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Xi M, Zhu J, Zhang F, Shen H, Chen J, Xiao Z, Huangfu Y, Wu C, Sun H, Xia G. Antibody-drug conjugates for targeted cancer therapy: Recent advances in potential payloads. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116709. [PMID: 39068862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising cancer therapy modality which specifically delivers highly toxic payloads to cancer cells through antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To date, 15 ADCs have been approved and more than 100 ADC candidates have advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Among these ADCs, microtubule-targeting and DNA-damaging agents are at the forefront of payload development. However, several challenges including toxicity and drug resistance limit the potential of this modality. To tackle these issues, multiple innovative payloads such as immunomodulators and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are incorporated into ADCs to enable multimodal cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanism of ADCs, highlight the importance of ADC payloads and summarize recent progresses of conventional and unconventional ADC payloads, trying to provide an insight into payload diversification as a key step in future ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Xi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Hualiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yanping Huangfu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Gang Xia
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
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Lacey K, Greener MR, Marak TR, Rakha EA, Green AR, Ellis IO, Martin SG, Storr SJ. Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Tumour Expression and Association with Clinical Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3206. [PMID: 39335176 PMCID: PMC11430626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), originally known as colon carcinoma kinase (CCK4), is an evolutionary conserved, catalytically defective transmembrane receptor involved in Wnt signalling. PTK7 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target, and a PTK7 antibody drug conjugate (PF-06647020; cofetuzumab pelidotin) has been investigated in phase I clinical trials for triple-negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. PTK7 protein expression was evaluated in 1136 early-stage invasive breast tumours by immunohistochemistry. In addition, PTK7 mRNA expression in the METABRIC (n = 1980) and the TCGA breast cancer cohorts (n = 1082) was evaluated. Associations between PTK7 expression and clinicopathological criteria and patient outcome were determined. No association between PTK7 protein expression and breast cancer-specific survival was observed; however, PTK7 mRNA expression in the METABRIC cohort was associated with breast cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001). PTK7 protein and mRNA expression were associated with breast cancer-specific survival of patients with a poor prognostic Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and a moderate prognostic NPI, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that PTK7 expression is associated with patient outcome in subgroups of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lacey
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Megan R Greener
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tangkam R Marak
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Gabison EE, Rousseau A, Labetoulle M, Gazzah A, Besse B. Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates used in cancer: Focus on pathophysiology and management strategies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 103:101302. [PMID: 39303762 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to maximize cancer cell death with lower cytotoxicity toward noncancerous cells and are an increasingly valuable option for targeted cancer therapies. However, anticancer treatment with ADCs may be associated with ocular adverse events (AEs) such as dry eye, conjunctivitis, photophobia, blurred vision, and corneal abnormalities. While the pathophysiology of ADC-related ocular AEs has not been fully elucidated, most ocular AEs are attributed to off-target effects. Product labelling for approved ADCs includes drug-specific guidance for dose modification and management of ocular AEs; however, limited data are available regarding effective strategies to minimize and mitigate ocular AEs. Overall, the majority of ocular AEs are reversible through dose modification or supportive care. Eye care providers play key roles in monitoring patients receiving ADC therapy for ocular signs and symptoms to allow for the early detection of ADC-related ocular AEs and to ensure the timely administration of appropriate treatment. Therefore, awareness is needed to help ophthalmologists to identify treatment-related ocular AEs and provide effective management in collaboration with oncologists as part of the patient's cancer care team. This review provides an overview of ocular AEs that may occur with approved and investigational ADC anticancer treatments, including potential underlying mechanisms for ADC-related ocular AEs. It also discusses clinical management practices relevant to ophthalmologists for prevention, monitoring, and management of ADC-related ocular AEs. In collaboration with oncologists, ophthalmologists play a vital role in caring for patients with cancer by assisting with the prompt recognition, mitigation, and management of treatment-related ocular AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Gabison
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares en Ophtalmologie (OPHTARA), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Ophthalmology Department III, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares en Ophtalmologie (OPHTARA), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Ophthalmology Department III, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Paris-Saclay University, Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Ma Y, Liao X, Lu G, Chen X, Qin Y, Yuan A, Wang R, Xie Y, Pu J. Functionalizing Sgc8-Paclitaxel Conjugates with F-Base Modifications: Targeted Drug Delivery with Optimized Cardiac Safety. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400112. [PMID: 38782722 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in cancer treatment have improved patient prognoses, but chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity remains a prevalent concern. This study explores the potential of F-base-modified aptamers for targeted drug delivery, focusing on their impact on cardiotoxicity. From the phosphoramidite, F-base-functionalized Sgc8-F23 was prepared in an automated and programmable way, which was further reacted with paclitaxel (PTX) to give the F-base- modified aptamer Sgc8-paclitaxel conjugates (Sgc8-F23-PTX) efficiently. The conjugate exhibited prolonged circulation time and enhanced efficacy as a precision anticancer drug delivery system. Echocardiographic assessments revealed no exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) and no pathological changes or increased apoptosis in non-infarcted cardiac regions. Autophagy pathway analysis showed no discernible differences in Sgc8-F23-PTX-treated cardiomyocytes compared with controls, in contrast to the increased autophagy with nanoparticle albumin-bound-paclitaxel (Nab-PTX). Similarly, apoptosis analysis showed no significant differences. Moreover, Sgc8-F23-PTX exhibited no inhibitory effect on hERG, hNav1.5, or hCav1.2 channels. These findings suggest the safety and efficacy of F-base-modified Sgc8 aptamers for targeted drug delivery with potential clinical applications. Further research is warranted for clinical translation and exploration of other drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xianying Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guiping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ancai Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruowen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren ji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Li C, Shi K, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhai Q, Hou X, Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Wu X, Fan W. Natural-source payloads used in the conjugated drugs architecture for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107341. [PMID: 39134188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are obtained from tumor-located vectors connected to cytotoxic agents via linkers, which are designed to deliver hyper-toxic payloads directly to targeted cancer cells. These drug conjugates include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), nucleic acid aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and virus-like drug conjugate (VDCs), which show great therapeutic value in the clinic. Drug conjugates consist of a targeting carrier, a linker, and a payload. Payloads are key therapy components. Cytotoxic molecules and their derivatives derived from natural products are commonly used in the payload portion of conjugates. The ideal payload should have sufficient toxicity, stability, coupling sites, and the ability to be released under specific conditions to kill tumor cells. Microtubule protein inhibitors, DNA damage agents, and RNA inhibitors are common cytotoxic molecules. Among these conjugates, cytotoxic molecules of natural origin are summarized based on their mechanism of action, conformational relationships, and the discovery of new derivatives. This paper also mentions some cytotoxic molecules that have the potential to be payloads. It also summarizes the latest technologies and novel conjugates developed in recent years to overcome the shortcomings of ADCs, PDCs, SMDCs, ApDCs, and VDCs. In addition, this paper summarizes the clinical trials conducted on conjugates of these cytotoxic molecules over the last five years. It provides a reference for designing and developing safer and more efficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Kourong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Qiaoli Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China; Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
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Bourang S, Noruzpour M, Jahanbakhsh Godekahriz S, Ebrahimi HAC, Amani A, Asghari Zakaria R, Yaghoubi H. Application of nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment: a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6459-6505. [PMID: 38700795 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The primary or secondary cause of cancer-related mortality for women is breast cancer. The main treatment method for different types of cancer is chemotherapy with drugs. Because of less water solubility of chemotherapy drugs or their inability to pass through membranes, their body absorbs them inadequately, which lowers the treatment's effectiveness. Drug specificity and pharmacokinetics can be changed by nanotechnology using nanoparticles. Instead, targeted drug delivery allows medications to be delivered to the targeted sites. In this review, we focused on nanoparticles as carriers in targeted drug delivery, their characteristics, structure, and the previous studies related to breast cancer. It was shown that nanoparticles could reduce the negative effects of chemotherapy drugs while increasing their effectiveness. Lipid-based nanocarriers demonstrated notable results in this instance, and some products that are undergoing various stages of clinical trials are among the examples. Nanoparticles based on metal or polymers demonstrated a comparable level of efficacy. With the number of cancer cases rising globally, many researchers are now looking into novel treatment approaches, particularly the use of nanotechnology and nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer. In order to help clinicians, this article aimed to gather more information about various areas of nanoparticle application in breast cancer therapy, such as modifying their synthesis and physicochemical characterization. It also sought to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between nanoparticles and biologically normal or infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Bourang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehran Noruzpour
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Godekahriz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ca Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Amin Amani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rasool Asghari Zakaria
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hashem Yaghoubi
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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de Pellegars-Malhortie A, Picque Lasorsa L, Mazard T, Granier F, Prévostel C. Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:949. [PMID: 39065798 PMCID: PMC11279613 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer management. As for most anticancer treatments, a critical limitation to the use of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is their therapeutic index, i.e., the difficulty of combining effective anticancer activity with acceptable toxicity. Protecting healthy tissues from the effects of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is a major issue due to the vital role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of clinical trials on Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, examine their anti-tumor activity and associated adverse events, and explore strategies under development to improve the benefit/risk profile of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriane de Pellegars-Malhortie
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Laurence Picque Lasorsa
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Thibault Mazard
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, ICM, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Corinne Prévostel
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
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Dessaux C, Ganier L, Guiraud L, Borg JP. Recent insights into the therapeutic strategies targeting the pseudokinase PTK7 in cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:1973-1984. [PMID: 38773263 PMCID: PMC11196218 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The generation of drugs counteracting deregulated protein kinases has been a major focus in cancer therapy development. Breakthroughs in this effort have produced many therapeutic agents to the benefit of patients, mostly through the development of chemical or antibody-based drugs targeting active kinases. These strategies are challenged when considering catalytically inactive protein kinases (or pseudokinases), which represent 10% of the human kinome with many of relevance in cancer. Among the so-called pseudotyrosine kinases, the PTK7 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) stands as a bona fide target overexpressed in several solid tumors and hematological malignancies and linked to metastasis, poor prognosis, and resistance to treatment. Despite the lack of catalytic activity, PTK7 has signaling capacities through heterodimerization with active RTKs and offers pharmacological targeting opportunities through its inactive kinase domain. Moreover, PTK7-targeting strategies based on antibody-drug conjugates, aptamers, and CAR-T cell-based therapies have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical and clinical settings. We review the most recent data assigning to PTK7 a prominent role in cancer progression as well as current preclinical and clinical targeting strategies against RTK family pseudokinases including PTK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dessaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ganier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
- adMare BioInnovations, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louis Guiraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Chen B, Liu J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112112. [PMID: 38640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer among women and is considered the most lethal gynecological malignancy on a global scale. The absence of reliable screening techniques, coupled with the insidious onset of nonspecific symptoms, often results in a delayed diagnosis, typically at an advanced stage characterized by peritoneal involvement. Management of advanced tumors typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. However, the therapeutic arsenal for ovarian cancer patients remains limited, highlighting the unmet need for precise, targeted, and sustained-release pharmacological agents. Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) represent a promising novel therapeutic modality that selectively targets specific antigens, demonstrating robust and enduring antitumor responses in numerous patients. CAR T cell therapy has exhibited notable efficacy in hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for its potential in treating various solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Currently, numerous researchers are engaged in the development of novel CAR-T cells designed to target ovarian cancer, with subsequent evaluation of these candidate cells in preclinical studies. Given the ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells to elicit potent and long-lasting anti-tumor effects, this therapeutic approach holds significant promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review article examines the utilization of CAR-T cells in the context of ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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García-Illescas D, Mazzeo R, García-Durán C, Oaknin A. The evolving landscape of antibody-drug conjugates in ovarian cancer: new drugs for a new era. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 36:104-111. [PMID: 38170620 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses the emerging role of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the treatment of ovarian cancer, a field marked by a high need for more effective and targeted therapies. Given the recent advancements in ADC technology and the ongoing challenges in treating ovarian cancer, particularly in late-stage and recurrent cases, this review is both timely and relevant. It synthesizes current research findings and clinical trial data, highlighting the potential of ADCs to revolutionize ovarian cancer treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The review covers key themes including the mechanism of action of ADCs, their specificity in targeting ovarian cancer cells, recent clinical trial outcomes, advancements in ADC design for improved efficacy and reduced toxicity, and strategies to overcome drug resistance in ovarian cancer. It also addresses the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer and the implications for personalized ADC therapies. SUMMARY The review underscores the potential of ADCs to significantly impact clinical practice, offering a more effective and personalized treatment approach for ovarian cancer patients. The review suggests a paradigm shift in the treatment of this malignancy, emphasizing the need for further research and development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Illescas
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Mazzeo
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carmen García-Durán
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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Cherifi F, Da Silva A, Martins-Branco D, Awada A, Nader-Marta G. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of patients with breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:45-59. [PMID: 38214896 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2302460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently three antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for treatment of breast cancer (BC) patient: trastuzumab-emtansine, trastuzumab-deruxtecan and sacituzumab-govitecan. ADC are composed of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting a specific antigen, a cytotoxic payload and a linker. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) distinguish ADC from conventional chemotherapy and must be understood by clinicians. AREAS COVERED Our review delineates the PK/PD profiles of ADC approved for the treatment of BC with insight for future development. This is an expert opinion literature review based on the EMA's Assessment Reports, enriched by a comprehensive literature search performed on Medline in August 2023. EXPERT OPINION All three ADC distributions are described by a two-compartment structure: tissue and serum. Payload concentration peak is immediate but remains at low concentration. The distribution varied for all ADC only with body weight. mAb will be metabolised firstly by the saturable complex formation of ADC/Tumour-Receptor and secondly by binding of FcgRs in immune cells. They are all excreted in the bile and faeces with minimal urine elimination. Dose adjustments, apart from weight, are not recommended. Novel ADC are composed of cleavable linkers with various targets/payloads with the same PK/PD properties, but novel structures of ADC are in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Cherifi
- Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Breast Cancer Unit, CLCC François Baclesse, Institut Normand du Sein, Caen, France
| | - Angélique Da Silva
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Oncology, Caen-Normandy University Hospital, PICARO Cardio-Oncology Program, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France
| | - Diogo Martins-Branco
- Academic Trials Promoting Team (ATPT), Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guilherme Nader-Marta
- Academic Trials Promoting Team (ATPT), Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
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Liu X, Deng J, Zhang R, Xing J, Wu Y, Chen W, Liang B, Xing D, Xu J, Zhang M. The clinical development of antibody-drug conjugates for non-small cell lung cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1335252. [PMID: 38162667 PMCID: PMC10755013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1335252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the emergence of molecular targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors as standard first-line treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their efficacy in some patients is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a revolutionary class of antitumor drugs, have displayed promising clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. In 2022, trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) was approved for treating HER2-mutated NSCLC, thereby underscoring the clinical value of ADCs in NSCLC treatment strategies. An increasing number of ADCs, focusing on NSCLC, are undergoing clinical trials, potentially positioning them as future treatment options. In this review, we encapsulate recent advancements in the clinical research of novel ADCs for treating NSCLC. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and associated limitations of these ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiyao Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
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13
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Ranchon F, Chatelut É, Lambert J, Sesques P, Thibault C, Madelaine I, Rioufol C, Diéras V, Cazin JL. [Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) and bispecific antibodies in oncology - report of the 2022 Saint Louis day]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:1343-1351. [PMID: 37827964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) and bispecific antibodies are booming and were the subject of the scientific event proposed by the French Society of Oncological Pharmacy, October 13, 2022. An ADC is composed of the antibody targeting a receptor expressed on the tumor cell, the spacer making it possible to attach the cytotoxic to the antibody and to control its distribution in the body, and the cytotoxic. Therapeutic antibodies, monoclonal and conjugated, have particular pharmacokinetics. Unlike monoclonal antibodies for which the standard dose is most often fixed, this is expressed in mg/m2 (or mg/kg) and capped at 2m2 (or 100kg) for conjugates. The linked cytotoxics are powerful cytotoxics: mitotic spindle poisons (emtansine, monomethyl auristatin E or vedotin), topoisomerase I inhibitors (deruxtecan, SN 38) or antibiotics (ozogamicin). In senology, trastuzumab deruxtecan (anti-HER2) and sacituzumab govitecan (anti-Trop 2) are now modifying treatment standards for patients with metastatic breast cancer, respectively HER2 3X or HER2 low and triple negative. In metastatic bladder cancer, enfortumab vedotin (anti-nectin 4) is positioned as the 2nd line of treatment. Bispecific antibodies, on the other hand, are able to target two epitopes, an antigen specific to a tumor cell and one to an immune cell, allowing a bridge between the killer immune cells and the tumor cells. For lymphoma proliferation, many bispecific antibodies are in development. The most advanced are glofitamab, epcoritamab and mosunetuzumab, which target the CD20 of B lymphocytes and the CD3 of T lymphocytes. Bispecific antibodies are also emerging in the treatment of myeloma with teclistamab and elranatamab (anti-CD3 and anti-BCMA) or talquetamab (anti-GPRC5D and anti-CD3). Conjugated antibodies, and more recently bispecific antibodies, are potential game changers in cancer treatment and researchs are needed to improve their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Ranchon
- Hospices civils de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Sud, unité de pharmacie clinique oncologique, Pierre-Bénite, France; Université Lyon 1, EA 3738, CICLY centre pour l'innovation en cancérologie de Lyon, 69921 Lyon, Oullins cedex, France; Société française de pharmacie oncologique (SFPO), Paris, France
| | - Étienne Chatelut
- Université Paul Sabatier, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse - Oncopole ; CRCT, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Lambert
- Centre hospitalier de Versailles, service d'hématologie, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Pierre Sesques
- Hospices civils de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Sud, unité d'hématologie clinique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Constance Thibault
- AP-HP, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, institut du cancer Paris CARPEM, centre, service d'oncologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Madelaine
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, pharmacie, Paris, France; Société française de pharmacie oncologique (SFPO), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Rioufol
- Hospices civils de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Sud, unité de pharmacie clinique oncologique, Pierre-Bénite, France; Université Lyon 1, EA 3738, CICLY centre pour l'innovation en cancérologie de Lyon, 69921 Lyon, Oullins cedex, France; Société française de pharmacie oncologique (SFPO), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Diéras
- Centre Eugène-Marquis, département d'oncologie médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Louis Cazin
- UFR 3S (université de Lille), centre Oscar-Lambret, faculté de pharmacie, Lille, France; Société française de pharmacie oncologique (SFPO), Paris, France.
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14
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Püsküllüoğlu M, Rudzińska A, Pacholczak-Madej R. Antibody-drug conjugates in HER-2 negative breast cancers with poor prognosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188991. [PMID: 37758021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise a rapidly growing class of targeted drugs that selectively deliver a cytotoxic agent to cancer cells, reducing the side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous entity. The need for effective therapies for HER-2 negative BCs with poor prognosis, such as triple-negative or endocrine-resistant BC, remains unmet due to the lack of potential targets for treatments. These BC subtypes are not candidates for hormonal or anti-HER-2 agents. However, ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of ADCs with a wide range of targets have shown potential for this treatment modality. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the role of ADC and speculate on novel approaches including ADC combination therapies, new molecular targets, and the role of other subclasses of ADCs (bicycle drug conjugates, bispecific ADCs, immune modulating ADCs) in this clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Püsküllüoğlu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Garncarska Street 11, 31-115 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Rudzińska
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Garncarska Street 11, 31-115 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Pacholczak-Madej
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika Street 12, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; Department of Chemotherapy, The District Hospital, 22 Szpitalna Street, 34-200 Sucha Beskidzka, Poland
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15
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Kong C, Pu J, Zhao Q, Weng W, Ma L, Qian Y, Hu W, Meng X, Meng T. MTX-13, a Novel PTK7-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate with Widened Therapeutic Index Shows Sustained Tumor Regressions for a Broader Spectrum of PTK7-Positive Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1128-1143. [PMID: 37352387 PMCID: PMC10544008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a Wnt signaling pathway protein implicated in cancer development and metastasis. When using a potent microtubule inhibitor (Aur0101), PTK7-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), h6M24-vc0101 (PF-06647020/cofetuzumab pelidotin) is efficacious only in limited tumor types with low response rates in a phase I trial. To improve patient response and to expand responding tumor types, we designed MTX-13, a PTK7-targeting ADC consisting of a novel antibody (Ab13) conjugated to eight molecules of topoisomerase I inhibitor exatecan through T1000, a novel self-immolative moiety. MTX-13 exhibited PTK7-specific cell binding, efficient internalization, and exatecan release to cause cytotoxic activity through DNA damage and apoptosis induction, and a strong bystander killing. MTX-13 displayed potent antitumor activities on cell line-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models from a wide range of solid tumors, significantly outperforming h6M24-vc0101. PTK7 was shown to be an actionable target in small cell lung cancer for which MTX-13 showed complete and durable responses. With a consistent overexpression of PTK7 in squamous cell carcinomas derived from diverse anatomic sites, strong potency of MTX-13 in this group of heterogenous tumors suggested a common treatment strategy. Finally, MTX-13 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic colon cancer xenograft model. MTX-13 displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile in monkeys with the highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) of ≥30 mg/kg, significantly higher than 3-5 mg/kg of HNSTD for h6M24-vc0101. The higher therapeutic index of MTX-13 bodes well for its clinical translation with the potential to expand the responding patient population beyond that of current PTK7-targeting ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Kong
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Weining Weng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Ma
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Meng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Meng
- MabCare Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- HySlink Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ogundipe OD, Olajubutu O, Adesina SK. Targeted drug conjugate systems for ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115151. [PMID: 37473683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal disease that affects women. Early diagnosis and treatment of women with early-stage disease improve the probability of survival. Unfortunately, the majority of women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at advanced stages 3 and 4 which makes treatment challenging. While the majority of the patients respond to first-line treatment, i.e. cytoreductive surgery integrated with platinum-based chemotherapy, the rate of disease recurrence is very high and the available treatment options for recurrent disease are not curative. Thus, there is a need for more effective treatment options for ovarian cancer. Targeted drug conjugate systems have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. These systems provide the opportunity to selectively deliver highly potent chemotherapeutic drugs to ovarian cancer, sparing healthy normal cells. Thus, the effectiveness of the drugs is improved and systemic toxicity is greatly reduced. In this review, different targeted drug conjugate systems that have been or are being developed for the treatment of ovarian cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotola D Ogundipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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17
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Albright S, Cacace M, Tivon Y, Deiters A. Cell Surface Labeling and Detection of Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 via Covalent Aptamers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16458-16463. [PMID: 37473438 PMCID: PMC10401710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent aptamers are novel biochemical tools for fast and selective transfer of labels to target proteins. Equipped with cleavable electrophiles, these nucleic acid probes enable the installation of functional handles onto native proteins. The high affinity and specificity with which aptamers bind their selected targets allows for quick, covalent labeling that can compete with nuclease-mediated degradation. Here, we introduce the first application of covalent aptamers to modify a specific cell surface protein through proximity-driven label transfer. We targeted protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a prominent cancer marker, and demonstrated aptamer-mediated biotin transfer to specific lysine residues on the extracellular domain of the protein. This allowed for tracking of PTK7 expression, localization, and cellular internalization. These studies validate the programmability of covalent aptamers and highlight their applicability in a cellular context, including protein and small molecule delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaniv Tivon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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18
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Yang T, Li W, Huang T, Zhou J. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Breast Cancer Treatment: Emerging Agents, Targets and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11903. [PMID: 37569276 PMCID: PMC10418918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve the scheme of "magic bullets" in antitumor therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) were developed. ADCs consist of antibodies targeting tumor-specific antigens, chemical linkers, and cytotoxic payloads that powerfully kill cancer cells. With the approval of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), the therapeutic potentials of ADCs in breast cancer have come into the spotlight. Nearly 30 ADCs for breast cancer are under exploration to move targeted therapy forward. In this review, we summarize the presenting and emerging agents and targets of ADCs. The ADC structure and development history are also concluded. Moreover, the challenges faced and prospected future directions in this field are reviewed, which give insights into novel treatments with ADCs for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Nader-Marta G, Molinelli C, Debien V, Martins-Branco D, Aftimos P, de Azambuja E, Awada A. Antibody-drug conjugates: the evolving field of targeted chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231183679. [PMID: 37435563 PMCID: PMC10331351 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231183679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of antineoplastic agents whose structure is composed of three main components: a monoclonal antibody (mAB) targeting a specific target antigen, a cytotoxic payload, and a linker binding the antibody to the payload. By combining the specificity of mABs with the high potency of the payloads, ADCs constitute a smart drug delivery system with improved therapeutic index. After recognition and binding of the mAB to its target surface antigen, ADCs are internalized by endocytosis by the tumor cell, releasing the payloads into the cytoplasm, where they exert their cytotoxic activity, eventually leading to cell death. The composition of some of the new ADCs confers additional functional properties that allow expanding their activity to neighboring cells not expressing the target antigen, constituting a valuable strategy to overcome tumor heterogeneity. Some of these 'off-target effects', such as the bystander effect, are possibly the mechanism underlying the antitumor activity demonstrated in patients with low expression of the target antigens, which represents an important paradigm shift in anticancer targeted therapy. Three ADCs are currently approved for the treatment of breast cancer (BC); two anti-HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) ADCs (trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan); and one Trop-2-targeted ADC (sacituzumab govitecan). Based on the unprecedented efficacy data demonstrated by these agents, ADCs have been incorporated as part of standard regimens for all subtypes of advanced BC, as well as for high-risk early HER2-positive BC. Despite the remarkable advances, several hurdles still remain to overcome, including the development of reliable biomarkers for patient selection, prevention, and management of potentially severe toxicities, ADC resistance mechanisms, post-ADC resistance patterns, and optimal treatment sequencing and combinations. In this review, we will summarize the currently available evidence related to the use of these agents, as well as explore the current landscape of ADC development for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Nader-Marta
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Rue Meylemeersch, 90, Anderlecht, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Chiara Molinelli
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Debien
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Diogo Martins-Branco
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Aftimos
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Xu T, Wang C, Wang X, Wang E, Wang B, Sun M. A novel TREM1/DAP12-based multiple chain CAR-T cell targets PTK7 in ovarian cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2023; 40:226. [PMID: 37405498 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
While CAR-T cell therapy has shown success against hematological tumors, its effectiveness for solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of novel chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting PTK7 through TREM1/DAP12 signaling against ovarian cancer. The expression of PTK7 in ovarian cancer tissues and cells was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometric analysis. The anti-tumor effects of PTK7 CAR-T cells were assessed in vitro using real-time cell analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vivo using a xenograft tumor model. PTK7 was significantly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. PTK7-targeting CAR-T cells based on TREM1/DAP12 signaling exhibited potent cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells expressing PTK7 in vitro, and effectively eradicated tumors in vivo. Our findings suggest that TREM1/DAP12-based PTK7 CAR-T cells have potential as a treatment strategy for ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Nanjing CART Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Reproductive Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Enxiu Wang
- Nanjing CART Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.
- Clinical Pathological Diagnosis & Research Center, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Sun
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Baita West Road #16, Suzhou, 215001, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Agostara AG, Roazzi L, Villa F, Romano' R, Piscazzi D, Martinelli F, Ciarlo G, Oresti S, Travaglini F, Marando A, Sartore-Bianchi A, Giannetta L, Cerea G, Siena S, Pizzutilo EG, Signorelli D. What to do after immune-checkpoint inhibitors failure in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an expert opinion and review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:787-803. [PMID: 37817448 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2268509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (IO) have significantly improved outcomes of patients with non-oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), becoming the first-line agents for advanced disease. However, resistance remains a significant clinical challenge, limiting their effectiveness. AREAS COVERED Hereby, we addressed standard and innovative therapeutic approaches for NSCLC patients experiencing progression after IO treatment, discussing the emerging resistance mechanisms and the ongoing efforts to overcome them. In order to provide a complete overview of the matter, we performed a comprehensive literature search across prominent databases, including PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), and the Cochrane Library, and a research of the main ongoing studies on clinicaltrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION The dynamics of progression to IO, especially in terms of time to treatment failure and burden of progressive disease, should guide the best subsequent management, together with patient clinical conditions. Long-responders to IO might benefit from continuation of IO beyond-progression, in combination with other treatments. Patients who experience early progression should be treated with salvage CT in case of preserved clinical conditions. Finally, patients who respond to IO for a considerable timeframe and who later present oligo-progression could be treated with a multimodal approach in order to maximize the benefit of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giuseppe Agostara
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Roazzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Romano'
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Piscazzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Martinelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciarlo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Oresti
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Marando
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Giannetta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerea
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Gregory Pizzutilo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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22
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Yin F, Ahsan F, Pinkas J, Das B, Wang F, Zheng N, Hahn D, Amrite A, Feng J, Adhikari D, Sikora J, Shaheen E, Harriman S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay to quantitate free payload Aur0101 from ADC PYX-201 in rat and monkey plasma. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:833-843. [PMID: 37584364 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Aur0101 is a cytotoxic and small-molecule microtubule depolymerizing agent, and is the payload conjugated to antibody-drug conjugate PYX-201. Developing and validating a sensitive bioanalytical method to quantitate Aur0101 was novel and crucial in preclinical PYX-201 studies. Materials & methods: Reference standard Aur0101 and its stable isotope labelled internal standard Aur0101-d8 were used in this LC-MS/MS method. Results: This sensitive assay was validated at a lower limit of quantitation of 15 pg/ml and successfully applied to support preclinical rat and monkey toxicology studies. Preclinical plasma toxicokinetic parameters were presented. Conclusion: A sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS assay was validated for Aur0101 in rat and monkey plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Farah Ahsan
- Q2 Solutions BioSciences LLC, 19 Brown Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jan Pinkas
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Biplab Das
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Frank Wang
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nancy Zheng
- Amador Bioscience, Inc., 4695 Chabot Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - David Hahn
- Amador Bioscience, Inc., 4695 Chabot Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Aniruddha Amrite
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jianwen Feng
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Diana Adhikari
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jack Sikora
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shaheen
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shawn Harriman
- Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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23
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Lee JY, Jonus HC, Sadanand A, Branella GM, Maximov V, Suttapitugsakul S, Schniederjan MJ, Shim J, Ho A, Parwani KK, Fedanov A, Pilgrim AA, Silva JA, Schnepp RW, Doering CB, Wu R, Spencer HT, Goldsmith KC. Identification and targeting of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) as an immunotherapy candidate for neuroblastoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101091. [PMID: 37343516 PMCID: PMC10314120 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
GD2-targeting immunotherapies have improved survival in children with neuroblastoma, yet on-target, off-tumor toxicities can occur and a subset of patients cease to respond. The majority of neuroblastoma patients who receive immunotherapy have been previously treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, making it paramount to identify neuroblastoma-specific antigens that remain stable throughout standard treatment. Cell surface glycoproteomics performed on human-derived neuroblastoma tumors in mice following chemotherapy treatment identified protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) to be abundantly expressed. Furthermore, PTK7 shows minimal expression on pediatric-specific normal tissues. We developed an anti-PTK7 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and find PTK7 CAR T cells specifically target and kill PTK7-expressing neuroblastoma in vitro. In vivo, human/murine binding PTK7 CAR T cells regress aggressive neuroblastoma metastatic mouse models and prolong survival with no toxicity. Together, these data demonstrate preclinical efficacy and tolerability for targeting PTK7 and support ongoing investigations to optimize PTK7-targeting CAR T cells for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arhanti Sadanand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gianna M Branella
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor Maximov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schniederjan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiran K Parwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adeiye A Pilgrim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan A Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert W Schnepp
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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24
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Reyes A, Pharaon R, Mohanty A, Massarelli E. Arising Novel Agents in Lung Cancer: Are Bispecifics and ADCs the New Paradigm? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3162. [PMID: 37370772 PMCID: PMC10296730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers with the highest mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributes to around 85% of lung cancer diagnoses (vs. 15% for small cell lung cancer). The treatment of NSCLC has vastly changed in the last two decades since the development of immunotherapy and targeted therapy against driver mutations. As is the nature of malignancy, cancer cells have acquired resistance to these treatments prompting an investigation into novel treatments and new targets. Bispecific antibodies, capable of targeting multiple substrates at once, and antibody-drug conjugates that can preferentially deliver chemotherapy to tumor cells are examples of this innovation. From our initial evaluation, both treatment modalities appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 910102, USA; (A.R.); (R.P.); (A.M.)
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25
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Passaro A, Jänne PA, Peters S. Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Lung Cancer: Recent Advances and Implementing Strategies. J Clin Oncol 2023:JCO2300013. [PMID: 37224424 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the fastest-growing oncology therapeutics, merging the cytotoxic effect of conjugated payload with the high specific ability and selectivity of monoclonal antibody targeted on a specific cancer cell membrane antigen. The main targets for ADC development are antigens commonly expressed by lung cancer cells, but not in normal tissues. They include human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3, trophoblast cell surface antigen 2, c-MET, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5, and B7-H3, each with one or more specific ADCs that showed encouraging results in the lung cancer field, more in non-small-cell lung cancer than in small-cell lung cancer histology. To date, multiple ADCs are under evaluation, alone or in combination with different molecules (eg, chemotherapy agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors), and the optimal strategy for selecting patients who may benefit from the treatment is evolving, including an improvement of biomarker understanding, involving markers of resistance or response to the payload, besides the antibody target. In this review, we discuss the available evidence and future perspectives on ADCs for lung cancer treatment, including a comprehensive discussion on structure-based drug design, mechanism of action, and resistance concepts. Data were summarized by specific target antigen, biology, efficacy, and safety, differing among ADCs according to the ADC payload and their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Shao Z, Yu K. Resistance to antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer: mechanisms and solutions. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:297-337. [PMID: 36357174 PMCID: PMC10009672 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly developing therapeutic approach in cancer treatment that has shown remarkable activity in breast cancer. Currently, there are two ADCs approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer, one for triple-negative breast cancer, and multiple investigational ADCs in clinical trials. However, drug resistance has been noticed in clinical use, especially in trastuzumab emtansine. Here, the mechanisms of ADC resistance are summarized into four categories: antibody-mediated resistance, impaired drug trafficking, disrupted lysosomal function, and payload-related resistance. To overcome or prevent resistance to ADCs, innovative development strategies and combination therapy options are being investigated. Analyzing predictive biomarkers for optimal therapy selection may also help to prevent drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Fei Chen
- Department of Breast SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ying‐ying Xu
- Department of Breast SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110001P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Ming Shao
- Department of Breast SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Da Yu
- Department of Breast SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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27
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Maher J, Davies DM. CAR-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumours-A Survey of the Emerging Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1171. [PMID: 36831514 PMCID: PMC9953954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with CAR T-cells has revolutionised the treatment of B-cell and plasma cell-derived cancers. However, solid tumours present a much greater challenge for treatment using CAR-engineered immune cells. In a partner review, we have surveyed data generated in clinical trials in which patients with solid tumours that expressed any of 30 discrete targets were treated with CAR-based immunotherapy. That exercise confirms that efficacy of this approach falls well behind that seen in haematological malignancies, while significant toxic events have also been reported. Here, we consider approximately 60 additional candidates for which such clinical data are not available yet, but where pre-clinical data have provided support for their advancement to clinical evaluation as CAR target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, Guy’s Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne BN21 2UD, UK
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David M. Davies
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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28
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Tymon-Rosario J, Gorman M, Richardson DL, Washington C, Santin AD. Advances in antibody-drug conjugates for gynecologic malignancies. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2023; 35:6-14. [PMID: 36484278 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a new class of drugs that combine a surface receptor-targeting antibody linked to a cytotoxic molecule delivering the potent cytotoxic payload directly to tumor cells. This review summarizes the current literature demonstrating their use in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Tisotumab vedotin is the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ADC for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. While in the phase 3 randomized controlled trial in platinum resistant ovarian cancer patients, FORWARD 1, mirvetuximab did not meet its primary endpoint of progression-free survival. But we await more recent data from the two ongoing phase 3 trials of mirvetuximab in recurrent ovarian cancer patients. HER2/neu, Napi2b, mesothelin, and human trophoblast cell-surface marker (Trop-2) overexpression have also been exploited as excellent targets by novel ADCs in multiple tumors including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. SUMMARY Current evidence strongly supports the use of ADCs and ongoing clinical trials will provide further information into the potential of making these drugs part of current standard practice allowing patients to be treated with a higher level of personalized cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tymon-Rosario
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York 11040
| | - Megan Gorman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York 11040
| | - Debra L Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut 06520
| | - Christina Washington
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut 06520
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 N.E. 10 Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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29
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Wang AJ, Gao Y, Shi YY, Dai MY, Cai HB. A review of recent advances on single use of antibody-drug conjugates or combination with tumor immunology therapy for gynecologic cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1093666. [PMID: 36618922 PMCID: PMC9813853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1093666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made significant progress in the treatment of various cancers. However, due to the low ICI responsive rate for the gynecologic cancer, ICI two-drug combination therapy tends to be a predominant way for clinical treatment. Antibody-drug conjugates, a promising therapeutic modality for cancer, have been approved by the FDA for breast cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and gastric cancer. On September 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to tisotumab vedotin for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Currently, the role of therapy of ADCs on gynecologic tumors was also included in medication regimens. Now more than 30 ADCs targeting for 20 biomarkers are under clinical trials in the field, including monotherapy or combination with others for multiple lines of therapy. Some ADCs have been proved to enhance the antitumor immunity effect on both pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Therefore, combination of ADCs and ICIs are expected in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss current development of ADCs in gynecologic oncology and the combination effects of ICIs and ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jin Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Ying Shi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Dai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Meng-Yuan Dai, ; Hong-Bing Cai,
| | - Hong-Bing Cai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Meng-Yuan Dai, ; Hong-Bing Cai,
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30
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Tolcher AW. Antibody drug conjugates: The dos and don'ts in clinical development. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108235. [PMID: 35738430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) entered clinical trials in the mid 1990s to selectively deliver cytotoxic chemotherapy to cancer cells with the goal to increase the antitumor activity and decrease normal tissue toxicity. Over nearly 30 years of development the ADC platform has become established with now 11 approved agents and many more in the pipeline. This review is designed to highlight some of the problems and solutions encountered in clinical development as well as provide practical instruction to both clinical investigators on the efficient protocol design for ADCs and the lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Tolcher
- Director for Clinical Research, NEXT Oncology, 2829 Babcock Road Suite 300, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
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31
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Antibody Drug Conjugates in Lung Cancer. Cancer J 2022; 28:429-435. [DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Anti-PTK7 Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibit Angiogenesis by Suppressing PTK7 Function. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184463. [PMID: 36139622 PMCID: PMC9496920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PTK7 is a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase. We previously demonstrated that PTK7 enhances angiogenesis by interacting with KDR, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor important for angiogenesis, and activating it through oligomerization. To control angiogenesis by inhibiting PTK7 function, we developed anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The selected PTK7 mAbs reduced VEGF-induced angiogenic phenotypes of endothelial cells and angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo. The PTK7 mAbs also inhibited VEGF-induced KDR activation in endothelial cells and its downstream signaling and PTK7–KDR interaction. Our results show that the PTK7 mAbs inhibit angiogenesis by blocking PTK7 function. Therefore, PTK7 mAbs could be applied as therapeutics to control angiogenesis-associated diseases such as metastatic cancers. Abstract PTK7, a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase, promotes angiogenesis by activating KDR through direct interaction and induction of KDR oligomerization. This study developed anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to regulate angiogenesis by inhibiting PTK7 function. The effect of anti-PTK7 mAbs on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenic phenotypes in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined. Analysis of mAb binding with PTK7 deletion mutants revealed that mAb-43 and mAb-52 recognize immunoglobulin (Ig) domain 2 of PTK7, whereas mAb-32 and mAb-50 recognize Ig domains 6–7. Anti-PTK7 mAbs inhibited VEGF-induced adhesion and wound healing in HUVECs. mAb-32, mAb-43, and mAb-52 dose-dependently mitigated VEGF-induced migration and invasion in HUVECs without exerting cytotoxic effects. Additionally, mAb-32, mAb-43, and mAb-52 inhibited capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs, and mAb-32 and mAb-43 suppressed angiogenesis ex vivo (aortic ring assay) and in vivo (Matrigel plug assay). Furthermore, mAb-32 and mAb-43 downregulated VEGF-induced KDR activation and downstream signaling and inhibited PTK7–KDR interaction in PTK7-overexpressing and KDR-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Thus, anti-PTK7 mAbs inhibit angiogenic phenotypes by blocking PTK7–KDR interaction. These findings indicate that anti-PTK7 mAbs that neutralize PTK7 function can alleviate impaired angiogenesis-associated pathological conditions, such as cancer metastasis.
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Fu Y, Liu H, Long M, Song L, Meng Z, Lin S, Zhang Y, Qin J. Icariin attenuates the tumor growth by targeting miR-1-3p/TNKS2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis in ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940926. [PMID: 36185280 PMCID: PMC9516086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite various therapy advances, ovarian cancer remains an incurable disease for which survival rates have only modestly improved. Natural products are important sources of anti-cancer lead compounds. Icariin exhibited broad anti-cancer efficacy. However, the mechanism of icariin against ovarian cancer is poorly elucidated. Methods Cell viability was detected to evaluate the effect of icariin on SKOV-3 cells. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed. The transcript of SKOV-3 cells was profiled by RNA-seq. GSEA and DEGs analyses were performed to interpret gene expression data. Western blot and TOP/FOP flash assay were applied to detect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. MiRDB database and dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to study the regulation of miR-1-3p on TNKS2. Anti-tumor efficacy of icariin was evaluated by xenograft mouse model. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against Ki67. Results Icariin significantly suppressed the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells. Furthermore, icariin stalled cell cycle and induced apoptosis by blocking TNKS2/Wnt/β-catenin pathway through upregulating the level of miR-1-3p. Finally, icariin dramatically suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that icariin significantly attenuated the growth of ovarian tumor in xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we systematically revealed that icariin attenuates the tumor progression by suppressing TNKS2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling via upregulating the level of miR-1-3p in ovarian cancer with transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- Huizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengsha Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linliang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuyu Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozi Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JiaJia Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: JiaJia Qin,
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Li Y, Zhang H, Merkher Y, Chen L, Liu N, Leonov S, Chen Y. Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:121. [PMID: 36038913 PMCID: PMC9422136 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer (BC) with a poor prognosis. Current treatment options are limited to surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, a proportion of patients have missed the surgical window at the time of diagnosis. TNBC is a highly heterogeneous cancer with specific mutations and aberrant activation of signaling pathways. Hence, targeted therapies, such as those targeting DNA repair pathways, androgen receptor signaling pathways, and kinases, represent promising treatment options against TNBC. In addition, immunotherapy has also been demonstrated to improve overall survival and response in TNBC. In this review, we summarize recent key advances in therapeutic strategies based on molecular subtypes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yulia Merkher
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia, 141700
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia, 141700. .,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Multiomics characterization implicates PTK7 in ovarian cancer EMT and cell plasticity and offers strategies for therapeutic intervention. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:714. [PMID: 35977930 PMCID: PMC9386025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with ovarian cancer (OC) are diagnosed at a late stage when there are very few therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. This is due to the lack of clearly defined underlying mechanisms or an oncogenic addiction that can be targeted pharmacologically, unlike other types of cancer. Here, we identified protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) as a potential new therapeutic target in OC following a multiomics approach using genetic and pharmacological interventions. We performed proteomics analyses upon PTK7 knockdown in OC cells and identified novel downstream effectors such as synuclein-γ (SNCG), SALL2, and PP1γ, and these findings were corroborated in ex vivo primary samples using PTK7 monoclonal antibody cofetuzumab. Our phosphoproteomics analyses demonstrated that PTK7 modulates cell adhesion and Rho-GTPase signaling to sustain epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell plasticity, which was confirmed by high-content image analysis of 3D models. Furthermore, using high-throughput drug sensitivity testing (525 drugs) we show that targeting PTK7 exhibited synergistic activity with chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, CHK1/2 inhibitor prexasertib, and PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364, among others, in OC cells and ex vivo primary samples. Taken together, our study provides unique insight into the function of PTK7, which helps to define its role in mediating aberrant Wnt signaling in ovarian cancer.
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Cheng-Sánchez I, Moya-Utrera F, Porras-Alcalá C, López-Romero JM, Sarabia F. Antibody-Drug Conjugates Containing Payloads from Marine Origin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080494. [PMID: 36005497 PMCID: PMC9410405 DOI: 10.3390/md20080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an important class of therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Structurally, an ADC comprises an antibody, which serves as the delivery system, a payload drug that is a potent cytotoxin that kills cancer cells, and a chemical linker that connects the payload with the antibody. Unlike conventional chemotherapy methods, an ADC couples the selective targeting and pharmacokinetic characteristics related to the antibody with the potent cytotoxicity of the payload. This results in high specificity and potency by reducing off-target toxicities in patients by limiting the exposure of healthy tissues to the cytotoxic drug. As a consequence of these outstanding features, significant research efforts have been devoted to the design, synthesis, and development of ADCs, and several ADCs have been approved for clinical use. The ADC field not only relies upon biology and biochemistry (antibody) but also upon organic chemistry (linker and payload). In the latter, total synthesis of natural and designed cytotoxic compounds, together with the development of novel synthetic strategies, have been key aspects of the consecution of clinical ADCs. In the case of payloads from marine origin, impressive structural architectures and biological properties are observed, thus making them prime targets for chemical synthesis and the development of ADCs. In this review, we explore the molecular and biological diversity of ADCs, with particular emphasis on those containing marine cytotoxic drugs as the payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Moya-Utrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Porras-Alcalá
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
| | - Juan M. López-Romero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
| | - Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
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朱 以, 王 志. [Current Progress and Future Developments of Antibody Drug Conjugates
in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:468-476. [PMID: 35899443 PMCID: PMC9346152 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a novel class of anti-cancer drugs, which combined the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic palyload via the linkers. Many ADCs have not only verified impressive activity in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer and hematological system tumors, but also in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to provide informations for practice by summarizing the mechanism of action, clinical application and problems and challenges of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 以香 朱
- />100021 北京,国家癌症中心,国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院内科CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - 志杰 王
- />100021 北京,国家癌症中心,国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院内科CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Liao KH, Williams JH, Palani S, Yin D, Meng X. Joint Disposition Properties and Comprehensive Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Antibody–Drug Conjugates. AAPS J 2022; 24:73. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise 3 distinct parts: a specific antibody carrier (mAb), a linker, and a cytotoxic payload. Typical pharmacokinetic (PK) characterization of ADCs remains fragmented using separate noncompartmental analyses (NCA) of individual analytes, offering little insight into the dynamic relationships among the ADC components, and the safety and efficacy implications. As a result, it is exceedingly difficult to compare ADCs in terms of favorable PK characteristics. Therefore, there is a need for characterizing ADCs using the joint disposition properties critical for understanding the fate of an ADC complex and clinical implications. In this communication, we describe 3 joint disposition metrics (JDMs) for integrated NCA of ADCs based on a combination of common analytes of ADC, payload, conjugated payload, and total mAb. These JDMs were derived, each in a simple form of a ratio between appropriate PK parameters of two analytes, from the presumed drug delivery scheme behind typical ADC designs, in terms of (1) linker stability, (2) therapeutic exposure ratio, and (3) effective drug-to-antibody ratio in vivo. The validity of the JDM-based PK characterization was examined against model-based analyses via their applications to 3 clinical candidates: PF-06650808, PF-06647020, and PF-06664178. For instance, the linker stability estimates for PF-06650808, PF-06647020, and PF-06664178 were 0.31, 0.14, and 0.096, respectively, from the JDM-based analyses vs. 0.23, 0.11, and 0.086 by the model-based approach. Additionally, the JDMs were estimated for a number of FDA-approved or otherwise well-documented ADCs, showing their utilities in comparing ADCs in terms of favorable PK characteristics.
Graphical Abstract
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Ziad A, Abdurahman A, Misako N. A comprehensive review on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 106:102393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singh SB. Discovery and Development of Dolastatin 10-Derived Antibody Drug Conjugate Anticancer Drugs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:666-687. [PMID: 35072477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dolastatin 10 is an extremely potent broad-spectrum antitubulin anticancer pentapeptide isolated from Dolabella auricularia. The two-dimensional structure was elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration was determined by a convergent total synthesis. SAR studies established that modifications at C- and N-terminals were tolerated for cytotoxic activity. Human clinical trials of dolastatin 10 and auristatin PE (a C-terminal analog) showed occasional signs of efficacy but failed due to lack of separation of toxicity and efficacy. Nanomolar cytotoxicity helped transition this class of pentapeptides to the next phase of development as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) by reducing systemic toxicity. Four ADC drugs (Adcetris, Padcev, Polivy, and Blenrep) carrying monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, vedotin) and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF, mafodotin) payloads have been approved for treatment of a number of cancers expressing antibody-specific antigens. More than 36 ADCs carrying a variety of pentapeptide analogues are undergoing preclinical and clinical developments. They are being evaluated in more than 200 human trials. A comprehensive review of the discovery, total synthesis of dolastatin 10 and new amino acids, SAR studies of dolastatin 10 and auristatins, conjugations to antibodies, and preclinical and clinical development of ADCs have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- SBS Pharma Consulting LLC, Edison, New Jersey 08820, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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[Research Progress of Antibody-drug Conjugates in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:214-218. [PMID: 35340165 PMCID: PMC8976206 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most important pathological types of lung cancer. The prognosis of advanced NSCLC is poor and medical treatment is still the main treatment option. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the kind of potentially new anti-tumor drugs, consisting of monoclonal antibodies conjugated to the cytotoxic payloads via the synthetic linkers. They have a broad application prospect in solid tumors such as lung cancer. This article focuses on the mechanism of action and research progress of ADCs in advanced NSCLC.
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In Vivo Evaluation of Sgc8-c Aptamer as a Molecular Imaging Probe for Colon Cancer in a Mouse Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052466. [PMID: 35269608 PMCID: PMC8910571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent biotechnological applications in the field of clinical oncology led to the identification of new biomarkers as molecular targets of cancer, and to broad developments in the field of personalized medicine. Aptamers are oligonucleotides (ssDNA or RNA) that are selected to specifically recognize a molecular target with high affinity and specificity. Based on this, new horizons for their use as molecular imaging probes are being explored. The objective of this work was to evaluate the Sgc8-c aptamer conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647 fluorophore as an imaging probe in a colon tumor xenograft mouse model, with potential application in molecular imaging. In this study, the LS174T cell line was used to induce colorectal adenocarcinoma in nude mice. After confirmation of PTK7 overexpression by immunohistochemistry, in vivo studies were performed. Pharmacokinetic, in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution imaging, and a competition assay were evaluated by fluorescence imaging. In vivo visualization of the probe in the tumors was assessed two hours after aptamer probe administration, exhibiting excellent tumor-to-background ratios in biodistribution studies and high specificity in the competition test. Our results demonstrated the functionality of Scg8-c as an imaging probe for colon cancer, with potential clinical applications.
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Wainwright CL, Teixeira MM, Adelson DL, Buenz EJ, David B, Glaser KB, Harata-Lee Y, Howes MJR, Izzo AA, Maffia P, Mayer AM, Mazars C, Newman DJ, Nic Lughadha E, Pimenta AM, Parra JA, Qu Z, Shen H, Spedding M, Wolfender JL. Future Directions for the Discovery of Natural Product-Derived Immunomodulating Drugs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106076. [PMID: 35074524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap. Recognising that, at present, there is no authoritative article that details the current state-of-the-art of the immunomodulatory activity of natural products, this in-depth review has arisen from a joint effort between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products and Immunopharmacology, with contributions from a Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation number of world-leading researchers in the field of natural product drug discovery, to provide a "position statement" on what natural products has to offer in the search for new immunomodulatory argents. To this end, we provide a historical look at previous discoveries of naturally occurring immunomodulators, present a picture of the current status of the field and provide insight into the future opportunities and challenges for the discovery of new drugs to treat immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - David L Adelson
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Eric J Buenz
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | - Keith B Glaser
- AbbVie Inc., Integrated Discovery Operations, North Chicago, USA.
| | - Yuka Harata-Lee
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alejandro Ms Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, IL, USA.
| | - Claire Mazars
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | - Adriano Mc Pimenta
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - John Aa Parra
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hanyuan Shen
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Antibody-drug conjugates: Resurgent anticancer agents with multi-targeted therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108106. [PMID: 34990642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a relatively new group of anticancer agents, whose first appearance took place about two decades ago, but a renewed interest occurred in recent years, following the success of anti-cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. Indeed, an ADC combines the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody with the cell killing properties of a chemotherapeutic agent (payload), joined together through an appropriate linker. The antibody moiety targets a specific cell surface antigen expressed by tumor cells and/or cells of the tumor microenvironment and acts as a carrier that delivers the cytotoxic payload within the tumor mass. Despite advantages in terms of selectivity and potency, the development of ADCs is not devoid of challenges, due to: i) low tumor selectivity when the target antigens are not exclusively expressed by cancer cells; ii) premature release of the cytotoxic drug into the bloodstream as a consequence of linker instability; iii) development of tumor resistance mechanisms to the payload. All these factors may result in lack of efficacy and/or in no safety improvement compared to unconjugated cytotoxic agents. Nevertheless, the development of antibodies engineered to remain inert until activated in the tumor (e.g., antibodies activated proteolytically after internalization or by the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment) together with the discovery of innovative targets and cytotoxic or immunomodulatory payloads, have allowed the design of next-generation ADCs that are expected to possess improved therapeutic properties. This review provides an overview of approved ADCs, with related advantages and limitations, and of novel targets exploited by ADCs that are presently under clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
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Marks S, Naidoo J. Antibody drug conjugates in non-small cell lung cancer: An emerging therapeutic approach. Lung Cancer 2021; 163:59-68. [PMID: 34923203 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current standard-of-care for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) incorporates targeted therapies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and systemic chemotherapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are a class of anti-cancer therapy capable of transporting cytotoxic drugs directly to tumour cells, thus harnessing the strengths of both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In this review we provide a comprehensive review the design, mode of action, and mechanisms of resistance to ADCs in NSCLC. We also summarize the clinical development of several promising ADCs in early phase clinical trials for the treatment NSCLC. including ADCs against well-established targets (e.g.HER2 in breast cancer, Nectin4 in urothelial cancer), novel antigenic targets (e.g. HER3, TROP2, PTK7, CEACAM5), as well as promising combinations with agents known to be active in NSCLC such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ICI therapy, as a strategy to overcome mechanisms of resistance to ADC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marks
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland.
| | - J Naidoo
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland; Upper Aerodigestive Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Molecular targets and therapeutics in chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 39:14. [PMID: 34812991 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer (BC), which shows immunohistochemically negative expression of hormone receptor i.e., Estrogen receptor and Progesterone receptor along with the absence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2/neu). In Indian scenario the prevalence of BC is 26.3%, whereas, in West Bengal the cases are of 18.4%. But the rate of TNBC has increased up to 31% and shows 27% of total BC. Conventional chemotherapy is effective only in the initial stages but with progression of the disease the effectivity gets reduced and shown almost no effect in later or advanced stages of TNBC. Thus, TNBC patients frequently develop resistance and metastasis, due to its peculiar triple-negative nature most of the hormonal therapies also fails. Development of chemoresistance may involve various factors, such as, TNBC heterogeneity, cancer stem cells (CSCs), signaling pathway deregulation, DNA repair mechanism, hypoxia, and other molecular factors. To overcome the challenges to treat TNBC various targets and molecules have been exploited including CSCs modulator, drug efflux transporters, hypoxic factors, apoptotic proteins, and regulatory signaling pathways. Moreover, to improve the targets and efficacy of treatments researchers are emphasizing on targeted therapy for TNBC. In this review, an effort has been made to focus on phenotypic and molecular variations in TNBC along with the role of conventional as well as newly identified pathways and strategies to overcome challenge of chemoresistance.
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Henriques B, Mendes F, Martins D. Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges? Biomedicines 2021; 9:1687. [PMID: 34829916 PMCID: PMC8616011 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide and, although there have been significant advances in BC therapies, a significant percentage of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Since BC was demonstrated to be an immunogenic tumor, immunotherapy has broken through as a significant therapy strategy against BC. Over the years, immunotherapy has improved the survival rate of HER2+ BC patients due to the approval of some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and, recently, Margetuximab, along with the antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) showed promising efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, namely Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab. Despite the success of immunotherapy, some patients do not respond to immunotherapy or those who respond to the treatment relapse or progress. The main causes of these adverse events are the complex, intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. In this review, we address the different immunotherapy approaches approved for BC and some of the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Henriques
- Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, UCPCBL, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernando Mendes
- Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, UCPCBL, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.H.); (F.M.)
- Laboratório de Investigação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde (LabinSaúde), Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- European Association for Professions in Biomedical Sciences, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Diana Martins
- Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, UCPCBL, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.H.); (F.M.)
- Laboratório de Investigação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde (LabinSaúde), Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Martín-Sabroso C, Lozza I, Torres-Suárez AI, Fraguas-Sánchez AI. Antibody-Antineoplastic Conjugates in Gynecological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1705. [PMID: 34683998 PMCID: PMC8541375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), normally formed by a humanized antibody and a small drug via a chemical cleavable or non-cleavable linker, have emerged as a potential treatment strategy in cancer disease. They allow to get a selective delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents at the tumor level, and, consequently, to improve the antitumor efficacy and, especially to decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity. Currently, nine antibody-drug conjugate-based formulations have been already approved and more than 80 are under clinical trials for the treatment of several tumors, especially breast cancer, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. To date, no ADCs have been approved for the treatment of gynecological formulations, but many formulations have been developed and have reached the clinical stage, especially for the treatment of ovarian cancer, an aggressive disease with a low five-year survival rate. This manuscript analyzes the ADCs formulations that are under clinical research in the treatment of gynecological carcinomas, specifically ovarian, endometrial, and cervical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lozza
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Cui NP, Qiao S, Jiang S, Hu JL, Wang TT, Liu WW, Qin Y, Wang YN, Zheng LS, Zhang JC, Ma YP, Chen BP, Shi JH. Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 Regulates EGFR/Akt Signaling Pathway and Correlates With Malignant Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699889. [PMID: 34367983 PMCID: PMC8339706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, is associated with high invasiveness, high metastatic occurrence and poor prognosis. Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) plays an important role in multiple cancers. However, the role of PTK7 in TNBC has not been well addressed. This study was performed to evaluate the role of PTK7 in the progression of TNBC. Methods Correlation of PTK7 expression with clinicopathological parameters was assessed using tissue microarray immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in 280 patients with breast cancer. PTK7 expression in TNBC (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-231) and non-TNBC (MCF7 and SK-BR-3) breast cancer cell lines were examined using immunoblotting assay. PTK7 correlated genes in invasive breast carcinoma were analyzed using cBioPortal breast cancer datasets including 1,904 patients. PTK7 overexpressed or knockdown TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-436) were used to analyze the potential roles of PTK7 in TNBC metastasis and tumor progression. A TNBC tumor bearing mouse model was established to further analyze the role of PTK7 in TNBC tumorigenicity in vivo. Results PTK7 is highly expressed in breast cancer and correlates with worse prognosis and associates with tumor metastasis and progression in TNBC. Co-expression analysis and gain- or loss-of-function of PTK7 in TNBC cell lines revealed that PTK7 participates in EGFR/Akt signaling regulation and associated with extracellular matrix organization and migration genes in breast cancer, including COL1A1, FN1, WNT5B, MMP11, MMP14 and SDC1. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments of PTK7 suggested that PTK7 promotes proliferation and migration in TNBC cell lines. PTK7 knockdown MDA-MB-468 cell bearing mouse model further demonstrated that PTK7-deficiency inhibits TNBC tumor progression in vivo. Conclusion This study identified PTK7 as a potential marker of worse prognosis in TNBC and revealed PTK7 promotes TNBC metastasis and progression via EGFR/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Peng Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shu Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jin-Lin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Shuang Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jin-Chao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, and MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yong-Ping Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Baoding Second Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Bao-Ping Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jian-Hong Shi
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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