity approaches to uncover therapeutic vulnerabilities. We developed a drug discovery pipeline to identify therapeutics for NF1-related tumors using isogeneic pairs of NF1-proficient and deficient immortalized human Schwann cells. We utilized these in a large-scale high throughput screen (HTS) for drugs that preferentially kill NF1-deficient cells, through which we identified 23 compounds capable of killing NF1-deficient Schwann cells with selectivity. Multiple hits from this screen clustered into classes defined by method of action. Four clinically interesting drugs from these classes were tested in vivo using both a genetically engineered mouse model of high-grade peripheral nerve sheath tumors and human MPNST xenografts. All drugs tested showed single agent efficacy in these models as well as significant synergy when used in combination with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. This HTS platform yielded novel therapeutically relevant compounds for the treatment of NF1-associated tumors and can serve as a tool to rapidly evaluate new compounds and combinations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alex T Larsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bryant J Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine E Chaney
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rory L Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Minu M Bhunia
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Garrett M Draper
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tyler A Jubenville
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sue K Rathe
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher L Moertel
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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9
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Tziortzouda P, Steyaert J, Scheveneels W, Sicart A, Stoklund Dittlau K, Barbosa Correia AM, Burg T, Pal A, Hermann A, Van Damme P, Moens TG, Van Den Bosch L. PP2A and GSK3 act as modifiers of FUS-ALS by modulating mitochondrial transport. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:41. [PMID: 38363426 PMCID: PMC10873455 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease which currently lacks effective treatments. Mutations in the RNA-binding protein FUS are a common cause of familial ALS, accounting for around 4% of the cases. Understanding the mechanisms by which mutant FUS becomes toxic to neurons can provide insight into the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic ALS. We have previously observed that overexpression of wild-type or ALS-mutant FUS in Drosophila motor neurons is toxic, which allowed us to screen for novel genetic modifiers of the disease. Using a genome-wide screening approach, we identified Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) as novel modifiers of FUS-ALS. Loss of function or pharmacological inhibition of either protein rescued FUS-associated lethality in Drosophila. Consistent with a conserved role in disease pathogenesis, pharmacological inhibition of both proteins rescued disease-relevant phenotypes, including mitochondrial trafficking defects and neuromuscular junction failure, in patient iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons (iPSC-sMNs). In FUS-ALS flies, mice, and human iPSC-sMNs, we observed reduced GSK3 inhibitory phosphorylation, suggesting that FUS dysfunction results in GSK3 hyperactivity. Furthermore, we found that PP2A acts upstream of GSK3, affecting its inhibitory phosphorylation. GSK3 has previously been linked to kinesin-1 hyperphosphorylation. We observed this in both flies and iPSC-sMNs, and we rescued this hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting GSK3 or PP2A. Moreover, increasing the level of kinesin-1 expression in our Drosophila model strongly rescued toxicity, confirming the relevance of kinesin-1 hyperphosphorylation. Our data provide in vivo evidence that PP2A and GSK3 are disease modifiers, and reveal an unexplored mechanistic link between PP2A, GSK3, and kinesin-1, that may be central to the pathogenesis of FUS-ALS and sporadic forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Tziortzouda
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Steyaert
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Scheveneels
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adria Sicart
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriana Margarida Barbosa Correia
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Instituto Superior Técnico-Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thibaut Burg
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arun Pal
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas G Moens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Guo M, Li Z, Gu M, Gu J, You Q, Wang L. Targeting phosphatases: From molecule design to clinical trials. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116031. [PMID: 38101039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase is a kind of enzyme that can dephosphorylate target proteins, which can be divided into serine/threonine phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase according to its mode of action. Current evidence showed multiple phosphatases were highly correlated with diseases including various cancers, demonstrating them as potential targets. However, currently, targeting phosphatases with small molecules faces many challenges, resulting in no drug approved. In this case, phosphatases are even regarded as "undruggable" targets for a long time. Recently, a variety of strategies have been adopted in the design of small molecule inhibitors targeting phosphatases, leading many of them to enter into the clinical trials. In this review, we classified these inhibitors into 4 types, including (1) molecular glues, (2) small molecules targeting catalytic sites, (3) allosteric inhibition, and (4) bifunctional molecules (proteolysis targeting chimeras, PROTACs). These molecules with diverse strategies prove the feasibility of phosphatases as drug targets. In addition, the combination therapy of phosphatase inhibitors with other drugs has also entered clinical trials, which suggests a broad prospect. Thus, targeting phosphatases with small molecules by different strategies is emerging as a promising way in the modulation of pathogenetic phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zekun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingxiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junrui Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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11
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Johnson H, Narayan S, Sharma AK. Altering phosphorylation in cancer through PP2A modifiers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38184584 PMCID: PMC10770906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase integral to the regulation of many cellular processes. Due to the deregulation of PP2A in cancer, many of these processes are turned toward promoting tumor progression. Considerable research has been undertaken to discover molecules capable of modulating PP2A activity in cancer. Because PP2A is capable of immense substrate specificity across many cellular processes, the therapeutic targeting of PP2A in cancer can be completed through either enzyme inhibitors or activators. PP2A modulators likewise tend to be effective in drug-resistant cancers and work synergistically with other known cancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the patterns of PP2A deregulation in cancer, and its known downstream signaling pathways important for cancer regulation, along with many activators and inhibitors of PP2A known to inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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12
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Pillai M, Lafortune P, Dabo A, Yu H, Park SS, Taluru H, Ahmed H, Bobrow D, Sattar Z, Jundi B, Reece J, Ortega RR, Soto B, Yewedalsew S, Foronjy R, Wyman A, Geraghty P, Ohlmeyer M. Small-Molecule Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Counters Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1659-1672. [PMID: 37974628 PMCID: PMC10644462 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine-threonine phosphatase, is reduced in the lung fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether the reactivation of PP2A could reduce fibrosis and preserve the pulmonary function in a bleomycin (BLM) mouse model. Here, we present a new class of direct small-molecule PP2A activators, diarylmethyl-pyran-sulfonamide, exemplified by ATUX-1215. ATUX-1215 has improved metabolic stability and bioavailability compared to our previously described PP2A activators. Primary human lung fibroblasts were exposed to ATUX-1215 and an older generation PP2A activator in combination with TGFβ. ATUX-1215 treatment enhanced the PP2A activity, reduced the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and reduced the TGFβ-induced expression of ACTA2, FN1, COL1A1, and COL3A1. C57BL/6J mice were administered 5 mg/kg ATUX-1215 daily following intratracheal instillation of BLM. Three weeks later, forced oscillation and expiratory measurements were performed using the Scireq Flexivent System. ATUX-1215 prevented BLM-induced lung physiology changes, including the preservation of normal PV loop, compliance, tissue elastance, and forced vital capacity. PP2A activity was enhanced with ATUX-1215 and reduced collagen deposition within the lungs. ATUX-1215 also prevented the BLM induction of Acta2, Ccn2, and Fn1 gene expression. Treatment with ATUX-1215 reduced the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt and the secretion of IL-12p70, GM-CSF, and IL1α in BLM-treated animals. Delayed treatment with ATUX-1215 was also observed to slow the progression of lung fibrosis. In conclusion, our study indicates that the decrease in PP2A activity, which occurs in fibroblasts from the lungs of IPF subjects, could be restored with ATUX-1215 administration as an antifibrotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshach Pillai
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Pascale Lafortune
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Abdoulaye Dabo
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Howard Yu
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Sangmi S. Park
- Department
of Cell Biology, The State University of
New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Harsha Taluru
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Huma Ahmed
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Dylan Bobrow
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Bakr Jundi
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Joshua Reece
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Romy Rodriguez Ortega
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Brian Soto
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Selome Yewedalsew
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Anne Wyman
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
- Department
of Cell Biology, The State University of
New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
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13
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Feng Y, Massarelli E, Forman E, Kovach JS, Salgia R, Synold TW. An LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of LB-100 and its active metabolite, endothall, in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1095-1107. [PMID: 37584370 PMCID: PMC10505989 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed and validated a novel LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of LB-100 and its active metabolite, endothall, in human plasma following solid-phase extraction. LB-105 and endothall-D6 were used as internal standards. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypercarb™ column using 5 mM (NH4)2CO3 and 30:70 (v/v) 100 mM (NH4)2CO3:acetonitrile as mobile phases. Detection was performed via positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. The assay exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 2.5-500 ng/ml for both analytes. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were within ±11%. LB-100 and endothall recoveries were 78.7 and 86.7%, respectively. The validated LC-MS/MS method enabled the accurate measurement of LB-100 and endothall in patient samples from an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04560972).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eric Forman
- LIXTE Biotechnology, Inc. 680 E Colorado Blvd, Suite 180, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - John S Kovach
- LIXTE Biotechnology, Inc. 680 E Colorado Blvd, Suite 180, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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14
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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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15
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Biswas H, Makinwa Y, Zou Y. Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11684. [PMID: 37511442 PMCID: PMC10380702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is recognized as having an important role in cancer growth and treatment. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has shown significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. ATR inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effectiveness, not just as monotherapies but also in enhancing the effects of standard chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. The biological basis of ATR is examined in this review, as well as its functional significance in the development and therapy of cancer, and the justification for inhibiting this target as a therapeutic approach, including an assessment of the progress and status of previous decades' development of effective and selective ATR inhibitors. The current applications of these inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations as single medicines or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy are also fully reviewed. This review concludes with some insights into the many concerns highlighted or identified with ATR inhibitors in both the preclinical and clinical contexts, as well as potential remedies proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (H.B.); (Y.M.)
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16
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Jiang TY, Cui XW, Zeng TM, Pan YF, Lin YK, Feng XF, Tan YX, Yuan ZG, Dong LW, Wang HY. PTEN deficiency facilitates gemcitabine efficacy in cancer by modulating the phosphorylation of PP2Ac and DCK. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd7464. [PMID: 37437018 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add7464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that has been successfully used in the treatment of multiple cancers. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance reduces the chemotherapeutic potential of gemcitabine. Here, we revealed a previously unappreciated mechanism by which phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers, dominates the decision-making process that is central to the regulation of gemcitabine efficacy in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). By investigating a gemcitabine-treated CCA cohort, we found that PTEN deficiency was correlated with the improved efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Using cell-based drug sensitivity assays, cell line-derived xenograft, and patient-derived xenograft models, we further confirmed that PTEN deficiency or genetic-engineering down-regulation of PTEN facilitated gemcitabine efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PTEN directly binds to and dephosphorylates the C terminus of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) to increase its enzymatic activity, which further dephosphorylates deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) at Ser74 to diminish gemcitabine efficacy. Therefore, PTEN deficiency and high phosphorylation of DCK predict a better response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in CCA. We speculate that the combination of PP2A inhibitor and gemcitabine in PTEN-positive tumors could avoid the resistance of gemcitabine, which would benefit a large population of patients with cancer receiving gemcitabine or other nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Jiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Tian-Mei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yu-Fei Pan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Feng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Tan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Li-Wei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University and Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
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17
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Qin S, Kitty I, Hao Y, Zhao F, Kim W. Maintaining Genome Integrity: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Orchestrate the Balancing Act of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10212. [PMID: 37373360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages which lead to severe genome instability. Phosphorylation is one of the most important protein post-translation modifications involved in DSBs repair regulation. Kinases and phosphatases play coordinating roles in DSB repair by phosphorylating and dephosphorylating various proteins. Recent research has shed light on the importance of maintaining a balance between kinase and phosphatase activities in DSB repair. The interplay between kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in regulating DNA-repair processes, and alterations in their activity can lead to genomic instability and disease. Therefore, study on the function of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair is essential for understanding their roles in cancer development and therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair regulation and highlight the advancements in the development of cancer therapies targeting kinases or phosphatases in DSBs repair pathways. In conclusion, understanding the balance of kinase and phosphatase activities in DSBs repair provides opportunities for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ichiwa Kitty
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yalan Hao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Roy S, Batra L. Protein Phosphatase 2A: Role in T Cells and Diseases. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:4522053. [PMID: 37234102 PMCID: PMC10208765 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4522053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine-threonine phosphatase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and signal transduction. The catalytic activity of PP2A is integral in the maintenance of physiological functions which gets severely impaired in its absence. PP2A plays an essential role in the activation, differentiation, and functions of T cells. PP2A suppresses Th1 cell differentiation while promoting Th2 cell differentiation. PP2A fosters Th17 cell differentiation which contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by enhancing the transactivation of the Il17 gene. Genetic deletion of PP2A in Tregs disrupts Foxp3 expression due to hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling which impairs the development and immunosuppressive functions of Tregs. PP2A is important in the induction of Th9 cells and promotes their antitumor functions. PP2A activation has shown to reduce neuroinflammation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and is now used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) clinically. In this review, we will discuss the structure and functions of PP2A in T cell differentiation and diseases and therapeutic applications of PP2A-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyasha Roy
- Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lalit Batra
- Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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19
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Tu J, You Q, Wang L. Dual function of protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C): An emerging therapeutic target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115350. [PMID: 37054560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins is reversibly controlled by the kinases and phosphatases in many posttranslational regulation patterns. Protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase showing dual function by simultaneously exerting dephosphorylation and co-chaperone functions. Due to this special role, PPP5C was found to participate in many signal transductions related to various diseases. Abnormal expression of PPP5C results in cancers, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease, making it a potential drug target. However, the design of small molecules targeting PPP5C is struggling due to its special monomeric enzyme form and low basal activity by a self-inhibition mechanism. Through realizing the PPP5C's dual function as phosphatase and co-chaperone, more and more small molecules were found to regulate PPP5C with a different mechanism. This review aims to provide insights into PPP5C's dual function from structure to function, which could provide efficient design strategies for small molecules targeting PPP5C as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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20
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Zhao Y, Li S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Hu C, Zhou B, Ding Q. Histone phosphorylation integrates the hepatic glucagon-PKA-CREB gluconeogenesis program in response to fasting. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1093-1108.e8. [PMID: 36863348 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The glucagon-PKA signal is generally believed to control hepatic gluconeogenesis via the CREB transcription factor. Here we uncovered a distinct function of this signal in directly stimulating histone phosphorylation for gluconeogenic gene regulation in mice. In the fasting state, CREB recruited activated PKA to regions near gluconeogenic genes, where PKA phosphorylated histone H3 serine 28 (H3S28ph). H3S28ph, recognized by 14-3-3ζ, promoted recruitment of RNA polymerase II and transcriptional stimulation of gluconeogenic genes. In contrast, in the fed state, more PP2A was found near gluconeogenic genes, which counteracted PKA by dephosphorylating H3S28ph and repressing transcription. Importantly, ectopic expression of phosphomimic H3S28 efficiently restored gluconeogenic gene expression when liver PKA or CREB was depleted. These results together highlight a different functional scheme in regulating gluconeogenesis by the glucagon-PKA-CREB-H3S28ph cascade, in which the hormone signal is transmitted to chromatin for rapid and efficient gluconeogenic gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuda Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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21
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Moreno-Andrés D, Holl K, Antonin W. The second half of mitosis and its implications in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:1-17. [PMID: 36436712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus undergoes dramatic structural and functional changes during cell division. With the entry into mitosis, in human cells the nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes rearrange into rod-like structures which are collected and segregated by the spindle apparatus. While these processes in the first half of mitosis have been intensively studied, much less is known about the second half of mitosis, when a functional nucleus reforms in each of the emerging cells. Here we review our current understanding of mitotic exit and nuclear reformation with spotlights on the links to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Gao S, Shan L, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhan X, Yin Y, Jiang Z, Tao X, Li X, Ye M, Liu Y. Inhibition of PP2A by LB100 sensitizes bladder cancer cells to chemotherapy by inducing p21 degradation. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:1203-1215. [PMID: 36136269 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is the most common urinary tract malignancy and exhibits a poor response to chemotherapy. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in a wide variety of regulatory cellular processes, including apoptosis and the DNA-damage response (DDR). LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, has been shown to act as a chemo-sensitizer in multiple types of cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect and mode of action of LB100 in BLCA have yet to be identified. METHODS In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the anti-tumor effect of LB100 alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics analysis was used to identify the downstream substrates of PP2A and to explore the mechanism underlying LB100-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, we established a chemo-resistant BLCA cell line (RT-112-R) by prolonged drug exposure and determined the effect of LB100 in enhancing genotoxicity in BLCA cell lines and xenograft mouse models. RESULTS We found that LB100 is sufficient to induce an anti-tumor response in BLCA cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that PP2A potentially dephosphorylates p-p21-ser130 to stabilize p21. Inhibition of PP2A by LB100 increased the level of p-p21-ser130, subsequently leading to a reduction in p21 level in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that treatment of LB100 abrogated the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint, resulting in increased phosphorylation of γH2AX in BLCA cells. Moreover, LB100 enhanced genotoxicity in chemo-resistant BLCA cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that PP2A may serve as a potential therapeutic target in BLCA through regulating p21 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Liping Shan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, China Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xi Zhan
- (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, China Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yalei Yin
- (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, China Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xinyi Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.,Innovative Research Center for Integrated Cancer Omics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. .,Innovative Research Center for Integrated Cancer Omics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, China Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. .,Innovative Research Center for Integrated Cancer Omics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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23
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Yoon JS, Lee CW. Protein phosphatases regulate the liver microenvironment in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1799-1813. [PMID: 36380016 PMCID: PMC9722691 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a complicated heterogeneous organ composed of different cells. Parenchymal cells called hepatocytes and various nonparenchymal cells, including immune cells and stromal cells, are distributed in liver lobules with hepatic architecture. They interact with each other to compose the liver microenvironment and determine its characteristics. Although the liver microenvironment maintains liver homeostasis and function under healthy conditions, it also shows proinflammatory and profibrogenic characteristics that can induce the progression of hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, eventually changing to a protumoral microenvironment that contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to recent studies, phosphatases are involved in liver diseases and HCC development by regulating protein phosphorylation in intracellular signaling pathways and changing the activities and characteristics of liver cells. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the importance of protein phosphatases in HCC development and in the regulation of the cellular components in the liver microenvironment and to show their significance as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Sup Yoon
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
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24
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Pan J, Zhou L, Zhang C, Xu Q, Sun Y. Targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases: From signaling to therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:177. [PMID: 35665742 PMCID: PMC9166240 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the common pathological basis of autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, malignant tumors, and other major chronic diseases. Inflammation plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. On one hand, inflammation can sense changes in the tissue environment, induce imbalance of tissue homeostasis, and cause tissue damage. On the other hand, inflammation can also initiate tissue damage repair and maintain normal tissue function by resolving injury and restoring homeostasis. These opposing functions emphasize the significance of accurate regulation of inflammatory homeostasis to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases. Potential mechanisms involve protein phosphorylation modifications by kinases and phosphatases, which have a crucial role in inflammatory homeostasis. The mechanisms by which many kinases resolve inflammation have been well reviewed, whereas a systematic summary of the functions of protein phosphatases in regulating inflammatory homeostasis is lacking. The molecular knowledge of protein phosphatases, and especially the unique biochemical traits of each family member, will be of critical importance for developing drugs that target phosphatases. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the structure, the "double-edged sword" function, and the extensive signaling pathways of all protein phosphatases in inflammation-related diseases, as well as their potential inhibitors or activators that can be used in therapeutic interventions in preclinical or clinical trials. We provide an integrated perspective on the current understanding of all the protein phosphatases associated with inflammation-related diseases, with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs that target protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Li R, Zhang C, Xie F, Zhou X, Hu X, Shi J, Du X, Lin Z, Dong N. Protein Phosphatase 2A Deficiency in Macrophages Increases Foam Cell Formation and Accelerates Atherosclerotic Lesion Development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:745009. [PMID: 35118139 PMCID: PMC8803755 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.745009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a crucial serine/threonine phosphatase, has recently been reported to play an important role in cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have hinted that PP2A is involved in atherosclerosis formation, but the associated mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of PP2A in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In human atherosclerotic coronary arteries, we found that the expression and activity of PP2A decreased significantly when compared to non-atherosclerotic arteries. Additional experiments demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of PP2A aggravated atherosclerosis of ApoE−/− mice. Considering the central role of macrophages in atherosclerosis, mice with conditional knockout of the PP2A-Cα subunit in myeloid cells were produced to investigate the function of PP2A in macrophages. Results showed that PP2A deficiency in myeloid cells aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in mice. in vitro experiments indicated that PP2A-deficient macrophages had an enhanced ability of lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, the deficiency of the PP2A in macrophages led to an increase in the phosphorylation level of p38, which contributed to the elevated expression of scavenger receptor CD36, a key factor involved in lipoprotein uptake. Our data suggest that PP2A participates in the pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis. The decrease of PP2A expression and activity in macrophages is a crucial determinant for foam cell formation and the initiation of atherosclerosis. Our study may provide a potential novel approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjian Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xinling Du
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Cardiology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Zhiyong Lin
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Nianguo Dong
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Yen YT, Chien M, Wu PY, Ho CC, Ho CT, Huang KCY, Chiang SF, Chao KSC, Chen WTL, Hung SC. Protein phosphatase 2A inactivation induces microsatellite instability, neoantigen production and immune response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7297. [PMID: 34911954 PMCID: PMC8674339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite-instable (MSI), a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response, is caused by mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) that occurs through genetic or epigenetic silencing of MMR genes. Here, we report a mechanism of MMRd and demonstrate that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) deletion or inactivation converts cold microsatellite-stable (MSS) into MSI tumours through two orthogonal pathways: (i) by increasing retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation that leads to E2F and DNMT3A/3B expression with subsequent DNA methylation, and (ii) by increasing histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 phosphorylation that subsequently decreases H3K9ac levels and histone acetylation, which induces epigenetic silencing of MLH1. In mouse models of MSS and MSI colorectal cancers, triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, PP2A inhibition triggers neoantigen production, cytotoxic T cell infiltration and ICB sensitization. Human cancer cell lines and tissue array effectively confirm these signaling pathways. These data indicate the dual involvement of PP2A inactivation in silencing MLH1 and inducing MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Yen
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - May Chien
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Ho
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Ho
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402 ROC ,grid.454740.6Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 42055 Taiwan
| | - K. S. Clifford Chao
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402 ROC
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, 302 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Sergienko NM, Donner DG, Delbridge LMD, McMullen JR, Weeks KL. Protein phosphatase 2A in the healthy and failing heart: New insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110213. [PMID: 34902541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of phosphoprotein homeostasis in settings of health and disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) encompasses a large subfamily of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from serine/threonine residues within phosphoproteins. The heterogeneity in PP2A structure, which arises from the grouping of different catalytic, scaffolding and regulatory subunit isoforms, creates distinct populations of catalytically active enzymes (i.e. holoenzymes) that localise to different parts of the cell. This structural complexity, combined with other regulatory mechanisms, such as interaction of PP2A heterotrimers with accessory proteins and post-translational modification of the catalytic and/or regulatory subunits, enables PP2A holoenzymes to target phosphoprotein substrates in a highly specific manner. In this review, we summarise the roles of PP2A in cardiac physiology and disease. PP2A modulates numerous processes that are vital for heart function including calcium handling, contractility, β-adrenergic signalling, metabolism and transcription. Dysregulation of PP2A has been observed in human cardiac disease settings, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Efforts are underway, particularly in the cancer field, to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) and other compounds that selectively target specific PP2A holoenzymes (e.g. PP2A/B56α and PP2A/B56ε) will improve understanding of the function of different PP2A species in the heart, and may lead to the development of therapeutics for normalising aberrant protein phosphorylation in settings of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Sergienko
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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28
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Mirzapoiazova T, Xiao G, Mambetsariev B, Nasser MW, Miaou E, Singhal SS, Srivastava S, Mambetsariev I, Nelson MS, Nam A, Behal A, Arvanitis L, Atri P, Muschen M, Tissot FLH, Miser J, Kovach JS, Sattler M, Batra SK, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1820-1835. [PMID: 34253596 PMCID: PMC8722383 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA-damage response, is overexpressed in many cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here we report that LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, synergistically elicited an antitumor response both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we determined quantitatively that sensitization via LB100 was mediated by increased uptake of carboplatin in SCLC cells. Treatment with LB100 alone or in combination resulted in inhibition of cell viability in two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional spheroid models of SCLC, reduced glucose uptake, and attenuated mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. Combining LB100 with atezolizumab increased the capacity of T cells to infiltrate and kill tumor spheroids, and combining LB100 with carboplatin caused hyperphosphorylation of the DNA repair marker γH2AX and enhanced apoptosis while attenuating MET signaling and invasion through an endothelial cell monolayer. Taken together, these data highlight the translational potential of inhibiting PP2A with LB100 in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- Institute of Immunology, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Emily Miaou
- The Isotoparium, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael S Nelson
- The Light Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Amita Behal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Leonidas Arvanitis
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - François L H Tissot
- The Isotoparium, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - James Miser
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - John S Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, New York
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
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29
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Pharmacological Inhibition of PP2A Overcomes Nab-Paclitaxel Resistance by Downregulating MCL1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194766. [PMID: 34638252 PMCID: PMC8507542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paclitaxel-based chemotherapy has been introduced to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. While its initial efficacy has been clinically established, the development of resistance is inevitable. To understand the paclitaxel resistance mechanism, we developed nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX)-resistant esophageal squamous cell lines from their sensitive counterparts. We found that resistant cells express higher levels of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), oxidative phosphorylation, and anti-apoptotic protein MCL1 than their counterparts. Therapeutically, the PP2A inhibitor LB-100 synergistically sensitized resistant esophageal squamous cells to nab-PTX both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our data suggest that LB-100 may potentially overcome nab-PTX resistance in a clinical setting. Abstract Paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is a treatment option for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the development of chemoresistance leads to treatment failure, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We investigated the mechanisms of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) resistance by establishing three nab-PTX resistant ESCC cell lines. Proteomics analysis revealed higher oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in resistant cell line DR150 than in its parental cell line KYSE150, which is likely caused by stabilized anti-apoptotic protein MCL1. Additionally, we discovered the elevated activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the phosphatase that dephosphorylates and stabilizes MCL1, in nab-PTX resistant cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition of PP2A with small molecule compound LB-100 decreased MCL1 protein level, caused more apoptosis in nab-PTX resistant ESCC cell lines than in the parental cells in vitro, and significantly inhibited the tumor growth of nab-PTX resistant xenografts in vivo. Moreover, LB-100 pretreatment partially restored nab-PTX sensitivity in the resistant cell lines and synergistically inhibited the tumor growth of nab-PTX resistant xenografts with nab-PTX. In summary, our study identifies a novel mechanism whereby elevated PP2A activity stabilizes MCL1 protein, increases OXPHOS, and confers nab-PTX resistance, suggesting that targeting PP2A is a potential strategy for reversing nab-PTX resistance in patients with advanced ESCC.
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30
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Fischer FA, Mies LFM, Nizami S, Pantazi E, Danielli S, Demarco B, Ohlmeyer M, Lee MSJ, Coban C, Kagan JC, Di Daniel E, Bezbradica JS. TBK1 and IKKε act like an OFF switch to limit NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009309118. [PMID: 34518217 PMCID: PMC8463895 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009309118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is beneficial during infection and vaccination but, when uncontrolled, is detrimental and contributes to inflammation-driven pathologies. Hence, discovering endogenous mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 activation is important for disease interventions. Activation of NLRP3 is regulated at the transcriptional level and by posttranslational modifications. Here, we describe a posttranslational phospho-switch that licenses NLRP3 activation in macrophages. The ON switch is controlled by the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) downstream of a variety of NLRP3 activators in vitro and in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis in vivo. The OFF switch is regulated by two closely related kinases, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKKε). Pharmacological inhibition of TBK1 and IKKε, as well as simultaneous deletion of TBK1 and IKKε, but not of either kinase alone, increases NLRP3 activation. In addition, TBK1/IKKε inhibitors counteract the effects of PP2A inhibition on inflammasome activity. We find that, mechanistically, TBK1 interacts with NLRP3 and controls the pathway activity at a site distinct from NLRP3-serine 3, previously reported to be under PP2A control. Mutagenesis of NLRP3 confirms serine 3 as an important phospho-switch site but, surprisingly, reveals that this is not the sole site regulated by either TBK1/IKKε or PP2A, because all retain the control over the NLRP3 pathway even when serine 3 is mutated. Altogether, a model emerges whereby TLR-activated TBK1 and IKKε act like a "parking brake" for NLRP3 activation at the time of priming, while PP2A helps remove this parking brake in the presence of NLRP3 activating signals, such as bacterial pore-forming toxins or endogenous danger signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Fischer
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda F M Mies
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Sohaib Nizami
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Danielli
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Demarco
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Atux Iskay LLC, Plainsboro, NJ 08536
| | - Michelle Sue Jann Lee
- Division of Malaria Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Division of Malaria Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Elena Di Daniel
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom;
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom;
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31
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Sun B, Zhong FJ, Xu C, Li YM, Zhao YR, Cao MM, Yang LY. Programmed cell death 10 promotes metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma via PP2Ac-mediated YAP activation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:849. [PMID: 34521817 PMCID: PMC8440642 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is the main cause of postoperative tumour recurrence and mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) plays an important role in many biological processes. However, the role of PDCD10 in HCC progression is still elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance and molecular function of PDCD10 in HCC. PDCD10 is significantly upregulated in HCC, which also correlates with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients after liver resection. High PDCD10 expression promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumour growth, metastasis in vivo. In addition, PDCD10 could facilitate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. In terms of the mechanism, PDCD10 directly binds to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) and increases its enzymatic activity, leading to the interaction of YAP and dephosphorylation of the YAP protein. This interaction contributes to YAP nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation. PP2Ac is necessary for PDCD10-mediated HCC progression. Knocking down PP2Ac abolished the tumour-promoting role of PDCD10 in the migration, invasion and EMT of HCC. Moreover, a PP2Ac inhibitor (LB100) could restrict tumour growth and metastasis of HCC with high PDCD10 expression. Collectively, PDCD10 promotes EMT and the progression of HCC by interacting with PP2Ac to promote YAP activation, which provides new insight into the mechanism of cancer metastasis. PDCD10 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Jing Zhong
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhao
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mo-Mo Cao
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lian-Yue Yang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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32
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Rivas M, Johnston ME, Gulati R, Kumbaji M, Margues Aguiar TF, Timchenko L, Krepischi A, Shin S, Bondoc A, Tiao G, Geller J, Timchenko N. HDAC1-Dependent Repression of Markers of Hepatocytes and P21 Is Involved in Development of Pediatric Liver Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1669-1682. [PMID: 34245919 PMCID: PMC8536541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a critical role in the development of liver cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic-driven liver cancers are not well understood. The aims of this study were to examine molecular mechanisms that cause the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes into cancer cells in aggressive hepatoblastoma and test if the inhibition of these mechanisms inhibits tumor growth. METHODS We have analyzed CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein alpha (C/EBPα), Transcription factor Sp5, and histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 pathways from a large biobank of fresh hepatoblastoma (HBL) samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography-based examination of protein-protein complexes and have examined chromatin remodeling on the promoters of markers of hepatocytes and p21. The HDAC1 activity was inhibited in patient-derived xenograft models of HBL and in cultured hepatoblastoma cells and expression of HDAC1-dependent markers of hepatocytes was examined. RESULTS Analyses of a biobank showed that a significant portion of HBL patients have increased levels of an oncogenic de-phosphorylated-S190-C/EBPα, Sp5, and HDAC1 compared with amounts of these proteins in adjacent regions. We found that the oncogenic de-phosphorylated-S190-C/EBPα is created in aggressive HBL by protein phosphatase 2A, which is increased within the nucleus and dephosphorylates C/EBPα at Ser190. C/EBPα-HDAC1 and Sp5-HDAC1 complexes are abundant in hepatocytes, which dedifferentiate into cancer cells. Studies in HBL cells have shown that C/EBPα-HDAC1 and Sp5-HDAC1 complexes reduce markers of hepatocytes and p21 via repression of their promoters. Pharmacologic inhibition of C/EBPα-HDAC1 and Sp5-HDAC1 complexes by Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of HDAC1 increase expression of hepatocyte markers, p21, and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS HDAC1-mediated repression of markers of hepatocytes is an essential step for the development of HBL, providing background for generation of therapies for aggressive HBL by targeting HDAC1 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rivas
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael E. Johnston
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ruhi Gulati
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Ana Krepischi
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soona Shin
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Gregory Tiao
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Geller
- Department of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nikolai Timchenko, PhD, Liver Tumor Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229. fax: (513) 636-4200.
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Shang Q, Xiao J, Gao B, Liang M, Wang J, Qian H, Xi Z, Li T, Liu X. D1R/PP2A/p-CaMKIIα signaling in the caudate putamen is involved in acute methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136102. [PMID: 34237414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is underscored by the transition from experimental use to dependent use of addictive drugs. Acute use of methamphetamine (METH) causes a range of clinical symptoms, including hyperlocomotion. Dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-mediated negative regulation of phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (p-CaMKIIα, threonine [Thr] 286) is involved in the acute effects induced by single METH administration. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a potential bridge that links D1R and p-CaMKIIα (Thr 286) after acute METH administration. However, the mechanisms underlying hyperlocomotion induced by single METH administration remain unclear. In this study, SCH23390 (a D1R inhibitor) and LB100 (a PP2A inhibitor) were administered to examine the involvement of D1R and PP2A signaling in acute METH-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. The protein levels of methylated PP2A-C (m-PP2A-C, leucine [Leu] 309), phosphorylated PP2A-C (p-PP2A-C, tyrosine [Tyr] 307), PP2A-C, p-CaMKIIα (Thr 286), and CaMKIIα in the prefrontal cortex (PFc), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and caudate putamen (CPu) were measured. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg SCH23390 reversed the acute METH-induced increase in protein levels of m-PP2A-C (Leu 309) and the decrease in protein levels of p-PP2A-C (Tyr 307) in the CPu, but not in the PFC and NAc. Moreover, prior administration of 0.1 mg/kg LB100 attenuated hyperlocomotion induced by single METH administration and reversed the decrease in protein levels of p-CaMKII (Thr 286) in the PFC, NAc, and CPu. Collectively, these results indicate that the D1R/PP2A/p-CaMKIIα signaling cascade in the CPu may be involved in hyperlocomotion after a single administration of METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyao Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijia Xi
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinshe Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China.
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Metabolic determinants of B-cell selection. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1467-1478. [PMID: 34196360 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-cells are antibody-producing cells of the adaptive immune system. Approximately 75% of all newly generated B-cells in the bone marrow are autoreactive and express potentially harmful autoantibodies. To prevent autoimmune disease, the immune system has evolved a powerful mechanism to eliminate autoreactive B-cells, termed negative B-cell selection. While designed to remove autoreactive clones during early B-cell development, our laboratory recently discovered that transformed B-cells in leukemia and lymphoma are also subject to negative selection. Indeed, besides the risk of developing autoimmune disease, B-cells are inherently prone to malignant transformation: to produce high-affinity antibodies, B-cells undergo multiple rounds of somatic immunoglobulin gene recombination and hypermutation. Reflecting high frequencies of DNA-breaks, adaptive immune protection by B-cells comes with a dramatically increased risk of development of leukemia and lymphoma. Of note, B-cells exist under conditions of chronic restriction of energy metabolism. Here we discuss how these metabolic gatekeeper functions during B-cell development provide a common mechanism for the removal of autoreactive and premalignant B-cells to safeguard against both autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies.
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35
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Markati T, Duis J, Servais L. Therapies in preclinical and clinical development for Angelman syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:709-720. [PMID: 34112038 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1939674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by deficiency or abnormal function of the maternal ubiquitin protein-ligase E3A, known as UBE3A, in the central nervous system. There is no disease-modifying treatment available, but the therapeutic pipeline of Angelman syndrome includes at least 15 different approaches at preclinical or clinical development. In the coming years, several clinical trials will be enrolling patients, which prompted this comprehensive review.Areas covered: We summarize and critically review the different therapeutic approaches. Some approaches attempt to restore the missing or nonfunctional UBE3A protein in the neurons via gene replacement or enzyme replacement therapies. Other therapies aim to induce expression of the normal paternal copy of the UBE3A gene by targeting a long non-coding RNA, the UBE3A-ATS, which interferes with its own expression. Another therapeutic category includes compounds that target molecular pathways and effector proteins known to be involved in Angelman syndrome pathophysiology.Expert opinion: We believe that by 2022-2023, more than five disease-modifying treatments will be simultaneously at clinical testing. However, the are several challenges with regards to safety and efficacy, which need to be addressed. Additionally, there is still a significant unmet need for clinical trial readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Markati
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Duis
- Section of Genetics & Inherited Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Child Neurology, Centre De Références Des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège & University of Liège, Belgium
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36
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Zhang Q, Fan Z, Zhang L, You Q, Wang L. Strategies for Targeting Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases with Small Molecules in Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8916-8938. [PMID: 34156850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among numerous posttranslational regulation patterns, phosphorylation is reversibly controlled by the balance of kinases and phosphatases. The major form of cellular signaling involves the reversible phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine, serine, or threonine residues. However, altered phosphorylation levels are found in diverse diseases, including cancer, making kinases and phosphatases ideal drug targets. In contrast to the success of prosperous kinase inhibitors, design of small molecules targeting phosphatase is struggling due to past bias and difficulty. This is especially true for serine/threonine phosphatases, one of the largest phosphatase families. From this perspective, we aim to provide insights into serine/threonine phosphatases and the small molecules targeting these proteins for drug development, especially in cancer. Through highlighting the modulation strategies, we aim to provide basic principles for the design of small molecules and future perspectives for the application of drugs targeting serine/threonine phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhongjiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lianshan Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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37
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Bryant JP, Levy A, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Review of PP2A Tumor Biology and Antitumor Effects of PP2A Inhibitor LB100 in the Nervous System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123087. [PMID: 34205611 PMCID: PMC8235527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Central and peripheral nervous system tumors represent a heterogenous group of neoplasms which often demonstrate resistance to treatment. Given that these tumors are often refractory to conventional therapy, novel pharmaceutical regimens are needed for successfully treating this pathology. One such therapeutic is the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, LB100. LB100 is a water-soluble competitive protein phosphtase inhibitor that has demonstrated antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we aim to summarize current evidence demonstrating the efficacy of LB100 as an inhibitor of nervous system tumors. Furthermore, we review the involvement of the well-studied phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A, in oncogenic cell signaling pathways, neurophysiology, and neurodevelopment. Abstract Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase implicated in a wide variety of regulatory cellular functions. PP2A is abundant in the mammalian nervous system, and dysregulation of its cellular functions is associated with myriad neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, PP2A has oncologic implications, recently garnering attention and emerging as a therapeutic target because of the antitumor effects of a potent PP2A inhibitor, LB100. LB100 abrogation of PP2A is believed to exert its inhibitory effects on tumor progression through cellular chemo- and radiosensitization to adjuvant agents. An updated and unifying review of PP2A biology and inhibition with LB100 as a therapeutic strategy for targeting cancers of the nervous system is needed, as other reviews have mainly covered broader applications of LB100. In this review, we discuss the role of PP2A in normal cells and tumor cells of the nervous system. Furthermore, we summarize current evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of LB100 for treating solid tumors of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bryant
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.-P.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Adam Levy
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - John Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.-P.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Yeshavanth Kumar Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.-P.B.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-451-0970
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38
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Mahoney KE, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF. MHC Phosphopeptides: Promising Targets for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100112. [PMID: 34129940 PMCID: PMC8724925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex-associated peptides have been considered as potential immunotherapeutic targets for many years. MHC class I phosphopeptides result from dysregulated cell signaling pathways that are common across cancers and both viral and bacterial infections. These antigens are recognized by central memory T cells from healthy donors, indicating that they are considered antigenic by the immune system and that they are presented across different individuals and diseases. Based on these responses and the similar dysregulation, phosphorylated antigens are promising candidates for prevention or treatment of different cancers as well as a number of other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira E Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Shang Q, Liang M, Xiao J, Gao B, Qian H, Wang J, Chen G, Fang J, Li T, Liu X. LB100 attenuates methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization by inhibiting the Raf1-ERK 1/2 cascade in the caudate putamen. Neuroreport 2021; 32:988-993. [PMID: 34102646 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse has become a serious social problem. Behavioral sensitization is a common behavioral paradigm used to study the neurobiological mechanism that underlies drug addiction. Our previous study demonstrated that the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2) are increased in the caudate putamen (CPu) of METH-sensitive mice. However, the relationship between PP2A and ERK 1/2 in METH-induced behavioral sensitization remains unknown. Some studies have indicated that Raf1 may be involved in this process. In this study, LB100, a PP2A inhibitor for treating solid tumors, was first used to clarify the relationship between PP2A and ERK 1/2. In addition, Western blot was used to examine the levels of p-Raf1 (Ser 259) and p-ERK 1/2 (Thr 202/Tyr 204) in the CPu, hippocampus (Hip) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Our results showed that 2 mg/kg LB100 significantly attenuated METH-induced behavioral sensitization. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that pretreatment with 2 mg/kg LB100 remarkably reversed METH-induced reduction of p-Raf1, as well as upregulation of p-ERK 1/2 in the CPu. Taken together, these results indicate that PP2A plays an important role in METH-induced behavioral sensitization and phosphorylates ERK 1/2 by dephosphorylating p-Raf1 in the CPu to further regulate METH-induced behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyao Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshe Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.,Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bioevidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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40
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Miller JJ. Targeting protein arginine methylation to death. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1421-1422. [PMID: 34037795 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Miller
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Jiang X, Hu J, Wu Z, Cafarello ST, Di Matteo M, Shen Y, Dong X, Adler H, Mazzone M, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Wang X. Protein Phosphatase 2A Mediates YAP Activation in Endothelial Cells Upon VEGF Stimulation and Matrix Stiffness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675562. [PMID: 34055807 PMCID: PMC8158299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process during development. Abnormal angiogenesis also contributes to many disease conditions such as tumor and retinal diseases. Previous studies have established the Hippo signaling pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) as a crucial regulator of angiogenesis. In ECs, activated YAP promotes endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprouting. YAP activity is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. However, it is unclear how VEGF or ECM stiffness signal to YAP, especially how dephosphorylation of YAP occurs in response to VEGF stimulus or ECM stiffening. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is required for this process. Blocking PP2A activity abolishes VEGF or ECM stiffening mediated YAP activation. Systemic administration of a PP2A inhibitor suppresses YAP activity in blood vessels in developmental and pathological angiogenesis mouse models. Consistently, PP2A inhibitor also inhibits sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, PP2A directly interacts with YAP, and this interaction requires proper cytoskeleton dynamics. These findings identify PP2A as a crucial mediator of YAP activation in ECs and hence as an important regulator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziru Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sarah Trusso Cafarello
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ying Shen
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xue Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Heike Adler
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Shuhaibar LC, Kaci N, Egbert JR, Horville T, Loisay L, Vigone G, Uliasz TF, Dambroise E, Swingle MR, Honkanen RE, Biosse Duplan M, Jaffe LA, Legeai-Mallet L. Phosphatase inhibition by LB-100 enhances BMN-111 stimulation of bone growth. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141426. [PMID: 33986191 PMCID: PMC8262325 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and inactivating mutations in the natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) guanylyl cyclase both result in decreased production of cyclic GMP in chondrocytes and severe short stature, causing achondroplasia (ACH) and acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux, respectively. Previously, we showed that an NPR2 agonist BMN-111 (vosoritide) increases bone growth in mice mimicking ACH (Fgfr3Y367C/+). Here, because FGFR3 signaling decreases NPR2 activity by dephosphorylating the NPR2 protein, we tested whether a phosphatase inhibitor (LB-100) could enhance BMN-111–stimulated bone growth in ACH. Measurements of cGMP production in chondrocytes of living tibias, and of NPR2 phosphorylation in primary chondrocytes, showed that LB-100 counteracted FGF-induced dephosphorylation and inactivation of NPR2. In ex vivo experiments with Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice, the combination of BMN-111 and LB-100 increased bone length and cartilage area, restored chondrocyte terminal differentiation, and increased the proliferative growth plate area, more than BMN-111 alone. The combination treatment also reduced the abnormal elevation of MAP kinase activity in the growth plate of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice and improved the skull base anomalies. Our results provide a proof of concept that a phosphatase inhibitor could be used together with an NPR2 agonist to enhance cGMP production as a therapy for ACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia C Shuhaibar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France.,Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Thibault Horville
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| | - Léa Loisay
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Vigone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Emilie Dambroise
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| | - Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile Alabama, USA
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile Alabama, USA
| | - Martin Biosse Duplan
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
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Goh ZY, Ren EC, Ko HL. Intracellular interferon signalling pathways as potential regulators of covalently closed circular DNA in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1369-1391. [PMID: 33911462 PMCID: PMC8047536 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i14.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major global health threat as 250 million people worldwide continue to be chronically infected with the virus. While patients may be treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, this only suppresses HBV titre to sub-detection levels without eliminating the persistent HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) genome. As a result, HBV infection cannot be cured, and the virus reactivates when conditions are favorable. Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines known to induce powerful antiviral mechanisms that clear viruses from infected cells. They have been shown to induce cccDNA clearance, but their use in the treatment of HBV infection is limited as HBV-targeting immune cells are exhausted and HBV has evolved multiple mechanisms to evade and suppress IFN signalling. Thus, to fully utilize IFN-mediated intracellular mechanisms to effectively eliminate HBV, instead of direct IFN administration, novel strategies to sustain IFN-mediated anti-cccDNA and antiviral mechanisms need to be developed. This review will consolidate what is known about how IFNs act to achieve its intracellular antiviral effects and highlight the critical interferon-stimulated gene targets and effector mechanisms with potent anti-cccDNA functions. These include cccDNA degradation by APOBECs and cccDNA silencing and transcription repression by epigenetic modifications. In addition, the mechanisms that HBV employs to disrupt IFN signalling will be discussed. Drugs that have been developed or are in the pipeline for components of the IFN signalling pathway and HBV targets that detract IFN signalling mechanisms will also be identified and discussed for utility in the treatment of HBV infections. Together, these will provide useful insights into design strategies that specifically target cccDNA for the eradication of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Ee Chee Ren
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Hui Ling Ko
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Phosphatase PP2A enhances MCL-1 protein half-life in multiple myeloma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:229. [PMID: 33658484 PMCID: PMC7930201 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a treatable but incurable malignancy, is characterized by the growth of clonal plasma cells in protective niches in the bone marrow. MM cells depend on expression of BCL-2 family proteins, in particular MCL-1, for survival. The regulation of MCL-1 is complex and cell type-dependent. Unraveling the exact mechanism by which MCL-1 is overexpressed in MM may provide new therapeutic strategies for inhibition in malignant cells, preferably limiting side effects in healthy cells. In this study, we reveal that one cause of overexpression could be stabilization of the MCL-1 protein. We demonstrate this in a subset of MM and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and MM patient samples. We applied a phosphatase siRNA screen to identify phosphatases responsible for MCL-1 stabilization in MM, and revealed PP2A as the MCL-1 stabilizing phosphatase. Using the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid, we validated that PP2A dephosphorylates MCL-1 at Ser159 and/or Thr163, and thereby stabilizes MCL-1 in MM cells with long MCL-1 half-life, but not in DLBCL cells. Combined kinase and phosphatase inhibition experiments suggest that the MCL-1 half-life in MM is regulated by the counteracting functions of JNK and PP2A. These findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms by which MCL-1 is post-translationally regulated, which may provide novel strategies to inhibit MCL-1 in MM cells.
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Dzulko M, Pons M, Henke A, Schneider G, Krämer OH. The PP2A subunit PR130 is a key regulator of cell development and oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188453. [PMID: 33068647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase. This enzyme is involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and DNA repair. Remarkably, PP2A can act as a context-dependent tumor suppressor or promoter. Active PP2A complexes consist of structural (PP2A-A), regulatory (PP2A-B), and catalytic (PP2A-C) subunits. The regulatory subunits define the substrate specificity and the subcellular localization of the holoenzyme. Here we condense the increasing evidence that the PP2A B-type subunit PR130 is a critical regulator of cell identity and oncogenic transformation. We summarize knowledge on the biological functions of PR130 in normal and transformed cells, targets of the PP2A-PR130 complex, and how diverse extra- and intracellular stimuli control the expression and activity of PR130. We additionally review the impact of PP2A-PR130 on cardiac functions, neuronal processes, and anti-viral defense and how this might affect cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dzulko
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Pons
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Henke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Genome-wide functional analysis of phosphatases in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4212. [PMID: 32839469 PMCID: PMC7445287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases, together with kinases and transcription factors, are key components in cellular signalling networks. Here, we present a systematic functional analysis of the phosphatases in Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening fungal meningoencephalitis. We analyse 230 signature-tagged mutant strains for 114 putative phosphatases under 30 distinct in vitro growth conditions, revealing at least one function for 60 of these proteins. Large-scale virulence and infectivity assays using insect and mouse models indicate roles in pathogenicity for 31 phosphatases involved in various processes such as thermotolerance, melanin and capsule production, stress responses, O-mannosylation, or retromer function. Notably, phosphatases Xpp1, Ssu72, Siw14, and Sit4 promote blood-brain barrier adhesion and crossing by C. neoformans. Together with our previous systematic studies of transcription factors and kinases, our results provide comprehensive insight into the pathobiological signalling circuitry of C. neoformans. Phosphatases are key components in cellular signalling networks. Here, the authors present a systematic functional analysis of phosphatases of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, revealing roles in virulence, stress responses, O-mannosylation, retromer function and other processes.
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Subbiah S, Nam A, Garg N, Behal A, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Small Cell Lung Cancer from Traditional to Innovative Therapeutics: Building a Comprehensive Network to Optimize Clinical and Translational Research. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082433. [PMID: 32751469 PMCID: PMC7464169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive, complex disease with a distinct biology that contributes to its poor prognosis. Management of SCLC is still widely limited to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and research recruitment still poses a considerable challenge. Here, we review the current standard of care for SCLC and advances made in utilizing immunotherapy. We also highlight research in the development of targeted therapies and emphasize the importance of a team-based approach to make clinical advances. Building an integrative network between an academic site and community practice sites optimizes biomarker and drug target discovery for managing and treating a difficult disease like SCLC.
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Venugopal S, Mascarenhas J, Steensma DP. Loss of 5q in myeloid malignancies - A gain in understanding of biological and clinical consequences. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100735. [PMID: 32736878 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemizygous interstitial or terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 [del(5q)] is a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality in myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These deletions cause loss of a large contiguous chromosomal region encompassing more than 30 genes, which results in disease through haploinsufficiency of one or more genes including RPS14. In MDS, del(5q) in isolation is a lower-risk cytogenetic anomaly and is sometimes associated with a unique clinicopathological phenotype, but in AML it represents a higher-risk lesion, often denoting secondary AML arising from prior MDS. Lenalidomide effectively targets the del(5q)-bearing clone in MDS, resulting in sustained erythroid transfusion independence in most patients and cytogenetic remission in a subset of treated patients. Since the initial regulatory approval of lenalidomide for del(5q) MDS in 2005, translational research endeavors in del(5q)-associated myeloid malignancies have improved our understanding of how allelic haploinsufficiency underlies both the hematological phenotype and selective sensitivity to lenalidomide therapy. This review will focus on the molecular pathogenesis of del(5q) in myeloid malignancies, clinical development of lenalidomide and emerging data on lenalidomide-refractory del (5q) MDS, and possible novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Venugopal
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David P Steensma
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ehling M, Celus W, Martín-Pérez R, Alba-Rovira R, Willox S, Ponti D, Cid MC, Jones EAV, Di Conza G, Mazzone M. B55α/PP2A Limits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis During Vascular Remodeling: A Complementary Approach To Disrupt Pathological Vessels? Circ Res 2020; 127:707-723. [PMID: 32527198 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE How endothelial cells (ECs) migrate and form an immature vascular plexus has been extensively studied. Yet, mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling remain poorly established. A better understanding of these processes may lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies complementary to current angiogenesis inhibitors. OBJECTIVE Starting from our previous observations that PP2A (protein phosphatase 2) regulates the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)/PHD-2 (prolyl hydroxylase 2)-constituted oxygen machinery, we hypothesized that this axis could play an important role during blood vessel formation, tissue perfusion, and oxygen restoration. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that the PP2A regulatory subunit B55α is at the crossroad between vessel pruning and vessel maturation. Blood vessels with high B55α counter cell stress conditions and thrive for stabilization and maturation. When B55α is inhibited, ECs cannot cope with cell stress and undergo apoptosis, leading to massive pruning of nascent blood vessels. Mechanistically, we found that the B55α/PP2A complex restrains PHD-2 activity, promoting EC survival in a HIF-dependent manner, and furthermore dephosphorylates p38, altogether protecting ECs against cell stress occurring, for example, during the onset of blood flow. In tumors, EC-specific B55α deficiency induces pruning of immature-like tumor blood vessels resulting in delayed tumor growth and metastasis, without affecting nonpathological vessels. Consistently, systemic administration of a pan-PP2A inhibitor disrupts vascular network formation and tumor progression in vivo without additional effects on B55α-deficient vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our data underline a unique role of the B55α/PP2A phosphatase complex in vessel remodeling and suggest the use of PP2A-inhibitors as potent antiangiogenic drugs targeting specifically nascent blood vessels with a mode-of-action complementary to VEGF-R (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)-targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract: A graphical abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ehling
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ward Celus
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roser Alba-Rovira
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium.,Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona (R.A.-R., M.C.C.)
| | - Sander Willox
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donatella Ponti
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium.,Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina (D.P.)
| | - Maria C Cid
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona (R.A.-R., M.C.C.)
| | | | - Giusy Di Conza
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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Maggio D, Ho WS, Breese R, Walbridge S, Wang H, Cui J, Heiss JD, Gilbert MR, Kovach JS, Lu RO, Zhuang Z. Inhibition of protein phosphatase-2A with LB-100 enhances antitumor immunity against glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:231-244. [PMID: 32342332 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis despite standard multimodal treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD1 blockade, for treatment of GBM failed to show clinical benefit. Rational combination strategies to overcome resistance of GBM to checkpoint monotherapy are needed to extend the promise of immunotherapy to GBM management. Emerging evidence suggests that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a critical role in the signal transduction pathways of both adaptive and innate immune cells and that inhibition of PP2A could enhance cancer immunity. We investigated the use of a PP2A inhibitor, LB-100, to enhance antitumor efficacy of PD1 blockade in a syngeneic glioma model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were implanted with murine glioma cell line GL261-luc or GL261-WT and randomized into 4 treatment arms: (i) control, (ii) LB-100, (iii) PD1 blockade and (iv) combination. Survival was assessed and detailed profiling of tumor infiltrating leukocytes was performed. RESULTS Dual PP2A and PD1 blockade significantly improved survival compared with monotherapy alone. Combination therapy resulted in complete regression of tumors in about 25% of mice. This effect was dependent on CD4 and CD8 T cells and cured mice established antigen-specific secondary protective immunity. Analysis of tumor lymphocytes demonstrated enhanced CD8 infiltration and effector function. CONCLUSION This is the first preclinical investigation of the effect of combining PP2A inhibition with PD1 blockade for GBM. This novel combination provided effective tumor immunotherapy and long-term survival in our animal GBM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Maggio
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Winson S Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
- University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Bldg. B HDB 3.214, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Rebecca Breese
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stuart Walbridge
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John S Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, NY, 11733, USA
| | - Rongze O Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
- University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Bldg. B HDB 3.216, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institutes of Health, BLDG 35, Rm 2B203, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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