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Chen Z, Zhang X. The role of metabolic reprogramming in kidney cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1402351. [PMID: 38884097 PMCID: PMC11176489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1402351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a cellular process in which cells modify their metabolic patterns to meet energy requirements, promote proliferation, and enhance resistance to external stressors. This process also introduces new functionalities to the cells. The 'Warburg effect' is a well-studied example of metabolic reprogramming observed during tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that kidney cells undergo various forms of metabolic reprogramming following injury. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the progression, prognosis, and treatment of kidney cancer. This review offers a comprehensive examination of renal cancer, metabolic reprogramming, and its implications in kidney cancer. It also discusses recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Yu X, Du Z, Zhu P, Liao B. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of exosomal microRNAs in renal cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:273-286. [PMID: 38388810 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arises from the tubular epithelial cells of the nephron. It has the highest mortality rate among urological cancers. There are no effective therapeutic approaches and no non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up. Thus, suitable novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are essential for improving RCC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment. Circulating exosomes such as exosomal microRNAs (Exo-miRs) provide non-invasive prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers and valuable therapeutic targets, as they can be easily isolated and quantified and show high sensitivity and specificity. Exosomes secreted by an RCC can exhibit alterations in the miRs' profile that may reflect the cellular origin and (patho)physiological state, as a ''signature'' or ''fingerprint'' of the donor cell. It has been shown that the transportation of renal-specific miRs in exosomes can be rapidly detected and measured, holding great potential as biomarkers in RCC. The present review highlights the studies reporting tumor microenvironment-derived Exo-miRs with therapeutic potential as well as circulating Exo-miRs as potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
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3
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Wang P, Nie J, Li J, Ye C, Chen J, Zhang Z, Li B. VDRA downregulate β-catenin/Smad3 and DNA damage and repair associated with improved prognosis in ccRCC patients. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130405. [PMID: 38403213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) spotlighted the poorest survival, while chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) was associated with the best survival. Earlier studies corroborated vitamin D receptor (VDR) was a promising molecular for improving the prognosis of RCC. In contrast to VDRA, the one of VDR isoforms, VDRB1 (VDR isoform B1) has an N-terminal extension of 50 amino acids and is less ligand-dependent. However, the functional differences between VDRA and VDRB1, and their roles in the prognosis of ccRCC and chRCC, have not been investigated. In the present study, we uncovered that the transcripts related to vitamin D pathway and cellular calcium signaling were effectively decreased in the context of ccRCC, yet failed to exert a comparable effect within chRCC. Specially, minimally levels of VDRA wherein kidneys of patients suffering from ccRCC predict shorter survival time. In addition, the protein expressions for β-catenin/Smad3 pathway and DNA damage and repair pathways were obviously impeded in VDRA-overexpressed ccRCC cells, yet this inhibitory effect was conspicuously absent in enable VDRB1 cells. Our results provide a new idea to improve the prognosis of ccRCC via VDRA upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiyong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Bingyan Li
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Kumar V, Kaushik V, Kumar S, Levkovich SA, Gupta P, Laor Bar-Yosef D, Gazit E, Segal D. The von Hippel-Lindau protein forms fibrillar amyloid assemblies that are mitigated by the anti-amyloid molecule Purpurin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149250. [PMID: 38039781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) is a tumor suppressor involved in oxygen regulation via dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. It plays a crucial role in cell survival by degrading hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Mutations in the VHL gene cause angiogenic tumors, characterized as VHL syndrome. However, aggressive tumors involving wild-type pVHL have also been described but the underlying mechanism remains to be revealed. We have previously shown that pVHL possesses several short amyloid-forming motifs, making it aggregation-prone. In this study, using a series of biophysical assays, we demonstrated that a pVHL-derived fragment (pVHL104-140) that harbors the nuclear export motif and HIF binding site, forms amyloid-like fibrillar structures in vitro by following secondary-nucleation-based kinetics. The peptide also formed amyloids at acidic pH that mimics the tumor microenvironment. We, subsequently, validated the amyloid formation by pVHL in vitro. Using the Curli-dependent amyloid generator (C-DAG) expression system, we confirmed the amyloidogenesis of pVHL in bacterial cells. The pVHL amyloids are an attractive target for therapeutics of the VHL syndrome. Accordingly, we demonstrated in vitro that Purpurin is a potent inhibitor of pVHL fibrillation. The amyloidogenic behavior of wild-type pVHL and its inhibition provide novel insights into the molecular underpinning of the VHL syndrome and its possible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Vibha Kaushik
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Sourav Kumar
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Shon A Levkovich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Priya Gupta
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Dana Laor Bar-Yosef
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel Segal
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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5
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Yu R, Ling J, Li B, Yang C, Cheng Z, Qian R, Lin Z, Yu C, Zheng J, Zheng X, Jia Q, Wu W, Wu Q, Chen M, Yuan S, Dong W, Shi Y, Jansen R, Yang C, Hao Y, Yao M, Qin W, Jin H. Loss of hepatic FTCD promotes lipid accumulation and hepatocarcinogenesis by upregulating PPARγ and SREBP2. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100843. [PMID: 37675273 PMCID: PMC10477690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Exploiting key regulators responsible for hepatocarcinogenesis is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the key players contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis remain poorly understood. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC for the development of potential new therapeutic targets. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were used to identify genes with enhanced expression in the liver associated with HCC progression. A murine liver-specific Ftcd knockout (Ftcd-LKO) model was generated to investigate the role of formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD) in HCC. Multi-omics analysis of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics data were applied to further analyse the molecular effects of FTCD expression on hepatocarcinogenesis. Functional and biochemical studies were performed to determine the significance of loss of FTCD expression and the therapeutic potential of Akt inhibitors in FTCD-deficient cancer cells. Results FTCD is highly expressed in the liver but significantly downregulated in HCC. Patients with HCC and low levels of FTCD exhibited worse prognosis, and patients with liver cirrhosis and low FTCD levels exhibited a notable higher probability of developing HCC. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of FTCD promoted both chronic diethylnitrosamine-induced and spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Multi-omics analysis showed that loss of FTCD affected fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism in hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, loss of FTCD upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) by regulating the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signalling axis, leading to lipid accumulation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusions Taken together, we identified a FTCD-regulated lipid metabolic mechanism involving PPARγ and SREBP2 signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis and provide a rationale for therapeutically targeting of HCC driven by downregulation of FTCD. Impact and implications Exploiting key molecules responsible for hepatocarcinogenesis is significant for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Herein, we identified formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD) as the top enhanced gene, which could serve as a predictive and prognostic marker for patients with HCC. We generated and characterised the first Ftcd liver-specific knockout murine model. We found loss of FTCD expression upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) by regulating the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signalling axis, leading to lipid accumulation and hepatocarcinogenesis, and provided a rationale for therapeutic targeting of HCC driven by downregulation of FTCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Botai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoan Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruolan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengnuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoping Shi
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robin Jansen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sayaf AM, Ullah Khalid S, Hameed JA, Alshammari A, Khan A, Mohammad A, Alghamdi S, Wei DQ, Yeoh K. Exploring the natural products chemical space through a molecular search to discover potential inhibitors that target the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1202128. [PMID: 37670941 PMCID: PMC10475833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1202128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes are major therapeutic targets of anemia and ischemic/hypoxia diseases. To overcome safety issues, liver failure, and problems associated with on-/off-targets, natural products due to their novel and unique structures offer promising alternatives as drug targets. Methods: In the current study, the Marine Natural Products, North African, South African, East African, and North-East African chemical space was explored for HIF-PHD inhibitors discovery through molecular search, and the final hits were validated using molecular simulation and free energy calculation approaches. Results: Our results revealed that CMNPD13808 with a docking score of -8.690 kcal/mol, CID15081178 with a docking score of -8.027 kcal/mol, CID71496944 with a docking score of -8.48 kcal/mol and CID11821407 with a docking score of -7.78 kcal/mol possess stronger activity than the control N-[(4-hydroxy-8-iodoisoquinolin-3-yl)carbonyl]glycine, 4HG (-6.87 kcal/mol). Interaction analysis revealed that the target compounds interact with Gln239, Tyr310, Tyr329, Arg383 and Trp389 residues, and chelate the active site iron in a bidentate manner in PHD2. Molecular simulation revealed that these target hits robustly block the PHD2 active site by demonstrating stable dynamics. Furthermore, the half-life of the Arg383 hydrogen bond with the target ligands, which is an important factor for PHD2 inhibition, remained almost constant in all the complexes during the simulation. Finally, the total binding free energy of each complex was calculated as CMNPD13808-PHD2 -72.91 kcal/mol, CID15081178-PHD2 -65.55 kcal/mol, CID71496944-PHD2 -68.47 kcal/mol, and CID11821407-PHD2 -62.06 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The results show the compounds possess good activity in contrast to the control drug (4HG) and need further in vitro and in vivo validation for possible usage as potential drugs against HIF-PHD2-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Mohammad Sayaf
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nayang, Henan, China
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacy, Riyadh Security Forces Hospital, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nayang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint Laboratory of International Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - KarKheng Yeoh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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7
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Orozco Scott P, Deshpande P, Abramson M. Genitourinary Cancer: Updates on Treatments and Their Impact on the Kidney. Semin Nephrol 2023; 42:151344. [PMID: 37172546 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers are diverse in their presentation, prevalence, and mortality risk. Although there have been significant advancements in medical (eg, immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and surgical treatments of genitourinary cancers, patients are still at risk for chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and electrolyte derangements in the short and long term. In addition, pre-existing kidney disease may increase the risk of developing some genitourinary cancers. This review focuses on the kidney-related effects of treatments for renal cell carcinoma and bladder and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Orozco Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Medical School, New York, NY.
| | - Priya Deshpande
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Abramson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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8
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Li M, Popovic Z, Chu C, Reichetzeder C, Pommer W, Krämer BK, Hocher B. Impact of Angiopoietin-2 on Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 9:0. [PMID: 38306230 PMCID: PMC10826602 DOI: 10.1159/000529774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Angiopoietins (Ang) are essential angiogenic factors involved in angiogenesis, vascular maturation, and inflammation. The most studied angiopoietins, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), behave antagonistically to each other in vivo to sustain vascular endothelium homeostasis. While Ang-1 typically acts as the endothelium-protective mediator, its context-dependent antagonist Ang-2 can promote endothelium permeability and vascular destabilization, hence contributing to a poor outcome in vascular diseases via endothelial injury, vascular dysfunction, and microinflammation. The pathogenesis of kidney diseases is associated with endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation in renal diseases. Summary Several preclinical studies report overexpression of Ang-2 in renal tissues of certain kidney disease models; additionally, clinical studies show increased levels of circulating Ang-2 in the course of chronic kidney disease, implying that Ang-2 may serve as a useful biomarker in these patients. However, the exact mechanisms of Ang-2 action in renal diseases remain unclear. Key Messages We summarized the recent findings on Ang-2 in kidney diseases, including preclinical studies and clinical studies, aiming to provide a systematic understanding of the role of Ang-2 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoran Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Pommer
- Charité University Hospital Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Yang Y, Luo Y, Huang S, Tao Y, Li C, Wang C. MKRN1/2 serve as tumor suppressors in renal clear cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of p53. Cancer Biomark 2023; 36:267-278. [PMID: 36938725 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) belongs to renal cell carcinoma which is a very aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. The MKRN family includes three members MKRN1, MKRN2 and MKRN3, which are closely related to cancers, and have been involved in many studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the roles of MKRN family in KIRC. METHODS The expression of MKRNs was analyzed using the UALCAN database, prognostic analysis was performed with the GEPIA2 and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, and correlation analysis was assessed by GEPIA2. The CCK-8 and colony formation assay were performed to detect cell proliferation, wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration, cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry analysis, GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to detect the interaction of proteins, and the expression of MKRNs, p53 and other proteins were detect by immunoblotting analysis or quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS MKRN1 and MKRN2 were lowly expressed in KIRC samples compared to the corresponding normal tissues, and KIRC patients with high levels of MKRN1 and MKRN2 showed higher overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates. The overexpression of MKRN1 and MKRN2 inhibited the proliferation of human KIRC cells by arresting the cell cycles, but shows little effect on cells migration. The expression of MKRN1 and MKRN2 are correlated, and MKRN1 directly interacts with MKRN2. Moreover, both MKRN1 and MKRN2 were closely correlated with the expression of TP53 in KIRC tumor, and promoted the expression of p53 both at protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that MKRN1 and MKRN2 serve as tumor suppressors in KIRC, and act as promising therapeutic targets for KIRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yonghui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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10
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Zhou H, Cui F, Lv D, Gong Q, Wen J, Shuang W. Top 100 most-cited articles on renal cell carcinoma: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32926. [PMID: 36820552 PMCID: PMC9907913 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the top 100 most-cited articles on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using bibliometric methods based on the Web of Science core collection database and to explore the research status, hotspots, and emerging trends in RCC. METHODS The literature on RCC was searched in the Web of Science core collection database using a specific search strategy, and the types of literature were limited to articles and reviews, with no restrictions to language and publication date. The top 100 articles with the highest number of citations were extracted after the manual screening. The publication year, the number of citations, authors, country, institution, journal, and keywords of these articles were collected and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and visual analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R, and SPSS. RESULTS The number of citations of the top 100 articles varied from 541 to 4530, with a median citation count of 807.5, and the citation rates ranged from 13.8 to 448.4 citations per year. Motzer RJ (n = 22), Escudier B (n = 13), Rini BI (n = 13), and Hutson TE (n = 11) were major contributors to this research area, with Motzer RJ publishing 16 articles as the first author. The US (n = 73), France (n = 5), Canada (n = 4), and Sweden (n = 4) were the leading countries for RCC studies. MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER (n = 22) was the institution with the highest number of publications. These 100 articles were derived from 24 journals, and the New England Journal of Medicine had the largest number of articles published (n = 18, impact factor = 91.245). The keyword co-occurrence network analysis showed that research hotspots in this field included molecular mechanisms of RCC development and progression, surgical treatment, targeted drug-related clinical trials, and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION We analyzed the top 100 articles with the highest number of citations in the field of RCC and identified the influential authors, countries, institutions, and journals in this field. This study also presented the current research status, hotspots, and future trends in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fan Cui
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dingyang Lv
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Gong
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Wen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weibing Shuang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- * Correspondence: Weibing Shuang, Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China (e-mail: )
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11
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The von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutations Modulate Lipocalin-2 Expression in Ferroptotic-Inflammatory Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7736638. [PMID: 36718277 PMCID: PMC9884170 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7736638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A previous study of an animal model with tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) conditional knockdown suggested that tissue inflammation and fibrosis play important roles in the development of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is consistent with the epidemiological evidence linking inflammatory kidney disease and renal cancer. Ferroptosis and inflammation have been linked in a recent study, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the mechanism of lipocalin-2- (LCN-2-) mediated ferroptosis and inflammation in vhl-mutated HK-2 cells and mouse primary proximal tubule cells (mRTCs) and the polarization of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Based on the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in HK-2 cells, we observed that a VHL mutation increased ROS production and depressed GPX4 expression, whereas LCN-2 knockdown reversed these effects. Accordingly, VHL appears to affect ferroptosis in an LCN-2-dependent manner. We also revealed that LCN-2 sensitizes HK-2 cells to inflammation and macrophage RAW 264.7 cells to M1-like polarization. This study provides novel insights into the potential therapeutic target and strategy for attenuating the progression of ccRCC by revealing the role of VHL in regulating chronic inflammation within the LCN-2-ferroptosis pathway.
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12
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Fallah J, Brave MH, Weinstock C, Mehta GU, Bradford D, Gittleman H, Bloomquist EW, Charlab R, Hamed SS, Miller CP, Dorff SE, Chambers WA, Mixter BD, Dinin J, Pierce WF, Ricks TK, Tang S, Donoghue M, Pazdur R, Amiri-Kordestani L, Ibrahim A, Beaver JA. FDA Approval Summary: Belzutifan for von Hippel-Lindau Disease-Associated Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4843-4848. [PMID: 35727604 PMCID: PMC9669093 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
On August 13, 2021, the FDA approved belzutifan (WELIREG, Merck), a first-in-class hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibitor for adult patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who require therapy for associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), not requiring immediate surgery. The FDA granted approval based on the clinically meaningful effects on overall response rate (ORR) observed in patients enrolled in Study MK-6482-004. All 61 patients had VHL-associated RCC; some also had CNS hemangioblastomas and/or pNET. For VHL disease-associated RCC, ORR was 49% [95% confidence interval (CI), 36-62], median duration of response (DoR) was not reached, 56% of responders had DoR ≥12 months, and median time to response was 8 months. Twenty-four patients had measurable CNS hemangioblastomas with an ORR of 63% (95% CI, 41-81), and 12 patients had measurable pNET with an ORR of 83% (95% CI, 52-98). For these tumors, median DoR was not reached, with 73% and 50% of patients having response durations ≥12 months for CNS hemangioblastomas and pNET, respectively. The most common adverse reactions, including laboratory abnormalities, reported in ≥20% were anemia, fatigue, increased creatinine, headache, dizziness, increased glucose, and nausea. Belzutifan can render some hormonal contraceptives ineffective and can cause embryo-fetal harm during pregnancy. This article summarizes the data and the FDA thought process supporting traditional approval of belzutifan for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Fallah
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Michael H Brave
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Chana Weinstock
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Gautam U Mehta
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Diana Bradford
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Haley Gittleman
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Erik W. Bloomquist
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Rosane Charlab
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Salaheldin S Hamed
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Claudia P Miller
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sarah E. Dorff
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Wiley A Chambers
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bronwyn D Mixter
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jeannette Dinin
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - William F Pierce
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Tiffany K Ricks
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Shenghui Tang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Martha Donoghue
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard Pazdur
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.,Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Amna Ibrahim
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Julia A Beaver
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.,Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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13
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Chen YW, Rini BI, Beckermann KE. Emerging Targets in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4843. [PMID: 36230766 PMCID: PMC9561986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 (ipilimumab/nivolumab) or the IO combinations targeting PD-1 and anti-VEGF TKIs (pembrolizumab/axitinib, nivolumab/cabozantinib, pembrolizumab/lenvatinib) have demonstrated an overall survival benefit in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Despite this significant improvement in clinical outcomes in the frontline setting from IO/IO or the IO/TKI combinations, there is a subset of patients of advanced ccRCC that do not respond to such combinations or will lose the initial efficacy and have disease progression. Therefore, a remarkable unmet need exists to develop new therapeutics to improve outcomes. With an enhanced understanding of ccRCC biology and its interaction with the tumor microenvironment, several new therapies are under development targeting ccRCC metabolism, cytokine-signaling, alternative immune checkpoint proteins, and novel biological pathways. In addition, microbiome products enhancing IO response, antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted radionuclides are also being investigated. This review summarizes selected emerging agents that are under development in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian I. Rini
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Beckermann
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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14
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Zhu Y, Chen B, Yan J, Zhao W, Dou P, Sun N, Wang Y, Huang X. BNIP3 Upregulation Characterizes Cancer Cell Subpopulation With Increased Fitness and Proliferation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:923890. [PMID: 35912211 PMCID: PMC9326071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BNIP3 is a BH3-only protein with both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival roles depending on the cellular context. It remains unclear how BNIP3 RNA level dictates cell fate decisions of cancer cells. Here, we undertook a quantitative analysis of BNIP3 expression and functions in single-cell datasets of various epithelial malignancies. Our results demonstrated that BNIP3 upregulation characterizes cancer cell subpopulations with increased fitness and proliferation. We further validated the upregulation of BNIP3 in liver cancer 3D organoid cultures compared with 2D culture. Taken together, the combination of in silico perturbations using public single-cell datasets and experimental cancer modeling using organoids ushered in a new approach to address cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Zhu, ; Yaokai Wang, ; Xiaoyun Huang,
| | - Bowang Chen
- Department of Computational Oncology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junya Yan
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wendi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengli Dou
- Department of Experimental Cancer Modeling, Intelliphecy, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Computational Oncology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaokai Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Zhu, ; Yaokai Wang, ; Xiaoyun Huang,
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Computational Oncology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Zhu, ; Yaokai Wang, ; Xiaoyun Huang,
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15
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Qi S, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Novel Drugs with High Efficacy against Tumor Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136934. [PMID: 35805939 PMCID: PMC9267017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is involved in physiological and pathological processes in the body. Tumor angiogenesis is a key factor associated with tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, there is great interest in developing antiangiogenic strategies. Hypoxia is the basic initiating factor of tumor angiogenesis, which leads to the increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (Ang), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), etc. in hypoxic cells. The pathways of VEGF and Ang are considered to be critical steps in tumor angiogenesis. A number of antiangiogenic drugs targeting VEGF/VEGFR (VEGF receptor) or ANG/Tie2, or both, are currently being used for cancer treatment, or are still in various stages of clinical development or preclinical evaluation. This article aims to review the mechanisms of angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis and to focus on new drugs and strategies for the treatment of antiangiogenesis. However, antitumor angiogenic drugs alone may not be sufficient to eradicate tumors. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is considered a promising molecular target. The VEGFR system and its downstream signaling molecules depend on the function of HSP90. This article also briefly introduces the role of HSP90 in angiogenesis and some HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shoulong Deng
- National Health Commission (NHC) of China Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
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16
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Zhang L, Zhang M, Wang L, Li J, Yang T, Shao Q, Liang X, Ma M, Zhang N, Jing M, Song R, Fan J. Identification of CCL4 as an Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Tumor Proliferation and the Tumor Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694664. [PMID: 34900664 PMCID: PMC8652234 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed revolutionary advances taken in immunotherapy for various malignant tumors. However, immune-related molecules and their characteristics in the prediction of clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain largely unclear. C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 (CCL4) was extracted from the intersection analysis of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of four microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and immune-related gene lists in the ImmPort database using Cytoscape plug-ins and univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequential analysis revealed that CCL4 was highly expressed in ccRCC patients, and positively correlated with multiple clinicopathological characteristics, such as grade, stage and metastasis, while negatively with overall survival (OS). We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variant analysis (GSVA) with gene sets coexpressed with CCL4, and observed that gene sets positively related to CCL4 were enriched in tumor proliferation and immune-related pathways while metabolic activities in the negatively one. To further explore the correlation between CCL4 and immune-related biological process, the CIBERSORT algorithm, ESTIMATE method, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) score were employed to evaluate the tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics of each sample and confirmed that high CCL4 expression might give rise to high immune cell infiltration. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that CCL4 was positively correlated with common immune checkpoint genes, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3). Overall, this study demonstrated that CCL4 might serve as a potential immune-related prognostic biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in ccRCC. Moreover, CCL4 might contribute to TME modulation, indicating the mechanism CCL4 involved in tumor proliferation and metastasis, which could provide novel therapeutic perceptions for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Urology, Xi'an NO.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuya Shao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghai Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minxuan Jing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rundong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhai Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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17
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Kuhlman JJ, Frier QJ, Sumarriva D, Oberley M, Bolton D, Deveras RA. Germline VHL Mutation Discovered in Association with EGFR-Positive Lung Cancer and Metachronous Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1392-1398. [PMID: 34720947 PMCID: PMC8525297 DOI: 10.1159/000518318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
VHL is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3 that is classically associated with tumors of the eye and CNS, renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. We describe what appears to be the first report of an association between a germline VHL mutation and non-small cell lung cancer and metachronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our case involves a 63-year-old nonsmoking male who was initially diagnosed with EGFR mutation-positive metastatic nonsquamous, non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma, who subsequently developed HCC and squamous cell carcinoma of the femur despite first-line treatment with EGFR-blocking osimertinib. Caris molecular profiling unexpectedly identified a shared underlying VHL mutation in all 3 lesions. Genetic mapping through a machine learning-based tool called Genomic Prevalence Score (GPSai™) helped determine that the femur tumor was a metastatic lesion as opposed to a separate primary and that the HCC was a distinct primary malignancy. We not only highlight the association between these tumors and a VHL mutation but also emphasize the value of next-generation sequencing and a molecular disease classifier in a patient with multiple primaries, how it helps guide therapy, and its value in guiding future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Kuhlman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Quinn J Frier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Sumarriva
- Department of Molecular Science, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew Oberley
- Department of Hematopathology, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Danielle Bolton
- Hereditary Risks and Genetics, Center for Oncology, Halifax Health, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Ruby A Deveras
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Halifax Health, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA
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18
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Analyzing cancer gene expression data through the lens of normal tissue-specificity. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009085. [PMID: 34143767 PMCID: PMC8244857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic alterations that underlie cancer development are highly tissue-specific with the majority of driving alterations occurring in only a few cancer types and with alterations common to multiple cancer types often showing a tissue-specific functional impact. This tissue-specificity means that the biology of normal tissues carries important information regarding the pathophysiology of the associated cancers, information that can be leveraged to improve the power and accuracy of cancer genomic analyses. Research exploring the use of normal tissue data for the analysis of cancer genomics has primarily focused on the paired analysis of tumor and adjacent normal samples. Efforts to leverage the general characteristics of normal tissue for cancer analysis has received less attention with most investigations focusing on understanding the tissue-specific factors that lead to individual genomic alterations or dysregulated pathways within a single cancer type. To address this gap and support scenarios where adjacent normal tissue samples are not available, we explored the genome-wide association between the transcriptomes of 21 solid human cancers and their associated normal tissues as profiled in healthy individuals. While the average gene expression profiles of normal and cancerous tissue may appear distinct, with normal tissues more similar to other normal tissues than to the associated cancer types, when transformed into relative expression values, i.e., the ratio of expression in one tissue or cancer relative to the mean in other tissues or cancers, the close association between gene activity in normal tissues and related cancers is revealed. As we demonstrate through an analysis of tumor data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and normal tissue data from the Human Protein Atlas, this association between tissue-specific and cancer-specific expression values can be leveraged to improve the prognostic modeling of cancer, the comparative analysis of different cancer types, and the analysis of cancer and normal tissue pairs. The frequency and functional impact of the genetic alterations that drive human cancer are highly tissue-specific. This tissue-specificity implies that important information about cancer biology can be extracted from the features of associated normal tissues. The use of normal tissue genomic data for cancer analysis has primarily focused on paired tumor and adjacent normal samples. Less attention has been paid to pan-cancer approaches that use the general characteristics of normal tissue for cancer genomic analysis. To address this research gap, we explored the genome-wide association between the transcriptomes of 21 solid human cancers and their associated normal tissues as profiled in healthy individuals. We found a strong association between tissue-specific and cancer-specific expression, an association that can be leveraged to improve the prognostic modeling of cancer, the comparative analysis of different cancer types, and the analysis of cancer and normal tissue pairs.
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19
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Chakraborty S, Balan M, Sabarwal A, Choueiri TK, Pal S. Metabolic reprogramming in renal cancer: Events of a metabolic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188559. [PMID: 33965513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established that tumors can reprogram the pathways involved in nutrient uptake and metabolism to withstand the altered biosynthetic, bioenergetics and redox requirements of cancer cells. This phenomenon is called metabolic reprogramming, which is promoted by the loss of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Because of alterations and perturbations in multiple metabolic pathways, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is sometimes termed as a "metabolic disease". The majority of metabolic reprogramming in renal cancer is caused by the inactivation of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and activation of the Ras-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and Myc are other important players in the metabolic reprogramming of RCC. All types of RCCs are associated with reprogramming of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Metabolism of glutamine, tryptophan and arginine is also reprogrammed in renal cancer to favor tumor growth and oncogenesis. Together, understanding these modifications or reprogramming of the metabolic pathways in detail offer ample opportunities for the development of new therapeutic targets and strategies, discovery of biomarkers and identification of effective tumor detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Murugabaskar Balan
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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20
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Belisario DC, Kopecka J, Pasino M, Akman M, De Smaele E, Donadelli M, Riganti C. Hypoxia Dictates Metabolic Rewiring of Tumors: Implications for Chemoresistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122598. [PMID: 33291643 PMCID: PMC7761956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition commonly observed in the core of solid tumors. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response increasing the pro-survival and pro-invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and determine a broad metabolic rewiring. These events favor tumor progression and chemoresistance. The increase in glucose and amino acid uptake, glycolytic flux, and lactate production; the alterations in glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; the high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; the modulation of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are hallmarks of the metabolic rewiring induced by hypoxia. This review discusses how metabolic-dependent factors (e.g., increased acidification of tumor microenvironment coupled with intracellular alkalinization, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism), and metabolic-independent factors (e.g., increased expression of drug efflux transporters, stemness maintenance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition) cooperate in determining chemoresistance in hypoxia. Specific metabolic modifiers, however, can reverse the metabolic phenotype of hypoxic tumor areas that are more chemoresistant into the phenotype typical of chemosensitive cells. We propose these metabolic modifiers, able to reverse the hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring, as potential chemosensitizer agents against hypoxic and refractory tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Pasino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5857
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21
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Zamora-Fuentes JM, Hernández-Lemus E, Espinal-Enríquez J. Gene Expression and Co-expression Networks Are Strongly Altered Through Stages in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:578679. [PMID: 33240325 PMCID: PMC7669746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.578679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRC) is a highly heterogeneous and progressively malignant disease. Analyzing ccRC progression in terms of modifications at the molecular and genetic level may help us to develop a broader understanding of its patho-physiology and may give us a glimpse toward improved therapeutics. In this work, by using TCGA data, we studied the molecular progression of the four main ccRC stages (i, ii, iii, iv) in two different yet complementary approaches: (a) gene expression and (b) gene co-expression. For (a) we analyzed the differential gene expression between each stage and the control non-cancer group. We compared the progression molecular signature between stages, and observed those genes that change their expression patterns through progression stages. For (b) we constructed and analyzed co-expression networks for the four ccRC progression stages, as well as for the control phenotype, to observe whether and how the co-expression landscape changes with progression. We separated genomic interactions into intra-chromosome (cis-) and inter-chromosome (trans-). Finally, we intersected those networks and performed functional enrichment analysis. All calculations were made over different network sizes, from the top 100 edges to top 1,000,000. We show that differential expression is quite similar between ccRC progression stages. However, interestingly, two genes, namely SLC6A19 and PLG show a significant progressive decrease in their expression according to ccRC stage, meanwhile two other genes, SAA2-SAA4 and CXCL13 show progressive increase. Despite the high similarity between gene expression profiles, all networks are substantially different between them in terms of their topological features. Control network has a larger proportion of trans- interactions, meanwhile for any stage, the amount of cis- interactions is higher, independent of the network cut-off. The majority of interactions in any network are phenotype-specific. Only 189 interactions are shared between the five networks, and 533 edges are ccRC-specific, independent of the stage. The small resulting connected components in both cases are formed by genes with the same differential expression trend, and are associated with important biological processes, such as cell cycle or immune system, suggesting that activity of these categories follows the differential expression trend. With this approach we have shown that, even if the expression program is similar during ccRC progression, the co-expression programs strongly differ. More research is needed to understand the delicate interplay between expression and co-expression, but this is a first approach to enclose both approaches in an integrative view aimed at a deeper understanding in gene regulation in tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Espinal-Enríquez
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Huang JJ, Hsieh JJ. The Pan-Omics Landscape of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Implication on Future Clinical Practice. KIDNEY CANCER 2020; 4:121-129. [PMID: 33195887 PMCID: PMC7605346 DOI: 10.3233/kca-200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma has traditionally been classified based on histological features. Contemporary studies have identified genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic signatures that correspond to or even transcend histological subtypes. Much remains to be learned about improving the algorithm of pan-omics integration for precision oncology, which will not only advance our understanding of RCC pathobiology and treatment response but also result in novel therapeutic opportunities. Accordingly, this review focuses on recent RCC multi-omics literature. Encouragingly, a few reports on omics integration into routinely employed prognostic risk models have shown early promise that could lay the foundation for future development of precision kidney cancer therapies. Hence, this article serves as a primer on what we have learned and how we might better realize the clinical potential of the burgeoning pan-omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Huang
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Maleki Dana P, Reiter RJ, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Melatonin as a potential inhibitor of kidney cancer: A survey of the molecular processes. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2355-2365. [PMID: 32918860 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that despite the decreasing mortality rates of kidney cancer patients, its incidence is increasing. Therefore, a comprehensive re-evaluation of treatment options is necessary to provide appropriate treatments for the increasing number of patients. Moreover, the side effects caused by surgery, which is the main treatment of this disease, may lead to higher morbidity rates. Consequently, new safer approaches must be examined and considered. Major advancements have been made in the field of targeted agents as well as treatments based on immunotherapy since renal cell carcinoma (RCC) does not respond well to chemotherapy. While the therapeutic options for this cancer are increasing, the resulting complexity of selecting the best strategy for treating the patients is daunting. Moreover, each therapeutic option must be evaluated concerning toxicity, cost, and clinical advantages. Several characteristics, which are beneficial for cancer therapies have been attributed to melatonin. For decades, investigations have explored the application of melatonin in the treatment of cancer; insufficient attention has been paid to this molecule at the clinical level. Melatonin plays a role in cancer therapy due to its anti-tumor effects as well as by enhancing the efficacy of other drugs as an adjuvant. In this review, we discuss different roles of melatonin in the treatment of kidney cancer. The studies concerned with the applications of melatonin as an adjuvant in the immunotherapy of patients with kidney cancer are summarized. Also, we highlight the apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of melatonin on renal cancer cells which are mediated by different molecules (e.g., HIF-1 and VEGF, ADAMTS1, and MMP-9) and signaling pathways (e.g., P56, P52, and JNK). Furthermore, we take a look into available data on melatonin's ability to reduce the toxicities caused by kidney carcinogens, including ochratoxin A, potassium bromate, and Fe-NTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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24
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Xu WH, Xu Y, Tian X, Anwaier A, Liu WR, Wang J, Zhu WK, Cao DL, Wang HK, Shi GH, Qu YY, Zhang HL, Ye DW. Large-scale transcriptome profiles reveal robust 20-signatures metabolic prediction models and novel role of G6PC in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9012-9027. [PMID: 32567187 PMCID: PMC7417710 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and highly malignant pathological type of kidney cancer. We sought to establish a metabolic signature to improve post‐operative risk stratification and identify novel targets in the prediction models for ccRCC patients. A total of 58 metabolic differential expressed genes (MDEGs) were identified with significant prognostic value. LASSO regression analysis constructed 20‐mRNA signatures models, metabolic prediction models (MPMs), in ccRCC patients from two cohorts. Risk score of MPMs significantly predicts prognosis for ccRCC patients in TCGA (P < 0.001, HR = 3.131, AUC = 0.768) and CPTAC cohorts (P = 0.046, HR = 2.893, AUC = 0.777). In addition, G6PC, a hub gene in PPI network of MPMs, shows significantly prognostic value in 718 ccRCC patients from multiply cohorts. Next, G6Pase was detected high expressed in normal kidney tissues than ccRCC tissues. It suggested that low G6Pase expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.0001, HR = 0.316) and aggressive progression (P < 0.0001, HR = 0.414) in 322 ccRCC patients from FUSCC cohort. Meanwhile, promoter methylation level of G6PC was significantly higher in ccRCC samples with aggressive progression status. G6PC significantly participates in abnormal immune infiltration of ccRCC microenvironment, showing significantly negative association with check‐point immune signatures, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, etc. In conclusion, this study first provided the opportunity to comprehensively elucidate the prognostic MDEGs landscape, established novel prognostic model MPMs using large‐scale ccRCC transcriptome data and identified G6PC as potential prognostic target in 1,040 ccRCC patients from multiply cohorts. These finding could assist in managing risk assessment and shed valuable insights into treatment strategies of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Rui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Kai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Long Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Gläsker S, Vergauwen E, Koch CA, Kutikov A, Vortmeyer AO. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5669-5690. [PMID: 32606780 PMCID: PMC7305855 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumor growth has an increasing impact on the development of diagnostics and targeted therapy of human neoplasia. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms and their clinical implications in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. This autosomal dominant tumor syndrome usually manifests in young adulthood and predisposes affected patients to the development of benign and malignant tumors of different organ systems mainly including the nervous system and internal organs. A consequent screening and timely preventive treatment of lesions are crucial for patients affected by VHL disease. Surgical indications and treatment have been evaluated and optimized over many years. In the last decade, pharmacological therapies have been evolving, but are largely still at an experimental stage. Effective pharmacological therapy as well as detection of biomarkers is based on the understanding of the molecular basis of disease. The molecular basis of von Hippel-Lindau disease is the loss of function of the VHL protein and subsequent accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor with downstream effects on cellular metabolism and differentiation. Organs affected by VHL disease may develop frank tumors. More characteristically, however, they reveal multiple separate microscopic foci of neoplastic cell proliferation. The exact mechanisms of tumorigenesis in VHL disease are, however, still not entirely understood and knowledge on biomarkers and targeted therapy is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gläsker
- Neurosurgical Practise Lake Constance, Singen (Hohentwiel), Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, VUB University Medical Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelynn Vergauwen
- Department of Neurosurgery, VUB University Medical Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alexander O Vortmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Zhou W, Yang F, Xu Z, Luo M, Wang P, Guo Y, Nie H, Yao L, Jiang Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number Variations in Kidney Cancer by Single-Cell Exome Sequencing. Front Genet 2020; 10:1379. [PMID: 32038722 PMCID: PMC6989475 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and lethal subtype of kidney cancer. VHL and PBRM1 are the top two significantly mutated genes in ccRCC specimens, while the genetic mechanism of the VHL/PBRM1-negative ccRCC remains to be elucidated. Here we carried out a comprehensive analysis of single-cell genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in VHL/PBRM1-negative ccRCC. Genomic CNVs were identified at the single-cell level, and the tumor cells showed widespread amplification and deletion across the whole genome. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the amplified genes are significantly enriched in cancer-related signaling transduction pathways. Besides, receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes also showed widespread copy number variations in cancer cells. Our studies indicated that the genomic CNVs in RTK genes and downstream signaling transduction pathways may be involved in VHL/PBRM1-negative ccRCC pathogenesis and progression, and highlighted the role of the comprehensive investigation of genomic CNVs at the single-cell level in both clarifying pathogenic mechanism and identifying potential therapeutic targets in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaochun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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27
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Wang J, Qi F, Zhang P, Xu Z, Zheng Y, Cai H, Yu B, Xu T, Li X, Zou Q. Clinical characteristics and genetic testing of an atypical familial von Hippel-Lindauzon renal cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 7:677. [PMID: 31930078 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background A case of familial bilateral von Hippel-Lindauzon (VHL) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was retrospectively reviewed and the etiological diagnosis was based on clinical characteristics and genetic testing. Methods The clinical manifestations and imaging data were gained from the hospital information system (HIS). Peripheral blood samples were collected and genomic DNA and RNA were extracted. Additionally, mutations of VHL gene such as tiny insertion and deletion of base, point mutation and large deletion of gene were then detected and analyzed by DNA sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR and RT-PCR. Results Real-time quantitative PCR and RT-PCR products sequencing showed that the number of VHL gene copies in peripheral blood of the patient was decreased, and pathological germline mutation was detected caused by single copy deletion of exon 2 of VHL gene. The patient was diagnosed as atypical VHL RCC according to clinical manifestations and genetic testing outcomes. Conclusions VHL RCC can be diagnosed based on its clinical manifestations and genetic testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of PET-CT, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zicheng Xu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing Zou
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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28
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Guo X, Gao L, Hong X, Guo D, Di W, Wang X, Xu Z, Xing B. Whole-exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry findings in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e880. [PMID: 31317677 PMCID: PMC6732316 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease has a hereditary, autosomal dominant pattern, and multiple tumors can develop in multiple organs of a single patient. However, the exact mechanisms of tumorigenesis are unclear, and further studies are needed to clarify whether the same signaling pathways are involved in different VHL‐related tumors. Methods Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of tumor and paired peripheral blood samples were performed for a VHL disease pedigree. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify candidate somatic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) present in all tumor tissues. Sanger sequencing was then used to validate the SNVs identified using WES. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze components of the mTOR pathway, which was abnormally activated in tumor tissues. Results Two hemangioblastomas and two renal cell carcinomas were sequenced. The bioinformatics analysis revealed a VHL somatic variant in all tumors; no other SNV was detected. Immunohistochemistry showed the abnormal expression of the phospho‐S6 ribosomal protein in the hemangioblastomas, but not in the renal clear cell carcinomas. Conclusion Except for a SNV in the VHL gene, no other somatic SNVs were detected using WES. The phospho‐S6 ribosomal protein in the mTOR pathway is a potential target in VHL‐related cerebellum hemangioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiafei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Corelabs, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Bio-bank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Di
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Weihui, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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29
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Gul A, Rini BI. Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2019; 125:2935-2944. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gul
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Ohio
| | - Brian I. Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Ohio
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30
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miRNA-21 promotes cell proliferation and invasion via VHL/PI3K/AKT in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Hum Cell 2019; 32:428-436. [PMID: 31161410 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main kind of thyroid carcinoma, most of which are diagnosed in women. MiR-21 has been reported to be upregulated in multiple cancers to effect tumor growth. However, the role of miR-21 in PTC development remains unclear. In this present study, miR-21 and VHL expressions in PTC tissues and cells were evaluated by RT-qPCR and/or western blot. MTT assay and transwell assay were employed to assess cell proliferative and invasive abilities, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to identify the target of miR-21and explore its roles in PTC. MiR-21 was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells. Ectopic of miR-21 expression promoted cell proliferative and invasive abilities, while knockdown miR-21 suppressed these in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells. Overexpression of miR-21 predicted poor prognosis in PTC. What is more, luciferase reporter assays showed miR-21 can directly target VHL in PTC cells. Knockdown of miR-21 expression inhibited TPC-1 and BCPAP cell invasion-mediated EMT and proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, VHL reverses partial function of miR-21 on PTC cell proliferation and invasion. MiR-21 can inhibit cell proliferation and invasion by regulated VHL in PTC cells. The newly identified miR-21/VHL axis might provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis and therapy of PTC.
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31
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Li L, Miao W, Huang M, Williams P, Wang Y. Integrated Genomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal Novel Mechanisms of the Methyltransferase SETD2 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:437-447. [PMID: 30487242 PMCID: PMC6398210 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of RCC in humans. SET domain-containing 2 (SETD2), a lysine methyltransferase for histone and other proteins, has been found to be frequently lost in ccRCC. However, the mechanisms through which deficiency in SETD2 contributes to ccRCC development remain largely unknown. Here, we used a human embryonic kidney epithelial cell line with the SETD2 gene being knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Using ChIP-seq analysis, we showed that SETD2 loss leads to diminished occupancy of histone H3K36me3 and H4K16ac on actively transcribed genes. Transcriptome sequencing of the knockout cells revealed diminished expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and elevated expression of genes involved in regulation of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Quantitative proteomic analysis of chromatin-associated proteins showed that genetic ablation of SETD2 leads to elevated chromatin occupancy of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and RNA polymerase II transcription regulation, and diminished chromatin binding of proteins involved in translation elongation and RNA splicing. Interestingly, we found that SETD2 depletion attenuates cell proliferation, and this can be rescued by knockdown of CDK1. Taken together, we illustrate multiple SETD2-regulated cellular pathways that suppress cancer development and uncover mechanisms underlying aberrant cell cycle regulation in SETD2-depleted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Weili Miao
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ming Huang
- §Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Preston Williams
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
- §Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Expression profile and bioinformatics analysis of COMMD10 in BALB/C mice and human. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:216-225. [PMID: 30787448 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
COMMD10, a member of COMMD protein, has been proved to target p65 NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) subunit and reduce its nuclear translocation, thereby leading to the inactivation of NF-kappaB pathway and suppression of colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study is to explore its expression pattern and tissue distribution in human normal tissues and other tumor tissues and to investigate the relevant mechanism. We firstly provided the expression profile and histological distribution of COMMD10 in various BALB/c mice tissues and identified the biological distribution of COMMD10 in different kinds of human normal and tumor tissues. We verified the expression profile of COMMD10 using TCGA database. The interacting genes of COMMD10 were predicted by using STRING using. Finally, we performed database, and the microRNAs targeting COMMD10 were predicted using miRDB, miRWalk, TargetScan and microRNA. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to predict the biological function of COMMD10 and its interacting genes. mRNA expression of COMMD10 showed the highest level in the lung and spleen, and the lowest level in the heart and brain. Immunohistochemistry detection revealed that COMMD10 was expressed in different tissues with different degrees and was was located mainly in the cytoplasm. Subsequently, we showed that COMMD10 displayed various degrees of expression in different human normal tissues that mainly located in cytoplasm, while COMMD10 of liver cells resided in both nucleus and cytoplasm. All the tumor tissues except breast small cell carcinoma, breast phyllodes tumor, lung adenocarcinoma, thymoma, cervical cancer and bladder urothelial carcinoma showed that COMMD10 was positive staining in cytoplasm. Kaplan-Meier plotter indicated that renal clear cell carcinoma patients with increased expression level of COMMD10 exhibited longer survival. STRING database revealed that COMMD10 had 41 interacting genes, and data from 4 different databases indicated that hsa-miR-590-3p may be the potential regulator of COMMD10. GO analysis demonstrated that COMMD10 and its interacting genes were mainly enriched in Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes, binding and transport of copper ions, the transport and steady-state maintenance of copper ions, transcription, translation and transport of proteins, and negatively regulate the activity of NF-kappaB transcription factors. KEGG pathway showed that COMMD10 and its interacting genes were mainly involved in renal cell carcinoma, HIF-1 signaling pathways, ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis, endocytosis and mineral absorption. COMMD10 may play a tumor suppressive role in renal clear cell carcinoma through the miR-590-3p-COMMD10-Cul2-RBX1-NF-κB/HIF/NRF2 pathway and regulate the chemotherapy resistance of various tumor cells to cisplatin.
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Green YS, Sargis T, Reichert EC, Rudasi E, Fuja D, Jonasch E, Koh MY. Hypoxia-Associated Factor (HAF) Mediates Neurofibromin Ubiquitination and Degradation Leading to Ras-ERK Pathway Activation in Hypoxia. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1220-1232. [PMID: 30705246 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen or hypoxia is a feature of all solid tumors and has been associated with aggressive disease. Here, we describe a novel mechanism for the hypoxia-dependent degradation of the Ras-GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin, by hypoxia-associated factor (HAF). We have previously characterized HAF as an oxygen-independent ubiquitin ligase for HIF-1α. Here, we show that HAF promotes neurofibromin ubiquitination and degradation independently of oxygen and pVHL, resulting in Ras-ERK pathway activation. Hypoxia enhanced HAF:neurofibromin binding independently of HAF-SUMOylation, whereas HAF knockdown increased neurofibromin levels primarily in hypoxia, supporting the role of HAF as a hypoxia-specific neurofibromin regulator. HAF overexpression increased p-ERK levels and promoted resistance of clear cell kidney cancer (ccRCC) cells to sorafenib and sunitinib in both normoxia and hypoxia. However, a greater-fold increase in sorafenib/sunitinib resistance was observed during hypoxia, particularly in pVHL-deficient cells. Intriguingly, HAF-mediated resistance was HIF-2α-dependent in normoxia, but HIF-2α-independent in hypoxia indicating two potential mechanisms of HAF-mediated resistance: a HIF-2α-dependent pathway dominant in normoxia, and the direct activation of the Ras-ERK pathway through neurofibromin degradation dominant in hypoxia. Patients with ccRCC with high HAF transcript or protein levels showed significantly decreased overall survival compared with those with low HAF. Thus, we establish a novel, nonmutational pathway of neurofibromin inactivation through hypoxia-induced HAF-mediated degradation, leading to Ras-ERK activation and poor prognosis in ccRCC. IMPLICATIONS: We describe a novel mechanism of neurofibromin degradation induced by hypoxia that leads to activation of the prooncogenic Ras-ERK pathway and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsook Song Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Timothy Sargis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Eleanor Rudasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daniel Fuja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei Yee Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Evelönn EA, Landfors M, Haider Z, Köhn L, Ljungberg B, Roos G, Degerman S. DNA methylation associates with survival in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:65. [PMID: 30642274 PMCID: PMC6332661 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis if metastasized. Up to one third of patients with local disease at diagnosis will develop metastasis after nephrectomy, and there is a need for new molecular markers to identify patients with high risk of tumor progression. In the present study, we performed genome-wide promoter DNA methylation analysis at diagnosis to identify DNA methylation profiles associated with risk for progress. METHOD Diagnostic tissue samples from 115 ccRCC patients were analysed by Illumina HumanMethylation450K arrays and methylation status of 155,931 promoter associated CpGs were related to genetic aberrations, gene expression and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The ccRCC samples separated into two clusters (cluster A/B) based on genome-wide promoter methylation status. The samples in these clusters differed in tumor diameter (p < 0.001), TNM stage (p < 0.001), morphological grade (p < 0.001), and patients outcome (5 year cancer specific survival (pCSS5yr) p < 0.001 and cumulative incidence of progress (pCIP5yr) p < 0.001. An integrated genomic and epigenomic analysis in the ccRCCs, revealed significant correlations between the total number of genetic aberrations and total number of hypermethylated CpGs (R = 0.435, p < 0.001), and predicted mitotic age (R = 0.407, p < 0.001). We identified a promoter methylation classifier (PMC) panel consisting of 172 differently methylated CpGs accompanying progress of disease. Classifying non-metastatic patients using the PMC panel showed that PMC high tumors had a worse prognosis compared with the PMC low tumors (pCIP5yr 38% vs. 8%, p = 0.001), which was confirmed in non-metastatic ccRCCs in the publically available TCGA-KIRC dataset (pCIP5yr 39% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DNA methylation analysis at diagnosis in ccRCC has the potential to improve outcome-prediction in non-metastatic patients at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Andersson Evelönn
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Köhn
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Niu N, Li Z, Zhu M, Sun H, Yang J, Xu S, Zhao W, Song R. Effects of nuclear respiratory factor‑1 on apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by cobalt chloride in H9C2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2153-2163. [PMID: 30628711 PMCID: PMC6390059 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced apoptosis occurs in various diseases. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is a hypoxia mimic agent that is frequently used in studies investigating the mechanisms of hypoxia. Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) is a transcription factor with an important role in the expression of mitochondrial respiratory and mitochondria-associated genes. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of NRF-1 on apoptosis, particularly with regard to damage caused by CoCl2. In the present study, the role of NRF-1 in mediating CoCl2-induced apoptosis was investigated using cell viability analysis, flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, western blotting analysis, energy metabolism analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present results revealed that the apoptosis caused by CoCl2 could be alleviated by NRF-1. Furthermore, overexpression of NRF-1 increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2, hypoxia inducible factor-1α and NRF-2. Also, cell damage induced by CoCl2 may be associated with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and NRF-1 suppressed this effect. Notably, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was reduced in CoCl2-treated cells, whereas overexpression of NRF-1 enhanced the OCR, suggesting that NRF-1 had protective effects. In summary, the present study demonstrated that NRF-1 protected against CoCl2-induced apoptosis, potentially by strengthening mitochondrial function to resist CoCl2-induced damage to H9C2 cells. The results of the present study provide a possible way for the investigation of myocardial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
| | - Shimei Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750001, P.R. China
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Chappell JC, Payne LB, Rathmell WK. Hypoxia, angiogenesis, and metabolism in the hereditary kidney cancers. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:442-451. [PMID: 30614813 DOI: 10.1172/jci120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of hereditary kidney cancer has begun to mature following the identification of several germline syndromes that define genetic and molecular features of this cancer. Molecular defects within these hereditary syndromes demonstrate consistent deficits in angiogenesis and metabolic signaling, largely driven by altered hypoxia signaling. The classical mutation, loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, provides a human pathogenesis model for critical aspects of pseudohypoxia. These features are mimicked in a less common hereditary renal tumor syndrome, known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma. Here, we review renal tumor angiogenesis and metabolism from a HIF-centric perspective, considering alterations in the hypoxic landscape, and molecular deviations resulting from high levels of HIF family members. Mutations underlying HIF deregulation drive multifactorial aberrations in angiogenic signals and metabolism. The mechanisms by which these defects drive tumor growth are still emerging. However, the distinctive patterns of angiogenesis and glycolysis-/glutamine-dependent bioenergetics provide insight into the cellular environment of these cancers. The result is a scenario permissive for aggressive tumorigenesis especially within the proximal renal tubule. These features of tumorigenesis have been highly actionable in kidney cancer treatments, and will likely continue as central tenets of kidney cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Mutated Von Hippel-Lindau-renal cell carcinoma (RCC) promotes patients specific natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:297. [PMID: 30514329 PMCID: PMC6278085 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous evidence demonstrated that restoration of wild type VHL in human renal cancer cells decreased in vitro NK susceptibility. To investigate on the role of tumoral VHL status versus NK capability in renal cancer patients, 51 RCC patients were characterized for VHL mutational status and NK function. Methods VHL mutational status was determined by direct DNA sequencing on tumor tissue. NK cytotoxicity was measured against specific target cells K562, VHL-wild type (CAKI-1) and VHL-mutated (A498) human renal cancer cells through externalization of CD107a and IFN-γ production. Activating NK receptors, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, DNAM-1, NCAM-1 and FcγRIIIa were evaluated through quantitative RT-PCR. RCC tumoral Tregs were characterized as CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxp3+ and Treg function was evaluated as inhibition of T-effector proliferation. Results VHL mutations were detected in 26/55 (47%) RCC patients. IL-2 activated whole-blood samples (28 VHL-WT-RCC and 23 VHL-MUT-RCC) were evaluated for NK cytotoxicity toward human renal cancer cells A498, VHL-MUT and CAKI-1, VHL-WT. Efficient NK degranulation and increase in IFN-γ production was detected when IL-2 activated whole-blood from VHL-MUT-RCC patients were tested toward A498 as compared to CAKI-1 cells (CD107a+NK: 7 ± 2% vs 1 ± 0.41%, p = 0.015; IFN-γ+NK: 6.26 ± 3.4% vs 1.78 ± 0.9% respectively). In addition, IL-2 activated NKs induced higher CD107a exposure in the presence of RCC autologous tumor cells or A498 as compared to SN12C (average CD107a+NK: 4.7 and 2.7% vs 0.3% respectively at 10E:1 T ratio). VHL-MUT-RCC tumors were NKp46+ cells infiltrated and expressed high NKp30 and NKp46 receptors as compared to VHL-WT-RCC tumors. A significant lower number of Tregs was detected in the tumor microenvironment of 13 VHL-MUT-RCC as compared to 13 VHL-WT-RCC tumors (1.84 ± 0.36% vs 3.79 ± 0.74% respectively, p = 0.04). Tregs isolated from VHL-MUT-RCC patients were less suppressive of patients T effector proliferation compared to Tregs from VHL-WT-RCC patients (Teff proliferation: 6.7 ± 3.9% vs 2.8 ± 1.1%). Conclusions VHL tumoral mutations improve NKs effectiveness in RCC patients and need to be considered in the evaluation of immune response. Moreover therapeutic strategies designed to target NK cells could be beneficial in VHL-mutated-RCCs alone or in association with immune checkpoints inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0952-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Liu J, Liu Z, Liu Q, Li L, Fan X, Wen T, An G. CLEC3B is downregulated and inhibits proliferation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2023-2035. [PMID: 30066941 PMCID: PMC6111577 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of C-Type Lectin Domain Family 3 Member B (CLEC3B) in serum or tumor tissues has been reported in patients with various cancer types. However, the expression and function of CLEC3B in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unknown. To examine the function of CLEC3B in ccRCC, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were examined to determine the expression of CLEC3B at the transcriptional level and it was demonstrated that CLEC3B mRNA was significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues (P<0.0001 and P=0.0392 in TCGA and GEO databases, respectively). The downregulation of CLEC3B was further validated at the protein level in 78.9% of ccRCCs by immunohistochemistry. To investigate the potential genetic mechanism for CLEC3B downregulation in ccRCC, copy number analysis was performed by profiling the copy number variation data from the TCGA project and it was revealed that the copy number loss of CLEC3B was prevalent in up to 88.1% of patients with ccRCC. CLEC3B genetic deletion was coupled with the well-known genetic loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, which is a characteristic oncogenic event during ccRCC carcinogenesis. The downregulation of CLEC3B was associated with tumor progression and predicted unfavorable prognostic outcomes in the TCGA cohort. Real-time cell analyzer system technology revealed that CLEC3B inhibited the proliferation of ccRCC cell lines in vitro and that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may contribute to this process. CLEC3B demonstrated substantial positive associations with proliferation inhibitors, but inverse associations with proliferation inducers and markers in two large ccRCC cohorts, suggesting that CLEC3B was able to identify ccRCCs with a lower proliferation capacity. In conclusion, the results of the present study propose that CLEC3B is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lina Li
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Counihan JL, Grossman EA, Nomura DK. Cancer Metabolism: Current Understanding and Therapies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6893-6923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Counihan
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Grossman
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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40
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Chiang YC, Park IY, Terzo EA, Tripathi DN, Mason FM, Fahey CC, Karki M, Shuster CB, Sohn BH, Chowdhury P, Powell RT, Ohi R, Tsai YS, de Cubas AA, Khan A, Davis IJ, Strahl BD, Parker JS, Dere R, Walker CL, Rathmell WK. SETD2 Haploinsufficiency for Microtubule Methylation Is an Early Driver of Genomic Instability in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3135-3146. [PMID: 29724720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) occurs early in >95% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Nearly ubiquitous 3p loss in ccRCC suggests haploinsufficiency for 3p tumor suppressors as early drivers of tumorigenesis. We previously reported methyltransferase SETD2, which trimethylates H3 histones on lysine 36 (H3K36me3) and is located in the 3p deletion, to also trimethylate microtubules on lysine 40 (αTubK40me3) during mitosis, with αTubK40me3 required for genomic stability. We now show that monoallelic, Setd2-deficient cells retaining H3K36me3, but not αTubK40me3, exhibit a dramatic increase in mitotic defects and micronuclei count, with increased viability compared with biallelic loss. In SETD2-inactivated human kidney cells, rescue with a pathogenic SETD2 mutant deficient for microtubule (αTubK40me3), but not histone (H3K36me3) methylation, replicated this phenotype. Genomic instability (micronuclei) was also a hallmark of patient-derived cells from ccRCC. These data show that the SETD2 tumor suppressor displays a haploinsufficiency phenotype disproportionately impacting microtubule methylation and serves as an early driver of genomic instability.Significance: Loss of a single allele of a chromatin modifier plays a role in promoting oncogenesis, underscoring the growing relevance of tumor suppressor haploinsufficiency in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3135-46. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chen Chiang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - In-Young Park
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Esteban A Terzo
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Durga Nand Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank M Mason
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Catherine C Fahey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Menuka Karki
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Charles B Shuster
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Bo-Hwa Sohn
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Pratim Chowdhury
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Reid T Powell
- Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yihsuan S Tsai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Aguirre A de Cubas
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abid Khan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian J Davis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruhee Dere
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Su Z, Zhang M, Xu M, Li X, Tan J, Xu Y, Pan X, Chen N, Chen X, Zhou Q. MicroRNA181c inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and invasion by targeting multiple ERK signaling pathway components. Prostate 2018; 78:343-352. [PMID: 29341215 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ERK signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in tumorigenesis, mostly by classical mechanisms such as gene mutation of its components (eg, RAS and RAF). However, whether and how multiple key components of ERK pathway are regulated by microRNAs are not clear. METHODS We firstly predicted post-transcriptional regulation of multiple key components of the ERK signaling pathway by miR181c through bioinformatics analysis, and then confirmed the post-transcriptional regulation by dual luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blot analysis. The biological effects of miR181c on prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were measured by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound scratch assay, transwell cell migration, and invasion assays. RESULTS miR181c post-transcriptionally regulated multiple key members of the ERK signaling pathway, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), serum response factor (SRF), and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-Fos). Ectopic expression of miR181c mimics effectively suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR181c treatment combined with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib significantly enhanced these anti-tumor effects. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of miR181c results in deregulated ERK signaling and promotes prostate cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Su
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengni Zhang
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinglan Li
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junya Tan
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyi Xu
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyi Pan
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rabjerg M, Guerra B, Oliván-Viguera A, Mikkelsen MLN, Köhler R, Issinger OG, Marcussen N. Nuclear localization of the CK2α-subunit correlates with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1613-1627. [PMID: 27906674 PMCID: PMC5352082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2α, one of the two catalytic isoforms of the protein kinase CK2 has been shown to contribute to tumor development, tumor proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in various malignancies. We conducted this study to investigate CK2 expression in different subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and in the benign oncocytoma. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses revealed that CK2α expression was significantly increased at the mRNA and protein levels in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Also the kinase activity of CK2 was significantly increased in ccRCC compared to normal renal cortex. Nuclear protein expression of CK2α correlated in univariate analysis with poor Progression Free Survival (HR = 8.11, p = 0.016). Functional analyses (cell proliferation assay) revealed an inhibitory effect of Caki-2 cell growth following CK2 inhibition with CX-4945. Our results suggest that CK2α promotes migration and invasion of ccRCC and therefore could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rabjerg
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Barbara Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Aida Oliván-Viguera
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), IACS, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), IACS, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
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Lolli C, Basso U, Derosa L, Scarpi E, Sava T, Santoni M, Crabb SJ, Massari F, Aieta M, Conteduca V, Maruzzo M, La Russa F, Wheater M, Berardi R, Galli L, De Giorgi U. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts the clinical outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer treated with sunitinib. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54564-54571. [PMID: 27409344 PMCID: PMC5342364 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this retrospective analysis, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, at baseline and changes at week 6 during first-line sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). Results Patients were stratified into high SII (≥ 730) and low SII (< 730) groups. SII was associated with objective response, p < 0.0001. The median PFS was 6.3 months (95% CI 5.5–8.9) in patients with SII ≥ 730 and 18.7 months (95% CI 14.7–22.8) in those with SII < 730, p < 0.0001. The median OS was 43.6 months (95% CI 35.3–52.1) in patients with SII < 730, and 13.5 months (95% CI 9.8–18.5) in those with SII ≥ 730, p < 0.0001. In multivariate analysis, performance status, IMDC score and SII were able to predict OS (HR = 3.29, HR = 1.71 and HR = 1.79, respectively). Materials and Methods We included 335 consecutive RCC patients treated with first-line sunitinib. The X-tile 3.6.1 software (Yale University, New Haven, CT) was used for bioinformatic analysis of the data to determine the cutoff value of SII. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with logrank test. The impact of SII conversion at week 6 of treatment on PFS and OS was evaluated by Cox regression analyses. Conclusions The SII and its changes during treatment represent a powerful prognostic indicator of clinical outcome in patients with metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Oncology Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Teodoro Sava
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi and G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Massari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy.,Present address: Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marco Maruzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca La Russa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matthew Wheater
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi and G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Oncology Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Cai L, Wang W, Li X, Dong T, Zhang Q, Zhu B, Zhao H, Wu S. MicroRNA-21-5p induces the metastatic phenotype of human cervical carcinoma cells in vitro by targeting the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5213-5219. [PMID: 29552160 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, are determining regulatory elements involved in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer, including cervical cancer (CC). Although miR-21-5p upregulation has been demonstrated to associate with tumorigenesis by controlling the expression of oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes, only a small number of studies have investigated the expression of miR-21-5p and its functional role in CC. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of miR-21-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of CC cells, and the potential underlying molecular mechanism of these effects. The measurement of miR-21-5p levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that miR-21-5p was markedly increased in CC cell lines compared with normal cells. Upon silencing of miR-21-5p, a marked suppression of the proliferation, migration and invasion of CaSki cells was observed, with induction of cell apoptosis. These effects were reversed with miR-21-5p overexpression. A database search followed by a luciferase reporter assay ascertained that the 3'-untranslated region of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) mRNA sequence was a direct target of miR-21-5p. Furthermore, silencing of VHL neutralized the effects of miR-21-5p inhibition. These observations suggested that miR-21-5p is an oncogene that is able to promote the metastatic phenotype of CC cells through downregulation of VHL expression, which may present a path to novel therapeutic stratagems for the CC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Wuliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Tieli Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Baojv Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
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45
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Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) downregulate antigen-presenting MHC class I molecules limiting tumor cell recognition by T cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187314. [PMID: 29155844 PMCID: PMC5695785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers are known to downregulate Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I expression thereby escaping recognition and rejection by anti-tumor T cells. Here we report that oxygen tension in the tumor microenvironment (TME) serves as an extrinsic cue that regulates antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules. In support of this view, hypoxia is shown to negatively regulate MHC expression in a HIF-dependent manner as evidenced by (i) lower MHC expression in the hypoxic TME in vivo and in hypoxic 3-dimensional (3D) but not 2-dimensional (2D) tumor cell cultures in vitro; (ii) decreased MHC in human renal cell carcinomas with constitutive expression of HIF due to genetic loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) function as compared with isogenically paired cells with restored VHL function, and iii) increased MHC in tumor cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF. In addition, hypoxia downregulated antigen presenting proteins like TAP 1/2 and LMP7 that are known to have a dominant role in surface display of peptide-MHC complexes. Corroborating oxygen-dependent regulation of MHC antigen presentation, hyperoxia (60% oxygen) transcriptionally upregulated MHC expression and increased levels of TAP2, LMP2 and 7. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which intra-tumoral hypoxia and HIF can potentiate immune escape. It also suggests the use of hyperoxia to improve tumor cell-based cancer vaccines and for mining novel immune epitopes. Furthermore, this study highlights the advantage of 3D cell cultures in reproducing hypoxia-dependent changes observed in the TME.
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46
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Bondanese VP, Lamboux A, Simon M, Lafont JE, Albalat E, Pichat S, Vanacker JM, Telouk P, Balter V, Oger P, Albarède F. Hypoxia induces copper stable isotope fractionation in hepatocellular carcinoma, in a HIF-independent manner. Metallomics 2017; 8:1177-1184. [PMID: 27500357 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00102e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. The unrestrained proliferation of tumour cells leads to tumour hypoxia which in turn promotes cancer aggressiveness. While changes in the concentration of copper (Cu) have long been observed upon cancerization, we have recently reported that the isotopic composition of copper is also altered in several types of cancer. In particular, we showed that in hepatocellular carcinoma, tumour tissue contains heavier copper compared to the surrounding parenchyma. However, the reasons behind such isotopic signature remained elusive. Here we show that hypoxia causes heavy copper enrichment in several human cell lines. We also demonstrate that this effect of hypoxia is pH, HIF-1 and -2 independent. Our data identify a previously unrecognized cellular process associated with hypoxia, and suggests that in vivo tumour hypoxia determines copper isotope fractionation in HCC and other solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Bondanese
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Aline Lamboux
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Melanie Simon
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Jérôme E Lafont
- Institute for Biology and Chemistry of Proteins, CNRS, UMR 5305 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Albalat
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Sylvain Pichat
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Telouk
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Vincent Balter
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Philippe Oger
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Francis Albarède
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69342, Lyon, France.
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Diodati L, Carpi A. Recent Advances in Comprehending the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Progression of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2321. [PMID: 29099748 PMCID: PMC5713290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the comprehension of signaling pathways involved in breast cancer progression. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), caveolae signaling, signaling referred to hypoxia-inducing factors and disturbances in the apoptotic machinery are related to more general biological mechanisms and are considered first. The others refer to signaling pathways of more specific biological mechanisms, namely the heparin/heparin-sulfate interactome, over-expression of miRNA-378a-5p, restriction of luminal and basal epithelial cells, fatty-acid synthesis, molecular pathways related to epithelial to mesenchimal transition (EMT), HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein expression, and the expression of other members of the epithelial growth factor receptor family. This progress in basic research is fundamental to foster the ongoing efforts that use the new genotyping technologies, and aim at defining new prognostic and predictive biomarkers for a better personalized management of breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Diodati
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Enhanced HIF2α expression during human trophoblast differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast suppresses transcription of placental growth factor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12455. [PMID: 28963486 PMCID: PMC5622029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF), abundantly produced from trophoblasts is involved in placental angiogenesis. The regulatory mechanism of its expression is poorly understood. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are centrally involved in the modulation of cellular function in response to low oxygen conditions. This study aimed to clarify HIF1α and HIF2α expression patterns during cytotrophoblast differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast and the impact of any changes on PlGF expression. HIF proteins were induced remarkably under low oxygen condition (2%). HIF1α expression decreased and HIF2α expression increased when syncytialization of cultured cytotrophoblasts is progressed. Those expression changes of HIF proteins in the process of in-vitro syncytialization was congruent with the immunohistochemical findings in preeclamptic placenta as well as uncomplicated placenta. Low oxygen condition was also associated with reduced PlGF production in syncytializing primary cells and BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated HIF2α knockdown in BeWo cells abrogated hypoxia-associated decreases in PlGF secretion; HIF1α silencing had no significant effect on PlGF secretion. In summary, HIF2α, rather than HIF1α, is most affected by reduced oxygen level during syncytialization and increases in HIF2α trigger a reduction of PlGF production. Our findings suggest new and important connections between HIF proteins and PlGF pathways in the regulation of placental angiogenesis.
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49
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Chen CH, Fong LWR, Yu E, Wu R, Trott JF, Weiss RH. Upregulation of MARCKS in kidney cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. Oncogene 2017; 36:3588-3598. [PMID: 28166200 PMCID: PMC5926797 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapeutics, such as those abrogating hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, are initially effective against kidney cancer (or renal cell carcinoma, RCC); however, drug resistance frequently occurs via subsequent activation of alternative pathways. Through genome-scale integrated analysis of the HIF-α network, we identified the major protein kinase C substrate MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) as a potential target molecule for kidney cancer. In a screen of nephrectomy samples from 56 patients with RCC, we found that MARCKS expression and its phosphorylation are increased and positively correlate with tumor grade. Genetic and pharmacologic suppression of MARCKS in high-grade RCC cell lines in vitro led to a decrease in cell proliferation and migration. We further demonstrated that higher MARCKS expression promotes growth and angiogenesis in vivo in an RCC xenograft tumor. MARCKS acted upstream of the AKT/mTOR pathway, activating HIF-target genes, notably vascular endothelial growth factor-A. Following knockdown of MARCKS in RCC cells, the IC50 of the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib was reduced. Surprisingly, attenuation of MARCKS using the MPS (MARCKS phosphorylation site domain) peptide synergistically interacted with regorafenib treatment and decreased survival of kidney cancer cells through inactivation of AKT and mTOR. Our data suggest a major contribution of MARCKS to kidney cancer growth and provide an alternative therapeutic strategy of improving the efficacy of multikinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - LWR Fong
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - JF Trott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - RH Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Department of Veterans’ Affairs Northern California Health Care System Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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50
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Wettersten HI, Aboud OA, Lara PN, Weiss RH. Metabolic reprogramming in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:410-419. [PMID: 28480903 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research in many cancers has uncovered changes in metabolic pathways that control tumour energetics and biosynthesis, so-called metabolic reprogramming. Studies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have been particularly revealing, leading to the concept that ccRCC is a metabolic disease. ccRCC is generally accompanied by reprogramming of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Metabolism of tryptophan, arginine and glutamine is also reprogrammed in many ccRCCs, and these changes provide opportunities for new therapeutic strategies, biomarkers and imaging modalities. In particular, metabolic reprogramming facilitates the identification of novel and repurposed drugs that could potentially be used to treat ccRCC, which when metastatic has currently limited long-term treatment options. Further research and dissemination of these concepts to nephrologists and oncologists will lead to clinical trials of therapeutics specifically targeted to tumour metabolism, rather than generally toxic to all proliferating cells. Such novel agents are highly likely to be more effective and to have far fewer adverse effects than existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- University of California, San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Room 4810, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, California 92037-0695, USA
| | - Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3003, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
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