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Dhungel N, Dragoi AM. Exploring the multifaceted role of direct interaction between cancer cells and fibroblasts in cancer progression. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1379971. [PMID: 38863965 PMCID: PMC11165130 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1379971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the cancer cells is a complex and mutually beneficial system that leads to rapid cancer cells proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. It is now recognized that cancer cells are not isolated, and tumor progression is governed among others, by many components of the TME. The reciprocal cross-talk between cancer cells and their microenvironment can be indirect through the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and paracrine signaling through exosomes, cytokines, and growth factors, or direct by cell-to-cell contact mediated by cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules. Among TME components, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are of unique interest. As one of the most abundant components of the TME, CAFs play key roles in the reorganization of the extracellular matrix, facilitating metastasis and chemotherapy evasion. Both direct and indirect roles have been described for CAFs in modulating tumor progression. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the role of direct contact between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in driving tumor development and metastasis. We also summarize recent findings on the role of direct contact between cancer cells and CAFs in chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilu Dhungel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSUHSC, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSUHSC, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, INLET Core, LSUHSC, Shreveport, LA, United States
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2
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Zhang Q, Lou Y, Fang H, Sun S, Jin R, Ji Y, Chen Z. Cancer‑associated fibroblasts under therapy‑induced senescence in the tumor microenvironment (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:150. [PMID: 38476922 PMCID: PMC10928991 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Current cancer treatments target tumor cells; however, the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces therapeutic resistance, tumor development and metastasis, thus rendering these treatments ineffective. Research on the TME has therefore concentrated on nonmalignant cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major TME component, which contribute to cancer progression due to their diverse origins, phenotypes and functions, including cancer cell invasion and migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor metabolism modulation and therapeutic resistance. Standard cancer treatment typically exacerbates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of senescent cancer cells and nonmalignant cells that actively leak proinflammatory signals in the TME. Therapy-induced senescence may impair cancer cell activity and compromise treatment responsiveness. CAFs and SASP are well-studied in the formation and progression of cancer. The present review discusses the current data on CAF senescence caused by anticancer treatment and assesses how senescence-like CAFs affect tumor formation. The development of senolytic medication for aging stromal cells is also highlighted. Combining cancer therapies with senolytics may boost therapeutic effects and provide novel possibilities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Lou
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shaopeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Rijuan Jin
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yunxi Ji
- Department of General Practice, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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3
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Fernández-Santiago C, López-López R, Piñeiro R. Models to study CTCs and CTC culture methods. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 381:57-98. [PMID: 37739484 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer-related deaths are due to the presence of disseminated disease. Understanding the metastatic process is key to achieving a reduction in cancer mortality. Particularly, there is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer metastasis, which will allow the identification of curative treatments for metastatic cancers. Liquid biopsies have arisen as a minimally invasive approach to gain insights into the biology of metastasis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), shed to the circulation from the primary tumour or metastatic lesions, are a key component of liquid biopsy. As metastatic precursors, CTCs hold the potential to unravel the mechanisms involved in metastasis formation as well as new therapeutic strategies for treating metastatic disease. However, the complex biology of CTCs together with their low frequency in circulation are factors hampering an in-depth mechanistic investigation of the metastatic process. To overcome these problems, CTC-derived models, including CTC-derived xenograft (CDX) and CTC-derived ex vivo cultures, in combination with more traditional in vivo models of metastasis, have emerged as powerful tools to investigate the biological features of CTCs facilitating cancer metastasis and uncover new therapeutic opportunities. In this chapter, we provide an up to date view of the diverse models used in different cancers to study the biology of CTCs, and of the methods developed for CTC culture and expansion, in vivo and ex vivo. We also report some of the main challenges and limitations that these models are facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Fernández-Santiago
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Wu J, Jing X, Du Q, Sun X, Holgersson K, Gao J, He X, Hosaka K, Zhao C, Tao W, FitzGerald GA, Yang Y, Jensen LD, Cao Y. Disruption of the Clock Component Bmal1 in Mice Promotes Cancer Metastasis through the PAI-1-TGF-β-myoCAF-Dependent Mechanism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301505. [PMID: 37330661 PMCID: PMC10460897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock in animals and humans plays crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. Disruption of circadian homeostasis causes detrimental effects. Here, it is demonstrated that the disruption of the circadian rhythm by genetic deletion of mouse brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) gene, coding for the key clock transcription factor, augments an exacerbated fibrotic phenotype in various tumors. Accretion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), especially the alpha smooth muscle actin positive myoCAFs, accelerates tumor growth rates and metastatic potentials. Mechanistically, deletion of Bmal1 abrogates expression of its transcriptionally targeted plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Consequently, decreased levels of PAI-1 in the tumor microenvironment instigate plasmin activation through upregulation of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator. The activated plasmin converts latent TGF-β into its activated form, which potently induces tumor fibrosis and the transition of CAFs into myoCAFs, the latter promoting cancer metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β signaling largely ablates the metastatic potentials of colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic insights into disruption of the circadian clock in tumor growth and metastasis. It is reasonably speculated that normalization of the circadian rhythm in patients provides a novel paradigm for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhongshan Second Road 58Guangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035P. R. China
| | | | - Juan Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University Medical SchoolHangzhou310016P. R. China
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye InstituteEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA19104‐5158USA
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Lasse D. Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkoping581 83Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
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Song M, Liu Q, Sun W, Zhang H. Crosstalk between Thyroid Carcinoma and Tumor-Correlated Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2863. [PMID: 37345200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in the endocrine system. Although most TC can achieve a desirable prognosis, some refractory thyroid carcinomas, including radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, as well as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, face a myriad of difficulties in clinical treatment. These types of tumors contribute to the majority of TC deaths due to limited initial therapy, recurrence, and metastasis of the tumor and tumor resistance to current clinically targeted drugs, which ultimately lead to treatment failure. At present, a growing number of studies have demonstrated crosstalk between TC and tumor-associated immune cells, which affects tumor deterioration and metastasis through distinct signal transduction or receptor activation. Current immunotherapy focuses primarily on cutting off the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells. Since the advent of immunotherapy, scholars have discovered targets for TC immunotherapy, which also provides new strategies for TC treatment. This review methodically and intensively summarizes the current understanding and mechanism of the crosstalk between distinct types of TC and immune cells, as well as potential immunotherapy strategies and clinical research results in the area of the tumor immune microenvironment. We aim to explore the current research advances to formulate better individualized treatment strategies for TC patients and to provide clues and references for the study of potential immune checkpoints and the development of immunotherapy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Song
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
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6
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Zheng D, Zhou J, Qian L, Liu X, Chang C, Tang S, Zhang H, Zhou S. Biomimetic nanoparticles drive the mechanism understanding of shear-wave elasticity stiffness in triple negative breast cancers to predict clinical treatment. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:567-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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7
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Preclinical models in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1819-1827. [PMID: 36765175 PMCID: PMC10147614 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most frequent cancer type. Drug resistance and toxicity are common challenges of the existing therapies, making the development of reliable preclinical models essential for the study of the involved molecular mechanisms as well as for eventual intervention approaches that improve the clinical outcome. Preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been traditionally based on cell lines and murine models. In this review, we will go over the most frequently used preclinical models, from immortalised-cell and primary tumour cultures in monolayer or 3D, to the currently available animal models. We will scrutinise their efficiency in mimicking the molecular and cellular complexity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, the challenges and the opportunities of other envisaged putative approaches, as well as the potential of the preclinical models to further develop personalised therapies will be discussed.
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8
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Hurtado P, Martínez-Pena I, Yepes-Rodríguez S, Bascoy-Otero M, Abuín C, Fernández-Santiago C, Sánchez L, López-López R, Piñeiro R. Modelling metastasis in zebrafish unveils regulatory interactions of cancer-associated fibroblasts with circulating tumour cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1076432. [PMID: 36949770 PMCID: PMC10025339 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1076432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic intercommunication between tumour cells and cells from the microenvironment, such as cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), is a key factor driving breast cancer (BC) metastasis. Clusters of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), known to bare a higher efficiency at establishing metastases, are found in the blood of BC patients, often accompanied by CAFs in heterotypic CTC-clusters. Previously we have shown the utility of CTC-clusters models and the zebrafish embryo as a model of metastasis to understand the biology of breast cancer CTC-clusters. In this work, we use the zebrafish embryo to study the interactions between CTCs in homotypic clusters and CTC-CAFs in heterotypic CTC-clusters to identify potential pro-metastatic traits derived from CTC-CAF communication. We found that upon dissemination CAFs seem to exert a pro-survival and pro-proliferative effect on the CTCs, but only when CTCs and CAFs remain joined as cell clusters. Our data indicate that the clustering of CTC and CAF allows the establishment of physical interactions that when maintained over time favour the selection of CTCs with a higher capacity to survive and proliferate upon dissemination. Importantly, this effect seems to be dependent on the survival of disseminated CAFs and was not observed in the presence of normal fibroblasts. Moreover, we show that CAFs can exert regulatory effects on the CTCs without being involved in promoting tumour cell invasion. Lastly, we show that the physical communication between BC cells and CAFs leads to the production of soluble factors involved in BC cell survival and proliferation. These findings suggest the existence of a CAF-regulatory effect on CTC survival and proliferation sustained by cell-to-cell contacts and highlight the need to understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate the interaction between the CTCs and CAFs in clusters enhancing the metastatic capacity of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hurtado
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Martínez-Pena
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Yepes-Rodríguez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Bascoy-Otero
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Fernández-Santiago
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Roberto Piñeiro, ; Rafael López-López,
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Roberto Piñeiro, ; Rafael López-López,
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9
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Zarubova J, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Norris SCP, Majedi FS, Xiao C, Kasko AM, Li S. Cell-Taxi: Mesenchymal Cells Carry and Transport Clusters of Cancer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203515. [PMID: 36307906 PMCID: PMC9772300 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell clusters that collectively migrate from primary tumors appear to be far more potent in forming distant metastases than single cancer cells. A better understanding of the collective cell migration phenomenon and the involvement of various cell types during this process is needed. Here, an in vitro platform based on inverted-pyramidal microwells to follow and quantify the collective migration of hundreds of tumor cell clusters at once is developed. These results indicate that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the heterotypic tumor cell clusters may facilitate metastatic dissemination by transporting low-motile cancer cells in a Rac-dependent manner and that extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal cells only play a minor role in this process. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that cancer cell spheroids containing MSCs or CAFs have faster spreading rates. These findings highlight the active role of co-traveling stromal cells in the collective migration of tumor cell clusters and may help in developing better-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Sam C P Norris
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Majedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Crystal Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Andrea M Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
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10
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Peng XY, Dong B, Liu X. Cancer metastasis is related to normal tissue stemness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277811. [PMID: 36413554 PMCID: PMC9681098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cancer metastasis may be related to stem cells in normal tissues. We searched for patient IDs with both normal tissue stem cell values and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) clinical data for pairing and obtained 639 sets of data (stemness index of normal tissue, stemness index of tumor tissue, cancer stage, distant metastasis, tumor size) and invasion, and lymph node involvement). However, clinical data on cancer metastasis are of only four stages (e.g., Stage I, II, III, and IV), which cannot show subtle changes continuously. We need to find an effective data mining method to transform this four-valued clinical description into a numerical curve. We data-mine this data through numericalization, sorting, and noise reduction filtering. The results showed that: as the normal tissue stemness value (NS) increased, the tumor tissue stemness value (TS) increased proportionally (1.26 times NS). When NS >0.5, the rate of change in TS decelerated (0.43 times NS), and tumor metastasis began to occur. Clinical indicators, such as cancer stage, distant metastasis, tumor size and invasion, and lymph node involvement, showed that tumor metastasis became more and more severe with the increase of NS. This study suggests that tumor metastasis is triggered when the NS in the patient's body is more significant than 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yue Peng
- Biology Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bocun Dong
- Biology Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Biology Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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11
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Segal D, Mazloom-Farsibaf H, Chang BJ, Roudot P, Rajendran D, Daetwyler S, Fiolka R, Warren M, Amatruda JF, Danuser G. In vivo 3D profiling of site-specific human cancer cell morphotypes in zebrafish. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213501. [PMID: 36155740 PMCID: PMC9516844 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironments affect the functional states of cancer cells, but determining these influences in vivo has remained a challenge. We present a quantitative high-resolution imaging assay of single cancer cells in zebrafish xenografts to probe functional adaptation to variable cell-extrinsic cues and molecular interventions. Using cell morphology as a surrogate readout of cell functional states, we examine environmental influences on the morphotype distribution of Ewing Sarcoma, a pediatric cancer associated with the oncogene EWSR1-FLI1 and whose plasticity is thought to determine disease outcome through non-genomic mechanisms. Computer vision analysis reveals systematic shifts in the distribution of 3D morphotypes as a function of cell type and seeding site, as well as tissue-specific cellular organizations that recapitulate those observed in human tumors. Reduced expression of the EWSR1-FLI1 protein product causes a shift to more protrusive cells and decreased tissue specificity of the morphotype distribution. Overall, this work establishes a framework for a statistically robust study of cancer cell plasticity in diverse tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Segal
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hanieh Mazloom-Farsibaf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philippe Roudot
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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12
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Cancer-associated fibroblast-specific lncRNA LINC01614 enhances glutamine uptake in lung adenocarcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:141. [PMID: 36209111 PMCID: PMC9548164 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides featured glucose consumption, recent studies reveal that cancer cells might prefer “addicting” specific energy substrates from the tumor microenvironment (TME); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Fibroblast-specific long noncoding RNAs were screened using RNA-seq data of our NJLCC cohort, TCGA, and CCLE datasets. The expression and package of LINC01614 into exosomes were identified using flow cytometric sorting, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The transfer and functional role of LINC01614 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and CAFs were investigated using 4-thiouracil-labeled RNA transfer and gain- and loss-of-function approaches. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase assay, gene expression microarray, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. Results We demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in LUAD primarily enhance the glutamine metabolism of cancer cells. A CAF-specific long noncoding RNA, LINC01614, packaged by CAF-derived exosomes, mediates the enhancement of glutamine uptake in LUAD cells. Mechanistically, LINC01614 directly interacts with ANXA2 and p65 to facilitate the activation of NF-κB, which leads to the upregulation of the glutamine transporters SLC38A2 and SLC7A5 and eventually enhances the glutamine influx of cancer cells. Reciprocally, tumor-derived proinflammatory cytokines upregulate LINC01614 in CAFs, constituting a feedforward loop between CAFs and cancer cells. Blocking exosome-transmitted LINC01614 inhibits glutamine addiction and LUAD growth in vivo. Clinically, LINC01614 expression in CAFs is associated with the glutamine influx and poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Conclusion Our study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting a CAF-specific lncRNA to inhibit glutamine utilization and cancer progression in LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01359-4.
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13
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Wang X, Shi X, Lu H, Zhang C, Li X, Zhang T, Shen J, Wen J. Succinylation Inhibits the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibrillin 1 and Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200546. [PMID: 35901491 PMCID: PMC9507347 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is crucial in the regulation of gastric cancer (GC) progression. This work aims to reveal novel posttranslational modifications and their relevant mechanisms in GC. In 3D matrix culture and animal models, it is found that fibrillin 1 (FBN1) expression is increased in advanced GC and has succinylation modification. The succinylation modification of FBN1 blocks its degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The long-term accumulation and deposition of FBN1 enhance tumor progression by activating TGF-β1 and intracellular PI3K/Akt pathway. The FBN1 succinylation site monoclonal antibody can effectively intervene the effect of succinylation modification and inhibit GC progression. FBN1 is specifically upregulated in the progression of GC compared with other tumors. In conclusion, FBN1 is widely present in the form of K672-succinylated modifications in GC. Besides, the succinyl group of FBN1 blocks its binding to MMP2, inhibits its degradation by MMP2, and leads to the accumulation of FBN1, which poses a long-term risk to the poor prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Wang
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1111, XianXia RoadShanghai200336China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hongcheng Lu
- Department of UrologyZhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeastern China UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyMedical Center for Digestive DiseasesSecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Surgical OncologyJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Surgical OncologyJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Jianfei Wen
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
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14
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Pereira-Veiga T, Schneegans S, Pantel K, Wikman H. Circulating tumor cell-blood cell crosstalk: Biology and clinical relevance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111298. [PMID: 36044866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the seeds of distant metastasis, and the number of CTCs detected in the blood of cancer patients is associated with a worse prognosis. CTCs face critical challenges for their survival in circulation, such as anoikis, shearing forces, and immune surveillance. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and interactions of CTCs within the blood microenvironment is crucial for better understanding of metastatic progression and the development of novel treatment strategies. CTCs interact with different hematopoietic cells, such as platelets, red blood cells, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts, which can affect CTC survival in blood. This interaction may take place either via direct cell-cell contact or through secreted molecules. Here, we review interactions of CTCs with blood cells and discuss the potential clinical relevance of these interactions as biomarkers or as targets for anti-metastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pereira-Veiga
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Schneegans
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Tao J, Zhu L, Yakoub M, Reißfelder C, Loges S, Schölch S. Cell-Cell Interactions Drive Metastasis of Circulating Tumor Microemboli. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2661-2671. [PMID: 35856896 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells are the cellular mediators of distant metastasis in solid malignancies. Their metastatic potential can be augmented by clustering with other tumor cells or nonmalignant cells, forming circulating tumor microemboli (CTM). Cell-cell interactions are key regulators within CTM that convey enhanced metastatic properties, including improved cell survival, immune evasion, and effective extravasation into distant organs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism of CTM formation, as well as the biology of interactions between tumor cells and immune cells, platelets, and stromal cells in the circulation, remains to be determined. Here, we review the current literature on cell-cell interactions in homotypic and heterotypic CTM and provide perspectives on therapeutic strategies to attenuate CTM-mediated metastasis by targeting cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Tao
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lei Zhu
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mina Yakoub
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Iwinska Z, Kowalczuk K, Iwanowska J, Pawlak D. Zebrafish—An Optimal Model in Experimental Oncology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134223. [PMID: 35807468 PMCID: PMC9268704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of cancer pathogenesis is a necessary step in the development of more effective and safer therapy. However, due to the complexity of the process and intricate interactions, studying tumor development is an extremely difficult and challenging task. In bringing this issue closer, different scientific models with various advancement levels are helpful. Cell cultures is a system that is too simple and does not allow for multidirectional research. On the other hand, rodent models, although commonly used, are burdened with several limitations. For this reason, new model organisms that will allow for the studying of carcinogenesis stages and factors reliably involved in them are urgently sought after. Danio rerio, an inconspicuous fish endowed with unique features, is gaining in importance in the world of scientific research. Including it in oncological research brings solutions to many challenges afflicting modern medicine. This article aims to illustrate the usefulness of Danio rerio as a model organism which turns out to be a powerful and unique tool for studying the stages of carcinogenesis and solving the hitherto incomprehensible processes that lead to the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (Z.I.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-8574-856-01
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (Z.I.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zaneta Iwinska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (Z.I.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M Skłodowskiej-Curie 7A, 15-096 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Iwanowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (Z.I.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (Z.I.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
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17
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Zhang J, Cao L, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang M, Cheng C, Yu L, Xue F, Sui W, Sun S, li N, Bu P, Liu B, Gao F, Zhen J, Su G, Zhang C, Gao C, Zhang M, Zhang Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 plays a critical role in hypertensive nephropathy by promoting proteasomal degradation of MAP3K7 in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:556-567. [PMID: 34584221 PMCID: PMC8901735 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis and inflammation are critical for the initiation and progression of hypertensive renal disease (HRD). However, the signaling mechanisms underlying their induction are poorly understood, and the role of tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in HRD remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of TRIM31 in the pathogenesis of HRD, discover targets of TRIM31, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Pathological specimens of human HRD kidney were collected and an angiotensin II (AngII)-induced HRD mouse model was developed. We found that TRIM31 was markedly reduced in both human and mouse HRD renal tissues. A TRIM31-/- mice was thus constructed and showed significantly aggravated hypertension-induced renal dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation, following chronic AngII infusion compared with TRIM31+/+ mice. In contrast, overexpression of TRIM31 by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 into C57BL/6J mice markedly ameliorated renal dysfunction, fibrotic and inflammatory response in AngII-induced HRD relative to AAV-control mice. Mechanistically, TRIM31 interacted with and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination of lysine 72 on Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), followed by the proteasomal degradation of MAP3K7, which further negatively regulated TGF-β1-mediated Smad and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated for the first time that TRIM31 serves as an important regulator in AngII-induced HRD by promoting MAP3K7 K48-linked polyubiquitination and inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Cao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Yu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xue
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwen Sun
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peili Bu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China ,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China ,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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18
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Ali Z, Vildevall M, Rodriguez GV, Tandiono D, Vamvakaris I, Evangelou G, Lolas G, Syrigos KN, Villanueva A, Wick M, Omar S, Erkstam A, Schueler J, Fahlgren A, Jensen LD. Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft models predict lymph node involvement and treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:58. [PMID: 35139880 PMCID: PMC8827197 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate predictions of tumor dissemination risks and medical treatment outcomes are critical to personalize therapy. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in mice have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting therapeutic outcomes, but methods for predicting tumor invasiveness and early stages of vascular/lymphatic dissemination are still lacking. Here we show that a zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) platform based on implantation of PDX tissue fragments recapitulate both treatment outcome and tumor invasiveness/dissemination in patients, within an assay time of only 3 days. Methods Using a panel of 39 non-small cell lung cancer PDX models, we developed a combined mouse-zebrafish PDX platform based on direct implantation of cryopreserved PDX tissue fragments into zebrafish embryos, without the need for pre-culturing or expansion. Clinical proof-of-principle was established by direct implantation of tumor samples from four patients. Results The resulting ZTX models responded to Erlotinib and Paclitaxel, with similar potency as in mouse-PDX models and the patients themselves, and resistant tumors similarly failed to respond to these drugs in the ZTX system. Drug response was coupled to elevated expression of EGFR, Mdm2, Ptch1 and Tsc1 (Erlotinib), or Nras and Ptch1 (Paclitaxel) and reduced expression of Egfr, Erbb2 and Foxa (Paclitaxel). Importantly, ZTX models retained the invasive phenotypes of the tumors and predicted lymph node involvement of the patients with 91% sensitivity and 62% specificity, which was superior to clinically used tests. The biopsies from all four patient tested implanted successfully, and treatment outcome and dissemination were quantified for all patients in only 3 days. Conclusions We conclude that the ZTX platform provide a fast, accurate, and clinically relevant system for evaluation of treatment outcome and invasion/dissemination of PDX models, providing an attractive platform for combined mouse-zebrafish PDX trials and personalized medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02280-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Georgios Evangelou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Lolas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,InCELLiA P.C, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Xenopat S.L., Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shenga Omar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Campus US, Entrance 68, Pl. 08, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Fahlgren
- BioReperia AB, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linöping, Sweden
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- BioReperia AB, Linköping, Sweden. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Campus US, Entrance 68, Pl. 08, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
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19
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Wang J, Zhang XY, Xu DY. Zebrafish xenograft model for studying the function of lncRNA SNHG4 in the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:210-220. [PMID: 35284103 PMCID: PMC8899727 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zebrafish xenograft model has become a reliable in vivo model for human cancer research. Compared to a mouse model, the zebrafish xenograft has many advantages, including optical transparency, intuitive in vivo observation, and speed. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial regulatory factors in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The biological function of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) in CRC is still unclear. METHODS We analyzed the expression of SNHG4 in CRC patient samples by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) software. The quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify in CRC cell lines. The colony formation assay was used to study the cell proliferation, and we used the transwell assay to detect the migration ability. Then the zebrafish xenograft models were used to confirm these roles of SNHG4 in vivo. Moreover, we detected epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes by qRT-PCR. RESULTS We found the expression of SNHG4 was upregulated in CRC patient samples by analyzing GEPIA software, which was also verified in CRC cell lines. We also found that silencing SNHG4 inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, and its roles were verified in zebrafish xenografts in vivo. Further, we found that the expression of E-cadherin was significantly upregulated and N-cadherin was downregulated when knocking-down SNHG4 in CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that SNHG4 played oncogenic roles in CRC, which could be a potential target for treatment of CRC patients, and the results strongly revealed that zebrafish xenograft could be used for functional research of lncRNAs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Piccolo O, Lincoln JD, Melong N, Orr BC, Fernandez NR, Borsavage J, Berman JN, Robar J, Ha MN. Radiation dose enhancement using gold nanoparticles with a diamond linear accelerator target: a multiple cell type analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1559. [PMID: 35091583 PMCID: PMC8799734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective cancer treatment modality, but standard RT often causes collateral damage to nearby healthy tissues. To increase therapeutic ratio, radiosensitization via gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has been shown to be effective. One challenge is that megavoltage beams generated by clinical linear accelerators are poor initiators of the photoelectric effect. Previous computer models predicted that a diamond target beam (DTB) will yield 400% more low-energy photons, increasing the probability of interacting with GNPs to enhance the radiation dose by 7.7-fold in the GNP vicinity. After testing DTB radiation coupled with GNPs in multiple cell types, we demonstrate decreased head-and-neck cancer (HNC) cell viability in vitro and enhanced cell-killing in zebrafish xenografts compared to standard RT. HNC cell lines also displayed increased double-stranded DNA breaks with DTB irradiation in the presence of GNPs. This study presents preclinical responses to GNP-enhanced radiotherapy with the novel DTB, providing the first functional data to support the theoretical evidence for radiosensitization via GNPs in this context, and highlighting the potential of this approach to optimize the efficacy of RT in anatomically difficult-to-treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John D Lincoln
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nicole Melong
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute/Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benno C Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jennifer Borsavage
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute/Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James Robar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael N Ha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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21
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Yang Y, Ma Y, Yan S, Wang P, Hu J, Chen S, Zhu J, Wang J, Chen G, Liu Y. CAF promotes chemoresistance through NRP2 in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:503-514. [PMID: 34826008 PMCID: PMC9013334 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in the stroma of tumor, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote cancer chemoresistance by secreting various bioactive molecules. However, the differential expression between CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) and how can CAFs uniquely impact cancer cells are still unexplored. METHODS Primary CAFs and NFs were cultured from gastric cancer specimens, and their variant expression was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Chemoresistance was evaluated by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, and 3D-coculture techniques. RESULTS CAFs were isolated from gastric cancers and defined by specific cell-surface markers. CAFs decreased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU. RNA-sequencing showed that CAFs expressed a higher level of NRP2 than NFs. And the high expression of NRP2 was correlated with worse oncological outcomes in gastric cancer patients. Further study showed that the knockdown of NRP2 eradicated the resistance to 5-FU. And the secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was reduced following NRP2 knockdown. Furthermore, we found that the increased sensitivity to 5-FU was induced by DNA damage. And this process was mediated by predominant effectors of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that CAFs within gastric cancers promote chemoresistance through the expression of NRP2. The secretion of SDF-1 that mediated by VEGF/NRP2 signaling in CAFs and the activation of Hippo pathway in cancer cells in large part participated in this project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchen Ma
- Department of Endoscopic Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Yan
- Department of Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
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22
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Wu J, Chen Z, Wickström SL, Gao J, He X, Jing X, Wu J, Du Q, Yang M, Chen Y, Zhang D, Yin X, Guo Z, Jensen L, Yang Y, Tao W, Lundqvist A, Kiessling R, Cao Y. Interleukin-33 is a Novel Immunosuppressor that Protects Cancer Cells from TIL Killing by a Macrophage-Mediated Shedding Mechanism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101029. [PMID: 34486239 PMCID: PMC8564439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of specific antigens expressed in cancer cells is the initial process of cytolytic T cell-mediated cancer killing. However, this process can be affected by other non-cancerous cellular components in the tumor microenvironment. Here, it is shown that interleukin-33 (IL-33)-activated macrophages protect melanoma cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-mediated killing. Mechanistically, IL-33 markedly upregulates metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) expression in macrophages, which acts as a sheddase to trim NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, subsets of CD4+ T cells, iNKT cells, and γδ T cells. Further, MMP-9 also cleaves the MHC class I molecule, cell surface antigen-presenting complex molecules, expressed in melanoma cells. Consequently, IL-33-induced macrophage MMP-9 robustly mitigates the tumor killing-effect by T cells. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of MMP-9 sheddase restore T cell-mediated cancer killing. Together, these data provide compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence showing novel mechanisms underlying the IL-33-macrophage-MMP-9 axis-mediated immune tolerance against cancer cells. Targeting each of these signaling components, including IL-33 and MMP-9 provides a new therapeutic paradigm for improving anticancer efficacy by immune therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity/drug effects
- Interleukin-33/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/cytology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/chemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Mice
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250000China
| | - Ziqing Chen
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Stina L. Wickström
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Institute of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Muyi Yang
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- School of MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Ziheng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610045China
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping UniversitySweden
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
- Karolinska University HospitalSolnaStockholm171 64Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
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23
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Jiao K, Zhen J, Wu M, Teng M, Yang K, Zhou Q, Hu C, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Z. 27-Hydroxycholesterol-induced EndMT acts via STAT3 signaling to promote breast cancer cell migration by altering the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 17:88-100. [PMID: 32296578 PMCID: PMC7142833 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a major role in cancer metastasis by regulating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we investigated whether 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) induces EndMT in endothelial cells (ECs). Methods: EndMT markers in the human microvascular endothelial cell-1 (HMEC-1) cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with 27HC were evaluated with Western blot. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in breast cancer (BC) cells cultured in conditioned medium were investigated with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity were detected with qRT-PCR and gelatin zymography assays, respectively. The effect of activated STAT3 on 27HC-induced EndMT was validated by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and cell transfection assays. The migration ability of BC cells was evaluated with Transwell assays. Results: We found that 27HC induced EndMT in HMEC-1 and HUVECs, and 27HC-induced EndMT facilitated EMT and BC cell migration. The 27HC-induced EMT of BC cells also promoted EndMT and HUVEC migration. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that STAT3 knockdown repressed EndMT in HUVECs as well as migration in BC cells induced with 27HC. In addition, C646 and resveratrol, inhibitors of STAT3 acetylation, repressed the expression of Ac-STAT3, p-STAT3, and EndMT markers in HUVECs exposed to 27HC; these HUVECs in turn attenuated the migration ability of BC cells in 27HC-induced EndMT. Conclusions: Cross-talk between 27HC-induced EndMT and EMT was observed in the TME. Moreover, activation of STAT3 signaling was found to be involved in 27HC-induced EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Maoxuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengying Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Keke Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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24
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miR-125a-5p impairs the metastatic potential in breast cancer via IP 6K1 targeting. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:48-56. [PMID: 34229060 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The deregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling is among the most causes in inducing the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype in breast cancer cells, leading to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway is known to be beneficial in the clinical setting. However, the activation of secondary pathways and toxicity profiles of available inhibitors, hindering optimal therapeutic results. Preliminary studies showed that myo-Inositol inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway by exerting a pleiotropic anti-tumor action. Herein, we demonstrate that myo-Inositol triggers a prompt and profound remodeling of delineated expression pattern in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Consequently, it inhibits metastasis and tumor progression through miR-125a-5p transcription and the subsequent inhibition of IP6K1. In contrast, hormone-responsive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) are insensitive to myo-Inositol. This is due to the persistence of MDM2 synthesis promoted by estrogen-dependent pathways. Conversely, the counteraction of estrogen effects recovered the sensitivity to myo-Inositol in the hormone-responsive model. Overall, these results identify a novel axis primed by miR-125a-5p to downregulate IP6K1 gene that inhibits metastasis. Thus, administration of myo-Inositol can activate this axis as a molecular target therapy in breast cancer.
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25
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Sharma U, Medina-Saenz K, Miller PC, Troness B, Spartz A, Sandoval-Leon A, Parke DN, Seagroves TN, Lippman ME, El-Ashry D. Heterotypic clustering of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitates breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:63-80. [PMID: 34216317 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critical drivers of breast cancer (BC) malignancy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) travel through hematogenous routes to establish metastases. CTCs circulate both individually and, more rarely, in clusters with other cell types. Clusters of CTCs have higher metastatic potential than single CTCs. Previously, we identified circulating CAFs (cCAFs) in patients with BC and found that while healthy donors had no CTCs or cCAFs, both were present in most Stage IV patients. cCAFs circulate individually, as cCAF-cCAF homotypic clusters, and in heterotypic clusters with CTCs. METHODS In this study, we evaluate CTCs, cCAFs, and heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in patients with stage I-IV BC. We evaluate the association of heterotypic clusters with BC disease progression and metastasis in a spontaneous mouse model. Using previously established primary BC and CAF cell lines, we examine the metastatic propensity of heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in orthotopic and tail vein xenograft mouse models of BC. Using an in vitro clustering assay, we determine factors that may be involved in clustering between CAF and BC cells. RESULTS We report that the dissemination of CTCs, cCAFs, and clusters is an early event in BC progression, and we find these clusters in all clinical stages of BC. Furthermore, cCAFs-CTC heterotypic clusters have a higher metastatic potential than homotypic CTC clusters in vivo. We also demonstrate that the adhesion and stemness marker CD44, found on a subset of CTCs and CAF cells, is involved in heterotypic clustering of these cells. CONCLUSION We identify a novel subset of circulating tumor cell clusters that are enriched with stromal CAF cells in BC patient blood and preclinical mouse models of BC metastasis. Our data suggest that clustering of CTCs with cCAFs augments their metastatic potential and that CD44 might be an important mediator of heterotypic clustering of cCAFs and BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Sharma
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelsie Medina-Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philip C Miller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin Troness
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ana Sandoval-Leon
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deanna N Parke
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany N Seagroves
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marc E Lippman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Wang Z, Liu J, Huang H, Ye M, Li X, Wu R, Liu H, Song Y. Metastasis-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target for metastatic cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:47. [PMID: 34112258 PMCID: PMC8194104 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis suggests a poor prognosis for cancer patients, and treatment strategies for metastatic cancer are still very limited. Numerous studies have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a large component of the tumor microenvironment, contribute to tumor metastasis. Stromal fibroblasts at metastatic sites are different from CAFs within primary tumors and can be termed metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs), and they also make great contributions to the establishment of metastatic lesions and the therapeutic resistance of metastatic tumors. MAFs are capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix of metastatic tumors, modulating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis and enhancing malignant tumor phenotypes. Thus, MAFs can help establish premetastatic niches and mediate resistance to therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy. The results of preclinical studies suggest that targeting MAFs can alleviate the progression of metastatic cancer and mitigate therapeutic resistance, indicating that MAFs are a promising target for metastatic cancer. Here, we comprehensively summarize the existing evidence on MAFs and discuss their origins, generation, functions and related therapeutic strategies in an effort to provide a better understanding of MAFs and offer treatment perspectives for metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, #305, East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, #305, East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hairong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxiang Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, #305, East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranpu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University of Medicine, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, #305, East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, #305, East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Sajjad H, Imtiaz S, Noor T, Siddiqui YH, Sajjad A, Zia M. Cancer models in preclinical research: A chronicle review of advancement in effective cancer research. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:87-103. [PMID: 34179717 PMCID: PMC8212826 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major stress for public well-being and is the most dreadful disease. The models used in the discovery of cancer treatment are continuously changing and extending toward advanced preclinical studies. Cancer models are either naturally existing or artificially prepared experimental systems that show similar features with human tumors though the heterogeneous nature of the tumor is very familiar. The choice of the most fitting model to best reflect the given tumor system is one of the real difficulties for cancer examination. Therefore, vast studies have been conducted on the cancer models for developing a better understanding of cancer invasion, progression, and early detection. These models give an insight into cancer etiology, molecular basis, host tumor interaction, the role of microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity in tumor metastasis. These models are also used to predict novel cancer markers, targeted therapies, and are extremely helpful in drug development. In this review, the potential of cancer models to be used as a platform for drug screening and therapeutic discoveries are highlighted. Although none of the cancer models is regarded as ideal because each is associated with essential caveats that restraint its application yet by bridging the gap between preliminary cancer research and translational medicine. However, they promise a brighter future for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Sajjad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Saiqa Imtiaz
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | | | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
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28
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Peng L, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Immune Responses against Disseminated Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2515. [PMID: 34063848 PMCID: PMC8196619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths are a consequence of metastases, a series of linear events, notably the invasion-metastasis cascade. The current understanding of cancer immune surveillance derives from studies in primary tumors, but disseminated cancer cells acquire mutations and, in some cases, appear to progress independently after spreading from primary sites. An early step in this process is micrometastatic dissemination. As such, the equilibrium between the immune system and disseminated cancer cells controls the fate of the cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibit significant clinical activity in patients, but the efficacy of ICIs depends on both the tumor and its microenvironment. Data often suggest that disseminated cancer cells are not adequately targeted by the immune system. In this review, we summarize the main basic findings of immune responses against disseminated tumor cells and their organ-specific characteristics. Such studies may provide new directions for cancer immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Zibing Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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29
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Gamble JT, Elson DJ, Greenwood JA, Tanguay RL, Kolluri SK. The Zebrafish Xenograft Models for Investigating Cancer and Cancer Therapeutics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040252. [PMID: 33804830 PMCID: PMC8063817 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The identification and development of new anti-cancer drugs requires extensive testing in animal models to establish safety and efficacy of drug candidates. The transplantation of human tumor tissue into mouse (tumor xenografts) is commonly used to study cancer progression and to test potential drugs for their anti-cancer activity. Mouse models do not afford the ability to test a large number of drug candidates quickly as it takes several weeks to conduct these experiments. In contrast, tumor xenograft studies in zebrafish provide an efficient platform for rapid testing of safety and efficacy in less than two weeks. Abstract In order to develop new cancer therapeutics, rapid, reliable, and relevant biological models are required to screen and validate drug candidates for both efficacy and safety. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as an excellent model organism suited for these goals. Larval fish or immunocompromised adult fish are used to engraft human cancer cells and serve as a platform for screening potential drug candidates. With zebrafish sharing ~80% of disease-related orthologous genes with humans, they provide a low cost, high-throughput alternative to mouse xenografts that is relevant to human biology. In this review, we provide background on the methods and utility of zebrafish xenograft models in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Gamble
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Elson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Juliet A. Greenwood
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Scotsdale, AZ 85257, USA;
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Siva K. Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Su S, Li X. Dive into Single, Seek Out Multiple: Probing Cancer Metastases via Single-Cell Sequencing and Imaging Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1067. [PMID: 33802312 PMCID: PMC7959126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of most cancer deaths and continues to be the biggest challenge in clinical practice and laboratory investigation. The challenge is largely due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic tumor populations and the complex interactions among cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is important to determine the genotype and phenotype of individual cells so that the metastasis-driving events can be precisely identified, understood, and targeted in future therapies. Single-cell sequencing techniques have allowed the direct comparison of the genomic and transcriptomic changes among different stages of metastatic samples. Single-cell imaging approaches have enabled the live visualization of the heterogeneous behaviors of malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. By applying these technologies, we are achieving a spatiotemporal precision understanding of cancer metastases and clinical therapeutic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Chen X, Li Y, Yao T, Jia R. Benefits of Zebrafish Xenograft Models in Cancer Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616551. [PMID: 33644052 PMCID: PMC7905065 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising in vivo tool for cancer research, zebrafish have been widely applied in various tumor studies. The zebrafish xenograft model is a low-cost, high-throughput tool for cancer research that can be established quickly and requires only a small sample size, which makes it favorite among researchers. Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft (zPDX) models provide promising evidence for short-term clinical treatment. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of zebrafish, such as their transparent and translucent features, the use of vascular fluorescence imaging, the establishment of metastatic and intracranial orthotopic models, individual pharmacokinetics measurements, and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we introduce how these characteristics and advantages are applied other in tumor studies. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the use of zebrafish in tumor studies and provide new ideas for the application of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Wang S, Han C, Liu T, Ma Z, Qiu M, Wang J, You Q, Zheng X, Xu W, Xia W, Xu Y, Hu J, Xu L, Yin R. FAM83H-AS1 is a noncoding oncogenic driver and therapeutic target of lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e316. [PMID: 33634993 PMCID: PMC7882096 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about noncoding oncogenes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and these potential drivers might provide novel therapeutic targets. METHODS Since abnormally overexpression of oncogenic drivers is induced by genomic variation, we here utilized genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical prognosis data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD datasets to discover novel drivers from long noncoding RNAs. We further used zebrafish models to validate the biological function of candidates in vivo. The full length of FAM83H-AS1 was obtained by rapid amplification of the cDNA ends assay. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, quantitative mass spectrometry, and RNA sequencing assays were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms. Additionally, we used CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) method and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting FAM83H-AS1. RESULTS The results suggest that FAM83H-AS1 is a potential oncogenic driver due to chromosome 8q24 amplification. Upregulation of FAM83H-AS1 results in poor prognosis of LUAD patients in both Jiangsu Cancer Hospital (JSCH) and TCGA cohorts. Functional assays revealed that FAM83H-AS1 promotes malignant progression and inhibits apoptosis. Mechanistically, FAM83H-AS1 binds HNRNPK to enhance the translation of antiapoptotic oncogenes RAB8B and RAB14. Experiments using CRISPRi-mediated xenografts and PDTX models indicated that targeting FAM83H-AS1 inhibited LUAD progression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that FAM83H-AS1 is a noncoding oncogenic driver that inhibits LUAD apoptosis via the FAM83H-AS1-HNRNPK-RAB8B/RAB14 axis, which highlights the importance and potential roles that FAM83H-AS1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Chencheng Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Tongyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
- Department of Science and technologyNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Zhifei Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
- Department of Science and technologyNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
- Biobank of Lung CancerJiangsu Biobank of Clinical ResourcesNanjingChina
| | - Qingjun You
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Weizhang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Wenjia Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Youtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer ResearchNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
- Department of Science and technologyNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
- Biobank of Lung CancerJiangsu Biobank of Clinical ResourcesNanjingChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Loveless R, Shay C, Teng Y. Unveiling Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Using Zebrafish Models. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:611847. [PMID: 33521055 PMCID: PMC7841114 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.611847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a rich and active arena that is strategically evolved overtime by tumors to promote their survival and dissemination. Over the years, attention has been focused to characterize and identify the tumor-supporting roles and subsequent targeting potentials of TME components. Nevertheless, recapitulating the human TME has proved inherently challenging, leaving much to be explored. In this regard, in vivo model systems like zebrafish, with its optical clarity, ease of genetic manipulation, and high engraftment, have proven to be indispensable for TME modeling and investigation. In this review, we discuss the recent ways by which zebrafish models have lent their utility to provide new insights into the various cellular and molecular mechanisms driving TME dynamics and tumor support. Specifically, we report on innate immune cell interactions, cytokine signaling, metastatic plasticity, and other processes within the metastatic cascade. In addition, we reflect on the arrival of adult zebrafish models and the potential of patient-derived xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Studying the Tumor Microenvironment in Zebrafish. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:69-92. [PMID: 34664234 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment significantly contributes to tumor initiation, progression, neo-angiogenesis, and metastasis, and a better understanding of the role of the different cellular players would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Towards this goal, intravital imaging is a powerful method to unravel interaction partners of tumor cells. Among vertebrate model organisms, zebrafish is uniquely suited for in vivo imaging studies. In recent years zebrafish has also become a valuable model in cancer research. In this chapter, we will summarize, how zebrafish has been used to characterize cells of the tumor microenvironment. We will cover both genetically engineered cancer models and xenograft models in zebrafish. The majority of work has been done on the role of innate immune cells and their role during tumor initiation and metastasis, but we will also cover studies focusing on adipocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Taken together, we will highlight the versatile use of the zebrafish model for in vivo tumor microenvironment studies.
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Interleukin-34 Enhances the Tumor Promoting Function of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123537. [PMID: 33260828 PMCID: PMC7761053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal compartment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is marked by the presence of large numbers of fibroblasts, termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promote CRC growth and progression through the synthesis of various molecules targeting the neoplastic cells. Interleukin (IL)-34, a cytokine over-produced by CRC cells, stimulates CRC cell growth. Since IL-34 also regulates the function of inflammatory fibroblasts, we hypothesized that it could regulate the tumor promoting function of colorectal CAFs. By immunostaining and real-time PCR, we initially showed that IL-34 was highly produced by CAFs and to lesser extent by normal fibroblasts isolated from non-tumoral colonic mucosa of CRC patients. CAFs and normal fibroblasts expressed the functional receptors of IL-34. IL-34 induced normal fibroblasts to express α-SMA, vimentin and fibroblast activation protein and enhanced fibroblast growth, thus generating a cellular phenotype resembling that of CAFs. Consistently, knockdown of IL-34 in CAFs with an antisense oligonucleotide (AS) decreased expression of such markers and inhibited cell proliferation. Co-culture of CRC cells with IL-34 AS-treated CAFs supernatants resulted in less cancer cell proliferation and migration. Among CAF-derived molecules known to promote CRC cell growth/migration, only netrin-1 and basic-fibroblast growth factor were induced by IL-34. Data suggest a role for IL-34 in the control of colorectal CAF function.
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Rapid In Vivo Validation of HDAC Inhibitor-Based Treatments in Neuroblastoma Zebrafish Xenografts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110345. [PMID: 33121173 PMCID: PMC7692187 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival rate among children with relapsed neuroblastomas continues to be poor, and thus new therapeutic approaches identified by reliable preclinical drug testing models are urgently needed. Zebrafish are a powerful vertebrate model in preclinical cancer research. Here, we describe a zebrafish neuroblastoma yolk sac model to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatments. Larvae were engrafted with fluorescently labeled, genetically diverse, established cell lines and short-term cultures of patient-derived primary cells. Engrafted tumors progressed locally and disseminated remotely in an intact environment. Combination treatments involving the standard chemotherapy doxorubicin and HDAC inhibitors substantially reduced tumor volume, induced tumor cell death, and inhibited tumor cell dissemination to the tail region. Hence, this model allows for fast, cost-efficient, and reliable in vivo evaluation of toxicity and response of the primary and metastatic tumor sites to drug combinations.
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Zanandrea R, Bonan CD, Campos MM. Zebrafish as a model for inflammation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2201-2211. [PMID: 33035664 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a small teleost (bony) fish used in many areas of pharmacology and toxicology. This animal model has advantages for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as the potential for real-time assessment of cell migration mechanisms. Additionally, zebrafish display a repertoire of inflammatory cells, mediators, and receptors that are similar to those in mammals, including humans. Inflammatory disease modeling in either larvae or adult zebrafish represents a promising tool for the screening of new anti-inflammatory compounds, contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the characterization of inflammatory responses in zebrafish, emphasizing its relevance for drug discovery in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Hurtado P, Martínez-Pena I, Piñeiro R. Dangerous Liaisons: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2861. [PMID: 33027902 PMCID: PMC7599894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key determinant of cancer metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the main cellular components of TME, promote cancer cell invasion and dissemination through mechanisms including cell-cell interactions and the paracrine secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. During metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from the primary tumor to the bloodstream, where they can be detected as single cells or clusters. The current knowledge about the biology of CTC clusters positions them as key actors in metastasis formation. It also indicates that CTCs do not act alone and that they may be aided by stromal and immune cells, which seem to shape their metastatic potential. Among these cells, CAFs are found associated with CTCs in heterotypic CTC clusters, and their presence seems to increase their metastatic efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role that CAFs play on metastasis and we discuss their implication on the biogenesis, metastasis-initiating capacity of CTC clusters, and clinical implications. Moreover, we speculate about possible therapeutic strategies aimed to limit the metastatic potential of CTC clusters involving the targeting of CAFs as well as their difficulties and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hurtado
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Inés Martínez-Pena
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.-P.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Visualization of human T lymphocyte-mediated eradication of cancer cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22910-22919. [PMID: 32859758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009092117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte-based immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy for both hematologic and solid malignancies. In a subpopulation of cancer patients, this powerful therapeutic modality converts malignancy to clinically manageable disease. However, the T cell- and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell-mediated antimetastatic activity, especially their impacts on microscopic metastatic lesions, has not yet been investigated. Here we report a living zebrafish model that allows us to visualize the metastatic cancer cell killing effect by tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CAR-T cells in vivo at the single-cell level. In a freshly isolated primary human melanoma, specific TILs effectively eliminated metastatic cancer cells in the living body. This potent metastasis-eradicating effect was validated using a human lymphoma model with CAR-T cells. Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts protected metastatic cancer cells from T cell-mediated killing. Our data provide an in vivo platform to validate antimetastatic effects by human T cell-mediated immunotherapy. This unique technology may serve as a precision medicine platform for assessing anticancer effects of cellular immunotherapy in vivo before administration to human cancer patients.
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TMBIM6/BI-1 contributes to cancer progression through assembly with mTORC2 and AKT activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4012. [PMID: 32782388 PMCID: PMC7419509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) 6, a Ca2+ channel-like protein, is highly up-regulated in several cancer types. Here, we show that TMBIM6 is closely associated with survival in patients with cervical, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. TMBIM6 deletion or knockdown suppresses primary tumor growth. Further, mTORC2 activation is up-regulated by TMBIM6 and stimulates glycolysis, protein synthesis, and the expression of lipid synthesis genes and glycosylated proteins. Moreover, ER-leaky Ca2+ from TMBIM6, a unique characteristic, is shown to affect mTORC2 assembly and its association with ribosomes. In addition, we identify that the BIA compound, a potentialTMBIM6 antagonist, prevents TMBIM6 binding to mTORC2, decreases mTORC2 activity, and also regulates TMBIM6-leaky Ca2+, further suppressing tumor formation and progression in cancer xenograft models. This previously unknown signaling cascade in which mTORC2 activity is enhanced via the interaction with TMBIM6 provides potential therapeutic targets for various malignancies. TMBIM6, a member of the transmembrane BI-1 motif-containing family of proteins, is overexpressed in many cancer types. Here, the authors show that TMBIM6 regulates AKT activation through mTORC2 assembly and ribosome association and identify an antagonist of TMBIM6 with anti-tumor properties.
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Baker SG. Rethinking carcinogenesis: The detached pericyte hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110056. [PMID: 32758893 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The limiting step in cancer prevention is a lack of understanding of cancer biology. This limitation is exacerbated by a focus on the dominant somatic mutation theory (that driver mutations cause cancer) with little consideration of alternative theories of carcinogenesis. The recently proposed detached pericyte hypothesis explains many puzzling phenomena in cancer biology for which the somatic mutation theory offers no obvious explanation. These puzzling phenomena include foreign-body tumorigenesis, the link between denervation and cancer, tumors in transgenic mice that lack the inducing mutation, and non-genotoxic carcinogens. The detached pericyte hypothesis postulates that (1) a carcinogen or chronic inflammation causes pericytes to detach from blood cell walls, (2) some detached pericytes develop into myofibroblasts which alter the extracellular matrix (3) some detached pericytes develop into mesenchymal stem cells, (4) some of the mesenchymal stem cells adhere to the altered extracellular matrix (5) the altered extracellular matrix disrupts regulatory controls, causing the adjacent mesenchymal stem cells to develop into tumors. Results from experimental studies support the detached pericyte hypothesis. If the detached pericyte hypothesis is correct, pericytes should play a key role in metastasis - a testable prediction. Recent experimental results confirm this prediction and motivate a proposed experiment to partially test the detached pericyte hypothesis. If the detached pericyte hypothesis is correct, it could lead to new strategies for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Baker
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, United States.
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Wen J, Yin P, Li L, Kang G, Ning G, Cao Y, Gao F, Su Y, Wu Y, Zhang X. Knockdown of Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 Inhibits Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4350783. [PMID: 32382550 PMCID: PMC7183015 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4350783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the basic steps of tumor invasion and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, a kind of zinc-ion-dependent endopeptidase, can degrade almost all protein components in the ECM, destroy the histological barrier of tumor cell invasion, and play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The role of MMP-9 in tumor invasion and metastasis has attracted increasing attention and is considered the main proteolytic enzyme in this process. Although the overexpression of MMP-9 was detected in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues, further basic studies in vivo and in vitro are needed to investigate the role of MMP-9 in OSCCs and provide scientific validation. In this research, we developed a novel OSCC zebrafish xenograft model to study the role of the MMP-9 gene in oral carcinogenesis. Firstly, the MMP-9/shRNA lentiviral clone and control virus were constructed and transfected into OSCC cells. Then, the decreasing expression of MMP-9 was verified by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Colony formation was evaluated by colony formation assay. Cell invasion was evaluated using transwell invasion assay in vitro. In addition, OSCC cells with MMP-9/shRNA knockdown and control vector were injected into zebrafish and an OSCC tumor model in zebrafish was established to evaluate invasion and metastasis in vivo. Knockdown of MMP-9 gene by shRNA could inhibit OSCC cell growth and clone formation and markedly suppress cell invasion in vitro. And the knockdown of the MMP-9 gene could also significantly decrease the metastatic distance and number of metastatic tumor cells or lesions in vivo and suppress the metastasis rate in xenografted zebrafish. Taken together, these evidences indicated that the knockdown of MMP-9 might suppress OSCC cell invasion and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. The MMP-9 gene may be a promising therapeutic target for OSCCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Wen
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Yin
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Su
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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44
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Kalla D, Kind A, Schnieke A. Genetically Engineered Pigs to Study Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E488. [PMID: 31940967 PMCID: PMC7013672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen groundbreaking advances in cancer research. Genetically engineered animal models, mainly in mice, have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer. However, mice are not ideal for translating basic research into studies closer to the clinic. There is a need for complementary information provided by non-rodent species. Pigs are well suited for translational biomedical research as they share many similarities with humans such as body and organ size, aspects of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and can provide valuable means of developing and testing novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Porcine oncology is a new field, but it is clear that replication of key oncogenic mutation in pigs can usefully mimic several human cancers. This review briefly outlines the technology used to generate genetically modified pigs, provides an overview of existing cancer models, their applications and how the field may develop in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.K.); (A.K.)
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45
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Fan JJ, Hsu WH, Lee KH, Chen KC, Lin CW, Lee YLA, Ko TP, Lee LT, Lee MT, Chang MS, Cheng CH. Dietary Flavonoids Luteolin and Quercetin Inhibit Migration and Invasion of Squamous Carcinoma through Reduction of Src/Stat3/S100A7 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110557. [PMID: 31731716 PMCID: PMC6912538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are well-known antioxidants and have shown the ability to prevent tumor formation and recurrence. Especially in dietary flavonoids, they have provided convenience and consistence of intake for long-term prevention of tumor formation. Previous reports suggested that S100 calcium-binding protein A7 (S100A7) might activate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling and promote the metastasis of tumor cells; however, the regulatory signaling was unclear. In this study, we found that S100A7 was highly expressed in cancer cells and could be reduced by luteolin (Lu) and quercetin (Qu) through Src/Stat3 signaling. We found that the protein levels of S100A7, phosphorylated Src (p-Src), and p-Stat3 were increased in A431-III cells. Flavonoids Lu and Qu reduce protein levels of p-Src, p-Stat3 and S100A7 in A431-III cells. Treatment of A431-III cells with Src inhibitor SU6656 and Stat3 inhibitor S3I-201 also reduced the protein levels of S100A7. Transactivation activity of 5′-upstream regions of S100A7 was activated by Stat3 but was reduced by treatment with Lu, Qu, SU6656 and S3I-201. The treatment also reduced the migratory and invasive abilities of A431-III cells. In a further analysis of EMT markers, the protein level of E-cad increased and that of Twist decreased after treatment with the inhibitors and flavonoids. Overexpression of S100A7 decreased the protein level of E-cad and increased the Twist level, whereas knockdown of S100A7 had the opposite effects. Treatment with S3I-201, Lu and Qu, compared to the control, were found to decrease metastasis of tumor cells in zebrafish larvae. These results suggest that Lu and Qu may inhibit Src/Stat3/S100A7 signaling to reduce tumorigenesis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Jia Fan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11034, Taiwan;
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11034, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11034, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11034, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11034, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Lin A Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC 27704, USA;
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (T.-P.K.); (M.-T.L.)
| | - Lang-Ta Lee
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ting Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (T.-P.K.); (M.-T.L.)
| | - Mau-Sun Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (M.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3156) (C.-H.C.); +886-2-33669837 (M.-S.C.)
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11034, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (M.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3156) (C.-H.C.); +886-2-33669837 (M.-S.C.)
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46
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Hou L, Chen D, Hao L, Tian C, Yan Y, Zhu L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Transformable nanoparticles triggered by cancer-associated fibroblasts for improving drug permeability and efficacy in desmoplastic tumors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20030-20044. [PMID: 31612175 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important barriers for nanoparticles (NPs) to deeply penetrate into tumors and severely limit the antitumor efficacy of nanomedicines. Herein, we proposed a CAF-triggered transformable drug delivery system based on a cleavable peptide responsive to fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) specifically overexpressed on the surface of CAFs. The NPs were composed of cationic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers cross-linked by our designed peptide, a chemotherapeutical drug was incorporated onto PAMAM using disulfide bonds and finally, hyaluronic acid (HA) was conjugated to improve the tumor targetability as well as biocompatibility through electrostatic interactions. These NPs had an initial size of ∼200 nm and negative zeta potential favorable for stable blood circulation; however, after docking with CAFs, they dissociated into smaller NPs and exposed the relative positive surface charge to facilitate penetration and enter the tumor cells together with CAFs. An interesting finding was that this system intracellularly released different levels of drugs in these two kinds of cells, which was beneficial for the disruption of the stromal barrier and increasing the local drug accumulation. Our investigation confirmed that the constructed system could alleviate the biological barriers and hold promising therapeutic efficiency for desmoplastic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China and Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Lisha Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Chunyu Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Yingshan Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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47
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Sun DY, Wu JQ, He ZH, He MF, Sun HB. Cancer-associated fibroblast regulate proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells through TGF-β signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019; 235:116791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Zhang YF, Zhou YZ, Zhang B, Huang SF, Li PP, He XM, Cao GD, Kang MX, Dong X, Wu YL. Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes promoted pancreatic stellate cells recruitment by pancreatic cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:4397-4407. [PMID: 31413760 PMCID: PMC6691697 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, have been identified in the blood circulation of patients with cancer metastasis, and metastatic cancer cells can recruit circulating CAFs. However, primary carcinoma sites usually regulate the behavior of metastatic cancer cells through exosomes. Here, we hypothesized that cancer-derived exosomes could enhance CAF recruitment. Exosomes secreted by pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2) were isolated and characterized. The ability of pancreatic cancer to recruit pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) was assessed with Transwell assays in vitro and bioluminescent imaging in a mouse model in vivo, and the underlying molecular mechanism was also investigated. The results showed that pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes (Exo-Pan and Exo-Mia) promoted the pancreatic cancer recruitment of PSCs. This effect was mediated partially by the transfer of the exosomal protein Lin28B to the recipient cells to activate the Lin28B/let-7/HMGA2/PDGFB signaling pathway. These results suggested that exosomes derived from local cancer could promote the formation of distant metastases through transferring the exosomal protein Lin28B to the metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Fei Huang
- Department of Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Ping Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Man He
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Cao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Xing Kang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Abstract
Development of novel and effective therapeutics for treating various cancers is probably the most congested and challenging enterprise of pharmaceutical companies. Diverse drugs targeting malignant and nonmalignant cells receive clinical approval each year from the FDA. Targeting cancer cells and nonmalignant cells unavoidably changes the tumor microenvironment, and cellular and molecular components relentlessly alter in response to drugs. Cancer cells often reprogram their metabolic pathways to adapt to environmental challenges and facilitate survival, proliferation, and metastasis. While cancer cells' dependence on glycolysis for energy production is well studied, the roles of adipocytes and lipid metabolic reprogramming in supporting cancer growth, metastasis, and drug responses are less understood. This Review focuses on emerging mechanisms involving adipocytes and lipid metabolism in altering the response to cancer treatment. In particular, we discuss mechanisms underlying cancer-associated adipocytes and lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer drug resistance.
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50
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Bacci M, Ippolito L, Magnelli L, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Stromal-induced mitochondrial re-education: Impact on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer aggressiveness. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:71-79. [PMID: 31108187 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming as well as the flexible utilisation of fuel sources by tumour cells has been considered not only intrinsic to malignant cells but also sustained by resident and/or recruited stromal cells. The complexity of tumour-stroma cross-talk is experienced by neoplastic cells through profound changes in the own metabolic machinery. In such context, mitochondria are dynamic organelles that receive, orchestrate and exchange a multiplicity of stromal cues within the tumour cells to finely regulate key metabolic and signalling pathways, allowing malignant cells to adapt and thrive in an ever-changing environment. In this review, we focus on how tumour mitochondria are coached by stromal metabolic supply and how this re-education sustains tumour malignant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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