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Ma W, Wei S, Li Q, Zeng J, Xiao W, Zhou C, Yoneda KY, Zeki AA, Li T. Simvastatin Overcomes Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patient-derived, Oncogene-driven Lung Adenocarcinoma Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:700-710. [PMID: 38237027 PMCID: PMC11065592 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need to develop novel strategies to overcome resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with oncogene-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The objective of this study was to determine whether simvastatin could overcome TKI resistance using the in vitro and in vivo LUAD models. Human LUAD cell lines, tumor cells, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from TKI-resistant LUAD were treated with simvastatin, either alone or in combination with a matched TKI. Tumor growth inhibition was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and expression of molecular targets was assessed by immunoblots. Tumors were assessed by histopathology, IHC stain, immunoblots, and RNA sequencing. We found that simvastatin had a potent antitumor effect in tested LUAD cell lines and PDX tumors, regardless of tumor genotypes. Simvastatin and TKI combination did not have antagonistic cytotoxicity in these LUAD models. In an osimertinib-resistant LUAD PDX model, simvastatin and osimertinib combination resulted in a greater reduction in tumor volume than simvastatin alone (P < 0.001). Immunoblots and IHC stain also confirmed that simvastatin inhibited TKI targets. In addition to inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, RNA sequencing and Western blots identified the proliferation, migration, and invasion-related genes (such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, YAP/TAZ, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor), proteasome-related genes, and integrin (α3β1, αvβ3) signaling pathways as the significantly downregulated targets in these PDX tumors treated with simvastatin and a TKI. The addition of simvastatin is a safe approach to overcome acquired resistance to TKIs in several oncogene-driven LUAD models, which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sixi Wei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianping Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chihong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ken Y. Yoneda
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Lung Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Lung Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA
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2
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Tripathi S, Gupta E, Galande S. Statins as anti-tumor agents: A paradigm for repurposed drugs. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2078. [PMID: 38711272 PMCID: PMC11074523 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, frequently prescribed medications, work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cholesterol levels. Due to their multifaceted benefits, statins are being adapted for use as cost-efficient, safe and effective anti-cancer treatments. Several studies have shown that specific types of cancer are responsive to statin medications since they rely on the mevalonate pathway for their growth and survival. RECENT FINDINGS Statin are a class of drugs known for their potent inhibition of cholesterol production and are typically prescribed to treat high cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, there is growing interest in repurposing statins for the treatment of malignant neoplastic diseases, often in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The mechanism behind statin treatment includes targeting apoptosis through the BCL2 signaling pathway, regulating the cell cycle via the p53-YAP axis, and imparting epigenetic modulations by altering methylation patterns on CpG islands and histone acetylation by downregulating DNMTs and HDACs respectively. Notably, some studies have suggested a potential chemo-preventive effect, as decreased occurrence of tumor relapse and enhanced survival rate were reported in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy. However, the definitive endorsement of statin usage in cancer therapy hinges on population based clinical studies with larger patient cohorts and extended follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS The potential of anti-cancer properties of statins seems to reach beyond their influence on cholesterol production. Further investigations are necessary to uncover their effects on cancer promoting signaling pathways. Given their distinct attributes, statins might emerge as promising contenders in the fight against tumorigenesis, as they appear to enhance the efficacy and address the limitations of conventional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tripathi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life SciencesShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarIndia
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3
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Guo H, Zhou C, Zheng M, Zhang J, Wu H, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Insights into the role of derailed endocytic trafficking pathway in cancer: From the perspective of cancer hallmarks. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107084. [PMID: 38295915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The endocytic trafficking pathway is a highly organized cellular program responsible for the regulation of membrane components and uptake of extracellular substances. Molecules internalized into the cell through endocytosis will be sorted for degradation or recycled back to membrane, which is determined by a series of sorting events. Many receptors, enzymes, and transporters on the membrane are strictly regulated by endocytic trafficking process, and thus the endocytic pathway has a profound effect on cellular homeostasis. However, the endocytic trafficking process is typically dysregulated in cancers, which leads to the aberrant retention of receptor tyrosine kinases and immunosuppressive molecules on cell membrane, the loss of adhesion protein, as well as excessive uptake of nutrients. Therefore, hijacking endocytic trafficking pathway is an important approach for tumor cells to obtain advantages of proliferation and invasion, and to evade immune attack. Here, we summarize how dysregulated endocytic trafficking process triggers tumorigenesis and progression from the perspective of several typical cancer hallmarks. The impact of endocytic trafficking pathway to cancer therapy efficacy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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4
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Panikar SS, Keltee N, Berry NK, Shmuel S, Fisher ZT, Brown E, Zidel A, Mabry A, Pereira PMR. Metformin-Induced Receptor Turnover Alters Antibody Accumulation in HER-Expressing Tumors. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1195-1202. [PMID: 37268425 PMCID: PMC10394312 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has effects beyond its antihyperglycemic properties, including altering the localization of membrane receptors in cancer cells. Metformin decreases human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) membrane density. Depletion of cell-surface HER decreases antibody-tumor binding for imaging and therapeutic approaches. Here, we used HER-targeted PET to annotate antibody-tumor binding in mice treated with metformin. Methods: Small-animal PET annotated antibody binding in HER-expressing xenografts on administration of an acute versus a daily dose schedule of metformin. Analyses at the protein level in the total, membrane, and internalized cell extracts were performed to determine receptor endocytosis, HER surface and internalized protein levels, and HER phosphorylation. Results: At 24 h after injection of radiolabeled anti-HER antibodies, control tumors had higher antibody accumulation than tumors treated with an acute dose of metformin. These differences were temporal, and by 72 h, tumor uptake in acute cohorts was similar to uptake in control. Additional PET imaging revealed a sustained decrease in tumor uptake on daily metformin treatment compared with control and acute metformin cohorts. The effects of metformin on membrane HER were reversible, and after its removal, antibody-tumor binding was restored. The time- and dose-dependent effects of metformin-induced HER depletion observed preclinically were validated with immunofluorescence, fractionation, and protein analysis cell assays. Conclusion: The findings that metformin decreases cell-surface HER receptors and reduces antibody-tumor binding may have significant implications for the use of antibodies targeting these receptors in cancer treatment and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Surendra Panikar
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nai Keltee
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Na-Keysha Berry
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shayla Shmuel
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zachary T Fisher
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Abbey Zidel
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Alex Mabry
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Patrícia M R Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
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5
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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6
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Rao Y, Samuels Z, Carter LM, Monette S, Panikar S, Pereira P, Lewis J. Statins enhance the efficacy of HER2-targeting radioligand therapy in drug-resistant gastric cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220413120. [PMID: 36972439 PMCID: PMC10083538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220413120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various cancer types. HER2-targeting trastuzumab plus chemotherapy is used as first-line therapy for HER2-positive recurrent or primary metastatic gastric cancer, but intrinsic and acquired trastuzumab resistance inevitably develop over time. To overcome gastric cancer resistance to HER2-targeted therapies, we have conjugated trastuzumab with a beta-emitting therapeutic isotope, lutetium-177, to deliver radiation locally to gastric tumors with minimal toxicity. Because trastuzumab-based targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) requires only the extramembrane domain binding of membrane-bound HER2 receptors, HER2-targeting RLT can bypass any resistance mechanisms that occur downstream of HER2 binding. Leveraging our previous discoveries that statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, can enhance the cell surface-bound HER2 to achieve effective drug delivery in tumors, we proposed that the combination of statins and [177Lu]Lu-trastuzumab-based RLT can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-targeted RLT in drug-resistant gastric cancers. We demonstrate that lovastatin elevates cell surface HER2 levels and increases the tumor-absorbed radiation dose of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Furthermore, lovastatin-modulated [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab RLT durably inhibits tumor growth and prolongs overall survival in mice bearing NCI-N87 gastric tumors and HER2-positive patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of known clinical resistance to trastuzumab therapy. Statins also exhibit a radioprotective effect, reducing radiotoxicity in a mice cohort given the combination of statins and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Since statins are commonly prescribed to patients, our results strongly support the feasibility of clinical studies that combine lovastatin with HER2-targeted RLT in HER2-postive patients and trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rao
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Zachary Samuels
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Lukas M. Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Sandeep Surendra Panikar
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Patricia M. R. Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
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7
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Kansal V, Burnham AJ, Kinney BLC, Saba NF, Paulos C, Lesinski GB, Buchwald ZS, Schmitt NC. Statin drugs enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005940. [PMID: 36650022 PMCID: PMC9853267 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade is approved for first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but few patients respond. Statin drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are associated with superior survival in several cancer types, including HNSCC. Emerging data suggest that manipulation of cholesterol may enhance some aspects of antitumor immunity. METHODS We used syngeneic murine models (mouse oral cancer, MOC1 and TC-1) to investigate our hypothesis that a subset of statin drugs would enhance antitumor immunity and delay tumor growth. RESULTS Using an ex vivo coculture assay of murine cancer cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, we discovered that all seven statin drugs inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Simvastatin and lovastatin also enhanced T-cell killing of tumor cells. In mice, daily oral simvastatin or lovastatin enhanced tumor control and extended survival when combined with PD-1 blockade, with rejection of MOC1 tumors in 30% of mice treated with lovastatin plus anti-PD-1. Results from flow cytometry of tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes suggested T cell activation and shifts from M2 to M1 macrophage predominance as potential mechanisms of combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that statins deserve further study as well-tolerated, inexpensive drugs that may enhance responses to PD-1 checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kansal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andre J Burnham
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brendan L C Kinney
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chrystal Paulos
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Departments of Surgery and Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Malik J, Ahmed S, Momin SS, Shaikh S, Alafnan A, Alanazi J, Said Almermesh MH, Anwar S. Drug Repurposing: A New Hope in Drug Discovery for Prostate Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:56-73. [PMID: 36643505 PMCID: PMC9835086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA), the most common cancer in men, accounted for 1.3 million new incidences in 2018. An increase in incidences is an issue of concern that should be addressed. Of all the reported prostate cancers, 85% were detected in stages III and IV, making them difficult to treat. Conventional drugs gradually lose their efficacy due to the developed resistance against them, thus requiring newer therapeutic agents to be used as monotherapy or combination. Recent research regarding treatment options has attained remarkable speed and development. Therefore, in this context, drug repurposing comes into the picture, which is defined as the "investigation of the off-patent, approved and marketed drugs for a novel therapeutic indication" which saves at least 30% of the time and cost, reducing the cost of treatment for patients, which usually runs high in cancer patients. The anticancer property of cardiac glycosides in cancers was tested in the early 1980s. The trend then shifts toward treating prostate cancer by repurposing other cardiovascular drugs. The current review mainly emphasizes the advantageous antiprostate cancer profile of conventional CVS drugs like cardiac glycosides, RAAS inhibitors, statins, heparin, and beta-blockers with underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid
Ahmad Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781003, India
- Biomedical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT), Ropar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sadiya Sikandar Momin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Annasaheb Dange College of B. Pharmacy, Ashta, Shivaji University, Sangli, Maharastra 416301, India
| | - Sijal Shaikh
- Sandip Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Savitribai Phule
Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra 422213, India
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jowaher Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Cheng Q, Yang Z, Quan X, Ding Y, Li J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Wang R. Tumor polyamines as guest cues attract host-functionalized liposomes for targeting and hunting via a bio-orthogonal supramolecular strategy. Theranostics 2023; 13:611-620. [PMID: 36632232 PMCID: PMC9830427 DOI: 10.7150/thno.80857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the attractions of fruit flies to polyamines of rotten food, we developed a facile, bio-orthogonal, supramolecular homing and hunting strategy, relying on the elevated levels of polyamines in tumor as the natural guest cues to attract cucurbit [7] uril (CB[7]) functionalized liposomes to the tumor site, owing to the strong, bio-orthogonal host-guest interactions between CB[7] and polyamines. This supramolecular homing enabled a high targeting efficiency of CB[7] functionalized liposomes, and allowed better tissue penetration and retention in breast tumor. The employment of a receptor functionalized nanomedicine for direct tropism towards endogenous biomarkers as guest cues, reminiscent of natural chemotaxis but in a bio-orthogonal manner, has not been previously reported, offering new sights to the design and development of new nanoformulations that rely on bio-orthogonal interactions for chemotaxis-guided targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xingping Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yuanfu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Junyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,✉ Corresponding author: Ruibing Wang, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China Department, E-mail: ; Xiaoyuan Chen, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore,
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Ruibing Wang, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China Department, E-mail: ; Xiaoyuan Chen, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore,
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10
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Yang C, Fan S, Wang X, Liu W, Yang L, He B, Dai W, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Optimize the combination regimen of Trastuzumab and Nab-paclitaxel in HER2-positive tumors via modulating Caveolin-1 expression by lovastatin. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:697-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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11
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Wu H, Huang D, Zhou H, Sima X, Wu Z, Sun Y, Wang L, Ruan Y, Wu Q, Wu F, She T, Chu Y, Huang Q, Ning Z, Zhang H. Metformin: A promising drug for human cancers. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:204. [PMID: 35720480 PMCID: PMC9178677 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule chemical drugs are of great significance for tumor-targeted and individualized therapies. However, the development of new small-molecule drugs, from basic experimental research and clinical trials to final application in clinical practice, is a long process that has a high cost. It takes at least 5 years for most drugs to be developed in the laboratory to prove their effectiveness and safety. Compared with the development of new drugs, repurposing traditional non-tumor drugs can be a shortcut. Metformin is a good model for a new use of an old drug. In recent years, the antitumor efficacy of metformin has attracted much attention. Epidemiological data and in vivo, and in vitro experiments have shown that metformin can reduce the incidence of cancer in patients with diabetes and has a strong antagonistic effect on metabolism-related tumors. Recent studies have shown that metformin can induce autophagy in esophageal cancer cells, mainly by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In recent years, studies have shown that the antitumor functions and mechanisms of metformin are multifaceted. The present study aims to review the application of metformin in tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnian Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Enshi State Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei 445099, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Sima
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Nursing School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Stomatology and Optometry School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui She
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Enshi State Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei 445099, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Huang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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12
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Caveolin-1 temporal modulation enhances antibody drug efficacy in heterogeneous gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2526. [PMID: 35534471 PMCID: PMC9085816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance mechanisms and heterogeneity in HER2-positive gastric cancers (GC) limit Trastuzumab benefit in 32% of patients, and other targeted therapies have failed in clinical trials. Using patient samples, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), partially humanized biological models, and HER2-targeted imaging technologies we demonstrate the role of caveolin-1 (CAV1) as a complementary biomarker in GC selection for Trastuzumab therapy. In retrospective analyses of samples from patients enrolled on Trastuzumab trials, the CAV1-high profile associates with low membrane HER2 density and low patient survival. We show a negative correlation between CAV1 tumoral protein levels – a major protein of cholesterol-rich membrane domains – and Trastuzumab-drug conjugate TDM1 tumor uptake. Finally, CAV1 depletion using knockdown or pharmacologic approaches (statins) increases antibody drug efficacy in tumors with incomplete HER2 membranous reactivity. In support of these findings, background statin use in patients associates with enhanced antibody efficacy. Together, this work provides preclinical justification and clinical evidence that require prospective investigation of antibody drugs combined with statins to delay drug resistance in tumors. Clinical evidences have demonstrated limited efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Here the authors show that survival benefit to anti-HER2 antibody Trastuzumab is reduced in GC patients with high levels of the caveolin-1 and that, in preclinical cancer models, antibody drug efficacy can be improved by modulating caveolin-1 levels with cholesterol-depleting drugs, statins.
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13
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Thomas BJ, Porciani D, Burke DH. Cancer immunomodulation using bispecific aptamers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:894-915. [PMID: 35141049 PMCID: PMC8803965 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of immune destruction is a major hallmark of cancer. Recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of various immunomodulating therapies underline the important role that reprogramming the immune system can play in combating this disease. However, a wide range of side effects still limit the therapeutic potential of immunomodulators, suggesting a need for more precise reagents with negligible off-target and on-target/off-tumor effects. Aptamers are single-chained oligonucleotides that bind their targets with high specificity and affinity owing to their three-dimensional (3D) structures, and they are one potential way to address this need. In particular, bispecific aptamers (bsApts) have been shown to induce artificial immune synapses that promote T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis in various in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models. We discuss these advances here, along with gaps in bsApt biology at both the cellular and resident tissue levels that should be addressed to accelerate their translation into the clinic. The broad application, minimal production cost, and relative lack of immunogenicity of bsApts give them some ideal qualities for manipulating the immune system. Building upon lessons from other novel therapies, bsApts could soon provide clinicians with an immunomodulating toolbox that is not only potent and efficacious but exercises a wide therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Thomas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Donald H. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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14
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Mini-review: Antibody-PET of receptor tyrosine kinase interplay and heterogeneity. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 108-109:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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EGFR-Targeted ImmunoPET of UMUC3 Orthotopic Bladder Tumors. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:511-518. [PMID: 35147837 PMCID: PMC10187976 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) combines the specificity of an antibody with the sensitivity of PET to image dysregulated pathways in cancer. This study examines the performance of immunoPET using the radioimmunoconjugate [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in an orthotopic model of bladder cancer (BCa). PROCEDURES Expression and quantification of EGFR receptors were confirmed in four different BCa cell lines. Binding assays validated [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab specificity for EGFR-expressing UMUC3 BCa cells. Subcutaneous and orthotopic UMUC3 xenografts were then used for PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution of the radioimmunoconjugate. Control cohorts included non-tumor mice, 89Zr-labeled non-specific IgG, and blocking experiments. RESULTS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab binds specifically to EGFR-expressing UMUC3 cells with a Bmax value of 5.9 × 104 EGFRs/cell in vitro. ImmunoPET/CT images show localization of the antibody in subcutaneous UMUC3 xenografts and murine bladder tumors. In the orthotopic model, the immunoPET signal correlates with the respective tumor volume. Ex vivo biodistribution analysis further confirmed imaging results. CONCLUSION The preclinical data presents a proof of concept for utilizing EGFR-targeted immunoPET to image BCa with altered EGFR protein levels.
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16
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Cao B, Deng H, Cui H, Zhao R, Li H, Wei B, Chen L. Knockdown of PGM1 enhances anticancer effects of orlistat in gastric cancer under glucose deprivation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 34507580 PMCID: PMC8434706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) acts as an important regulator in glucose metabolism. However, the role of PGM1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of PGM1 and develop novel regimens based on metabolic reprogramming in GC. Methods Correlation and enrichment analyses of PGM1 were conducted based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Data derived from the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database were analyzed to evaluate correlations between PGM1 expression and survival time of GC patients. Cell counting kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine, flow cytometry assays, generation of subcutaneous tumor and lung metastasis mouse models were used to determine growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Cell glycolysis was detected by a battery of glycolytic indicators, including lactate, pyruvic acid, ATP production and glucose uptake. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) activity and expression levels of lipid enzymes were determined to reflect on lipid metabolism. Results Correlation and enrichment analyses suggested that PGM1 was closely associated with cell viability, proliferation and metabolism. PGM1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines. High PGM1 expression served as an indicator of shorter survival for specific subpopulation of GC patients. It was also correlated with pathological tumor stage and pathological tumor node metastasis stage of GC. Under the glucose deprivation condition, knockdown of PGM1 significantly suppressed cell viability, proliferation and glycolysis, whereas lipid metabolism was enhanced. Orlistat, as a drug that was designed to inhibit FASN activity, effectively induced apoptosis and suppressed lipid metabolism in GC. However, orlistat conversely increased glycolytic levels. Orlistat exhibited more significant inhibitive effects on GC progression after knockdown of PGM1 under glucose deprivation due to combination of glycolysis and lipid metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Downregulation of PGM1 expression under glucose deprivation enhanced anti-cancer effects of orlistat. This combination application may serve as a novel strategy for GC treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02193-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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17
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Jiang W, Hu JW, He XR, Jin WL, He XY. Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:241. [PMID: 34303383 PMCID: PMC8306262 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subtypes of cancer are more vulnerable to statin therapy than others. Whether statins have clinical anticancer effects is still an active area of research. Statins appear to enhance the efficacy and address the shortcomings associated with conventional cancer treatments, suggesting that statins should be considered in the context of combined therapies for cancer. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the potential of statins in anti-cancer treatments. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of statins and their effects on different malignancies. We also provide recommendations for the design of future well-designed clinical trials of the anti-cancer efficacy of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ran He
- Department of Finance, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, P. R. China.
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18
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma: a review of clinical features, treatment targets and advances in improving the immune response to monoclonal antibody therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188523. [PMID: 33600823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is relentless, defined by treatment failure heralded by locoregional recurrence and distant metastatic disease. In this review, we present an update of clinical features, molecular classification, current targeted therapies, immune landscapes and novel treatment targets with their respective clinical trials. The presented results are defined by a lack of overall response rate and limited progression free survival, with restriction to stable disease. In addition, ACC is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition due to low tumour immunogenicity and lack of PD-L1 expression. Here we present a new prospective research paradigm for ACC, including the potential to target prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the potential for manipulation of target receptors in the clinic. The presentation of this review aims to promote future research to improve response rates and outcomes for therapeutics undergoing clinical trial in ACC.
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19
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Ferreira VFC, Oliveira BL, D'Onofrio A, Farinha CM, Gano L, Paulo A, Bernardes GJL, Mendes F. In Vivo Pretargeting Based on Cysteine-Selective Antibody Modification with IEDDA Bioorthogonal Handles for Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:121-132. [PMID: 33295756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pretargeted imaging has emerged as an effective multistep strategy aiming to improve imaging contrast and reduce patient radiation exposure through decoupling of the radioactivity from the targeting vector. The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-conjugated antibody and a labeled tetrazine holds great promise for pretargeted imaging applications due to its bioorthogonality, rapid kinetics under mild conditions, and formation of stable products. Herein, we describe the use of functionalized carbonylacrylic reagents for site-specific incorporation of TCO onto a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody (THIOMAB) containing an engineered unpaired cysteine residue, generating homogeneous conjugates. Precise labeling of THIOMAB-TCO with a fluorescent or radiolabeled tetrazine revealed the potential of the TCO-functionalized antibody for imaging the HER2 after pretargeting in a cellular context in a HER2 positive breast cancer cell line. Control studies with MDA-MD-231 cells, which do not express HER2, further confirmed the target specificity of the modified antibody. THIOMAB-TCO was also evaluated in vivo after pretargeting and subsequent administration of an 111In-labeled tetrazine. Biodistribution studies in breast cancer tumor-bearing mice showed a significant activity accumulation on HER2+ tumors, which was 2.6-fold higher than in HER2- tumors. Additionally, biodistribution studies with THIOMAB without the TCO handle also resulted in a decreased uptake of 111In-DOTA-Tz on HER2+ tumors. Altogether, these results clearly indicate the occurrence of the click reaction at the tumor site, i.e., pretargeting of SK-BR-3 HER2-expressing cells with THIOMAB-TCO and reaction through the TCO moiety present in the antibody. The combined advantages of site-selectivity and stability of TCO tagged-antibodies could allow application of biorthogonal chemistry strategies for pretargeting imaging with minimal side-reactions and background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera F C Ferreira
- Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Bruno L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice D'Onofrio
- Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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