1
|
Januszewski J, Forma A, Zembala J, Flieger M, Tyczyńska M, Dring JC, Dudek I, Świątek K, Baj J. Nutritional Supplements for Skin Health-A Review of What Should Be Chosen and Why. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:68. [PMID: 38256329 PMCID: PMC10820017 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food or pharmaceutic industries were analyzed in terms of influencing skin conditions. The major objective of this paper was to provide a narrative review of the available literature regarding several chosen compounds that are currently widely recommended as supplements that aim to maintain proper and healthy skin conditions. We conducted a review of the literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 2023 without any other restrictions regarding the year of the publication. Ultimately, we reviewed 238 articles, including them in this review. Each of the reviewed compounds, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, curcumin, chlorella, Omega-3, biotin,Ppolypodium leucotomos, Simmondsia chinesis, gamma oryzanol, olive leaf extract, spirulina, and astaxanthin, was observed to present some possible effects with promising benefits for a skin condition, i.e., photoprotective radiation. Adding them to the diet or daily routine might have a positive influence on some skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Further, UV radiation protection facilitated by some supplements and their impact on human cells might be helpful during chemotherapy or in preventing melanoma development. Further research is needed because of the lack of clear consensus regarding the doses of the described compounds that could provide desirable effects on the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Januszewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (I.D.)
| | - Julita Zembala
- University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (I.D.)
| | - Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - James Curtis Dring
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (I.D.)
| | - Kamila Świątek
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Closset L, Gultekin O, Salehi S, Sarhan D, Lehti K, Gonzalez-Molina J. The extracellular matrix - immune microenvironment crosstalk in cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:217-228. [PMID: 37524251 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) by cancer immunotherapy has led to improved patient outcomes. However, response to these treatments is heterogeneous and cancer-type dependant. The therapeutic activity of classical cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical oncology is modulated by alterations of the TIME. A major regulator of immune cell function and resistance to both immune and classical therapies is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Concurrently, cancer therapies reshape the TIME as well as the ECM, causing both pro- and anti-tumour responses. Accordingly, the TIME-ECM crosstalk presents attractive opportunities to improve therapy outcomes. Here, we review the molecular crosstalk between the TIME and the ECM in cancer and its implications in cancer progression and clinical intervention. Additionally, we discuss examples and future directions of ECM and TIME co-targeting in combination with oncological therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Closset
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Saint-Antoine Research center (CRSA), UMR_S 938, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Okan Gultekin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shyntar A, Patel A, Rhodes M, Enderling H, Hillen T. The Tumor Invasion Paradox in Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Solid Tumors. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:139. [PMID: 36301402 PMCID: PMC9613767 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key in understanding tumor growth and tumor progression. A counterintuitive effect of CSCs is the so-called tumor growth paradox: the effect where a tumor with a higher death rate may grow larger than a tumor with a lower death rate. Here we extend the modeling of the tumor growth paradox by including spatial structure and considering cancer invasion. Using agent-based modeling and a corresponding partial differential equation model, we demonstrate and prove mathematically a tumor invasion paradox: a larger cell death rate can lead to a faster invasion speed. We test this result on a generic hypothetical cancer with typical growth rates and typical treatment sensitivities. We find that the tumor invasion paradox may play a role for continuous and intermittent treatments, while it does not seem to be essential in fractionated treatments. It should be noted that no attempt was made to fit the model to a specific cancer, thus, our results are generic and theoretical.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nafissi N, Mohammadlou M, Akbari ME, Mahdavi SR, Sheikh M, Borji M, Babaee E, Baharlou R. The impact of intraoperative radiotherapy on breast cancer: focus on the levels of angiogenic factors. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:191. [PMID: 35681234 PMCID: PMC9178821 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancers that is involved in tumor progression. Angiogenic factors induce the formation of new blood vessels and tumor extension, and finally reduce the survival of patients. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), in which radiation is delivered to the tumor bed can kill cells and change tumor microenvironment. Here, we compared the impact of IORT on the levels of angiogenic factors in the blood and surgical wound fluids (SWF) of the breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred sixty patients, who had undergone breast-conserving surgery between 2013 and 2018, were enrolled in IORT and non-IORT groups non-randomly. Blood and drained wound fluid (WF) samples were collected from the patients before and after surgery, followed by quantification of the amounts of TGF-β, EGF, FGF, VEGF, and DLL4 in the patients using ELISA. RESULTS Our results were indicative of significant differences between the pre-surgery and post-surgery serum levels of EGF, DLL4, and VEGF. Furthermore, ROC analyses showed that TGF-β and DLL4 can differentiate of the early-stage from late-stage of the disease. Interestingly, the rate of the death and recurrence was reduced in IORT group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, IORT is a safe and effective treatment that can affect angiogenic factors and improve the overall- and recurrence-free survival of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Nafissi
- Department of Breast, Rasoul Akram Hospital Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Rabie Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sheikh
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Borji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Babaee
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Pei Z, Maimaiti A, Zheng L, Zhu Z, Tian M, Zhou Z, Tan F, Pei Q, Li Y, Liu W. m 6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 acts as an oncogenic factor in colorectal cancer by regulating SIRT1 in an m 6A-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:83. [PMID: 35217651 PMCID: PMC8881457 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications of RNAs are involved in various aspects of colorectal carcinogenesis via regulation of mRNA stability, splicing, and translation. KIAA1429, an m6A methyltransferase, was found deregulated in multiple cancer types. However, its role in colorectal cancer remains elusive. By analyzing TCGA and GEPIA database, we found that KIAA1429 in colorectal cancer was highly expressed. In addition, we used immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and QRT-PCR to detect the expression of KIAA1429 in colorectal cancer samples and cell lines, and we found that KIAA1429 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer sample and cell line. Functionally, silencing of KIAA1429 by shRNA in colorectal cancer cell lines resulted in decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. On the contrary, overexpression of KIAA1429 increased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Further mechanism analysis demonstrated that KIAA1429 increased the expression of SIRT1 via regulating its mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner. More importantly, in vivo experiment showed that depletion of KIAA1429 significantly inhibited colorectal tumor growth. In conclusion, our results suggested that the m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 promotes the growth and motility of colorectal cancer and could be a potent therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengda Pei
- Clinical College, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Aizezi Maimaiti
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengxiang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenxue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Waller V, Pruschy M. Combined Radiochemotherapy: Metalloproteinases Revisited. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676583. [PMID: 34055644 PMCID: PMC8155607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides cytotoxic DNA damage irradiation of tumor cells triggers multiple intra- and intercellular signaling processes, that are part of a multilayered, treatment-induced stress response at the unicellular and tumor pathophysiological level. These processes are intertwined with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to the toxic effects of ionizing radiation and thereby co-determine the tumor response to radiotherapy. Proteolysis of structural elements and bioactive signaling moieties represents a major class of posttranslational modifications regulating intra- and intercellular communication. Plasma membrane-located and secreted metalloproteinases comprise a family of metal-, usually zinc-, dependent endopeptidases and sheddases with a broad variety of substrates including components of the extracellular matrix, cyto- and chemokines, growth and pro-angiogenic factors. Thereby, metalloproteinases play an important role in matrix remodeling and auto- and paracrine intercellular communication regulating tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, tumor cell dissemination, and subsequently the response to cancer treatment. While metalloproteinases have long been identified as promising target structures for anti-cancer agents, previous pharmaceutical approaches mostly failed due to unwanted side effects related to the structural similarities among the multiple family members. Nevertheless, targeting of metalloproteinases still represents an interesting rationale alone and in combination with other treatment modalities. Here, we will give an overview on the role of metalloproteinases in the irradiated tumor microenvironment and discuss the therapeutic potential of using more specific metalloproteinase inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Waller
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radiobiological Studies of Microvascular Damage through In Vitro Models: A Methodological Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051182. [PMID: 33803333 PMCID: PMC7967181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used in radiotherapy as a treatment to destroy cancer. Such treatment also affects other tissues, resulting in the so-called normal tissue complications. Endothelial cells (ECs) composing the microvasculature have essential roles in the microenvironment's homeostasis (ME). Thus, detrimental effects induced by irradiation on ECs can influence both the tumor and healthy tissue. In-vitro models can be advantageous to study these phenomena. In this systematic review, we analyzed in-vitro models of ECs subjected to IR. We highlighted the critical issues involved in the production, irradiation, and analysis of such radiobiological in-vitro models to study microvascular endothelial cells damage. For each step, we analyzed common methodologies and critical points required to obtain a reliable model. We identified the generation of a 3D environment for model production and the inclusion of heterogeneous cell populations for a reliable ME recapitulation. Additionally, we highlighted how essential information on the irradiation scheme, crucial to correlate better observed in vitro effects to the clinical scenario, are often neglected in the analyzed studies, limiting the translation of achieved results.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi Y, Ma X, Fang G, Tian X, Ge C. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) as attractive therapeutic targets: Recent progress and current challenges. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:100293. [PMID: 35559782 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) plays an essential role in many physiological and pathological processes. An increase in MMP activity contributes to excessive degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been correlated with invasion and metastasis of tumors. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) has been developed as an attractive therapeutic target for decades, suggesting inspiring therapeutic effects in preclinical studies. However, achieving specificity remains an important challenge in the development of MMPIs, limiting their clinical application and bringing about the risk of biosafety. Nanomaterials can be used as alternative candidates for MMPI design, providing a new strategy for this problem. This report reviewed the research about MMPIs, summarized their MMPs activity regulation mechanisms, and discussed their failures in clinical trials. Furthermore, we outlined several schemes of MMPIs screening and design. Finally, we reviewed the therapeutic application prospects of MMPIs and discussed the remaining challenges and solutions, which may offer new insights for the development of MMPIs studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ge Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cuicui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Henke E, Nandigama R, Ergün S. Extracellular Matrix in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Impact on Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 6:160. [PMID: 32118030 PMCID: PMC7025524 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex organ-like structures that consist not only of tumor cells but also of vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal, and immune cells. Often, this tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises the larger part of the overall tumor mass. Like the other components of the TME, the ECM in solid tumors differs significantly from that in normal organs. Intratumoral signaling, transport mechanisms, metabolisms, oxygenation, and immunogenicity are strongly affected if not controlled by the ECM. Exerting this regulatory control, the ECM does not only influence malignancy and growth of the tumor but also its response toward therapy. Understanding the particularities of the ECM in solid tumor is necessary to develop approaches to interfere with its negative effect. In this review, we will also highlight the current understanding of the physical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms by which the pathological tumor ECM affects the efficiency of radio-, chemo-, and immunotherapy. Finally, we will discuss the various strategies to target and modify the tumor ECM and how they could be utilized to improve response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Henke
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajender Nandigama
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010236. [PMID: 31963587 PMCID: PMC7016586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation (IR) is commonly used for cancer therapy; however, its potential influence on the metastatic ability of surviving cancer cells exposed directly or indirectly to IR remains controversial. Metastasis is a multistep process by which the cancer cells dissociate from the initial site, invade, travel through the blood stream or lymphatic system, and colonise distant sites. This complex process has been reported to require cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which the cancer cells convert from an adhesive, epithelial to motile, mesenchymal form and is also associated with changes in glycosylation of cell surface proteins, which may be functionally involved in metastasis. In this paper, we give an overview of metastatic mechanisms and of the fundamentals of cancer-associated glycosylation changes. While not attempting a comprehensive review of this wide and fast moving field, we highlight some of the accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo models for increased metastatic potential in cancer cells that survive IR, focusing on angiogenesis, cancer cell motility, invasion, and EMT and glycosylation. We also explore the indirect effects in cells exposed to exosomes released from irradiated cells. The results of such studies need to be interpreted with caution and there remains limited evidence that radiotherapy enhances the metastatic capacity of cancers in a clinical setting and undoubtedly has a very positive clinical benefit. However, there is potential that this therapeutic benefit may ultimately be enhanced through a better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of IR on cancer cell behaviour.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao M, Zhang Z, Han S, Lu X. Butyrate inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of colorectal cancer HCT116 cells via the deactivation of mTOR/S6K1 signaling mediated partly by SIRT1 downregulation. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3941-3947. [PMID: 30864709 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is a typical short chain fatty acid produced by gut microbiota, the dysmetabolism of which has been consistently associated with colorectal diseases. However, its role in tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer cells remains under‑investigated. The present study examined the antitumor function of butyrate in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism. MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation and ELISA assay was used to determine cell apoptosis by measuring histone release and caspase‑3 activation. The results demonstrated that butyrate treatment significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells with an increased B‑cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein/Bcl‑2 ratio. Western blotting demonstrated that the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) at Ser2448, ribosomal protein S6 kinase β‑1 (S6K1) at Thr389, S6 at Ser235/236 and expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT)1 were decreased following butyrate treatment, while the acetylation of S6K1 was indicated to be increased. Silencing of SIRT1 by small interfering RNA technology demonstrated a similar inhibition on growth, induction of apoptosis, elevation of S6K1 acetylation and deactivation of mTOR/S6K1 signaling. Butyrate treatment also enhanced the inhibition of SIRT1 silencing on cell proliferation and activity of mTOR/S6K1. The activation of mTOR/S6K1 signaling and upregulation of cell proliferation mediated by overexpression of SIRT1 were blocked by butyrate. These data suggested that butyrate inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells by deactivating mTOR/S6K1 signaling, possibly through its inhibition of SIRT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao S, Song H, Zhang W, Seldomridge A, Jung J, Giles AJ, Hutchinson MK, Cao X, Colwell N, Lita A, Larion M, Maric D, Abu-Asab M, Quezado M, Kramp T, Camphausen K, Zhuang Z, Gilbert MR, Park DM. Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition enhances radiation sensitivity and reduces tumor growth in chordoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:799-809. [PMID: 29294092 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Standard therapy for chordoma consists of surgical resection followed by high-dose irradiation. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase involved in signal transduction, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, and DNA repair. LB100 is a small-molecule inhibitor of PP2A designed to sensitize cancer cells to DNA damage from irradiation and chemotherapy. A recently completed phase I trial of LB100 in solid tumors demonstrated its safety. Here, we show the therapeutic potential of LB100 in chordoma. Methods Three patient-derived chordoma cell lines were used: U-CH1, JHC7, and UM-Chor1. Cell proliferation was determined with LB100 alone and in combination with irradiation. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry. Quantitative γ-H2AX immunofluorescence and immunoblot evaluated the effect of LB100 on radiation-induced DNA damage. Ultrastructural evidence for nuclear damage was investigated using Raman imaging and transmission electron microscopy. A xenograft model was established to determine potential clinical utility of adding LB100 to irradiation. Results PP2A inhibition in concert with irradiation demonstrated in vitro growth inhibition. The combination of LB100 and radiation also induced accumulation at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, the stage most sensitive to radiation-induced damage. LB100 enhanced radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Animals implanted with chordoma cells and treated with the combination of LB100 and radiation demonstrated tumor growth delay. Conclusions Combining LB100 and radiation enhanced DNA damage-induced cell death and delayed tumor growth in an animal model of chordoma. PP2A inhibition by LB100 treatment may improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy for chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Hao
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashlee Seldomridge
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinkyu Jung
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amber J Giles
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marsha-Kay Hutchinson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Colwell
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian Lita
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Ultrastructural Pathology Section, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamalee Kramp
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Väyrynen O, Piippo M, Jämsä H, Väisänen T, de Almeida CEB, Salo T, Missailidis S, Risteli M. Effects of ionizing radiation and HPSE1 inhibition on the invasion of oral tongue carcinoma cells on human extracellular matrices in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:151-161. [PMID: 30086306 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemoradiation is an established approach in the treatment of advanced oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), but therapy may cause severe side-effects due to signal interchanges between carcinoma and the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this study, we examined the potential use of our human 3D myoma disc and Myogel models in in vitro chemoradiation studies by analysing the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) and the combined effect of heparanase I (HPSE1) inhibitors and IR on OTSCC cell proliferation, invasion and MMP-2 and - 9 production. Finally, we analysed the long-term effects of IR by studying clones of previously irradiated and invaded HSC-3 cells. We found that in both human uterine leiomyoma-based extracellular matrix models IR inhibited the invasion of HSC-3 cells, but blocking HPSE1 activity combined with IR induced their invasion. Low doses of IR increased MMP expression and initiated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cells cultured on myoma discs. We conclude that myoma models offer consistent methods for testing human carcinoma cell invasion and phenotypic changes during chemoradiation treatment. In addition, we showed that IR had long-term effects on MMP-2 and - 9, which might elicit different HSC-3 invasion responses when cells were under the challenge of HPSE1 inhibitors and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Väyrynen
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Piippo
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannaleena Jämsä
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Väisänen
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Carlos E B de Almeida
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Bio-Manguinhos Institute of Technology in Immunobiologics, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maija Risteli
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Chalmers AJ, Hellevik T. Radiation-Induced Transformation of Immunoregulatory Networks in the Tumor Stroma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1679. [PMID: 30105016 PMCID: PMC6077256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of novel cancer immunotherapies in the form of immune checkpoint blockers represents a major advancement in the treatment of cancer, and has renewed enthusiasm for identifying new ways to induce antitumor immune responses in patients. Despite the proven efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that target immune checkpoints in some refractory cancers, many patients do not experience therapeutic benefit, possibly owing to a lack of antitumor immune recognition, or to the presence of dominant immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent developments in this field have revealed that local radiotherapy (RT) can transform tumors into in situ vaccines, and may help to overcome some of the barriers to tumor-specific immune rejection. RT has the potential to ignite tumor immune recognition by generating immunogenic signals and releasing neoantigens, but the multiple immunosuppressive forces in the TME continue to represent important barriers to successful tumor rejection. In this article, we review the radiation-induced changes in the stromal compartments of tumors that could have an impact on tumor immune attack. Since different RT regimens are known to mediate strikingly different effects on the multifarious elements of the tumor stroma, special emphasis is given to different RT schedules, and the time after treatment at which the effects are measured. A better understanding of TME remodeling following specific RT regimens and the window of opportunity offered by RT will enable optimization of the design of novel treatment combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hamilton AM, Wong SM, Wong E, Foster PJ. Cranial irradiation increases tumor growth in experimental breast cancer brain metastasis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3907. [PMID: 29493009 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-brain radiotherapy is the standard of care for patients with breast cancer with multiple brain metastases and, although this treatment has been essential in the management of existing brain tumors, there are many known negative consequences associated with the irradiation of normal brain tissue. In our study, we used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging analysis to investigate the influence of radiotherapy-induced damage of healthy brain on the arrest and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells in a mouse model of breast cancer brain metastasis. We observed that irradiated, but otherwise healthy, neural tissue had an increased propensity to support metastatic growth compared with never-irradiated controls. The elucidation of the impact of irradiation on normal neural tissue could have implications in clinical patient management, particularly in patients with residual systemic disease or with residual radio-resistant brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Hamilton
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Wong
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains one of the corner stones in the treatment of various malignancies and often leads to an improvement in overall survival. Nonetheless, pre-clinical evidence indicates that radiation can entail pro-metastatic effects via multiple pathways. Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the data remains ambiguous and clinical observations that unequivocally prove these findings are lacking. In this review we discuss the pre-clinical and clinical data on the local and systemic effect of irradiation on the metastatic process with an emphasis on the molecular pathways involved.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kalal BS, Fathima F, Pai VR, Sanjeev G, Krishna CM, Upadhya D. Inhibition of ERK1/2 or AKT Activity Equally Enhances Radiation Sensitization in B16F10 Cells. World J Oncol 2018; 9:21-28. [PMID: 29581812 PMCID: PMC5862079 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1088w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiation sensitizing ability of ERK1/2, PI3K-AKT and JNK inhibitors in highly radiation resistant and metastatic B16F10 cells which carry wild-type Ras and Braf. Methods Mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 was exposed to 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 Gy of electron beam radiation. Phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT and JNK levels were estimated by ELISA. Cells were exposed to 2.0 and 3.0 Gy of radiation with or without prior pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2, AKT as well as JNK pathways. Cell death induced by radiation as well as upon inhibition of these pathways was measured by TUNEL assay using flow cytometry. Results Exposure of B16F10 cells to 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 Gy of electron beam irradiation triggered an increase in all the three phosphorylated proteins compared to sham-treated and control groups. B16F10 cells pre-treated with either ERK1/2 or AKT inhibitors equally enhanced radiation-induced cell death at 2.0 as well as 3.0 Gy (P < 0.001), while inhibition of JNK pathway increased radiation-induced cell death to a lesser extent. Interestingly combined inhibition of ERK1/2 or AKT pathways did not show additional cell death compared to individual ERK1/2 or AKT inhibition. This indicates that ERK1/2 or AKT mediates radiation resistance through common downstream molecules in B16F10 cells. Conclusions Even without activating mutations in Ras or Braf genes, ERK1/2 and AKT play a critical role in B16F10 cell survival upon radiation exposure and possibly act through common downstream effector/s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.,Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Faraz Fathima
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Vinitha Ramanath Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ganesh Sanjeev
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.,Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong SW, Hur W, Choi JE, Kim JH, Hwang D, Yoon SK. Role of ADAM17 in invasion and migration of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells after irradiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23482-97. [PMID: 26993601 PMCID: PMC5029641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biological role of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched after irradiation of Huh7 cells in cell invasion and migration. We also explored whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) influences the metastatic potential of CSC-enriched hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells after irradiation. A CD133-expressing Huh7 cell subpopulation showed greater resistance to sublethal irradiation and specifically enhanced cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also demonstrated that the radiation-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor were increased more predominantly in Huh7CD133+ cell subpopulations than Huh7CD133− cell subpopulations. Furthermore, we showed that silencing ADAM17 significantly inhibited the migration and invasiveness of enriched Huh7CD133+ cells after irradiation; moreover, Notch signaling was significantly reduced in irradiated CD133-expressing liver CSCs following stable knockdown of the ADAM17 gene. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CD133-expressing liver CSCs have considerable metastatic capabilities after irradiation of HCC cells, and their metastatic capabilities might be maintained by ADAM17. Therefore, suppression of ADAM17 shows promise for improving the efficiency of current radiotherapies and reducing the metastatic potential of liver CSCs during HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Hong
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hong SW, Hur W, Choi JE, Kim JH, Hwang D, Yoon SK. Role of ADAM17 in invasion and migration of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells after irradiation. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 26993601 DOI: 0.18632/oncotarget.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biological role of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched after irradiation of Huh7 cells in cell invasion and migration. We also explored whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) influences the metastatic potential of CSC-enriched hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells after irradiation. A CD133-expressing Huh7 cell subpopulation showed greater resistance to sublethal irradiation and specifically enhanced cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also demonstrated that the radiation-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor were increased more predominantly in Huh7CD133+ cell subpopulations than Huh7CD133- cell subpopulations. Furthermore, we showed that silencing ADAM17 significantly inhibited the migration and invasiveness of enriched Huh7CD133+ cells after irradiation; moreover, Notch signaling was significantly reduced in irradiated CD133-expressing liver CSCs following stable knockdown of the ADAM17 gene. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CD133-expressing liver CSCs have considerable metastatic capabilities after irradiation of HCC cells, and their metastatic capabilities might be maintained by ADAM17. Therefore, suppression of ADAM17 shows promise for improving the efficiency of current radiotherapies and reducing the metastatic potential of liver CSCs during HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Hong
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Radiation-induced inflammatory cascade and its reverberating crosstalks as potential cause of post-radiotherapy second malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:375-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Yamauchi Y, Safi S, Orschiedt L, Gardyan A, Brons S, Rieber J, Nicolay NH, Huber PE, Eichhorn M, Dienemann H, Herth FJF, Weber KJ, Debus J, Hoffmann H, Rieken S. Low-dose photon irradiation induces invasiveness through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in malignant mesothelioma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68001-68011. [PMID: 28978091 PMCID: PMC5620231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-dose photon irradiation has repeatedly been suspected to increase a risk of promoting local recurrence of disease or even systemic dissemination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motility of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines after low-doses of photon irradiation and to elucidate the mechanism of the detected phenotype. Methods H28 and H226 MPM cells were examined in clonogenic survival experiments and migration assays with and without various doses of photon and carbon ion irradiation. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), SDF-1α, β1 integrin, α3 integrin, and α5 integrin expressions were analyzed by quantitative FACS analysis, ELISA and western blots. Apoptosis was assessed via Annexin-V-staining. Results The migration of MPM cells was stimulated by both fetal bovine serum and by stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). Low doses of photon irradiation (1 Gy and 2 Gy) suppressed clonogenicity, but promoted migration of both H28 and H226 cells through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway. Hypermigration was inhibited by the administration of CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. In contrast, corresponding doses of carbon ion irradiation (0.3 Gy and 1 Gy) suppressed clonogenicity, but did not promote MPM cell migration. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the co-administration of photon irradiation and the CXCR4-antagonist AMD3100 or the use of carbon ions instead of photons may be possible solutions to reduce the risk of locoregional tumor recurrence after radiotherapy for MPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Yamauchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seyer Safi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Orschiedt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriane Gardyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Rieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Eichhorn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRCH), Heidelberg, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
AURKA promotes cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:514-520. [PMID: 28322787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AURKA (aurora kinase A) has been confirmed as an oncogene in cancer development; however, its role and underlying mechanisms in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. In this study, We found that AURKA was up-regulated in HCC tissues and correlated with pathological stage and distant metastasis. Further found that AURKA was involved in the cancer metastases after radiation in HCC. While overexpression of AURKA induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) behaviors though PI3K/AKT pathway, silencing AURKA suppressed radiation-enhanced cell invasiveness of HCC. Taken together, our results suggested that AURKA contributed in metastasis of irradiated residul HCC though facilitating EMT and CSC properties, suggesting the potential clinical application of AURKA inhibitors in radiotherapy for patients with HCC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kojima S, Ohshima Y, Nakatsukasa H, Tsukimoto M. Role of ATP as a Key Signaling Molecule Mediating Radiation-Induced Biological Effects. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817690638. [PMID: 28250717 PMCID: PMC5318813 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817690638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as a signaling molecule for adaptive responses to a variety of cytotoxic agents and plays an important role in mediating the radiation stress-induced responses that serve to mitigate or repair the injurious effects of γ radiation on the body. Indeed, low doses of radiation may have a net beneficial effect by activating a variety of protective mechanisms, including antitumor immune responses. On the other hand, ATP signaling may be involved in the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Here, focusing on our previous work, we review the evidence that low-dose γ irradiation (0.25-0.5 Gy) induces release of extracellular ATP, and that the released ATP mediates multiple radiation-induced responses, including increased intracellular antioxidant synthesis, cell-mediated immune responses, induction of DNA damage repair systems, and differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kojima
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schrand B, Verma B, Levay A, Patel S, Castro I, Benaduce AP, Brenneman R, Umland O, Yagita H, Gilboa E, Ishkanian A. Radiation-Induced Enhancement of Antitumor T-cell Immunity by VEGF-Targeted 4-1BB Costimulation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1310-1321. [PMID: 28082399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy can elicit systemic immune control of local tumors and distant nonirradiated tumor lesions, known as the abscopal effect. Although this effect is enhanced using checkpoint blockade or costimulatory antibodies, objective responses remain suboptimal. As radiotherapy can induce secretion of VEGF and other stress products in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that targeting immunomodulatory drugs to such products will not only reduce toxicity but also broaden the scope of tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Using an oligonucleotide aptamer platform, we show that radiation-induced VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation potentiated both local tumor control and abscopal responses with equal or greater efficiency than 4-1BB, CTLA-4, or PD1 antibodies alone. Although 4-1BB and CTLA-4 antibodies elicited organ-wide inflammatory responses and tissue damage, VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation produced no observable toxicity. These findings suggest that radiation-induced tumor-targeted immunotherapy can improve the therapeutic index and extend the reach of immunomodulatory agents. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1310-21. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Bhavna Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Agata Levay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Shradha Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Iris Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana Paula Benaduce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Randall Brenneman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Adrian Ishkanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng X, Tian L, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Cheng J, Gong Y, Li CY, Huang Q. Caspase 3 in dying tumor cells mediates post-irradiation angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32353-67. [PMID: 26431328 PMCID: PMC4741698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic radiotherapy unfavorably induces tumor cells to generate various proangiogenic substances, promoting post-irradiation angiogenesis (PIA), which is one of major causes of radiotherapy failure. Though several studies have reported some mechanisms behind PIA, they have not yet described the beginning proangiogenic motivator buried in the irradiated microenvironment. In this work, we revealed that dying tumor cells induced by irradiation prompted PIA via a caspase 3 dependent mechanism. Proteolytic inactivation of caspase 3 in dying tumor cells by transducing a dominant-negative version weakened proangiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. In addition, inhibition of caspase 3 activity suppressed tumor angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in xenograft mouse model. Importantly, we identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A as a downstream proangiogenic factor regulated by caspase 3 possibly through Akt signaling. Collectively, these findings indicated that besides acting as a key executioner in apoptosis, caspase 3 in dying tumor cells may play a central role in driving proangiogenic response after irradiation. Thus, radiotherapy in combination with caspase 3 inhibitors may be a novel promising therapeutic strategy to reduce tumor recurrence due to restrained PIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhuang X, Qiao T, Xu G, Yuan S, Zhang Q, Chen X. Combination of nadroparin with radiotherapy results in powerful synergistic antitumor effects in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2200-6. [PMID: 27498922 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), which are commonly used in venous thromboprophylaxis and treatment, have recently been reported to have effects on cancer metastasis in pre-clinical research studies. This study was planned to define the synergistic antitumor effects of nadroparin (a kind of LMWH) combined with radiotherapy in A549 cells. Six experimental groups were set up in our study according to the different treatment: control group; irradiation (IR) group; low dose of nadroparin group (LMWH50, L50); high dose of nadroparin group (LMWH100, L100); LMWH50+IR group; LMWH100+IR group. The viability of A549 cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptosis of tumor cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) after treatment. The concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the culture supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The migration and invasion of the A549 cells were tested by the Transwell chamber assay. The expression of survivin, CD147 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was analyzed by western blotting. CCK-8 assay showed that irradiation or nadroparin alone slightly inhibited the cell viability while the combined treatments significantly inhibited the cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate showed greater improvement dose- and time‑dependently in the groups receiving combination therapy of nadroparin and irradiation than the control group or the group receiving nadroparin or irradiation alone by FCM. ELISA assay showed that the decreased TGF-β1 secretion was found after combined treatments with nadroparin and irradiation compared to either treatment alone. The Transwell chamber assay showed that nadroparin not only significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of A549 cells but also inhibited the enhanced ability of migration and invasion induced by X-ray irradiation. Western blotting showed that nadroparin inhibited the upregulated effects of survivin and MMP-2 expression induced by radiation in the combined treatment groups in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression level of CD147 was the lowest in the combined treatment groups. This study identified that combination of nadroparin and irradiation had a strong synergistic antitumor effect in a dose- and time-related manner in vitro, which was reflected in the inhibition of cell viability, invasion and metastasis, promotion of apoptosis, inhibited secretion level of TGF-β1 and downregulation of CD147, MMP-2 and survivin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aydemir EA, Şimşek E, Korcum AF, Fişkin K. Endostatin and irradiation modifies the activity of ADAM10 and neprilysin in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2343-51. [PMID: 27430992 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is regarded as a key cancer cell property. Endostatin (ES) is a potential antiangiogenic agent and it may be useful when implemented in combination with other cancer therapeutic strategies. The present study investigated the in vitro effects of ES, radiotherapy (RT) or combination therapy (ES + RT) on two important proteases, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‑containing protein 10 (ADAM10) and neprilysin (NEP) in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells and the more metastatic phenotype of 4THMpc breast cancer cells. 4T1 and 4THMpc cells were treated with recombinant murine ES (4 µg/ml) alone, RT (45 Gy) alone or with ES + RT. ADAM10 enzyme activity was determined using a tumor necrosis factor‑α converting enzyme (α‑secretase) activity assay kit, and NEP enzyme activity was measured with a fluorometric assay based on the generation of free dansyl‑D‑Ala‑Gly from N-dansyl-Ala-Gly-D-nitro-Phe-Gly, the substrate of NEP. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine whether the altered enzyme activity levels of the two cell lines occurred due to changes in expression level. These data indicate that ES independently potentiates the activity of ADAM10 and NEP enzymes in 4T1 and 4THMpc breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Arslan Aydemir
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Ece Şimşek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Antalya School of Health, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Aylin Fidan Korcum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Kayahan Fişkin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Antalya School of Health, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gu Q, He Y, Ji J, Yao Y, Shen W, Luo J, Zhu W, Cao H, Geng Y, Xu J, Zhang S, Cao J, Ding WQ. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediates radiation-induced invasiveness through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10893-907. [PMID: 25843954 PMCID: PMC4484427 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important procedure for the treatment of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, recent evidence has shown that irradiation can promote the invasion and metastasis of several types of cancer, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which radiation enhances the invasiveness of NSCLC cells. We found that after irradiation, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was increased and translocated into the nucleus, where it bound to the hypoxia response element (HRE) in the CXCR4 promoter and promoted the transcription of CXCR4. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) also plays a role in the radiation-induced expression of CXCR4. Our results revealed that 2 Gy X-ray irradiation promoted the metastasis and invasiveness of H1299, A549 and H460 cells, which were significantly enhanced by SDF-1α treatment. Blocking the SDF-1α/CXCR4 interaction could suppress the radiation-induced invasiveness of NSCLC cells. The PI3K/pAkt and MAPK/pERK1/2 pathways were found to be involved in radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In vivo, irradiation promoted the colonization of H1299 cells in the liver and lung, which was mediated by CXCR4. Altogether, our findings have elucidated the underlying mechanisms of the irradiation-enhanced invasiveness of NSCLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jialin Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Han Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Geng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao L, Wang M. Batimastat nanoparticles associated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization decrease hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:269-72. [PMID: 24639109 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor characterized by easy metastasis and frequent recurrence. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains the routine treatment for patients with HCC who are not eligible for surgical resection or percutaneous tumor ablation; however, 5-year survival rates following interventional therapy are only 17-38.8 %, with liver recurrence due to incomplete embolization and tumor angiogenesis being a significant reason for treatment failure. Ischemia and hypoxia induced by TACE is correlated with an increased expression of angiogenic factor and stimulates an increase in angiogenesis, including endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic endopeptidases involved in tumor angiogenesis. In addition, MMPs stimulate tumor cell growth, migration and invasion, and metastasis. Hypoxia enhanced EC migration in a MMP-2-dependent manner while MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) significantly decreased the number of migrating cells in hypoxic cultures. We hypothesize batimastat (synthetic MMPI) nanoparticles associated with TACE could decrease HCC recurrence and metastasis. At first, batimastat nanoparticles were made from batimastat and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). Then, nanoparticles were mixed with lipiodol and chemotherapeutic drugs solution. The mixture was infused super-selectively into supplied artery of HCC through catheter. The disseminated area of batimastat might be same with TACE-induced hypoxia area. In the hypoxia area, batimastat inhibited the activity of MMPs, weakened the angiogenesis of tumor vascular system and migration of HCC cells. HCC cells could not escape from hypoxia area and tumor angiogenesis inhibited could not supply sufficient nutrients and O2 to residual HCC cells. With the help of batimastat, the killing effect of chemotherapeutic drugs might be enhanced. The rate of complete necrosis of HCC lesion might be increased and local recurrence and metastasis of HCC might be reduced. The hypothesis might increase the clinical efficacy of TACE and improve the prognosis of HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, St Nanjingbei, Dist Heping, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China,
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Barker HE, Paget JTE, Khan AA, Harrington KJ. The tumour microenvironment after radiotherapy: mechanisms of resistance and recurrence. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:409-25. [PMID: 26105538 PMCID: PMC4896389 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1356] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a central part in curing cancer. For decades, most research on improving treatment outcomes has focused on modulating radiation-induced biological effects on cancer cells. Recently, we have better understood that components within the tumour microenvironment have pivotal roles in determining treatment outcomes. In this Review, we describe vascular, stromal and immunological changes that are induced in the tumour microenvironment by irradiation and discuss how these changes may promote radioresistance and tumour recurrence. We also highlight how this knowledge is guiding the development of new treatment paradigms in which biologically targeted agents will be combined with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly E. Barker
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James T. E. Paget
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aadil A. Khan
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim MH, Jung SY, Ahn J, Hwang SG, Woo HJ, An S, Nam SY, Lim DS, Song JY. Quantitative proteomic analysis of single or fractionated radiation-induced proteins in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:2. [PMID: 26056562 PMCID: PMC4459121 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is widely used to treat cancer alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, damage to normal tissues and radioresistance of tumor cells are major obstacles to successful radiotherapy. Furthermore, the immune network around tumors appears to be connected to tumor progression and recurrence. METHODS We investigated the cytosolic proteins produced by irradiated tumor cells by using a quantitative proteomic approach based on stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with a single or fractionated 10 Gray dose of (137)Cs γ-radiation, which was selected based on cell viability. RESULTS Radiation-induced proteins were differentially expressed based on the fractionated times of radiation and were involved in multiple biological functions, including energy metabolism and cytoskeleton organization. We identified 46 proteins increased by at least 1.3-fold, and high ranks were determined for cathepsin D, gelsolin, arginino-succinate synthase 1, peroxiredoxin 5, and C-type mannose receptor 2. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a number of tumor-derived factors upregulated by γ-radiation are promising targets for modulation of the immune response during radiation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyoung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea ; Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Woo
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Department of Microbiological Engineering, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Katz OB, Shaked Y. Host effects contributing to cancer therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2014; 19:33-42. [PMID: 25575621 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There are several approaches for the management of malignant disease. However, tumor resistance to therapy is still a major challenge in the clinic. Efflux transporters, genetic responses and enzyme activity in tumor cells are examples of the main modalities that account for resistance to therapy. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that the host also plays a significant role in promoting therapy resistance. Recruitment of different host cell types to the treated tumor site occurs in response to a range of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation and even targeted drugs. This host response may have a protective effect on the tumor cells, not only negating anti-tumor activity, but also promoting a resistant tumor. In this review, we focus on host-tumor interactions leading to therapy resistance with special emphasis on different host cells and secreted factors within the tumor microenvironment. The development of novel inhibitors that block the host response to therapy could be used as a treatment strategy to enhance therapy outcomes and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofrat Beyar Katz
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shen CJ, Sharma A, Vuong DV, Erler JT, Pruschy M, Broggini-Tenzer A. Ionizing radiation induces tumor cell lysyl oxidase secretion. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:532. [PMID: 25052686 PMCID: PMC4223762 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR) is a mainstay of cancer therapy, but irradiation can at times also lead to stress responses, which counteract IR-induced cytotoxicity. IR also triggers cellular secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β and matrix metalloproteinases, among others, to promote tumor progression. Lysyl oxidase is known to play an important role in hypoxia-dependent cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Here, we investigated the effects of IR on the expression and secretion of lysyl oxidase (LOX) from tumor cells. Methods LOX-secretion along with enzymatic activity was investigated in multiple tumor cell lines in response to irradiation. Transwell migration assays were performed to evaluate invasive capacity of naïve tumor cells in response to IR-induced LOX. In vivo studies for confirming IR-enhanced LOX were performed employing immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues and ex vivo analysis of murine blood serum derived from locally irradiated A549-derived tumor xenografts. Results LOX was secreted in a dose dependent way from several tumor cell lines in response to irradiation. IR did not increase LOX-transcription but induced LOX-secretion. LOX-secretion could not be prevented by the microtubule stabilizing agent patupilone. In contrast, hypoxia induced LOX-transcription, and interestingly, hypoxia-dependent LOX-secretion could be counteracted by patupilone. Conditioned media from irradiated tumor cells promoted invasiveness of naïve tumor cells, while conditioned media from irradiated, LOX- siRNA-silenced cells did not stimulate their invasive capacity. Locally applied irradiation to tumor xenografts also increased LOX-secretion in vivo and resulted in enhanced LOX-levels in the murine blood serum. Conclusions These results indicate a differential regulation of LOX-expression and secretion in response to IR and hypoxia, and suggest that LOX may contribute towards an IR-induced migratory phenotype in sublethally-irradiated tumor cells and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Molecular Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cui FB, Liu Q, Li RT, Shen J, Wu PY, Yu LX, Hu WJ, Wu FL, Jiang CP, Yue GF, Qian XP, Jiang XQ, Liu BR. Enhancement of radiotherapy efficacy by miR-200c-loaded gelatinase-stimuli PEG-Pep-PCL nanoparticles in gastric cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2345-58. [PMID: 24872697 PMCID: PMC4026568 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the main locoregional control modality for many types of unresectable tumors, including gastric cancer. However, many patients fail radiotherapy due to intrinsic radioresistance of cancer cells, which has been found to be strongly associated with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle formulation to deliver miR-200c, which is reported to inhibit CSC-like properties, and then evaluated its potential activity as a radiosensitizer. miR-200c nanoparticles significantly augmented radiosensitivity in three gastric cancer cell lines (sensitization enhancement ratio 1.13–1.25), but only slightly in GES-1 cells (1.06). In addition to radioenhancement, miR-200c nanoparticles reduced the expression of CD44, a putative CSC marker, and the percentage of CD44+ BGC823 cells. Meanwhile, other CSC-like properties, including invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis, could be suppressed by miR-200c nanoparticles. CSC-associated radioresistance mechanisms, involving reactive oxygen species levels and DNA repair capacity, were also attenuated. We have demonstrated that miR-200c nanoparticles are an effective radiosensitizer in gastric cancer cells and induce little radiosensitization in normal cells, which suggests that they are as a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-bo Cui
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Tian Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu-yuan Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-lei Wu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Jiang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-feng Yue
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qun Jiang
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Rui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cui FB, Li RT, Liu Q, Wu PY, Hu WJ, Yue GF, Ding H, Yu LX, Qian XP, Liu BR. Enhancement of radiotherapy efficacy by docetaxel-loaded gelatinase-stimuli PEG-Pep-PCL nanoparticles in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
36
|
Liu T, Du X, Sheng X. Genetic alterations following ionizing radiation in human ovarian cancer-derived endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2257-64. [PMID: 24691555 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the role of endothelial cells during tumor radiotherapy, and the majority of studies have found that the rate of endothelial cell apoptosis determines the response of the tumor to ionizing radiation treatment. However, gene expression changes in human ovarian cancer-derived endothelial cells in response to X-ray radiation remains poorly understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the radiation-induced gene alterations in human ovarian cancer-derived endothelial cells and to provide novel potential targets for combined anti-angiogenesis and radiation therapy for the treatment of human ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer-derived endothelial cells, which were harvested from six human ovarian epithelial carcinomas prior to and 4 h after 400 cGy X-ray irradiation, were analyzed using cDNA microarray technology. Significant genes were selected to corroborate the microarray experiments using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A total of 28 genes common to all the cDNA microarray results were identified, of which 22 genes were found to be consistently upregulated or downregulated. Thirteen genes were upregulated persistently and nine genes downregulated persistently following irradiation with 400 cGy X-ray in comparison with the matched group. The majority of the significantly altered genes (≥2-fold change in expression) were found to have a role in vasculogenesis, cell cycle regulation, inflammation and the immune response, cell growth and apoptosis, nicotinamide metabolism, cell signaling, chemokines and cell adhesion. Eight randomly selected genes were corroborated using qPCR technology. Radiation-induced gene alterations in ovarian cancer-derived endothelial cells and gene-related pathways were associated with vasculogenesis and the radiosensitivity of human ovarian cancer, and may provide promising biomarkers for radiation and anti-angiogenesis treatments against ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Du
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu T, Du X, Sheng X. Gene expression changes after ionizing radiation in endothelial cells derived from human endometrial cancer-preliminary outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 289:1315-23. [PMID: 24385285 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that death of microvascular endothelial cells plays a decisive role in the tumor response against radiotherapy. Nevertheless, radiation-induced gene alterations on cancer-associated endothelial cells of human endometrial carcinoma remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the gene expression changes after X-ray radiation in human endometrial carcinoma vascular endothelial cells and to provide new targets for combined treatment of radiation and anti-angiogenesis in human endometrial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endometrial cancer-derived endothelial cells, which obtained before and 4 h after 400 cGy X-ray radiation from four endometrial carcinomas, were analyzed by gene expression profile. The selected meaningful genes from gene microarray experiments were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Microarray analyses showed 49 significantly changed genes which were common to all the microarray experiments. There into, 14 genes were found to be in persistent up-regulation and 14 in persistent down-regulation 4 h after X-ray radiation when compared with the control group. These genes were involved in cell cycle and growth regulation, cell-apoptosis, chemokine, cell signaling, cellular stress response, angiogenesis, DNA synthesis and repair and cell adhesion. Eight randomly selected genes were validated by real-time PCR. DISCUSSION The genes of cancer-derived endothelial cells regulated by X-ray radiation as well as their related signal pathways, which obtained from gene expression profiling data, were relevant to radiosensitivity of endometrial cancer. This study shows that the identified genes and their related signaling pathways are candidated biomarkers for radiation and anti-angiogenesis of human endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bouchard G, Bouvette G, Therriault H, Bujold R, Saucier C, Paquette B. Pre-irradiation of mouse mammary gland stimulates cancer cell migration and development of lung metastases. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1829-38. [PMID: 24002607 PMCID: PMC3790160 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In most patients with breast cancer, radiotherapy induces inflammation that is characterised by an increase of promigratory factors in healthy tissues surrounding the tumour. However, their role in the emergence of the migration phenotype and formation of metastases is still unclear. Methods: A single mammary gland of BALB/c mice was irradiated with four doses of 6 Gy given at a 24-h interval. After the last session of irradiation, treated and control mammary glands were either collected for quantification of promigratory and proinflammatory factors or were implanted with fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI)-expressing mouse mammary cancer D2A1 cells. The migration of cancer cells in the mammary glands was monitored by optical imaging. On day 21, mammary tumours and lungs were collected for histology analyses and the quantification of metastases. Results: Pre-irradiation of the mammary gland increased by 1.8-fold the migration of cancer cells, by 2-fold the quantity of circulating cancer cells and by 2.4-fold the number of lung metastases. These adverse effects were associated with the induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Conclusion: The emergence of the metastasis phenotype is believed to be associated with the accumulation of mutations in cancer cells. Our results suggest an alternative mechanism based on promigratory factors from irradiated mammary glands. In clinic, the efficiency of radiotherapy could be improved by anti-inflammatory agents that would prevent the stimulation of cancer cell migration induced by radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bouchard
- Centre for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Furmanova-Hollenstein P, Broggini-Tenzer A, Eggel M, Millard AL, Pruschy M. The microtubule stabilizer patupilone counteracts ionizing radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase activity and tumor cell invasion. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:105. [PMID: 23631818 PMCID: PMC3661365 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR) in combination with microtubule stabilizing agents (MSA) is a promising combined treatment modality. Supra-additive treatment responses might result from direct tumor cell killing and cooperative indirect, tumor cell-mediated effects on the tumor microenvironment. Here we investigated deregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, as an important component of the tumor microenvironment, by the combined treatment modality of IR with the clinically relevant MSA patupilone. Methods Expression, secretion and activity of MMPs and related tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were determined in cell extracts and conditioned media derived from human fibrosarcoma HT1080 and human glioblastoma U251 tumor cells in response to treatment with IR and the MSA patupilone. Treatment-dependent changes of the invasive capacities of these tumor cell lines were analysed using a Transwell invasion assay. Control experiments were performed using TIMP-directed siRNA and TIMP-directed inhibitory antibodies. Results Enzymatic activity of secreted MMPs was determined after treatment with patupilone and irradiation in the human fibrosarcoma HT1080 and the human glioblastoma U251 tumor cell line. IR enhanced the activity of secreted MMPs up to 2-fold and cellular pretreatment with low dose patupilone (0.05-0.2 nM) counteracted specifically the IR-induced MMP activity. The cell invasive capacity of HT1080 and U251 cells was increased after irradiation with 2 Gy by 30% and 50%, respectively, and patupilone treatment completely abrogated IR-induced cell invasion. Patupilone did not alter the level of MMP expression, but interestingly, the protein level of secreted TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was lower after combined treatment than after irradiation treatment alone. Furthermore, siRNA depletion of TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 prevented IR-mediated induction of MMP activity and cell invasion. Conclusions These results indicate that patupilone counteracts an IR-induced MMP activation process by the reduction of secreted TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 proteins, which are required for activation of MMPs. Since IR-induced MMP activity could contribute to tumor progression, treatment combination of IR with patupilone might be of great clinical benefit for tumor therapy.
Collapse
|
40
|
Voloshin T, Voest EE, Shaked Y. The host immunological response to cancer therapy: An emerging concept in tumor biology. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1687-95. [PMID: 23518388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Almost any type of anti-cancer treatment including chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and targeted drugs can induce host molecular and cellular immunological effects which, in turn, can lead to tumor outgrowth and relapse despite an initial successful therapy outcome. Tumor relapse due to host immunological effects is attributed to angiogenesis, tumor cell dissemination from the primary tumors and seeding at metastatic sites. This short review will describe the types of host cells that participate in this process, the types of factors secreted from the host following therapy that can promote tumor re-growth, and the possible implications of this unique and yet only partially-known process. It is postulated that blocking these specific immunological effects in the reactive host in response to cancer therapy may aid in identifying new host-dependent targets for cancer, which in combination with conventional treatments can prolong therapy efficacy and extend survival. Additional studies investigating this specific research direction-both in preclinical models and in the clinical setting are essential in order to advance our understanding of how tumors relapse and evade therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Voloshin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Emile E Voest
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gu X, Cun Y, Li M, Qing Y, Jin F, Zhong Z, Dai N, Qian C, Sui J, Wang D. Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease siRNA inhibits the angiogenesis induced by X-ray irradiation in lung cancer cells. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:870-82. [PMID: 23781133 PMCID: PMC3675501 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiotherapy is an important and effective treatment method for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, radiotherapy can alter the expression of proangiogenic molecules and induce angiogenesis. Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) is a multifunctional protein, which has DNA repair and redox function. Our previous studies indicated APE1 is also a crucial angiogenic regulator. Thus, we investigated the effect of APE1 on radiation-induced angiogenesis in lung cancer and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Tumor specimens of 136 patients with NSCLC were obtained from 2003 to 2008. The APE1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, as well as microvessel density (MVD) were observed with immunohistochemistry in tumor samples. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were treated with Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA and/or irradiation, and then the cells were used for APE1 analysis by Western blot and VEGF analysis by RT-PCR and ELISA. To elucidate the underline mechanism of APE1 on VEGF expression, HIF-1α protein level was determined by Western blot, and the DNA binding activity of HIF-1α was detected by EMSA. Transwell migration assay and capillary-like structure assay were used to observe the migration and capillary-like structure formation ability of human umbilical veins endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were co-cultured with Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA and (or) irradiation treated A549 cells culture medium. RESULTS The high expression rates of APE1 and VEGF in NSCLC were 77.94% and 66.18%, respectively. The expressions of APE1 was significantly correlated with VEGF and MVD (r=0.369, r=0.387). APE1 and VEGF high expression were significantly associated with reduced disease free survival (DFS) time. The high expressions of APE1 and VEGF on A549 cells were concurrently induced by X-ray irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of APE1 by Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA significantly decreased DNA binding activity of HIF-1α and suppressed the expression of VEGF in A549 cells, moreover, significantly inhibited the endothelial cells immigration and capillary-like structure formation induced by irradiated A549 cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that APE1 may play a crucial role in angiogenesis induced by irradiation. Administration of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA during radiotherapy could be a potent adjuvant therapeutic approach to enhance the radiotherapy response, effectively eliminate metastasis and improve the efficacy of radiotherapy for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Gu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eitaki M, Yamamori T, Meike S, Yasui H, Inanami O. Vincristine enhances amoeboid-like motility via GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK/Myosin light chain signaling in MKN45 cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:469. [PMID: 23057787 PMCID: PMC3522013 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-cancer drugs are widely used in cancer treatment frequently combined with surgical therapy and/or radiation therapy. Although surgery and radiation have been suggested to facilitate invasion and metastasis of tumor cells in some cases, there is so far little information about the effect of anti-cancer drugs on cellular invasive ability and metastasis. In this study, using four different anti-cancer drugs (vincristine, paclitaxel, cisplatin and etoposide), we examined whether these drugs influence the invasive ability of tumor cells. Methods Human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 cells were used to evaluate the effect of anti-cancer drugs. After drug treatment, cellular invasive ability was assessed using the Matrigel invasion chamber. Cytoskeletal changes after treatment were examined microscopically with F-actin staining. In addition, we monitored cellular motility in 3D matrigel environment by time-lapse microscopic analysis. The drug-induced activation of RhoA and ROCK was evaluated by pull-down assay and Western blotting using an antibody against phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC), respectively. Where necessary, a ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and siRNA for guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) were applied. Results Among all drugs tested, only vincristine stimulated the invasive ability of MKN45 cells. Microscopic analysis revealed that vincristine induced the formation of non-apoptotic membrane blebs and amoeboid-like motility. Vincristine significantly enhanced RhoA activity and MLC phosphorylation, suggesting the involvement of RhoA/ROCK pathway in the vincristine-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and cellular invasion. Furthermore, we found that Y27632 as well as the siRNA for GEF-H1, a RhoA-specific activator, attenuated MLC phosphorylation, the formation of membrane blebs and the invasive ability after vincristine treatment. Conclusions These results indicate that vincristine activates GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling, thereby promoting amoeboid-like motility and the invasive ability of MKN45 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Eitaki
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vlodavsky I, Beckhove P, Lerner I, Pisano C, Meirovitz A, Ilan N, Elkin M. Significance of heparanase in cancer and inflammation. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2012; 5:115-32. [PMID: 21811836 PMCID: PMC3399068 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are primary components at the interface between virtually every eukaryotic cell and its extracellular matrix. HSPGs not only provide a storage depot for heparin-binding molecules in the cell microenvironment, but also decisively regulate their accessibility, function and mode of action. As such, they are intimately involved in modulating cell invasion and signaling loops that are critical for tumor growth, inflammation and kidney function. In a series of studies performed since the cloning of the human heparanase gene, we and others have demonstrated that heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, is causally involved in cancer progression, inflammation and diabetic nephropathy and hence is a valid target for drug development. Heparanase is causally involved in inflammation and accelerates colon tumorigenesis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Notably, heparanase stimulates macrophage activation, while macrophages induce production and activation of latent heparanase contributed by the colon epithelium, together generating a vicious cycle that powers colitis and the associated tumorigenesis. Heparanase also plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, degrading heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane and ultimately leading to proteinuria and kidney dysfunction. Notably, clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation (IR) upregulate heparanase expression and thereby augment the metastatic potential of pancreatic carcinoma. Thus, combining radiotherapy with heparanase inhibition is an effective strategy to prevent tumor resistance and dissemination in IR-treated pancreatic cancer patients. Also, accumulating evidence indicate that peptides derived from human heparanase elicit a potent anti-tumor immune response, suggesting that heparanase represents a promising target antigen for immunotherapeutic approaches against a broad variety of tumours. Oligosaccharide-based compounds that inhibit heparanase enzymatic activity were developed, aiming primarily at halting tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Some of these compounds are being evaluated in clinical trials, targeting both the tumor and tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P. O. Box 9649, Haifa, 31096, Israel,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Artacho-Cordón F, Ríos-Arrabal S, Lara PC, Artacho-Cordón A, Calvente I, Núñez MI. Matrix metalloproteinases: potential therapy to prevent the development of second malignancies after breast radiotherapy. Surg Oncol 2012; 21:e143-51. [PMID: 22749313 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer, but ionizing radiation-induced carcinogenesis has been described in several studies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a wide family of proteases secreted by tumour and microenvironmental cells that are directly linked with invasion and metastasis through complete extracellular matrix (ECM) breakage. In the past decade, MMPs have been associated with other carcinogenesis steps, including tumour growth and angiogenesis promotion. Moreover, in vitro studies have demonstrated an enhanced migration, invasiveness, and angiogenic ability of cancer cells after radiation exposure through an increase in MMP activity. These findings are consistent with clinical observations of breast cancer metastases raised in bone, lung and brain tissues after radiotherapy. The aim of this review was to analyse the current state of research on MMPs and report new insights into the potential of MMP-targeted therapy in combination with radiotherapy to decrease the risk of radiation-induced second malignancies and to improve the overall survival of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Artacho-Cordón
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Av. Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Monitoring the longitudinal intra-tumor physiological impulse response to VEGFR2 blockade in breast tumors using DCE-CT. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 13:1183-95. [PMID: 20957443 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify and model the longitudinal intra-tumor physiological response to a single dose of a monoclonal antibody specific to the VEGFR2 using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT imaging was performed on athymic nude mice bearing xenograft VEGF-transfected MCF-7 tumors (MCF7(VEGF)) to quantify intra-tumor physiology pre- and post-injection (days 2, 7, and 14) of a nonspecific (IgG1, controls) and specific (DC101, treated) monoclonal antibody targeting VEGFR2. Parametrical maps of tumor physiology-perfusion (F), permeability surface area (PS), fractional plasma (f(p)), and interstitial space (f (is))-were obtained at four time points over a 2-week period. RESULTS A temporal multistage recovery process whereby a decoupling of the fractional change in physiological parameters (f (p), F) was observed when comparing treated to control tumors: f (p) and perfusion decreased by a combined 27% (P < 0.01) and 65% (P < 0.01) on day 2, while only perfusion remained reduced by 46% (P < 0.01) on day 7. Intra-tumor heterogeneity defined by the change in variance of perfusion decreased on days 2 and 7; no change in the variance of f(p) was observed. Analysis based on a mathematical model linking perfusion and vascular morphology indicates that a decrease in f(p) and perfusion was consistent with a reduction in blood vessel radius, followed by an increase in the vascular radius and tortuosity resulting in the decoupling of f(p) and perfusion before returning to control levels. CONCLUSION Inhibiting VEGFR2 activity results in a temporal decoupling of physiological parameters, which can be explained by a combination of morphological changes influencing perfusion. Such a decoupling has the potential to significantly impact the delivery of pharmaceuticals and oxygen within solid tumors, critical factors in combined anti-angiogenic and radio- and chemotherapies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou LY, Wang ZM, Gao YB, Wang LY, Zeng ZC. Stimulation of hepatoma cell invasiveness and metastatic potential by proteins secreted from irradiated nonparenchymal cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 84:822-8. [PMID: 22420973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether factors secreted by irradiated liver nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) may influence invasiveness and/or metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to elucidate a possible mechanism for such effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS Primary rat NPCs were cultured and divided into irradiated (10-Gy X-ray) and nonirradiated groups. Forty-eight hours after irradiation, conditioned medium from irradiated (SR) or nonirradiated (SnonR) cultures were collected and added to sublethally irradiated cultures of the hepatoma McA-RH7777 cell line. Then, hepatoma cells were continuously passaged for eight generations (RH10Gy-SR and RH10Gy-SnonR). The invasiveness and metastatic potential of McA-RH7777, RH10Gy-SnonR, and RH10Gy-SR cells were evaluated using an in vitro gelatinous protein (Matrigel) invasion and an in vivo metastasis assay. In addition, SR and SnonR were tested using rat cytokine antibody arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In vitro gelatinous protein invasion assay indicated that the numbers of invading cells was significantly higher in RH10Gy-SR (40 ± 4.74) than in RH10Gy-SnonR (30.6 ± 3.85) cells, and lowest in McA-RH7777 (11.4 ± 3.56) cells. The same pattern was observed in vivo in a lung metastasis assay, as evaluated by number of metastatic lung nodules seen with RH10Gy-SR (28.83 ± 5.38), RH10Gy-SnonR (22.17 ± 4.26), and McA-RH7777 (8.3 ± 3.8) cells. Rat cytokine antibody arrays and ELISA demonstrated that metastasis-promoting cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), circulating growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were upregulated in SR compared with SnonR. CONCLUSIONS Radiation can increase invasiveness and metastatic potential of sublethally irradiated hepatoma cells, and soluble mediators released from irradiated NPCs promote this potential. Increased secretion of metastasis-related cytokines and factors from NPCs after irradiation may be a possible mechanism for the radiation-induced invasiveness and metastatic potential of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M. Effects of various flavonoids isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis roots on skin damage in acute UVB-irradiated hairless mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1613-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes skin damage including increasing skin thickness, edema and flush. Scutellaria baicalensis roots have been traditionally used as a remedy for allergic inflammatory diseases in China and Japan. In this study, we examined the effects of four flavonoids isolated from these roots, namely 2′,5, 5′,7-tetrahydroxy-6′,8-dimethoxyflavone (1), skullcapflavone II (2), 2(S)-2′,5,6′,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (3) and 2(R), 3(R)-2′,3,5,6′,7-pentahydroxyflavanone (4), on acute UVB irradiation-induced skin damage in hairless mice.
Methods
The four flavonoids were orally administered twice daily, at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, for 14 consecutive days. The UVB irradiation was performed at a dose of 200 mJ cm−2 on days 7 and 8 after beginning oral administration of the four flavonoids.
Key findings
Compounds 1 and 4 prevented increases in skin thickness, levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by UVB irradiation. The other two flavonoids 2 and 3 had no effect.
Conclusions
Compounds 1 and 4 isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis roots may be useful for preventing skin inflammation induced by acute UVB irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kimura
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Research, Japan
| | - Maho Sumiyoshi
- Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hamalukic M, Huelsenbeck J, Schad A, Wirtz S, Kaina B, Fritz G. Rac1-regulated endothelial radiation response stimulates extravasation and metastasis that can be blocked by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26413. [PMID: 22039482 PMCID: PMC3198428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a key role in cancer treatment. Although the benefit of ionizing radiation (IR) is well established, some findings raise the possibility that irradiation of the primary tumor not only triggers a killing response but also increases the metastatic potential of surviving tumor cells. Here we addressed the question of whether irradiation of normal cells outside of the primary tumor augments metastasis by stimulating the extravasation of circulating tumor cells. We show that IR exposure of human endothelial cells (EC), tumor cells (TC) or both increases TC-EC adhesion in vitro. IR-stimulated TC-EC adhesion was blocked by the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin. Glycyrrhizic acid from liquorice root, which acts as a Sialyl-Lewis X mimetic drug, and the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 also reduced TC-EC adhesion. To examine the in vivo relevance of these findings, tumorigenic cells were injected into the tail vein of immunodeficient mice followed by total body irradiation (TBI). The data obtained show that TBI dramatically enhances tumor cell extravasation and lung metastasis. This pro-metastatic radiation effect was blocked by pre-treating mice with lovastatin, glycyrrhizic acid or NSC23766. TBI of mice prior to tumor cell transplantation also stimulated metastasis, which was again blocked by lovastatin. The data point to a pro-metastatic trans-effect of RT, which likely rests on the endothelial radiation response promoting the extravasation of circulating tumor cells. Administration of the widely used lipid-lowering drug lovastatin prior to irradiation counteracts this process, likely by suppressing Rac1-regulated E-selectin expression following irradiation. The data support the concern that radiation exposure might increase the extravasation of circulating tumor cells and recommend co-administration of lipid-lowering drugs to avoid this adverse effect of ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hamalukic
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Huelsenbeck
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arno Schad
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Paquette B, Therriault H, Desmarais G, Wagner R, Royer R, Bujold R. Radiation-enhancement of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion prevented by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:534-41. [PMID: 21792195 PMCID: PMC3170962 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidences support that radiation can promote the invasion of cancer cells. As interactions between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells can have an important role in tumour progression, we determined whether an irradiation to fibroblasts can enhance the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inflammatory enzyme frequently induced by radiotherapy, was investigated. METHODS Irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts were plated in the lower compartment of invasion chambers and used as chemoattractant for non-irradiated human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231, which are oestrogen receptor negative (ER(-)) and the oestrogen receptor positive (ER(+)) MCF-7 cells. Stimulation of COX-2 expression in irradiated 3T3 cells was measured by a semi-quantitative qPCR and western blot. Capacity of the major product of COX-2, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), to stimulate the production of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and cancer cell invasion were assessed with a zymography gel and invasion chambers. RESULTS Irradiation (5 Gy) of 3T3 fibroblasts increased COX-2 expression and enhanced by 5.8-fold the invasiveness of non-irradiated MDA-MB-231 cells, while their migration was not modified. Addition of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 completely prevented radiation-enhancement of cancer cell invasion. Further supporting the potential role of COX-2, addition of PGE(2) has increased cancer cell invasion and release of MMP-2 from the MDA-MB-231 cells. This effect of radiation was dependant on the expression of membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, which is required to activate the MMP-2, but was not associated with the ER status. Although irradiated fibroblasts stimulated the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 ER(-) cells, no enhancement was measured with the ER(+) cell line MCF-7. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-enhancement of breast cancer cell invasion induced by irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts is not dependant on the ER status, but rather the expression of MT1-MMP. This adverse effect of radiation can be prevented by a specific COX-2 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
MMP-2 siRNA inhibits radiation-enhanced invasiveness in glioma cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20614. [PMID: 21698233 PMCID: PMC3116828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous work and that of others strongly suggests a relationship between the infiltrative phenotype of gliomas and the expression of MMP-2. Radiation therapy, which represents one of the mainstays of glioma treatment, is known to increase cell invasion by inducing MMP-2. Thus, inhibition of MMP-2 provides a potential means for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy for malignant glioma. Methodology/Principal Findings We have tested the ability of a plasmid vector-mediated MMP-2 siRNA (p-MMP-2) to modulate ionizing radiation-induced invasive phenotype in the human glioma cell lines U251 and U87. Cells that were transfected with p-MMP-2 with and without radiation showed a marked reduction of MMP-2 compared to controls and pSV-transfected cells. A significant reduction of proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of cells transfected with p-MMP-2 and in combination with radiation was observed compared to controls. Western blot analysis revealed that radiation-enhanced levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2, pVEGFR-2, p-FAK, and p-p38 were inhibited with p-MMP-2-transfected cells. TUNEL staining showed that radiation did not induce apoptosis in U87 and U251 cells while a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells was observed when irradiated cells were simultaneously transfected with p-MMP-2 as compared to controls. Intracranial tumor growth was predominantly inhibited in the animals treated with p-MMP-2 alone or in combination with radiation compared to controls. Conclusion/Significance MMP-2 inhibition, mediated by p-MMP-2 and in combination with radiation, significantly reduced tumor cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis and tumor growth by modulating several important downstream signaling molecules and directing cells towards apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate the efficacy of p-MMP-2 in inhibiting radiation-enhanced tumor invasion and progression and suggest that it may act as a potent adjuvant for radiotherapy in glioma patients.
Collapse
|