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Diaz-Perez JA, Kerr DA. Gene of the month: DDIT3. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:211-216. [PMID: 38053287 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) gene, mapped to the human chromosome 12q13.3, encodes a protein that belongs to the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family of transcription factors. DDIT3 is involved in the proliferative control that responds to endoplasmic reticulum stress in normal conditions, dimerising other transcription factors with basic leucine zipper (bZIP) structural motifs. DDIT3 plays a significant role during cell differentiation, especially adipogenesis, arresting the maturation of adipoblasts. In disease, FUS/EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion is the pathogenic event that drives the development of myxoid liposarcoma. The amplification of DDIT3 in other adipocytic neoplasms mediates the presence of adipoblast-like elements. Another fusion, GLI1::DDIT3, has rarely been documented in other tumours. This paper reviews the structure and function of DDIT3, its role in disease-particularly cancer-and its use and pitfalls in diagnostic testing, including immunohistochemistry as a tissue-based marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Lesovaya EA, Fetisov TI, Bokhyan BY, Maksimova VP, Kulikov EP, Belitsky GA, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG. Genetic, Epigenetic and Transcriptome Alterations in Liposarcoma for Target Therapy Selection. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38254762 PMCID: PMC10813500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), characterized by a high diversity of histopathological features as well as to a lesser extent by a spectrum of molecular abnormalities. Current targeted therapies for STS do not include a wide range of drugs and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease in all subtypes, while many LPS patients initially present with or ultimately progress to advanced disease that is either unresectable, metastatic or both. The understanding of the molecular characteristics of liposarcoma subtypes is becoming an important option for the detection of new potential targets and development novel, biology-driven therapies for this disease. Innovative therapies have been introduced and they are currently part of preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we provide an analysis of the molecular genetics of liposarcoma followed by a discussion of the specific epigenetic changes in these malignancies. Then, we summarize the peculiarities of the key signaling cascades involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and possible novel therapeutic approaches based on a better understanding of subtype-specific disease biology. Although heterogeneity in liposarcoma genetics and phenotype as well as the associated development of resistance to therapy make difficult the introduction of novel therapeutic targets into the clinic, recently a number of targeted therapy drugs were proposed for LPS treatment. The most promising results were shown for CDK4/6 and MDM2 inhibitors as well as for the multi-kinase inhibitors anlotinib and sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol’tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia;
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Timur I. Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Beniamin Yu. Bokhyan
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Varvara P. Maksimova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Evgeny P. Kulikov
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol’tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia;
| | - Gennady A. Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
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Toivanen K, Kilpinen S, Ojala K, Merikoski N, Salmikangas S, Sampo M, Böhling T, Sihto H. PDE3A Is a Highly Expressed Therapy Target in Myxoid Liposarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5308. [PMID: 38001568 PMCID: PMC10669966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas (LPSs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from adipose tissue. Although LPSs are among the most common soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes, precision medicine treatments are not currently available. To discover LPS-subtype-specific therapy targets, we investigated RNA sequenced transcriptomes of 131 clinical LPS tissue samples and compared the data with a transcriptome database that contained 20,218 samples from 95 healthy tissues and 106 cancerous tissue types. The identified genes were referred to the NCATS BioPlanet library with Enrichr to analyze upregulated signaling pathways. PDE3A protein expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry in 181 LPS samples, and PDE3A and SLFN12 mRNA expression with RT-qPCR were investigated in 63 LPS samples. Immunoblotting and cell viability assays were used to study LPS cell lines and their sensitivity to PDE3A modulators. We identified 97, 247, and 37 subtype-specific, highly expressed genes in dedifferentiated, myxoid, and pleomorphic LPS subtypes, respectively. Signaling pathway analysis revealed a highly activated hedgehog signaling pathway in dedifferentiated LPS, phospholipase c mediated cascade and insulin signaling in myxoid LPS, and pathways associated with cell proliferation in pleomorphic LPS. We discovered a strong association between high PDE3A expression and myxoid LPS, particularly in high-grade tumors. Moreover, myxoid LPS samples showed elevated expression levels of SLFN12 mRNA. In addition, PDE3A- and SLFN12-coexpressing LPS cell lines SA4 and GOT3 were sensitive to PDE3A modulators. Our results indicate that PDE3A modulators are promising drugs to treat myxoid LPS. Further studies are required to develop these drugs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Toivanen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (S.S.); (T.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Sami Kilpinen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Kalle Ojala
- HUS Vatsakeskus, Helsinki University Hospital, PL 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Nanna Merikoski
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (S.S.); (T.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Sami Salmikangas
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (S.S.); (T.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Mika Sampo
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Tom Böhling
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (S.S.); (T.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Harri Sihto
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (N.M.); (S.S.); (T.B.); (H.S.)
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Dermawan JK, Rubin BP. The spectrum and significance of secondary (co-occurring) genetic alterations in sarcomas: the hallmarks of sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2023; 260:637-648. [PMID: 37345731 DOI: 10.1002/path.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue tumors are generally classified into complex karyotype sarcomas versus those with recurrent genetic alterations, often in the form of gene fusions. In this review, we provide an overview of important co-occurring genomic alterations, organized by biological mechanisms and covering a spectrum of genomic alteration types: mutations (single-nucleotide variations or indels) in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, copy number alterations, transcriptomic signatures, genomic complexity indices (e.g. CINSARC), and complex genomic structural variants. We discuss the biological and prognostic roles of these so-called secondary or co-occurring alterations, arguing that recognition and detection of these alterations may be significant for our understanding and management of mesenchymal tumors. On a related note, we also discuss major recurrent alterations in so-called complex karyotype sarcomas. These secondary alterations are essential to sarcomagenesis via a variety of mechanisms, such as inactivation of tumor suppressors, activation of proliferative signal transduction, telomere maintenance, and aberrant regulation of epigenomic/chromatin remodeling players. The use of comprehensive genomic profiling, including targeted next-generation sequencing panels or whole-exome sequencing, may be incorporated into clinical workflows to offer more comprehensive, potentially clinically actionable information. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kong Y, Jiang C, Wei G, Sun K, Wang R, Qiu T. Small Molecule Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents Targeting Oncogenic Fusion Proteins: Current Status and Clinical. Molecules 2023; 28:4672. [PMID: 37375228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic fusion proteins, arising from chromosomal rearrangements, have emerged as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis and crucial therapeutic targets in cancer research. In recent years, the potential of small molecular inhibitors in selectively targeting fusion proteins has exhibited significant prospects, offering a novel approach to combat malignancies harboring these aberrant molecular entities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of small molecular inhibitors as therapeutic agents for oncogenic fusion proteins. We discuss the rationale for targeting fusion proteins, elucidate the mechanism of action of inhibitors, assess the challenges associated with their utilization, and provide a summary of the clinical progress achieved thus far. The objective is to provide the medicinal community with current and pertinent information and to expedite the drug discovery programs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guifeng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Zhang L, Zhan Y, Li L, Deng H, Wang J, Zhu Z, Zhang X. CircOMA1 promotes tumour growth and metastasis of bladder cancer by modulating IGF-IR/MAPK/EMT pathway. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e983. [PMID: 35988263 PMCID: PMC9393076 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Longqing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jiange Wang
- Department of Urology, Suizhou Central Hospital, Suizhou, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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Noguchi R, Yoshimatsu Y, Sin Y, Tsuchiya R, Ono T, Akiyama T, Hirabayashi K, Ozawa I, Nakagawa R, Kikuta K, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of two novel patient-derived myxoid liposarcoma cell lines. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1279-1289. [PMID: 35637403 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is a lipogenic sarcoma, characterized by myxoid appearance histology and the presence of the FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene. MLPS shows frequent recurrence and poor prognosis after standard treatments, such as surgery. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches for MLPS are needed. Development of novel treatments requires patient-derived cell lines to study the drug responses and their molecular backgrounds. Presently, only three cell lines of MLPS have been reported, and no line is available from public cell banks. Thus, this study aimed to establish and characterize novel MLPS cell lines. Using surgically resected tumor tissue from two patients with MLPS, two novel lines NCC-MLPS2-C1 and NCC-MLPS3-C1 were established. The presence of FUS-DDIT3 fusion, slow growth, spheroid formation, and invasive capability in these cell lines was confirmed. Growth retardation was monitored for 213 anti-cancer agents using NCC-MLPS2-C1 and NCC-MLPS3-C1 cells, and the results were integrated with the response to treatments in an MLPS cell line, NCC-MLPS1-C1, which was previously established in our laboratory. We found that romidepsin suppressed cell proliferation at considerably low concentrations in all three examined cell lines. NCC-MLPS2-C1 and NCC-MLPS3-C1 cell lines developed here represent a useful tool for basic and preclinical studies of MLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yooksil Sin
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuya Ono
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taro Akiyama
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hirabayashi
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Iwao Ozawa
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Rumi Nakagawa
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Fusion protein-driven IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signals deregulate Hippo pathway promoting oncogenic cooperation of YAP1 and FUS-DDIT3 in myxoid liposarcoma. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:20. [PMID: 35459264 PMCID: PMC9033823 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) represents a common subtype of liposarcoma molecularly characterized by a recurrent chromosomal translocation that generates a chimeric FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene. The FUS-DDIT3 oncoprotein has been shown to be crucial in MLS pathogenesis. Acting as a transcriptional dysregulator, FUS-DDIT3 stimulates proliferation and interferes with adipogenic differentiation. As the fusion protein represents a therapeutically challenging target, a profound understanding of MLS biology is elementary to uncover FUS-DDIT3-dependent molecular vulnerabilities. Recently, a specific reliance on the Hippo pathway effector and transcriptional co-regulator YAP1 was detected in MLS; however, details on the molecular mechanism of FUS-DDIT3-dependent YAP1 activation, and YAP1´s precise mode of action remain unclear. In elaborate in vitro studies, employing RNA interference-based approaches, small-molecule inhibitors, and stimulation experiments with IGF-II, we show that FUS-DDIT3-driven IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signaling promotes stability and nuclear accumulation of YAP1 via deregulation of the Hippo pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed nuclear co-localization of FUS-DDIT3 and YAP1/TEAD in FUS-DDIT3-expressing mesenchymal stem cells and MLS cell lines. Transcriptome sequencing of MLS cells demonstrated that FUS-DDIT3 and YAP1 co-regulate oncogenic gene signatures related to proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. In adipogenic differentiation assays, we show that YAP1 critically contributes to FUS-DDIT3-mediated adipogenic differentiation arrest. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insights into a complex FUS-DDIT3-driven network involving IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signals acting on Hippo/YAP1, and uncovers substantial cooperative effects of YAP1 and FUS-DDIT3 in the pathogenesis of MLS.
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Different HSP90 Inhibitors Exert Divergent Effect on Myxoid Liposarcoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030624. [PMID: 35327426 PMCID: PMC8945459 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic options for patients with relapsed or metastatic myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) remain scarce and there is currently no targeted therapy available. Inhibition of the HSP90 family of chaperones has been suggested as a possible therapeutic option for patients with MLS. However, the clinical effect of different HSP90 inhibitors vary considerably and no comparative study in MLS has been performed. Here, we evaluated the effects of the HSP90 inhibitors 17-DMAG, AUY922 and STA-9090 on MLS cell lines and in an MLS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Albeit all drugs inhibited in vitro growth of MLS cell lines, the in vivo responses were discrepant. Whereas 17-DMAG inhibited tumor growth, AUY922 surprisingly led to increased tumor growth and a more aggressive morphological phenotype. In vitro, 17-DMAG and STA-9090 reduced the activity of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, whereas AUY922 led to a compensatory upregulation of downstream ERK. Furthermore, all three tested HSP90 inhibitors displayed a synergistic combination effect with trabectidin, but not with doxorubicin. In conclusion, our results indicate that different HSP90 inhibitors, albeit having the same target, can vary significantly in downstream effects and treatment outcomes. These results should be considered before proceeding into clinical trials against MLS or other malignancies.
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Liu J, Dong X, Liu Y, Wang K, Lei S, Yang M, Yue H, Feng H, Feng K, Li K, Zhou J, Chen Y, Du W, Kang X, Xia Y. The Identified Hub Gene GlcN in Osteoarthritis Progression and Treatment. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5499450. [PMID: 34754325 PMCID: PMC8572607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5499450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a chronic disease, osteoarthritis has caused great trouble to the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Studies have shown that glucosamine (GlcN) can be used to abate the progression and improve this disease. Based on this point of view, we try to verify the connection between GlcN and osteoarthritis and find more effective biomarkers. METHODS We downloaded the GSE72575 data set from the GEO database, and used the R language to perform DEG analysis on the gene expression profile of the samples. Next, the GO function and the KEGG signaling pathways were analyzed through the DAVID database, and then, the KEGG pathways enriched in the gene set were analyzed based on GSEA. Then, the PPI network of DEGs was constructed based on the STRING online database, and finally, the hub genes were selected by Cytoscape. RESULTS Three GlcN-treated MH7A cell treatment groups and 3 control groups in the GSE72575 data set were studied. Through analysis, there were 52 DEGs in these samples. Then, through GO, KEGG, and GSEA, regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and ECM receptor interaction were involved in the regulatory mechanisms of the osteoarthritis pathogenesis. After that, the hub genes IL6 and DDIT3 were identified through PPI network construction and analysis. And it was found that IL6 was lowly expressed in the group with GlcN-treated MH7A cells, while DDIT3 was highly expressed. CONCLUSION The above results provide a basis for GlcN to participate in the treatment of osteoarthritis and a possibility for finding effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Liu
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Physiology, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730030, China
| | - Yining Liu
- T.C Jasper School, Plano Independent School District, 6800 Archgate Dr. Plano, TX 75024, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Shuanhu Lei
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Mingxuan Yang
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Haiyuan Yue
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Haijun Feng
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Kai Feng
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Kang Li
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Yanqiang Chen
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Wenjia Du
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- The Fourth Ward of Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
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Tang F, Tie Y, Wei YQ, Tu CQ, Wei XW. Targeted and immuno-based therapies in sarcoma: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188606. [PMID: 34371128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a distinct group of rare malignant tumors with high heterogeneity. Limited options with clinical efficacy for the metastatic or local advanced sarcoma existed despite standard therapy. Recently, targeted therapy according to the molecular and genetic phenotype of individual sarcoma is a promising option. Among these drugs, anti-angiogenesis therapy achieved favorable efficacy in sarcomas. Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, mTOR, NTRK, metabolisms, and epigenetic drugs are under clinical evaluation for sarcomas bearing the corresponding signals. Immunotherapy represents a promising and favorable method in advanced solid tumors. However, most sarcomas are immune "cold" tumors, with only alveolar soft part sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cellular therapies with TCR-engineered T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and nature killer cells transfer show therapeutic potential. Identifying tumor-specific antigens and exploring immune modulation factors arguing the efficacy of these immunotherapies are the current challenges. This review focuses on the mechanisms, advances, and potential strategies of targeted and immune-based therapies in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong-Qi Tu
- Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia-Wei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Al-Ibraheemi A, Putra J, Tsai HK, Cano S, Lip V, Pinches RS, Restrepo T, Alexandrescu S, Janeway KA, Duraisamy S, Harris MH, Church AJ. Assessment of BCOR Internal Tandem Duplications in Pediatric Cancers by Targeted RNA Sequencing. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1269-1278. [PMID: 34325058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the BCOR gene, including internal tandem duplications (ITDs) of exon 15 have emerged as important oncogenic changes that define several diagnostic entities. In pediatric cancers, BCOR ITDs have recurrently been described in clear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK), primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI), and central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR ITD in exon 15 (HGNET-BCOR ITDex15). In adults, BCOR ITDs are also reported in endometrial and other sarcomas. The utility of multiplex targeted RNA sequencing for the identification of BCOR ITD in pediatric cancers was investigated. All available archival cases of CCSK, PMMTI, and HGNET-BCOR ITDex15 were collected. Each case underwent anchored multiplex PCR library preparation with a custom-designed panel, with BCOR targeted for both fusions and ITDs. BCOR ITD was detected in all cases across three histologic subtypes using the RNA panel, with no other fusions identified in any of the cases. All BCOR ITDs occurred in the final exon, within 16 codons from the stop sequence. Multiplex targeted RNA sequencing from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is successful at identifying BCOR internal tandem duplications. This analysis supports the use of anchored multiplex PCR targeted RNA next-generation sequencing panels for identification of BCOR ITDs in pediatric tumors. The use of post-analytic algorithms to improve the detection of BCOR ITD using DNA panels was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan Putra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harrison K Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha Cano
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Va Lip
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Seth Pinches
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tamara Restrepo
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sekhar Duraisamy
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marian H Harris
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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13
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Preis E, Schulze J, Gutberlet B, Pinnapireddy SR, Jedelská J, Bakowsky U. The chorioallantoic membrane as a bio-barrier model for the evaluation of nanoscale drug delivery systems for tumour therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:317-336. [PMID: 33905805 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, the European Parliament and the European Union adopted a directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The directive aims to protect animals in scientific research, with the final goal of complete replacement of procedures on live animals for scientific and educational purposes as soon as it is scientifically viable. Furthermore, the directive announces the implementation of the 3Rs principle: "When choosing methods, the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement should be implemented through a strict hierarchy of the requirement to use alternative methods." The visibility, accessibility, and the rapid growth of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) offers a clear advantage for various manipulations and for the simulation of different Bio-Barriers according to the 3R principle. The extensive vascularisation on the CAM provides an excellent substrate for the cultivation of tumour cells or tumour xenografts which could be used for the therapeutic evaluation of nanoscale drug delivery systems. The tumour can be targeted either by topical application, intratumoural injection or i.v. injection. Different application sites and biological barriers can be examined within a single model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Gutberlet
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelská
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Core Facility for Small Animal MRI, Hans-Meerwein Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Toward a Personalized Therapy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102359. [PMID: 34068344 PMCID: PMC8153286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare tumors characterized by pathogenetic, morphological, and clinical intrinsic variability. Median survival of patients with advanced tumors are usually chemo- and radio-resistant, and standard treatments yield low response rates and poor survival results. The identification of defined genomic alterations in sarcoma could represent the premise for targeted treatments. Summarizing, soft-tissue sarcomas can be differentiated into histotypes with reciprocal chromosomal translocations, with defined oncogenic mutations and complex karyotypes. If the latter are improbably approached with targeted treatments, many suggest that innovative therapies interfering with the identified fusion oncoproteins and altered pathways could be potentially resolutive. In most cases, the characteristic genetic signature is discouragingly defined as "undruggable", which poses a challenge for the development of novel pharmacological approaches. In this review, a summary of genomic alterations recognized in most common soft-tissue sarcoma is reported together with current and future therapeutic opportunities.
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15
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Abd Raboh NM, Hakim SA, Abd El Atti RM. Implications of androgen receptor and FUS expression on tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:325-337. [PMID: 33354760 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) interact with many pathways involved in bladder cancer development and progression. FUS (fused in liposarcoma), a multifunctional protein essential for different cellular processes, has been demonstrated as a key link between androgen receptor signaling and cell-cycle progression in prostate cancer but has not been examined in urothelial carcinoma (UC) despite an intimate association between prostate and bladder carcinogenesis. AIM To examine the immunohistochemical expression of AR and FUS in urothelial carcinoma in relation to prognostic parameters and to extrapolate any possible link between the expression of both markers and tumor progression. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study using immunohistochemical staining for AR and FUS on (88) cases of urothelial carcinoma. RESULTS AR shows statistically significant relations with late tumor stage, high tumor grade, and non-papillary tumor pattern. On the other hand, FUS expression correlates with early tumor stage, low tumor grade and papillary pattern. An inverse relation is found between AR and FUS expression (p=0.001). Cases with high AR IHC expression show statistically significant shorter OS, RFS and PFS compared to cases with low AR expression. Cases with high FUS IHC expression reveal statistically significant longer OS, RFS and PFS compared to cases with low FUS expression. CONCLUSION FUS expression is associated with favorable prognostic parameters of UC. A possible interaction is suggested between FUS and AR pathways involved in urothelial cancer progression. Manipulating FUS levels and androgen deprivation therapy can provide new promising targets for treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Adel Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Gamboa AC, Gronchi A, Cardona K. Soft-tissue sarcoma in adults: An update on the current state of histiotype-specific management in an era of personalized medicine. CA Cancer J Clin 2020; 70:200-229. [PMID: 32275330 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumors that account for 1% of all adult malignancies, with over 100 different histologic subtypes occurring predominately in the trunk, extremity, and retroperitoneum. This low incidence is further complicated by their variable presentation, behavior, and long-term outcomes, which emphasize the importance of centralized care in specialized centers with a multidisciplinary team approach. In the last decade, there has been an effort to improve the quality of care for patients with STS based on anatomic site and histology, and multiple ongoing clinical trials are focusing on tailoring therapy to histologic subtype. This report summarizes the latest evidence guiding the histiotype-specific management of extremity/truncal and retroperitoneal STS with regard to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Gamboa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth Cardona
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Abstract
Fused in sarcoma: DNA damage‐inducible transcript 3 protein (FUS:DDIT3) is a chimeric fusion oncoprotein present in 90% of human myxoid liposarcomas (MLS). The study by Trautmann et al in this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine utilizes a drop‐out RNAi screen to establish hyperactive Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1), a major downstream nuclear effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, as a selectively essential transcript promoting viability and growth of MLS. These observations add to a growing body of evidence underscoring the importance of dysregulation of Hippo signaling in soft‐tissue sarcomas expressing fusion oncoproteins and identify a novel target for therapeutic intervention in MLS. Comprehensive molecular characterization pipelines are needed to screen patients with advanced soft‐tissue sarcomas for the presence of druggable alterations, including but not limited to nuclear YAP1 expression in MLS, to facilitate treatment decisions and advance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Regina
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Fiala EM, Ortiz MV, Kennedy JA, Glodzik D, Fleischut MH, Duffy KA, Hathaway ER, Heaton T, Gerstle JT, Steinherz P, Shukla N, McNeer N, Tkachuk K, Bouvier N, Cadoo K, Carlo MI, Latham A, Dubard Gault M, Joseph V, Kemel Y, Kentsis A, Stadler Z, La Quaglia M, Papaemmanuil E, Friedman D, Ganguly A, Kung A, Offit K, Kalish JM, Walsh MF. 11p15.5 epimutations in children with Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma detected in peripheral blood. Cancer 2020; 126:3114-3121. [PMID: 32320050 PMCID: PMC7383476 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Constitutional or somatic mosaic epimutations are increasingly recognized as a mechanism of gene dysregulation resulting in cancer susceptibility. Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is the cancer predisposition syndrome most commonly associated with epimutation and is extremely variable in its phenotypic presentation, which can include isolated tumors. Because to the authors' knowledge large‐scale germline DNA sequencing studies have not included methylation analysis, the percentage of pediatric cancer predisposition that is due to epimutations is unknown. Methods Germline methylation testing at the 11p15.5 locus was performed in blood for 24 consecutive patients presenting with hepatoblastoma (3 patients) or Wilms tumor (21 patients). Results Six individuals with Wilms tumor and 1 patient with hepatoblastoma were found to have low‐level gain of methylation at imprinting control 1, and a child with hepatoblastoma was found to have loss of methylation at imprinting control 2. The loss of methylation at imprinting control 2 was found to be maternally inherited, despite not being associated with any detectable genomic alteration. Conclusions Overall, 33% of patients (8 of 24 patients) with Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma were found to have an epigenetic susceptibility that was detectable in the blood. It is interesting to note that low‐level gain of methylation at imprinting control 1 predominantly was detected in females with bilateral Wilms tumors. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to determine the efficacy of testing all patients with Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma for 11p15.5 epimutations in the blood as part of DNA analysis because this hallmark of predisposition will not be detected by sequencing‐based approaches and detecting a cancer predisposition may modify treatment. In the current study, all patients presenting with Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma undergo 11p15.5 methylation analysis. Approximately one‐third are found to have an epimutation at this locus that is detectable in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Fiala
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer A Kennedy
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dominik Glodzik
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan Harlan Fleischut
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelly A Duffy
- Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan R Hathaway
- Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin T Gerstle
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Steinherz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nicole McNeer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kaitlyn Tkachuk
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Bouvier
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria I Carlo
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alicia Latham
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Division of Long Term Follow-Up, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marianne Dubard Gault
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zsofia Stadler
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael La Quaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Division of Long Term Follow-Up, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael F Walsh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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20
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Current Approaches for Personalized Therapy of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Sarcoma 2020; 2020:6716742. [PMID: 32317857 PMCID: PMC7152984 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6716742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a highly heterogeneous group of cancers of mesenchymal origin with diverse morphologies and clinical behaviors. While surgical resection is the standard treatment for primary STS, advanced and metastatic STS patients are not eligible for surgery. Systemic treatments, including standard chemotherapy and newer chemical agents, still play the most relevant role in the management of the disease. Discovery of specific genetic alterations in distinct STS subtypes allowed better understanding of mechanisms driving their pathogenesis and treatment optimization. This review focuses on the available targeted drugs or drug combinations based on genetic aberration involved in STS development including chromosomal translocations, oncogenic mutations, gene amplifications, and their perspectives in STS treatment. Furthermore, in this review, we discuss the possible use of chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assays (CSRA) for the adjustment of treatment for individual patients. In summary, current trends in personalized management of advanced and metastatic STS are based on combination of both genetic testing and CSRA.
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21
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Yang L, Chen S, Luo P, Yan W, Wang C. Liposarcoma: Advances in Cellular and Molecular Genetics Alterations and Corresponding Clinical Treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:100-107. [PMID: 31892977 PMCID: PMC6930414 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin with significant tissue diversity. It is composed of adipocytes with different degrees of differentiation and different degrees of heteromorphosis. It is not sensitive to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. In recent years, with the rapid development of basic immunology, molecular genetics and tumor molecular biology, the histological classification of liposarcoma has become increasingly clear. More and more new methods and technologies, such as gene expression profile analysis, the whole genome sequencing, miRNA expression profile analysis and RNA sequencing, have been successfully applied to liposarcoma, bringing about a deeper understanding of gene expression changes and molecular pathogenic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of liposarcoma. This study reviews the present research status and progress of cellular and molecular alterations of liposarcoma and corresponding clinical treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Yang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Prevalence of the Hippo Effectors YAP1/TAZ in Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19704. [PMID: 31873172 PMCID: PMC6928161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of soft tissue and bone represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasias characterized by a wide variety of genetic aberrations. Albeit knowledge on tumorigenesis in mesenchymal tumors is continuously increasing, specific insights on altered signaling pathways as a basis for molecularly targeted therapeutic strategies are still sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of YAP1/TAZ-mediated signals in tumors of soft tissue and bone. Expression levels of YAP1 and TAZ were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of 486 tumor specimens, comprising angiosarcomas (AS), Ewing sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), solitary fibrous tumors, synovial sarcomas (SySa), well-differentiated/dedifferentiated/pleomorphic and myxoid liposarcomas (MLS). Moderate to strong nuclear staining of YAP1 and TAZ was detected in 53% and 33%, respectively. YAP1 nuclear expression was most prevalent in MPNST, SySa and MLS, whereas nuclear TAZ was predominately detected in AS, MLS and MPNST. In a set of sarcoma cell lines, immunoblotting confirmed nuclear localization of YAP1 and TAZ, corresponding to their transcriptionally active pool. Suppression of YAP1/TAZ-TEAD mediated transcriptional activity significantly impaired sarcoma cell viability in vitro and in vivo. Our findings identify nuclear YAP1 and TAZ positivity as a common feature in subsets of sarcomas of soft tissue and bone and provide evidence of YAP1/TAZ-TEAD signaling as a specific liability to be considered as a new target for therapeutic intervention. Nuclear YAP1/TAZ expression may represent a biomarker suited to identify patients that could benefit from YAP1/TAZ-TEAD directed therapeutic approaches within future clinical trials.
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23
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Steinestel K, Trautmann M, Jansen EP, Dirksen U, Rehkämper J, Mikesch JH, Gerke JS, Orth MF, Sannino G, Arteaga MF, Rossig C, Wardelmann E, Grünewald TGP, Hartmann W. Focal adhesion kinase confers pro-migratory and antiapoptotic properties and is a potential therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:248-260. [PMID: 31811703 PMCID: PMC6998388 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenesis of Ewing sarcoma (EwS), the second most common malignant bone tumor of childhood and adolescence, is dependent on the expression of chimeric EWSR1‐ETS fusion oncogenes, most often EWSR1‐FLI1 (E/F). E/F expression leads to dysregulation of focal adhesions (FAs) enhancing the migratory capacity of EwS cells. Here, we show that, in EwS cell lines and tissue samples, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is expressed and phosphorylated at Y397 in an E/F‐dependent way involving Ezrin. Employing different EwS cell lines as in vitro models, we found that key malignant properties of E/F are mediated via substrate‐independent autophosphorylation of FAK on Y397. This phosphorylation results in enhanced FA formation, Rho‐dependent cell migration, and impaired caspase‐3‐mediated apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, treatment with the FAK inhibitor 15 (1,2,4,5‐benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride (Y15) enhanced caspase‐mediated apoptosis and EwS cell migration, independent from the respective EWSR1‐ETS fusion type, mimicking an anoikis‐like phenotype and paralleling the effects of FAK siRNA knockdown. Our findings were confirmed in vivo using an avian chorioallantoic membrane model and provide a first rationale for the therapeutic use of FAK inhibitors to impair metastatic dissemination of EwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Esther-Pia Jansen
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rehkämper
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Julia S Gerke
- Max Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Martin F Orth
- Max Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Sannino
- Max Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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24
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Hafner S, Raabe M, Wu Y, Wang T, Zuo Z, Rasche V, Syrovets T, Weil T, Simmet T. High‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Efficient Delivery of an Albumin Nanotheranostic in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Xenografts. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical PharmacologyUlm University Helmholtzstr. 20 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max‐Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max‐Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zuo
- Internal Medicine II, Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical FacultyUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 23 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Internal Medicine II, Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical FacultyUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 23 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical PharmacologyUlm University Helmholtzstr. 20 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max‐Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical PharmacologyUlm University Helmholtzstr. 20 89081 Ulm Germany
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25
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Andersson MK, Åman P, Stenman G. IGF2/IGF1R Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in MYB-Positive Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas and Other Fusion Gene-Driven Tumors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080913. [PMID: 31426421 PMCID: PMC6721700 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements resulting in pathogenetically important gene fusions are a common feature of many cancers. They are often potent oncogenic drivers and have key functions in central cellular processes and pathways and encode transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, growth factor receptors, tyrosine kinases, and chromatin modifiers. In addition to being useful diagnostic biomarkers, they are also targets for development of new molecularly targeted therapies. Studies in recent decades have shown that several oncogenic gene fusions interact with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. For example, the MYB-NFIB fusion in adenoid cystic carcinoma is regulated by IGF1R through an autocrine loop, and IGF1R is a downstream target of the EWSR1-WT1 and PAX3-FKHR fusions in desmoplastic small round cell tumors and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms behind the interactions between oncogenic gene fusions and the IGF signaling pathway. We will also discuss the role of therapeutic inhibition of IGF1R in fusion gene driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Peck T, Gervasio KA, Zhang PJL, Shields CL, Lally SE, Eagle RC, Milman T. Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma with Myxoid Stroma in a Hereditary Retinoblastoma Survivor. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019; 6:79-86. [PMID: 32258014 DOI: 10.1159/000501523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDL) is an indolent, locally aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm, most often confined to the lower extremities and retroperitoneum and rarely identified in the orbit. Diagnosis of ALT/WDL can be challenging due to its frequent morphologic overlap with benign adipose lesions and other more aggressive liposarcoma subtypes, including myxoid liposarcoma. We describe a 26-year-old female with a history of hereditary retinoblastoma and external-beam radiotherapy to the orbit, who developed orbital liposarcoma. Although initial morphologic assessment raised the consideration of myxoid liposarcoma, subsequent fluorescein in situ hybridization studies demonstrated MDM2 and DDIT3 coamplification without DDIT3 rearrangement, supporting the diagnosis of ALT/WDL with myxoid stroma. The literature review of previously reported orbital myxoid liposarcomas revealed a morphologic overlap of documented tumors with ALT/WDL, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma with myxoid stroma as well as an absence of immunohistochemical and molecular genetic data supportive of the diagnosis of myxoid liposarcoma. This case emphasizes the potential overlap of ALT/WDL with myxoid liposarcoma and the increasing importance of molecular genetic studies in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of orbital liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Peck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kalla A Gervasio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul J L Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol L Shields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara E Lally
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ralph C Eagle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pathology Department, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tatyana Milman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pathology Department, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Abaricia S, Van Tine BA. Management of localized extremity and retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 43:273-282. [PMID: 31221500 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The optimal management of localized soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and retroperitoneum involves a high volume multidisciplinary team with expertise in sarcoma. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the sarcoma pathologist and imaging techniques prior to surgery and radiation. In addition, the data on neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy will be discussed. Finally, consideration is given to the importance of identifying genetic cancer predispositions, multidisciplinary management, long-term survivorship, and the current clinical trials for patients undergoing curative intent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abaricia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian Andrew Van Tine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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28
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Linc00423 as a tumor suppressor in retroperitoneal liposarcoma via activing MAPK signaling pathway through destabilizing of NFATC3. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:430. [PMID: 31160581 PMCID: PMC6546787 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the noncoding RNA expression networks governing cancer initiation and development is essential while remains largely uncompleted in retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS). Through RNA-seq technologies and computational biology, deregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being identified and reveal that lncRNAs are implicated in serial steps of RLS development. High-throughput sequencing with computational methods for assembling the transcriptome of five paired RLS patient’s tissues. We found that long intergenic noncoding RNA 423 (linc00423) was downregulated in RLS tissues. Gain-of-function assays revealed that overexpressed linc00423 obviously inhibited RLS cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, RNA sequence, RNA-pulldown and RIP assays evidenced that linc00423 involved in MAPK signaling pathway via destabilizing of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 (NFATC3). Summing up, our findings demonstrated that linc00423 acted as the tumor suppressor in RLS cells through regulating the protein level of NFATC3 at a post-transcriptional level and negatively regulated the MAPK signaling pathway at a transcriptional level. Linc00423 might serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and a target for novel therapies of RLS patients.
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29
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Dufresne A, Brahmi M, Karanian M, Blay JY. Using biology to guide the treatment of sarcomas and aggressive connective-tissue tumours. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 15:443-458. [PMID: 29666441 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from cells of a mesenchymal origin. Surgery forms the mainstay of the treatment of most patients with localized sarcoma and might be followed or preceded by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In the metastatic setting, systemic treatments tend to improve survival and control symptoms. However, the adverse events and sometimes disappointing outcomes associated with these empirical approaches to treatment indicate a need for new approaches. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled more targeted treatment of many malignancies based on the presence of specific alterations. NGS analyses of sarcomas have revealed the presence of many alterations that can be targeted using therapies that are already used in patients with other forms of cancer. In this Review, we describe the genomic alterations considered to define specific nosological subgroups of sarcoma and whose contribution to oncogenesis provides a biological rationale for the use of a specific targeted therapy. We also report several less successful examples that should guide researchers and clinicians to better define the extent to which the identification of driver molecular alterations should influence the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Dufresne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France.
| | - Mehdi Brahmi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Karanian
- Department of Pathology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
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30
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Trautmann M, Cheng YY, Jensen P, Azoitei N, Brunner I, Hüllein J, Slabicki M, Isfort I, Cyra M, Berthold R, Wardelmann E, Huss S, Altvater B, Rossig C, Hafner S, Simmet T, Ståhlberg A, Åman P, Zenz T, Lange U, Kindler T, Scholl C, Hartmann W, Fröhling S. Requirement for YAP1 signaling in myxoid liposarcoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9889. [PMID: 30898787 PMCID: PMC6505681 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcomas (MLS), malignant tumors of adipocyte origin, are driven by the FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene encoding an aberrant transcription factor. The mechanisms whereby FUS-DDIT3 mediates sarcomagenesis are incompletely understood, and strategies to selectively target MLS cells remain elusive. Here we show, using an unbiased functional genomic approach, that FUS-DDIT3-expressing mesenchymal stem cells and MLS cell lines are dependent on YAP1, a transcriptional co-activator and central effector of the Hippo pathway involved in tissue growth and tumorigenesis, and that increased YAP1 activity is a hallmark of human MLS Mechanistically, FUS-DDIT3 promotes YAP1 expression, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity and physically associates with YAP1 in the nucleus of MLS cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of YAP1 activity impairs the growth of MLS cells in vitro and in vivo These findings identify overactive YAP1 signaling as unifying feature of MLS development that could represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Trautmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Jensen
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ines Brunner
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hüllein
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Slabicki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Isfort
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalene Cyra
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruth Berthold
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Undine Lange
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (Frankfurt/Mainz), Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (Frankfurt/Mainz), Germany
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (Frankfurt/Mainz), Germany
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31
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Abstract
Adipocytic neoplasms include a diversity of both benign tumors (lipomas) and malignancies (liposarcomas), and each tumor type is characterized by its own unique molecular alterations driving tumorigenesis. Work over the past 30 years has established the diagnostic utility of several of these characteristic molecular alterations (e.g. MDM2 amplification in well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, FUS/EWSR1-DDIT3 gene fusions in myxoid liposarcoma, RB1 loss in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma). More recent studies have focused on additional molecular alterations which may have therapeutic or prognostic impact. This review will summarize several of the important molecular findings in adipocytic tumors that have been described over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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32
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Isfort I, Cyra M, Elges S, Kailayangiri S, Altvater B, Rossig C, Steinestel K, Grünewald I, Huss S, Eßeling E, Mikesch JH, Hafner S, Simmet T, Wozniak A, Schöffski P, Larsson O, Wardelmann E, Trautmann M, Hartmann W. SS18-SSX–Dependent YAP/TAZ Signaling in Synovial Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3718-3731. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Trautmann M, Cyra M, Isfort I, Jeiler B, Krüger A, Grünewald I, Steinestel K, Altvater B, Rossig C, Hafner S, Simmet T, Becker J, Åman P, Wardelmann E, Huss S, Hartmann W. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt Signaling is Functionally Essential in Myxoid Liposarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:834-844. [PMID: 30787173 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is an aggressive soft-tissue tumor characterized by a specific reciprocal t(12;16) translocation resulting in expression of the chimeric FUS-DDIT3 fusion protein, an oncogenic transcription factor. Similar to other translocation-associated sarcomas, MLS is characterized by a low frequency of somatic mutations, albeit a subset of MLS has previously been shown to be associated with activating PIK3CA mutations. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of PI3K/Akt signaling alterations in MLS and the potential of PI3K-directed therapeutic concepts. In a large cohort of MLS, key components of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade were evaluated by next generation seqeuncing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In three MLS cell lines, PI3K activity was inhibited by RNAi and the small-molecule PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (buparlisib) in vitro An MLS cell line-based avian chorioallantoic membrane model was applied for in vivo confirmation. In total, 26.8% of MLS cases displayed activating alterations in PI3K/Akt signaling components, with PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations representing the most prevalent finding (14.2%). IHC suggested PI3K/Akt activation in a far larger subgroup of MLS, implying alternative mechanisms of pathway activation. PI3K-directed therapeutic interference showed that MLS cell proliferation and viability significantly depended on PI3K-mediated signals in vitro and in vivo Our preclinical study underlines the elementary role of PI3K/Akt signals in MLS tumorigenesis and provides a molecularly based rationale for a PI3K-targeted therapeutic approach which may be particularly effective in the subgroup of tumors carrying activating genetic alterations in PI3K/Akt signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Trautmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany. .,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalene Cyra
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilka Isfort
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Krüger
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Grünewald
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany. .,Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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34
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Dolatabadi S, Jonasson E, Lindén M, Fereydouni B, Bäcksten K, Nilsson M, Martner A, Forootan A, Fagman H, Landberg G, Åman P, Ståhlberg A. JAK-STAT signalling controls cancer stem cell properties including chemotherapy resistance in myxoid liposarcoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:435-449. [PMID: 30650179 PMCID: PMC6590236 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) shows extensive intratumoural heterogeneity with distinct subpopulations of tumour cells. Despite improved survival of MLS patients, existing therapies have shortcomings as they fail to target all tumour cells. The nature of chemotherapy‐resistant cells in MLS remains unknown. Here, we show that MLS cell lines contained subpopulations of cells that can form spheres, efflux Hoechst dye and resist doxorubicin, all properties attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). By single‐cell gene expression, western blot, phospho‐kinase array, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and microarray analysis we showed that a subset of MLS cells expressed JAK–STAT genes with active signalling. JAK1/2 inhibition via ruxolitinib decreased, while stimulation with LIF increased, phosphorylation of STAT3 and the number of cells with CSC properties indicating that JAK–STAT signalling controlled the number of cells with CSC features. We also show that phosphorylated STAT3 interacted with the SWI/SNF complex. We conclude that MLS contains JAK–STAT‐regulated subpopulations of cells with CSC features. Combined doxorubicin and ruxolitinib treatment targeted both proliferating cells as well as cells with CSC features, providing new means to circumvent chemotherapy resistance in treatment of MLS patients. What's new? Despite improved survival of patients, existing therapies for Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) present shortcomings as they fail to target all tumour cells. The nature of chemotherapy‐resistant cells in MLS remains unknown, however. Here, the authors show that myxoid liposarcomas are heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of cells with stem cell properties, including chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, JAK‐STAT signalling is active in MLS and regulates the size of the cancer stem cells‐like subpopulation via the SWI/SNF complex. The results shed light on the mechanisms of therapy resistance in MLS and point to JAK‐STAT inhibitors as a new avenue for targeted MLS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Dolatabadi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Malin Lindén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Bentolhoda Fereydouni
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Karin Bäcksten
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Malin Nilsson
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer CenterUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Anna Martner
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer CenterUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Amin Forootan
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- MultiD Analysis ABGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and GeneticsSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and GeneticsInstitute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and GeneticsSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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35
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Estupiñan O, Santos L, Rodriguez A, Fernandez‐Nevado L, Costales P, Perez‐Escuredo J, Hermosilla MA, Oro P, Rey V, Tornin J, Allonca E, Fernandez‐Garcia MT, Alvarez‐Fernandez C, Braña A, Astudillo A, Menendez ST, Moris F, Rodriguez R. The multikinase inhibitor EC‐70124 synergistically increased the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in sarcomas. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:254-266. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Estupiñan
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucia Fernandez‐Nevado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Veronica Rey
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Braña
- Servicio de Traumatología of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
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36
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Xiong D, Wu YB, Jin C, Li JJ, Gu J, Liao YF, Long X, Zhu SQ, Wu HB, Xu JJ, Ding JY. Elevated FUS/TLS expression is negatively associated with E-cadherin expression and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1791-1800. [PMID: 30008867 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS), a ubiquitous and multifunctional DNA and RNA-binding protein, contributes an important function in cancer and neurodegenerative disease; however, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of FUS/TLS in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the significance of FUS/TLS for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with NSCLC, was examined. FUS/TLS expression was investigated in NSCLC tissues and their matched adjacent non-tumorous tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Tissue microarrays representing 208 patients with NSCLC were used to determine the expression pattern and associations with FUS/TLS using immunohistochemistry. Prognostic significance was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. Data revealed that FUS/TLS expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues compared with corresponding normal tissue mRNA (9.27±0.73 vs. 6.15±0.60) and protein (3.32±0.75 vs. 0.30±0.07) levels. In tissue microarrays, FUS/TLS was highly expressed in 103 (49.5%, 103/208) NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues (28.4%, 59/208). Overexpression of FUS/TLS was associated with higher tumor node metastasis stage (P=0.016), poorer differentiation (P=0.008), large tumor size (P=0.019) and predicted poor prognosis (P=0.005) in patients with NSCLC. Notably, correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse association between the expression of FUS/TLS and E-cadherin (r2=0.51; P=0.036). Furthermore, patients with NSCLC with high FUS/TLS and impaired E-cadherin expression had a notably poor prognosis (P=4.01×10-4). Thus, the results from the present study indicate that elevated FUS/TLS expression promotes NSCLC progression. FUS/TLS, alone or in combination with E-cadherin, is a novel prognostic predictor for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Bing Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kashgar Prefecture Second People's Hospital, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Fei Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Long
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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