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Parrilla GE, Gupta V, Wall RV, Salkar A, Basavarajappa D, Mirzaei M, Chitranshi N, Graham SL, You Y. The role of myelin in neurodegeneration: implications for drug targets and neuroprotection strategies. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:271-292. [PMID: 37983528 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Myelination of axons in the central nervous system offers numerous advantages, including decreased energy expenditure for signal transmission and enhanced signal speed. The myelin sheaths surrounding an axon consist of a multi-layered membrane that is formed by oligodendrocytes, while specific glycoproteins and lipids play various roles in this formation process. As beneficial as myelin can be, its dysregulation and degeneration can prove detrimental. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in cellular metabolism and the extracellular matrix can lead to demyelination of these axons. These factors are hallmark characteristics of certain demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis. The effects of demyelination are also implicated in primary degeneration in diseases such as glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease, as well as in processes of secondary degeneration. This reveals a relationship between myelin and secondary processes of neurodegeneration, including resultant degeneration following traumatic injury and transsynaptic degeneration. The role of myelin in primary and secondary degeneration is also of interest in the exploration of strategies and targets for remyelination, including the use of anti-inflammatory molecules or nanoparticles to deliver drugs. Although the use of these methods in animal models of diseases have shown to be effective in promoting remyelination, very few clinical trials in patients have met primary end points. This may be due to shortcomings or considerations that are not met while designing a clinical trial that targets remyelination. Potential solutions include diversifying disease targets and requiring concomitant interventions to promote rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella E Parrilla
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Akanksha Salkar
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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Gaita L, Timar B, Timar R, Fras Z, Gaita D, Banach M. Lipid Disorders Management Strategies (2024) in Prediabetic and Diabetic Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:219. [PMID: 38399434 PMCID: PMC10892910 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a modifiable risk factor commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes, with a major impact on the early development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Various studies have tried to identify the key treatment targets, their optimal values according to patients' CV risk, and the most efficient yet safe therapeutic agents which, alongside lifestyle changes, would improve lipid levels and reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Currently, there are multiple pharmacologic options that can be used in the management of dyslipidaemia, such as statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, PCSK9 inhibitors, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or fibrates, to name only a few, while many other are under development. In the current setting of a continuously increasing population of patients with metabolic disorders, this review aims to summarise current knowledge regarding lipid disorders and the recommendations of recent guidelines in treating dyslipidaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dan Gaita
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institutul de Boli Cardiovasculare, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
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Zeina T, Gandhi S, Mittal A, Levy AN, Weinstock J, Singh S, Jangi S. Predictors and Etiologies of Clinical Relapse Among Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Deep Remission. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:195-199. [PMID: 36753459 PMCID: PMC10406966 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
GOAL The objective of this study was to evaluate for potential predictors and etiologies of clinical relapse among patients with ulcerative colitis in deep remission. BACKGROUND Patients displaying deep (endoscopic and histologic) remission have a decreased cumulative risk of relapse in ulcerative colitis of <10% per year, but predictors and etiologies of relapse in this population are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic medical records at Tufts Medical Center to identify patients in deep remission, classified as having both endoscopic remission (Mayo Endoscopic Score of 0 or 1) and histologic remission (Simplified Geboes Score 0.2). We evaluated the cumulative risk of clinical relapse following attainment of deep remission and examined predictors and etiologies of relapse. RESULTS Among 139 patients with ulcerative colitis in deep remission, the cumulative risk of relapse was <10% and <20% at 1 and 2 years. Patients with complete normalization of mucosa (Geboes=0) and normalization of C-reactive protein (<7.48 mg/dL) at the time of remission were associated with a lower risk of relapse. Discontinuation of therapy was the most commonly identified etiology of relapse. CONCLUSIONS Patients in deep remission have a 1-year risk of clinical relapse of <10%, with those demonstrating a non-normalized mucosa or elevated C-reactive protein predictive of persistent relapse risk. Discontinuation of therapy or minor histologic changes may drive relapse among those in deep remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Zeina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shiv Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Akaash Mittal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander N. Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sushrut Jangi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Strober B, Ferris L, Callis Duffin K, Janak JC, Sima AP, Eckmann T, Patel M, Photowala H, Garg V, Armstrong A. Real-world effectiveness of risankizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis using the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:82-90. [PMID: 37739267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis, an inflammatory skin disease, is often treated with biologic therapeutics. OBJECTIVE To determine the real-world treatment effectiveness of risankizumab, an interleukin-23 inhibitor, in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was conducted using the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry for eligible adults with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and persistent use of risankizumab at 12 (±3) months after initiation. Skin clearance measures and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed for the entire study population and by prior biologic treatment. RESULTS Among 287 patients with persistent risankizumab use at 1 year, most achieved clear or clear/almost clear skin and reported significant reductions in Dermatology Life Quality Index scores, psoriasis symptoms (fatigue, skin pain, and overall itch), and work and activity impairment. LIMITATIONS The CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry is not necessarily representative of all adults with psoriasis in the United States and Canada and does not measure patient adherence. CONCLUSION Patients treated with risankizumab, regardless of prior treatment, achieved high levels of clear and clear/almost clear skin, Dermatology Life Quality Index scores of 0/1, and significant reductions in psoriasis symptoms (fatigue, skin pain, and overall itch) and work and activity impairment 1 year after initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Strober
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, Connecticut.
| | - Laura Ferris
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - April Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Li Y, Yu Y, Yang L, Wang R. Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:286. [PMID: 38062825 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2811286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. HCC may develop as a result of genetic changes, including oxidative injury to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Signaling pathways regulated by OS, such as Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways, are vital regulators in developing HCC. OS-mediated activation of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κB and p53, among others, is capable of regulating the redox state of HCC cells. OS also affects the tumor microenvironment, which, in turn, regulates HCC progression. In HCC, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can potentially enhance tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. However, elevated ROS levels can cause cytotoxicity and trigger apoptosis in HCC cells. This review highlights and explores potential oxidative stress-related treatment targets in HCC, offering novel insights for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, 226300 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, 226300 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, 226300 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210016 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Cavicchioli M, Movalli M, Bruni A, Terragni R, Bellintani S, Ricchiuti A, Borgia E, Borelli G, Elena GM, Piazza L, Begarani M, Ogliari A. The Complexity of Impulsivity Dimensions among Abstinent Individuals with Substance Use Disorders. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023; 55:471-482. [PMID: 35998223 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a complex construct that has been operationalized considering personality dimensions (e.g., negative urgency [NU], lack of perseverance [LPe], lack of premeditation [LPr], positive urgency [PU]), and neuropsychological processes (i.e., cognitive disinhibition, motor disinhibition, impulsive decision-making). Empirical research suggested that they could represent core features of substance use disorders (SUDs). However, there are no studies that have comprehensively assessed them among patients with SUDs. Furthermore, the quality of relationships among such domains remains unclear. The current case-control study included 59 abstinent patients with SUDs and 56 healthy controls (HCs). There were two independent assessment phases: i) the administration of UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale; ii) a computerized neuropsychological battery (i.e., Attentional Network Test, Go/No-Go task, Iowa Gambling task). Patients with SUDs reported higher levels of NU and PU than HCs. NU, LPe, and LPr were associated to the co-occurrence of multiple SUDs. Motor disinhibition was the core dimension of SUDs. Cognitive disinhibition and Impulsive decision-making were also associated to SUDs. Self-report and neuropsychological dimensions of impulsivity were not correlated within the clinical group. HCs showed significant associations among these domains of impulsivity. Impulsivity should be viewed as a complex system of personality traits and neuropsychological processes among individuals with SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Bruni
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Terragni
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellintani
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Goldoni Maria Elena
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Ogliari
- Child in Mind Lab, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
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Du R, Wang F, Yang C, Hu J, Liu J, Jian Q, Wang R, Zhang J, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang F. Metabolic features of orbital adipose tissue in patients with thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1151757. [PMID: 37600696 PMCID: PMC10435847 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1151757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most frequent orbital disease in adults and is characterized by the accumulation of orbital adipose tissue (OAT). It can lead to eyelid retraction or even vision loss. Orbital decompression surgery serves as the primary treatment for inactive TED by removing the excess OAT. However, there is a lack of alternative treatments to surgery due to the unclear understanding of the pathogenesis, particularly the metabolic features. Accordingly, our study was implemented to explore the content and features of metabolites of OATs from TED patients. Method The OATs used in the current study were obtained from the orbital decompression surgery of seven patients with inactive TED. We also collected control OATs from eye surgical samples of five individuals with no history of autoimmune thyroid diseases, TED, or under non-inflammatory conditions. The liquid chromatography mass spectrometer was used for the measurements of the targeted metabolites. Afterwards, we performed differential metabolite assay analysis and related pathway enrichment analysis. Results In our study, a total of 149 metabolite profiles were detected in all participants. There were significant differences in several metabolite profiles between the TED group and the control group, mainly including uric acid, oxidized glutathione, taurine, dGMP, oxidized glutathione 2, uracil, hexose-phosphate, 1-methylnicotinamide, D-sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, and uridine 5'-monophosphate (all p-value < 0.05). The TED-related pathways identified included purine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism (p-values < 0.05). Our study found overlaps and differences including uric acid and uracil, which are in accordance with metabolites found in blood of patients with TED from previous study and several newly discovered metabolite by our study such as hexose-phosphate, 1-methylnicotinamide, D-sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, compared to those tested from blood, OAT, or urine samples reported in previous studies. Conclusion The findings of our study shed light on the metabolic features of OAT in individuals with TED. These results may help identify new treatment targets for TED, providing potential avenues for developing alternative treatments beyond ophthalmic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiapei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi Jian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang N, Xing Q, Li W, Yan Q, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Z. Explore the mechanism of ursolic acid acting on atherosclerosis through network pharmacological and bioinformatics methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34362. [PMID: 37505165 PMCID: PMC10378903 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the deep mechanisms of ursolic acid (UA) for treating atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics. UA target genes were derived from traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology, BATMAN-TCM, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Atherosclerosis-related genes were derived from genecards, NCBI genes, and OMIM databases. The protein interaction network was constructed through the STRING database, and the hub network was extracted by using the Cytoscape software MCODE app. The enrichment analysis of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes was performed by the R software clusterProfiler package, and the expression and prognostic value of the hub genes were verified on the data set. Screen the genes for expression and prognosis conclusions, conduct methylation analysis, and ceRNA construction. UA had 145 targets in the treatment of atherosclerosis. The top 7 gene ontology (biological process, molecular function, and cellular component) and pathways related to atherosclerosis were screened out. It is principally involved in biological processes, including response to lipopolysaccharide and regulation of inflammatory response. The main signaling pathways incorporated the TNF signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Androgen receptor (AR) and interleukin-1 beta gene (IL1B) were further screened as core target genes. Methylation analysis demonstrated that the AR methylation level was elevated in the atherosclerotic group. On the contrary, the IL1B methylation level was lower in the atherosclerotic group. The results of the ceRNA analysis indicated that there were 43 targeted miRNAs in AR and 3 miRNAs in IL1B. We speculate that the target genes of UA regulating atherosclerosis are AR and IL1B. The mechanism may be that UA regulates the expression of target genes by regulating the methylation of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qichang Xing
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qingzi Yan
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Renzhu Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, China
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Martin AF, Maughan B, Konac D, Barker ED. Mother and father depression symptoms and child emotional difficulties: a network model. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:204-211. [PMID: 36942415 PMCID: PMC10895513 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother and father depression symptoms often co-occur, and together can have a substantial impact on child emotional well-being. Little is understood about symptom-level mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of depression symptoms within families. AIMS The objective was to use network analysis to examine depression symptoms in mothers and fathers after having a baby, and emotional symptoms in children in early adolescence. METHOD We examined data from 4492 mother-father-child trios taken from a prospective, population-based cohort in the UK. Symptoms were examined using two unregularised partial correlation network models. The initial model was used to examine the pattern of associations, i.e. the overall network structure, for mother and father depression symptoms, and then to identify bridge symptoms that reinforce depression symptoms between parents during offspring infancy. The second model examined associations between the parent symptom network, including bridge symptoms, with later child emotional difficulties. RESULTS The study included 4492 mother-father-child trios; 2204 (49.1%) children were female. Bridge symptoms reinforcing mother and father depression symptoms were feeling guilty and self-harm ideation. For mothers, the bridge symptom of feeling guilty, and symptoms of anhedonia, panic and sadness were highly connected with child emotional difficulties. For fathers, the symptom of feeling overwhelmed associated with child emotional difficulties. Guilt and anhedonia in fathers appeared to indirectly associate with child emotional difficulties through the same symptom in mothers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that specific symptom cascades are central for co-occurring depression in parents and increased vulnerability in children, providing potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Martin
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Deniz Konac
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK and Department of Psychology, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Turkey
| | - Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic and recurrent systemic vasculitis involving large, medium and small blood vessels as well as arteries and veins. BD with predominant gastrointestinal manifestations is diagnosed as intestinal BD, which is associated with severe complications such as massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, perforation, and obstruction. Recently, treat-to-target (T2T) strategies have been successfully used in many chronic diseases and been suggested in the management of BD, while there are no related reviews about the global treatment strategy including treatment principles and targets for intestinal BD in detail. Herein, we review the treatment principles from the aspects of departments of Rheumatology and Gastroenterology. In addition, treatment targets of intestinal BD are reviewed from three aspects such as evaluable markers, effective markers and potency-ratio markers. Some definitions and conceptions from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) bring us reference and enlightenments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union
Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking
Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Baharudin N, Ramli AS, Ramland SS, Badlie-Hisham NI, Mohamed-Yassin MS. Factors Associated With Achievement of Blood Pressure, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and Glycemic Targets for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases Among High Cardiovascular Risk Malaysians in Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231191017. [PMID: 37551146 PMCID: PMC10408317 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231191017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the world's leading cause of death. About half of Malaysian adults have at least 2 risk factors; thus, rigorous primary preventions are crucial to prevent the first cardiovascular (CV) event. This study aimed to determine the achievement of treatment targets and factors associated with it among high CV risk individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 390 participants from a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia, between February and June 2022. The inclusion criteria were high-CV risk individuals, that is, Framingham risk score >20%, diabetes without target organ damage, stage 3 kidney disease, and very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >4.9 mmol/L or blood pressure (BP) >180/110 mmHg. Individuals with existing CVD were excluded. The treatment targets were BP <140/90 mmHg (≤135/75 for diabetics), LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L, and HbA1c ≤6.5%. Multiple logistic regressions determined the association between sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, health literacy, and medication adherence with the achievements of each target. RESULTS About 7.2% achieved all treatment targets. Of these, 35.1% reached systolic and diastolic (46.7%) BP targets. About 60.2% and 28.2% achieved optimal LDL-C and HbA1c, respectively. Working participants had lower odds of having optimal systolic (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.90) and diastolic (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.96) BP. Those who adhered to treatments were more likely to achieve LDL-C and HbA1c targets; (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.69) and (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.25-4.83), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The control of risk factors among high CV risk patients in this study was suboptimal. Urgent measures such as improving medication adherence are warranted.
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12
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Vitulano LA, Mitchell JT, Vitulano ML, Leckman JF, Saunders D, Davis N, Woodward D, Goodhue B, Artukoglu B, Kober H. Parental perspectives on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatments for children. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1019-1032. [PMID: 35695509 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated parental perspectives and experiences on the evaluation and treatment process associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Five hundred sixty-eight parents of youth 2-28 years-old (M = 9.37; SD = 4.11) diagnosed with ADHD responded to a 14-item online survey about their child's diagnosis and treatment. Parents reported that they had tried an average of 4.49 interventions (SD = 2.63). Parents further shared factors in treatment selection, most helpful parenting strategies, and preferences for types of treatments and treatment targets. A majority of parents reported incorporating many non-traditional strategies (e.g., exercise, healthy eating, outdoor activities) with goals of improving their child's coping skills, study habits, and anger management. The findings show that treatment choices were often selected based on trust in the provider, research support, and the child's preference. Given parental preferences for non-traditional strategies, treatment development efforts should consider these strategies as a component of a broader multimodal treatment approach to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Saunders
- Yale Child Study Center.,5798Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hedy Kober
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry
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13
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Mease PJ, Kavanaugh A, Ogdie A, Wells AF, Bergman M, Gladman DD, Richter S, Teng L, Jardon S, Smolen JS. Baseline Disease Activity Predicts Achievement of cDAPSA Treatment Targets With Apremilast: Phase III Results in DMARD-naïve Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2022; 49:694-699. [PMID: 35428720 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The probability of achieving Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (cDAPSA) treatment targets (remission [REM], low disease activity [LDA]) was evaluated following apremilast monotherapy in disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) based on baseline disease activity. METHODS This post hoc probability analysis of PALACE 4, a phase III, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study, evaluated shifting across cDAPSA categories from baseline to week 52 and included DMARD-naïve patients receiving apremilast 30 mg BID with available baseline cDAPSA data. Changes in articular/extraarticular manifestations were evaluated in patients with week 52 cDAPSA components. cDAPSA treatment target achievement was assessed in a subgroup with baseline extraarticular PsA manifestations (skin involvement, enthesitis, dactylitis). RESULTS Of 175 apremilast-treated patients in the probability analysis, 66.3% were in high disease activity (HDA) and 31.4% in moderate disease activity (ModDA) at baseline. Approximately twice as many patients in ModDA at baseline reached REM/LDA at week 52 vs those in HDA (61.7% vs 28.2%). Achieving cDAPSA treatment targets was associated with reductions in articular (swollen/tender joints) and extraarticular (skin involvement, enthesitis, dactylitis, functional disability) disease activity. Similar treatment target achievement rates were observed in the subgroup with ≥ 1 extraarticular PsA manifestation (n = 126; ModDA: 66.7%, HDA: 32.2%). CONCLUSION Apremilast-treated patients with baseline ModDA had higher probability of achieving cDAPSA treatment targets than patients with HDA. Resolution and/or near resolution of articular and/or extraarticular PsA manifestations was achieved by patients in REM/LDA at week 52. Consistent treatment target achievement was observed in patients with 1 or multiple extraarticular manifestations of active PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Mease
- P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center/Providence St.Joseph Health and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- A. Kavanaugh, MD, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexis Ogdie
- A. Ogdie, MD, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alvin F Wells
- A.F. Wells, MD, PhD, Aurora Rheumatology and Immunotherapy Center, Franklin, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Martin Bergman
- M. Bergman, MD, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- D.D. Gladman, MD, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sven Richter
- S. Richter, MD, L. Teng, PhD, S.Jardon, PharmD, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Lichen Teng
- S. Richter, MD, L. Teng, PhD, S.Jardon, PharmD, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Shauna Jardon
- S. Richter, MD, L. Teng, PhD, S.Jardon, PharmD, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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14
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Nieuwenhuijse EA, Struijs JN, Sutch SP, Numans ME, Vos RC. Achieving diabetes treatment targets in people with registered mental illness is similar or improved compared with those without: Analyses of linked observational datasets. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14835. [PMID: 35342984 PMCID: PMC9325400 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the association between registered mental illness and type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment targets, while taking into account the effects of health expenditure and social determinants of health. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study was based on routine primary care data, linked to socio-economic and medical claims data. The main outcomes, analysed by multivariate logistic regression, were achieving primary care guideline treatment targets for HbA1c , systolic blood pressure (SBP) and LDL-cholesterol in 2017. We examined the association with diagnosed mental illness registered by the general practitioner (GP) or treated via specialist' mental healthcare between 2016 and 2018, adjusting for, medication use, body mass index, co-morbidity, smoking, and additionally examining effect-modification of healthcare expenditures, migration status, income and demographics. RESULTS Overall (N = 2862), 64.0% of participants achieved their treatment targets for HbA1c , 65.1% for SBP and 53.0% for LDL-cholesterol. Adjusted for migrant background, income and care expenditures, individuals <65 years of age with mental illness achieved their HbA1c treatment target more often than those without (OR (95% CI)): treatment by GP: 1.46 (1.01, 2.11), specialist care: 1.61 (1.11, 2.34), as did men with mental illness for SBP: GP OR 1.61 (1.09, 2.40), specialist care OR 1.59 (1.09, 2.45). LDL-cholesterol target was not associated with mental illness. A migrant background or low income lowered the likelihood of reaching HbA1c targets. CONCLUSIONS People with registered mental illness appear comparable or better able to achieve diabetes treatment targets than those without. Achieving HbA1c targets is influenced by social disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Nieuwenhuijse
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareLUMC‐Campus The HagueLeiden University Medical CentreThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen N. Struijs
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareLUMC‐Campus The HagueLeiden University Medical CentreThe HagueThe Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephen P. Sutch
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareLUMC‐Campus The HagueLeiden University Medical CentreThe HagueThe Netherlands
- Health Policy and ManagementJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mattijs. E. Numans
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareLUMC‐Campus The HagueLeiden University Medical CentreThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Rimke C. Vos
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareLUMC‐Campus The HagueLeiden University Medical CentreThe HagueThe Netherlands
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Yang G, Zhang Y, Lin H, Liu J, Huang S, Zhong W, Peng C, Du L. CircRNA circ_0023984 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-134-5p/cystatin-s axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10578-10593. [PMID: 35440286 PMCID: PMC9161969 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that circRNAs can act as oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs). The upregulation of circ_0023984 was reported in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its functional role in ESCC remain unclear. In the present study, circ_0023984 expression in ESCC cells and tissues were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). Subcellular fraction experiment was performed to determine relative nuclear-cytoplasmic localization. The loss-of-function effects of circ_0023984 in ESCC cell lines were investigated by shRNA-mediated knockdown. Functional assays including cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation, colony formation and Transwell migration assays were conducted to assess the malignant phenotype. The interaction between the two molecules was analyzed by RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice was used to assess the role of circ-0023984 in tumorigenesis. We found that ESCC patients with high circ_0023984 expression was associated with a poor prognosis. The knockdown of circ_0023984 suppressed cell growth, invasion, and migration in ESCC cells. Circ_0023984 interacted with miR-134-5p and inhibited its activity, which promoted the expression of CST4 (Cystatin-S). Circ_0023984 also regulated tumorigenesis in a CST4-dependent manner. Together, our study indicates that the oncogenic role of Circ_0023984 is mediated by miR-134-5p/CST4 Axis in ESCC, which could serve as potential targets for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Neijiang Second People's Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Neijiang, P.R, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China Neijiang
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China Neijiang
| | - Hongni Lin
- Scientific research department, Sichuan Neijiang Health Vocational College, China Neijiang
| | - Jinnbo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China Neijiang
| | - Shengjie Huang
- Scientific research department, Sichuan Neijiang Health Vocational College, China Neijiang
| | - Wei Zhong
- Nuclear medicine department, Affiliated Neijiang Second People's Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Neijiang, P.R, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of intestine surgery, Affiliated Neijiang Second People's Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Neijiang, P.R, China
| | - Lin Du
- Scientific research department, Sichuan Neijiang Health Vocational College, China Neijiang
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16
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Zhang S, Jiang M, Yan S, Liang M, Wang W, Yuan B, Xu Q. Network Pharmacology-Based and Experimental Identification of the Effects of Paeoniflorin on Major Depressive Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:793012. [PMID: 35185541 PMCID: PMC8847686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.793012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, the diagnosis and treatment of MDD are major clinical issues. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers and drugs diagnosis and therapeutics of MDD. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis combined with an experimental verification strategy was used to identify biomarkers and paeoniflorin targets for MDD diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Based on network pharmacology, we obtained potential targets and pathways of paeoniflorin as an antidepressant through multiple databases. We then constructed a protein-protein interaction network and performed enrichment analyses. According to the results, we performed in vivo and in vitro experimental validation. Results: The results showed that paeoniflorin may exert an antidepressant effect by regulating cell inflammation, synaptic function, NF-κB signaling pathway, and intestinal inflammation. Conclusion: NPM1, HSPA8, HSPA5, HNRNPU, and TNF are the targets of paeoniflorin treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that paeoniflorin inhibits inflammatory cytokine production via the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway and has neuroprotective effects on the synaptic structure. Our findings provide valuable evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchen Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxia Yan
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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17
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Kamareddine L. Editorial: Unconventional Animal Models in Infectious Disease Research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:762581. [PMID: 34765569 PMCID: PMC8576175 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.762581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Belch JJF, Brodmann M, Baumgartner I, Binder CJ, Casula M, Heiss C, Kahan T, Parini P, Poredos P, Catapano AL, Tokgözoğlu L. Lipid-lowering and anti-thrombotic therapy in patients with peripheral arterial disease. VASA 2021; 50:401-411. [PMID: 34743585 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at very high risk of cardiovascular events, but risk factor management is usually suboptimal. This Joint Task Force from the European Atherosclerosis Society and the European Society of Vascular Medicine has updated evidence on the management on dyslipidaemia and thrombotic factors in patients with PAD. Guidelines recommend a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) goal of more than 50% reduction from baseline and <1.4 mmol/L (<55 mg/dL) in PAD patients. As demonstrated by randomized controlled trials, lowering LDL-C not only reduces cardiovascular events but also major adverse limb events (MALE), including amputations, of the order of 25%. Addition of ezetimibe or a PCSK9 inhibitor further decreases the risk of cardiovascular events, and PCSK9 inhibition has also been associated with reduction in the risk of MALE by up to 40%. Furthermore, statin- based treatment improved walking performance, including maximum walking distance, and pain-free walking distance and duration. This Task Force recommends strategies for managing statin-associated muscle symptoms to ensure that PAD patients benefit from lipid-lowering therapy. Antiplatelet therapy, either daily clopidogrel 75 mg or the combination of aspirin 100 mg and rivaroxaban (2×2.5 mg) is also indicated to prevent cardiovascular events. Dual pathway inhibition (aspirin and rivaroxaban) may be considered following revascularization, taking into account bleeding risk. This Joint Task Force believes that adherence with these recommendations for lipid-lowering and antithrombotic therapy will improve the morbidity and mortality in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill J F Belch
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Iris Baumgartner
- Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Division of Angiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Casula
- Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK
| | - Thomas Kahan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Poredos
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lale Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental animal studies have revealed mechanisms that link cortical spreading depression (CSD) to the trigeminal activation mediating lateralized headache. However, conventional CSD as seen in lissencephalic brain is insufficient to explain some clinical features of aura and migraine headache. AREAS COVERED The importance of CSD in headache development including dysfunction of the thalamocortical network, neuroinflammation, calcitonin gene-related peptide, transgenic models, and the role of CSD in migraine triggers, treatment options, neuromodulation and future directions are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The conventional understanding of CSD marching across the hemisphere is invalid in gyrencephalic brains. Thalamocortical dysfunction and interruption of functional cortical network systems by CSD, may provide alternative explanations for clinical manifestations of migraine phases including aura. Not all drugs showing CSD blocking properties in lissencephalic brains, have efficacy in migraine headache and monoclonal antibodies against CGRP ligand/receptors which are effective in migraine treatment, have no impact on aura in humans or CSD properties in rodents. Functional networks and molecular mechanisms mediating and amplifying the effects of limited CSD in migraine brain remain to be investigated to define new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Vuralli
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Karatas
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey.,Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Yemisci
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey.,Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Bolay
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
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Zouboulis CC, Frew JW, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Jemec GBE, Del Marmol V, Marzano AV, Nikolakis G, Sayed CJ, Tzellos T, Wolk K, Prens EP. Target molecules for future hidradenitis suppurativa treatment. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30 Suppl 1:8-17. [PMID: 34085329 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The registration of the tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor adalimumab in 2015 was a major step forward in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS). However, it soon became evident that the effectiveness of adalimumab in daily practice was highly variable. A significant unmet medical need of HS patients remained, and the search for novel therapeutic targets was intensified. During the 10th European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (EHSF) e.V. Conference, reknown international HS investigators virtually presented and discussed the published data on these potential target molecules for future HS treatment. This article addresses the most promising molecules currently under investigation from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view. With phase III trials ongoing, the anti- interleukin (IL)-17 biologics bimekizumab and secukinumab are in the most advanced stage of clinical development showing promising results. In addition, targeting IL-1α with bermekimab has shown encouraging results in two clinical trials. Directing treatment at neutrophil recruitment and activation by targeting IL-36 with spesolimab fits well in the pathogenic concept of HS and clinical phase II trial results are pending. In contrast to in situ evidence, Complement 5a (C5a) and C5a receptor blockade have only shown greater clinical benefit in patients with severe HS. Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 signalling in HS showed clinical efficacy only in the highest dosage, highlighting that careful surveillance of the balance between safety and efficacy of JAK inhibition is warranted. Overall, clinical efficacies of all novel treatments reported so far are modest. To guide drug development, more and better-defined translational data on the pathogenesis of this severe and enigmatic inflammatory skin disease are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - John W Frew
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregor B E Jemec
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Del Marmol
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Angelo V Marzano
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Christopher J Sayed
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thrasyvoulos Tzellos
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, NLSH University Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Institute of Medical Immunology/Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Errol P Prens
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Nightingale J, Lum B, Ladwa R, Simpson F, Panizza B. Adenoid cystic carcinoma: a review of clinical features, treatment targets and advances in improving the immune response to monoclonal antibody therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188523. [PMID: 33600823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is relentless, defined by treatment failure heralded by locoregional recurrence and distant metastatic disease. In this review, we present an update of clinical features, molecular classification, current targeted therapies, immune landscapes and novel treatment targets with their respective clinical trials. The presented results are defined by a lack of overall response rate and limited progression free survival, with restriction to stable disease. In addition, ACC is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition due to low tumour immunogenicity and lack of PD-L1 expression. Here we present a new prospective research paradigm for ACC, including the potential to target prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the potential for manipulation of target receptors in the clinic. The presentation of this review aims to promote future research to improve response rates and outcomes for therapeutics undergoing clinical trial in ACC.
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Qi P, Li J, Gao S, Yuan Y, Sun Y, Liu N, Li Y, Wang G, Chen L, Shi J. Network Pharmacology-Based and Experimental Identification of the Effects of Quercetin on Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:589588. [PMID: 33192484 PMCID: PMC7645061 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.589588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative brain disorders inducing nearly half of dementia cases, and the diagnosis and treatment of AD are the primary issues clinically. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers and drugs for AD diagnosis and therapeutics so far. In this study, bioinformatics analysis combined with an experimental verification strategy was used to identify the biomarkers and the quercetin targets for AD diagnosis and treatment. First, differentially expressed genes in the AD brain were identified by microarray data analysis. Second, quercetin, a predominant flavonoid, was used to screen the target genes. Third, the drug–disease network was determined, and the target genes of quercetin treatment were obtained in AD-related HT-22 cell-based assay. Six genes, including MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, DAPK1, MAPK1, and CYCS, were validated by the system pharmacology analysis in the hippocampus samples of AD patients. The results suggested that MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, and DAPK1 were significantly increased, but MAPK1 and CYCS were significantly decreased in HT-22 cells after Aβ1-42 treatment. Moreover, MAPK1 and CYCS were markedly increased, but MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, and DAPK1 were markedly decreased after quercetin treatment in these HT-22 cells. Altogether, MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, DAPK1, MAPK1, and CYCS are all the biomarkers for AD diagnosis and the targets of quercetin treatment, and our findings may provide valuable biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichao Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yirong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Yindi Sun
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Jangi S, Yoon H, Dulai PS, Valasek M, Boland B, Jairath V, Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ, Singh S. Predictors and outcomes of histological remission in ulcerative colitis treated to endoscopic healing. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1008-1016. [PMID: 33119168 PMCID: PMC8965793 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical remission is the recommended treatment target in ulcerative colitis. The predictors and outcomes of achieving histologic remission within a treat-to-target paradigm are not well established. AIM To evaluate the predictors and outcomes of achieving histologic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis treated-to-target of endoscopic healing (modified Mayo endoscopy score 0 or 1). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in adults with active ulcerative colitis (modified Mayo endoscopy score 2 or 3), whose treatment was iteratively optimised to achieve endoscopic healing. We identified predictors of achieving histologic remission, and outcomes (risk of symptomatic relapse, and ulcerative colitis-related hospitalisation and/or surgery) of achieving histologic remission vs persistent histologic activity, using Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS Of the 411 patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis, 270 achieved endoscopic healing. Of the 270 patients, 55% simultaneously achieved histologic remission. Depth of endoscopic healing at final endoscopic assessment was the only independent determinant of histologic remission (modified Mayo endoscopy score 0 vs 1: odds ratio, 0.31 [95% confidence intervals, 0.18-0.52]). Over 28 months, achieving histologic remission was associated with a lower risk of clinical relapse (1-year cumulative risk: 18.7% vs 29.5%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.56 [0.37-0.85]), and lower risk of hospitalisation (hazard ratio, 0.44 [0.20-0.94]). The incremental benefit of achieving histologic remission was observed only in patients achieving Mayo endoscopy score 1, but not Mayo endoscopy score 0. CONCLUSIONS In patients with active ulcerative colitis treated-to-target of endoscopic healing, 55% simultaneously achieved histologic remission. Histologic remission, particularly in patients achieving modified Mayo endoscopy score 1, was associated with favourable outcomes. Treating to a target of histologic remission over endoscopic healing requires prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Jangi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Parambir S. Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Mark Valasek
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Brigid Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | | | | | - William J. Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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Rosada A, Kassner U, Weidemann F, König M, Buchmann N, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Spira D. Hyperlipidemias in elderly patients: results from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASEII), a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:92. [PMID: 32410691 PMCID: PMC7227351 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemias are common and the last decades have seen substantially growing evidence of their causative role in the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Since hyperlipidemias usually do not cause direct clinical symptoms, they often remain undiagnosed until a serious cardiovascular event occurs. Especially for LDL-hypercholesteremia, there are well-established treatment options available to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the proper treatment of elderly patients. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in a group of young and a group of elderly community-dwelling participants and to determine to what extent treatment of hyperlipidemia should be initiated or required. METHODS Crossectional data from a total of 2151 subjects (1657 in the elderly group, mean age 69, and 494 in the young group (control group), mean age 29) of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) were available. Medical history was assessed and recorded by trained physicians and prevalence of lipid disorders was determined with laboratory tests, including a lipid-profile. RESULTS A large proportion of subjects (39%) were unaware of an existing lipid disorder. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was more frequent in the elderly group (76%) compared to the young group (41%). Hypercholesterolemia was the most common diagnosed disorder (64%), followed by hyperlipoproteinemia(a) (18%), hypertriglyceridemia (7%) and combined hyperlipoproteinaemia (5%). Only a minority of this cohort was treated with lipid-lowering medication (17%) and of those treatment targets according to ESC guidelines were reached only in 16.5 %. CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemias appear underdiagnosed and undertreated. As the prevalence of these disorders increases with age and with regard to their role as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease it seems to be advisable to aim for more consistent and sustainable screening and treatment of these common disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION BASE-II registered with the clinical trial registry Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS00009277).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rosada
- Department of Geriatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kassner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Lipid Metabolism), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Weidemann
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian König
- Department of Geriatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Buchmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Lipid Metabolism), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Spira
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Lipid Metabolism), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Haskovic M, Coelho AI, Bierau J, Vanoevelen JM, Steinbusch LKM, Zimmermann LJI, Villamor‐Martinez E, Berry GT, Rubio‐Gozalbo ME. Pathophysiology and targets for treatment in hereditary galactosemia: A systematic review of animal and cellular models. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:392-408. [PMID: 31808946 PMCID: PMC7317974 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first description of galactosemia in 1908 and despite decades of research, the pathophysiology is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Galactosemia is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by deficient activity of any of the galactose metabolising enzymes. The current standard of care, a galactose-restricted diet, fails to prevent long-term complications. Studies in cellular and animal models in the past decades have led to an enormous progress and advancement of knowledge. Summarising current evidence in the pathophysiology underlying hereditary galactosemia may contribute to the identification of treatment targets for alternative therapies that may successfully prevent long-term complications. A systematic review of cellular and animal studies reporting on disease complications (clinical signs and/or biochemical findings) and/or treatment targets in hereditary galactosemia was performed. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched, 46 original articles were included. Results revealed that Gal-1-P is not the sole pathophysiological agent responsible for the phenotype observed in galactosemia. Other currently described contributing factors include accumulation of galactose metabolites, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-hexose alterations and subsequent impaired glycosylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, altered signalling pathways, and oxidative stress. galactokinase (GALK) inhibitors, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) up-regulation, uridine supplementation, ER stress reducers, antioxidants and pharmacological chaperones have been studied, showing rescue of biochemical and/or clinical symptoms in galactosemia. Promising co-adjuvant therapies include antioxidant therapy and UGP up-regulation. This systematic review provides an overview of the scattered information resulting from animal and cellular studies performed in the past decades, summarising the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hereditary galactosemia and providing insights on potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minela Haskovic
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- GROW‐School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ana I. Coelho
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- GROW‐School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jo M. Vanoevelen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- GROW‐School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Laura K. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Luc J. I. Zimmermann
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- GROW‐School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Villamor‐Martinez
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- GROW‐School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard T. Berry
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - M. Estela Rubio‐Gozalbo
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- GROW‐School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Böhm A, Vachalcova M, Snopek P, Bacharova L, Komarova D, Hatala R. Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnostic Aspects and Therapeutic Opportunities of Micro Ribonucleic Acids in Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082742. [PMID: 32326592 PMCID: PMC7215603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules responsible for regulation of gene expression. They are involved in many pathophysiological processes of a wide spectrum of diseases. Recent studies showed their involvement in atrial fibrillation. They seem to become potential screening biomarkers for atrial fibrillation and even treatment targets for this arrhythmia. The aim of this review article was to summarize the latest knowledge about miRNA and their molecular relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Böhm
- National Cardiovascular Institute, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Vachalcova
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
- East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Snopek
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
- Cardiology Clinic Faculty Hospital, 950 01 Nitra, Slovakia
- Saint Elisabeth University of Health and Social work, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ljuba Bacharova
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- International Laser Center, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Komarova
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Robert Hatala
- National Cardiovascular Institute, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Weinheimer EA, Chang A, Neubert SW, Wildes JE, Graham AK. Past, current, and future willingness to engage with treatment targets: Applying user-centered design to inform the design of a mobile behavioral intervention. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:611-617. [PMID: 32112592 PMCID: PMC7271441 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE User-centered design can improve engagement with and the potential efficacy of behavioral interventions, but is underutilized in health care. This work demonstrates how design methodologies can inform the design of a mobile behavioral intervention for binge eating and obesity. METHOD A needs assessment was conducted with end-users (N = 22 adults with obesity and recurrent binge eating [≥12 episodes in 3 months] who were interested in losing weight and addressing binge eating), which included assessing participants' past/current and future willingness to engage with 20 treatment targets for managing binge eating and weight. Targets focused on improving dietary intake, increasing physical activity, and reducing overvaluation of weight and/or shape, unhealthy weight control practices, and negative affect. RESULTS Participants' past and current use of targets varied. For all targets except those addressing unhealthy weight control practices, on average, participants had increasing levels of willingness to try targets. Among participants not currently using a target, at least some were willing to use every target again. DISCUSSION Findings inform ways to personalize how users begin treatment. Furthermore, this study exemplifies how user-centered design can inform ways to ensure that digital interventions are designed to meet end-users' needs to improve engagement and clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Chang
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University
| | | | - Jennifer E. Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago
| | - Andrea K. Graham
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University,Address correspondence to Andrea K. Graham, PhD, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611; Phone: 312-503-5266;
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28
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Jacob S. [Prevention of CV complications in DM2 - which targets should be used?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:37-41. [PMID: 31691223 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jacob
- , Brombeerweg 6, D-78048, Villingen-Schwenningen, Deutschland.
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Sanislow CA, Ferrante M, Pacheco J, Rudorfer MV, Morris SE. Advancing Translational Research Using NIMH Research Domain Criteria and Computational Methods. Neuron 2019; 101:779-782. [PMID: 30844398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) can aid in the translation of integrative neuroscience. We argue that the RDoC framework, with its emphasis on integration across units of analysis, leveraged with computational approaches, can organize intermediary treatment targets and clinical outcomes, augmenting the translational stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Sanislow
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michele Ferrante
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Pacheco
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; RDoC Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew V Rudorfer
- Division of Services and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E Morris
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; RDoC Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Sanders K, van Staalduinen GJ, Uijens MCM, Mol JA, Teske E, Slob A, Hesselink JW, Kooistra HS, Galac S. Molecular markers of prognosis in canine cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:545-552. [PMID: 31301217 PMCID: PMC6899893 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypercortisolism is caused by a cortisol‐secreting adrenocortical tumour (ACT) in approximately 15%‐20% of cases in dogs. Little is known about which molecular markers are associated with malignant behaviour of canine ACTs. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers of prognosis, which could be useful to refine prognostic prediction and to identify potential treatment targets. Cortisol‐secreting ACTs were included from 40 dogs, of which follow‐up information was available. The ACTs were classified as low risk of recurrence tumours (LRT; n = 14) or moderate‐high risk of recurrence tumours (MHRT; n = 26), based on the novel histopathological Utrecht score. Normal adrenals (NAs) were included from 11 healthy dogs as reference material. The mRNA expression of 14 candidate genes was analysed in the 40 ACTs and in 11 NAs with quantitative RT‐PCR. The genes' expression levels were statistically compared between NAs, LRTs and MHRTs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association of the genes' expression levels with survival. Seven genes were differentially expressed between NAs and ACTs, of which pituitary tumour‐transforming gene‐1 (PTTG1) and topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) were also differentially expressed between LRTs and MHRTs. In survival analyses, high expression levels of Steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1), PTTG1 and TOP2A were significantly associated with poor survival. In conclusion, we have identified several genes that are part of the molecular signature of malignancy in canine ACTs. These findings can be used to refine prognostic prediction, but also offer insights for future studies on druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sanders
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjanne J van Staalduinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten C M Uijens
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adri Slob
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Hesselink
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans S Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Ayoade GO, Kuti MA. Defining apolipoprotein B treatment targets. Niger J Clin Pract 2019; 22:355-360. [PMID: 30837423 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_348_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein B (apo B) has been widely reported to be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This is the reason apo B treatment target values based on the equivalence to LDL-C values in healthy population has been advocated using percentiles from population studies. The aim of this study was to determine the apo B values equivalent to currently used medical decision targets for LDL-C concentration in a population of healthy Nigerians and examine for any demographic influence. Materials and Methods A total of 252 apparently healthy individuals (89 males, 163 females), between the ages of 30 and 65 years were selected from core health workers (medical and nursing staffs) of University College Hospital Ibadan between December 2015 and May 2016. Serum lipids and apo B were measured using enzymatic and immunoturbidimetry method, respectively. Results The mean apo B of the study population were 94 and 98 mg/dL in men and women, respectively. Mean apo B concentration was significantly higher in the female participants in the age groups above 55 years. LDL-C concentrations of 100, 130, 160, and 190 mg/dL corresponded to the 15th, 55th, 87th, and 95th percentile, respectively. The corresponding apo B concentrations were 73 mg/dL (15th percentile), 95 mg/dL (55th percentile), 124 mg/dL (87th percentile), and 145 mg/dL (95th percentile). The group of participants with LDL-C of <130 mg/dL and the group with equivalent apo B of <95 mg/dL has the same clinical and biochemical characteristics in both men and women. Conclusion This study has defined apo B targets that may potentially be used to guide the initiation of therapy in persons with dyslipidemia. It has also demonstrated the population level relationship that exists between apo B and LDL-cholesterol and has shown the gender and age-related influence of apo B distribution in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Ayoade
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M A Kuti
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
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Skinner TC, Lange KS, Hoey H, Mortensen HB, Aanstoot HJ, Castaňo L, Skovlund S, Swift PG, Cameron FJ, Dorchy HR, Palmert MR, Kaprio E, Robert JJ, Danne T, Neu A, Shalitin S, Chiarelli F, Chiari G, Urakami T, Njølstad PR, Jarosz-Chobot PK, Roche EF, Castro-Correia CG, Kocova M, Åman J, Schönle E, Barrett TG, Fisher L, de Beaufort CE. Targets and teamwork: Understanding differences in pediatric diabetes centers treatment outcomes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:559-565. [PMID: 29159931 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reason for center differences in metabolic control of childhood diabetes is still unknown. We sought to determine to what extent the targets, expectations, and goals that diabetes care professionals have for their patients is a determinant of center differences in metabolic outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children, under the age of 11 with type 1 diabetes and their parents treated at the study centers participated. Clinical, medical, and demographic data were obtained, along with blood sample for centralized assay. Parents and all members of the diabetes care team completed questionnaires on treatment targets for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and recommended frequency of blood glucose monitoring. RESULTS Totally 1113 (53% male) children (mean age 8.0 ± 2.1 years) from 18 centers in 17 countries, along with parents and 113 health-care professionals, participated. There were substantial differences in mean HbA1c between centers ranging from 7.3 ± 0.8% (53 mmol/mol ± 8.7) to 8.9 ± 1.1% (74 mmol/mol ± 12.0). Centers with lower mean HbA1c had (1) parents who reported lower targets for their children, (2) health-care professionals that reported lower targets and more frequent testing, and (3) teams with less disagreement about recommended targets. Multiple regression analysis indicated that teams reporting higher HbA1c targets and more target disagreement had parents reporting higher treatment targets. This seemed to partially account for center differences in Hb1Ac. CONCLUSIONS The diabetes care teams' cohesiveness and perspectives on treatment targets, expectations, and recommendations have an influence on parental targets, contributing to the differences in pediatric diabetes center outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Skinner
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Karin S Lange
- Medizinische Hochschule, Medical Psychology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hilary Hoey
- Department of Paediatrics Trinity College, National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henrik B Mortensen
- Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henk-Jan Aanstoot
- Diabeter, Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Castaňo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital de Cruces, Spain
| | | | - Peter Gf Swift
- Children's Hospital, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Harry R Dorchy
- Diabetology Clinic, University Children's Hospital Queen Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eero Kaprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Peijas Hospital, Vantaa, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Danne
- Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Neu
- University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tatsuhiko Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Edna F Roche
- Department of Paediatrics Trinity College, National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mirjana Kocova
- University Paediatric Clinic, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Jan Åman
- Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Timothy G Barrett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lynda Fisher
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
Cluster headache is a severe headache disorder with considerable impact on quality of life. The pathophysiology of the disease remains poorly understood. With few specific targets for treatment, current guidelines mainly include off-label treatment with medication. However, new targets for possible treatment options are emerging. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-targeted medication could become the first (cluster) headache-specific treatment option. Other exciting new treatment options include invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques. Here, we provide a short overview of new targets and treatment options that are being investigated for cluster headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Doesborg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joost Haan
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Leiderdorp, Netherlands
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Abstract
Systolic hypertension, especially isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is very common in older subjects aged ≥ 65 years and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), strokes, heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is also, directly and linearly related with these complications irrespective of sex, or ethnicity, but it is worse with the advancement of age. Effective control of systolic blood pressure (SBP), is associated with significant reduction in the incidence of these complications. Currently, there is a debate about the optimal SBP control in view of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) showing beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects of intensive SBP of < 120 mmHg in older patients. Also, the recently released blood pressure (BP) guidelines by the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association and the American Society of Hypertension (ACC/AHA/ASH) recommend a SBP reduction of < 130 mmHg. These SBP treatment recommendations are in contrast with the current (JNC VIII) committee of BP treatment guidelines, which recommend a SBP reduction < 150 mmHg for the same age of patients. All these different recommendations have created a debate regarding the optimal treatment targets for the systolic hypertension of the elderly patients. To gain more information a focused Medline search was conducted from 2010 to 2017 using the terms, systolic blood pressure, aggressive control, older subjects, treatment guidelines, and 37 pertinent papers were retrieved. The findings from these studies suggest a SBP reduction of < 140 mm Hg for persons aged ≥ 60 years, with an attempt for SBP reduction to ≤130 mm Hg in healthier subjects and hose with CVD, DM, and CKD. Care should be taken not to further reduce the SBP in older subjects if their DBP is ≤60 mmHg for the fear of J-curve effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Chrysant
- a Department of Cardiology , University of Oklahoma College of Medicine , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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Den Ouden H, Vos RC, Rutten GEHM. Effectiveness of shared goal setting and decision making to achieve treatment targets in type 2 diabetes patients: A cluster-randomized trial (OPTIMAL). Health Expect 2017; 20:1172-1180. [PMID: 28544171 PMCID: PMC5600211 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective About 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes achieve all their treatment targets. Shared decision making (SDM) using a support aid based on the 5‐years results of the ADDITION study on multifactorial treatment, could increase this proportion. Research design and methods Cluster‐randomized trial in 35 former ADDITION primary care practices. Practices were randomized to SDM or care as usual (1:1). Both ADDITION and non‐ADDITION type 2 diabetes patients, 60‐80 years, known with diabetes for 8‐12 years, were included. In the intervention group, patients were presented evidence about the relationship between treatment intensity and cardiovascular events. They chose intensive or less intensive treatment and prioritized their targets. After 1 year priorities could be rearranged. Follow‐up: 24 months. Intention‐to‐treat analysis. Main outcome measure: proportion of patients that achieved all three treatment targets. Results At baseline 26.4% in the SDM group (n=72) had already achieved all three treatment goals (CG: 23.5%, n=81). In the SDM group 44 patients chose intensive treatment, 25 continued their former less intensive treatment and three people switched from the more to the less intensive protocol. After 24 months 31.8% of the patients in the SDM group achieved all three treatment targets (CG: 25.3%), RR 1.26 (95% CI 0.81‐1.95). Mean systolic blood pressure decreased in the SDM group (−5.4 mm Hg, P<.01), mean HbA1c and total cholesterol did not change. Conclusions Despite an already high baseline level of diabetes care, we found strong indications that SDM on both intensity of treatment and prioritizing treatment goals further improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Den Ouden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rimke C Vos
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy E H M Rutten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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van Dam PA, van Dam PJHH, Rolfo C, Giallombardo M, van Berckelaer C, Trinh XB, Altintas S, Huizing M, Papadimitriou K, Tjalma WAA, van Laere S. In silico pathway analysis in cervical carcinoma reveals potential new targets for treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2780-95. [PMID: 26701206 PMCID: PMC4823071 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An in silico pathway analysis was performed in order to improve current knowledge on the molecular drivers of cervical cancer and detect potential targets for treatment. Three publicly available Affymetrix gene expression data-sets (GSE5787, GSE7803, GSE9750) were retrieved, vouching for a total of 9 cervical cancer cell lines (CCCLs), 39 normal cervical samples, 7 CIN3 samples and 111 cervical cancer samples (CCSs). Predication analysis of microarrays was performed in the Affymetrix sets to identify cervical cancer biomarkers. To select cancer cell-specific genes the CCSs were compared to the CCCLs. Validated genes were submitted to a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Expression2Kinases (E2K). In the CCSs a total of 1,547 probe sets were identified that were overexpressed (FDR < 0.1). Comparing to CCCLs 560 probe sets (481 unique genes) had a cancer cell-specific expression profile, and 315 of these genes (65%) were validated. GSEA identified 5 cancer hallmarks enriched in CCSs (P < 0.01 and FDR < 0.25) showing that deregulation of the cell cycle is a major component of cervical cancer biology. E2K identified a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of 162 nodes (including 20 drugable kinases) and 1626 edges. This PPI-network consists of 5 signaling modules associated with MYC signaling (Module 1), cell cycle deregulation (Module 2), TGFβ-signaling (Module 3), MAPK signaling (Module 4) and chromatin modeling (Module 5). Potential targets for treatment which could be identified were CDK1, CDK2, ABL1, ATM, AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK3 among others. The present study identified important driver pathways in cervical carcinogenesis which should be assessed for their potential therapeutic drugability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A van Dam
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan H H van Dam
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Edegem, Belgium.,Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp UZA, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marco Giallombardo
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp UZA, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christophe van Berckelaer
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sevilay Altintas
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Manon Huizing
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Wiebren A A Tjalma
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven van Laere
- Antwerp University Hospital, Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
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37
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Moses RG, Wong VCK, Lambert K, Morris GJ. Fasting target for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 56:530-531. [PMID: 27144374 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the fasting plasma glucose of healthy women may assist in the setting of treatment targets for women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP). This study examines the pregnancy glucose tolerance test results of 3344 women without HIP collected over a three-year period. The median fasting plasma glucose was 4.4 mmol/L with an interquartile range of 4.2-4.6 mmol/L and a 5th to 95th centile of 3.8-4.9 mmol/L. As the diagnostic fasting glucose level for HIP is ≥5.1 mmol/L, these data support a treatment target of ≤5.0 mmol/L.
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38
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Schwartz CL, McManus RJ. What is the evidence base for diagnosing hypertension and for subsequent blood pressure treatment targets in the prevention of cardiovascular disease? BMC Med 2015; 13:256. [PMID: 26456709 PMCID: PMC4601133 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing and treating hypertension plays an important role in minimising the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Early and accurate diagnosis of hypertension, as well as regular monitoring, is essential to meet treatment targets. In this article, current recommendations for the screening and diagnosis of hypertension are reviewed. The evidence for treatment targets specified in contemporary guidelines is evaluated and recommendations from the USA, Canada, Europe and the UK are compared. Finally, consideration is given as to how diagnosis and management of hypertension might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Schwartz
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) National School for Primary Care Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Richard J McManus
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) National School for Primary Care Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
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39
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Abstract
In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent evidences suggest that lncRNAs play a very important role in digestive system carcinomas. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in the vast majority of digestive system carcinomas remains unclear. Recently, increasing studies has begun to explore their molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks that they are implicated in tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional role of lncRNAs in digestive system carcinomas. It is becoming clear that lncRNAs will be exciting and potentially useful for diagnosis and treatment of digestive system carcinomas, some of these lncRNAs might function as both diagnostic markers and the treatment targets of digestive system carcinomas.
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40
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Coghill D. Editorial perspective: Laying the foundations for next generation models of ADHD neuropsychology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:1215-7. [PMID: 25306852 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The JCPP has just published a virtual issue focusing specifically on the journal's contribution to progress in the field of ADHD neuropsychology over last 30 years and its role in establishing the foundations of next generation ADHD neuropsychology models. The virtual issue is structured around six themes. Here we provide a précis of the issue summarizing these themes and illustrating each with a reference to an influential paper published over the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, Institute for Disorders of Impulse & Attention, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Andersson C, Vasan RS. Lower is not always better? Blood pressure treatment targets revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:598-600. [PMID: 25104530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andersson
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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42
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex, heterogeneous disorders caused by an interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. In an effort to better target the underlying roots of ASD for diagnosis and treatment, efforts to identify reliable biomarkers in genetics, neuroimaging, gene expression, and measures of the body's metabolism are growing. For this article, we review the published studies of potential biomarkers in autism and conclude that while there is increasing promise of finding biomarkers that can help us target treatment, there are none with enough evidence to support routine clinical use unless medical illness is suspected. Promising biomarkers include those for mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and immune function. Genetic clusters are also suggesting the potential for useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan R Downs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Felicia Widjaja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Brittany Lawton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Robert L Hendren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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